NASM 0.96

1 files changed, 2134 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/doc/rdsrc.pl b/doc/rdsrc.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a98128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/rdsrc.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,2134 @@
+#!/usr/bin/perl
+
+# Read the source-form of the NASM manual and generate the various
+# output forms.
+
+# TODO:
+#
+# PS output:
+# - show page numbers in printed output
+# - think about double-sided support (start all chapters on RHS,
+#   ie odd-numbered, pages).
+#
+# Ellipsis support would be nice.
+
+# Source-form features:
+# ---------------------
+# 
+# Bullet \b
+#   Bullets the paragraph. Rest of paragraph is indented to cope. In
+#   HTML, consecutive groups of bulleted paragraphs become unordered
+#   lists.
+# 
+# Emphasis \e{foobar}
+#   produces `_foobar_' in text and italics in HTML, PS, RTF
+# 
+# Inline code \c{foobar}
+#   produces ``foobar'' in text, and fixed-pitch font in HTML, PS, RTF
+# 
+# Display code
+# \c  line one
+# \c   line two
+#   produces fixed-pitch font where appropriate, and doesn't break
+#   pages except sufficiently far into the middle of a display.
+# 
+# Chapter, header and subheader
+# \C{intro} Introduction
+# \H{whatsnasm} What is NASM?
+# \S{free} NASM Is Free
+#   dealt with as appropriate. Chapters begin on new sides, possibly
+#   even new _pages_. (Sub)?headers are good places to begin new
+#   pages. Just _after_ a (sub)?header isn't.
+#   The keywords can be substituted with \K and \k.
+#
+# Keyword \K{cintro} \k{cintro}
+#   Expands to `Chapter 1', `Section 1.1', `Section 1.1.1'. \K has an
+#   initial capital whereas \k doesn't. In HTML, will produce
+#   hyperlinks.
+# 
+# Web link \W{http://foobar/}{text} or \W{mailto:me@here}\c{me@here}
+#   the \W prefix is ignored except in HTML; in HTML the last part
+#   becomes a hyperlink to the first part.
+# 
+# Literals \{ \} \\
+#   In case it's necessary, they expand to the real versions.
+# 
+# Nonbreaking hyphen \-
+#   Need more be said?
+# 
+# Source comment \#
+#   Causes everything after it on the line to be ignored by the
+#   source-form processor.
+#
+# Indexable word \i{foobar} (or \i\e{foobar} or \i\c{foobar}, equally)
+#   makes word appear in index, referenced to that point
+#   \i\c comes up in code style even in the index; \i\e doesn't come
+#   up in emphasised style.
+#
+# Indexable non-displayed word \I{foobar} or \I\c{foobar}
+#   just as \i{foobar} except that nothing is displayed for it
+#
+# Index rewrite
+# \IR{foobar} \c{foobar} operator, uses of
+#   tidies up the appearance in the index of something the \i or \I
+#   operator was applied to
+#
+# Index alias
+# \IA{foobar}{bazquux}
+#   aliases one index tag (as might be supplied to \i or \I) to
+#   another, so that \I{foobar} has the effect of \I{bazquux}, and
+#   \i{foobar} has the effect of \I{bazquux}foobar
+
+$diag = 1, shift @ARGV if $ARGV[0] eq "-d";
+
+$| = 1;
+
+$tstruct_previtem = $node = "Top";
+$nodes = ($node);
+$tstruct_level{$tstruct_previtem} = 0;
+$tstruct_last[$tstruct_level{$tstruct_previtem}] = $tstruct_previtem;
+$MAXLEVEL = 10;  # really 3, but play safe ;-)
+
+# Read the file; pass a paragraph at a time to the paragraph processor.
+print "Reading input...";
+$pname = "para000000";
+@pnames = @pflags = ();
+$para = undef;
+while (<>) {
+  chomp;
+  if (!/\S/ || /^\\I[AR]/) { # special case: \I[AR] implies new-paragraph
+    &got_para($para);
+    $para = undef;
+  }
+  if (/\S/) {
+    s/\\#.*$//; # strip comments
+    $para .= " " . $_;
+  }
+}
+&got_para($para);
+print "done.\n";
+
+# Now we've read in the entire document and we know what all the
+# heading keywords refer to. Go through and fix up the \k references.
+print "Fixing up cross-references...";
+&fixup_xrefs;
+print "done.\n";
+
+# Sort the index tags, according to the slightly odd order I've decided on.
+print "Sorting index tags...";
+&indexsort;
+print "done.\n";
+
+if ($diag) {
+  print "Writing index-diagnostic file...";
+  &indexdiag;
+  print "done.\n";
+}
+
+# OK. Write out the various output files.
