Import serde_derive 1.0.152upstream/1.0.152upstream

26 files changed, 9172 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.cargo_vcs_info.json b/.cargo_vcs_info.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6b3c53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cargo_vcs_info.json
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "git": {
+    "sha1": "ccf9c6fc072378ea8c4f15df1024e258d35d6e61"
+  },
+  "path_in_vcs": "serde_derive"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6258d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED BY CARGO
+#
+# When uploading crates to the registry Cargo will automatically
+# "normalize" Cargo.toml files for maximal compatibility
+# with all versions of Cargo and also rewrite `path` dependencies
+# to registry (e.g., crates.io) dependencies.
+#
+# If you are reading this file be aware that the original Cargo.toml
+# will likely look very different (and much more reasonable).
+# See Cargo.toml.orig for the original contents.
+
+[package]
+rust-version = "1.31"
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.152"
+authors = [
+    "Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>",
+    "David Tolnay <dtolnay@gmail.com>",
+]
+include = [
+    "build.rs",
+    "src/**/*.rs",
+    "crates-io.md",
+    "README.md",
+    "LICENSE-APACHE",
+    "LICENSE-MIT",
+]
+description = "Macros 1.1 implementation of #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]"
+homepage = "https://serde.rs"
+documentation = "https://serde.rs/derive.html"
+readme = "crates-io.md"
+keywords = [
+    "serde",
+    "serialization",
+    "no_std",
+    "derive",
+]
+categories = ["no-std"]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+repository = "https://github.com/serde-rs/serde"
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+
+[lib]
+name = "serde_derive"
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies.proc-macro2]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[dependencies.quote]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[dependencies.syn]
+version = "1.0.104"
+
+[dev-dependencies.serde]
+version = "1.0"
+
+[features]
+default = []
+deserialize_in_place = []
diff --git a/Cargo.toml.orig b/Cargo.toml.orig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1366f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.toml.orig
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+[package]
+name = "serde_derive"
+version = "1.0.152" # remember to update html_root_url
+authors = ["Erick Tryzelaar <erick.tryzelaar@gmail.com>", "David Tolnay <dtolnay@gmail.com>"]
+categories = ["no-std"]
+description = "Macros 1.1 implementation of #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]"
+documentation = "https://serde.rs/derive.html"
+homepage = "https://serde.rs"
+include = ["build.rs", "src/**/*.rs", "crates-io.md", "README.md", "LICENSE-APACHE", "LICENSE-MIT"]
+keywords = ["serde", "serialization", "no_std", "derive"]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+readme = "crates-io.md"
+repository = "https://github.com/serde-rs/serde"
+rust-version = "1.31"
+
+[features]
+default = []
+deserialize_in_place = []
+
+[lib]
+name = "serde_derive"
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1.0"
+quote = "1.0"
+syn = "1.0.104"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+serde = { version = "1.0", path = "../serde" }
+
+[package.metadata.docs.rs]
+targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
diff --git a/LICENSE-APACHE b/LICENSE-APACHE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16fe87b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE-APACHE
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+                              Apache License
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+TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
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diff --git a/LICENSE-MIT b/LICENSE-MIT
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31aa793
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE-MIT
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any
+person obtaining a copy of this software and associated
+documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the
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+The above copyright notice and this permission notice
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+of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF
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+TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
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+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR
+IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3f6575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+# Serde &emsp; [![Build Status]][actions] [![Latest Version]][crates.io] [![serde: rustc 1.13+]][Rust 1.13] [![serde_derive: rustc 1.31+]][Rust 1.31]
+
+[Build Status]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/serde-rs/serde/ci.yml?branch=master
+[actions]: https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/actions?query=branch%3Amaster
+[Latest Version]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/serde.svg
+[crates.io]: https://crates.io/crates/serde
+[serde: rustc 1.13+]: https://img.shields.io/badge/serde-rustc_1.13+-lightgray.svg
+[serde_derive: rustc 1.31+]: https://img.shields.io/badge/serde_derive-rustc_1.31+-lightgray.svg
+[Rust 1.13]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2016/11/10/Rust-1.13.html
+[Rust 1.31]: https://blog.rust-lang.org/2018/12/06/Rust-1.31-and-rust-2018.html
+
+**Serde is a framework for *ser*ializing and *de*serializing Rust data structures efficiently and generically.**
+
+---
+
+You may be looking for:
+
+- [An overview of Serde](https://serde.rs/)
+- [Data formats supported by Serde](https://serde.rs/#data-formats)
+- [Setting up `#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]`](https://serde.rs/derive.html)
+- [Examples](https://serde.rs/examples.html)
+- [API documentation](https://docs.rs/serde)
+- [Release notes](https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/releases)
+
+## Serde in action
+
+<details>
+<summary>
+Click to show Cargo.toml.
+<a href="https://play.rust-lang.org/?edition=2018&gist=72755f28f99afc95e01d63174b28c1f5" target="_blank">Run this code in the playground.</a>
+</summary>
+
+```toml
+[dependencies]
+
+# The core APIs, including the Serialize and Deserialize traits. Always
+# required when using Serde. The "derive" feature is only required when
+# using #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)] to make Serde work with structs
+# and enums defined in your crate.
+serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+
+# Each data format lives in its own crate; the sample code below uses JSON
+# but you may be using a different one.
+serde_json = "1.0"
+```
+
+</details>
+<p></p>
+
+```rust
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+struct Point {
+    x: i32,
+    y: i32,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let point = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };
+
+    // Convert the Point to a JSON string.
+    let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&point).unwrap();
+
+    // Prints serialized = {"x":1,"y":2}
+    println!("serialized = {}", serialized);
+
+    // Convert the JSON string back to a Point.
+    let deserialized: Point = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
+
+    // Prints deserialized = Point { x: 1, y: 2 }
+    println!("deserialized = {:?}", deserialized);
+}
+```
+
+## Getting help
+
+Serde is one of the most widely used Rust libraries so any place that Rustaceans
+congregate will be able to help you out. For chat, consider trying the
+[#rust-questions] or [#rust-beginners] channels of the unofficial community
+Discord (invite: <https://discord.gg/rust-lang-community>), the [#rust-usage] or
+[#beginners] channels of the official Rust Project Discord (invite:
+<https://discord.gg/rust-lang>), or the [#general][zulip] stream in Zulip. For
+asynchronous, consider the [\[rust\] tag on StackOverflow][stackoverflow], the
+[/r/rust] subreddit which has a pinned weekly easy questions post, or the Rust
+[Discourse forum][discourse]. It's acceptable to file a support issue in this
+repo but they tend not to get as many eyes as any of the above and may get
+closed without a response after some time.
+
+[#rust-questions]: https://discord.com/channels/273534239310479360/274215136414400513
+[#rust-beginners]: https://discord.com/channels/273534239310479360/273541522815713281
+[#rust-usage]: https://discord.com/channels/442252698964721669/443150878111694848
+[#beginners]: https://discord.com/channels/442252698964721669/448238009733742612
+[zulip]: https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/122651-general
+[stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rust
+[/r/rust]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust
+[discourse]: https://users.rust-lang.org
+
+<br>
+
+#### License
+
+<sup>
+Licensed under either of <a href="LICENSE-APACHE">Apache License, Version
+2.0</a> or <a href="LICENSE-MIT">MIT license</a> at your option.
+</sup>
+
+<br>
+
+<sub>
+Unless you explicitly state otherwise, any contribution intentionally submitted
+for inclusion in Serde by you, as defined in the Apache-2.0 license, shall be
+dual licensed as above, without any additional terms or conditions.
+</sub>
diff --git a/build.rs b/build.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1249dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+use std::env;
+use std::process::Command;
+use std::str;
+
+// The rustc-cfg strings below are *not* public API. Please let us know by
+// opening a GitHub issue if your build environment requires some way to enable
+// these cfgs other than by executing our build script.
+fn main() {
+    println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=build.rs");
+
+    let minor = match rustc_minor_version() {
+        Some(minor) => minor,
+        None => return,
+    };
+
+    // Underscore const names stabilized in Rust 1.37:
+    // https://blog.rust-lang.org/2019/08/15/Rust-1.37.0.html#using-unnamed-const-items-for-macros
+    if minor < 37 {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=no_underscore_consts");
+    }
+
+    // The ptr::addr_of! macro stabilized in Rust 1.51:
+    // https://blog.rust-lang.org/2021/03/25/Rust-1.51.0.html#stabilized-apis
+    if minor < 51 {
+        println!("cargo:rustc-cfg=no_ptr_addr_of");
+    }
+}
+
+fn rustc_minor_version() -> Option<u32> {
+    let rustc = env::var_os("RUSTC")?;
+    let output = Command::new(rustc).arg("--version").output().ok()?;
+    let version = str::from_utf8(&output.stdout).ok()?;
+    let mut pieces = version.split('.');
+    if pieces.next() != Some("rustc 1") {
+        return None;
+    }
+    pieces.next()?.parse().ok()
+}
diff --git a/crates-io.md b/crates-io.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e0ec28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/crates-io.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+<!-- Serde readme rendered on crates.io -->
+
+**Serde is a framework for *ser*ializing and *de*serializing Rust data structures efficiently and generically.**
+
+---
+
+You may be looking for:
+
+- [An overview of Serde](https://serde.rs/)
+- [Data formats supported by Serde](https://serde.rs/#data-formats)
+- [Setting up `#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]`](https://serde.rs/derive.html)
+- [Examples](https://serde.rs/examples.html)
+- [API documentation](https://docs.rs/serde)
+- [Release notes](https://github.com/serde-rs/serde/releases)
+
+## Serde in action
+
+```rust
+use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+struct Point {
+    x: i32,
+    y: i32,
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let point = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };
+
+    // Convert the Point to a JSON string.
+    let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&point).unwrap();
+
+    // Prints serialized = {"x":1,"y":2}
+    println!("serialized = {}", serialized);
+
+    // Convert the JSON string back to a Point.
+    let deserialized: Point = serde_json::from_str(&serialized).unwrap();
+
+    // Prints deserialized = Point { x: 1, y: 2 }
+    println!("deserialized = {:?}", deserialized);
+}
+```
+
+## Getting help
+
+Serde is one of the most widely used Rust libraries so any place that Rustaceans
+congregate will be able to help you out. For chat, consider trying the
+[#rust-questions] or [#rust-beginners] channels of the unofficial community
+Discord (invite: <https://discord.gg/rust-lang-community>, the [#rust-usage] or
+[#beginners] channels of the official Rust Project Discord (invite:
+<https://discord.gg/rust-lang>), or the [#general][zulip] stream in Zulip. For
+asynchronous, consider the [\[rust\] tag on StackOverflow][stackoverflow], the
+[/r/rust] subreddit which has a pinned weekly easy questions post, or the Rust
+[Discourse forum][discourse]. It's acceptable to file a support issue in this
+repo but they tend not to get as many eyes as any of the above and may get
+closed without a response after some time.
+
+[#rust-questions]: https://discord.com/channels/273534239310479360/274215136414400513
+[#rust-beginners]: https://discord.com/channels/273534239310479360/273541522815713281
+[#rust-usage]: https://discord.com/channels/442252698964721669/443150878111694848
+[#beginners]: https://discord.com/channels/442252698964721669/448238009733742612
+[zulip]: https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/122651-general
+[stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/rust
+[/r/rust]: https://www.reddit.com/r/rust
+[discourse]: https://users.rust-lang.org
diff --git a/src/bound.rs b/src/bound.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74c9506
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bound.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,406 @@
+use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+use syn;
+use syn::punctuated::{Pair, Punctuated};
+
+use internals::ast::{Container, Data};
+use internals::{attr, ungroup};
+
+use proc_macro2::Span;
+
+// Remove the default from every type parameter because in the generated impls
+// they look like associated types: "error: associated type bindings are not
+// allowed here".
+pub fn without_defaults(generics: &syn::Generics) -> syn::Generics {
+    syn::Generics {
+        params: generics
+            .params
+            .iter()
+            .map(|param| match param {
+                syn::GenericParam::Type(param) => syn::GenericParam::Type(syn::TypeParam {
+                    eq_token: None,
+                    default: None,
+                    ..param.clone()
+                }),
+                _ => param.clone(),
+            })
+            .collect(),
+        ..generics.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn with_where_predicates(
+    generics: &syn::Generics,
+    predicates: &[syn::WherePredicate],
+) -> syn::Generics {
+    let mut generics = generics.clone();
+    generics
+        .make_where_clause()
+        .predicates
+        .extend(predicates.iter().cloned());
+    generics
+}
+
+pub fn with_where_predicates_from_fields(
+    cont: &Container,
+    generics: &syn::Generics,
+    from_field: fn(&attr::Field) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]>,
+) -> syn::Generics {
+    let predicates = cont
+        .data
+        .all_fields()
+        .filter_map(|field| from_field(&field.attrs))
+        .flat_map(<[syn::WherePredicate]>::to_vec);
+
+    let mut generics = generics.clone();
+    generics.make_where_clause().predicates.extend(predicates);
+    generics
+}
+
+pub fn with_where_predicates_from_variants(
+    cont: &Container,
+    generics: &syn::Generics,
+    from_variant: fn(&attr::Variant) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]>,
+) -> syn::Generics {
+    let variants = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => variants,
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => {
+            return generics.clone();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let predicates = variants
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|variant| from_variant(&variant.attrs))
+        .flat_map(<[syn::WherePredicate]>::to_vec);
+
+    let mut generics = generics.clone();
+    generics.make_where_clause().predicates.extend(predicates);
+    generics
+}
+
+// Puts the given bound on any generic type parameters that are used in fields
+// for which filter returns true.
+//
+// For example, the following struct needs the bound `A: Serialize, B:
+// Serialize`.
+//
+//     struct S<'b, A, B: 'b, C> {
+//         a: A,
+//         b: Option<&'b B>
+//         #[serde(skip_serializing)]
+//         c: C,
+//     }
+pub fn with_bound(
+    cont: &Container,
+    generics: &syn::Generics,
+    filter: fn(&attr::Field, Option<&attr::Variant>) -> bool,
+    bound: &syn::Path,
+) -> syn::Generics {
+    struct FindTyParams<'ast> {
+        // Set of all generic type parameters on the current struct (A, B, C in
+        // the example). Initialized up front.
+        all_type_params: HashSet<syn::Ident>,
+
+        // Set of generic type parameters used in fields for which filter
+        // returns true (A and B in the example). Filled in as the visitor sees
+        // them.
+        relevant_type_params: HashSet<syn::Ident>,
+
+        // Fields whose type is an associated type of one of the generic type
+        // parameters.
+        associated_type_usage: Vec<&'ast syn::TypePath>,
+    }
+
+    impl<'ast> FindTyParams<'ast> {
+        fn visit_field(&mut self, field: &'ast syn::Field) {
+            if let syn::Type::Path(ty) = ungroup(&field.ty) {
+                if let Some(Pair::Punctuated(t, _)) = ty.path.segments.pairs().next() {
+                    if self.all_type_params.contains(&t.ident) {
+                        self.associated_type_usage.push(ty);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            self.visit_type(&field.ty);
+        }
+
+        fn visit_path(&mut self, path: &'ast syn::Path) {
+            if let Some(seg) = path.segments.last() {
+                if seg.ident == "PhantomData" {
+                    // Hardcoded exception, because PhantomData<T> implements
+                    // Serialize and Deserialize whether or not T implements it.
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if path.leading_colon.is_none() && path.segments.len() == 1 {
+                let id = &path.segments[0].ident;
+                if self.all_type_params.contains(id) {
+                    self.relevant_type_params.insert(id.clone());
+                }
+            }
+            for segment in &path.segments {
+                self.visit_path_segment(segment);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Everything below is simply traversing the syntax tree.
+
+        fn visit_type(&mut self, ty: &'ast syn::Type) {
+            match ty {
+                syn::Type::Array(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::BareFn(ty) => {
+                    for arg in &ty.inputs {
+                        self.visit_type(&arg.ty);
+                    }
+                    self.visit_return_type(&ty.output);
+                }
+                syn::Type::Group(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::ImplTrait(ty) => {
+                    for bound in &ty.bounds {
+                        self.visit_type_param_bound(bound);
+                    }
+                }
+                syn::Type::Macro(ty) => self.visit_macro(&ty.mac),
+                syn::Type::Paren(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::Path(ty) => {
+                    if let Some(qself) = &ty.qself {
+                        self.visit_type(&qself.ty);
+                    }
+                    self.visit_path(&ty.path);
+                }
+                syn::Type::Ptr(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::Reference(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::Slice(ty) => self.visit_type(&ty.elem),
+                syn::Type::TraitObject(ty) => {
+                    for bound in &ty.bounds {
+                        self.visit_type_param_bound(bound);
+                    }
+                }
+                syn::Type::Tuple(ty) => {
+                    for elem in &ty.elems {
+                        self.visit_type(elem);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                syn::Type::Infer(_) | syn::Type::Never(_) | syn::Type::Verbatim(_) => {}
+
+                #[cfg_attr(all(test, exhaustive), deny(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns))]
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_path_segment(&mut self, segment: &'ast syn::PathSegment) {
+            self.visit_path_arguments(&segment.arguments);
+        }
+
+        fn visit_path_arguments(&mut self, arguments: &'ast syn::PathArguments) {
+            match arguments {
+                syn::PathArguments::None => {}
+                syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(arguments) => {
+                    for arg in &arguments.args {
+                        match arg {
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Type(arg) => self.visit_type(arg),
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Binding(arg) => self.visit_type(&arg.ty),
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(_)
+                            | syn::GenericArgument::Constraint(_)
+                            | syn::GenericArgument::Const(_) => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                syn::PathArguments::Parenthesized(arguments) => {
+                    for argument in &arguments.inputs {
+                        self.visit_type(argument);
+                    }
+                    self.visit_return_type(&arguments.output);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_return_type(&mut self, return_type: &'ast syn::ReturnType) {
+            match return_type {
+                syn::ReturnType::Default => {}
+                syn::ReturnType::Type(_, output) => self.visit_type(output),
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_type_param_bound(&mut self, bound: &'ast syn::TypeParamBound) {
+            match bound {
+                syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(bound) => self.visit_path(&bound.path),
+                syn::TypeParamBound::Lifetime(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Type parameter should not be considered used by a macro path.
+        //
+        //     struct TypeMacro<T> {
+        //         mac: T!(),
+        //         marker: PhantomData<T>,
+        //     }
+        fn visit_macro(&mut self, _mac: &'ast syn::Macro) {}
+    }
+
+    let all_type_params = generics
+        .type_params()
+        .map(|param| param.ident.clone())
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut visitor = FindTyParams {
+        all_type_params,
+        relevant_type_params: HashSet::new(),
+        associated_type_usage: Vec::new(),
+    };
+    match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => {
+            for variant in variants.iter() {
+                let relevant_fields = variant
+                    .fields
+                    .iter()
+                    .filter(|field| filter(&field.attrs, Some(&variant.attrs)));
+                for field in relevant_fields {
+                    visitor.visit_field(field.original);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Data::Struct(_, fields) => {
+            for field in fields.iter().filter(|field| filter(&field.attrs, None)) {
+                visitor.visit_field(field.original);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    let relevant_type_params = visitor.relevant_type_params;
+    let associated_type_usage = visitor.associated_type_usage;
+    let new_predicates = generics
+        .type_params()
+        .map(|param| param.ident.clone())
+        .filter(|id| relevant_type_params.contains(id))
+        .map(|id| syn::TypePath {
+            qself: None,
+            path: id.into(),
+        })
+        .chain(associated_type_usage.into_iter().cloned())
+        .map(|bounded_ty| {
+            syn::WherePredicate::Type(syn::PredicateType {
+                lifetimes: None,
+                // the type parameter that is being bounded e.g. T
+                bounded_ty: syn::Type::Path(bounded_ty),
+                colon_token: <Token![:]>::default(),
+                // the bound e.g. Serialize
+                bounds: vec![syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
+                    paren_token: None,
+                    modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
+                    lifetimes: None,
+                    path: bound.clone(),
+                })]
+                .into_iter()
+                .collect(),
+            })
+        });
+
+    let mut generics = generics.clone();
+    generics
+        .make_where_clause()
+        .predicates
+        .extend(new_predicates);
+    generics
+}
+
+pub fn with_self_bound(
+    cont: &Container,
+    generics: &syn::Generics,
+    bound: &syn::Path,
+) -> syn::Generics {
+    let mut generics = generics.clone();
+    generics
+        .make_where_clause()
+        .predicates
+        .push(syn::WherePredicate::Type(syn::PredicateType {
+            lifetimes: None,
+            // the type that is being bounded e.g. MyStruct<'a, T>
+            bounded_ty: type_of_item(cont),
+            colon_token: <Token![:]>::default(),
+            // the bound e.g. Default
+            bounds: vec![syn::TypeParamBound::Trait(syn::TraitBound {
+                paren_token: None,
+                modifier: syn::TraitBoundModifier::None,
+                lifetimes: None,
+                path: bound.clone(),
+            })]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect(),
+        }));
+    generics
+}
+
+pub fn with_lifetime_bound(generics: &syn::Generics, lifetime: &str) -> syn::Generics {
+    let bound = syn::Lifetime::new(lifetime, Span::call_site());
+    let def = syn::LifetimeDef {
+        attrs: Vec::new(),
+        lifetime: bound.clone(),
+        colon_token: None,
+        bounds: Punctuated::new(),
+    };
+
+    let params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(def))
+        .into_iter()
+        .chain(generics.params.iter().cloned().map(|mut param| {
+            match &mut param {
+                syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(param) => {
+                    param.bounds.push(bound.clone());
+                }
+                syn::GenericParam::Type(param) => {
+                    param
+                        .bounds
+                        .push(syn::TypeParamBound::Lifetime(bound.clone()));
+                }
+                syn::GenericParam::Const(_) => {}
+            }
+            param
+        }))
+        .collect();
+
+    syn::Generics {
+        params,
+        ..generics.clone()
+    }
+}
+
+fn type_of_item(cont: &Container) -> syn::Type {
+    syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+        qself: None,
+        path: syn::Path {
+            leading_colon: None,
+            segments: vec![syn::PathSegment {
+                ident: cont.ident.clone(),
+                arguments: syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(
+                    syn::AngleBracketedGenericArguments {
+                        colon2_token: None,
+                        lt_token: <Token![<]>::default(),
+                        args: cont
+                            .generics
+                            .params
+                            .iter()
+                            .map(|param| match param {
+                                syn::GenericParam::Type(param) => {
+                                    syn::GenericArgument::Type(syn::Type::Path(syn::TypePath {
+                                        qself: None,
+                                        path: param.ident.clone().into(),
+                                    }))
+                                }
+                                syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(param) => {
+                                    syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(param.lifetime.clone())
+                                }
+                                syn::GenericParam::Const(_) => {
+                                    panic!("Serde does not support const generics yet");
+                                }
+                            })
+                            .collect(),
+                        gt_token: <Token![>]>::default(),
+                    },
+                ),
+            }]
+            .into_iter()
+            .collect(),
+        },
+    })
+}
diff --git a/src/de.rs b/src/de.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a703ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/de.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,3142 @@
+use proc_macro2::{Literal, Span, TokenStream};
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::{self, Ident, Index, Member};
+
+use bound;
+use dummy;
+use fragment::{Expr, Fragment, Match, Stmts};
+use internals::ast::{Container, Data, Field, Style, Variant};
+use internals::{attr, replace_receiver, ungroup, Ctxt, Derive};
+use pretend;
+use this;
+
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use std::ptr;
+
+pub fn expand_derive_deserialize(
+    input: &mut syn::DeriveInput,
+) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    replace_receiver(input);
+
+    let ctxt = Ctxt::new();
+    let cont = match Container::from_ast(&ctxt, input, Derive::Deserialize) {
+        Some(cont) => cont,
+        None => return Err(ctxt.check().unwrap_err()),
+    };
+    precondition(&ctxt, &cont);
+    ctxt.check()?;
+
+    let ident = &cont.ident;
+    let params = Parameters::new(&cont);
+    let (de_impl_generics, _, ty_generics, where_clause) = split_with_de_lifetime(&params);
+    let body = Stmts(deserialize_body(&cont, &params));
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+    let serde = cont.attrs.serde_path();
+
+    let impl_block = if let Some(remote) = cont.attrs.remote() {
+        let vis = &input.vis;
+        let used = pretend::pretend_used(&cont, params.is_packed);
+        quote! {
+            impl #de_impl_generics #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+                #vis fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> #serde::__private::Result<#remote #ty_generics, __D::Error>
+                where
+                    __D: #serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+                {
+                    #used
+                    #body
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        let fn_deserialize_in_place = deserialize_in_place_body(&cont, &params);
+
+        quote! {
+            #[automatically_derived]
+            impl #de_impl_generics #serde::Deserialize<#delife> for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+                fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> #serde::__private::Result<Self, __D::Error>
+                where
+                    __D: #serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+                {
+                    #body
+                }
+
+                #fn_deserialize_in_place
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(dummy::wrap_in_const(
+        cont.attrs.custom_serde_path(),
+        "DESERIALIZE",
+        ident,
+        impl_block,
+    ))
+}
+
+fn precondition(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    precondition_sized(cx, cont);
+    precondition_no_de_lifetime(cx, cont);
+}
+
+fn precondition_sized(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    if let Data::Struct(_, fields) = &cont.data {
+        if let Some(last) = fields.last() {
+            if let syn::Type::Slice(_) = ungroup(last.ty) {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "cannot deserialize a dynamically sized struct",
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn precondition_no_de_lifetime(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    if let BorrowedLifetimes::Borrowed(_) = borrowed_lifetimes(cont) {
+        for param in cont.generics.lifetimes() {
+            if param.lifetime.to_string() == "'de" {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    &param.lifetime,
+                    "cannot deserialize when there is a lifetime parameter called 'de",
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Parameters {
+    /// Name of the type the `derive` is on.
+    local: syn::Ident,
+
+    /// Path to the type the impl is for. Either a single `Ident` for local
+    /// types (does not include generic parameters) or `some::remote::Path` for
+    /// remote types.
+    this_type: syn::Path,
+
+    /// Same as `this_type` but using `::<T>` for generic parameters for use in
+    /// expression position.
+    this_value: syn::Path,
+
+    /// Generics including any explicit and inferred bounds for the impl.
+    generics: syn::Generics,
+
+    /// Lifetimes borrowed from the deserializer. These will become bounds on
+    /// the `'de` lifetime of the deserializer.
+    borrowed: BorrowedLifetimes,
+
+    /// At least one field has a serde(getter) attribute, implying that the
+    /// remote type has a private field.
+    has_getter: bool,
+
+    /// Type has a repr(packed) attribute.
+    is_packed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Parameters {
+    fn new(cont: &Container) -> Self {
+        let local = cont.ident.clone();
+        let this_type = this::this_type(cont);
+        let this_value = this::this_value(cont);
+        let borrowed = borrowed_lifetimes(cont);
+        let generics = build_generics(cont, &borrowed);
+        let has_getter = cont.data.has_getter();
+        let is_packed = cont.attrs.is_packed();
+
+        Parameters {
+            local,
+            this_type,
+            this_value,
+            generics,
+            borrowed,
+            has_getter,
+            is_packed,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Type name to use in error messages and `&'static str` arguments to
+    /// various Deserializer methods.
+    fn type_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.this_type.segments.last().unwrap().ident.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+// All the generics in the input, plus a bound `T: Deserialize` for each generic
+// field type that will be deserialized by us, plus a bound `T: Default` for
+// each generic field type that will be set to a default value.
+fn build_generics(cont: &Container, borrowed: &BorrowedLifetimes) -> syn::Generics {
+    let generics = bound::without_defaults(cont.generics);
+
+    let generics = bound::with_where_predicates_from_fields(cont, &generics, attr::Field::de_bound);
+
+    let generics =
+        bound::with_where_predicates_from_variants(cont, &generics, attr::Variant::de_bound);
+
+    match cont.attrs.de_bound() {
+        Some(predicates) => bound::with_where_predicates(&generics, predicates),
+        None => {
+            let generics = match *cont.attrs.default() {
+                attr::Default::Default => bound::with_self_bound(
+                    cont,
+                    &generics,
+                    &parse_quote!(_serde::__private::Default),
+                ),
+                attr::Default::None | attr::Default::Path(_) => generics,
+            };
+
+            let delife = borrowed.de_lifetime();
+            let generics = bound::with_bound(
+                cont,
+                &generics,
+                needs_deserialize_bound,
+                &parse_quote!(_serde::Deserialize<#delife>),
+            );
+
+            bound::with_bound(
+                cont,
+                &generics,
+                requires_default,
+                &parse_quote!(_serde::__private::Default),
+            )
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Fields with a `skip_deserializing` or `deserialize_with` attribute, or which
+// belong to a variant with a `skip_deserializing` or `deserialize_with`
+// attribute, are not deserialized by us so we do not generate a bound. Fields
+// with a `bound` attribute specify their own bound so we do not generate one.
+// All other fields may need a `T: Deserialize` bound where T is the type of the
+// field.
