path: root/src/core/umount.c

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ */
/***
  This file is part of systemd.

  Copyright 2010 ProFUSION embedded systems

  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
  (at your option) any later version.

  systemd is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
  WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
  Lesser General Public License for more details.

  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
  along with systemd; If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
***/

#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <linux/loop.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/mount.h>
#include <sys/swap.h>

#include "libudev.h"

#include "alloc-util.h"
#include "blockdev-util.h"
#include "def.h"
#include "escape.h"
#include "fd-util.h"
#include "fstab-util.h"
#include "linux-3.13/dm-ioctl.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "mount-setup.h"
#include "mount-util.h"
#include "path-util.h"
#include "signal-util.h"
#include "string-util.h"
#include "udev-util.h"
#include "umount.h"
#include "util.h"
#include "virt.h"

typedef struct MountPoint {
        char *path;
        char *options;
        char *type;
        dev_t devnum;
        LIST_FIELDS(struct MountPoint, mount_point);
} MountPoint;

static void mount_point_free(MountPoint **head, MountPoint *m) {
        assert(head);
        assert(m);

        LIST_REMOVE(mount_point, *head, m);

        free(m->path);
        free(m);
}

static void mount_points_list_free(MountPoint **head) {
        assert(head);

        while (*head)
                mount_point_free(head, *head);
}

static int mount_points_list_get(MountPoint **head) {
        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_self_mountinfo = NULL;
        unsigned int i;
        int r;

        assert(head);

        proc_self_mountinfo = fopen("/proc/self/mountinfo", "re");
        if (!proc_self_mountinfo)
                return -errno;

        for (i = 1;; i++) {
                _cleanup_free_ char *path = NULL, *options = NULL, *type = NULL;
                char *p = NULL;
                MountPoint *m;
                int k;

                k = fscanf(proc_self_mountinfo,
                           "%*s "       /* (1) mount id */
                           "%*s "       /* (2) parent id */
                           "%*s "       /* (3) major:minor */
                           "%*s "       /* (4) root */
                           "%ms "       /* (5) mount point */
                           "%*s"        /* (6) mount flags */
                           "%*[^-]"     /* (7) optional fields */
                           "- "         /* (8) separator */
                           "%ms "       /* (9) file system type */
                           "%*s"        /* (10) mount source */
                           "%ms"        /* (11) mount options */
                           "%*[^\n]",   /* some rubbish at the end */
                           &path, &type, &options);
                if (k != 3) {
                        if (k == EOF)
                                break;

                        log_warning("Failed to parse /proc/self/mountinfo:%u.", i);
                        continue;
                }

                r = cunescape(path, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &p);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                /* Ignore mount points we can't unmount because they
                 * are API or because we are keeping them open (like
                 * /dev/console). Also, ignore all mounts below API
                 * file systems, since they are likely virtual too,
                 * and hence not worth spending time on. Also, in
                 * unprivileged containers we might lack the rights to
                 * unmount these things, hence don't bother. */
                if (mount_point_is_api(p) ||
                    mount_point_ignore(p) ||
                    path_startswith(p, "/dev") ||
                    path_startswith(p, "/sys") ||
                    path_startswith(p, "/proc")) {
                        free(p);
                        continue;
                }

                m = new0(MountPoint, 1);
                if (!m) {
                        free(p);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }

                m->path = p;
                m->options = options;
                options = NULL;
                m->type = type;
                type = NULL;

                LIST_PREPEND(mount_point, *head, m);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int swap_list_get(MountPoint **head) {
        _cleanup_fclose_ FILE *proc_swaps = NULL;
        unsigned int i;
        int r;

        assert(head);

        proc_swaps = fopen("/proc/swaps", "re");
        if (!proc_swaps)
                return (errno == ENOENT) ? 0 : -errno;

        (void) fscanf(proc_swaps, "%*s %*s %*s %*s %*s\n");

        for (i = 2;; i++) {
                MountPoint *swap;
                _cleanup_free_ char *dev = NULL, *d = NULL;
                int k;

                k = fscanf(proc_swaps,
                           "%ms " /* device/file */
                           "%*s " /* type of swap */
                           "%*s " /* swap size */
                           "%*s " /* used */
                           "%*s\n", /* priority */
                           &dev);

                if (k != 1) {
                        if (k == EOF)
                                break;