+print "Producing text output: ";
+&write_txt;
+print "done.\n";
+print "Producing HTML output: ";
+&write_html;
+print "done.\n";
+print "Producing PostScript output: ";
+&write_ps;
+print "done.\n";
+print "Producing Texinfo output: ";
+&write_texi;
+print "done.\n";
+print "Producing WinHelp output: ";
+&write_hlp;
+print "done.\n";
+
+sub got_para {
+  local ($_) = @_;
+  my $pflags = "", $i, $w, $l, $t;
+  return if !/\S/;
+
+  @$pname = ();
+
+  # Strip off _leading_ spaces, then determine type of paragraph.
+  s/^\s*//;
+  $irewrite = undef;
+  if (/^\\c[^{]/) {
+    # A code paragraph. The paragraph-array will contain the simple
+    # strings which form each line of the paragraph.
+    $pflags = "code";
+    while (/^\\c (([^\\]|\\[^c])*)(.*)$/) {
+      $l = $1;
+      $_ = $3;
+      $l =~ s/\\{/{/g;
+      $l =~ s/\\}/}/g;
+      $l =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+      push @$pname, $l;
+    }
+    $_ = ''; # suppress word-by-word code
+  } elsif (/^\\C/) {
+    # A chapter heading. Define the keyword and allocate a chapter
+    # number.
+    $cnum++;
+    $hnum = 0;
+    $snum = 0;
+    $xref = "chapter-$cnum";
+    $pflags = "chap $cnum :$xref";
+    die "badly formatted chapter heading: $_\n" if !/^\\C{([^}]*)}\s*(.*)$/;
+    $refs{$1} = "chapter $cnum";
+    $node = "Chapter $cnum";
+    &add_item($node, 1);
+    $xrefnodes{$node} = $xref; $nodexrefs{$xref} = $node;
+    $xrefs{$1} = $xref;
+    $_ = $2;
+    # the standard word-by-word code will happen next
+  } elsif (/^\\A/) {
+    # An appendix heading. Define the keyword and allocate an appendix
+    # letter.
+    $cnum++;
+    $cnum = 'A' if $cnum =~ /[0-9]+/;
+    $hnum = 0;
+    $snum = 0;
+    $xref = "appendix-$cnum";
+    $pflags = "appn $cnum :$xref";
+    die "badly formatted appendix heading: $_\n" if !/^\\A{([^}]*)}\s*(.*)$/;
+    $refs{$1} = "appendix $cnum";
+    $node = "Appendix $cnum";
+    &add_item($node, 1);
+    $xrefnodes{$node} = $xref; $nodexrefs{$xref} = $node;
+    $xrefs{$1} = $xref;
+    $_ = $2;
+    # the standard word-by-word code will happen next
+  } elsif (/^\\H/) {
+    # A major heading. Define the keyword and allocate a section number.
+    $hnum++;
+    $snum = 0;
+    $xref = "section-$cnum.$hnum";
+    $pflags = "head $cnum.$hnum :$xref";
+    die "badly formatted heading: $_\n" if !/^\\[HP]{([^}]*)}\s*(.*)$/;
+    $refs{$1} = "section $cnum.$hnum";
+    $node = "Section $cnum.$hnum";
+    &add_item($node, 2);
+    $xrefnodes{$node} = $xref; $nodexrefs{$xref} = $node;
+    $xrefs{$1} = $xref;
+    $_ = $2;
+    # the standard word-by-word code will happen next
+  } elsif (/^\\S/) {
+    # A sub-heading. Define the keyword and allocate a section number.
+    $snum++;
+    $xref = "section-$cnum.$hnum.$snum";
+    $pflags = "subh $cnum.$hnum.$snum :$xref";
+    die "badly formatted subheading: $_\n" if !/^\\S{([^}]*)}\s*(.*)$/;
+    $refs{$1} = "section $cnum.$hnum.$snum";
+    $node = "Section $cnum.$hnum.$snum";
+    &add_item($node, 3);
+    $xrefnodes{$node} = $xref; $nodexrefs{$xref} = $node;
+    $xrefs{$1} = $xref;
+    $_ = $2;
+    # the standard word-by-word code will happen next
+  } elsif (/^\\IR/) {
+    # An index-rewrite.
+    die "badly formatted index rewrite: $_\n" if !/^\\IR{([^}]*)}\s*(.*)$/;
+    $irewrite = $1;
+    $_ = $2;
+    # the standard word-by-word code will happen next
+  } elsif (/^\\IA/) {
+    # An index-alias.
+    die "badly formatted index alias: $_\n" if !/^\\IA{([^}]*)}{([^}]*)}\s*$/;
+    $idxalias{$1} = $2;
+    return; # avoid word-by-word code
+  } elsif (/^\\b/) {
+    # A bulleted paragraph. Strip off the initial \b and let the
+    # word-by-word code take care of the rest.
