udev: test - move test/ and src/test/

5 files changed, 1640 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/test/.gitignore b/test/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98fa886530
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/sys
diff --git a/test/rule-syntax-check.py b/test/rule-syntax-check.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..4fa3042d4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rule-syntax-check.py
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/python
+# Simple udev rules syntax checker
+#
+# (C) 2010 Canonical Ltd.
+# Author: Martin Pitt <martin.pitt@ubuntu.com>
+#
+# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+# (at your option) any later version.
+#
+# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
+# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
+# General Public License for more details.
+#
+# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+# Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA.
+
+import re
+import sys
+
+if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+    print >> sys.stderr, 'Usage: %s <rules file> [...]' % sys.argv[0]
+    sys.exit(2)
+
+no_args_tests = re.compile('(ACTION|DEVPATH|KERNELS?|NAME|SYMLINK|SUBSYSTEMS?|DRIVERS?|TAG|RESULT|TEST)\s*(?:=|!)=\s*"([^"]*)"$')
+args_tests = re.compile('(ATTRS?|ENV|TEST){([a-zA-Z0-9/_.*%-]+)}\s*(?:=|!)=\s*"([^"]*)"$')
+no_args_assign = re.compile('(NAME|SYMLINK|OWNER|GROUP|MODE|TAG|PROGRAM|RUN|LABEL|GOTO|WAIT_FOR|OPTIONS|IMPORT)\s*(?:\+=|:=|=)\s*"([^"]*)"$')
+args_assign = re.compile('(ATTR|ENV|IMPORT|RUN){([a-zA-Z0-9/_.*%-]+)}\s*=\s*"([^"]*)"$')
+
+result = 0
+buffer = ''
+for path in sys.argv[1:]:
+    lineno = 0
+    for line in open(path):
+        lineno += 1
+
+        # handle line continuation
+        if line.endswith('\\\n'):
+            buffer += line[:-2]
+            continue
+        else:
+            line = buffer + line
+            buffer = ''
+
+        # filter out comments and empty lines
+        line = line.strip()
+        if not line or line.startswith('#'):
+            continue
+
+        for clause in line.split(','):
+            clause = clause.strip()
+            if not (no_args_tests.match(clause) or args_tests.match(clause) or
+                    no_args_assign.match(clause) or args_assign.match(clause)):
+
+                print('Invalid line %s:%i: %s' % (path, lineno, line))
+                print('  clause:', clause)
+                print()
+                result = 1
+                break
+
+sys.exit(result)
diff --git a/test/rules-test.sh b/test/rules-test.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..1e224ff8b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rules-test.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# Call the udev rule syntax checker on all rules that we ship
+#
+# (C) 2010 Canonical Ltd.
+# Author: Martin Pitt <martin.pitt@ubuntu.com>
+
+[ -n "$srcdir" ] || srcdir=`dirname $0`/..
+
+# skip if we don't have python
+type python >/dev/null 2>&1 || {
+        echo "$0: No python installed, skipping udev rule syntax check"
+        exit 0
+}
+
+$srcdir/test/rule-syntax-check.py `find $srcdir/rules -name '*.rules'`
diff --git a/test/sys.tar.xz b/test/sys.tar.xz
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..49ee8027b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/sys.tar.xz
diff --git a/test/udev-test.pl b/test/udev-test.pl
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..0a2571a1d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/udev-test.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,1560 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# udev test
+#
+# Provides automated testing of the udev binary.
+# The whole test is self contained in this file, except the matching sysfs tree.
+# Simply extend the @tests array, to add a new test variant.
+#
+# Every test is driven by its own temporary config file.
+# This program prepares the environment, creates the config and calls udev.
+#
+# udev parses the rules, looks at the provided sysfs and
+# first creates and then removes the device node.
+# After creation and removal the result is checked against the
+# expected value and the result is printed.