+fn needs_deserialize_bound(field: &attr::Field, variant: Option<&attr::Variant>) -> bool {
+    !field.skip_deserializing()
+        && field.deserialize_with().is_none()
+        && field.de_bound().is_none()
+        && variant.map_or(true, |variant| {
+            !variant.skip_deserializing()
+                && variant.deserialize_with().is_none()
+                && variant.de_bound().is_none()
+        })
+}
+
+// Fields with a `default` attribute (not `default=...`), and fields with a
+// `skip_deserializing` attribute that do not also have `default=...`.
+fn requires_default(field: &attr::Field, _variant: Option<&attr::Variant>) -> bool {
+    if let attr::Default::Default = *field.default() {
+        true
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
+}
+
+enum BorrowedLifetimes {
+    Borrowed(BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>),
+    Static,
+}
+
+impl BorrowedLifetimes {
+    fn de_lifetime(&self) -> syn::Lifetime {
+        match *self {
+            BorrowedLifetimes::Borrowed(_) => syn::Lifetime::new("'de", Span::call_site()),
+            BorrowedLifetimes::Static => syn::Lifetime::new("'static", Span::call_site()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn de_lifetime_def(&self) -> Option<syn::LifetimeDef> {
+        match self {
+            BorrowedLifetimes::Borrowed(bounds) => Some(syn::LifetimeDef {
+                attrs: Vec::new(),
+                lifetime: syn::Lifetime::new("'de", Span::call_site()),
+                colon_token: None,
+                bounds: bounds.iter().cloned().collect(),
+            }),
+            BorrowedLifetimes::Static => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// The union of lifetimes borrowed by each field of the container.
+//
+// These turn into bounds on the `'de` lifetime of the Deserialize impl. If
+// lifetimes `'a` and `'b` are borrowed but `'c` is not, the impl is:
+//
+//     impl<'de: 'a + 'b, 'a, 'b, 'c> Deserialize<'de> for S<'a, 'b, 'c>
+//
+// If any borrowed lifetime is `'static`, then `'de: 'static` would be redundant
+// and we use plain `'static` instead of `'de`.
+fn borrowed_lifetimes(cont: &Container) -> BorrowedLifetimes {
+    let mut lifetimes = BTreeSet::new();
+    for field in cont.data.all_fields() {
+        if !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+            lifetimes.extend(field.attrs.borrowed_lifetimes().iter().cloned());
+        }
+    }
+    if lifetimes.iter().any(|b| b.to_string() == "'static") {
+        BorrowedLifetimes::Static
+    } else {
+        BorrowedLifetimes::Borrowed(lifetimes)
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_body(cont: &Container, params: &Parameters) -> Fragment {
+    if cont.attrs.transparent() {
+        deserialize_transparent(cont, params)
+    } else if let Some(type_from) = cont.attrs.type_from() {
+        deserialize_from(type_from)
+    } else if let Some(type_try_from) = cont.attrs.type_try_from() {
+        deserialize_try_from(type_try_from)
+    } else if let attr::Identifier::No = cont.attrs.identifier() {
+        match &cont.data {
+            Data::Enum(variants) => deserialize_enum(params, variants, &cont.attrs),
+            Data::Struct(Style::Struct, fields) => {
+                deserialize_struct(None, params, fields, &cont.attrs, None, &Untagged::No)
+            }
+            Data::Struct(Style::Tuple, fields) | Data::Struct(Style::Newtype, fields) => {
+                deserialize_tuple(None, params, fields, &cont.attrs, None)
+            }
+            Data::Struct(Style::Unit, _) => deserialize_unit_struct(params, &cont.attrs),
+        }
+    } else {
+        match &cont.data {
+            Data::Enum(variants) => deserialize_custom_identifier(params, variants, &cont.attrs),
+            Data::Struct(_, _) => unreachable!("checked in serde_derive_internals"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_in_place_body(cont: &Container, params: &Parameters) -> Option<Stmts> {
+    // Only remote derives have getters, and we do not generate
+    // deserialize_in_place for remote derives.
+    assert!(!params.has_getter);
+
+    if cont.attrs.transparent()
+        || cont.attrs.type_from().is_some()
+        || cont.attrs.type_try_from().is_some()
+        || cont.attrs.identifier().is_some()
+        || cont
+            .data
+            .all_fields()
+            .all(|f| f.attrs.deserialize_with().is_some())
+    {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let code = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Struct(Style::Struct, fields) => {
+            deserialize_struct_in_place(None, params, fields, &cont.attrs, None)?
+        }
+        Data::Struct(Style::Tuple, fields) | Data::Struct(Style::Newtype, fields) => {
+            deserialize_tuple_in_place(None, params, fields, &cont.attrs, None)
+        }
+        Data::Enum(_) | Data::Struct(Style::Unit, _) => {
+            return None;
+        }
+    };
+
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+    let stmts = Stmts(code);
+
+    let fn_deserialize_in_place = quote_block! {
+        fn deserialize_in_place<__D>(__deserializer: __D, __place: &mut Self) -> _serde::__private::Result<(), __D::Error>
+        where
+            __D: _serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+        {
+            #stmts
+        }
+    };
+
+    Some(Stmts(fn_deserialize_in_place))
+}
+
+#[cfg(not(feature = "deserialize_in_place"))]
+fn deserialize_in_place_body(_cont: &Container, _params: &Parameters) -> Option<Stmts> {
+    None
+}
+
+fn deserialize_transparent(cont: &Container, params: &Parameters) -> Fragment {
+    let fields = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Struct(_, fields) => fields,
+        Data::Enum(_) => unreachable!(),
+    };
+
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let transparent_field = fields.iter().find(|f| f.attrs.transparent()).unwrap();
+
+    let path = match transparent_field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        Some(path) => quote!(#path),
+        None => {
+            let span = transparent_field.original.span();
+            quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Deserialize::deserialize)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let assign = fields.iter().map(|field| {
+        let member = &field.member;
+        if ptr::eq(field, transparent_field) {
+            quote!(#member: __transparent)
+        } else {
+            let value = match field.attrs.default() {
+                attr::Default::Default => quote!(_serde::__private::Default::default()),
+                attr::Default::Path(path) => quote!(#path()),
+                attr::Default::None => quote!(_serde::__private::PhantomData),
+            };
+            quote!(#member: #value)
+        }
+    });
+
+    quote_block! {
+        _serde::__private::Result::map(
+            #path(__deserializer),
+            |__transparent| #this_value { #(#assign),* })
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_from(type_from: &syn::Type) -> Fragment {
+    quote_block! {
+        _serde::__private::Result::map(
+            <#type_from as _serde::Deserialize>::deserialize(__deserializer),
+            _serde::__private::From::from)
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_try_from(type_try_from: &syn::Type) -> Fragment {
+    quote_block! {
+        _serde::__private::Result::and_then(
+            <#type_try_from as _serde::Deserialize>::deserialize(__deserializer),
+            |v| _serde::__private::TryFrom::try_from(v).map_err(_serde::de::Error::custom))
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_unit_struct(params: &Parameters, cattrs: &attr::Container) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+
+    let expecting = format!("unit struct {}", params.type_name());
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    quote_block! {
+        struct __Visitor;
+
+        impl<'de> _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __Visitor {
+            type Value = #this_type;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_unit<__E>(self) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value)
+            }
+        }
+
+        _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_unit_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, __Visitor)
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_tuple(
+    variant_ident: Option<&syn::Ident>,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: Option<TokenStream>,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    assert!(!cattrs.has_flatten());
+
+    // If there are getters (implying private fields), construct the local type
+    // and use an `Into` conversion to get the remote type. If there are no
+    // getters then construct the target type directly.
+    let construct = if params.has_getter {
+        let local = &params.local;
+        quote!(#local)
+    } else {
+        quote!(#this_value)
+    };
+
+    let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
+    let type_path = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => quote!(#construct::#variant_ident),
+        None => construct,
+    };
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("tuple variant {}::{}", params.type_name(), variant_ident),
+        None => format!("tuple struct {}", params.type_name()),
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let nfields = fields.len();
+
+    let visit_newtype_struct = if !is_enum && nfields == 1 {
+        Some(deserialize_newtype_struct(&type_path, params, &fields[0]))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let visit_seq = Stmts(deserialize_seq(
+        &type_path, params, fields, false, cattrs, expecting,
+    ));
+
+    let visitor_expr = quote! {
+        __Visitor {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+        }
+    };
+    let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_tuple(#deserializer, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    } else if is_enum {
+        quote!(_serde::de::VariantAccess::tuple_variant(__variant, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    } else if nfields == 1 {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_newtype_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, #visitor_expr))
+    } else {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_tuple_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let visitor_var = if all_skipped {
+        quote!(_)
+    } else {
+        quote!(mut __seq)
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            #visit_newtype_struct
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_seq<__A>(self, #visitor_var: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::SeqAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #visit_seq
+            }
+        }
+
+        #dispatch
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_tuple_in_place(
+    variant_ident: Option<syn::Ident>,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: Option<TokenStream>,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    assert!(!cattrs.has_flatten());
+
+    let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("tuple variant {}::{}", params.type_name(), variant_ident),
+        None => format!("tuple struct {}", params.type_name()),
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let nfields = fields.len();
+
+    let visit_newtype_struct = if !is_enum && nfields == 1 {
+        Some(deserialize_newtype_struct_in_place(params, &fields[0]))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let visit_seq = Stmts(deserialize_seq_in_place(params, fields, cattrs, expecting));
+
+    let visitor_expr = quote! {
+        __Visitor {
+            place: __place,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+        }
+    };
+
+    let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_tuple(#deserializer, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    } else if is_enum {
+        quote!(_serde::de::VariantAccess::tuple_variant(__variant, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    } else if nfields == 1 {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_newtype_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, #visitor_expr))
+    } else {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_tuple_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, #nfields, #visitor_expr))
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let visitor_var = if all_skipped {
+        quote!(_)
+    } else {
+        quote!(mut __seq)
+    };
+
+    let in_place_impl_generics = de_impl_generics.in_place();
+    let in_place_ty_generics = de_ty_generics.in_place();
+    let place_life = place_lifetime();
+
+    quote_block! {
+        struct __Visitor #in_place_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            place: &#place_life mut #this_type #ty_generics,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #in_place_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #in_place_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = ();
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            #visit_newtype_struct
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_seq<__A>(self, #visitor_var: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::SeqAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #visit_seq
+            }
+        }
+
+        #dispatch
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_seq(
+    type_path: &TokenStream,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    is_struct: bool,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    expecting: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let vars = (0..fields.len()).map(field_i as fn(_) -> _);
+
+    let deserialized_count = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|field| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .count();
+    let expecting = if deserialized_count == 1 {
+        format!("{} with 1 element", expecting)
+    } else {
+        format!("{} with {} elements", expecting, deserialized_count)
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let mut index_in_seq = 0_usize;
+    let let_values = vars.clone().zip(fields).map(|(var, field)| {
+        if field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+            let default = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+            quote! {
+                let #var = #default;
+            }
+        } else {
+            let visit = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+                None => {
+                    let field_ty = field.ty;
+                    let span = field.original.span();
+                    let func =
+                        quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element::<#field_ty>);
+                    quote!(try!(#func(&mut __seq)))
+                }
+                Some(path) => {
+                    let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) = wrap_deserialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path);
+                    quote!({
+                        #wrapper
+                        _serde::__private::Option::map(
+                            try!(_serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element::<#wrapper_ty>(&mut __seq)),
+                            |__wrap| __wrap.value)
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+            let value_if_none = match field.attrs.default() {
+                attr::Default::Default => quote!(_serde::__private::Default::default()),
+                attr::Default::Path(path) => quote!(#path()),
+                attr::Default::None => quote!(
+                    return _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(#index_in_seq, &#expecting));
+                ),
+            };
+            let assign = quote! {
+                let #var = match #visit {
+                    _serde::__private::Some(__value) => __value,
+                    _serde::__private::None => {
+                        #value_if_none
+                    }
+                };
+            };
+            index_in_seq += 1;
+            assign
+        }
+    });
+
+    let mut result = if is_struct {
+        let names = fields.iter().map(|f| &f.member);
+        quote! {
+            #type_path { #( #names: #vars ),* }
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            #type_path ( #(#vars),* )
+        }
+    };
+
+    if params.has_getter {
+        let this_type = &params.this_type;
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+        result = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Into::<#this_type #ty_generics>::into(#result)
+        };
+    }
+
+    let let_default = match cattrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: Self::Value = _serde::__private::Default::default();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::Path(path) => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: Self::Value = #path();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::None => {
+            // We don't need the default value, to prevent an unused variable warning
+            // we'll leave the line empty.
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #let_default
+        #(#let_values)*
+        _serde::__private::Ok(#result)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_seq_in_place(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    expecting: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let deserialized_count = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|field| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .count();
+    let expecting = if deserialized_count == 1 {
+        format!("{} with 1 element", expecting)
+    } else {
+        format!("{} with {} elements", expecting, deserialized_count)
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let mut index_in_seq = 0usize;
+    let write_values = fields.iter().map(|field| {
+        let member = &field.member;
+
+        if field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+            let default = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+            quote! {
+                self.place.#member = #default;
+            }
+        } else {
+            let value_if_none = match field.attrs.default() {
+                attr::Default::Default => quote!(
+                    self.place.#member = _serde::__private::Default::default();
+                ),
+                attr::Default::Path(path) => quote!(
+                    self.place.#member = #path();
+                ),
+                attr::Default::None => quote!(
+                    return _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(#index_in_seq, &#expecting));
+                ),
+            };
+            let write = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+                None => {
+                    quote! {
+                        if let _serde::__private::None = try!(_serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element_seed(&mut __seq,
+                            _serde::__private::de::InPlaceSeed(&mut self.place.#member)))
+                        {
+                            #value_if_none
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(path) => {
+                    let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) = wrap_deserialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path);
+                    quote!({
+                        #wrapper
+                        match try!(_serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element::<#wrapper_ty>(&mut __seq)) {
+                            _serde::__private::Some(__wrap) => {
+                                self.place.#member = __wrap.value;
+                            }
+                            _serde::__private::None => {
+                                #value_if_none
+                            }
+                        }
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+            index_in_seq += 1;
+            write
+        }
+    });
+
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (_, ty_generics, _) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+    let let_default = match cattrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: #this_type #ty_generics = _serde::__private::Default::default();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::Path(path) => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: #this_type #ty_generics = #path();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::None => {
+            // We don't need the default value, to prevent an unused variable warning
+            // we'll leave the line empty.
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #let_default
+        #(#write_values)*
+        _serde::__private::Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_newtype_struct(
+    type_path: &TokenStream,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field: &Field,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+    let field_ty = field.ty;
+
+    let value = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        None => {
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> <#field_ty as _serde::Deserialize>::deserialize);
+            quote! {
+                try!(#func(__e))
+            }
+        }
+        Some(path) => {
+            quote! {
+                try!(#path(__e))
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut result = quote!(#type_path(__field0));
+    if params.has_getter {
+        let this_type = &params.this_type;
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+        result = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Into::<#this_type #ty_generics>::into(#result)
+        };
+    }
+
+    quote! {
+        #[inline]
+        fn visit_newtype_struct<__E>(self, __e: __E) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E::Error>
+        where
+            __E: _serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+        {
+            let __field0: #field_ty = #value;
+            _serde::__private::Ok(#result)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_newtype_struct_in_place(params: &Parameters, field: &Field) -> TokenStream {
+    // We do not generate deserialize_in_place if every field has a
+    // deserialize_with.
+    assert!(field.attrs.deserialize_with().is_none());
+
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    quote! {
+        #[inline]
+        fn visit_newtype_struct<__E>(self, __e: __E) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E::Error>
+        where
+            __E: _serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+        {
+            _serde::Deserialize::deserialize_in_place(__e, &mut self.place.0)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum Untagged {
+    Yes,
+    No,
+}
+
+fn deserialize_struct(
+    variant_ident: Option<&syn::Ident>,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: Option<TokenStream>,
+    untagged: &Untagged,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
+
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    // If there are getters (implying private fields), construct the local type
+    // and use an `Into` conversion to get the remote type. If there are no
+    // getters then construct the target type directly.
+    let construct = if params.has_getter {
+        let local = &params.local;
+        quote!(#local)
+    } else {
+        quote!(#this_value)
+    };
+
+    let type_path = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => quote!(#construct::#variant_ident),
+        None => construct,
+    };
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("struct variant {}::{}", params.type_name(), variant_ident),
+        None => format!("struct {}", params.type_name()),
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let visit_seq = Stmts(deserialize_seq(
+        &type_path, params, fields, true, cattrs, expecting,
+    ));
+
+    let (field_visitor, fields_stmt, visit_map) = if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        deserialize_struct_as_map_visitor(&type_path, params, fields, cattrs)
+    } else {
+        deserialize_struct_as_struct_visitor(&type_path, params, fields, cattrs)
+    };
+    let field_visitor = Stmts(field_visitor);
+    let fields_stmt = fields_stmt.map(Stmts);
+    let visit_map = Stmts(visit_map);
+
+    let visitor_expr = quote! {
+        __Visitor {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+        }
+    };
+    let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_any(#deserializer, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else if is_enum && cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::de::VariantAccess::newtype_variant_seed(__variant, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else if is_enum {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::de::VariantAccess::struct_variant(__variant, FIELDS, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_map(__deserializer, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote! {
+            _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, FIELDS, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let visitor_var = if all_skipped {
+        quote!(_)
+    } else {
+        quote!(mut __seq)
+    };
+
+    // untagged struct variants do not get a visit_seq method. The same applies to
+    // structs that only have a map representation.
+    let visit_seq = match *untagged {
+        Untagged::No if !cattrs.has_flatten() => Some(quote! {
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_seq<__A>(self, #visitor_var: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::SeqAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #visit_seq
+            }
+        }),
+        _ => None,
+    };
+
+    let visitor_seed = if is_enum && cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        Some(quote! {
+            impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::DeserializeSeed<#delife> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+                type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+                fn deserialize<__D>(self, __deserializer: __D) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __D::Error>
+                where
+                    __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+                {
+                    _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_map(__deserializer, self)
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #field_visitor
+
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            #visit_seq
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_map<__A>(self, mut __map: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::MapAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #visit_map
+            }
+        }
+
+        #visitor_seed
+
+        #fields_stmt
+
+        #dispatch
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_struct_in_place(
+    variant_ident: Option<syn::Ident>,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: Option<TokenStream>,
+) -> Option<Fragment> {
+    let is_enum = variant_ident.is_some();
+
+    // for now we do not support in_place deserialization for structs that
+    // are represented as map.
+    if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        return None;
+    }
+
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    let expecting = match variant_ident {
+        Some(variant_ident) => format!("struct variant {}::{}", params.type_name(), variant_ident),
+        None => format!("struct {}", params.type_name()),
+    };
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let visit_seq = Stmts(deserialize_seq_in_place(params, fields, cattrs, expecting));
+
+    let (field_visitor, fields_stmt, visit_map) =
+        deserialize_struct_as_struct_in_place_visitor(params, fields, cattrs);
+
+    let field_visitor = Stmts(field_visitor);
+    let fields_stmt = Stmts(fields_stmt);
+    let visit_map = Stmts(visit_map);
+
+    let visitor_expr = quote! {
+        __Visitor {
+            place: __place,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+        }
+    };
+    let dispatch = if let Some(deserializer) = deserializer {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_any(#deserializer, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else if is_enum {
+        quote! {
+            _serde::de::VariantAccess::struct_variant(__variant, FIELDS, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    } else {
+        let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+        quote! {
+            _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(__deserializer, #type_name, FIELDS, #visitor_expr)
+        }
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let visitor_var = if all_skipped {
+        quote!(_)
+    } else {
+        quote!(mut __seq)
+    };
+
+    let visit_seq = quote! {
+        #[inline]
+        fn visit_seq<__A>(self, #visitor_var: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+        where
+            __A: _serde::de::SeqAccess<#delife>,
+        {
+            #visit_seq
+        }
+    };
+
+    let in_place_impl_generics = de_impl_generics.in_place();
+    let in_place_ty_generics = de_ty_generics.in_place();
+    let place_life = place_lifetime();
+
+    Some(quote_block! {
+        #field_visitor
+
+        struct __Visitor #in_place_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            place: &#place_life mut #this_type #ty_generics,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #in_place_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #in_place_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = ();
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            #visit_seq
+
+            #[inline]
+            fn visit_map<__A>(self, mut __map: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::MapAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #visit_map
+            }
+        }
+
+        #fields_stmt
+
+        #dispatch
+    })
+}
+
+fn deserialize_enum(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    match cattrs.tag() {
+        attr::TagType::External => deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(params, variants, cattrs),
+        attr::TagType::Internal { tag } => {
+            deserialize_internally_tagged_enum(params, variants, cattrs, tag)
+        }
+        attr::TagType::Adjacent { tag, content } => {
+            deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(params, variants, cattrs, tag, content)
+        }
+        attr::TagType::None => deserialize_untagged_enum(params, variants, cattrs),
+    }
+}
+
+fn prepare_enum_variant_enum(
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> (TokenStream, Stmts) {
+    let mut deserialized_variants = variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+
+    let variant_names_idents: Vec<_> = deserialized_variants
+        .clone()
+        .map(|(i, variant)| {
+            (
+                variant.attrs.name().deserialize_name(),
+                field_i(i),
+                variant.attrs.aliases(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let other_idx = deserialized_variants.position(|(_, variant)| variant.attrs.other());
+
+    let variants_stmt = {
+        let variant_names = variant_names_idents.iter().map(|(name, _, _)| name);
+        quote! {
+            const VARIANTS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#variant_names),* ];
+        }
+    };
+
+    let variant_visitor = Stmts(deserialize_generated_identifier(
+        &variant_names_idents,
+        cattrs,
+        true,
+        other_idx,
+    ));
+
+    (variants_stmt, variant_visitor)
+}
+
+fn deserialize_externally_tagged_enum(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+    let expecting = format!("enum {}", params.type_name());
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    let (variants_stmt, variant_visitor) = prepare_enum_variant_enum(variants, cattrs);
+
+    // Match arms to extract a variant from a string
+    let variant_arms = variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(i, variant)| {
+            let variant_name = field_i(i);
+
+            let block = Match(deserialize_externally_tagged_variant(
+                params, variant, cattrs,
+            ));
+
+            quote! {
+                (__Field::#variant_name, __variant) => #block
+            }
+        });
+
+    let all_skipped = variants
+        .iter()
+        .all(|variant| variant.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let match_variant = if all_skipped {
+        // This is an empty enum like `enum Impossible {}` or an enum in which
+        // all variants have `#[serde(skip_deserializing)]`.
+        quote! {
+            // FIXME: Once we drop support for Rust 1.15:
+            // let _serde::__private::Err(__err) = _serde::de::EnumAccess::variant::<__Field>(__data);
+            // _serde::__private::Err(__err)
+            _serde::__private::Result::map(
+                _serde::de::EnumAccess::variant::<__Field>(__data),
+                |(__impossible, _)| match __impossible {})
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            match try!(_serde::de::EnumAccess::variant(__data)) {
+                #(#variant_arms)*
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #variant_visitor
+
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            fn visit_enum<__A>(self, __data: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::EnumAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                #match_variant
+            }
+        }
+
+        #variants_stmt
+
+        _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_enum(
+            __deserializer,
+            #type_name,
+            VARIANTS,
+            __Visitor {
+                marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+                lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_internally_tagged_enum(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    tag: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let (variants_stmt, variant_visitor) = prepare_enum_variant_enum(variants, cattrs);
+
+    // Match arms to extract a variant from a string
+    let variant_arms = variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(i, variant)| {
+            let variant_name = field_i(i);
+
+            let block = Match(deserialize_internally_tagged_variant(
+                params,
+                variant,
+                cattrs,
+                quote! {
+                    _serde::__private::de::ContentDeserializer::<__D::Error>::new(__tagged.content)
+                },
+            ));
+
+            quote! {
+                __Field::#variant_name => #block
+            }
+        });
+
+    let expecting = format!("internally tagged enum {}", params.type_name());
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #variant_visitor
+
+        #variants_stmt
+
+        let __tagged = try!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_any(
+            __deserializer,
+            _serde::__private::de::TaggedContentVisitor::<__Field>::new(#tag, #expecting)));
+
+        match __tagged.tag {
+            #(#variant_arms)*
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_adjacently_tagged_enum(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    tag: &str,
+    content: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    let (variants_stmt, variant_visitor) = prepare_enum_variant_enum(variants, cattrs);
+
+    let variant_arms: &Vec<_> = &variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(i, variant)| {
+            let variant_index = field_i(i);
+
+            let block = Match(deserialize_untagged_variant(
+                params,
+                variant,
+                cattrs,
+                quote!(__deserializer),
+            ));
+
+            quote! {
+                __Field::#variant_index => #block
+            }
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let expecting = format!("adjacently tagged enum {}", params.type_name());
+    let expecting = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&expecting);
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().deserialize_name();
+    let deny_unknown_fields = cattrs.deny_unknown_fields();
+
+    // If unknown fields are allowed, we pick the visitor that can step over
+    // those. Otherwise we pick the visitor that fails on unknown keys.
+    let field_visitor_ty = if deny_unknown_fields {
+        quote! { _serde::__private::de::TagOrContentFieldVisitor }
+    } else {
+        quote! { _serde::__private::de::TagContentOtherFieldVisitor }
+    };
+
+    let tag_or_content = quote! {
+        #field_visitor_ty {
+            tag: #tag,
+            content: #content,
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut missing_content = quote! {
+        _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::missing_field(#content))
+    };
+    let mut missing_content_fallthrough = quote!();
+    let missing_content_arms = variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, variant)| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .filter_map(|(i, variant)| {
+            let variant_index = field_i(i);
+            let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+            let arm = match variant.style {
+                Style::Unit => quote! {
+                    _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#variant_ident)
+                },
+                Style::Newtype if variant.attrs.deserialize_with().is_none() => {
+                    let span = variant.original.span();
+                    let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::__private::de::missing_field);
+                    quote! {
+                        #func(#content).map(#this_value::#variant_ident)
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => {
+                    missing_content_fallthrough = quote!(_ => #missing_content);
+                    return None;
+                }
+            };
+            Some(quote! {
+                __Field::#variant_index => #arm,
+            })
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    if !missing_content_arms.is_empty() {
+        missing_content = quote! {
+            match __field {
+                #(#missing_content_arms)*
+                #missing_content_fallthrough
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    // Advance the map by one key, returning early in case of error.
+    let next_key = quote! {
+        try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key_seed(&mut __map, #tag_or_content))
+    };
+
+    // When allowing unknown fields, we want to transparently step through keys
+    // we don't care about until we find `tag`, `content`, or run out of keys.
+    let next_relevant_key = if deny_unknown_fields {
+        next_key
+    } else {
+        quote!({
+            let mut __rk : _serde::__private::Option<_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField> = _serde::__private::None;
+            while let _serde::__private::Some(__k) = #next_key {
+                match __k {
+                    _serde::__private::de::TagContentOtherField::Other => {
+                        let _ = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<_serde::de::IgnoredAny>(&mut __map));
+                        continue;
+                    },
+                    _serde::__private::de::TagContentOtherField::Tag => {
+                        __rk = _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Tag);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    _serde::__private::de::TagContentOtherField::Content => {
+                        __rk = _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Content);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            __rk
+        })
+    };
+
+    // Step through remaining keys, looking for duplicates of previously-seen
+    // keys. When unknown fields are denied, any key that isn't a duplicate will
+    // at this point immediately produce an error.
+    let visit_remaining_keys = quote! {
+        match #next_relevant_key {
+            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Tag) => {
+                _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#tag))
+            }
+            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Content) => {
+                _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#content))
+            }
+            _serde::__private::None => _serde::__private::Ok(__ret),
+        }
+    };
+
+    let finish_content_then_tag = if variant_arms.is_empty() {
+        quote! {
+            match try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<__Field>(&mut __map)) {}
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            let __ret = try!(match try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value(&mut __map)) {
+                // Deserialize the buffered content now that we know the variant.
+                #(#variant_arms)*
+            });
+            // Visit remaining keys, looking for duplicates.
+            #visit_remaining_keys
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #variant_visitor
+
+        #variants_stmt
+
+        struct __Seed #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            field: __Field,
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::DeserializeSeed<#delife> for __Seed #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            fn deserialize<__D>(self, __deserializer: __D) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __D::Error>
+            where
+                __D: _serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+            {
+                match self.field {
+                    #(#variant_arms)*
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        struct __Visitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __Visitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+                _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+            }
+
+            fn visit_map<__A>(self, mut __map: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::MapAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                // Visit the first relevant key.
+                match #next_relevant_key {
+                    // First key is the tag.
+                    _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Tag) => {
+                        // Parse the tag.
+                        let __field = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value(&mut __map));
+                        // Visit the second key.
+                        match #next_relevant_key {
+                            // Second key is a duplicate of the tag.
+                            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Tag) => {
+                                _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#tag))
+                            }
+                            // Second key is the content.
+                            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Content) => {
+                                let __ret = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value_seed(&mut __map,
+                                    __Seed {
+                                        field: __field,
+                                        marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                                        lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                                    }));
+                                // Visit remaining keys, looking for duplicates.