+    $pflags = "bull";
+    s/^\\b\s*//;
+  } else {
+    # A normal paragraph. Just set $pflags: the word-by-word code does
+    # the rest.
+    $pflags = "norm";
+  }
+
+  # The word-by-word code: unless @$pname is already defined (which it
+  # will be in the case of a code paragraph), split the paragraph up
+  # into words and push each on @$pname.
+  #
+  # Each thing pushed on @$pname should have a two-character type
+  # code followed by the text.
+  #
+  # Type codes are:
+  # "n " for normal
+  # "da" for a dash
+  # "es" for first emphasised word in emphasised bit
+  # "e " for emphasised in mid-emphasised-bit
+  # "ee" for last emphasised word in emphasised bit
+  # "eo" for single (only) emphasised word
+  # "c " for code
+  # "k " for cross-ref
+  # "kK" for capitalised cross-ref
+  # "w " for Web link
+  # "wc" for code-type Web link
+  # "x " for beginning of resolved cross-ref; generates no visible output,
+  #      and the text is the cross-reference code
+  # "xe" for end of resolved cross-ref; text is same as for "x ".
+  # "i " for point to be indexed: the text is the internal index into the
+  #      index-items arrays
+  # "sp" for space
+  while (/\S/) {
+    s/^\s*//, push @$pname, "sp" if /^\s/;
+    $indexing = $qindex = 0;
+    if (/^(\\[iI])?\\c/) {
+      $qindex = 1 if $1 eq "\\I";
+      $indexing = 1, s/^\\[iI]// if $1;
+      s/^\\c//;
+      die "badly formatted \\c: \\c$_\n" if !/{(([^\\}]|\\.)*)}(.*)$/;
+      $w = $1;
+      $_ = $3;
+      $w =~ s/\\{/{/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\}/}/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\-/-/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+      (push @$pname,"i"),$lastp = $#$pname if $indexing;
+      push @$pname,"c $w" if !$qindex;
+      $$pname[$lastp] = &addidx($node, $w, "c $w") if $indexing;
+    } elsif (/^\\[iIe]/) {
+      /^(\\[iI])?(\\e)?/;
+      $emph = 0;
+      $qindex = 1 if $1 eq "\\I";
+      $indexing = 1, $type = "\\i" if $1;
+      $emph = 1, $type = "\\e" if $2;
+      s/^(\\[iI])?(\\e?)//;
+      die "badly formatted $type: $type$_\n" if !/{(([^\\}]|\\.)*)}(.*)$/;
+      $w = $1;
+      $_ = $3;
+      $w =~ s/\\{/{/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\}/}/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\-/-/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+      $t = $emph ? "es" : "n ";
+      @ientry = ();
+      (push @$pname,"i"),$lastp = $#$pname if $indexing;
+      foreach $i (split /\s+/,$w) {  # \e and \i can be multiple words
+        push @$pname,"$t$i","sp" if !$qindex;
+	($ii=$i) =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/, push @ientry,"n $ii","sp" if $indexing;
+	$t = $emph ? "e " : "n ";
+      }
+      $w =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/, pop @ientry if $indexing;
+      $$pname[$lastp] = &addidx($node, $w, @ientry) if $indexing;
+      pop @$pname if !$qindex; # remove final space
+      if (substr($$pname[$#$pname],0,2) eq "es" && !$qindex) {
+        substr($$pname[$#$pname],0,2) = "eo";
+      } elsif ($emph && !$qindex) {
+        substr($$pname[$#$pname],0,2) = "ee";
+      }
+    } elsif (/^\\[kK]/) {
+      $t = "k ";
+      $t = "kK" if /^\\K/;
+      s/^\\[kK]//;
+      die "badly formatted \\k: \\c$_\n" if !/{([^}]*)}(.*)$/;
+      $_ = $2;
+      push @$pname,"$t$1";
+    } elsif (/^\\W/) {
+      s/^\\W//;
+      die "badly formatted \\W: \\W$_\n"
+          if !/{([^}]*)}(\\i)?(\\c)?{(([^\\}]|\\.)*)}(.*)$/;
+      $l = $1;
+      $w = $4;
+      $_ = $6;
+      $t = "w ";
+      $t = "wc" if $3 eq "\\c";
+      $indexing = 1 if $2;
+      $w =~ s/\\{/{/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\}/}/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\-/-/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+      (push @$pname,"i"),$lastp = $#$pname if $indexing;