+#
+# Copyright (C) 2004-2011 Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org>
+# Copyright (C) 2004 Leann Ogasawara <ogasawara@osdl.org>
+
+use warnings;
+use strict;
+
+my $PWD                 = $ENV{PWD};
+my $sysfs               = "test/sys";
+my $udev_bin            = "./test-udev";
+my $valgrind            = 0;
+my $udev_bin_valgrind   = "valgrind --tool=memcheck --leak-check=yes --quiet $udev_bin";
+my $udev_root           = "udev-root";
+my $udev_conf           = "udev-test.conf";
+my $udev_rules          = "udev-test.rules";
+
+my @tests = (
+        {
+                desc            => "no rules",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "sda" ,
+                exp_rem_error   => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+#
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of scsi disc",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of scsi disc",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of scsi disc",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of scsi partition",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk1" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of pattern match",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk1" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="?ATA", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n-1"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA?", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n-2"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="A??", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATAS", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n-3"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of multiple sysfs files",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk1" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", ATTRS{model}=="ST910021AS X ", SYMLINK+="boot_diskX%n"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", ATTRS{model}=="ST910021AS", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "label test of max sysfs files (skip invalid rule)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "boot_disk1" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", ATTRS{model}=="ST910021AS", ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6", ATTRS{rev}=="4.06", ATTRS{type}=="0", ATTRS{queue_depth}=="32", SYMLINK+="boot_diskXX%n"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", ATTRS{model}=="ST910021AS", ATTRS{scsi_level}=="6", ATTRS{rev}=="4.06", ATTRS{type}=="0", SYMLINK+="boot_disk%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "catch device by *",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem/0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM*", SYMLINK+="modem/%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "catch device by * - take 2",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem/0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="*ACM1", SYMLINK+="bad"
+KERNEL=="*ACM0", SYMLINK+="modem/%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "catch device by ?",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem/0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM??*", SYMLINK+="modem/%n-1"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM??", SYMLINK+="modem/%n-2"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM?", SYMLINK+="modem/%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "catch device by character class",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem/0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[A-Z]*", SYMLINK+="modem/%n-1"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM?[0-9]", SYMLINK+="modem/%n-2"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="modem/%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "replace kernel name",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle comment lines in config file (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+# this is a comment
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle comment lines in config file with whitespace (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+ # this is a comment with whitespace before the comment
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle whitespace only lines (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "whitespace" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+
+
+
+ # this is a comment with whitespace before the comment
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="whitespace"
+
+
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle empty lines in config file (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle backslashed multi lines in config file (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", \\
+SYMLINK+="modem"
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "preserve backslashes, if they are not for a newline",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "aaa",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -e \\101", RESULT=="A", SYMLINK+="aaa"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "Handle stupid backslashed multi lines in config file (and replace kernel name)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+
+#
+\\
+
+\\
+
+#\\
+
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", \\
+        SYMLINK+="modem"
+
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "subdirectory handling",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "sub/direct/ory/modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="sub/direct/ory/modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "parent device name match of scsi partition",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "first_disk5" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="first_disk%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution chars",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "Major:8:minor:5:kernelnumber:5:id:0:0:0:0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="Major:%M:minor:%m:kernelnumber:%n:id:%b"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "import of shell-value file",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "subdir/err/node" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", IMPORT{file}="udev-test.conf", SYMLINK+="subdir/%E{udev_log}/node"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "import of shell-value returned from program",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node12345678",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", IMPORT{program}="/bin/echo -e \' TEST_KEY=12345678\\n  TEST_key2=98765\'", SYMLINK+="node\$env{TEST_KEY}"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "sustitution of sysfs value (%s{file})",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "disk-ATA-sda" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{vendor}=="ATA", SYMLINK+="disk-%s{vendor}-%k"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program result substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "special-device-5" ,