+                                #visit_remaining_keys
+                            }
+                            // There is no second key; might be okay if the we have a unit variant.
+                            _serde::__private::None => #missing_content
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // First key is the content.
+                    _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Content) => {
+                        // Buffer up the content.
+                        let __content = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<_serde::__private::de::Content>(&mut __map));
+                        // Visit the second key.
+                        match #next_relevant_key {
+                            // Second key is the tag.
+                            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Tag) => {
+                                let __deserializer = _serde::__private::de::ContentDeserializer::<__A::Error>::new(__content);
+                                #finish_content_then_tag
+                            }
+                            // Second key is a duplicate of the content.
+                            _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::de::TagOrContentField::Content) => {
+                                _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#content))
+                            }
+                            // There is no second key.
+                            _serde::__private::None => {
+                                _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::missing_field(#tag))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // There is no first key.
+                    _serde::__private::None => {
+                        _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::missing_field(#tag))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn visit_seq<__A>(self, mut __seq: __A) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __A::Error>
+            where
+                __A: _serde::de::SeqAccess<#delife>,
+            {
+                // Visit the first element - the tag.
+                match try!(_serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element(&mut __seq)) {
+                    _serde::__private::Some(__field) => {
+                        // Visit the second element - the content.
+                        match try!(_serde::de::SeqAccess::next_element_seed(
+                            &mut __seq,
+                            __Seed {
+                                field: __field,
+                                marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                                lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                            },
+                        )) {
+                            _serde::__private::Some(__ret) => _serde::__private::Ok(__ret),
+                            // There is no second element.
+                            _serde::__private::None => {
+                                _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(1, &self))
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    // There is no first element.
+                    _serde::__private::None => {
+                        _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_length(0, &self))
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[#tag, #content];
+        _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_struct(
+            __deserializer,
+            #type_name,
+            FIELDS,
+            __Visitor {
+                marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+                lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_untagged_enum(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let attempts = variants
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|variant| !variant.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|variant| {
+            Expr(deserialize_untagged_variant(
+                params,
+                variant,
+                cattrs,
+                quote!(
+                    _serde::__private::de::ContentRefDeserializer::<__D::Error>::new(&__content)
+                ),
+            ))
+        });
+
+    // TODO this message could be better by saving the errors from the failed
+    // attempts. The heuristic used by TOML was to count the number of fields
+    // processed before an error, and use the error that happened after the
+    // largest number of fields. I'm not sure I like that. Maybe it would be
+    // better to save all the errors and combine them into one message that
+    // explains why none of the variants matched.
+    let fallthrough_msg = format!(
+        "data did not match any variant of untagged enum {}",
+        params.type_name()
+    );
+    let fallthrough_msg = cattrs.expecting().unwrap_or(&fallthrough_msg);
+
+    quote_block! {
+        let __content = try!(<_serde::__private::de::Content as _serde::Deserialize>::deserialize(__deserializer));
+
+        #(
+            if let _serde::__private::Ok(__ok) = #attempts {
+                return _serde::__private::Ok(__ok);
+            }
+        )*
+
+        _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::custom(#fallthrough_msg))
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_externally_tagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        let (wrapper, wrapper_ty, unwrap_fn) = wrap_deserialize_variant_with(params, variant, path);
+        return quote_block! {
+            #wrapper
+            _serde::__private::Result::map(
+                _serde::de::VariantAccess::newtype_variant::<#wrapper_ty>(__variant), #unwrap_fn)
+        };
+    }
+
+    let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+    match variant.style {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            let this_value = &params.this_value;
+            quote_block! {
+                try!(_serde::de::VariantAccess::unit_variant(__variant));
+                _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#variant_ident)
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => deserialize_externally_tagged_newtype_variant(
+            variant_ident,
+            params,
+            &variant.fields[0],
+            cattrs,
+        ),
+        Style::Tuple => {
+            deserialize_tuple(Some(variant_ident), params, &variant.fields, cattrs, None)
+        }
+        Style::Struct => deserialize_struct(
+            Some(variant_ident),
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            cattrs,
+            None,
+            &Untagged::No,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+// Generates significant part of the visit_seq and visit_map bodies of visitors
+// for the variants of internally tagged enum.
+fn deserialize_internally_tagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: TokenStream,
+) -> Fragment {
+    if variant.attrs.deserialize_with().is_some() {
+        return deserialize_untagged_variant(params, variant, cattrs, deserializer);
+    }
+
+    let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+    match effective_style(variant) {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            let this_value = &params.this_value;
+            let type_name = params.type_name();
+            let variant_name = variant.ident.to_string();
+            let default = variant.fields.get(0).map(|field| {
+                let default = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+                quote!((#default))
+            });
+            quote_block! {
+                try!(_serde::Deserializer::deserialize_any(#deserializer, _serde::__private::de::InternallyTaggedUnitVisitor::new(#type_name, #variant_name)));
+                _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#variant_ident #default)
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => deserialize_untagged_newtype_variant(
+            variant_ident,
+            params,
+            &variant.fields[0],
+            &deserializer,
+        ),
+        Style::Struct => deserialize_struct(
+            Some(variant_ident),
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            cattrs,
+            Some(deserializer),
+            &Untagged::No,
+        ),
+        Style::Tuple => unreachable!("checked in serde_derive_internals"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_untagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    deserializer: TokenStream,
+) -> Fragment {
+    if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        let unwrap_fn = unwrap_to_variant_closure(params, variant, false);
+        return quote_block! {
+            _serde::__private::Result::map(#path(#deserializer), #unwrap_fn)
+        };
+    }
+
+    let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+    match effective_style(variant) {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            let this_value = &params.this_value;
+            let type_name = params.type_name();
+            let variant_name = variant.ident.to_string();
+            let default = variant.fields.get(0).map(|field| {
+                let default = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+                quote!((#default))
+            });
+            quote_expr! {
+                match _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_any(
+                    #deserializer,
+                    _serde::__private::de::UntaggedUnitVisitor::new(#type_name, #variant_name)
+                ) {
+                    _serde::__private::Ok(()) => _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#variant_ident #default),
+                    _serde::__private::Err(__err) => _serde::__private::Err(__err),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => deserialize_untagged_newtype_variant(
+            variant_ident,
+            params,
+            &variant.fields[0],
+            &deserializer,
+        ),
+        Style::Tuple => deserialize_tuple(
+            Some(variant_ident),
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            cattrs,
+            Some(deserializer),
+        ),
+        Style::Struct => deserialize_struct(
+            Some(variant_ident),
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            cattrs,
+            Some(deserializer),
+            &Untagged::Yes,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_externally_tagged_newtype_variant(
+    variant_ident: &syn::Ident,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field: &Field,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+
+    if field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+        let default = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+        return quote_block! {
+            try!(_serde::de::VariantAccess::unit_variant(__variant));
+            _serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#variant_ident(#default))
+        };
+    }
+
+    match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        None => {
+            let field_ty = field.ty;
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func =
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::de::VariantAccess::newtype_variant::<#field_ty>);
+            quote_expr! {
+                _serde::__private::Result::map(#func(__variant), #this_value::#variant_ident)
+            }
+        }
+        Some(path) => {
+            let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) = wrap_deserialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path);
+            quote_block! {
+                #wrapper
+                _serde::__private::Result::map(
+                    _serde::de::VariantAccess::newtype_variant::<#wrapper_ty>(__variant),
+                    |__wrapper| #this_value::#variant_ident(__wrapper.value))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_untagged_newtype_variant(
+    variant_ident: &syn::Ident,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field: &Field,
+    deserializer: &TokenStream,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let field_ty = field.ty;
+    match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        None => {
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> <#field_ty as _serde::Deserialize>::deserialize);
+            quote_expr! {
+                _serde::__private::Result::map(#func(#deserializer), #this_value::#variant_ident)
+            }
+        }
+        Some(path) => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let __value: _serde::__private::Result<#field_ty, _> = #path(#deserializer);
+                _serde::__private::Result::map(__value, #this_value::#variant_ident)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_generated_identifier(
+    fields: &[(String, Ident, Vec<String>)],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    is_variant: bool,
+    other_idx: Option<usize>,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_value = quote!(__Field);
+    let field_idents: &Vec<_> = &fields.iter().map(|(_, ident, _)| ident).collect();
+
+    let (ignore_variant, fallthrough) = if !is_variant && cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        let ignore_variant = quote!(__other(_serde::__private::de::Content<'de>),);
+        let fallthrough = quote!(_serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(__value)));
+        (Some(ignore_variant), Some(fallthrough))
+    } else if let Some(other_idx) = other_idx {
+        let ignore_variant = fields[other_idx].1.clone();
+        let fallthrough = quote!(_serde::__private::Ok(__Field::#ignore_variant));
+        (None, Some(fallthrough))
+    } else if is_variant || cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
+        (None, None)
+    } else {
+        let ignore_variant = quote!(__ignore,);
+        let fallthrough = quote!(_serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__ignore));
+        (Some(ignore_variant), Some(fallthrough))
+    };
+
+    let visitor_impl = Stmts(deserialize_identifier(
+        &this_value,
+        fields,
+        is_variant,
+        fallthrough,
+        None,
+        !is_variant && cattrs.has_flatten(),
+        None,
+    ));
+
+    let lifetime = if !is_variant && cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        Some(quote!(<'de>))
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
+        enum __Field #lifetime {
+            #(#field_idents,)*
+            #ignore_variant
+        }
+
+        struct __FieldVisitor;
+
+        impl<'de> _serde::de::Visitor<'de> for __FieldVisitor {
+            type Value = __Field #lifetime;
+
+            #visitor_impl
+        }
+
+        impl<'de> _serde::Deserialize<'de> for __Field #lifetime {
+            #[inline]
+            fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self, __D::Error>
+            where
+                __D: _serde::Deserializer<'de>,
+            {
+                _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_identifier(__deserializer, __FieldVisitor)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Generates `Deserialize::deserialize` body for an enum with
+// `serde(field_identifier)` or `serde(variant_identifier)` attribute.
+fn deserialize_custom_identifier(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variants: &[Variant],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let is_variant = match cattrs.identifier() {
+        attr::Identifier::Variant => true,
+        attr::Identifier::Field => false,
+        attr::Identifier::No => unreachable!(),
+    };
+
+    let this_type = params.this_type.to_token_stream();
+    let this_value = params.this_value.to_token_stream();
+
+    let (ordinary, fallthrough, fallthrough_borrowed) = if let Some(last) = variants.last() {
+        let last_ident = &last.ident;
+        if last.attrs.other() {
+            // Process `serde(other)` attribute. It would always be found on the
+            // last variant (checked in `check_identifier`), so all preceding
+            // are ordinary variants.
+            let ordinary = &variants[..variants.len() - 1];
+            let fallthrough = quote!(_serde::__private::Ok(#this_value::#last_ident));
+            (ordinary, Some(fallthrough), None)
+        } else if let Style::Newtype = last.style {
+            let ordinary = &variants[..variants.len() - 1];
+            let fallthrough = |value| {
+                quote! {
+                    _serde::__private::Result::map(
+                        _serde::Deserialize::deserialize(
+                            _serde::__private::de::IdentifierDeserializer::from(#value)
+                        ),
+                        #this_value::#last_ident)
+                }
+            };
+            (
+                ordinary,
+                Some(fallthrough(quote!(__value))),
+                Some(fallthrough(quote!(_serde::__private::de::Borrowed(
+                    __value
+                )))),
+            )
+        } else {
+            (variants, None, None)
+        }
+    } else {
+        (variants, None, None)
+    };
+
+    let names_idents: Vec<_> = ordinary
+        .iter()
+        .map(|variant| {
+            (
+                variant.attrs.name().deserialize_name(),
+                variant.ident.clone(),
+                variant.attrs.aliases(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let names = names_idents.iter().map(|(name, _, _)| name);
+
+    let names_const = if fallthrough.is_some() {
+        None
+    } else if is_variant {
+        let variants = quote! {
+            const VARIANTS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#names),* ];
+        };
+        Some(variants)
+    } else {
+        let fields = quote! {
+            const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#names),* ];
+        };
+        Some(fields)
+    };
+
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+    let visitor_impl = Stmts(deserialize_identifier(
+        &this_value,
+        &names_idents,
+        is_variant,
+        fallthrough,
+        fallthrough_borrowed,
+        false,
+        cattrs.expecting(),
+    ));
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #names_const
+
+        struct __FieldVisitor #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::de::Visitor<#delife> for __FieldVisitor #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            type Value = #this_type #ty_generics;
+
+            #visitor_impl
+        }
+
+        let __visitor = __FieldVisitor {
+            marker: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+        };
+        _serde::Deserializer::deserialize_identifier(__deserializer, __visitor)
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_identifier(
+    this_value: &TokenStream,
+    fields: &[(String, Ident, Vec<String>)],
+    is_variant: bool,
+    fallthrough: Option<TokenStream>,
+    fallthrough_borrowed: Option<TokenStream>,
+    collect_other_fields: bool,
+    expecting: Option<&str>,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let mut flat_fields = Vec::new();
+    for (_, ident, aliases) in fields {
+        flat_fields.extend(aliases.iter().map(|alias| (alias, ident)));
+    }
+
+    let field_strs: &Vec<_> = &flat_fields.iter().map(|(name, _)| name).collect();
+    let field_bytes: &Vec<_> = &flat_fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, _)| Literal::byte_string(name.as_bytes()))
+        .collect();
+
+    let constructors: &Vec<_> = &flat_fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(_, ident)| quote!(#this_value::#ident))
+        .collect();
+    let main_constructors: &Vec<_> = &fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(_, ident, _)| quote!(#this_value::#ident))
+        .collect();
+
+    let expecting = expecting.unwrap_or(if is_variant {
+        "variant identifier"
+    } else {
+        "field identifier"
+    });
+
+    let index_expecting = if is_variant { "variant" } else { "field" };
+
+    let bytes_to_str = if fallthrough.is_some() || collect_other_fields {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(quote! {
+            let __value = &_serde::__private::from_utf8_lossy(__value);
+        })
+    };
+
+    let (
+        value_as_str_content,
+        value_as_borrowed_str_content,
+        value_as_bytes_content,
+        value_as_borrowed_bytes_content,
+    ) = if collect_other_fields {
+        (
+            Some(quote! {
+                let __value = _serde::__private::de::Content::String(_serde::__private::ToString::to_string(__value));
+            }),
+            Some(quote! {
+                let __value = _serde::__private::de::Content::Str(__value);
+            }),
+            Some(quote! {
+                let __value = _serde::__private::de::Content::ByteBuf(__value.to_vec());
+            }),
+            Some(quote! {
+                let __value = _serde::__private::de::Content::Bytes(__value);
+            }),
+        )
+    } else {
+        (None, None, None, None)
+    };
+
+    let fallthrough_arm_tokens;
+    let fallthrough_arm = if let Some(fallthrough) = &fallthrough {
+        fallthrough
+    } else if is_variant {
+        fallthrough_arm_tokens = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_variant(__value, VARIANTS))
+        };
+        &fallthrough_arm_tokens
+    } else {
+        fallthrough_arm_tokens = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::unknown_field(__value, FIELDS))
+        };
+        &fallthrough_arm_tokens
+    };
+
+    let u64_fallthrough_arm_tokens;
+    let u64_fallthrough_arm = if let Some(fallthrough) = &fallthrough {
+        fallthrough
+    } else {
+        let fallthrough_msg = format!("{} index 0 <= i < {}", index_expecting, fields.len());
+        u64_fallthrough_arm_tokens = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Err(_serde::de::Error::invalid_value(
+                _serde::de::Unexpected::Unsigned(__value),
+                &#fallthrough_msg,
+            ))
+        };
+        &u64_fallthrough_arm_tokens
+    };
+
+    let variant_indices = 0_u64..;
+    let visit_other = if collect_other_fields {
+        quote! {
+            fn visit_bool<__E>(self, __value: bool) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::Bool(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_i8<__E>(self, __value: i8) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::I8(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_i16<__E>(self, __value: i16) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::I16(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_i32<__E>(self, __value: i32) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::I32(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_i64<__E>(self, __value: i64) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::I64(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_u8<__E>(self, __value: u8) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::U8(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_u16<__E>(self, __value: u16) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::U16(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_u32<__E>(self, __value: u32) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::U32(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_u64<__E>(self, __value: u64) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::U64(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_f32<__E>(self, __value: f32) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::F32(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_f64<__E>(self, __value: f64) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::F64(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_char<__E>(self, __value: char) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::Char(__value)))
+            }
+
+            fn visit_unit<__E>(self) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__Field::__other(_serde::__private::de::Content::Unit))
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            fn visit_u64<__E>(self, __value: u64) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                match __value {
+                    #(
+                        #variant_indices => _serde::__private::Ok(#main_constructors),
+                    )*
+                    _ => #u64_fallthrough_arm,
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let visit_borrowed = if fallthrough_borrowed.is_some() || collect_other_fields {
+        let fallthrough_borrowed_arm = fallthrough_borrowed.as_ref().unwrap_or(fallthrough_arm);
+        Some(quote! {
+            fn visit_borrowed_str<__E>(self, __value: &'de str) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                match __value {
+                    #(
+                        #field_strs => _serde::__private::Ok(#constructors),
+                    )*
+                    _ => {
+                        #value_as_borrowed_str_content
+                        #fallthrough_borrowed_arm
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            fn visit_borrowed_bytes<__E>(self, __value: &'de [u8]) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+            where
+                __E: _serde::de::Error,
+            {
+                match __value {
+                    #(
+                        #field_bytes => _serde::__private::Ok(#constructors),
+                    )*
+                    _ => {
+                        #bytes_to_str
+                        #value_as_borrowed_bytes_content
+                        #fallthrough_borrowed_arm
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        fn expecting(&self, __formatter: &mut _serde::__private::Formatter) -> _serde::__private::fmt::Result {
+            _serde::__private::Formatter::write_str(__formatter, #expecting)
+        }
+
+        #visit_other
+
+        fn visit_str<__E>(self, __value: &str) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+        where
+            __E: _serde::de::Error,
+        {
+            match __value {
+                #(
+                    #field_strs => _serde::__private::Ok(#constructors),
+                )*
+                _ => {
+                    #value_as_str_content
+                    #fallthrough_arm
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        fn visit_bytes<__E>(self, __value: &[u8]) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self::Value, __E>
+        where
+            __E: _serde::de::Error,
+        {
+            match __value {
+                #(
+                    #field_bytes => _serde::__private::Ok(#constructors),
+                )*
+                _ => {
+                    #bytes_to_str
+                    #value_as_bytes_content
+                    #fallthrough_arm
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #visit_borrowed
+    }
+}
+
+fn deserialize_struct_as_struct_visitor(
+    struct_path: &TokenStream,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> (Fragment, Option<Fragment>, Fragment) {
+    assert!(!cattrs.has_flatten());
+
+    let field_names_idents: Vec<_> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(i, field)| {
+            (
+                field.attrs.name().deserialize_name(),
+                field_i(i),
+                field.attrs.aliases(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let fields_stmt = {
+        let field_names = field_names_idents.iter().map(|(name, _, _)| name);
+        quote_block! {
+            const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#field_names),* ];
+        }
+    };
+
+    let field_visitor = deserialize_generated_identifier(&field_names_idents, cattrs, false, None);
+
+    let visit_map = deserialize_map(struct_path, params, fields, cattrs);
+
+    (field_visitor, Some(fields_stmt), visit_map)
+}
+
+fn deserialize_struct_as_map_visitor(
+    struct_path: &TokenStream,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> (Fragment, Option<Fragment>, Fragment) {
+    let field_names_idents: Vec<_> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() && !field.attrs.flatten())
+        .map(|(i, field)| {
+            (
+                field.attrs.name().deserialize_name(),
+                field_i(i),
+                field.attrs.aliases(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let field_visitor = deserialize_generated_identifier(&field_names_idents, cattrs, false, None);
+
+    let visit_map = deserialize_map(struct_path, params, fields, cattrs);
+
+    (field_visitor, None, visit_map)
+}
+
+fn deserialize_map(
+    struct_path: &TokenStream,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    // Create the field names for the fields.
+    let fields_names: Vec<_> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, field)| (field, field_i(i)))
+        .collect();
+
+    // Declare each field that will be deserialized.
+    let let_values = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() && !field.attrs.flatten())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let field_ty = field.ty;
+            quote! {
+                let mut #name: _serde::__private::Option<#field_ty> = _serde::__private::None;
+            }
+        });
+
+    // Collect contents for flatten fields into a buffer
+    let let_collect = if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        Some(quote! {
+            let mut __collect = _serde::__private::Vec::<_serde::__private::Option<(
+                _serde::__private::de::Content,
+                _serde::__private::de::Content
+            )>>::new();
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    // Match arms to extract a value for a field.
+    let value_arms = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() && !field.attrs.flatten())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let deser_name = field.attrs.name().deserialize_name();
+
+            let visit = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+                None => {
+                    let field_ty = field.ty;
+                    let span = field.original.span();
+                    let func =
+                        quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<#field_ty>);
+                    quote! {
+                        try!(#func(&mut __map))
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(path) => {
+                    let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) = wrap_deserialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path);
+                    quote!({
+                        #wrapper
+                        match _serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<#wrapper_ty>(&mut __map) {
+                            _serde::__private::Ok(__wrapper) => __wrapper.value,
+                            _serde::__private::Err(__err) => {
+                                return _serde::__private::Err(__err);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+            quote! {
+                __Field::#name => {
+                    if _serde::__private::Option::is_some(&#name) {
+                        return _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#deser_name));
+                    }
+                    #name = _serde::__private::Some(#visit);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    // Visit ignored values to consume them
+    let ignored_arm = if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        Some(quote! {
+            __Field::__other(__name) => {
+                __collect.push(_serde::__private::Some((
+                    __name,
+                    try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value(&mut __map)))));
+            }
+        })
+    } else if cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(quote! {
+            _ => { let _ = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<_serde::de::IgnoredAny>(&mut __map)); }
+        })
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+    let match_keys = if cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() && all_skipped {
+        quote! {
+            // FIXME: Once we drop support for Rust 1.15:
+            // let _serde::__private::None::<__Field> = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key(&mut __map));
+            _serde::__private::Option::map(
+                try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key::<__Field>(&mut __map)),
+                |__impossible| match __impossible {});
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            while let _serde::__private::Some(__key) = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key::<__Field>(&mut __map)) {
+                match __key {
+                    #(#value_arms)*
+                    #ignored_arm
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let extract_values = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() && !field.attrs.flatten())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let missing_expr = Match(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+
+            quote! {
+                let #name = match #name {
+                    _serde::__private::Some(#name) => #name,
+                    _serde::__private::None => #missing_expr
+                };
+            }
+        });
+
+    let extract_collected = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| field.attrs.flatten() && !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let field_ty = field.ty;
+            let func = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+                None => {
+                    let span = field.original.span();
+                    quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::de::Deserialize::deserialize)
+                }
+                Some(path) => quote!(#path),
+            };
+            quote! {
+                let #name: #field_ty = try!(#func(
+                    _serde::__private::de::FlatMapDeserializer(
+                        &mut __collect,
+                        _serde::__private::PhantomData)));
+            }
+        });
+
+    let collected_deny_unknown_fields = if cattrs.has_flatten() && cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
+        Some(quote! {
+            if let _serde::__private::Some(_serde::__private::Some((__key, _))) =
+                __collect.into_iter().filter(_serde::__private::Option::is_some).next()
+            {
+                if let _serde::__private::Some(__key) = __key.as_str() {
+                    return _serde::__private::Err(
+                        _serde::de::Error::custom(format_args!("unknown field `{}`", &__key)));
+                } else {
+                    return _serde::__private::Err(
+                        _serde::de::Error::custom(format_args!("unexpected map key")));
+                }
+            }
+        })
+    } else {
+        None
+    };
+
+    let result = fields_names.iter().map(|(field, name)| {
+        let member = &field.member;
+        if field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+            let value = Expr(expr_is_missing(field, cattrs));
+            quote!(#member: #value)
+        } else {
+            quote!(#member: #name)
+        }
+    });
+
+    let let_default = match cattrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: Self::Value = _serde::__private::Default::default();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::Path(path) => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: Self::Value = #path();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::None => {
+            // We don't need the default value, to prevent an unused variable warning
+            // we'll leave the line empty.
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    let mut result = quote!(#struct_path { #(#result),* });
+    if params.has_getter {
+        let this_type = &params.this_type;
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+        result = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Into::<#this_type #ty_generics>::into(#result)
+        };
+    }
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #(#let_values)*
+
+        #let_collect
+
+        #match_keys
+
+        #let_default
+
+        #(#extract_values)*
+
+        #(#extract_collected)*
+
+        #collected_deny_unknown_fields
+
+        _serde::__private::Ok(#result)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_struct_as_struct_in_place_visitor(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> (Fragment, Fragment, Fragment) {
+    assert!(!cattrs.has_flatten());
+
+    let field_names_idents: Vec<_> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|&(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(i, field)| {
+            (
+                field.attrs.name().deserialize_name(),
+                field_i(i),
+                field.attrs.aliases(),
+            )
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let fields_stmt = {
+        let field_names = field_names_idents.iter().map(|(name, _, _)| name);
+        quote_block! {
+            const FIELDS: &'static [&'static str] = &[ #(#field_names),* ];
+        }
+    };
+
+    let field_visitor = deserialize_generated_identifier(&field_names_idents, cattrs, false, None);
+
+    let visit_map = deserialize_map_in_place(params, fields, cattrs);
+
+    (field_visitor, fields_stmt, visit_map)
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn deserialize_map_in_place(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    assert!(!cattrs.has_flatten());
+
+    // Create the field names for the fields.
+    let fields_names: Vec<_> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, field)| (field, field_i(i)))
+        .collect();
+
+    // For deserialize_in_place, declare booleans for each field that will be
+    // deserialized.
+    let let_flags = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(_, name)| {
+            quote! {
+                let mut #name: bool = false;
+            }
+        });
+
+    // Match arms to extract a value for a field.
+    let value_arms_from = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let deser_name = field.attrs.name().deserialize_name();
+            let member = &field.member;
+
+            let visit = match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+                None => {
+                    quote! {
+                        try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value_seed(&mut __map, _serde::__private::de::InPlaceSeed(&mut self.place.#member)))
+                    }
+                }
+                Some(path) => {
+                    let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) = wrap_deserialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path);
+                    quote!({
+                        #wrapper
+                        self.place.#member = match _serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<#wrapper_ty>(&mut __map) {
+                            _serde::__private::Ok(__wrapper) => __wrapper.value,
+                            _serde::__private::Err(__err) => {
+                                return _serde::__private::Err(__err);
+                            }
+                        };
+                    })
+                }
+            };
+            quote! {
+                __Field::#name => {
+                    if #name {
+                        return _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::duplicate_field(#deser_name));
+                    }
+                    #visit;
+                    #name = true;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    // Visit ignored values to consume them
+    let ignored_arm = if cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() {
+        None
+    } else {
+        Some(quote! {
+            _ => { let _ = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_value::<_serde::de::IgnoredAny>(&mut __map)); }
+        })
+    };
+
+    let all_skipped = fields.iter().all(|field| field.attrs.skip_deserializing());
+
+    let match_keys = if cattrs.deny_unknown_fields() && all_skipped {
+        quote! {
+            // FIXME: Once we drop support for Rust 1.15:
+            // let _serde::__private::None::<__Field> = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key(&mut __map));
+            _serde::__private::Option::map(
+                try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key::<__Field>(&mut __map)),
+                |__impossible| match __impossible {});
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            while let _serde::__private::Some(__key) = try!(_serde::de::MapAccess::next_key::<__Field>(&mut __map)) {
+                match __key {
+                    #(#value_arms_from)*
+                    #ignored_arm
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let check_flags = fields_names
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&&(field, _)| !field.attrs.skip_deserializing())
+        .map(|(field, name)| {
+            let missing_expr = expr_is_missing(field, cattrs);
+            // If missing_expr unconditionally returns an error, don't try
+            // to assign its value to self.place.
+            if field.attrs.default().is_none()
+                && cattrs.default().is_none()
+                && field.attrs.deserialize_with().is_some()
+            {
+                let missing_expr = Stmts(missing_expr);
+                quote! {
+                    if !#name {
+                        #missing_expr;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                let member = &field.member;
+                let missing_expr = Expr(missing_expr);
+                quote! {
+                    if !#name {
+                        self.place.#member = #missing_expr;
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (_, _, ty_generics, _) = split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+
+    let let_default = match cattrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: #this_type #ty_generics = _serde::__private::Default::default();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::Path(path) => Some(quote!(
+            let __default: #this_type #ty_generics = #path();
+        )),
+        attr::Default::None => {
+            // We don't need the default value, to prevent an unused variable warning
+            // we'll leave the line empty.
+            None
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #(#let_flags)*
+
+        #match_keys
+
+        #let_default
+
+        #(#check_flags)*
+
+        _serde::__private::Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn field_i(i: usize) -> Ident {
+    Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", i), Span::call_site())
+}
+
+/// This function wraps the expression in `#[serde(deserialize_with = "...")]`
+/// in a trait to prevent it from accessing the internal `Deserialize` state.