+      push @$pname,"$t<$l>$w";
+      $$pname[$lastp] = &addidx($node, $w, "c $w") if $indexing;
+    } else {
+      die "what the hell? $_\n" if !/^(([^\s\\\-]|\\[\\{}\-])*-?)(.*)$/;
+      die "painful death! $_\n" if !length $1;
+      $w = $1;
+      $_ = $3;
+      $w =~ s/\\{/{/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\}/}/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\-/-/g;
+      $w =~ s/\\\\/\\/g;
+      if ($w eq "-") {
+        push @$pname,"da";
+      } else {
+        push @$pname,"n $w";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if ($irewrite ne undef) {
+    &addidx(undef, $irewrite, @$pname);
+    @$pname = ();
+  } else {
+    push @pnames, $pname;
+    push @pflags, $pflags;
+    $pname++;
+  }
+}
+
+sub addidx {
+  my ($node, $text, @ientry) = @_;
+  $text = $idxalias{$text} || $text;
+  if ($node eq undef || !$idxmap{$text}) {
+    @$ientry = @ientry;
+    $idxmap{$text} = $ientry;
+    $ientry++;
+  }
+  if ($node) {
+    $idxnodes{$node,$text} = 1;
+    return "i $text";
+  }
+}
+
+sub indexsort {
+  my $iitem, $ientry, $i, $piitem, $pcval, $cval, $clrcval;
+
+  @itags = map { # get back the original data as the 1st elt of each list
+             $_->[0]
+	   } sort { # compare auxiliary (non-first) elements of lists
+	     $a->[1] cmp $b->[1] ||
+	     $a->[2] cmp $b->[2] ||
+	     $a->[0] cmp $b->[0]
+           } map { # transform array into list of 3-element lists
+	     my $ientry = $idxmap{$_};
+	     my $a = substr($$ientry[0],2);
+	     $a =~ tr/A-Za-z//cd;
+	     [$_, uc($a), substr($$ientry[0],0,2)]
+	   } keys %idxmap;
+
+  # Having done that, check for comma-hood.
+  $cval = 0;
+  foreach $iitem (@itags) {
+    $ientry = $idxmap{$iitem};
+    $clrcval = 1;
+    $pcval = $cval;
+    FL:for ($i=0; $i <= $#$ientry; $i++) {
+      if ($$ientry[$i] =~ /^(n .*,)(.*)/) {
+        $$ientry[$i] = $1;
+	splice @$ientry,$i+1,0,"n $2" if length $2;
+	$commapos{$iitem} = $i+1;
+	$cval = join("\002", @$ientry[0..$i]);
+	$clrcval = 0;
+	last FL;
+      }
+    }
+    $cval = undef if $clrcval;
+    $commanext{$iitem} = $commaafter{$piitem} = 1
+      if $cval and ($cval eq $pcval);
+    $piitem = $iitem;
+  }
+}
+
+sub indexdiag {
+  my $iitem,$ientry,$w,$ww,$foo,$node;
+  open INDEXDIAG,">index.diag";
+  foreach $iitem (@itags) {
+    $ientry = $idxmap{$iitem};
+    print INDEXDIAG "<$iitem> ";
+    foreach $w (@$ientry) {
+      $ww = &word_txt($w);
+      print INDEXDIAG $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+    }
+    print INDEXDIAG ":";
+    $foo = " ";
+    foreach $node (@nodes) {
+      (print INDEXDIAG $foo,$node), $foo = ", " if $idxnodes{$node,$iitem};
+    }
+    print INDEXDIAG "\n";
+  }
+  close INDEXDIAG;
+}
+
+sub fixup_xrefs {
+  my $pname, $p, $i, $j, $k, $caps, @repl;
+
+  for ($p=0; $p<=$#pnames; $p++) {
+    next if $pflags[$p] eq "code";
+    $pname = $pnames[$p];
+    for ($i=$#$pname; $i >= 0; $i--) {
+      if ($$pname[$i] =~ /^k/) {
+        $k = $$pname[$i];
+        $caps = ($k =~ /^kK/);
+	$k = substr($k,2);	
+        $repl = $refs{$k};
+	die "undefined keyword `$k'\n" unless $repl;
+	substr($repl,0,1) =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/ if $caps;
+	@repl = ();
+	push @repl,"x $xrefs{$k}";
+	foreach $j (split /\s+/,$repl) {
+	  push @repl,"n $j";
+	  push @repl,"sp";
+	}
+	pop @repl; # remove final space
+	push @repl,"xe$xrefs{$k}";
+	splice @$pname,$i,1,@repl;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+sub write_txt {
+  # This is called from the top level, so I won't bother using
+  # my or local.
+
+  # Open file.
+  print "writing file...";
+  open TEXT,">nasmdoc.txt";
+  select TEXT;
+
+  # Preamble.