+                not_exp_name    => "not" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n special-device", RESULT=="-special-*", SYMLINK+="not"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n special-device", RESULT=="special-*", SYMLINK+="%c-%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program result substitution (newline removal)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "newline_removed" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo test", RESULT=="test", SYMLINK+="newline_removed"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program result substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "test-0:0:0:0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n test-%b", RESULT=="test-0:0*", SYMLINK+="%c"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program with lots of arguments",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "foo9" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n foo3 foo4 foo5 foo6 foo7 foo8 foo9", KERNEL=="sda5", SYMLINK+="%c{7}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program with subshell",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "bar9" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/sh -c 'echo foo3 foo4 foo5 foo6 foo7 foo8 foo9 | sed  s/foo9/bar9/'", KERNEL=="sda5", SYMLINK+="%c{7}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program arguments combined with apostrophes",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "foo7" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n 'foo3 foo4'   'foo5   foo6   foo7 foo8'", KERNEL=="sda5", SYMLINK+="%c{5}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "characters before the %c{N} substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "my-foo9" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n foo3 foo4 foo5 foo6 foo7 foo8 foo9", KERNEL=="sda5", SYMLINK+="my-%c{7}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "substitute the second to last argument",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "my-foo8" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n foo3 foo4 foo5 foo6 foo7 foo8 foo9", KERNEL=="sda5", SYMLINK+="my-%c{6}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution by variable name",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "Major:8-minor:5-kernelnumber:5-id:0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="Major:\$major-minor:\$minor-kernelnumber:\$number-id:\$id"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution by variable name 2",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "Major:8-minor:5-kernelnumber:5-id:0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", DEVPATH=="*/sda/*", SYMLINK+="Major:\$major-minor:%m-kernelnumber:\$number-id:\$id"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution by variable name 3",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "850:0:0:05" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", DEVPATH=="*/sda/*", SYMLINK+="%M%m%b%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution by variable name 4",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "855" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", DEVPATH=="*/sda/*", SYMLINK+="\$major\$minor\$number"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test substitution by variable name 5",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "8550:0:0:0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", DEVPATH=="*/sda/*", SYMLINK+="\$major%m%n\$id"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "non matching SUBSYSTEMS for device with no parent",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/tty/console",
+                exp_name        => "TTY",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n foo", RESULT=="foo", SYMLINK+="foo"
+KERNEL=="console", SYMLINK+="TTY"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "non matching SUBSYSTEMS",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/tty/console",
+                exp_name        => "TTY" ,
+                rules                => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="foo", ATTRS{dev}=="5:1", SYMLINK+="foo"
+KERNEL=="console", SYMLINK+="TTY"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ATTRS match",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/tty/console",
+                exp_name        => "foo" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="console", SYMLINK+="TTY"
+ATTRS{dev}=="5:1", SYMLINK+="foo"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ATTR (empty file)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "empty" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{test_empty_file}=="?*", SYMLINK+="something"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{test_empty_file}!="", SYMLINK+="not-empty"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{test_empty_file}=="", SYMLINK+="empty"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{test_empty_file}!="?*", SYMLINK+="not-something"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ATTR (non-existent file)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "non-existent" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{nofile}=="?*", SYMLINK+="something"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{nofile}!="", SYMLINK+="not-empty"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{nofile}=="", SYMLINK+="empty"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{nofile}!="?*", SYMLINK+="not-something"
+KERNEL=="sda", TEST!="nofile", SYMLINK+="non-existent"
+KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program and bus type match",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "scsi-0:0:0:0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n usb-%b", SYMLINK+="%c"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n scsi-%b", SYMLINK+="%c"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="foo", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n foo-%b", SYMLINK+="%c"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "sysfs parent hierarchy",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+ATTRS{idProduct}=="007b", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "name test with ! in the name",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/block/fake!blockdev0",
+                exp_name        => "is/a/fake/blockdev0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", SYMLINK+="is/not/a/%k"
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", SYMLINK+="is/a/%k"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "name test with ! in the name, but no matching rule",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/block/fake!blockdev0",
+                exp_name        => "fake/blockdev0" ,
+                exp_rem_error   => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="modem"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "KERNELS rule",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "scsi-0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="usb", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="not-scsi"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:1", SYMLINK+="no-match"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS==":0", SYMLINK+="short-id"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="/0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="no-match"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="scsi-0:0:0:0"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "KERNELS wildcard all",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "scsi-0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*:1", SYMLINK+="no-match"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*:0:1", SYMLINK+="no-match"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*:0:0:1", SYMLINK+="no-match"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*", SYMLINK+="scsi-0:0:0:0"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "KERNELS wildcard partial",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "scsi-0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*:0", SYMLINK+="scsi-0:0:0:0"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "KERNELS wildcard partial 2",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "scsi-0:0:0:0",
