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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Directives: Output</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#echo">#echo</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#silent">#silent</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#raw">#raw</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include">#include</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include-raw">#include raw</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#include-from-a-string-or-expression-eval">#include from a string or expression (eval)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#slurp">#slurp</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#filter">#filter</a></li>
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<div class="section" id="directives-output">
<h1>Directives: Output<a class="headerlink" href="#directives-output" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>(output)</p>
<div class="section" id="echo">
<h2>#echo<a class="headerlink" href="#echo" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.echo)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Here</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">my</span> <span class="c1">#echo ', '.join(['silly']*5) # example</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Here</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">my</span> <span class="n">silly</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">silly</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">silly</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">silly</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">silly</span> <span class="n">example</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Here is my '</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">', '</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'silly'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' example</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="silent">
<h2>#silent<a class="headerlink" href="#silent" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.silent)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Here</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">my</span> <span class="c1">#silent ', '.join(['silly']*5) # example</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Here</span> <span class="ow">is</span> <span class="n">my</span> <span class="n">example</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Here is my '</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="s1">', '</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">([</span><span class="s1">'silly'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' example</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>OK, it’s not quite covert because that extra space gives it away,
but it almost succeeds.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="raw">
<h2>#raw<a class="headerlink" href="#raw" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.raw)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Text before raw.
#raw
Text in raw. $alligator. $croc.o['dile']. #set $a = $b + $c.
#end raw
Text after raw.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>Text before raw.
Text in raw. $alligator. $croc.o['dile']. #set $a = $b + $c.
Text after raw.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'''Text before raw.</span>
<span class="s1">Text in raw. $alligator. $croc.o['dile']. #set $a = $b + $c.</span>
<span class="s1">Text after raw.</span>
<span class="s1">'''</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>So we see that {#raw} is really like a quoting mechanism. It says
that anything inside it is ordinary text, and Cheetah joins a
{#raw} section with adjacent string literals rather than generating
a separate {write} call.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="include">
<h2>#include<a class="headerlink" href="#include" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.include)</p>
<p>The main template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#include "y.tmpl"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The included template y.tmpl:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">Let</span><span class="s1">'s go $voom!</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The shell command and output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">voom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"VOOM"</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">env</span>
<span class="n">Let</span><span class="s1">'s go VOOM!</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_includeCheetahSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"y.tmpl"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">includeFrom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"file"</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">raw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="include-raw">
<h3>#include raw<a class="headerlink" href="#include-raw" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>(output.include.raw)</p>
<p>The main template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#include raw "y.tmpl"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The shell command and output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">voom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"VOOM"</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">env</span>
<span class="n">Let</span><span class="s1">'s go $voom!</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_includeCheetahSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"y.tmpl"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">includeFrom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"fil</span>
<span class="n">e</span><span class="s2">", raw=1))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>That last argument, {raw}, makes the difference.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="include-from-a-string-or-expression-eval">
<h3>#include from a string or expression (eval)<a class="headerlink" href="#include-from-a-string-or-expression-eval" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
<p>(output.include.expression)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1">#attr $y = "Let's go $voom!"</span>
<span class="c1">#include source=$y</span>
<span class="c1">#include raw source=$y</span>
<span class="c1">#include source="Bam! Bam!"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>% voom="VOOM" x.py --env
Let's go VOOM!Let's go $voom!Bam! Bam!
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_includeCheetahSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"y"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">includeFrom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"str"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">raw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">includeID</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"481020889808.74"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_includeCheetahSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"y"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">includeFrom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"str"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">raw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">includeID</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"711020889808.75"</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_includeCheetahSource</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"Bam! Bam!"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">trans</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">trans</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">includeFrom</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"str"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">raw</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">includeID</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"1001020889808.75"</span><span class="p">))</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Later in the generated class:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">y</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"Let's go $voom!"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="slurp">
<h2>#slurp<a class="headerlink" href="#slurp" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.slurp)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>#for $i in range(5)
$i
#end for
#for $i in range(5)
$i #slurp
#end for
Line after slurp.