+fn wrap_deserialize_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    value_ty: &TokenStream,
+    deserialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+) -> (TokenStream, TokenStream) {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) =
+        split_with_de_lifetime(params);
+    let delife = params.borrowed.de_lifetime();
+
+    let wrapper = quote! {
+        struct __DeserializeWith #de_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            value: #value_ty,
+            phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData<&#delife ()>,
+        }
+
+        impl #de_impl_generics _serde::Deserialize<#delife> for __DeserializeWith #de_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            fn deserialize<__D>(__deserializer: __D) -> _serde::__private::Result<Self, __D::Error>
+            where
+                __D: _serde::Deserializer<#delife>,
+            {
+                _serde::__private::Ok(__DeserializeWith {
+                    value: try!(#deserialize_with(__deserializer)),
+                    phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                    lifetime: _serde::__private::PhantomData,
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    let wrapper_ty = quote!(__DeserializeWith #de_ty_generics);
+
+    (wrapper, wrapper_ty)
+}
+
+fn wrap_deserialize_field_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field_ty: &syn::Type,
+    deserialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+) -> (TokenStream, TokenStream) {
+    wrap_deserialize_with(params, &quote!(#field_ty), deserialize_with)
+}
+
+fn wrap_deserialize_variant_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    deserialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+) -> (TokenStream, TokenStream, TokenStream) {
+    let field_tys = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty);
+    let (wrapper, wrapper_ty) =
+        wrap_deserialize_with(params, &quote!((#(#field_tys),*)), deserialize_with);
+
+    let unwrap_fn = unwrap_to_variant_closure(params, variant, true);
+
+    (wrapper, wrapper_ty, unwrap_fn)
+}
+
+// Generates closure that converts single input parameter to the final value.
+fn unwrap_to_variant_closure(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    with_wrapper: bool,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+    let (arg, wrapper) = if with_wrapper {
+        (quote! { __wrap }, quote! { __wrap.value })
+    } else {
+        let field_tys = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty);
+        (quote! { __wrap: (#(#field_tys),*) }, quote! { __wrap })
+    };
+
+    let field_access = (0..variant.fields.len()).map(|n| {
+        Member::Unnamed(Index {
+            index: n as u32,
+            span: Span::call_site(),
+        })
+    });
+
+    match variant.style {
+        Style::Struct if variant.fields.len() == 1 => {
+            let member = &variant.fields[0].member;
+            quote! {
+                |#arg| #this_value::#variant_ident { #member: #wrapper }
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Struct => {
+            let members = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| &field.member);
+            quote! {
+                |#arg| #this_value::#variant_ident { #(#members: #wrapper.#field_access),* }
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Tuple => quote! {
+            |#arg| #this_value::#variant_ident(#(#wrapper.#field_access),*)
+        },
+        Style::Newtype => quote! {
+            |#arg| #this_value::#variant_ident(#wrapper)
+        },
+        Style::Unit => quote! {
+            |#arg| #this_value::#variant_ident
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn expr_is_missing(field: &Field, cattrs: &attr::Container) -> Fragment {
+    match field.attrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default => {
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::__private::Default::default);
+            return quote_expr!(#func());
+        }
+        attr::Default::Path(path) => {
+            return quote_expr!(#path());
+        }
+        attr::Default::None => { /* below */ }
+    }
+
+    match *cattrs.default() {
+        attr::Default::Default | attr::Default::Path(_) => {
+            let member = &field.member;
+            return quote_expr!(__default.#member);
+        }
+        attr::Default::None => { /* below */ }
+    }
+
+    let name = field.attrs.name().deserialize_name();
+    match field.attrs.deserialize_with() {
+        None => {
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::__private::de::missing_field);
+            quote_expr! {
+                try!(#func(#name))
+            }
+        }
+        Some(_) => {
+            quote_expr! {
+                return _serde::__private::Err(<__A::Error as _serde::de::Error>::missing_field(#name))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn effective_style(variant: &Variant) -> Style {
+    match variant.style {
+        Style::Newtype if variant.fields[0].attrs.skip_deserializing() => Style::Unit,
+        other => other,
+    }
+}
+
+struct DeImplGenerics<'a>(&'a Parameters);
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+struct InPlaceImplGenerics<'a>(&'a Parameters);
+
+impl<'a> ToTokens for DeImplGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+        let mut generics = self.0.generics.clone();
+        if let Some(de_lifetime) = self.0.borrowed.de_lifetime_def() {
+            generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(de_lifetime))
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(generics.params)
+                .collect();
+        }
+        let (impl_generics, _, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        impl_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+impl<'a> ToTokens for InPlaceImplGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+        let place_lifetime = place_lifetime();
+        let mut generics = self.0.generics.clone();
+
+        // Add lifetime for `&'place mut Self, and `'a: 'place`
+        for param in &mut generics.params {
+            match param {
+                syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(param) => {
+                    param.bounds.push(place_lifetime.lifetime.clone());
+                }
+                syn::GenericParam::Type(param) => {
+                    param.bounds.push(syn::TypeParamBound::Lifetime(
+                        place_lifetime.lifetime.clone(),
+                    ));
+                }
+                syn::GenericParam::Const(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+        generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(place_lifetime))
+            .into_iter()
+            .chain(generics.params)
+            .collect();
+        if let Some(de_lifetime) = self.0.borrowed.de_lifetime_def() {
+            generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(de_lifetime))
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(generics.params)
+                .collect();
+        }
+        let (impl_generics, _, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        impl_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+impl<'a> DeImplGenerics<'a> {
+    fn in_place(self) -> InPlaceImplGenerics<'a> {
+        InPlaceImplGenerics(self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+struct DeTypeGenerics<'a>(&'a Parameters);
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+struct InPlaceTypeGenerics<'a>(&'a Parameters);
+
+impl<'a> ToTokens for DeTypeGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+        let mut generics = self.0.generics.clone();
+        if self.0.borrowed.de_lifetime_def().is_some() {
+            let def = syn::LifetimeDef {
+                attrs: Vec::new(),
+                lifetime: syn::Lifetime::new("'de", Span::call_site()),
+                colon_token: None,
+                bounds: Punctuated::new(),
+            };
+            generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(def))
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(generics.params)
+                .collect();
+        }
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        ty_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+impl<'a> ToTokens for InPlaceTypeGenerics<'a> {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
+        let mut generics = self.0.generics.clone();
+        generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(place_lifetime()))
+            .into_iter()
+            .chain(generics.params)
+            .collect();
+
+        if self.0.borrowed.de_lifetime_def().is_some() {
+            let def = syn::LifetimeDef {
+                attrs: Vec::new(),
+                lifetime: syn::Lifetime::new("'de", Span::call_site()),
+                colon_token: None,
+                bounds: Punctuated::new(),
+            };
+            generics.params = Some(syn::GenericParam::Lifetime(def))
+                .into_iter()
+                .chain(generics.params)
+                .collect();
+        }
+        let (_, ty_generics, _) = generics.split_for_impl();
+        ty_generics.to_tokens(tokens);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+impl<'a> DeTypeGenerics<'a> {
+    fn in_place(self) -> InPlaceTypeGenerics<'a> {
+        InPlaceTypeGenerics(self.0)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+fn place_lifetime() -> syn::LifetimeDef {
+    syn::LifetimeDef {
+        attrs: Vec::new(),
+        lifetime: syn::Lifetime::new("'place", Span::call_site()),
+        colon_token: None,
+        bounds: Punctuated::new(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn split_with_de_lifetime(
+    params: &Parameters,
+) -> (
+    DeImplGenerics,
+    DeTypeGenerics,
+    syn::TypeGenerics,
+    Option<&syn::WhereClause>,
+) {
+    let de_impl_generics = DeImplGenerics(params);
+    let de_ty_generics = DeTypeGenerics(params);
+    let (_, ty_generics, where_clause) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+    (de_impl_generics, de_ty_generics, ty_generics, where_clause)
+}
diff --git a/src/dummy.rs b/src/dummy.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a02bd37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/dummy.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use proc_macro2::{Ident, TokenStream};
+use quote::format_ident;
+
+use syn;
+use try;
+
+pub fn wrap_in_const(
+    serde_path: Option<&syn::Path>,
+    trait_: &str,
+    ty: &Ident,
+    code: TokenStream,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let try_replacement = try::replacement();
+
+    let dummy_const = if cfg!(no_underscore_consts) {
+        format_ident!("_IMPL_{}_FOR_{}", trait_, unraw(ty))
+    } else {
+        format_ident!("_")
+    };
+
+    let use_serde = match serde_path {
+        Some(path) => quote! {
+            use #path as _serde;
+        },
+        None => quote! {
+            #[allow(unused_extern_crates, clippy::useless_attribute)]
+            extern crate serde as _serde;
+        },
+    };
+
+    quote! {
+        #[doc(hidden)]
+        #[allow(non_upper_case_globals, unused_attributes, unused_qualifications)]
+        const #dummy_const: () = {
+            #use_serde
+            #try_replacement
+            #code
+        };
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+fn unraw(ident: &Ident) -> String {
+    // str::trim_start_matches was added in 1.30, trim_left_matches deprecated
+    // in 1.33. We currently support rustc back to 1.15 so we need to continue
+    // to use the deprecated one.
+    ident.to_string().trim_left_matches("r#").to_owned()
+}
diff --git a/src/fragment.rs b/src/fragment.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..324504a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/fragment.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use syn::token;
+
+pub enum Fragment {
+    /// Tokens that can be used as an expression.
+    Expr(TokenStream),
+    /// Tokens that can be used inside a block. The surrounding curly braces are
+    /// not part of these tokens.
+    Block(TokenStream),
+}
+
+macro_rules! quote_expr {
+    ($($tt:tt)*) => {
+        $crate::fragment::Fragment::Expr(quote!($($tt)*))
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! quote_block {
+    ($($tt:tt)*) => {
+        $crate::fragment::Fragment::Block(quote!($($tt)*))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interpolate a fragment in place of an expression. This involves surrounding
+/// Block fragments in curly braces.
+pub struct Expr(pub Fragment);
+impl ToTokens for Expr {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, out: &mut TokenStream) {
+        match &self.0 {
+            Fragment::Expr(expr) => expr.to_tokens(out),
+            Fragment::Block(block) => {
+                token::Brace::default().surround(out, |out| block.to_tokens(out));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interpolate a fragment as the statements of a block.
+pub struct Stmts(pub Fragment);
+impl ToTokens for Stmts {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, out: &mut TokenStream) {
+        match &self.0 {
+            Fragment::Expr(expr) => expr.to_tokens(out),
+            Fragment::Block(block) => block.to_tokens(out),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Interpolate a fragment as the value part of a `match` expression. This
+/// involves putting a comma after expressions and curly braces around blocks.
+pub struct Match(pub Fragment);
+impl ToTokens for Match {
+    fn to_tokens(&self, out: &mut TokenStream) {
+        match &self.0 {
+            Fragment::Expr(expr) => {
+                expr.to_tokens(out);
+                <Token![,]>::default().to_tokens(out);
+            }
+            Fragment::Block(block) => {
+                token::Brace::default().surround(out, |out| block.to_tokens(out));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsRef<TokenStream> for Fragment {
+    fn as_ref(&self) -> &TokenStream {
+        match self {
+            Fragment::Expr(expr) => expr,
+            Fragment::Block(block) => block,
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/ast.rs b/src/internals/ast.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a6950b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/ast.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+//! A Serde ast, parsed from the Syn ast and ready to generate Rust code.
+
+use internals::attr;
+use internals::check;
+use internals::{Ctxt, Derive};
+use syn;
+use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
+
+/// A source data structure annotated with `#[derive(Serialize)]` and/or `#[derive(Deserialize)]`,
+/// parsed into an internal representation.
+pub struct Container<'a> {
+    /// The struct or enum name (without generics).
+    pub ident: syn::Ident,
+    /// Attributes on the structure, parsed for Serde.
+    pub attrs: attr::Container,
+    /// The contents of the struct or enum.
+    pub data: Data<'a>,
+    /// Any generics on the struct or enum.
+    pub generics: &'a syn::Generics,
+    /// Original input.
+    pub original: &'a syn::DeriveInput,
+}
+
+/// The fields of a struct or enum.
+///
+/// Analogous to `syn::Data`.
+pub enum Data<'a> {
+    Enum(Vec<Variant<'a>>),
+    Struct(Style, Vec<Field<'a>>),
+}
+
+/// A variant of an enum.
+pub struct Variant<'a> {
+    pub ident: syn::Ident,
+    pub attrs: attr::Variant,
+    pub style: Style,
+    pub fields: Vec<Field<'a>>,
+    pub original: &'a syn::Variant,
+}
+
+/// A field of a struct.
+pub struct Field<'a> {
+    pub member: syn::Member,
+    pub attrs: attr::Field,
+    pub ty: &'a syn::Type,
+    pub original: &'a syn::Field,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Style {
+    /// Named fields.
+    Struct,
+    /// Many unnamed fields.
+    Tuple,
+    /// One unnamed field.
+    Newtype,
+    /// No fields.
+    Unit,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Container<'a> {
+    /// Convert the raw Syn ast into a parsed container object, collecting errors in `cx`.
+    pub fn from_ast(
+        cx: &Ctxt,
+        item: &'a syn::DeriveInput,
+        derive: Derive,
+    ) -> Option<Container<'a>> {
+        let mut attrs = attr::Container::from_ast(cx, item);
+
+        let mut data = match &item.data {
+            syn::Data::Enum(data) => Data::Enum(enum_from_ast(cx, &data.variants, attrs.default())),
+            syn::Data::Struct(data) => {
+                let (style, fields) = struct_from_ast(cx, &data.fields, None, attrs.default());
+                Data::Struct(style, fields)
+            }
+            syn::Data::Union(_) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(item, "Serde does not support derive for unions");
+                return None;
+            }
+        };
+
+        let mut has_flatten = false;
+        match &mut data {
+            Data::Enum(variants) => {
+                for variant in variants {
+                    variant.attrs.rename_by_rules(attrs.rename_all_rules());
+                    for field in &mut variant.fields {
+                        if field.attrs.flatten() {
+                            has_flatten = true;
+                        }
+                        field
+                            .attrs
+                            .rename_by_rules(variant.attrs.rename_all_rules());
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Data::Struct(_, fields) => {
+                for field in fields {
+                    if field.attrs.flatten() {
+                        has_flatten = true;
+                    }
+                    field.attrs.rename_by_rules(attrs.rename_all_rules());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if has_flatten {
+            attrs.mark_has_flatten();
+        }
+
+        let mut item = Container {
+            ident: item.ident.clone(),
+            attrs,
+            data,
+            generics: &item.generics,
+            original: item,
+        };
+        check::check(cx, &mut item, derive);
+        Some(item)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> Data<'a> {
+    pub fn all_fields(&'a self) -> Box<Iterator<Item = &'a Field<'a>> + 'a> {
+        match self {
+            Data::Enum(variants) => {
+                Box::new(variants.iter().flat_map(|variant| variant.fields.iter()))
+            }
+            Data::Struct(_, fields) => Box::new(fields.iter()),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_getter(&self) -> bool {
+        self.all_fields().any(|f| f.attrs.getter().is_some())
+    }
+}
+
+fn enum_from_ast<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    variants: &'a Punctuated<syn::Variant, Token![,]>,
+    container_default: &attr::Default,
+) -> Vec<Variant<'a>> {
+    variants
+        .iter()
+        .map(|variant| {
+            let attrs = attr::Variant::from_ast(cx, variant);
+            let (style, fields) =
+                struct_from_ast(cx, &variant.fields, Some(&attrs), container_default);
+            Variant {
+                ident: variant.ident.clone(),
+                attrs,
+                style,
+                fields,
+                original: variant,
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn struct_from_ast<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    fields: &'a syn::Fields,
+    attrs: Option<&attr::Variant>,
+    container_default: &attr::Default,
+) -> (Style, Vec<Field<'a>>) {
+    match fields {
+        syn::Fields::Named(fields) => (
+            Style::Struct,
+            fields_from_ast(cx, &fields.named, attrs, container_default),
+        ),
+        syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) if fields.unnamed.len() == 1 => (
+            Style::Newtype,
+            fields_from_ast(cx, &fields.unnamed, attrs, container_default),
+        ),
+        syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) => (
+            Style::Tuple,
+            fields_from_ast(cx, &fields.unnamed, attrs, container_default),
+        ),
+        syn::Fields::Unit => (Style::Unit, Vec::new()),
+    }
+}
+
+fn fields_from_ast<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    fields: &'a Punctuated<syn::Field, Token![,]>,
+    attrs: Option<&attr::Variant>,
+    container_default: &attr::Default,
+) -> Vec<Field<'a>> {
+    fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(i, field)| Field {
+            member: match &field.ident {
+                Some(ident) => syn::Member::Named(ident.clone()),
+                None => syn::Member::Unnamed(i.into()),
+            },
+            attrs: attr::Field::from_ast(cx, i, field, attrs, container_default),
+            ty: &field.ty,
+            original: field,
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/attr.rs b/src/internals/attr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc53248
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/attr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1952 @@
+use internals::respan::respan;
+use internals::symbol::*;
+use internals::{ungroup, Ctxt};
+use proc_macro2::{Spacing, Span, TokenStream, TokenTree};
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::collections::BTreeSet;
+use syn;
+use syn::parse::{self, Parse, ParseStream};
+use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
+use syn::Ident;
+use syn::Meta::{List, NameValue, Path};
+use syn::NestedMeta::{Lit, Meta};
+
+// This module handles parsing of `#[serde(...)]` attributes. The entrypoints
+// are `attr::Container::from_ast`, `attr::Variant::from_ast`, and
+// `attr::Field::from_ast`. Each returns an instance of the corresponding
+// struct. Note that none of them return a Result. Unrecognized, malformed, or
+// duplicated attributes result in a span_err but otherwise are ignored. The
+// user will see errors simultaneously for all bad attributes in the crate
+// rather than just the first.
+
+pub use internals::case::RenameRule;
+
+struct Attr<'c, T> {
+    cx: &'c Ctxt,
+    name: Symbol,
+    tokens: TokenStream,
+    value: Option<T>,
+}
+
+impl<'c, T> Attr<'c, T> {
+    fn none(cx: &'c Ctxt, name: Symbol) -> Self {
+        Attr {
+            cx,
+            name,
+            tokens: TokenStream::new(),
+            value: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set<A: ToTokens>(&mut self, obj: A, value: T) {
+        let tokens = obj.into_token_stream();
+
+        if self.value.is_some() {
+            self.cx
+                .error_spanned_by(tokens, format!("duplicate serde attribute `{}`", self.name));
+        } else {
+            self.tokens = tokens;
+            self.value = Some(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_opt<A: ToTokens>(&mut self, obj: A, value: Option<T>) {
+        if let Some(value) = value {
+            self.set(obj, value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn set_if_none(&mut self, value: T) {
+        if self.value.is_none() {
+            self.value = Some(value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get(self) -> Option<T> {
+        self.value
+    }
+
+    fn get_with_tokens(self) -> Option<(TokenStream, T)> {
+        match self.value {
+            Some(v) => Some((self.tokens, v)),
+            None => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct BoolAttr<'c>(Attr<'c, ()>);
+
+impl<'c> BoolAttr<'c> {
+    fn none(cx: &'c Ctxt, name: Symbol) -> Self {
+        BoolAttr(Attr::none(cx, name))
+    }
+
+    fn set_true<A: ToTokens>(&mut self, obj: A) {
+        self.0.set(obj, ());
+    }
+
+    fn get(&self) -> bool {
+        self.0.value.is_some()
+    }
+}
+
+struct VecAttr<'c, T> {
+    cx: &'c Ctxt,
+    name: Symbol,
+    first_dup_tokens: TokenStream,
+    values: Vec<T>,
+}
+
+impl<'c, T> VecAttr<'c, T> {
+    fn none(cx: &'c Ctxt, name: Symbol) -> Self {
+        VecAttr {
+            cx,
+            name,
+            first_dup_tokens: TokenStream::new(),
+            values: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn insert<A: ToTokens>(&mut self, obj: A, value: T) {
+        if self.values.len() == 1 {
+            self.first_dup_tokens = obj.into_token_stream();
+        }
+        self.values.push(value);
+    }
+
+    fn at_most_one(mut self) -> Result<Option<T>, ()> {
+        if self.values.len() > 1 {
+            let dup_token = self.first_dup_tokens;
+            self.cx.error_spanned_by(
+                dup_token,
+                format!("duplicate serde attribute `{}`", self.name),
+            );
+            Err(())
+        } else {
+            Ok(self.values.pop())
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get(self) -> Vec<T> {
+        self.values
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Name {
+    serialize: String,
+    serialize_renamed: bool,
+    deserialize: String,
+    deserialize_renamed: bool,
+    deserialize_aliases: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+fn unraw(ident: &Ident) -> String {
+    // str::trim_start_matches was added in 1.30, trim_left_matches deprecated
+    // in 1.33. We currently support rustc back to 1.15 so we need to continue
+    // to use the deprecated one.
+    ident.to_string().trim_left_matches("r#").to_owned()
+}
+
+impl Name {
+    fn from_attrs(
+        source_name: String,
+        ser_name: Attr<String>,
+        de_name: Attr<String>,
+        de_aliases: Option<VecAttr<String>>,
+    ) -> Name {
+        let deserialize_aliases = match de_aliases {
+            Some(de_aliases) => {
+                let mut alias_list = BTreeSet::new();
+                for alias_name in de_aliases.get() {
+                    alias_list.insert(alias_name);
+                }
+                alias_list.into_iter().collect()
+            }
+            None => Vec::new(),
+        };
+
+        let ser_name = ser_name.get();
+        let ser_renamed = ser_name.is_some();
+        let de_name = de_name.get();
+        let de_renamed = de_name.is_some();
+        Name {
+            serialize: ser_name.unwrap_or_else(|| source_name.clone()),
+            serialize_renamed: ser_renamed,
+            deserialize: de_name.unwrap_or(source_name),
+            deserialize_renamed: de_renamed,
+            deserialize_aliases,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return the container name for the container when serializing.
+    pub fn serialize_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.serialize.clone()
+    }
+
+    /// Return the container name for the container when deserializing.
+    pub fn deserialize_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.deserialize.clone()
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_aliases(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        let mut aliases = self.deserialize_aliases.clone();
+        let main_name = self.deserialize_name();
+        if !aliases.contains(&main_name) {
+            aliases.push(main_name);
+        }
+        aliases
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct RenameAllRules {
+    serialize: RenameRule,
+    deserialize: RenameRule,
+}
+
+/// Represents struct or enum attribute information.
+pub struct Container {
+    name: Name,
+    transparent: bool,
+    deny_unknown_fields: bool,
+    default: Default,
+    rename_all_rules: RenameAllRules,
+    ser_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    de_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    tag: TagType,
+    type_from: Option<syn::Type>,
+    type_try_from: Option<syn::Type>,
+    type_into: Option<syn::Type>,
+    remote: Option<syn::Path>,
+    identifier: Identifier,
+    has_flatten: bool,
+    serde_path: Option<syn::Path>,
+    is_packed: bool,
+    /// Error message generated when type can't be deserialized
+    expecting: Option<String>,
+}
+
+/// Styles of representing an enum.
+pub enum TagType {
+    /// The default.
+    ///
+    /// ```json
+    /// {"variant1": {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}}
+    /// ```
+    External,
+
+    /// `#[serde(tag = "type")]`
+    ///
+    /// ```json
+    /// {"type": "variant1", "key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    /// ```
+    Internal { tag: String },
+
+    /// `#[serde(tag = "t", content = "c")]`
+    ///
+    /// ```json
+    /// {"t": "variant1", "c": {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}}
+    /// ```
+    Adjacent { tag: String, content: String },
+
+    /// `#[serde(untagged)]`
+    ///
+    /// ```json
+    /// {"key1": "value1", "key2": "value2"}
+    /// ```
+    None,
+}
+
+/// Whether this enum represents the fields of a struct or the variants of an
+/// enum.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Identifier {
+    /// It does not.
+    No,
+
+    /// This enum represents the fields of a struct. All of the variants must be
+    /// unit variants, except possibly one which is annotated with
+    /// `#[serde(other)]` and is a newtype variant.
+    Field,
+
+    /// This enum represents the variants of an enum. All of the variants must
+    /// be unit variants.
+    Variant,
+}
+
+impl Identifier {
+    #[cfg(feature = "deserialize_in_place")]
+    pub fn is_some(self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Identifier::No => false,
+            Identifier::Field | Identifier::Variant => true,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Container {
+    /// Extract out the `#[serde(...)]` attributes from an item.
+    pub fn from_ast(cx: &Ctxt, item: &syn::DeriveInput) -> Self {
+        let mut ser_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut de_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut transparent = BoolAttr::none(cx, TRANSPARENT);
+        let mut deny_unknown_fields = BoolAttr::none(cx, DENY_UNKNOWN_FIELDS);
+        let mut default = Attr::none(cx, DEFAULT);
+        let mut rename_all_ser_rule = Attr::none(cx, RENAME_ALL);
+        let mut rename_all_de_rule = Attr::none(cx, RENAME_ALL);
+        let mut ser_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut de_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut untagged = BoolAttr::none(cx, UNTAGGED);
+        let mut internal_tag = Attr::none(cx, TAG);
+        let mut content = Attr::none(cx, CONTENT);
+        let mut type_from = Attr::none(cx, FROM);
+        let mut type_try_from = Attr::none(cx, TRY_FROM);
+        let mut type_into = Attr::none(cx, INTO);
+        let mut remote = Attr::none(cx, REMOTE);
+        let mut field_identifier = BoolAttr::none(cx, FIELD_IDENTIFIER);
+        let mut variant_identifier = BoolAttr::none(cx, VARIANT_IDENTIFIER);
+        let mut serde_path = Attr::none(cx, CRATE);
+        let mut expecting = Attr::none(cx, EXPECTING);
+
+        for meta_item in item
+            .attrs
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|attr| get_serde_meta_items(cx, attr))
+            .flatten()
+        {
+            match &meta_item {
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, RENAME, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_name.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                        de_name.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename(serialize = "foo", deserialize = "bar"))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_renames(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_name.set_opt(&m.path, ser.map(syn::LitStr::value));
+                        de_name.set_opt(&m.path, de.map(syn::LitStr::value));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename_all = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == RENAME_ALL => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, RENAME_ALL, &m.lit) {
+                        match RenameRule::from_str(&s.value()) {
+                            Ok(rename_rule) => {
+                                rename_all_ser_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule);
+                                rename_all_de_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule);
+                            }
+                            Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(s, err),
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename_all(serialize = "foo", deserialize = "bar"))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == RENAME_ALL => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_renames(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        if let Some(ser) = ser {
+                            match RenameRule::from_str(&ser.value()) {
+                                Ok(rename_rule) => rename_all_ser_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule),
+                                Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(ser, err),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if let Some(de) = de {
+                            match RenameRule::from_str(&de.value()) {
+                                Ok(rename_rule) => rename_all_de_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule),
+                                Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(de, err),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(transparent)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == TRANSPARENT => {
+                    transparent.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(deny_unknown_fields)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == DENY_UNKNOWN_FIELDS => {
+                    deny_unknown_fields.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(default)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == DEFAULT => match &item.data {
+                    syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { fields, .. }) => match fields {
+                        syn::Fields::Named(_) => {
+                            default.set(word, Default::Default);
+                        }
+                        syn::Fields::Unnamed(_) | syn::Fields::Unit => cx.error_spanned_by(
+                            fields,
+                            "#[serde(default)] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                        ),
+                    },
+                    syn::Data::Enum(syn::DataEnum { enum_token, .. }) => cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        enum_token,
+                        "#[serde(default)] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                    ),
+                    syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }) => cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        union_token,
+                        "#[serde(default)] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                    ),
+                },
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(default = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == DEFAULT => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, DEFAULT, &m.lit) {
+                        match &item.data {
+                            syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { fields, .. }) => {
+                                match fields {
+                                    syn::Fields::Named(_) => {
+                                        default.set(&m.path, Default::Path(path));
+                                    }
+                                    syn::Fields::Unnamed(_) | syn::Fields::Unit => cx
+                                        .error_spanned_by(
+                                            fields,
+                                            "#[serde(default = \"...\")] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                                        ),
+                                }
+                            }
+                            syn::Data::Enum(syn::DataEnum { enum_token, .. }) => cx
+                                .error_spanned_by(
+                                    enum_token,
+                                    "#[serde(default = \"...\")] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                                ),
+                            syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion {
+                                union_token, ..