+  $title = "The Netwide Assembler: NASM";
+  $spaces = ' ' x ((75-(length $title))/2);
+  ($underscore = $title) =~ s/./=/g;
+  print "$spaces$title\n$spaces$underscore\n";
+
+  for ($para = 0; $para <= $#pnames; $para++) {
+    $pname = $pnames[$para];
+    $pflags = $pflags[$para];
+    $ptype = substr($pflags,0,4);
+
+    print "\n"; # always one of these before a new paragraph
+
+    if ($ptype eq "chap") {
+      # Chapter heading. "Chapter N: Title" followed by a line of
+      # minus signs.
+      $pflags =~ /chap (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $title = "Chapter $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_txt($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "$title\n";
+      $title =~ s/./-/g;
+      print "$title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "appn") {
+      # Appendix heading. "Appendix N: Title" followed by a line of
+      # minus signs.
+      $pflags =~ /appn (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $title = "Appendix $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_txt($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "$title\n";
+      $title =~ s/./-/g;
+      print "$title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "head" || $ptype eq "subh") {
+      # Heading or subheading. Just a number and some text.
+      $pflags =~ /.... (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $title = sprintf "%6s ", $1;
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_txt($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "$title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "code") {
+      # Code paragraph. Emit each line with a seven character indent.
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        warn "code line longer than 68 chars: $i\n" if length $i > 68;
+        print ' 'x7, $i, "\n";
+      }
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "bull" || $ptype eq "norm") {
+      # Ordinary paragraph, optionally bulleted. We wrap, with ragged
+      # 75-char right margin and either 7 or 11 char left margin
+      # depending on bullets.
+      if ($ptype eq "bull") {
+        $line = ' 'x7 . '(*) ';
+	$next = ' 'x11;
+      } else {
+        $line = $next = ' 'x7;
+      }
+      @a = @$pname;
+      $wd = $wprev = '';
+      do {
+        do { $w = &word_txt(shift @a) } while $w eq "\001"; # nasty hack
+	$wd .= $wprev;
+	if ($wprev =~ /-$/ || $w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+	  if (length ($line . $wd) > 75) {
+	    $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	    print "$line\n";
+	    $line = $next;
+	    $wd =~ s/^\s*//; # trim leading spaces
+	  }
+	  $line .= $wd;
+	  $wd = '';
+	}
+	$wprev = $w;
+      } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+      if ($line =~ /\S/) {
+	$line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	print "$line\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Close file.
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+}
+
+sub word_txt {
+  my ($w) = @_;
+  my $wtype, $wmajt;
+
+  return undef if $w eq '' || $w eq undef;
+  $wtype = substr($w,0,2);
+  $wmajt = substr($wtype,0,1);
+  $w = substr($w,2);
+  $w =~ s/<.*>// if $wmajt eq "w"; # remove web links
+  if ($wmajt eq "n" || $wtype eq "e " || $wtype eq "w ") {
+    return $w;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "sp") {
+    return ' ';
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "da") {
+    return '-';
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "c" || $wtype eq "wc") {
+    return "`${w}'";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "es") {
+    return "_${w}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "ee") {
+    return "${w}_";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "eo") {
+    return "_${w}_";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "x" || $wmajt eq "i") {
+    return "\001";
+  } else {
+    die "panic in word_txt: $wtype$w\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub write_html {
+  # This is called from the top level, so I won't bother using
+  # my or local.
+
+  # Write contents file. Just the preamble, then a menu of links to the
+  # separate chapter files and the nodes therein.
+  print "writing contents file...";
+  open TEXT,">nasmdoc0.html";
+  select TEXT;
+  &html_preamble(0);
+  print "<p>This manual documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assembler\n";
+  print "targetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.\n";
+  print "<p>";
+  for ($node = $tstruct_next{'Top'}; $node; $node = $tstruct_next{$node}) {
+    if ($tstruct_level{$node} == 1) {
+      # Invent a file name.
+      ($number = lc($xrefnodes{$node})) =~ s/.*-//;
+      $fname="nasmdocx.html";
+      substr($fname,8 - length $number, length $number) = $number;
+      $html_fnames{$node} = $fname;
+      $link = $fname;
+      print "<p>";
+    } else {
+      # Use the preceding filename plus a marker point.
+      $link = $fname . "#$xrefnodes{$node}";
+    }
+    $title = "$node: ";
+    $pname = $tstruct_pname{$node};
+    foreach $i (@$pname) {
+      $ww = &word_html($i);
+      $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+    }
+    print "<a href=\"$link\">$title</a><br>\n";
+  }
+  print "<p><a href=\"nasmdoci.html\">Index</a>\n";
+  print "</body></html>\n";
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+
+  # Open a null file, to ensure output (eg random &html_jumppoints calls)
+  # goes _somewhere_.