+                rules                => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="0:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNELS=="*:0:0:0", SYMLINK+="scsi-0:0:0:0"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "substitute attr with link target value (first match)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "driver-is-sd",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", SYMLINK+="driver-is-\$attr{driver}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "substitute attr with link target value (currently selected device)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "driver-is-ahci",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="pci", SYMLINK+="driver-is-\$attr{driver}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ignore ATTRS attribute whitespace",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "ignored",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{whitespace_test}=="WHITE  SPACE", SYMLINK+="ignored"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "do not ignore ATTRS attribute whitespace",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "matched-with-space",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{whitespace_test}=="WHITE  SPACE ", SYMLINK+="wrong-to-ignore"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", ATTRS{whitespace_test}=="WHITE  SPACE   ", SYMLINK+="matched-with-space"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions USER=bad GROUP=name",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/tty/tty33",
+                exp_name        => "tty33",
+                exp_perms       => "0:0:0600",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="tty33", SYMLINK+="tty33", OWNER="bad", GROUP="name"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions OWNER=5000",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => "5000::0600",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", OWNER="5000"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions GROUP=100",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => ":100:0660",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", GROUP="100"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "textual user id",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => "nobody::0600",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", OWNER="nobody"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "textual group id",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => ":daemon:0660",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", GROUP="daemon"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "textual user/group id",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => "root:mail:0660",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", OWNER="root", GROUP="mail"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions MODE=0777",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => "::0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", MODE="0777"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions OWNER=5000 GROUP=100 MODE=0777",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_perms       => "5000:100:0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", OWNER="5000", GROUP="100", MODE="0777"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions OWNER to 5000",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "5000::",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", OWNER="5000"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions GROUP to 100",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => ":100:0660",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", GROUP="100"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions MODE to 0060",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "::0060",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", MODE="0060"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions OWNER, GROUP, MODE",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "5000:100:0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", OWNER="5000", GROUP="100", MODE="0777"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions only rule",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "5000:100:0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", OWNER="5000", GROUP="100", MODE="0777"
+KERNEL=="ttyUSX[0-9]*", OWNER="5001", GROUP="101", MODE="0444"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "multiple permissions only rule",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "3000:4000:0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", OWNER="3000"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", GROUP="4000"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", MODE="0777"
+KERNEL=="ttyUSX[0-9]*", OWNER="5001", GROUP="101", MODE="0444"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "permissions only rule with override at SYMLINK+ rule",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "ttyACM0",
+                exp_perms       => "3000:8000:0777",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", OWNER="3000"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", GROUP="4000"
+SUBSYSTEM=="tty", MODE="0777"
+KERNEL=="ttyUSX[0-9]*", OWNER="5001", GROUP="101", MODE="0444"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", GROUP="8000"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "major/minor number test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_majorminor  => "8:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "big major number test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/misc/misc-fake1",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_majorminor  => "4095:1",
+                rules                => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="misc-fake1", SYMLINK+="node"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "big major and big minor number test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/misc/misc-fake89999",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                exp_majorminor  => "4095:89999",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="misc-fake89999", SYMLINK+="node"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "multiple symlinks with format char",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "symlink2-ttyACM0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK="symlink1-%n symlink2-%k symlink3-%b"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "multiple symlinks with a lot of s p a c e s",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "one",
+                not_exp_name        => " ",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK="  one     two        "
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink creation (same directory)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "modem0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", SYMLINK="modem%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "multiple symlinks",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "second-0" ,
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0", SYMLINK="first-%n second-%n third-%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink name '.'",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => ".",
+                exp_add_error        => "yes",
+                exp_rem_error        => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="."