                        log_warning("Failed to parse /proc/swaps:%u.", i);
                        continue;
                }

                if (endswith(dev, " (deleted)"))
                        continue;

                r = cunescape(dev, UNESCAPE_RELAX, &d);
                if (r < 0)
                        return r;

                swap = new0(MountPoint, 1);
                if (!swap)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                free_and_replace(swap->path, d);
                LIST_PREPEND(mount_point, *head, swap);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int loopback_list_get(MountPoint **head) {
        _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
        struct udev_list_entry *item = NULL, *first = NULL;
        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(head);

        udev = udev_new();
        if (!udev)
                return -ENOMEM;

        e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
        if (!e)
                return -ENOMEM;

        r = udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(e, "block");
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = udev_enumerate_add_match_sysname(e, "loop*");
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = udev_enumerate_add_match_sysattr(e, "loop/backing_file", NULL);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
        udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
                MountPoint *lb;
                _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d;
                char *loop;
                const char *dn;

                d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
                if (!d)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                dn = udev_device_get_devnode(d);
                if (!dn)
                        continue;

                loop = strdup(dn);
                if (!loop)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                lb = new0(MountPoint, 1);
                if (!lb) {
                        free(loop);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }

                lb->path = loop;
                LIST_PREPEND(mount_point, *head, lb);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int dm_list_get(MountPoint **head) {
        _cleanup_udev_enumerate_unref_ struct udev_enumerate *e = NULL;
        struct udev_list_entry *item = NULL, *first = NULL;
        _cleanup_udev_unref_ struct udev *udev = NULL;
        int r;

        assert(head);

        udev = udev_new();
        if (!udev)
                return -ENOMEM;

        e = udev_enumerate_new(udev);
        if (!e)
                return -ENOMEM;

        r = udev_enumerate_add_match_subsystem(e, "block");
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = udev_enumerate_add_match_sysname(e, "dm-*");
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        r = udev_enumerate_scan_devices(e);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;

        first = udev_enumerate_get_list_entry(e);
        udev_list_entry_foreach(item, first) {
                MountPoint *m;
                _cleanup_udev_device_unref_ struct udev_device *d;
                dev_t devnum;
                char *node;
                const char *dn;

                d = udev_device_new_from_syspath(udev, udev_list_entry_get_name(item));
                if (!d)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                devnum = udev_device_get_devnum(d);
                dn = udev_device_get_devnode(d);
                if (major(devnum) == 0 || !dn)
                        continue;

                node = strdup(dn);
                if (!node)
                        return -ENOMEM;

                m = new(MountPoint, 1);
                if (!m) {
                        free(node);
                        return -ENOMEM;
                }

                m->path = node;
                m->devnum = devnum;
                LIST_PREPEND(mount_point, *head, m);
        }

        return 0;
}

static int delete_loopback(const char *device) {
        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;
        int r;

        fd = open(device, O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC);
        if (fd < 0)
                return errno == ENOENT ? 0 : -errno;

        r = ioctl(fd, LOOP_CLR_FD, 0);
        if (r >= 0)
                return 1;

        /* ENXIO: not bound, so no error */
        if (errno == ENXIO)
                return 0;

        return -errno;
}

static int delete_dm(dev_t devnum) {

        struct dm_ioctl dm = {
                .version = {
                        DM_VERSION_MAJOR,
                        DM_VERSION_MINOR,
                        DM_VERSION_PATCHLEVEL
                },
                .data_size = sizeof(dm),
                .dev = devnum,
        };

        _cleanup_close_ int fd = -1;

        assert(major(devnum) != 0);

        fd = open("/dev/mapper/control", O_RDWR|O_CLOEXEC);
        if (fd < 0)
                return -errno;

        if (ioctl(fd, DM_DEV_REMOVE, &dm) < 0)
                return -errno;

        return 0;
}

static bool nonunmountable_path(const char *path) {
        return path_equal(path, "/")
#if ! HAVE_SPLIT_USR
                || path_equal(path, "/usr")
#endif
                || path_startswith(path, "/run/initramfs");
}

static int remount_with_timeout(MountPoint *m, char *options, int *n_failed) {
        pid_t pid;
        int r;

        BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGCHLD);

        /* Due to the possiblity of a remount operation hanging, we
         * fork a child process and set a timeout. If the timeout
         * lapses, the assumption is that that particular remount
         * failed. */
        r = safe_fork("(sd-remount)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS|FORK_LOG, &pid);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;
        if (r == 0) {
                log_info("Remounting '%s' read-only in with options '%s'.", m->path, options);

                /* Start the mount operation here in the child */
                r = mount(NULL, m->path, NULL, MS_REMOUNT|MS_RDONLY, options);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to remount '%s' read-only: %m", m->path);