+  print "writing chapter files...";
+  open TEXT,">/dev/null";
+  select TEXT;
+  $html_lastf = '';
+
+  $in_list = 0;
+
+  for ($para = 0; $para <= $#pnames; $para++) {
+    $pname = $pnames[$para];
+    $pflags = $pflags[$para];
+    $ptype = substr($pflags,0,4);
+
+    $in_list = 0, print "</ul>\n" if $in_list && $ptype ne "bull";
+    if ($ptype eq "chap") {
+      # Chapter heading. Begin a new file.
+      $pflags =~ /chap (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $title = "Chapter $1: ";
+      $xref = $2;
+      &html_jumppoints; print "</body></html>\n"; select STDOUT; close TEXT;
+      $html_lastf = $html_fnames{$chapternode};
+      $chapternode = $nodexrefs{$xref};
+      $html_nextf = $html_fnames{$tstruct_mnext{$chapternode}};
+      open TEXT,">$html_fnames{$chapternode}"; select TEXT; &html_preamble(1);
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_html($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      $h = "<h2><a name=\"$xref\">$title</a></h2>\n";
+      print $h; print FULL $h;
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "appn") {
+      # Appendix heading. Begin a new file.
+      $pflags =~ /appn (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $title = "Appendix $1: ";
+      $xref = $2;
+      &html_jumppoints; print "</body></html>\n"; select STDOUT; close TEXT;
+      $html_lastf = $html_fnames{$chapternode};
+      $chapternode = $nodexrefs{$xref};
+      $html_nextf = $html_fnames{$tstruct_mnext{$chapternode}};
+      open TEXT,">$html_fnames{$chapternode}"; select TEXT; &html_preamble(1);
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_html($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "<h2><a name=\"$xref\">$title</a></h2>\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "head" || $ptype eq "subh") {
+      # Heading or subheading.
+      $pflags =~ /.... (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $hdr = ($ptype eq "subh" ? "h4" : "h3");
+      $title = $1 . " ";
+      $xref = $2;
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_html($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "<$hdr><a name=\"$xref\">$title</a></$hdr>\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "code") {
+      # Code paragraph.
+      print "<p><pre>\n";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+	$w = $i;
+	$w =~ s/&/&amp;/g;
+	$w =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+	$w =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
+        print $w, "\n";
+      }
+      print "</pre>\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "bull" || $ptype eq "norm") {
+      # Ordinary paragraph, optionally bulleted. We wrap, with ragged
+      # 75-char right margin and either 7 or 11 char left margin
+      # depending on bullets.
+      if ($ptype eq "bull") {
+        $in_list = 1, print "<ul>\n" unless $in_list;
+        $line = '<li>';
+      } else {
+        $line = '<p>';
+      }
+      @a = @$pname;
+      $wd = $wprev = '';
+      do {
+        do { $w = &word_html(shift @a) } while $w eq "\001"; # nasty hack
+	$wd .= $wprev;
+	if ($w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+	  if (length ($line . $wd) > 75) {
+	    $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	    print "$line\n";
+	    $line = '';
+	    $wd =~ s/^\s*//; # trim leading spaces
+	  }
+	  $line .= $wd;
+	  $wd = '';
+	}
+	$wprev = $w;
+      } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+      if ($line =~ /\S/) {
+	$line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	print "$line\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Close whichever file was open.
+  &html_jumppoints;
+  print "</body></html>\n";
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+
+  print "\n   writing index file...";
+  open TEXT,">nasmdoci.html";
+  select TEXT;
+  &html_preamble(0);
+  print "<p align=center><a href=\"nasmdoc0.html\">Contents</a>\n";
+  print "<p>";
+  &html_index;
+  print "<p align=center><a href=\"nasmdoc0.html\">Contents</a>\n";
+  print "</body></html>\n";
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+}
+
+sub html_preamble {
+  print "<html><head><title>NASM Manual</title></head>\n";
+  print "<body><h1 align=center>The Netwide Assembler: NASM</h1>\n\n";
+  &html_jumppoints if $_[0];
+}
+
+sub html_jumppoints {
+  print "<p align=center>";
+  print "<a href=\"$html_nextf\">Next Chapter</a> |\n" if $html_nextf;
+  print "<a href=\"$html_lastf\">Previous Chapter</a> |\n" if $html_lastf;
+  print "<a href=\"nasmdoc0.html\">Contents</a> |\n";
+  print "<a href=\"nasmdoci.html\">Index</a>\n";
+}
+
+sub html_index {
+  my $itag, $a, @ientry, $sep, $w, $wd, $wprev, $line;
+
+  $chapternode = '';
+  foreach $itag (@itags) {
+    $ientry = $idxmap{$itag};
+    @a = @$ientry;
+    push @a, "n :";
+    $sep = 0;