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink node to itself",
+                devpath         => "/devices/virtual/tty/tty0",
+                exp_name        => "link",
+                exp_add_error        => "yes",
+                exp_rem_error        => "yes",
+                option                => "clean",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="tty0", SYMLINK+="tty0"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %n substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "symlink0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", SYMLINK+="symlink%n"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %k substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "symlink-ttyACM0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", SYMLINK+="symlink-%k"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %M:%m substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "major-166:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="ttyACM%n", SYMLINK+="major-%M:%m"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %b substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "symlink-0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="symlink-%b"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %c substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "test",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo test", SYMLINK+="%c"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %c{N} substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "test",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo symlink test this", SYMLINK+="%c{2}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %c{N+} substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "this",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo symlink test this", SYMLINK+="%c{2+}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink only rule with %c{N+}",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "test",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo link test this" SYMLINK+="%c{2+}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "symlink %s{filename} substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "166:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="%s{dev}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program result substitution (numbered part of)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "link1",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n node link1 link2", RESULT=="node *", SYMLINK+="%c{2} %c{3}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "program result substitution (numbered part of+)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda5",
+                exp_name        => "link4",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -n node link1 link2 link3 link4", RESULT=="node *", SYMLINK+="%c{2+}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "SUBSYSTEM match test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="should_not_match", SUBSYSTEM=="vc"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", SUBSYSTEM=="block"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="should_not_match2", SUBSYSTEM=="vc"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "DRIVERS match test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="should_not_match", DRIVERS=="sd-wrong"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="node", DRIVERS=="sd"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "devnode substitution test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda", PROGRAM=="/usr/bin/test -b %N" SYMLINK+="node"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "parent node name substitution test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "sda-part-1",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="%P-part-1"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "udev_root substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "start-udev-root-end",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="start-%r-end"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "last_rule option",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "last",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="last", OPTIONS="last_rule"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="very-last"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "negation KERNEL!=",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "match",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL!="sda1", SYMLINK+="matches-but-is-negated"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL!="xsda1", SYMLINK+="match"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "negation SUBSYSTEM!=",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "not-anything",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL!="sda1", SYMLINK+="matches-but-is-negated"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", SUBSYSTEM!="anything", SYMLINK+="not-anything"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "negation PROGRAM!= exit code",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "nonzero-program",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+KERNEL=="sda1", PROGRAM!="/bin/false", SYMLINK+="nonzero-program"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test for whitespace between the operator",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "true",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+KERNEL   ==   "sda1"     ,    SYMLINK+   =    "true"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ENV{} test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "true",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}="test"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="go", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="test", SYMLINK+="true"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="bad", SYMLINK+="bad"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ENV{} test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "true",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}="test"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="go", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="yes", ENV{ACTION}=="add", ENV{DEVPATH}=="*/block/sda/sdax1", SYMLINK+="no"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="test", ENV{ACTION}=="add", ENV{DEVPATH}=="*/block/sda/sda1", SYMLINK+="true"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ENV_KEY_TEST}=="bad", SYMLINK+="bad"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ENV{} test (assign)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "true",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}="true"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}=="yes", SYMLINK+="no"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}=="true", SYMLINK+="true"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ENV{} test (assign 2 times)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "true",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}="true"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}="absolutely-\$env{ASSIGN}"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="before"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}=="yes", SYMLINK+="no"