+                            }) => cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                union_token,
+                                "#[serde(default = \"...\")] can only be used on structs with named fields",
+                            ),
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound = "T: SomeBound")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok(where_predicates) = parse_lit_into_where(cx, BOUND, BOUND, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates.clone());
+                        de_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound(serialize = "...", deserialize = "..."))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_where_predicates(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_bound.set_opt(&m.path, ser);
+                        de_bound.set_opt(&m.path, de);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(untagged)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == UNTAGGED => match item.data {
+                    syn::Data::Enum(_) => {
+                        untagged.set_true(word);
+                    }
+                    syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { struct_token, .. }) => {
+                        cx.error_spanned_by(
+                            struct_token,
+                            "#[serde(untagged)] can only be used on enums",
+                        );
+                    }
+                    syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }) => {
+                        cx.error_spanned_by(
+                            union_token,
+                            "#[serde(untagged)] can only be used on enums",
+                        );
+                    }
+                },
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(tag = "type")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == TAG => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, TAG, &m.lit) {
+                        match &item.data {
+                            syn::Data::Enum(_) => {
+                                internal_tag.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                            }
+                            syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { fields, .. }) => match fields {
+                                syn::Fields::Named(_) => {
+                                    internal_tag.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                                }
+                                syn::Fields::Unnamed(_) | syn::Fields::Unit => {
+                                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                            fields,
+                                            "#[serde(tag = \"...\")] can only be used on enums and structs with named fields",
+                                        );
+                                }
+                            },
+                            syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }) => {
+                                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                    union_token,
+                                    "#[serde(tag = \"...\")] can only be used on enums and structs with named fields",
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(content = "c")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == CONTENT => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, CONTENT, &m.lit) {
+                        match &item.data {
+                            syn::Data::Enum(_) => {
+                                content.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                            }
+                            syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { struct_token, .. }) => {
+                                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                    struct_token,
+                                    "#[serde(content = \"...\")] can only be used on enums",
+                                );
+                            }
+                            syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }) => {
+                                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                    union_token,
+                                    "#[serde(content = \"...\")] can only be used on enums",
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(from = "Type")]
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == FROM => {
+                    if let Ok(from_ty) = parse_lit_into_ty(cx, FROM, &m.lit) {
+                        type_from.set_opt(&m.path, Some(from_ty));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(try_from = "Type")]
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == TRY_FROM => {
+                    if let Ok(try_from_ty) = parse_lit_into_ty(cx, TRY_FROM, &m.lit) {
+                        type_try_from.set_opt(&m.path, Some(try_from_ty));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(into = "Type")]
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == INTO => {
+                    if let Ok(into_ty) = parse_lit_into_ty(cx, INTO, &m.lit) {
+                        type_into.set_opt(&m.path, Some(into_ty));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(remote = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == REMOTE => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_path(cx, REMOTE, &m.lit) {
+                        if is_primitive_path(&path, "Self") {
+                            remote.set(&m.path, item.ident.clone().into());
+                        } else {
+                            remote.set(&m.path, path);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(field_identifier)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == FIELD_IDENTIFIER => {
+                    field_identifier.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(variant_identifier)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == VARIANT_IDENTIFIER => {
+                    variant_identifier.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(crate = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == CRATE => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_path(cx, CRATE, &m.lit) {
+                        serde_path.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(expecting = "a message")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == EXPECTING => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, EXPECTING, &m.lit) {
+                        expecting.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                Meta(meta_item) => {
+                    let path = meta_item
+                        .path()
+                        .into_token_stream()
+                        .to_string()
+                        .replace(' ', "");
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        meta_item.path(),
+                        format!("unknown serde container attribute `{}`", path),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                Lit(lit) => {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(lit, "unexpected literal in serde container attribute");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut is_packed = false;
+        for attr in &item.attrs {
+            if attr.path.is_ident("repr") {
+                let _ = attr.parse_args_with(|input: ParseStream| {
+                    while let Some(token) = input.parse()? {
+                        if let TokenTree::Ident(ident) = token {
+                            is_packed |= ident == "packed";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    Ok(())
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        Container {
+            name: Name::from_attrs(unraw(&item.ident), ser_name, de_name, None),
+            transparent: transparent.get(),
+            deny_unknown_fields: deny_unknown_fields.get(),
+            default: default.get().unwrap_or(Default::None),
+            rename_all_rules: RenameAllRules {
+                serialize: rename_all_ser_rule.get().unwrap_or(RenameRule::None),
+                deserialize: rename_all_de_rule.get().unwrap_or(RenameRule::None),
+            },
+            ser_bound: ser_bound.get(),
+            de_bound: de_bound.get(),
+            tag: decide_tag(cx, item, untagged, internal_tag, content),
+            type_from: type_from.get(),
+            type_try_from: type_try_from.get(),
+            type_into: type_into.get(),
+            remote: remote.get(),
+            identifier: decide_identifier(cx, item, field_identifier, variant_identifier),
+            has_flatten: false,
+            serde_path: serde_path.get(),
+            is_packed,
+            expecting: expecting.get(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &Name {
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    pub fn rename_all_rules(&self) -> &RenameAllRules {
+        &self.rename_all_rules
+    }
+
+    pub fn transparent(&self) -> bool {
+        self.transparent
+    }
+
+    pub fn deny_unknown_fields(&self) -> bool {
+        self.deny_unknown_fields
+    }
+
+    pub fn default(&self) -> &Default {
+        &self.default
+    }
+
+    pub fn ser_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.ser_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn de_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.de_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn tag(&self) -> &TagType {
+        &self.tag
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_from(&self) -> Option<&syn::Type> {
+        self.type_from.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_try_from(&self) -> Option<&syn::Type> {
+        self.type_try_from.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn type_into(&self) -> Option<&syn::Type> {
+        self.type_into.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn remote(&self) -> Option<&syn::Path> {
+        self.remote.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_packed(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_packed
+    }
+
+    pub fn identifier(&self) -> Identifier {
+        self.identifier
+    }
+
+    pub fn has_flatten(&self) -> bool {
+        self.has_flatten
+    }
+
+    pub fn mark_has_flatten(&mut self) {
+        self.has_flatten = true;
+    }
+
+    pub fn custom_serde_path(&self) -> Option<&syn::Path> {
+        self.serde_path.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn serde_path(&self) -> Cow<syn::Path> {
+        self.custom_serde_path()
+            .map_or_else(|| Cow::Owned(parse_quote!(_serde)), Cow::Borrowed)
+    }
+
+    /// Error message generated when type can't be deserialized.
+    /// If `None`, default message will be used
+    pub fn expecting(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.expecting.as_ref().map(String::as_ref)
+    }
+}
+
+fn decide_tag(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    item: &syn::DeriveInput,
+    untagged: BoolAttr,
+    internal_tag: Attr<String>,
+    content: Attr<String>,
+) -> TagType {
+    match (
+        untagged.0.get_with_tokens(),
+        internal_tag.get_with_tokens(),
+        content.get_with_tokens(),
+    ) {
+        (None, None, None) => TagType::External,
+        (Some(_), None, None) => TagType::None,
+        (None, Some((_, tag)), None) => {
+            // Check that there are no tuple variants.
+            if let syn::Data::Enum(data) = &item.data {
+                for variant in &data.variants {
+                    match &variant.fields {
+                        syn::Fields::Named(_) | syn::Fields::Unit => {}
+                        syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) => {
+                            if fields.unnamed.len() != 1 {
+                                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                    variant,
+                                    "#[serde(tag = \"...\")] cannot be used with tuple variants",
+                                );
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            TagType::Internal { tag }
+        }
+        (Some((untagged_tokens, _)), Some((tag_tokens, _)), None) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                untagged_tokens,
+                "enum cannot be both untagged and internally tagged",
+            );
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                tag_tokens,
+                "enum cannot be both untagged and internally tagged",
+            );
+            TagType::External // doesn't matter, will error
+        }
+        (None, None, Some((content_tokens, _))) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                content_tokens,
+                "#[serde(tag = \"...\", content = \"...\")] must be used together",
+            );
+            TagType::External
+        }
+        (Some((untagged_tokens, _)), None, Some((content_tokens, _))) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                untagged_tokens,
+                "untagged enum cannot have #[serde(content = \"...\")]",
+            );
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                content_tokens,
+                "untagged enum cannot have #[serde(content = \"...\")]",
+            );
+            TagType::External
+        }
+        (None, Some((_, tag)), Some((_, content))) => TagType::Adjacent { tag, content },
+        (Some((untagged_tokens, _)), Some((tag_tokens, _)), Some((content_tokens, _))) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                untagged_tokens,
+                "untagged enum cannot have #[serde(tag = \"...\", content = \"...\")]",
+            );
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                tag_tokens,
+                "untagged enum cannot have #[serde(tag = \"...\", content = \"...\")]",
+            );
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                content_tokens,
+                "untagged enum cannot have #[serde(tag = \"...\", content = \"...\")]",
+            );
+            TagType::External
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn decide_identifier(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    item: &syn::DeriveInput,
+    field_identifier: BoolAttr,
+    variant_identifier: BoolAttr,
+) -> Identifier {
+    match (
+        &item.data,
+        field_identifier.0.get_with_tokens(),
+        variant_identifier.0.get_with_tokens(),
+    ) {
+        (_, None, None) => Identifier::No,
+        (_, Some((field_identifier_tokens, _)), Some((variant_identifier_tokens, _))) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                field_identifier_tokens,
+                "#[serde(field_identifier)] and #[serde(variant_identifier)] cannot both be set",
+            );
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                variant_identifier_tokens,
+                "#[serde(field_identifier)] and #[serde(variant_identifier)] cannot both be set",
+            );
+            Identifier::No
+        }
+        (syn::Data::Enum(_), Some(_), None) => Identifier::Field,
+        (syn::Data::Enum(_), None, Some(_)) => Identifier::Variant,
+        (syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { struct_token, .. }), Some(_), None) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                struct_token,
+                "#[serde(field_identifier)] can only be used on an enum",
+            );
+            Identifier::No
+        }
+        (syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }), Some(_), None) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                union_token,
+                "#[serde(field_identifier)] can only be used on an enum",
+            );
+            Identifier::No
+        }
+        (syn::Data::Struct(syn::DataStruct { struct_token, .. }), None, Some(_)) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                struct_token,
+                "#[serde(variant_identifier)] can only be used on an enum",
+            );
+            Identifier::No
+        }
+        (syn::Data::Union(syn::DataUnion { union_token, .. }), None, Some(_)) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                union_token,
+                "#[serde(variant_identifier)] can only be used on an enum",
+            );
+            Identifier::No
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents variant attribute information
+pub struct Variant {
+    name: Name,
+    rename_all_rules: RenameAllRules,
+    ser_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    de_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    skip_deserializing: bool,
+    skip_serializing: bool,
+    other: bool,
+    serialize_with: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    deserialize_with: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    borrow: Option<syn::Meta>,
+}
+
+impl Variant {
+    pub fn from_ast(cx: &Ctxt, variant: &syn::Variant) -> Self {
+        let mut ser_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut de_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut de_aliases = VecAttr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut skip_deserializing = BoolAttr::none(cx, SKIP_DESERIALIZING);
+        let mut skip_serializing = BoolAttr::none(cx, SKIP_SERIALIZING);
+        let mut rename_all_ser_rule = Attr::none(cx, RENAME_ALL);
+        let mut rename_all_de_rule = Attr::none(cx, RENAME_ALL);
+        let mut ser_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut de_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut other = BoolAttr::none(cx, OTHER);
+        let mut serialize_with = Attr::none(cx, SERIALIZE_WITH);
+        let mut deserialize_with = Attr::none(cx, DESERIALIZE_WITH);
+        let mut borrow = Attr::none(cx, BORROW);
+
+        for meta_item in variant
+            .attrs
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|attr| get_serde_meta_items(cx, attr))
+            .flatten()
+        {
+            match &meta_item {
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, RENAME, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_name.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                        de_name.set_if_none(s.value());
+                        de_aliases.insert(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename(serialize = "foo", deserialize = "bar"))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_multiple_renames(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_name.set_opt(&m.path, ser.map(syn::LitStr::value));
+                        for de_value in de {
+                            de_name.set_if_none(de_value.value());
+                            de_aliases.insert(&m.path, de_value.value());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(alias = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == ALIAS => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, ALIAS, &m.lit) {
+                        de_aliases.insert(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename_all = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == RENAME_ALL => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, RENAME_ALL, &m.lit) {
+                        match RenameRule::from_str(&s.value()) {
+                            Ok(rename_rule) => {
+                                rename_all_ser_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule);
+                                rename_all_de_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule);
+                            }
+                            Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(s, err),
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename_all(serialize = "foo", deserialize = "bar"))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == RENAME_ALL => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_renames(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        if let Some(ser) = ser {
+                            match RenameRule::from_str(&ser.value()) {
+                                Ok(rename_rule) => rename_all_ser_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule),
+                                Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(ser, err),
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if let Some(de) = de {
+                            match RenameRule::from_str(&de.value()) {
+                                Ok(rename_rule) => rename_all_de_rule.set(&m.path, rename_rule),
+                                Err(err) => cx.error_spanned_by(de, err),
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP => {
+                    skip_serializing.set_true(word);
+                    skip_deserializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip_deserializing)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP_DESERIALIZING => {
+                    skip_deserializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip_serializing)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP_SERIALIZING => {
+                    skip_serializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(other)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == OTHER => {
+                    other.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound = "T: SomeBound")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok(where_predicates) = parse_lit_into_where(cx, BOUND, BOUND, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates.clone());
+                        de_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound(serialize = "...", deserialize = "..."))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_where_predicates(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_bound.set_opt(&m.path, ser);
+                        de_bound.set_opt(&m.path, de);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        let mut ser_path = path.clone();
+                        ser_path
+                            .path
+                            .segments
+                            .push(Ident::new("serialize", Span::call_site()).into());
+                        serialize_with.set(&m.path, ser_path);
+                        let mut de_path = path;
+                        de_path
+                            .path
+                            .segments
+                            .push(Ident::new("deserialize", Span::call_site()).into());
+                        deserialize_with.set(&m.path, de_path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(serialize_with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == SERIALIZE_WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, SERIALIZE_WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        serialize_with.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(deserialize_with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == DESERIALIZE_WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, DESERIALIZE_WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        deserialize_with.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Defer `#[serde(borrow)]` and `#[serde(borrow = "'a + 'b")]`
+                Meta(m) if m.path() == BORROW => match &variant.fields {
+                    syn::Fields::Unnamed(fields) if fields.unnamed.len() == 1 => {
+                        borrow.set(m.path(), m.clone());
+                    }
+                    _ => {
+                        cx.error_spanned_by(
+                            variant,
+                            "#[serde(borrow)] may only be used on newtype variants",
+                        );
+                    }
+                },
+
+                Meta(meta_item) => {
+                    let path = meta_item
+                        .path()
+                        .into_token_stream()
+                        .to_string()
+                        .replace(' ', "");
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        meta_item.path(),
+                        format!("unknown serde variant attribute `{}`", path),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                Lit(lit) => {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(lit, "unexpected literal in serde variant attribute");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Variant {
+            name: Name::from_attrs(unraw(&variant.ident), ser_name, de_name, Some(de_aliases)),
+            rename_all_rules: RenameAllRules {
+                serialize: rename_all_ser_rule.get().unwrap_or(RenameRule::None),
+                deserialize: rename_all_de_rule.get().unwrap_or(RenameRule::None),
+            },
+            ser_bound: ser_bound.get(),
+            de_bound: de_bound.get(),
+            skip_deserializing: skip_deserializing.get(),
+            skip_serializing: skip_serializing.get(),
+            other: other.get(),
+            serialize_with: serialize_with.get(),
+            deserialize_with: deserialize_with.get(),
+            borrow: borrow.get(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &Name {
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    pub fn aliases(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.name.deserialize_aliases()
+    }
+
+    pub fn rename_by_rules(&mut self, rules: &RenameAllRules) {
+        if !self.name.serialize_renamed {
+            self.name.serialize = rules.serialize.apply_to_variant(&self.name.serialize);
+        }
+        if !self.name.deserialize_renamed {
+            self.name.deserialize = rules.deserialize.apply_to_variant(&self.name.deserialize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn rename_all_rules(&self) -> &RenameAllRules {
+        &self.rename_all_rules
+    }
+
+    pub fn ser_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.ser_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn de_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.de_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn skip_deserializing(&self) -> bool {
+        self.skip_deserializing
+    }
+
+    pub fn skip_serializing(&self) -> bool {
+        self.skip_serializing
+    }
+
+    pub fn other(&self) -> bool {
+        self.other
+    }
+
+    pub fn serialize_with(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.serialize_with.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize_with(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.deserialize_with.as_ref()
+    }
+}
+
+/// Represents field attribute information
+pub struct Field {
+    name: Name,
+    skip_serializing: bool,
+    skip_deserializing: bool,
+    skip_serializing_if: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    default: Default,
+    serialize_with: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    deserialize_with: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    ser_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    de_bound: Option<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>,
+    borrowed_lifetimes: BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>,
+    getter: Option<syn::ExprPath>,
+    flatten: bool,
+    transparent: bool,
+}
+
+/// Represents the default to use for a field when deserializing.
+pub enum Default {
+    /// Field must always be specified because it does not have a default.
+    None,
+    /// The default is given by `std::default::Default::default()`.
+    Default,
+    /// The default is given by this function.
+    Path(syn::ExprPath),
+}
+
+impl Default {
+    pub fn is_none(&self) -> bool {
+        match self {
+            Default::None => true,
+            Default::Default | Default::Path(_) => false,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Field {
+    /// Extract out the `#[serde(...)]` attributes from a struct field.
+    pub fn from_ast(
+        cx: &Ctxt,
+        index: usize,
+        field: &syn::Field,
+        attrs: Option<&Variant>,
+        container_default: &Default,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut ser_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut de_name = Attr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut de_aliases = VecAttr::none(cx, RENAME);
+        let mut skip_serializing = BoolAttr::none(cx, SKIP_SERIALIZING);
+        let mut skip_deserializing = BoolAttr::none(cx, SKIP_DESERIALIZING);
+        let mut skip_serializing_if = Attr::none(cx, SKIP_SERIALIZING_IF);
+        let mut default = Attr::none(cx, DEFAULT);
+        let mut serialize_with = Attr::none(cx, SERIALIZE_WITH);
+        let mut deserialize_with = Attr::none(cx, DESERIALIZE_WITH);
+        let mut ser_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut de_bound = Attr::none(cx, BOUND);
+        let mut borrowed_lifetimes = Attr::none(cx, BORROW);
+        let mut getter = Attr::none(cx, GETTER);
+        let mut flatten = BoolAttr::none(cx, FLATTEN);
+
+        let ident = match &field.ident {
+            Some(ident) => unraw(ident),
+            None => index.to_string(),
+        };
+
+        let variant_borrow = attrs
+            .and_then(|variant| variant.borrow.as_ref())
+            .map(|borrow| Meta(borrow.clone()));
+
+        for meta_item in field
+            .attrs
+            .iter()
+            .flat_map(|attr| get_serde_meta_items(cx, attr))
+            .flatten()
+            .chain(variant_borrow)
+        {
+            match &meta_item {
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, RENAME, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_name.set(&m.path, s.value());
+                        de_name.set_if_none(s.value());
+                        de_aliases.insert(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(rename(serialize = "foo", deserialize = "bar"))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == RENAME => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_multiple_renames(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_name.set_opt(&m.path, ser.map(syn::LitStr::value));
+                        for de_value in de {
+                            de_name.set_if_none(de_value.value());
+                            de_aliases.insert(&m.path, de_value.value());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(alias = "foo")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == ALIAS => {
+                    if let Ok(s) = get_lit_str(cx, ALIAS, &m.lit) {
+                        de_aliases.insert(&m.path, s.value());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(default)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == DEFAULT => {
+                    default.set(word, Default::Default);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(default = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == DEFAULT => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, DEFAULT, &m.lit) {
+                        default.set(&m.path, Default::Path(path));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip_serializing)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP_SERIALIZING => {
+                    skip_serializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip_deserializing)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP_DESERIALIZING => {
+                    skip_deserializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == SKIP => {
+                    skip_serializing.set_true(word);
+                    skip_deserializing.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(skip_serializing_if = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == SKIP_SERIALIZING_IF => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, SKIP_SERIALIZING_IF, &m.lit) {
+                        skip_serializing_if.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(serialize_with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == SERIALIZE_WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, SERIALIZE_WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        serialize_with.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(deserialize_with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == DESERIALIZE_WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, DESERIALIZE_WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        deserialize_with.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(with = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == WITH => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, WITH, &m.lit) {
+                        let mut ser_path = path.clone();
+                        ser_path
+                            .path
+                            .segments
+                            .push(Ident::new("serialize", Span::call_site()).into());
+                        serialize_with.set(&m.path, ser_path);
+                        let mut de_path = path;
+                        de_path
+                            .path
+                            .segments
+                            .push(Ident::new("deserialize", Span::call_site()).into());
+                        deserialize_with.set(&m.path, de_path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound = "T: SomeBound")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok(where_predicates) = parse_lit_into_where(cx, BOUND, BOUND, &m.lit) {
+                        ser_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates.clone());
+                        de_bound.set(&m.path, where_predicates);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(bound(serialize = "...", deserialize = "..."))]`
+                Meta(List(m)) if m.path == BOUND => {
+                    if let Ok((ser, de)) = get_where_predicates(cx, &m.nested) {
+                        ser_bound.set_opt(&m.path, ser);
+                        de_bound.set_opt(&m.path, de);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(borrow)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == BORROW => {
+                    if let Ok(borrowable) = borrowable_lifetimes(cx, &ident, field) {
+                        borrowed_lifetimes.set(word, borrowable);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(borrow = "'a + 'b")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == BORROW => {
+                    if let Ok(lifetimes) = parse_lit_into_lifetimes(cx, BORROW, &m.lit) {
+                        if let Ok(borrowable) = borrowable_lifetimes(cx, &ident, field) {
+                            for lifetime in &lifetimes {
+                                if !borrowable.contains(lifetime) {
+                                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                                        field,
+                                        format!(
+                                            "field `{}` does not have lifetime {}",
+                                            ident, lifetime
+                                        ),
+                                    );
+                                }
+                            }
+                            borrowed_lifetimes.set(&m.path, lifetimes);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(getter = "...")]`
+                Meta(NameValue(m)) if m.path == GETTER => {
+                    if let Ok(path) = parse_lit_into_expr_path(cx, GETTER, &m.lit) {
+                        getter.set(&m.path, path);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Parse `#[serde(flatten)]`
+                Meta(Path(word)) if word == FLATTEN => {
+                    flatten.set_true(word);
+                }
+
+                Meta(meta_item) => {
+                    let path = meta_item
+                        .path()
+                        .into_token_stream()
+                        .to_string()
+                        .replace(' ', "");
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        meta_item.path(),
+                        format!("unknown serde field attribute `{}`", path),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                Lit(lit) => {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(lit, "unexpected literal in serde field attribute");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Is skip_deserializing, initialize the field to Default::default() unless a
+        // different default is specified by `#[serde(default = "...")]` on
+        // ourselves or our container (e.g. the struct we are in).
+        if let Default::None = *container_default {
+            if skip_deserializing.0.value.is_some() {
+                default.set_if_none(Default::Default);
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut borrowed_lifetimes = borrowed_lifetimes.get().unwrap_or_default();
+        if !borrowed_lifetimes.is_empty() {
+            // Cow<str> and Cow<[u8]> never borrow by default:
+            //
+            //     impl<'de, 'a, T: ?Sized> Deserialize<'de> for Cow<'a, T>
+            //
+            // A #[serde(borrow)] attribute enables borrowing that corresponds
+            // roughly to these impls:
+            //
+            //     impl<'de: 'a, 'a> Deserialize<'de> for Cow<'a, str>
+            //     impl<'de: 'a, 'a> Deserialize<'de> for Cow<'a, [u8]>
+            if is_cow(&field.ty, is_str) {
+                let mut path = syn::Path {
+                    leading_colon: None,
+                    segments: Punctuated::new(),
+                };
+                let span = Span::call_site();
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("_serde", span).into());
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("__private", span).into());
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("de", span).into());
+                path.segments
+                    .push(Ident::new("borrow_cow_str", span).into());
+                let expr = syn::ExprPath {
+                    attrs: Vec::new(),
+                    qself: None,
+                    path,
+                };
+                deserialize_with.set_if_none(expr);
+            } else if is_cow(&field.ty, is_slice_u8) {
+                let mut path = syn::Path {
+                    leading_colon: None,
+                    segments: Punctuated::new(),
+                };
+                let span = Span::call_site();
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("_serde", span).into());
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("__private", span).into());
+                path.segments.push(Ident::new("de", span).into());
+                path.segments
+                    .push(Ident::new("borrow_cow_bytes", span).into());
+                let expr = syn::ExprPath {
+                    attrs: Vec::new(),
+                    qself: None,
+                    path,
+                };
+                deserialize_with.set_if_none(expr);
+            }
+        } else if is_implicitly_borrowed(&field.ty) {
+            // Types &str and &[u8] are always implicitly borrowed. No need for
+            // a #[serde(borrow)].
+            collect_lifetimes(&field.ty, &mut borrowed_lifetimes);
+        }
+
+        Field {
+            name: Name::from_attrs(ident, ser_name, de_name, Some(de_aliases)),
+            skip_serializing: skip_serializing.get(),
+            skip_deserializing: skip_deserializing.get(),
+            skip_serializing_if: skip_serializing_if.get(),
+            default: default.get().unwrap_or(Default::None),
+            serialize_with: serialize_with.get(),
+            deserialize_with: deserialize_with.get(),
+            ser_bound: ser_bound.get(),
+            de_bound: de_bound.get(),
+            borrowed_lifetimes,
+            getter: getter.get(),
+            flatten: flatten.get(),
+            transparent: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &Name {
+        &self.name
+    }
+
+    pub fn aliases(&self) -> Vec<String> {
+        self.name.deserialize_aliases()
+    }
+
+    pub fn rename_by_rules(&mut self, rules: &RenameAllRules) {
+        if !self.name.serialize_renamed {
+            self.name.serialize = rules.serialize.apply_to_field(&self.name.serialize);
+        }
+        if !self.name.deserialize_renamed {
+            self.name.deserialize = rules.deserialize.apply_to_field(&self.name.deserialize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn skip_serializing(&self) -> bool {
+        self.skip_serializing
+    }
+
+    pub fn skip_deserializing(&self) -> bool {
+        self.skip_deserializing
+    }
+
+    pub fn skip_serializing_if(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.skip_serializing_if.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn default(&self) -> &Default {
+        &self.default
+    }
+
+    pub fn serialize_with(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.serialize_with.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn deserialize_with(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.deserialize_with.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn ser_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.ser_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn de_bound(&self) -> Option<&[syn::WherePredicate]> {
+        self.de_bound.as_ref().map(|vec| &vec[..])
+    }
+
+    pub fn borrowed_lifetimes(&self) -> &BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime> {
+        &self.borrowed_lifetimes
+    }
+
+    pub fn getter(&self) -> Option<&syn::ExprPath> {
+        self.getter.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    pub fn flatten(&self) -> bool {
+        self.flatten
+    }
+
+    pub fn transparent(&self) -> bool {
+        self.transparent
+    }
+
+    pub fn mark_transparent(&mut self) {
+        self.transparent = true;
+    }
+}
+
+type SerAndDe<T> = (Option<T>, Option<T>);
+
+fn get_ser_and_de<'a, 'b, T, F>(
+    cx: &'b Ctxt,
+    attr_name: Symbol,
+    metas: &'a Punctuated<syn::NestedMeta, Token![,]>,
+    f: F,
+) -> Result<(VecAttr<'b, T>, VecAttr<'b, T>), ()>
+where
+    T: 'a,
+    F: Fn(&Ctxt, Symbol, Symbol, &'a syn::Lit) -> Result<T, ()>,
+{
+    let mut ser_meta = VecAttr::none(cx, attr_name);
+    let mut de_meta = VecAttr::none(cx, attr_name);
+
+    for meta in metas {
+        match meta {
+            Meta(NameValue(meta)) if meta.path == SERIALIZE => {
+                if let Ok(v) = f(cx, attr_name, SERIALIZE, &meta.lit) {
+                    ser_meta.insert(&meta.path, v);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Meta(NameValue(meta)) if meta.path == DESERIALIZE => {
+                if let Ok(v) = f(cx, attr_name, DESERIALIZE, &meta.lit) {
+                    de_meta.insert(&meta.path, v);
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    meta,
+                    format!(
+                        "malformed {0} attribute, expected `{0}(serialize = ..., deserialize = ...)`",
+                        attr_name
+                    ),
+                );
+                return Err(());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok((ser_meta, de_meta))
+}
+
+fn get_renames<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    items: &'a Punctuated<syn::NestedMeta, Token![,]>,
+) -> Result<SerAndDe<&'a syn::LitStr>, ()> {
+    let (ser, de) = get_ser_and_de(cx, RENAME, items, get_lit_str2)?;
+    Ok((ser.at_most_one()?, de.at_most_one()?))
+}
+
+fn get_multiple_renames<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    items: &'a Punctuated<syn::NestedMeta, Token![,]>,
+) -> Result<(Option<&'a syn::LitStr>, Vec<&'a syn::LitStr>), ()> {
+    let (ser, de) = get_ser_and_de(cx, RENAME, items, get_lit_str2)?;
+    Ok((ser.at_most_one()?, de.get()))
+}
+
+fn get_where_predicates(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    items: &Punctuated<syn::NestedMeta, Token![,]>,
+) -> Result<SerAndDe<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>>, ()> {
+    let (ser, de) = get_ser_and_de(cx, BOUND, items, parse_lit_into_where)?;
+    Ok((ser.at_most_one()?, de.at_most_one()?))