+    foreach $node (@nodes) {
+      next if !$idxnodes{$node,$itag};
+      push @a, "n ," if $sep;
+      push @a, "sp", "x $xrefnodes{$node}", "n $node", "xe$xrefnodes{$node}";
+      $sep = 1;
+    }
+    $line = '';
+    do {
+      do { $w = &word_html(shift @a) } while $w eq "\001"; # nasty hack
+      $wd .= $wprev;
+      if ($w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+        if (length ($line . $wd) > 75) {
+	  $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	  print "$line\n";
+	  $line = '';
+	  $wd =~ s/^\s*//; # trim leading spaces
+	}
+	$line .= $wd;
+	$wd = '';
+      }
+      $wprev = $w;
+    } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+    if ($line =~ /\S/) {
+      $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+      print "$line\n";
+    }
+    print "<br>\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub word_html {
+  my ($w) = @_;
+  my $wtype, $wmajt, $pfx, $sfx;
+
+  return undef if $w eq '' || $w eq undef;
+
+  $wtype = substr($w,0,2);
+  $wmajt = substr($wtype,0,1);
+  $w = substr($w,2);
+  $pfx = $sfx = '';
+  $pfx = "<a href=\"$1\">", $sfx = "</a>", $w = $2
+    if $wmajt eq "w" && $w =~ /^<(.*)>(.*)$/;
+  $w =~ s/&/&amp;/g;
+  $w =~ s/</&lt;/g;
+  $w =~ s/>/&gt;/g;
+  if ($wmajt eq "n" || $wtype eq "e " || $wtype eq "w ") {
+    return $pfx . $w . $sfx;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "sp") {
+    return ' ';
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "da") {
+    return '-'; # sadly, en-dashes are non-standard in HTML
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "c" || $wtype eq "wc") {
+    return $pfx . "<code><nobr>${w}</nobr></code>" . $sfx;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "es") {
+    return "<em>${w}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "ee") {
+    return "${w}</em>";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "eo") {
+    return "<em>${w}</em>";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "x ") {
+    # Magic: we must resolve the cross reference into file and marker
+    # parts, then dispose of the file part if it's us, and dispose of
+    # the marker part if the cross reference describes the top node of
+    # another file.
+    my $node = $nodexrefs{$w}; # find the node we're aiming at
+    my $level = $tstruct_level{$node}; # and its level
+    my $up = $node, $uplev = $level-1;
+    $up = $tstruct_up{$up} while $uplev--; # get top node of containing file
+    my $file = ($up ne $chapternode) ? $html_fnames{$up} : "";
+    my $marker = ($level == 1 and $file) ? "" : "#$w";
+    return "<a href=\"$file$marker\">";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "xe") {
+    return "</a>";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "i") {
+    return "\001";
+  } else {
+    die "panic in word_html: $wtype$w\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub write_ps {
+  # This is called from the top level, so I won't bother using
+  # my or local.
+
+  # First, set up the font metric arrays.
+  &font_metrics;
+
+  # First stage: reprocess the source arrays into a list of
+  # lines, each of which is a list of word-strings, each of
+  # which has a single-letter font code followed by text.
+  # Each line also has an associated type, which will be
+  # used for final alignment and font selection and things.
+  #
+  # Font codes are:
+  #   n == Normal
+  #   e == Emphasised
+  #   c == Code
+  #  ' ' == space (no following text required)
+  #  '-' == dash (no following text required)
+  #
+  # Line types are:
+  #   chap == Chapter or appendix heading.
+  #   head == Major heading.
+  #   subh == Sub-heading.
+  #   Ccha == Contents entry for a chapter.
+  #   Chea == Contents entry for a heading.
+  #   Csub == Contents entry for a subheading.
+  #   cone == Code paragraph with just this one line on it.
+  #   cbeg == First line of multi-line code paragraph.
+  #   cbdy == Interior line of multi-line code paragraph.
+  #   cend == Final line of multi-line code paragraph.
+  #   none == Normal paragraph with just this one line on it.
+  #   nbeg == First line of multi-line normal paragraph.
+  #   nbdy == Interior line of multi-line normal paragraph.
+  #   nend == Final line of multi-line normal paragraph.
+  #   bone == Bulleted paragraph with just this one line on it.
+  #   bbeg == First line of multi-line bulleted paragraph.
+  #   bbdy == Interior line of multi-line bulleted paragraph.
+  #   bend == Final line of multi-line bulleted paragraph.
+  print "line-breaks...";
+  $lname = "psline000000";
+  $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+  @lnames = @ltypes = ();
+
+  for ($para = 0; $para <= $#pnames; $para++) {
+    $pname = $pnames[$para];
+    $pflags = $pflags[$para];
+    $ptype = substr($pflags,0,4);
+
+    # New paragraph _ergo_ new line.