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="mi">2</span>
<span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="mi">3</span> <span class="mi">4</span> <span class="n">Line</span> <span class="n">after</span> <span class="n">slurp</span><span class="o">.</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from '$i' at line 2, col 1.</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">):</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from '$i' at line 5, col 1.</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">' '</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'Line after slurp.</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The space after each number is because of the space before {#slurp}
in the template definition.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="filter">
<h2>#filter<a class="headerlink" href="#filter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
<p>(output.filter)</p>
<p>The template:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>#attr $ode = ">> Rubber Ducky, you're the one! You make bathtime so much fun! <<"
$ode
#filter WebSafe
$ode
#filter MaxLen
${ode, maxlen=13}
#filter None
${ode, maxlen=13}
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The output:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">Rubber</span> <span class="n">Ducky</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">you</span><span class="s1">'re the one! You make bathtime so much fun! <<</span>
<span class="o">&</span><span class="n">gt</span><span class="p">;</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">gt</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">Rubber</span> <span class="n">Ducky</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">you</span><span class="s1">'re the one! You make bathtime so much fun! &lt;&lt;</span>
<span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">Rubber</span> <span class="n">Duc</span>
<span class="o">>></span> <span class="n">Rubber</span> <span class="n">Ducky</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">you</span><span class="s1">'re the one! You make bathtime so much fun! <<</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The {WebSafe} filter escapes characters that have a special meaning
in HTML. The {MaxLen} filter chops off values at the specified
length. {#filter None} returns to the default filter, which ignores
the {maxlen} argument.</p>
<p>The generated code:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"ode"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from '$ode' at line 2, col 1.</span>
<span class="mi">2</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">3</span> <span class="n">filterName</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'WebSafe'</span>
<span class="mi">4</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">"WebSafe"</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="mi">5</span> <span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_currentFilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="mi">6</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="mi">7</span> <span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_currentFilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> \
<span class="mi">8</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filtersLib</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span>
<span class="mi">9</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"ode"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from '$ode' at line 4, col 1.</span>
<span class="mi">10</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">11</span> <span class="n">filterName</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'MaxLen'</span>
<span class="mi">12</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="s2">"MaxLen"</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="mi">13</span> <span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_currentFilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="mi">14</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="mi">15</span> <span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_currentFilter</span> <span class="o">=</span> \
<span class="mi">16</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filters</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">getattr</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_filtersLib</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="n">filterName</span><span class="p">)(</span><span class="bp">self</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">filter</span>
<span class="mi">17</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"ode"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">maxlen</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from</span>
<span class="c1">#'${ode, maxlen=13}' at line 6, col 1.</span>
<span class="mi">18</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="mi">19</span> <span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_initialFilter</span>
<span class="mi">20</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">VFS</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">SL</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="s2">"ode"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">maxlen</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">13</span><span class="p">))</span> <span class="c1"># generated from</span>
<span class="c1">#'${ode, maxlen=13}' at line 8, col 1.</span>
<span class="mi">21</span> <span class="n">write</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>As we’ve seen many times, Cheetah wraps all placeholder lookups in
a {filter} call. (This also applies to non-searchList lookups:
local, global and builtin variables.) The {filter} “function” is
actually an alias to the current filter object:</p>
<div class="highlight-default"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">filter</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="bp">self</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">_currentFilter</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>as set at the top of the main method. Here in lines 3-8 and 11-16
we see the filter being changed. Whoops, I lied. {filter} is not an
alias to the filter object itself but to that object’s {.filter}
method. Line 19 switches back to the default filter.</p>
<p>In line 17 we see the {maxlen} argument being passed as a keyword
argument to {filter} (not to {VFS}). In line 20 the same thing
happens although the default filter ignores the argument.</p>
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