1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
|
<?xml version='1.0'?> <!--*-nxml-*-->
<!DOCTYPE refentry PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/docbookx.dtd">
<!-- SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-2.1+ -->
<refentry id="systemd.swap"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
<refentryinfo>
<title>systemd.swap</title>
<productname>systemd</productname>
</refentryinfo>
<refmeta>
<refentrytitle>systemd.swap</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum>
</refmeta>
<refnamediv>
<refname>systemd.swap</refname>
<refpurpose>Swap unit configuration</refpurpose>
</refnamediv>
<refsynopsisdiv>
<para><filename><replaceable>swap</replaceable>.swap</filename></para>
</refsynopsisdiv>
<refsect1>
<title>Description</title>
<para>A unit configuration file whose name ends in
<literal>.swap</literal> encodes information about a swap device
or file for memory paging controlled and supervised by
systemd.</para>
<para>This man page lists the configuration options specific to
this unit type. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for the common options of all unit configuration files. The common
configuration items are configured in the generic <literal>[Unit]</literal> and
<literal>[Install]</literal> sections. The swap specific configuration options are
configured in the <literal>[Swap]</literal> section.</para>
<para>Additional options are listed in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
which define the execution environment the <citerefentry
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
program is executed in, in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
which define the way these processes are
terminated, and in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
which configure resource control settings for these processes of the
unit.</para>
<para>Swap units must be named after the devices or files they control. Example: the swap device <filename
index="false">/dev/sda5</filename> must be configured in a unit file <filename>dev-sda5.swap</filename>. For
details about the escaping logic used to convert a file system path to a unit name, see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>. Note that swap
units cannot be templated, nor is possible to add multiple names to a swap unit by creating additional symlinks to
it.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Automatic Dependencies</title>
<refsect2>
<title>Implicit Dependencies</title>
<para>The following dependencies are implicitly added:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>All swap units automatically get the
<varname>BindsTo=</varname> and <varname>After=</varname>
dependencies on the device units or the mount units of the files
they are activated from.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<para>Additional implicit dependencies may be added as result of
execution and resource control parameters as documented in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.</para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2>
<title>Default Dependencies</title>
<para>The following dependencies are added unless <varname>DefaultDependencies=no</varname> is set:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Swap units automatically acquire a <varname>Conflicts=</varname> and a
<varname>Before=</varname> dependency on <filename>umount.target</filename> so that they are deactivated at
shutdown as well as a <varname>Before=swap.target</varname> dependency.</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</refsect2>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title><filename>fstab</filename></title>
<para>Swap units may either be configured via unit files, or via
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> (see
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>fstab</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details). Swaps listed in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> will
be converted into native units dynamically at boot and when the
configuration of the system manager is reloaded. See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for details about the conversion.</para>
<para>If a swap device or file is configured in both
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename> and a unit file, the configuration
in the latter takes precedence.</para>
<para>When reading <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, a few special
options are understood by systemd which influence how dependencies
are created for swap units.</para>
<variablelist class='fstab-options'>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>noauto</option></term>
<term><option>auto</option></term>
<listitem><para>With <option>noauto</option>, the swap unit
will not be added as a dependency for
<filename>swap.target</filename>. This means that it will not
be activated automatically during boot, unless it is pulled in
by some other unit. The <option>auto</option> option has the
opposite meaning and is the default.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><option>nofail</option></term>
<listitem><para>With <option>nofail</option>, the swap unit
will be only wanted, not required by
<filename>swap.target</filename>. This means that the boot
will continue even if this swap device is not activated
successfully.</para>
</listitem>
</varlistentry>
<xi:include href="systemd.mount.xml" xpointer="device-timeout" />
<varlistentry>
<term><option>x-systemd.makefs</option></term>
<listitem><para>The swap structure will be initialized on the device. If the device is not
"empty", i.e. it contains any signature, the operation will be skipped. It is hence expected
that this option remains set even after the device has been initialized.</para>
<para>Note that this option can only be used in <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>, and will be
ignored when part of the <varname>Options=</varname> setting in a unit file.</para>
<para>See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-mkswap@.service</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and the discussion of
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>wipefs</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
in <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Options</title>
<para>Swap files must include a [Swap] section, which carries
information about the swap device it supervises. A number of
options that may be used in this section are shared with other
unit types. These options are documented in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.
The options specific to the [Swap] section of swap units are the
following:</para>
<variablelist class='unit-directives'>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>What=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Takes an absolute path of a device node or file to use for paging. See <citerefentry
project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry> for
details. If this refers to a device node, a dependency on the respective device unit is automatically
created. (See
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for more
information.) If this refers to a file, a dependency on the respective mount unit is automatically
created. (See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more information.) This option is mandatory. Note that the usual specifier expansion is applied to this
setting, literal percent characters should hence be written as <literal>%%</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>Priority=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Swap priority to use when activating the swap
device or file. This takes an integer. This setting is
optional and ignored when the priority is set by <option>pri=</option> in the
<varname>Options=</varname> key.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>Options=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>May contain an option string for the swap device. This may be used for controlling discard
options among other functionality, if the swap backing device supports the discard or trim operation. (See
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more information.) Note that the usual specifier expansion is applied to this setting, literal percent
characters should hence be written as <literal>%%</literal>.</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
<varlistentry>
<term><varname>TimeoutSec=</varname></term>
<listitem><para>Configures the time to wait for the swapon
command to finish. If a command does not exit within the
configured time, the swap will be considered failed and be
shut down again. All commands still running will be terminated
forcibly via <constant>SIGTERM</constant>, and after another
delay of this time with <constant>SIGKILL</constant>. (See
<option>KillMode=</option> in
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>.)
Takes a unit-less value in seconds, or a time span value such
as "5min 20s". Pass <literal>0</literal> to disable the
timeout logic. Defaults to
<varname>DefaultTimeoutStartSec=</varname> from the manager
configuration file (see
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>).
</para></listitem>
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
<para>Check
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
and
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>
for more settings.</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>See Also</title>
<para>
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemctl</refentrytitle><manvolnum>1</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-system.conf</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.unit</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.exec</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.kill</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.resource-control</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.device</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.mount</refentrytitle><manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry project='man-pages'><refentrytitle>swapon</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd-fstab-generator</refentrytitle><manvolnum>8</manvolnum></citerefentry>,
<citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.directives</refentrytitle><manvolnum>7</manvolnum></citerefentry>
</para>
</refsect1>
</refentry>
|