+}
+
+pub fn get_serde_meta_items(cx: &Ctxt, attr: &syn::Attribute) -> Result<Vec<syn::NestedMeta>, ()> {
+    if attr.path != SERDE {
+        return Ok(Vec::new());
+    }
+
+    match attr.parse_meta() {
+        Ok(List(meta)) => Ok(meta.nested.into_iter().collect()),
+        Ok(other) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(other, "expected #[serde(...)]");
+            Err(())
+        }
+        Err(err) => {
+            cx.syn_error(err);
+            Err(())
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_lit_str<'a>(cx: &Ctxt, attr_name: Symbol, lit: &'a syn::Lit) -> Result<&'a syn::LitStr, ()> {
+    get_lit_str2(cx, attr_name, attr_name, lit)
+}
+
+fn get_lit_str2<'a>(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    attr_name: Symbol,
+    meta_item_name: Symbol,
+    lit: &'a syn::Lit,
+) -> Result<&'a syn::LitStr, ()> {
+    if let syn::Lit::Str(lit) = lit {
+        Ok(lit)
+    } else {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            lit,
+            format!(
+                "expected serde {} attribute to be a string: `{} = \"...\"`",
+                attr_name, meta_item_name
+            ),
+        );
+        Err(())
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_lit_into_path(cx: &Ctxt, attr_name: Symbol, lit: &syn::Lit) -> Result<syn::Path, ()> {
+    let string = get_lit_str(cx, attr_name, lit)?;
+    parse_lit_str(string).map_err(|_| {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(lit, format!("failed to parse path: {:?}", string.value()));
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_lit_into_expr_path(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    attr_name: Symbol,
+    lit: &syn::Lit,
+) -> Result<syn::ExprPath, ()> {
+    let string = get_lit_str(cx, attr_name, lit)?;
+    parse_lit_str(string).map_err(|_| {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(lit, format!("failed to parse path: {:?}", string.value()));
+    })
+}
+
+fn parse_lit_into_where(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    attr_name: Symbol,
+    meta_item_name: Symbol,
+    lit: &syn::Lit,
+) -> Result<Vec<syn::WherePredicate>, ()> {
+    let string = get_lit_str2(cx, attr_name, meta_item_name, lit)?;
+    if string.value().is_empty() {
+        return Ok(Vec::new());
+    }
+
+    let where_string = syn::LitStr::new(&format!("where {}", string.value()), string.span());
+
+    parse_lit_str::<syn::WhereClause>(&where_string)
+        .map(|wh| wh.predicates.into_iter().collect())
+        .map_err(|err| cx.error_spanned_by(lit, err))
+}
+
+fn parse_lit_into_ty(cx: &Ctxt, attr_name: Symbol, lit: &syn::Lit) -> Result<syn::Type, ()> {
+    let string = get_lit_str(cx, attr_name, lit)?;
+
+    parse_lit_str(string).map_err(|_| {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            lit,
+            format!("failed to parse type: {} = {:?}", attr_name, string.value()),
+        );
+    })
+}
+
+// Parses a string literal like "'a + 'b + 'c" containing a nonempty list of
+// lifetimes separated by `+`.
+fn parse_lit_into_lifetimes(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    attr_name: Symbol,
+    lit: &syn::Lit,
+) -> Result<BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>, ()> {
+    let string = get_lit_str(cx, attr_name, lit)?;
+    if string.value().is_empty() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(lit, "at least one lifetime must be borrowed");
+        return Err(());
+    }
+
+    struct BorrowedLifetimes(Punctuated<syn::Lifetime, Token![+]>);
+
+    impl Parse for BorrowedLifetimes {
+        fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> parse::Result<Self> {
+            Punctuated::parse_separated_nonempty(input).map(BorrowedLifetimes)
+        }
+    }
+
+    if let Ok(BorrowedLifetimes(lifetimes)) = parse_lit_str(string) {
+        let mut set = BTreeSet::new();
+        for lifetime in lifetimes {
+            if !set.insert(lifetime.clone()) {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(lit, format!("duplicate borrowed lifetime `{}`", lifetime));
+            }
+        }
+        return Ok(set);
+    }
+
+    cx.error_spanned_by(
+        lit,
+        format!("failed to parse borrowed lifetimes: {:?}", string.value()),
+    );
+    Err(())
+}
+
+fn is_implicitly_borrowed(ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
+    is_implicitly_borrowed_reference(ty) || is_option(ty, is_implicitly_borrowed_reference)
+}
+
+fn is_implicitly_borrowed_reference(ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
+    is_reference(ty, is_str) || is_reference(ty, is_slice_u8)
+}
+
+// Whether the type looks like it might be `std::borrow::Cow<T>` where elem="T".
+// This can have false negatives and false positives.
+//
+// False negative:
+//
+//     use std::borrow::Cow as Pig;
+//
+//     #[derive(Deserialize)]
+//     struct S<'a> {
+//         #[serde(borrow)]
+//         pig: Pig<'a, str>,
+//     }
+//
+// False positive:
+//
+//     type str = [i16];
+//
+//     #[derive(Deserialize)]
+//     struct S<'a> {
+//         #[serde(borrow)]
+//         cow: Cow<'a, str>,
+//     }
+fn is_cow(ty: &syn::Type, elem: fn(&syn::Type) -> bool) -> bool {
+    let path = match ungroup(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Path(ty) => &ty.path,
+        _ => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    let seg = match path.segments.last() {
+        Some(seg) => seg,
+        None => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    let args = match &seg.arguments {
+        syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(bracketed) => &bracketed.args,
+        _ => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    seg.ident == "Cow"
+        && args.len() == 2
+        && match (&args[0], &args[1]) {
+            (syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(_), syn::GenericArgument::Type(arg)) => elem(arg),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+}
+
+fn is_option(ty: &syn::Type, elem: fn(&syn::Type) -> bool) -> bool {
+    let path = match ungroup(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Path(ty) => &ty.path,
+        _ => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    let seg = match path.segments.last() {
+        Some(seg) => seg,
+        None => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    let args = match &seg.arguments {
+        syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(bracketed) => &bracketed.args,
+        _ => {
+            return false;
+        }
+    };
+    seg.ident == "Option"
+        && args.len() == 1
+        && match &args[0] {
+            syn::GenericArgument::Type(arg) => elem(arg),
+            _ => false,
+        }
+}
+
+// Whether the type looks like it might be `&T` where elem="T". This can have
+// false negatives and false positives.
+//
+// False negative:
+//
+//     type Yarn = str;
+//
+//     #[derive(Deserialize)]
+//     struct S<'a> {
+//         r: &'a Yarn,
+//     }
+//
+// False positive:
+//
+//     type str = [i16];
+//
+//     #[derive(Deserialize)]
+//     struct S<'a> {
+//         r: &'a str,
+//     }
+fn is_reference(ty: &syn::Type, elem: fn(&syn::Type) -> bool) -> bool {
+    match ungroup(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Reference(ty) => ty.mutability.is_none() && elem(&ty.elem),
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_str(ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
+    is_primitive_type(ty, "str")
+}
+
+fn is_slice_u8(ty: &syn::Type) -> bool {
+    match ungroup(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Slice(ty) => is_primitive_type(&ty.elem, "u8"),
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_primitive_type(ty: &syn::Type, primitive: &str) -> bool {
+    match ungroup(ty) {
+        syn::Type::Path(ty) => ty.qself.is_none() && is_primitive_path(&ty.path, primitive),
+        _ => false,
+    }
+}
+
+fn is_primitive_path(path: &syn::Path, primitive: &str) -> bool {
+    path.leading_colon.is_none()
+        && path.segments.len() == 1
+        && path.segments[0].ident == primitive
+        && path.segments[0].arguments.is_empty()
+}
+
+// All lifetimes that this type could borrow from a Deserializer.
+//
+// For example a type `S<'a, 'b>` could borrow `'a` and `'b`. On the other hand
+// a type `for<'a> fn(&'a str)` could not borrow `'a` from the Deserializer.
+//
+// This is used when there is an explicit or implicit `#[serde(borrow)]`
+// attribute on the field so there must be at least one borrowable lifetime.
+fn borrowable_lifetimes(
+    cx: &Ctxt,
+    name: &str,
+    field: &syn::Field,
+) -> Result<BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>, ()> {
+    let mut lifetimes = BTreeSet::new();
+    collect_lifetimes(&field.ty, &mut lifetimes);
+    if lifetimes.is_empty() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            field,
+            format!("field `{}` has no lifetimes to borrow", name),
+        );
+        Err(())
+    } else {
+        Ok(lifetimes)
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_lifetimes(ty: &syn::Type, out: &mut BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>) {
+    match ty {
+        syn::Type::Slice(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Array(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Ptr(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Reference(ty) => {
+            out.extend(ty.lifetime.iter().cloned());
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Tuple(ty) => {
+            for elem in &ty.elems {
+                collect_lifetimes(elem, out);
+            }
+        }
+        syn::Type::Path(ty) => {
+            if let Some(qself) = &ty.qself {
+                collect_lifetimes(&qself.ty, out);
+            }
+            for seg in &ty.path.segments {
+                if let syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(bracketed) = &seg.arguments {
+                    for arg in &bracketed.args {
+                        match arg {
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(lifetime) => {
+                                out.insert(lifetime.clone());
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Type(ty) => {
+                                collect_lifetimes(ty, out);
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Binding(binding) => {
+                                collect_lifetimes(&binding.ty, out);
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Constraint(_)
+                            | syn::GenericArgument::Const(_) => {}
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        syn::Type::Paren(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Group(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes(&ty.elem, out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::Macro(ty) => {
+            collect_lifetimes_from_tokens(ty.mac.tokens.clone(), out);
+        }
+        syn::Type::BareFn(_)
+        | syn::Type::Never(_)
+        | syn::Type::TraitObject(_)
+        | syn::Type::ImplTrait(_)
+        | syn::Type::Infer(_)
+        | syn::Type::Verbatim(_) => {}
+
+        #[cfg_attr(all(test, exhaustive), deny(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns))]
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+fn collect_lifetimes_from_tokens(tokens: TokenStream, out: &mut BTreeSet<syn::Lifetime>) {
+    let mut iter = tokens.into_iter();
+    while let Some(tt) = iter.next() {
+        match &tt {
+            TokenTree::Punct(op) if op.as_char() == '\'' && op.spacing() == Spacing::Joint => {
+                if let Some(TokenTree::Ident(ident)) = iter.next() {
+                    out.insert(syn::Lifetime {
+                        apostrophe: op.span(),
+                        ident,
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+            TokenTree::Group(group) => {
+                let tokens = group.stream();
+                collect_lifetimes_from_tokens(tokens, out);
+            }
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn parse_lit_str<T>(s: &syn::LitStr) -> parse::Result<T>
+where
+    T: Parse,
+{
+    let tokens = spanned_tokens(s)?;
+    syn::parse2(tokens)
+}
+
+fn spanned_tokens(s: &syn::LitStr) -> parse::Result<TokenStream> {
+    let stream = syn::parse_str(&s.value())?;
+    Ok(respan(stream, s.span()))
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/case.rs b/src/internals/case.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5545051
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/case.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+//! Code to convert the Rust-styled field/variant (e.g. `my_field`, `MyType`) to the
+//! case of the source (e.g. `my-field`, `MY_FIELD`).
+
+// See https://users.rust-lang.org/t/psa-dealing-with-warning-unused-import-std-ascii-asciiext-in-today-s-nightly/13726
+#[allow(deprecated, unused_imports)]
+use std::ascii::AsciiExt;
+
+use std::fmt::{self, Debug, Display};
+
+use self::RenameRule::*;
+
+/// The different possible ways to change case of fields in a struct, or variants in an enum.
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq)]
+pub enum RenameRule {
+    /// Don't apply a default rename rule.
+    None,
+    /// Rename direct children to "lowercase" style.
+    LowerCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "UPPERCASE" style.
+    UpperCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "PascalCase" style, as typically used for
+    /// enum variants.
+    PascalCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "camelCase" style.
+    CamelCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "snake_case" style, as commonly used for
+    /// fields.
+    SnakeCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE" style, as commonly
+    /// used for constants.
+    ScreamingSnakeCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "kebab-case" style.
+    KebabCase,
+    /// Rename direct children to "SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE" style.
+    ScreamingKebabCase,
+}
+
+static RENAME_RULES: &[(&str, RenameRule)] = &[
+    ("lowercase", LowerCase),
+    ("UPPERCASE", UpperCase),
+    ("PascalCase", PascalCase),
+    ("camelCase", CamelCase),
+    ("snake_case", SnakeCase),
+    ("SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE", ScreamingSnakeCase),
+    ("kebab-case", KebabCase),
+    ("SCREAMING-KEBAB-CASE", ScreamingKebabCase),
+];
+
+impl RenameRule {
+    pub fn from_str(rename_all_str: &str) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
+        for (name, rule) in RENAME_RULES {
+            if rename_all_str == *name {
+                return Ok(*rule);
+            }
+        }
+        Err(ParseError {
+            unknown: rename_all_str,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Apply a renaming rule to an enum variant, returning the version expected in the source.
+    pub fn apply_to_variant(&self, variant: &str) -> String {
+        match *self {
+            None | PascalCase => variant.to_owned(),
+            LowerCase => variant.to_ascii_lowercase(),
+            UpperCase => variant.to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            CamelCase => variant[..1].to_ascii_lowercase() + &variant[1..],
+            SnakeCase => {
+                let mut snake = String::new();
+                for (i, ch) in variant.char_indices() {
+                    if i > 0 && ch.is_uppercase() {
+                        snake.push('_');
+                    }
+                    snake.push(ch.to_ascii_lowercase());
+                }
+                snake
+            }
+            ScreamingSnakeCase => SnakeCase.apply_to_variant(variant).to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            KebabCase => SnakeCase.apply_to_variant(variant).replace('_', "-"),
+            ScreamingKebabCase => ScreamingSnakeCase
+                .apply_to_variant(variant)
+                .replace('_', "-"),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Apply a renaming rule to a struct field, returning the version expected in the source.
+    pub fn apply_to_field(&self, field: &str) -> String {
+        match *self {
+            None | LowerCase | SnakeCase => field.to_owned(),
+            UpperCase => field.to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            PascalCase => {
+                let mut pascal = String::new();
+                let mut capitalize = true;
+                for ch in field.chars() {
+                    if ch == '_' {
+                        capitalize = true;
+                    } else if capitalize {
+                        pascal.push(ch.to_ascii_uppercase());
+                        capitalize = false;
+                    } else {
+                        pascal.push(ch);
+                    }
+                }
+                pascal
+            }
+            CamelCase => {
+                let pascal = PascalCase.apply_to_field(field);
+                pascal[..1].to_ascii_lowercase() + &pascal[1..]
+            }
+            ScreamingSnakeCase => field.to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            KebabCase => field.replace('_', "-"),
+            ScreamingKebabCase => ScreamingSnakeCase.apply_to_field(field).replace('_', "-"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct ParseError<'a> {
+    unknown: &'a str,
+}
+
+impl<'a> Display for ParseError<'a> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("unknown rename rule `rename_all = ")?;
+        Debug::fmt(self.unknown, f)?;
+        f.write_str("`, expected one of ")?;
+        for (i, (name, _rule)) in RENAME_RULES.iter().enumerate() {
+            if i > 0 {
+                f.write_str(", ")?;
+            }
+            Debug::fmt(name, f)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rename_variants() {
+    for &(original, lower, upper, camel, snake, screaming, kebab, screaming_kebab) in &[
+        (
+            "Outcome", "outcome", "OUTCOME", "outcome", "outcome", "OUTCOME", "outcome", "OUTCOME",
+        ),
+        (
+            "VeryTasty",
+            "verytasty",
+            "VERYTASTY",
+            "veryTasty",
+            "very_tasty",
+            "VERY_TASTY",
+            "very-tasty",
+            "VERY-TASTY",
+        ),
+        ("A", "a", "A", "a", "a", "A", "a", "A"),
+        ("Z42", "z42", "Z42", "z42", "z42", "Z42", "z42", "Z42"),
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(None.apply_to_variant(original), original);
+        assert_eq!(LowerCase.apply_to_variant(original), lower);
+        assert_eq!(UpperCase.apply_to_variant(original), upper);
+        assert_eq!(PascalCase.apply_to_variant(original), original);
+        assert_eq!(CamelCase.apply_to_variant(original), camel);
+        assert_eq!(SnakeCase.apply_to_variant(original), snake);
+        assert_eq!(ScreamingSnakeCase.apply_to_variant(original), screaming);
+        assert_eq!(KebabCase.apply_to_variant(original), kebab);
+        assert_eq!(
+            ScreamingKebabCase.apply_to_variant(original),
+            screaming_kebab
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn rename_fields() {
+    for &(original, upper, pascal, camel, screaming, kebab, screaming_kebab) in &[
+        (
+            "outcome", "OUTCOME", "Outcome", "outcome", "OUTCOME", "outcome", "OUTCOME",
+        ),
+        (
+            "very_tasty",
+            "VERY_TASTY",
+            "VeryTasty",
+            "veryTasty",
+            "VERY_TASTY",
+            "very-tasty",
+            "VERY-TASTY",
+        ),
+        ("a", "A", "A", "a", "A", "a", "A"),
+        ("z42", "Z42", "Z42", "z42", "Z42", "z42", "Z42"),
+    ] {
+        assert_eq!(None.apply_to_field(original), original);
+        assert_eq!(UpperCase.apply_to_field(original), upper);
+        assert_eq!(PascalCase.apply_to_field(original), pascal);
+        assert_eq!(CamelCase.apply_to_field(original), camel);
+        assert_eq!(SnakeCase.apply_to_field(original), original);
+        assert_eq!(ScreamingSnakeCase.apply_to_field(original), screaming);
+        assert_eq!(KebabCase.apply_to_field(original), kebab);
+        assert_eq!(ScreamingKebabCase.apply_to_field(original), screaming_kebab);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/check.rs b/src/internals/check.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb1297a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/check.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+use internals::ast::{Container, Data, Field, Style};
+use internals::attr::{Identifier, TagType};
+use internals::{ungroup, Ctxt, Derive};
+use syn::{Member, Type};
+
+/// Cross-cutting checks that require looking at more than a single attrs
+/// object. Simpler checks should happen when parsing and building the attrs.
+pub fn check(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &mut Container, derive: Derive) {
+    check_remote_generic(cx, cont);
+    check_getter(cx, cont);
+    check_flatten(cx, cont);
+    check_identifier(cx, cont);
+    check_variant_skip_attrs(cx, cont);
+    check_internal_tag_field_name_conflict(cx, cont);
+    check_adjacent_tag_conflict(cx, cont);
+    check_transparent(cx, cont, derive);
+    check_from_and_try_from(cx, cont);
+}
+
+/// Remote derive definition type must have either all of the generics of the
+/// remote type:
+///
+///     #[serde(remote = "Generic")]
+///     struct Generic<T> {…}
+///
+/// or none of them, i.e. defining impls for one concrete instantiation of the
+/// remote type only:
+///
+///     #[serde(remote = "Generic<T>")]
+///     struct ConcreteDef {…}
+///
+fn check_remote_generic(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    if let Some(remote) = cont.attrs.remote() {
+        let local_has_generic = !cont.generics.params.is_empty();
+        let remote_has_generic = !remote.segments.last().unwrap().arguments.is_none();
+        if local_has_generic && remote_has_generic {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(remote, "remove generic parameters from this path");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Getters are only allowed inside structs (not enums) with the `remote`
+/// attribute.
+fn check_getter(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    match cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(_) => {
+            if cont.data.has_getter() {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "#[serde(getter = \"...\")] is not allowed in an enum",
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => {
+            if cont.data.has_getter() && cont.attrs.remote().is_none() {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "#[serde(getter = \"...\")] can only be used in structs that have #[serde(remote = \"...\")]",
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Flattening has some restrictions we can test.
+fn check_flatten(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => {
+            for variant in variants {
+                for field in &variant.fields {
+                    check_flatten_field(cx, variant.style, field);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Data::Struct(style, fields) => {
+            for field in fields {
+                check_flatten_field(cx, *style, field);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_flatten_field(cx: &Ctxt, style: Style, field: &Field) {
+    if !field.attrs.flatten() {
+        return;
+    }
+    match style {
+        Style::Tuple => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                field.original,
+                "#[serde(flatten)] cannot be used on tuple structs",
+            );
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                field.original,
+                "#[serde(flatten)] cannot be used on newtype structs",
+            );
+        }
+        _ => {}
+    }
+}
+
+/// The `other` attribute must be used at most once and it must be the last
+/// variant of an enum.
+///
+/// Inside a `variant_identifier` all variants must be unit variants. Inside a
+/// `field_identifier` all but possibly one variant must be unit variants. The
+/// last variant may be a newtype variant which is an implicit "other" case.
+fn check_identifier(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    let variants = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => variants,
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => {
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    for (i, variant) in variants.iter().enumerate() {
+        match (
+            variant.style,
+            cont.attrs.identifier(),
+            variant.attrs.other(),
+            cont.attrs.tag(),
+        ) {
+            // The `other` attribute may not be used in a variant_identifier.
+            (_, Identifier::Variant, true, _) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    "#[serde(other)] may not be used on a variant identifier",
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Variant with `other` attribute cannot appear in untagged enum
+            (_, Identifier::No, true, &TagType::None) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    "#[serde(other)] cannot appear on untagged enum",
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Variant with `other` attribute must be the last one.
+            (Style::Unit, Identifier::Field, true, _) | (Style::Unit, Identifier::No, true, _) => {
+                if i < variants.len() - 1 {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        variant.original,
+                        "#[serde(other)] must be on the last variant",
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Variant with `other` attribute must be a unit variant.
+            (_, Identifier::Field, true, _) | (_, Identifier::No, true, _) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    "#[serde(other)] must be on a unit variant",
+                );
+            }
+
+            // Any sort of variant is allowed if this is not an identifier.
+            (_, Identifier::No, false, _) => {}
+
+            // Unit variant without `other` attribute is always fine.
+            (Style::Unit, _, false, _) => {}
+
+            // The last field is allowed to be a newtype catch-all.
+            (Style::Newtype, Identifier::Field, false, _) => {
+                if i < variants.len() - 1 {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        variant.original,
+                        format!("`{}` must be the last variant", variant.ident),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+
+            (_, Identifier::Field, false, _) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    "#[serde(field_identifier)] may only contain unit variants",
+                );
+            }
+
+            (_, Identifier::Variant, false, _) => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    "#[serde(variant_identifier)] may only contain unit variants",
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Skip-(de)serializing attributes are not allowed on variants marked
+/// (de)serialize_with.
+fn check_variant_skip_attrs(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    let variants = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => variants,
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => {
+            return;
+        }
+    };
+
+    for variant in variants.iter() {
+        if variant.attrs.serialize_with().is_some() {
+            if variant.attrs.skip_serializing() {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    format!(
+                        "variant `{}` cannot have both #[serde(serialize_with)] and #[serde(skip_serializing)]",
+                        variant.ident
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+
+            for field in &variant.fields {
+                let member = member_message(&field.member);
+
+                if field.attrs.skip_serializing() {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        variant.original,
+                        format!(
+                            "variant `{}` cannot have both #[serde(serialize_with)] and a field {} marked with #[serde(skip_serializing)]",
+                            variant.ident, member
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                if field.attrs.skip_serializing_if().is_some() {
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        variant.original,
+                        format!(
+                            "variant `{}` cannot have both #[serde(serialize_with)] and a field {} marked with #[serde(skip_serializing_if)]",
+                            variant.ident, member
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if variant.attrs.deserialize_with().is_some() {
+            if variant.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    variant.original,
+                    format!(
+                        "variant `{}` cannot have both #[serde(deserialize_with)] and #[serde(skip_deserializing)]",
+                        variant.ident
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+
+            for field in &variant.fields {
+                if field.attrs.skip_deserializing() {
+                    let member = member_message(&field.member);
+
+                    cx.error_spanned_by(
+                        variant.original,
+                        format!(
+                            "variant `{}` cannot have both #[serde(deserialize_with)] and a field {} marked with #[serde(skip_deserializing)]",
+                            variant.ident, member
+                        ),
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// The tag of an internally-tagged struct variant must not be
+/// the same as either one of its fields, as this would result in
+/// duplicate keys in the serialized output and/or ambiguity in
+/// the to-be-deserialized input.
+fn check_internal_tag_field_name_conflict(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    let variants = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => variants,
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => return,
+    };
+
+    let tag = match cont.attrs.tag() {
+        TagType::Internal { tag } => tag.as_str(),
+        TagType::External | TagType::Adjacent { .. } | TagType::None => return,
+    };
+
+    let diagnose_conflict = || {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            format!("variant field name `{}` conflicts with internal tag", tag),
+        );
+    };
+
+    for variant in variants {
+        match variant.style {
+            Style::Struct => {
+                for field in &variant.fields {
+                    let check_ser = !field.attrs.skip_serializing();
+                    let check_de = !field.attrs.skip_deserializing();
+                    let name = field.attrs.name();
+                    let ser_name = name.serialize_name();
+
+                    if check_ser && ser_name == tag {
+                        diagnose_conflict();
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    for de_name in field.attrs.aliases() {
+                        if check_de && de_name == tag {
+                            diagnose_conflict();
+                            return;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Style::Unit | Style::Newtype | Style::Tuple => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// In the case of adjacently-tagged enums, the type and the
+/// contents tag must differ, for the same reason.
+fn check_adjacent_tag_conflict(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    let (type_tag, content_tag) = match cont.attrs.tag() {
+        TagType::Adjacent { tag, content } => (tag, content),
+        TagType::Internal { .. } | TagType::External | TagType::None => return,
+    };
+
+    if type_tag == content_tag {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            format!(
+                "enum tags `{}` for type and content conflict with each other",
+                type_tag
+            ),
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+/// Enums and unit structs cannot be transparent.
+fn check_transparent(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &mut Container, derive: Derive) {
+    if !cont.attrs.transparent() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if cont.attrs.type_from().is_some() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            "#[serde(transparent)] is not allowed with #[serde(from = \"...\")]",
+        );
+    }
+
+    if cont.attrs.type_try_from().is_some() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            "#[serde(transparent)] is not allowed with #[serde(try_from = \"...\")]",
+        );
+    }
+
+    if cont.attrs.type_into().is_some() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            "#[serde(transparent)] is not allowed with #[serde(into = \"...\")]",
+        );
+    }
+
+    let fields = match &mut cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(_) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                cont.original,
+                "#[serde(transparent)] is not allowed on an enum",
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        Data::Struct(Style::Unit, _) => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(
+                cont.original,
+                "#[serde(transparent)] is not allowed on a unit struct",
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        Data::Struct(_, fields) => fields,
+    };
+
+    let mut transparent_field = None;
+
+    for field in fields {
+        if allow_transparent(field, derive) {
+            if transparent_field.is_some() {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "#[serde(transparent)] requires struct to have at most one transparent field",
+                );
+                return;
+            }
+            transparent_field = Some(field);
+        }
+    }
+
+    match transparent_field {
+        Some(transparent_field) => transparent_field.attrs.mark_transparent(),
+        None => match derive {
+            Derive::Serialize => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "#[serde(transparent)] requires at least one field that is not skipped",
+                );
+            }
+            Derive::Deserialize => {
+                cx.error_spanned_by(
+                    cont.original,
+                    "#[serde(transparent)] requires at least one field that is neither skipped nor has a default",
+                );
+            }
+        },
+    }
+}
+
+fn member_message(member: &Member) -> String {
+    match member {
+        Member::Named(ident) => format!("`{}`", ident),
+        Member::Unnamed(i) => format!("#{}", i.index),
+    }
+}
+
+fn allow_transparent(field: &Field, derive: Derive) -> bool {
+    if let Type::Path(ty) = ungroup(field.ty) {
+        if let Some(seg) = ty.path.segments.last() {
+            if seg.ident == "PhantomData" {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    match derive {
+        Derive::Serialize => !field.attrs.skip_serializing(),
+        Derive::Deserialize => !field.attrs.skip_deserializing() && field.attrs.default().is_none(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn check_from_and_try_from(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &mut Container) {
+    if cont.attrs.type_from().is_some() && cont.attrs.type_try_from().is_some() {
+        cx.error_spanned_by(
+            cont.original,
+            "#[serde(from = \"...\")] and #[serde(try_from = \"...\")] conflict with each other",
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/ctxt.rs b/src/internals/ctxt.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d692c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/ctxt.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use std::cell::RefCell;
+use std::fmt::Display;
+use std::thread;
+use syn;
+
+/// A type to collect errors together and format them.
+///
+/// Dropping this object will cause a panic. It must be consumed using `check`.
+///
+/// References can be shared since this type uses run-time exclusive mut checking.
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub struct Ctxt {
+    // The contents will be set to `None` during checking. This is so that checking can be
+    // enforced.
+    errors: RefCell<Option<Vec<syn::Error>>>,
+}
+
+impl Ctxt {
+    /// Create a new context object.