                _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }

        r = wait_for_terminate_with_timeout(pid, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC);
        if (r == -ETIMEDOUT) {
                log_error_errno(errno, "Remounting '%s' - timed out, issuing SIGKILL to PID "PID_FMT".", m->path, pid);
                (void) kill(pid, SIGKILL);
        } else if (r < 0)
                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for process: %m");

        return r;
}

static int umount_with_timeout(MountPoint *m, bool *changed) {
        pid_t pid;
        int r;

        BLOCK_SIGNALS(SIGCHLD);

        /* Due to the possiblity of a umount operation hanging, we
         * fork a child process and set a timeout. If the timeout
         * lapses, the assumption is that that particular umount
         * failed. */
        r = safe_fork("(sd-umount)", FORK_RESET_SIGNALS|FORK_CLOSE_ALL_FDS|FORK_LOG, &pid);
        if (r < 0)
                return r;
        if (r == 0) {
                log_info("Unmounting '%s'.", m->path);

                /* Start the mount operation here in the child Using MNT_FORCE
                 * causes some filesystems (e.g. FUSE and NFS and other network
                 * filesystems) to abort any pending requests and return -EIO
                 * rather than blocking indefinitely. If the filesysten is
                 * "busy", this may allow processes to die, thus making the
                 * filesystem less busy so the unmount might succeed (rather
                 * then return EBUSY).*/
                r = umount2(m->path, MNT_FORCE);
                if (r < 0)
                        log_error_errno(errno, "Failed to unmount %s: %m", m->path);

                _exit(r < 0 ? EXIT_FAILURE : EXIT_SUCCESS);
        }

        r = wait_for_terminate_with_timeout(pid, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_USEC);
        if (r == -ETIMEDOUT) {
                log_error_errno(errno, "Unmounting '%s' - timed out, issuing SIGKILL to PID "PID_FMT".", m->path, pid);
                (void) kill(pid, SIGKILL);
        } else if (r < 0)
                log_error_errno(r, "Failed to wait for process: %m");

        return r;
}

/* This includes remounting readonly, which changes the kernel mount options.
 * Therefore the list passed to this function is invalidated, and should not be reused. */

static int mount_points_list_umount(MountPoint **head, bool *changed) {
        MountPoint *m;
        int n_failed = 0;

        assert(head);

        LIST_FOREACH(mount_point, m, *head) {
                bool mount_is_readonly;

                mount_is_readonly = fstab_test_yes_no_option(m->options, "ro\0rw\0");

                /* If we are in a container, don't attempt to
                   read-only mount anything as that brings no real
                   benefits, but might confuse the host, as we remount
                   the superblock here, not the bind mount.
                   If the filesystem is a network fs, also skip the
                   remount.  It brings no value (we cannot leave
                   a "dirty fs") and could hang if the network is down.
                   Note that umount2() is more careful and will not
                   hang because of the network being down. */
                if (detect_container() <= 0 &&
                    !fstype_is_network(m->type) &&
                    !mount_is_readonly) {
                        _cleanup_free_ char *options = NULL;
                        /* MS_REMOUNT requires that the data parameter
                         * should be the same from the original mount
                         * except for the desired changes. Since we want
                         * to remount read-only, we should filter out
                         * rw (and ro too, because it confuses the kernel) */
                        (void) fstab_filter_options(m->options, "rw\0ro\0", NULL, NULL, &options);

                        /* We always try to remount directories
                         * read-only first, before we go on and umount
                         * them.
                         *
                         * Mount points can be stacked. If a mount
                         * point is stacked below / or /usr, we
                         * cannot umount or remount it directly,
                         * since there is no way to refer to the
                         * underlying mount. There's nothing we can do
                         * about it for the general case, but we can
                         * do something about it if it is aliased
                         * somehwere else via a bind mount. If we
                         * explicitly remount the super block of that
                         * alias read-only we hence should be
                         * relatively safe regarding keeping dirty an fs
                         * we cannot otherwise see.
                         *
                         * Since the remount can hang in the instance of
                         * remote filesystems, we remount asynchronously
                         * and skip the subsequent umount if it fails */
                        if (remount_with_timeout(m, options, &n_failed) < 0) {
                                if (nonunmountable_path(m->path))
                                        n_failed++;
                                continue;
                        }
                }

                /* Skip / and /usr since we cannot unmount that
                 * anyway, since we are running from it. They have
                 * already been remounted ro. */
                if (nonunmountable_path(m->path))
                        continue;