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{ASSIGN}=="absolutely-true", SYMLINK+="true"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "ENV{} test (assign2)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "part",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="*[0-9]", ENV{PARTITION}="true", ENV{MAINDEVICE}="false"
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", KERNEL=="*[!0-9]", ENV{PARTITION}="false", ENV{MAINDEVICE}="true"
+ENV{MAINDEVICE}=="true", SYMLINK+="disk"
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", SYMLINK+="before"
+ENV{PARTITION}=="true", SYMLINK+="part"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "untrusted string sanitize",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "sane",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -e name; (/usr/bin/badprogram)", RESULT=="name_ _/usr/bin/badprogram_", SYMLINK+="sane"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "untrusted string sanitize (don't replace utf8)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "uber",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -e \\xc3\\xbcber" RESULT=="\xc3\xbcber", SYMLINK+="uber"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "untrusted string sanitize (replace invalid utf8)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "replaced",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+SUBSYSTEMS=="scsi", KERNEL=="sda1", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo -e \\xef\\xe8garbage", RESULT=="__garbage", SYMLINK+="replaced"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "read sysfs value from parent device",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "serial-354172020305000",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM*", ATTRS{serial}=="?*", SYMLINK+="serial-%s{serial}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "match against empty key string",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "ok",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTRS{nothing}!="", SYMLINK+="not-1-ok"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTRS{nothing}=="", SYMLINK+="not-2-ok"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTRS{vendor}!="", SYMLINK+="ok"
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTRS{vendor}=="", SYMLINK+="not-3-ok"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "check ACTION value",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "ok",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+ACTION=="unknown", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="unknown-not-ok"
+ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="ok"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "final assignment",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "ok",
+                exp_perms       => "root:tty:0640",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", GROUP:="tty"
+KERNEL=="sda", GROUP="not-ok", MODE="0640", SYMLINK+="ok"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "final assignment 2",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "ok",
+                exp_perms       => "root:tty:0640",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", GROUP:="tty"
+SUBSYSTEM=="block", MODE:="640"
+KERNEL=="sda", GROUP="not-ok", MODE="0666", SYMLINK+="ok"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "env substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "node-add-me",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", MODE="0666", SYMLINK+="node-\$env{ACTION}-me"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "reset list to current value",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "three",
+                not_exp_name    => "two",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="one"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="two"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK="three"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test empty SYMLINK+ (empty override)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                not_exp_name    => "wrong",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK=""
+KERNEL=="ttyACM[0-9]*", SYMLINK+="right"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test multi matches",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="ttyACM*", SYMLINK+="before"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM*|nothing", SYMLINK+="right"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test multi matches 2",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="dontknow*|*nothing", SYMLINK+="nomatch"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM*", SYMLINK+="before"
+KERNEL=="dontknow*|ttyACM*|nothing*", SYMLINK+="right"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test multi matches 3",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="dontknow|nothing", SYMLINK+="nomatch"
+KERNEL=="dontknow|ttyACM0a|nothing|attyACM0", SYMLINK+="wrong1"
+KERNEL=="X|attyACM0|dontknow|ttyACM0a|nothing|attyACM0", SYMLINK+="wrong2"
+KERNEL=="dontknow|ttyACM0|nothing", SYMLINK+="right"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "test multi matches 4",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.7/usb5/5-2/5-2:1.0/tty/ttyACM0",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="dontknow|nothing", SYMLINK+="nomatch"
+KERNEL=="dontknow|ttyACM0a|nothing|attyACM0", SYMLINK+="wrong1"
+KERNEL=="X|attyACM0|dontknow|ttyACM0a|nothing|attyACM0", SYMLINK+="wrong2"
+KERNEL=="all|dontknow|ttyACM0", SYMLINK+="right"
+KERNEL=="ttyACM0a|nothing", SYMLINK+="wrong3"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "IMPORT parent test sequence 1/2 (keep)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "parent",
+                option          => "keep",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", IMPORT{program}="/bin/echo -e \'PARENT_KEY=parent_right\\nWRONG_PARENT_KEY=parent_wrong'"
+KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="parent"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "IMPORT parent test sequence 2/2 (keep)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "parentenv-parent_right",
+                option          => "clean",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda1", IMPORT{parent}="PARENT*", SYMLINK+="parentenv-\$env{PARENT_KEY}\$env{WRONG_PARENT_KEY}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "GOTO test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda1", GOTO="TEST"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+KERNEL=="sda1", GOTO="BAD"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="", LABEL="NO"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="right", LABEL="TEST", GOTO="end"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="wrong2", LABEL="BAD"
+LABEL="end"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "GOTO label does not exist",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda1", GOTO="does-not-exist"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="right",