+    ///
+    /// This object contains no errors, but will still trigger a panic if it is not `check`ed.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Ctxt {
+            errors: RefCell::new(Some(Vec::new())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Add an error to the context object with a tokenenizable object.
+    ///
+    /// The object is used for spanning in error messages.
+    pub fn error_spanned_by<A: ToTokens, T: Display>(&self, obj: A, msg: T) {
+        self.errors
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .as_mut()
+            .unwrap()
+            // Curb monomorphization from generating too many identical methods.
+            .push(syn::Error::new_spanned(obj.into_token_stream(), msg));
+    }
+
+    /// Add one of Syn's parse errors.
+    pub fn syn_error(&self, err: syn::Error) {
+        self.errors.borrow_mut().as_mut().unwrap().push(err);
+    }
+
+    /// Consume this object, producing a formatted error string if there are errors.
+    pub fn check(self) -> Result<(), Vec<syn::Error>> {
+        let errors = self.errors.borrow_mut().take().unwrap();
+        match errors.len() {
+            0 => Ok(()),
+            _ => Err(errors),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Ctxt {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if !thread::panicking() && self.errors.borrow().is_some() {
+            panic!("forgot to check for errors");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/mod.rs b/src/internals/mod.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e9f416
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/mod.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+pub mod ast;
+pub mod attr;
+
+mod ctxt;
+pub use self::ctxt::Ctxt;
+
+mod receiver;
+pub use self::receiver::replace_receiver;
+
+mod case;
+mod check;
+mod respan;
+mod symbol;
+
+use syn::Type;
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub enum Derive {
+    Serialize,
+    Deserialize,
+}
+
+pub fn ungroup(mut ty: &Type) -> &Type {
+    while let Type::Group(group) = ty {
+        ty = &group.elem;
+    }
+    ty
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/receiver.rs b/src/internals/receiver.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b08c670
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/receiver.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+use internals::respan::respan;
+use proc_macro2::Span;
+use quote::ToTokens;
+use std::mem;
+use syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
+use syn::{
+    parse_quote, Data, DeriveInput, Expr, ExprPath, GenericArgument, GenericParam, Generics, Macro,
+    Path, PathArguments, QSelf, ReturnType, Type, TypeParamBound, TypePath, WherePredicate,
+};
+
+pub fn replace_receiver(input: &mut DeriveInput) {
+    let self_ty = {
+        let ident = &input.ident;
+        let ty_generics = input.generics.split_for_impl().1;
+        parse_quote!(#ident #ty_generics)
+    };
+    let mut visitor = ReplaceReceiver(&self_ty);
+    visitor.visit_generics_mut(&mut input.generics);
+    visitor.visit_data_mut(&mut input.data);
+}
+
+struct ReplaceReceiver<'a>(&'a TypePath);
+
+impl ReplaceReceiver<'_> {
+    fn self_ty(&self, span: Span) -> TypePath {
+        let tokens = self.0.to_token_stream();
+        let respanned = respan(tokens, span);
+        syn::parse2(respanned).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    fn self_to_qself(&self, qself: &mut Option<QSelf>, path: &mut Path) {
+        if path.leading_colon.is_some() || path.segments[0].ident != "Self" {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if path.segments.len() == 1 {
+            self.self_to_expr_path(path);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let span = path.segments[0].ident.span();
+        *qself = Some(QSelf {
+            lt_token: Token![<](span),
+            ty: Box::new(Type::Path(self.self_ty(span))),
+            position: 0,
+            as_token: None,
+            gt_token: Token![>](span),
+        });
+
+        path.leading_colon = Some(**path.segments.pairs().next().unwrap().punct().unwrap());
+
+        let segments = mem::replace(&mut path.segments, Punctuated::new());
+        path.segments = segments.into_pairs().skip(1).collect();
+    }
+
+    fn self_to_expr_path(&self, path: &mut Path) {
+        let self_ty = self.self_ty(path.segments[0].ident.span());
+        let variant = mem::replace(path, self_ty.path);
+        for segment in &mut path.segments {
+            if let PathArguments::AngleBracketed(bracketed) = &mut segment.arguments {
+                if bracketed.colon2_token.is_none() && !bracketed.args.is_empty() {
+                    bracketed.colon2_token = Some(<Token![::]>::default());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if variant.segments.len() > 1 {
+            path.segments.push_punct(<Token![::]>::default());
+            path.segments.extend(variant.segments.into_pairs().skip(1));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl ReplaceReceiver<'_> {
+    // `Self` -> `Receiver`
+    fn visit_type_mut(&mut self, ty: &mut Type) {
+        let span = if let Type::Path(node) = ty {
+            if node.qself.is_none() && node.path.is_ident("Self") {
+                node.path.segments[0].ident.span()
+            } else {
+                self.visit_type_path_mut(node);
+                return;
+            }
+        } else {
+            self.visit_type_mut_impl(ty);
+            return;
+        };
+        *ty = self.self_ty(span).into();
+    }
+
+    // `Self::Assoc` -> `<Receiver>::Assoc`
+    fn visit_type_path_mut(&mut self, ty: &mut TypePath) {
+        if ty.qself.is_none() {
+            self.self_to_qself(&mut ty.qself, &mut ty.path);
+        }
+        self.visit_type_path_mut_impl(ty);
+    }
+
+    // `Self::method` -> `<Receiver>::method`
+    fn visit_expr_path_mut(&mut self, expr: &mut ExprPath) {
+        if expr.qself.is_none() {
+            self.self_to_qself(&mut expr.qself, &mut expr.path);
+        }
+        self.visit_expr_path_mut_impl(expr);
+    }
+
+    // Everything below is simply traversing the syntax tree.
+
+    fn visit_type_mut_impl(&mut self, ty: &mut Type) {
+        match ty {
+            Type::Array(ty) => {
+                self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem);
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut ty.len);
+            }
+            Type::BareFn(ty) => {
+                for arg in &mut ty.inputs {
+                    self.visit_type_mut(&mut arg.ty);
+                }
+                self.visit_return_type_mut(&mut ty.output);
+            }
+            Type::Group(ty) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem),
+            Type::ImplTrait(ty) => {
+                for bound in &mut ty.bounds {
+                    self.visit_type_param_bound_mut(bound);
+                }
+            }
+            Type::Macro(ty) => self.visit_macro_mut(&mut ty.mac),
+            Type::Paren(ty) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem),
+            Type::Path(ty) => {
+                if let Some(qself) = &mut ty.qself {
+                    self.visit_type_mut(&mut qself.ty);
+                }
+                self.visit_path_mut(&mut ty.path);
+            }
+            Type::Ptr(ty) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem),
+            Type::Reference(ty) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem),
+            Type::Slice(ty) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut ty.elem),
+            Type::TraitObject(ty) => {
+                for bound in &mut ty.bounds {
+                    self.visit_type_param_bound_mut(bound);
+                }
+            }
+            Type::Tuple(ty) => {
+                for elem in &mut ty.elems {
+                    self.visit_type_mut(elem);
+                }
+            }
+
+            Type::Infer(_) | Type::Never(_) | Type::Verbatim(_) => {}
+
+            #[cfg_attr(all(test, exhaustive), deny(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns))]
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_type_path_mut_impl(&mut self, ty: &mut TypePath) {
+        if let Some(qself) = &mut ty.qself {
+            self.visit_type_mut(&mut qself.ty);
+        }
+        self.visit_path_mut(&mut ty.path);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_expr_path_mut_impl(&mut self, expr: &mut ExprPath) {
+        if let Some(qself) = &mut expr.qself {
+            self.visit_type_mut(&mut qself.ty);
+        }
+        self.visit_path_mut(&mut expr.path);
+    }
+
+    fn visit_path_mut(&mut self, path: &mut Path) {
+        for segment in &mut path.segments {
+            self.visit_path_arguments_mut(&mut segment.arguments);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_path_arguments_mut(&mut self, arguments: &mut PathArguments) {
+        match arguments {
+            PathArguments::None => {}
+            PathArguments::AngleBracketed(arguments) => {
+                for arg in &mut arguments.args {
+                    match arg {
+                        GenericArgument::Type(arg) => self.visit_type_mut(arg),
+                        GenericArgument::Binding(arg) => self.visit_type_mut(&mut arg.ty),
+                        GenericArgument::Lifetime(_)
+                        | GenericArgument::Constraint(_)
+                        | GenericArgument::Const(_) => {}
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            PathArguments::Parenthesized(arguments) => {
+                for argument in &mut arguments.inputs {
+                    self.visit_type_mut(argument);
+                }
+                self.visit_return_type_mut(&mut arguments.output);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_return_type_mut(&mut self, return_type: &mut ReturnType) {
+        match return_type {
+            ReturnType::Default => {}
+            ReturnType::Type(_, output) => self.visit_type_mut(output),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_type_param_bound_mut(&mut self, bound: &mut TypeParamBound) {
+        match bound {
+            TypeParamBound::Trait(bound) => self.visit_path_mut(&mut bound.path),
+            TypeParamBound::Lifetime(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_generics_mut(&mut self, generics: &mut Generics) {
+        for param in &mut generics.params {
+            match param {
+                GenericParam::Type(param) => {
+                    for bound in &mut param.bounds {
+                        self.visit_type_param_bound_mut(bound);
+                    }
+                }
+                GenericParam::Lifetime(_) | GenericParam::Const(_) => {}
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(where_clause) = &mut generics.where_clause {
+            for predicate in &mut where_clause.predicates {
+                match predicate {
+                    WherePredicate::Type(predicate) => {
+                        self.visit_type_mut(&mut predicate.bounded_ty);
+                        for bound in &mut predicate.bounds {
+                            self.visit_type_param_bound_mut(bound);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    WherePredicate::Lifetime(_) | WherePredicate::Eq(_) => {}
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_data_mut(&mut self, data: &mut Data) {
+        match data {
+            Data::Struct(data) => {
+                for field in &mut data.fields {
+                    self.visit_type_mut(&mut field.ty);
+                }
+            }
+            Data::Enum(data) => {
+                for variant in &mut data.variants {
+                    for field in &mut variant.fields {
+                        self.visit_type_mut(&mut field.ty);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            Data::Union(_) => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_expr_mut(&mut self, expr: &mut Expr) {
+        match expr {
+            Expr::Binary(expr) => {
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.left);
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.right);
+            }
+            Expr::Call(expr) => {
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.func);
+                for arg in &mut expr.args {
+                    self.visit_expr_mut(arg);
+                }
+            }
+            Expr::Cast(expr) => {
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.expr);
+                self.visit_type_mut(&mut expr.ty);
+            }
+            Expr::Field(expr) => self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.base),
+            Expr::Index(expr) => {
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.expr);
+                self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.index);
+            }
+            Expr::Paren(expr) => self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.expr),
+            Expr::Path(expr) => self.visit_expr_path_mut(expr),
+            Expr::Unary(expr) => self.visit_expr_mut(&mut expr.expr),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn visit_macro_mut(&mut self, _mac: &mut Macro) {}
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/respan.rs b/src/internals/respan.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcec701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/respan.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+use proc_macro2::{Group, Span, TokenStream, TokenTree};
+
+pub(crate) fn respan(stream: TokenStream, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
+    stream
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|token| respan_token(token, span))
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn respan_token(mut token: TokenTree, span: Span) -> TokenTree {
+    if let TokenTree::Group(g) = &mut token {
+        *g = Group::new(g.delimiter(), respan(g.stream(), span));
+    }
+    token.set_span(span);
+    token
+}
diff --git a/src/internals/symbol.rs b/src/internals/symbol.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fedd27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/internals/symbol.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use std::fmt::{self, Display};
+use syn::{Ident, Path};
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct Symbol(&'static str);
+
+pub const ALIAS: Symbol = Symbol("alias");
+pub const BORROW: Symbol = Symbol("borrow");
+pub const BOUND: Symbol = Symbol("bound");
+pub const CONTENT: Symbol = Symbol("content");
+pub const CRATE: Symbol = Symbol("crate");
+pub const DEFAULT: Symbol = Symbol("default");
+pub const DENY_UNKNOWN_FIELDS: Symbol = Symbol("deny_unknown_fields");
+pub const DESERIALIZE: Symbol = Symbol("deserialize");
+pub const DESERIALIZE_WITH: Symbol = Symbol("deserialize_with");
+pub const FIELD_IDENTIFIER: Symbol = Symbol("field_identifier");
+pub const FLATTEN: Symbol = Symbol("flatten");
+pub const FROM: Symbol = Symbol("from");
+pub const GETTER: Symbol = Symbol("getter");
+pub const INTO: Symbol = Symbol("into");
+pub const OTHER: Symbol = Symbol("other");
+pub const REMOTE: Symbol = Symbol("remote");
+pub const RENAME: Symbol = Symbol("rename");
+pub const RENAME_ALL: Symbol = Symbol("rename_all");
+pub const SERDE: Symbol = Symbol("serde");
+pub const SERIALIZE: Symbol = Symbol("serialize");
+pub const SERIALIZE_WITH: Symbol = Symbol("serialize_with");
+pub const SKIP: Symbol = Symbol("skip");
+pub const SKIP_DESERIALIZING: Symbol = Symbol("skip_deserializing");
+pub const SKIP_SERIALIZING: Symbol = Symbol("skip_serializing");
+pub const SKIP_SERIALIZING_IF: Symbol = Symbol("skip_serializing_if");
+pub const TAG: Symbol = Symbol("tag");
+pub const TRANSPARENT: Symbol = Symbol("transparent");
+pub const TRY_FROM: Symbol = Symbol("try_from");
+pub const UNTAGGED: Symbol = Symbol("untagged");
+pub const VARIANT_IDENTIFIER: Symbol = Symbol("variant_identifier");
+pub const WITH: Symbol = Symbol("with");
+pub const EXPECTING: Symbol = Symbol("expecting");
+
+impl PartialEq<Symbol> for Ident {
+    fn eq(&self, word: &Symbol) -> bool {
+        self == word.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<Symbol> for &'a Ident {
+    fn eq(&self, word: &Symbol) -> bool {
+        *self == word.0
+    }
+}
+
+impl PartialEq<Symbol> for Path {
+    fn eq(&self, word: &Symbol) -> bool {
+        self.is_ident(word.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> PartialEq<Symbol> for &'a Path {
+    fn eq(&self, word: &Symbol) -> bool {
+        self.is_ident(word.0)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Display for Symbol {
+    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        formatter.write_str(self.0)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/lib.rs b/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4100789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+//! This crate provides Serde's two derive macros.
+//!
+//! ```edition2018
+//! # use serde_derive::{Serialize, Deserialize};
+//! #
+//! #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
+//! # struct S;
+//! #
+//! # fn main() {}
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Please refer to [https://serde.rs/derive.html] for how to set this up.
+//!
+//! [https://serde.rs/derive.html]: https://serde.rs/derive.html
+
+#![doc(html_root_url = "https://docs.rs/serde_derive/1.0.152")]
+#![allow(unknown_lints, bare_trait_objects)]
+// Ignored clippy lints
+#![allow(
+    // clippy false positive: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7054
+    clippy::branches_sharing_code,
+    clippy::cognitive_complexity,
+    // clippy bug: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/7575
+    clippy::collapsible_match,
+    clippy::derive_partial_eq_without_eq,
+    clippy::enum_variant_names,
+    // clippy bug: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6797
+    clippy::manual_map,
+    clippy::match_like_matches_macro,
+    clippy::needless_pass_by_value,
+    clippy::too_many_arguments,
+    clippy::trivially_copy_pass_by_ref,
+    clippy::used_underscore_binding,
+    clippy::wildcard_in_or_patterns,
+    // clippy bug: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/5704
+    clippy::unnested_or_patterns,
+)]
+// Ignored clippy_pedantic lints
+#![allow(
+    clippy::cast_possible_truncation,
+    clippy::checked_conversions,
+    clippy::doc_markdown,
+    clippy::enum_glob_use,
+    clippy::indexing_slicing,
+    clippy::items_after_statements,
+    clippy::manual_assert,
+    clippy::map_err_ignore,
+    clippy::match_same_arms,
+    // clippy bug: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/issues/6984
+    clippy::match_wildcard_for_single_variants,
+    clippy::module_name_repetitions,
+    clippy::must_use_candidate,
+    clippy::option_if_let_else,
+    clippy::similar_names,
+    clippy::single_match_else,
+    clippy::struct_excessive_bools,
+    clippy::too_many_lines,
+    clippy::unseparated_literal_suffix,
+    clippy::unused_self,
+    clippy::use_self,
+    clippy::wildcard_imports
+)]
+#![cfg_attr(all(test, exhaustive), feature(non_exhaustive_omitted_patterns_lint))]
+
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate quote;
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate syn;
+
+extern crate proc_macro;
+extern crate proc_macro2;
+
+mod internals;
+
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use syn::DeriveInput;
+
+#[macro_use]
+mod bound;
+#[macro_use]
+mod fragment;
+
+mod de;
+mod dummy;
+mod pretend;
+mod ser;
+mod this;
+mod try;
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(Serialize, attributes(serde))]
+pub fn derive_serialize(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let mut input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
+    ser::expand_derive_serialize(&mut input)
+        .unwrap_or_else(to_compile_errors)
+        .into()
+}
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(Deserialize, attributes(serde))]
+pub fn derive_deserialize(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let mut input = parse_macro_input!(input as DeriveInput);
+    de::expand_derive_deserialize(&mut input)
+        .unwrap_or_else(to_compile_errors)
+        .into()
+}
+
+fn to_compile_errors(errors: Vec<syn::Error>) -> proc_macro2::TokenStream {
+    let compile_errors = errors.iter().map(syn::Error::to_compile_error);
+    quote!(#(#compile_errors)*)
+}
diff --git a/src/pretend.rs b/src/pretend.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b953d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pretend.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::format_ident;
+
+use internals::ast::{Container, Data, Field, Style, Variant};
+
+// Suppress dead_code warnings that would otherwise appear when using a remote
+// derive. Other than this pretend code, a struct annotated with remote derive
+// never has its fields referenced and an enum annotated with remote derive
+// never has its variants constructed.
+//
+//     warning: field is never used: `i`
+//      --> src/main.rs:4:20
+//       |
+//     4 | struct StructDef { i: i32 }
+//       |                    ^^^^^^
+//
+//     warning: variant is never constructed: `V`
+//      --> src/main.rs:8:16
+//       |
+//     8 | enum EnumDef { V }
+//       |                ^
+//
+pub fn pretend_used(cont: &Container, is_packed: bool) -> TokenStream {
+    let pretend_fields = pretend_fields_used(cont, is_packed);
+    let pretend_variants = pretend_variants_used(cont);
+
+    quote! {
+        #pretend_fields
+        #pretend_variants
+    }
+}
+
+// For structs with named fields, expands to:
+//
+//     match None::<&T> {
+//         Some(T { a: __v0, b: __v1 }) => {}
+//         _ => {}
+//     }
+//
+// For packed structs on sufficiently new rustc, expands to:
+//
+//     match None::<&T> {
+//         Some(__v @ T { a: _, b: _ }) => {
+//             let _ = addr_of!(__v.a);
+//             let _ = addr_of!(__v.b);
+//         }
+//         _ => {}
+//     }
+//
+// For packed structs on older rustc, we assume Sized and !Drop, and expand to:
+//
+//     match None::<T> {
+//         Some(T { a: __v0, b: __v1 }) => {}
+//         _ => {}
+//     }
+//
+// For enums, expands to the following but only including struct variants:
+//
+//     match None::<&T> {
+//         Some(T::A { a: __v0 }) => {}
+//         Some(T::B { b: __v0 }) => {}
+//         _ => {}
+//     }
+//
+fn pretend_fields_used(cont: &Container, is_packed: bool) -> TokenStream {
+    match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => pretend_fields_used_enum(cont, variants),
+        Data::Struct(Style::Struct, fields) => {
+            if is_packed {
+                pretend_fields_used_struct_packed(cont, fields)
+            } else {
+                pretend_fields_used_struct(cont, fields)
+            }
+        }
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => quote!(),
+    }
+}
+
+fn pretend_fields_used_struct(cont: &Container, fields: &[Field]) -> TokenStream {
+    let type_ident = &cont.ident;
+    let (_, ty_generics, _) = cont.generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let members = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.member);
+    let placeholders = (0usize..).map(|i| format_ident!("__v{}", i));
+
+    quote! {
+        match _serde::__private::None::<&#type_ident #ty_generics> {
+            _serde::__private::Some(#type_ident { #(#members: #placeholders),* }) => {}
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn pretend_fields_used_struct_packed(cont: &Container, fields: &[Field]) -> TokenStream {
+    let type_ident = &cont.ident;
+    let (_, ty_generics, _) = cont.generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let members = fields.iter().map(|field| &field.member).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    #[cfg(not(no_ptr_addr_of))]
+    {
+        quote! {
+            match _serde::__private::None::<&#type_ident #ty_generics> {
+                _serde::__private::Some(__v @ #type_ident { #(#members: _),* }) => {
+                    #(
+                        let _ = _serde::__private::ptr::addr_of!(__v.#members);
+                    )*
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(no_ptr_addr_of)]
+    {
+        let placeholders = (0usize..).map(|i| format_ident!("__v{}", i));
+
+        quote! {
+            match _serde::__private::None::<#type_ident #ty_generics> {
+                _serde::__private::Some(#type_ident { #(#members: #placeholders),* }) => {}
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn pretend_fields_used_enum(cont: &Container, variants: &[Variant]) -> TokenStream {
+    let type_ident = &cont.ident;
+    let (_, ty_generics, _) = cont.generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let patterns = variants
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|variant| match variant.style {
+            Style::Struct => {
+                let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+                let members = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| &field.member);
+                let placeholders = (0usize..).map(|i| format_ident!("__v{}", i));
+                Some(quote!(#type_ident::#variant_ident { #(#members: #placeholders),* }))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        })
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+    quote! {
+        match _serde::__private::None::<&#type_ident #ty_generics> {
+            #(
+                _serde::__private::Some(#patterns) => {}
+            )*
+            _ => {}
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Expands to one of these per enum variant:
+//
+//     match None {
+//         Some((__v0, __v1,)) => {
+//             let _ = E::V { a: __v0, b: __v1 };
+//         }
+//         _ => {}
+//     }
+//
+fn pretend_variants_used(cont: &Container) -> TokenStream {
+    let variants = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Enum(variants) => variants,
+        Data::Struct(_, _) => {
+            return quote!();
+        }
+    };
+
+    let type_ident = &cont.ident;
+    let (_, ty_generics, _) = cont.generics.split_for_impl();
+    let turbofish = ty_generics.as_turbofish();
+
+    let cases = variants.iter().map(|variant| {
+        let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+        let placeholders = &(0..variant.fields.len())
+            .map(|i| format_ident!("__v{}", i))
+            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+        let pat = match variant.style {
+            Style::Struct => {
+                let members = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| &field.member);
+                quote!({ #(#members: #placeholders),* })
+            }
+            Style::Tuple | Style::Newtype => quote!(( #(#placeholders),* )),
+            Style::Unit => quote!(),
+        };
+
+        quote! {
+            match _serde::__private::None {
+                _serde::__private::Some((#(#placeholders,)*)) => {
+                    let _ = #type_ident::#variant_ident #turbofish #pat;
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+    });
+
+    quote!(#(#cases)*)
+}
diff --git a/src/ser.rs b/src/ser.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43695dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/ser.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,1340 @@
+use proc_macro2::{Span, TokenStream};
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
+use syn::{self, Ident, Index, Member};
+
+use bound;
+use dummy;
+use fragment::{Fragment, Match, Stmts};
+use internals::ast::{Container, Data, Field, Style, Variant};
+use internals::{attr, replace_receiver, Ctxt, Derive};
+use pretend;
+use this;
+
+pub fn expand_derive_serialize(
+    input: &mut syn::DeriveInput,
+) -> Result<TokenStream, Vec<syn::Error>> {
+    replace_receiver(input);
+
+    let ctxt = Ctxt::new();
+    let cont = match Container::from_ast(&ctxt, input, Derive::Serialize) {
+        Some(cont) => cont,
+        None => return Err(ctxt.check().unwrap_err()),
+    };
+    precondition(&ctxt, &cont);
+    ctxt.check()?;
+
+    let ident = &cont.ident;
+    let params = Parameters::new(&cont);
+    let (impl_generics, ty_generics, where_clause) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+    let body = Stmts(serialize_body(&cont, &params));
+    let serde = cont.attrs.serde_path();
+
+    let impl_block = if let Some(remote) = cont.attrs.remote() {
+        let vis = &input.vis;
+        let used = pretend::pretend_used(&cont, params.is_packed);
+        quote! {
+            impl #impl_generics #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+                #vis fn serialize<__S>(__self: &#remote #ty_generics, __serializer: __S) -> #serde::__private::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+                where
+                    __S: #serde::Serializer,
+                {
+                    #used
+                    #body
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        quote! {
+            #[automatically_derived]
+            impl #impl_generics #serde::Serialize for #ident #ty_generics #where_clause {
+                fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> #serde::__private::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+                where
+                    __S: #serde::Serializer,
+                {
+                    #body
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(dummy::wrap_in_const(
+        cont.attrs.custom_serde_path(),
+        "SERIALIZE",
+        ident,
+        impl_block,
+    ))
+}
+
+fn precondition(cx: &Ctxt, cont: &Container) {
+    match cont.attrs.identifier() {
+        attr::Identifier::No => {}
+        attr::Identifier::Field => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(cont.original, "field identifiers cannot be serialized");
+        }
+        attr::Identifier::Variant => {
+            cx.error_spanned_by(cont.original, "variant identifiers cannot be serialized");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct Parameters {
+    /// Variable holding the value being serialized. Either `self` for local
+    /// types or `__self` for remote types.
+    self_var: Ident,
+
+    /// Path to the type the impl is for. Either a single `Ident` for local
+    /// types (does not include generic parameters) or `some::remote::Path` for
+    /// remote types.
+    this_type: syn::Path,
+
+    /// Same as `this_type` but using `::<T>` for generic parameters for use in
+    /// expression position.
+    this_value: syn::Path,
+
+    /// Generics including any explicit and inferred bounds for the impl.
+    generics: syn::Generics,
+
+    /// Type has a `serde(remote = "...")` attribute.
+    is_remote: bool,
+
+    /// Type has a repr(packed) attribute.
+    is_packed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Parameters {
+    fn new(cont: &Container) -> Self {
+        let is_remote = cont.attrs.remote().is_some();
+        let self_var = if is_remote {
+            Ident::new("__self", Span::call_site())
+        } else {
+            Ident::new("self", Span::call_site())
+        };
+
+        let this_type = this::this_type(cont);
+        let this_value = this::this_value(cont);
+        let is_packed = cont.attrs.is_packed();
+        let generics = build_generics(cont);
+
+        Parameters {
+            self_var,
+            this_type,
+            this_value,
+            generics,
+            is_remote,
+            is_packed,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Type name to use in error messages and `&'static str` arguments to
+    /// various Serializer methods.
+    fn type_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.this_type.segments.last().unwrap().ident.to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+// All the generics in the input, plus a bound `T: Serialize` for each generic
+// field type that will be serialized by us.
+fn build_generics(cont: &Container) -> syn::Generics {
+    let generics = bound::without_defaults(cont.generics);
+
+    let generics =
+        bound::with_where_predicates_from_fields(cont, &generics, attr::Field::ser_bound);
+
+    let generics =
+        bound::with_where_predicates_from_variants(cont, &generics, attr::Variant::ser_bound);
+
+    match cont.attrs.ser_bound() {
+        Some(predicates) => bound::with_where_predicates(&generics, predicates),
+        None => bound::with_bound(
+            cont,
+            &generics,
+            needs_serialize_bound,
+            &parse_quote!(_serde::Serialize),
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+// Fields with a `skip_serializing` or `serialize_with` attribute, or which
+// belong to a variant with a 'skip_serializing` or `serialize_with` attribute,
+// are not serialized by us so we do not generate a bound. Fields with a `bound`
+// attribute specify their own bound so we do not generate one. All other fields
+// may need a `T: Serialize` bound where T is the type of the field.