                /* Trying to umount */
                if (umount_with_timeout(m, changed) < 0)
                        n_failed++;
                else {
                        if (changed)
                                *changed = true;
                }
        }

        return n_failed;
}

static int swap_points_list_off(MountPoint **head, bool *changed) {
        MountPoint *m, *n;
        int n_failed = 0;

        assert(head);

        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(mount_point, m, n, *head) {
                log_info("Deactivating swap %s.", m->path);
                if (swapoff(m->path) == 0) {
                        if (changed)
                                *changed = true;

                        mount_point_free(head, m);
                } else {
                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Could not deactivate swap %s: %m", m->path);
                        n_failed++;
                }
        }

        return n_failed;
}

static int loopback_points_list_detach(MountPoint **head, bool *changed) {
        MountPoint *m, *n;
        int n_failed = 0, k;
        struct stat root_st;

        assert(head);

        k = lstat("/", &root_st);

        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(mount_point, m, n, *head) {
                int r;
                struct stat loopback_st;

                if (k >= 0 &&
                    major(root_st.st_dev) != 0 &&
                    lstat(m->path, &loopback_st) >= 0 &&
                    root_st.st_dev == loopback_st.st_rdev) {
                        n_failed++;
                        continue;
                }

                log_info("Detaching loopback %s.", m->path);
                r = delete_loopback(m->path);
                if (r >= 0) {
                        if (r > 0 && changed)
                                *changed = true;

                        mount_point_free(head, m);
                } else {
                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Could not detach loopback %s: %m", m->path);
                        n_failed++;
                }
        }

        return n_failed;
}

static int dm_points_list_detach(MountPoint **head, bool *changed) {
        MountPoint *m, *n;
        int n_failed = 0, r;
        dev_t rootdev;

        assert(head);

        r = get_block_device("/", &rootdev);
        if (r <= 0)
                rootdev = 0;

        LIST_FOREACH_SAFE(mount_point, m, n, *head) {

                if (major(rootdev) != 0)
                        if (rootdev == m->devnum) {
                                n_failed ++;
                                continue;
                        }

                log_info("Detaching DM %u:%u.", major(m->devnum), minor(m->devnum));
                r = delete_dm(m->devnum);
                if (r >= 0) {
                        if (changed)
                                *changed = true;

                        mount_point_free(head, m);
                } else {
                        log_warning_errno(errno, "Could not detach DM %s: %m", m->path);
                        n_failed++;
                }
        }

        return n_failed;
}

static int umount_all_once(bool *changed) {
        int r;
        LIST_HEAD(MountPoint, mp_list_head);

        LIST_HEAD_INIT(mp_list_head);
        r = mount_points_list_get(&mp_list_head);
        if (r < 0)
                goto end;

        r = mount_points_list_umount(&mp_list_head, changed);

  end:
        mount_points_list_free(&mp_list_head);

        return r;
}

int umount_all(bool *changed) {
        bool umount_changed;
        int r;

        /* Retry umount, until nothing can be umounted anymore. Mounts are
         * processed in order, newest first. The retries are needed when
         * an old mount has been moved, to a path inside a newer mount. */
        do {
                umount_changed = false;

                r = umount_all_once(&umount_changed);
                if (umount_changed)
                        *changed = true;
        } while (umount_changed);

        return r;
}

int swapoff_all(bool *changed) {
        int r;
        LIST_HEAD(MountPoint, swap_list_head);

        LIST_HEAD_INIT(swap_list_head);

        r = swap_list_get(&swap_list_head);
        if (r < 0)
                goto end;

        r = swap_points_list_off(&swap_list_head, changed);

  end:
        mount_points_list_free(&swap_list_head);

        return r;
}

int loopback_detach_all(bool *changed) {
        int r;
        LIST_HEAD(MountPoint, loopback_list_head);

        LIST_HEAD_INIT(loopback_list_head);

        r = loopback_list_get(&loopback_list_head);
        if (r < 0)
                goto end;

        r = loopback_points_list_detach(&loopback_list_head, changed);

  end:
        mount_points_list_free(&loopback_list_head);

        return r;
}

int dm_detach_all(bool *changed) {
        int r;
        LIST_HEAD(MountPoint, dm_list_head);

        LIST_HEAD_INIT(dm_list_head);

        r = dm_list_get(&dm_list_head);
        if (r < 0)
                goto end;

        r = dm_points_list_detach(&dm_list_head, changed);

  end:
        mount_points_list_free(&dm_list_head);

        return r;
}