+LABEL="exists"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "SYMLINK+ compare test",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "right",
+                not_exp_name    => "wrong",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="link"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK=="link*", SYMLINK+="right"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK=="nolink*", SYMLINK+="wrong"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "invalid key operation",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL="sda1", SYMLINK+="no"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="yes"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "operator chars in attribute",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", ATTR{test:colon+plus}=="?*", SYMLINK+="yes"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "overlong comment line",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda/sda1",
+                exp_name        => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+# 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+   # 012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+=="no"
+KERNEL=="sda1", SYMLINK+="yes"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "magic subsys/kernel lookup",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "00:16:41:e2:8d:ff",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="\$attr{[net/eth0]address}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST absolute path",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "there",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+TEST=="/etc/hosts", SYMLINK+="there"
+TEST!="/etc/hosts", SYMLINK+="notthere"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST subsys/kernel lookup",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", TEST=="[net/eth0]", SYMLINK+="yes"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST relative path",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "relative",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", TEST=="size", SYMLINK+="relative"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST wildcard substitution (find queue/nr_requests)",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "found-subdir",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", TEST=="*/nr_requests", SYMLINK+="found-subdir"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST MODE=0000",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "sda",
+                exp_perms       => "0:0:0000",
+                exp_rem_error   => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", MODE="0000"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST PROGRAM feeds OWNER, GROUP, MODE",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "sda",
+                exp_perms       => "5000:100:0400",
+                exp_rem_error   => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", MODE="666"
+KERNEL=="sda", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo 5000 100 0400", OWNER="%c{1}", GROUP="%c{2}", MODE="%c{3}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "TEST PROGRAM feeds MODE with overflow",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "sda",
+                exp_perms       => "0:0:0440",
+                exp_rem_error   => "yes",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", MODE="440"
+KERNEL=="sda", PROGRAM=="/bin/echo 0 0 0400letsdoabuffferoverflow0123456789012345789012345678901234567890", OWNER="%c{1}", GROUP="%c{2}", MODE="%c{3}"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "magic [subsys/sysname] attribute substitution",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "sda-8741C4G-end",
+                exp_perms       => "0:0:0600",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", PROGRAM="/bin/true create-envp"
+KERNEL=="sda", ENV{TESTENV}="change-envp"
+KERNEL=="sda", SYMLINK+="%k-%s{[dmi/id]product_name}-end"
+EOF
+        },
+        {
+                desc            => "builtin path_id",
+                devpath         => "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1f.2/host0/target0:0:0/0:0:0:0/block/sda",
+                exp_name        => "disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.2-scsi-0:0:0:0",
+                rules           => <<EOF
+KERNEL=="sda", IMPORT{builtin}="path_id"
+KERNEL=="sda", ENV{ID_PATH}=="?*", SYMLINK+="disk/by-path/\$env{ID_PATH}"
+EOF
+        },
+);
+
+# set env
+$ENV{UDEV_CONFIG_FILE} = $udev_conf;
+
+sub udev {
+        my ($action, $devpath, $rules) = @_;
+
+        # create temporary rules
+        open CONF, ">$udev_rules" || die "unable to create rules file: $udev_rules";
+        print CONF $$rules;
+        close CONF;
+
+        if ($valgrind > 0) {
+                system("$udev_bin_valgrind $action $devpath");
+        } else {
+                system("$udev_bin", "$action", "$devpath");
+        }
+}
+
+my $error = 0;
+
+sub permissions_test {
+        my($rules, $uid, $gid, $mode) = @_;
+
+        my $wrong = 0;
+        my $userid;
+        my $groupid;
+
+        $rules->{exp_perms} =~ m/^(.*):(.*):(.*)$/;
+        if ($1 ne "") {
+                if (defined(getpwnam($1))) {
+                        $userid = int(getpwnam($1));
+                } else {
+                        $userid = $1;
+                }
+                if ($uid != $userid) { $wrong = 1; }
+        }
+        if ($2 ne "") {
+                if (defined(getgrnam($2))) {
+                        $groupid = int(getgrnam($2));
+                } else {
+                        $groupid = $2;
+                }
+                if ($gid != $groupid) { $wrong = 1; }
+        }
+        if ($3 ne "") {
+                if (($mode & 07777) != oct($3)) { $wrong = 1; };
+        }
+        if ($wrong == 0) {
+                print "permissions: ok\n";
+        } else {
+                printf "  expected permissions are: %s:%s:%#o\n", $1, $2, oct($3);
+                printf "  created permissions are : %i:%i:%#o\n", $uid, $gid, $mode & 07777;
+                print "permissions: error\n";
+                $error++;
+                sleep(1);
+        }
+}
+
+sub major_minor_test {
+        my($rules, $rdev) = @_;
+
+        my $major = ($rdev >> 8) & 0xfff;
+        my $minor = ($rdev & 0xff) | (($rdev >> 12) & 0xfff00);
+        my $wrong = 0;
+
+        $rules->{exp_majorminor} =~ m/^(.*):(.*)$/;
+        if ($1 ne "") {
+                if ($major != $1) { $wrong = 1; };
+        }
+        if ($2 ne "") {
+                if ($minor != $2) { $wrong = 1; };
+        }
+        if ($wrong == 0) {
+                print "major:minor: ok\n";
+        } else {
+                printf "  expected major:minor is: %i:%i\n", $1, $2;
+                printf "  created major:minor is : %i:%i\n", $major, $minor;
+                print "major:minor: error\n";
+                $error++;
+                sleep(1);
+        }
+}
+
+sub make_udev_root {
+        system("rm -rf $udev_root");
+        mkdir($udev_root) || die "unable to create udev_root: $udev_root\n";
+        # setting group and mode of udev_root ensures the tests work
+        # even if the parent directory has setgid bit enabled.