+fn needs_serialize_bound(field: &attr::Field, variant: Option<&attr::Variant>) -> bool {
+    !field.skip_serializing()
+        && field.serialize_with().is_none()
+        && field.ser_bound().is_none()
+        && variant.map_or(true, |variant| {
+            !variant.skip_serializing()
+                && variant.serialize_with().is_none()
+                && variant.ser_bound().is_none()
+        })
+}
+
+fn serialize_body(cont: &Container, params: &Parameters) -> Fragment {
+    if cont.attrs.transparent() {
+        serialize_transparent(cont, params)
+    } else if let Some(type_into) = cont.attrs.type_into() {
+        serialize_into(params, type_into)
+    } else {
+        match &cont.data {
+            Data::Enum(variants) => serialize_enum(params, variants, &cont.attrs),
+            Data::Struct(Style::Struct, fields) => serialize_struct(params, fields, &cont.attrs),
+            Data::Struct(Style::Tuple, fields) => {
+                serialize_tuple_struct(params, fields, &cont.attrs)
+            }
+            Data::Struct(Style::Newtype, fields) => {
+                serialize_newtype_struct(params, &fields[0], &cont.attrs)
+            }
+            Data::Struct(Style::Unit, _) => serialize_unit_struct(&cont.attrs),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_transparent(cont: &Container, params: &Parameters) -> Fragment {
+    let fields = match &cont.data {
+        Data::Struct(_, fields) => fields,
+        Data::Enum(_) => unreachable!(),
+    };
+
+    let self_var = &params.self_var;
+    let transparent_field = fields.iter().find(|f| f.attrs.transparent()).unwrap();
+    let member = &transparent_field.member;
+
+    let path = match transparent_field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        Some(path) => quote!(#path),
+        None => {
+            let span = transparent_field.original.span();
+            quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Serialize::serialize)
+        }
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        #path(&#self_var.#member, __serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_into(params: &Parameters, type_into: &syn::Type) -> Fragment {
+    let self_var = &params.self_var;
+    quote_block! {
+        _serde::Serialize::serialize(
+            &_serde::__private::Into::<#type_into>::into(_serde::__private::Clone::clone(#self_var)),
+            __serializer)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_unit_struct(cattrs: &attr::Container) -> Fragment {
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    quote_expr! {
+        _serde::Serializer::serialize_unit_struct(__serializer, #type_name)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_newtype_struct(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field: &Field,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    let mut field_expr = get_member(
+        params,
+        field,
+        &Member::Unnamed(Index {
+            index: 0,
+            span: Span::call_site(),
+        }),
+    );
+    if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+    }
+
+    let span = field.original.span();
+    let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Serializer::serialize_newtype_struct);
+    quote_expr! {
+        #func(__serializer, #type_name, #field_expr)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_tuple_struct(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let serialize_stmts =
+        serialize_tuple_struct_visitor(fields, params, false, &TupleTrait::SerializeTupleStruct);
+
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some());
+
+    let len = serialized_fields
+        .map(|(i, field)| match field.attrs.skip_serializing_if() {
+            None => quote!(1),
+            Some(path) => {
+                let index = syn::Index {
+                    index: i as u32,
+                    span: Span::call_site(),
+                };
+                let field_expr = get_member(params, field, &Member::Unnamed(index));
+                quote!(if #path(#field_expr) { 0 } else { 1 })
+            }
+        })
+        .fold(quote!(0), |sum, expr| quote!(#sum + #expr));
+
+    quote_block! {
+        let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_tuple_struct(__serializer, #type_name, #len));
+        #(#serialize_stmts)*
+        _serde::ser::SerializeTupleStruct::end(__serde_state)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct(params: &Parameters, fields: &[Field], cattrs: &attr::Container) -> Fragment {
+    assert!(fields.len() as u64 <= u64::from(u32::max_value()));
+
+    if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        serialize_struct_as_map(params, fields, cattrs)
+    } else {
+        serialize_struct_as_struct(params, fields, cattrs)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_tag_field(cattrs: &attr::Container, struct_trait: &StructTrait) -> TokenStream {
+    match cattrs.tag() {
+        attr::TagType::Internal { tag } => {
+            let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+            let func = struct_trait.serialize_field(Span::call_site());
+            quote! {
+                try!(#func(&mut __serde_state, #tag, #type_name));
+            }
+        }
+        _ => quote! {},
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_as_struct(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let serialize_fields =
+        serialize_struct_visitor(fields, params, false, &StructTrait::SerializeStruct);
+
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    let tag_field = serialize_struct_tag_field(cattrs, &StructTrait::SerializeStruct);
+    let tag_field_exists = !tag_field.is_empty();
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&field| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some() || tag_field_exists);
+
+    let len = serialized_fields
+        .map(|field| match field.attrs.skip_serializing_if() {
+            None => quote!(1),
+            Some(path) => {
+                let field_expr = get_member(params, field, &field.member);
+                quote!(if #path(#field_expr) { 0 } else { 1 })
+            }
+        })
+        .fold(
+            quote!(#tag_field_exists as usize),
+            |sum, expr| quote!(#sum + #expr),
+        );
+
+    quote_block! {
+        let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(__serializer, #type_name, #len));
+        #tag_field
+        #(#serialize_fields)*
+        _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__serde_state)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_as_map(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let serialize_fields =
+        serialize_struct_visitor(fields, params, false, &StructTrait::SerializeMap);
+
+    let tag_field = serialize_struct_tag_field(cattrs, &StructTrait::SerializeMap);
+    let tag_field_exists = !tag_field.is_empty();
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&field| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some() || tag_field_exists);
+
+    let len = if cattrs.has_flatten() {
+        quote!(_serde::__private::None)
+    } else {
+        let len = serialized_fields
+            .map(|field| match field.attrs.skip_serializing_if() {
+                None => quote!(1),
+                Some(path) => {
+                    let field_expr = get_member(params, field, &field.member);
+                    quote!(if #path(#field_expr) { 0 } else { 1 })
+                }
+            })
+            .fold(
+                quote!(#tag_field_exists as usize),
+                |sum, expr| quote!(#sum + #expr),
+            );
+        quote!(_serde::__private::Some(#len))
+    };
+
+    quote_block! {
+        let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_map(__serializer, #len));
+        #tag_field
+        #(#serialize_fields)*
+        _serde::ser::SerializeMap::end(__serde_state)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_enum(params: &Parameters, variants: &[Variant], cattrs: &attr::Container) -> Fragment {
+    assert!(variants.len() as u64 <= u64::from(u32::max_value()));
+
+    let self_var = &params.self_var;
+
+    let arms: Vec<_> = variants
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .map(|(variant_index, variant)| {
+            serialize_variant(params, variant, variant_index as u32, cattrs)
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    quote_expr! {
+        match *#self_var {
+            #(#arms)*
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    variant_index: u32,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let this_value = &params.this_value;
+    let variant_ident = &variant.ident;
+
+    if variant.attrs.skip_serializing() {
+        let skipped_msg = format!(
+            "the enum variant {}::{} cannot be serialized",
+            params.type_name(),
+            variant_ident
+        );
+        let skipped_err = quote! {
+            _serde::__private::Err(_serde::ser::Error::custom(#skipped_msg))
+        };
+        let fields_pat = match variant.style {
+            Style::Unit => quote!(),
+            Style::Newtype | Style::Tuple => quote!((..)),
+            Style::Struct => quote!({ .. }),
+        };
+        quote! {
+            #this_value::#variant_ident #fields_pat => #skipped_err,
+        }
+    } else {
+        // variant wasn't skipped
+        let case = match variant.style {
+            Style::Unit => {
+                quote! {
+                    #this_value::#variant_ident
+                }
+            }
+            Style::Newtype => {
+                quote! {
+                    #this_value::#variant_ident(ref __field0)
+                }
+            }
+            Style::Tuple => {
+                let field_names = (0..variant.fields.len())
+                    .map(|i| Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", i), Span::call_site()));
+                quote! {
+                    #this_value::#variant_ident(#(ref #field_names),*)
+                }
+            }
+            Style::Struct => {
+                let members = variant.fields.iter().map(|f| &f.member);
+                quote! {
+                    #this_value::#variant_ident { #(ref #members),* }
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        let body = Match(match cattrs.tag() {
+            attr::TagType::External => {
+                serialize_externally_tagged_variant(params, variant, variant_index, cattrs)
+            }
+            attr::TagType::Internal { tag } => {
+                serialize_internally_tagged_variant(params, variant, cattrs, tag)
+            }
+            attr::TagType::Adjacent { tag, content } => {
+                serialize_adjacently_tagged_variant(params, variant, cattrs, tag, content)
+            }
+            attr::TagType::None => serialize_untagged_variant(params, variant, cattrs),
+        });
+
+        quote! {
+            #case => #body
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_externally_tagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    variant_index: u32,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+    let variant_name = variant.attrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        let ser = wrap_serialize_variant_with(params, path, variant);
+        return quote_expr! {
+            _serde::Serializer::serialize_newtype_variant(
+                __serializer,
+                #type_name,
+                #variant_index,
+                #variant_name,
+                #ser,
+            )
+        };
+    }
+
+    match effective_style(variant) {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            quote_expr! {
+                _serde::Serializer::serialize_unit_variant(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #type_name,
+                    #variant_index,
+                    #variant_name,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => {
+            let field = &variant.fields[0];
+            let mut field_expr = quote!(__field0);
+            if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+            }
+
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Serializer::serialize_newtype_variant);
+            quote_expr! {
+                #func(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #type_name,
+                    #variant_index,
+                    #variant_name,
+                    #field_expr,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Tuple => serialize_tuple_variant(
+            TupleVariant::ExternallyTagged {
+                type_name,
+                variant_index,
+                variant_name,
+            },
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+        ),
+        Style::Struct => serialize_struct_variant(
+            StructVariant::ExternallyTagged {
+                variant_index,
+                variant_name,
+            },
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            &type_name,
+        ),
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_internally_tagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    tag: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+    let variant_name = variant.attrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    let enum_ident_str = params.type_name();
+    let variant_ident_str = variant.ident.to_string();
+
+    if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        let ser = wrap_serialize_variant_with(params, path, variant);
+        return quote_expr! {
+            _serde::__private::ser::serialize_tagged_newtype(
+                __serializer,
+                #enum_ident_str,
+                #variant_ident_str,
+                #tag,
+                #variant_name,
+                #ser,
+            )
+        };
+    }
+
+    match effective_style(variant) {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let mut __struct = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+                    __serializer, #type_name, 1));
+                try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+                    &mut __struct, #tag, #variant_name));
+                _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__struct)
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => {
+            let field = &variant.fields[0];
+            let mut field_expr = quote!(__field0);
+            if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+            }
+
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::__private::ser::serialize_tagged_newtype);
+            quote_expr! {
+                #func(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #enum_ident_str,
+                    #variant_ident_str,
+                    #tag,
+                    #variant_name,
+                    #field_expr,
+                )
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Struct => serialize_struct_variant(
+            StructVariant::InternallyTagged { tag, variant_name },
+            params,
+            &variant.fields,
+            &type_name,
+        ),
+        Style::Tuple => unreachable!("checked in serde_derive_internals"),
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_adjacently_tagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+    tag: &str,
+    content: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+    let variant_name = variant.attrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+    let inner = Stmts(if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        let ser = wrap_serialize_variant_with(params, path, variant);
+        quote_expr! {
+            _serde::Serialize::serialize(#ser, __serializer)
+        }
+    } else {
+        match effective_style(variant) {
+            Style::Unit => {
+                return quote_block! {
+                    let mut __struct = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+                        __serializer, #type_name, 1));
+                    try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+                        &mut __struct, #tag, #variant_name));
+                    _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__struct)
+                };
+            }
+            Style::Newtype => {
+                let field = &variant.fields[0];
+                let mut field_expr = quote!(__field0);
+                if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                    field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+                }
+
+                let span = field.original.span();
+                let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field);
+                return quote_block! {
+                    let mut __struct = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+                        __serializer, #type_name, 2));
+                    try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+                        &mut __struct, #tag, #variant_name));
+                    try!(#func(
+                        &mut __struct, #content, #field_expr));
+                    _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__struct)
+                };
+            }
+            Style::Tuple => {
+                serialize_tuple_variant(TupleVariant::Untagged, params, &variant.fields)
+            }
+            Style::Struct => serialize_struct_variant(
+                StructVariant::Untagged,
+                params,
+                &variant.fields,
+                &variant_name,
+            ),
+        }
+    });
+
+    let fields_ty = variant.fields.iter().map(|f| &f.ty);
+    let fields_ident: &Vec<_> = &match variant.style {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            if variant.attrs.serialize_with().is_some() {
+                vec![]
+            } else {
+                unreachable!()
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => vec![Member::Named(Ident::new("__field0", Span::call_site()))],
+        Style::Tuple => (0..variant.fields.len())
+            .map(|i| Member::Named(Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", i), Span::call_site())))
+            .collect(),
+        Style::Struct => variant.fields.iter().map(|f| f.member.clone()).collect(),
+    };
+
+    let (_, ty_generics, where_clause) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let wrapper_generics = if fields_ident.is_empty() {
+        params.generics.clone()
+    } else {
+        bound::with_lifetime_bound(&params.generics, "'__a")
+    };
+    let (wrapper_impl_generics, wrapper_ty_generics, _) = wrapper_generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    quote_block! {
+        struct __AdjacentlyTagged #wrapper_generics #where_clause {
+            data: (#(&'__a #fields_ty,)*),
+            phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+        }
+
+        impl #wrapper_impl_generics _serde::Serialize for __AdjacentlyTagged #wrapper_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> _serde::__private::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+            where
+                __S: _serde::Serializer,
+            {
+                // Elements that have skip_serializing will be unused.
+                #[allow(unused_variables)]
+                let (#(#fields_ident,)*) = self.data;
+                #inner
+            }
+        }
+
+        let mut __struct = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+            __serializer, #type_name, 2));
+        try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+            &mut __struct, #tag, #variant_name));
+        try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+            &mut __struct, #content, &__AdjacentlyTagged {
+                data: (#(#fields_ident,)*),
+                phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+            }));
+        _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__struct)
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_untagged_variant(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    variant: &Variant,
+    cattrs: &attr::Container,
+) -> Fragment {
+    if let Some(path) = variant.attrs.serialize_with() {
+        let ser = wrap_serialize_variant_with(params, path, variant);
+        return quote_expr! {
+            _serde::Serialize::serialize(#ser, __serializer)
+        };
+    }
+
+    match effective_style(variant) {
+        Style::Unit => {
+            quote_expr! {
+                _serde::Serializer::serialize_unit(__serializer)
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Newtype => {
+            let field = &variant.fields[0];
+            let mut field_expr = quote!(__field0);
+            if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+            }
+
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Serialize::serialize);
+            quote_expr! {
+                #func(#field_expr, __serializer)
+            }
+        }
+        Style::Tuple => serialize_tuple_variant(TupleVariant::Untagged, params, &variant.fields),
+        Style::Struct => {
+            let type_name = cattrs.name().serialize_name();
+            serialize_struct_variant(StructVariant::Untagged, params, &variant.fields, &type_name)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum TupleVariant {
+    ExternallyTagged {
+        type_name: String,
+        variant_index: u32,
+        variant_name: String,
+    },
+    Untagged,
+}
+
+fn serialize_tuple_variant(
+    context: TupleVariant,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+) -> Fragment {
+    let tuple_trait = match context {
+        TupleVariant::ExternallyTagged { .. } => TupleTrait::SerializeTupleVariant,
+        TupleVariant::Untagged => TupleTrait::SerializeTuple,
+    };
+
+    let serialize_stmts = serialize_tuple_struct_visitor(fields, params, true, &tuple_trait);
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some());
+
+    let len = serialized_fields
+        .map(|(i, field)| match field.attrs.skip_serializing_if() {
+            None => quote!(1),
+            Some(path) => {
+                let field_expr = Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", i), Span::call_site());
+                quote!(if #path(#field_expr) { 0 } else { 1 })
+            }
+        })
+        .fold(quote!(0), |sum, expr| quote!(#sum + #expr));
+
+    match context {
+        TupleVariant::ExternallyTagged {
+            type_name,
+            variant_index,
+            variant_name,
+        } => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_tuple_variant(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #type_name,
+                    #variant_index,
+                    #variant_name,
+                    #len));
+                #(#serialize_stmts)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeTupleVariant::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+        TupleVariant::Untagged => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_tuple(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #len));
+                #(#serialize_stmts)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeTuple::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum StructVariant<'a> {
+    ExternallyTagged {
+        variant_index: u32,
+        variant_name: String,
+    },
+    InternallyTagged {
+        tag: &'a str,
+        variant_name: String,
+    },
+    Untagged,
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_variant(
+    context: StructVariant,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    name: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    if fields.iter().any(|field| field.attrs.flatten()) {
+        return serialize_struct_variant_with_flatten(context, params, fields, name);
+    }
+
+    let struct_trait = match context {
+        StructVariant::ExternallyTagged { .. } => StructTrait::SerializeStructVariant,
+        StructVariant::InternallyTagged { .. } | StructVariant::Untagged => {
+            StructTrait::SerializeStruct
+        }
+    };
+
+    let serialize_fields = serialize_struct_visitor(fields, params, true, &struct_trait);
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&field| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some());
+
+    let len = serialized_fields
+        .map(|field| {
+            let member = &field.member;
+
+            match field.attrs.skip_serializing_if() {
+                Some(path) => quote!(if #path(#member) { 0 } else { 1 }),
+                None => quote!(1),
+            }
+        })
+        .fold(quote!(0), |sum, expr| quote!(#sum + #expr));
+
+    match context {
+        StructVariant::ExternallyTagged {
+            variant_index,
+            variant_name,
+        } => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct_variant(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #name,
+                    #variant_index,
+                    #variant_name,
+                    #len,
+                ));
+                #(#serialize_fields)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeStructVariant::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+        StructVariant::InternallyTagged { tag, variant_name } => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #name,
+                    #len + 1,
+                ));
+                try!(_serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field(
+                    &mut __serde_state,
+                    #tag,
+                    #variant_name,
+                ));
+                #(#serialize_fields)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+        StructVariant::Untagged => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_struct(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #name,
+                    #len,
+                ));
+                #(#serialize_fields)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_variant_with_flatten(
+    context: StructVariant,
+    params: &Parameters,
+    fields: &[Field],
+    name: &str,
+) -> Fragment {
+    let struct_trait = StructTrait::SerializeMap;
+    let serialize_fields = serialize_struct_visitor(fields, params, true, &struct_trait);
+
+    let mut serialized_fields = fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&field| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .peekable();
+
+    let let_mut = mut_if(serialized_fields.peek().is_some());
+
+    match context {
+        StructVariant::ExternallyTagged {
+            variant_index,
+            variant_name,
+        } => {
+            let this_type = &params.this_type;
+            let fields_ty = fields.iter().map(|f| &f.ty);
+            let members = &fields.iter().map(|f| &f.member).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+
+            let (_, ty_generics, where_clause) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+            let wrapper_generics = bound::with_lifetime_bound(&params.generics, "'__a");
+            let (wrapper_impl_generics, wrapper_ty_generics, _) = wrapper_generics.split_for_impl();
+
+            quote_block! {
+                struct __EnumFlatten #wrapper_generics #where_clause {
+                    data: (#(&'__a #fields_ty,)*),
+                    phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+                }
+
+                impl #wrapper_impl_generics _serde::Serialize for __EnumFlatten #wrapper_ty_generics #where_clause {
+                    fn serialize<__S>(&self, __serializer: __S) -> _serde::__private::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+                    where
+                        __S: _serde::Serializer,
+                    {
+                        let (#(#members,)*) = self.data;
+                        let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_map(
+                            __serializer,
+                            _serde::__private::None));
+                        #(#serialize_fields)*
+                        _serde::ser::SerializeMap::end(__serde_state)
+                    }
+                }
+
+                _serde::Serializer::serialize_newtype_variant(
+                    __serializer,
+                    #name,
+                    #variant_index,
+                    #variant_name,
+                    &__EnumFlatten {
+                        data: (#(#members,)*),
+                        phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+                    })
+            }
+        }
+        StructVariant::InternallyTagged { tag, variant_name } => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_map(
+                    __serializer,
+                    _serde::__private::None));
+                try!(_serde::ser::SerializeMap::serialize_entry(
+                    &mut __serde_state,
+                    #tag,
+                    #variant_name,
+                ));
+                #(#serialize_fields)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeMap::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+        StructVariant::Untagged => {
+            quote_block! {
+                let #let_mut __serde_state = try!(_serde::Serializer::serialize_map(
+                    __serializer,
+                    _serde::__private::None));
+                #(#serialize_fields)*
+                _serde::ser::SerializeMap::end(__serde_state)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn serialize_tuple_struct_visitor(
+    fields: &[Field],
+    params: &Parameters,
+    is_enum: bool,
+    tuple_trait: &TupleTrait,
+) -> Vec<TokenStream> {
+    fields
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .filter(|(_, field)| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .map(|(i, field)| {
+            let mut field_expr = if is_enum {
+                let id = Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", i), Span::call_site());
+                quote!(#id)
+            } else {
+                get_member(
+                    params,
+                    field,
+                    &Member::Unnamed(Index {
+                        index: i as u32,
+                        span: Span::call_site(),
+                    }),
+                )
+            };
+
+            let skip = field
+                .attrs
+                .skip_serializing_if()
+                .map(|path| quote!(#path(#field_expr)));
+
+            if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+            }
+
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let func = tuple_trait.serialize_element(span);
+            let ser = quote! {
+                try!(#func(&mut __serde_state, #field_expr));
+            };
+
+            match skip {
+                None => ser,
+                Some(skip) => quote!(if !#skip { #ser }),
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn serialize_struct_visitor(
+    fields: &[Field],
+    params: &Parameters,
+    is_enum: bool,
+    struct_trait: &StructTrait,
+) -> Vec<TokenStream> {
+    fields
+        .iter()
+        .filter(|&field| !field.attrs.skip_serializing())
+        .map(|field| {
+            let member = &field.member;
+
+            let mut field_expr = if is_enum {
+                quote!(#member)
+            } else {
+                get_member(params, field, member)
+            };
+
+            let key_expr = field.attrs.name().serialize_name();
+
+            let skip = field
+                .attrs
+                .skip_serializing_if()
+                .map(|path| quote!(#path(#field_expr)));
+
+            if let Some(path) = field.attrs.serialize_with() {
+                field_expr = wrap_serialize_field_with(params, field.ty, path, &field_expr);
+            }
+
+            let span = field.original.span();
+            let ser = if field.attrs.flatten() {
+                let func = quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::Serialize::serialize);
+                quote! {
+                    try!(#func(&#field_expr, _serde::__private::ser::FlatMapSerializer(&mut __serde_state)));
+                }
+            } else {
+                let func = struct_trait.serialize_field(span);
+                quote! {
+                    try!(#func(&mut __serde_state, #key_expr, #field_expr));
+                }
+            };
+
+            match skip {
+                None => ser,
+                Some(skip) => {
+                    if let Some(skip_func) = struct_trait.skip_field(span) {
+                        quote! {
+                            if !#skip {
+                                #ser
+                            } else {
+                                try!(#skip_func(&mut __serde_state, #key_expr));
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        quote! {
+                            if !#skip {
+                                #ser
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+fn wrap_serialize_field_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    field_ty: &syn::Type,
+    serialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+    field_expr: &TokenStream,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    wrap_serialize_with(params, serialize_with, &[field_ty], &[quote!(#field_expr)])
+}
+
+fn wrap_serialize_variant_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    serialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+    variant: &Variant,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let field_tys: Vec<_> = variant.fields.iter().map(|field| field.ty).collect();
+    let field_exprs: Vec<_> = variant
+        .fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|field| {
+            let id = match &field.member {
+                Member::Named(ident) => ident.clone(),
+                Member::Unnamed(member) => {
+                    Ident::new(&format!("__field{}", member.index), Span::call_site())
+                }
+            };
+            quote!(#id)
+        })
+        .collect();
+    wrap_serialize_with(
+        params,
+        serialize_with,
+        field_tys.as_slice(),
+        field_exprs.as_slice(),
+    )
+}
+
+fn wrap_serialize_with(
+    params: &Parameters,
+    serialize_with: &syn::ExprPath,
+    field_tys: &[&syn::Type],
+    field_exprs: &[TokenStream],
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let this_type = &params.this_type;
+    let (_, ty_generics, where_clause) = params.generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let wrapper_generics = if field_exprs.is_empty() {
+        params.generics.clone()
+    } else {
+        bound::with_lifetime_bound(&params.generics, "'__a")
+    };
+    let (wrapper_impl_generics, wrapper_ty_generics, _) = wrapper_generics.split_for_impl();
+
+    let field_access = (0..field_exprs.len()).map(|n| {
+        Member::Unnamed(Index {
+            index: n as u32,
+            span: Span::call_site(),
+        })
+    });
+
+    quote!({
+        struct __SerializeWith #wrapper_impl_generics #where_clause {
+            values: (#(&'__a #field_tys, )*),
+            phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+        }
+
+        impl #wrapper_impl_generics _serde::Serialize for __SerializeWith #wrapper_ty_generics #where_clause {
+            fn serialize<__S>(&self, __s: __S) -> _serde::__private::Result<__S::Ok, __S::Error>
+            where
+                __S: _serde::Serializer,
+            {
+                #serialize_with(#(self.values.#field_access, )* __s)
+            }
+        }
+
+        &__SerializeWith {
+            values: (#(#field_exprs, )*),
+            phantom: _serde::__private::PhantomData::<#this_type #ty_generics>,
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+// Serialization of an empty struct results in code like:
+//
+//     let mut __serde_state = try!(serializer.serialize_struct("S", 0));
+//     _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::end(__serde_state)
+//
+// where we want to omit the `mut` to avoid a warning.
+fn mut_if(is_mut: bool) -> Option<TokenStream> {
+    if is_mut {
+        Some(quote!(mut))
+    } else {
+        None
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_member(params: &Parameters, field: &Field, member: &Member) -> TokenStream {
+    let self_var = &params.self_var;
+    match (params.is_remote, field.attrs.getter()) {
+        (false, None) => {
+            if params.is_packed {
+                quote!(&{#self_var.#member})
+            } else {
+                quote!(&#self_var.#member)
+            }
+        }
+        (true, None) => {
+            let inner = if params.is_packed {
+                quote!(&{#self_var.#member})
+            } else {
+                quote!(&#self_var.#member)
+            };
+            let ty = field.ty;
+            quote!(_serde::__private::ser::constrain::<#ty>(#inner))
+        }
+        (true, Some(getter)) => {
+            let ty = field.ty;
+            quote!(_serde::__private::ser::constrain::<#ty>(&#getter(#self_var)))
+        }
+        (false, Some(_)) => {
+            unreachable!("getter is only allowed for remote impls");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn effective_style(variant: &Variant) -> Style {
+    match variant.style {
+        Style::Newtype if variant.fields[0].attrs.skip_serializing() => Style::Unit,
+        other => other,
+    }
+}
+
+enum StructTrait {
+    SerializeMap,
+    SerializeStruct,
+    SerializeStructVariant,
+}
+
+impl StructTrait {
+    fn serialize_field(&self, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
+        match *self {
+            StructTrait::SerializeMap => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeMap::serialize_entry)
+            }
+            StructTrait::SerializeStruct => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::serialize_field)
+            }
+            StructTrait::SerializeStructVariant => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeStructVariant::serialize_field)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn skip_field(&self, span: Span) -> Option<TokenStream> {
+        match *self {
+            StructTrait::SerializeMap => None,
+            StructTrait::SerializeStruct => {
+                Some(quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeStruct::skip_field))
+            }
+            StructTrait::SerializeStructVariant => {
+                Some(quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeStructVariant::skip_field))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+enum TupleTrait {
+    SerializeTuple,
+    SerializeTupleStruct,
+    SerializeTupleVariant,
+}
+
+impl TupleTrait {
+    fn serialize_element(&self, span: Span) -> TokenStream {
+        match *self {
+            TupleTrait::SerializeTuple => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeTuple::serialize_element)
+            }
+            TupleTrait::SerializeTupleStruct => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeTupleStruct::serialize_field)
+            }
+            TupleTrait::SerializeTupleVariant => {
+                quote_spanned!(span=> _serde::ser::SerializeTupleVariant::serialize_field)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/this.rs b/src/this.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32731d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/this.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+use internals::ast::Container;
+use syn::{Path, PathArguments, Token};
+
+pub fn this_type(cont: &Container) -> Path {
+    if let Some(remote) = cont.attrs.remote() {
+        let mut this = remote.clone();
+        for segment in &mut this.segments {
+            if let PathArguments::AngleBracketed(arguments) = &mut segment.arguments {
+                arguments.colon2_token = None;
+            }
+        }
+        this
+    } else {
+        Path::from(cont.ident.clone())
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn this_value(cont: &Container) -> Path {
+    if let Some(remote) = cont.attrs.remote() {
+        let mut this = remote.clone();
+        for segment in &mut this.segments {
+            if let PathArguments::AngleBracketed(arguments) = &mut segment.arguments {
+                if arguments.colon2_token.is_none() {
+                    arguments.colon2_token = Some(Token![::](arguments.lt_token.span));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        this
+    } else {
+        Path::from(cont.ident.clone())
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/try.rs b/src/try.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48cceeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/try.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use proc_macro2::{Punct, Spacing, TokenStream};
+
+// None of our generated code requires the `From::from` error conversion
+// performed by the standard library's `try!` macro. With this simplified macro
+// we see a significant improvement in type checking and borrow checking time of
+// the generated code and a slight improvement in binary size.
+pub fn replacement() -> TokenStream {
+    // Cannot pass `$expr` to `quote!` prior to Rust 1.17.0 so interpolate it.
+    let dollar = Punct::new('$', Spacing::Alone);
+
+    quote! {
+        #[allow(unused_macros)]
+        macro_rules! try {
+            (#dollar __expr:expr) => {
+                match #dollar __expr {
+                    _serde::__private::Ok(__val) => __val,
+                    _serde::__private::Err(__err) => {
+                        return _serde::__private::Err(__err);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}