+        chown (0, 0, $udev_root) || die "unable to chown $udev_root\n";
+        chmod (0755, $udev_root) || die "unable to chmod $udev_root\n";
+}
+
+sub run_test {
+        my ($rules, $number) = @_;
+
+        print "TEST $number: $rules->{desc}\n";
+        print "device \'$rules->{devpath}\' expecting node/link \'$rules->{exp_name}\'\n";
+
+        udev("add", $rules->{devpath}, \$rules->{rules});
+        if (defined($rules->{not_exp_name})) {
+                if ((-e "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{not_exp_name}") ||
+                    (-l "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{not_exp_name}")) {
+                        print "nonexistent: error \'$rules->{not_exp_name}\' not expected to be there\n";
+                        $error++;
+                        sleep(1);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if ((-e "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{exp_name}") ||
+            (-l "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{exp_name}")) {
+
+                my ($dev, $ino, $mode, $nlink, $uid, $gid, $rdev, $size,
+                    $atime, $mtime, $ctime, $blksize, $blocks) = stat("$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{exp_name}");
+
+                if (defined($rules->{exp_perms})) {
+                        permissions_test($rules, $uid, $gid, $mode);
+                }
+                if (defined($rules->{exp_majorminor})) {
+                        major_minor_test($rules, $rdev);
+                }
+                print "add:         ok\n";
+        } else {
+                print "add:         error";
+                if ($rules->{exp_add_error}) {
+                        print " as expected\n";
+                } else {
+                        print "\n";
+                        system("tree $udev_root");
+                        print "\n";
+                        $error++;
+                        sleep(1);
+                }
+        }
+
+        if (defined($rules->{option}) && $rules->{option} eq "keep") {
+                print "\n\n";
+                return;
+        }
+
+        udev("remove", $rules->{devpath}, \$rules->{rules});
+        if ((-e "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{exp_name}") ||
+            (-l "$PWD/$udev_root/$rules->{exp_name}")) {
+                print "remove:      error";
+                if ($rules->{exp_rem_error}) {
+                        print " as expected\n";
+                } else {
+                        print "\n";
+                        system("tree $udev_root");
+                        print "\n";
+                        $error++;
+                        sleep(1);
+                }
+        } else {
+                print "remove:      ok\n";
+        }
+
+        print "\n";
+
+        if (defined($rules->{option}) && $rules->{option} eq "clean") {
+                make_udev_root();
+        }
+
+}
+
+# only run if we have root permissions
+# due to mknod restrictions
+if (!($<==0)) {
+        print "Must have root permissions to run properly.\n";
+        exit;
+}
+
+# prepare
+make_udev_root();
+
+# create config file
+open CONF, ">$udev_conf" || die "unable to create config file: $udev_conf";
+print CONF "udev_root=\"$udev_root\"\n";
+print CONF "udev_run=\"$udev_root/.udev\"\n";
+print CONF "udev_sys=\"$sysfs\"\n";
+print CONF "udev_rules=\"$PWD\"\n";
+print CONF "udev_log=\"err\"\n";
+close CONF;
+
+my $test_num = 1;
+my @list;
+
+foreach my $arg (@ARGV) {
+        if ($arg =~ m/--valgrind/) {
+                $valgrind = 1;
+                printf("using valgrind\n");
+        } else {
+                push(@list, $arg);
+        }
+}
+
+if ($list[0]) {
+        foreach my $arg (@list) {
+                if (defined($tests[$arg-1]->{desc})) {
+                        print "udev-test will run test number $arg:\n\n";
+                        run_test($tests[$arg-1], $arg);
+                } else {
+                        print "test does not exist.\n";
+                }
+        }
+} else {
+        # test all
+        print "\nudev-test will run ".($#tests + 1)." tests:\n\n";
+
+        foreach my $rules (@tests) {
+                run_test($rules, $test_num);
+                $test_num++;
+        }
+}
+
+print "$error errors occured\n\n";
+
+# cleanup
+system("rm -rf $udev_root");
+unlink($udev_rules);
+unlink($udev_conf);
+
+if ($error > 0) {
+    exit(1);
+}
+exit(0);