+    @line = ();
+    @lindex = (); # list of index tags referenced to this line
+
+    if ($ptype eq "chap") {
+      # Chapter heading. "Chapter N: Title" followed by a line of
+      # minus signs.
+      $pflags =~ /chap (.*) :(.*)/;
+      push @line, "nChapter", " ", "n$1:", " ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_ps($i);
+        push @line, $ww unless $ww eq "x";
+      }
+      @$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+      push @lnames, $lname++;
+      $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+      push @ltypes, "chap";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "appn") {
+      # Appendix heading. "Appendix N: Title" followed by a line of
+      # minus signs.
+      $pflags =~ /appn (.*) :(.*)/;
+      push @line, "nAppendix", " ", "n$1:", " ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_ps($i);
+        push @line, $ww unless $ww eq "x";
+      }
+      @$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+      push @lnames, $lname++;
+      $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+      push @ltypes, "chap";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "head") {
+      # Heading. Just a number and some text.
+      $pflags =~ /.... (.*) :(.*)/;
+      push @line, "n$1";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_ps($i);
+        push @line, $ww unless $ww eq "x";
+      }
+      @$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+      push @lnames, $lname++;
+      $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+      push @ltypes, $ptype;
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "subh") {
+      # Subheading. Just a number and some text.
+      $pflags =~ /subh (.*) :(.*)/;
+      push @line, "n$1";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        push @line, &word_ps($i);
+      }
+      @$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+      push @lnames, $lname++;
+      $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+      push @ltypes, "subh";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "code") {
+      # Code paragraph. Emit lines one at a time.
+      $type = "cbeg";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        @$lname = ("c$i");
+	push @lnames, $lname++;
+	$lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+	push @ltypes, $type;
+	$type = "cbdy";
+      }
+      $ltypes[$#ltypes] = ($ltypes[$#ltypes] eq "cbeg" ? "cone" : "cend");
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "bull" || $ptype eq "norm") {
+      # Ordinary paragraph, optionally bulleted. We wrap, with ragged
+      # 75-char right margin and either 7 or 11 char left margin
+      # depending on bullets.
+      if ($ptype eq "bull") {
+        $width = 456; # leave 12-pt left indent for the bullet
+	$type = $begtype = "bbeg";
+	$bodytype = "bbdy";
+	$onetype = "bone";
+	$endtype = "bend";
+      } else {
+        $width = 468;
+	$type = $begtype = "nbeg";
+	$bodytype = "nbdy";
+	$onetype = "none";
+	$endtype = "nend";
+      }
+      @a = @$pname;
+      @line = @wd = ();
+      $linelen = 0;
+      $wprev = undef;
+      do {
+        do { $w = &word_ps(shift @a) } while ($w eq "x");
+	push @wd, $wprev if $wprev;
+	if ($wprev =~ /^n.*-$/ || $w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+	  $wdlen = &len_ps(@wd);
+	  if ($linelen + $wdlen > $width) {
+	    pop @line while $line[$#line] eq ' '; # trim trailing spaces
+	    @$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+	    push @lnames, $lname++;
+	    $lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+	    push @ltypes, $type;
+	    $type = $bodytype;
+	    @line = @lindex = ();
+	    $linelen = 0;
+	    shift @wd while $wd[0] eq ' '; # trim leading spaces
+	  }
+	  push @line, @wd;
+	  $linelen += $wdlen;
+	  @wd = ();
+	}
+	$wprev = $w;
+      } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+      if (@line) {
+        pop @line while $line[$#line] eq ' '; # trim trailing spaces
+	@$lname = @line; @$lnamei = @lindex;
+	push @lnames, $lname++;
+	$lnamei = "idx" . $lname;
+	push @ltypes, $type;
+	$type = $bodytype;
+      }
+      $ltypes[$#ltypes] =
+        ($ltypes[$#ltypes] eq $begtype ? $onetype : $endtype);
+    }
+  }
+
+  # We've now processed the document source into lines. Before we
+  # go on and do the page breaking, we'll fabricate a table of contents,
+  # line by line, and then after doing page breaks we'll go back and
+  # insert the page numbers into the contents entries.
+  print "building contents...";
+  @clnames = @cltypes = ();
+  $clname = "pscont000000";
+  @$clname = ("nContents"); # "chapter heading" for TOC
+  push @clnames,$clname++;
+  push @cltypes,"chap";
+  for ($i=0; $i<=$#lnames; $i++) {
+    $lname = $lnames[$i];
+    if ($ltypes[$i] =~ /^(chap|head|subh)/) {
+      @$clname = @$lname;
+      splice @$clname,1,0," " if ($ltypes[$i] !~ /chap/);
+      push @$clname,$i; # placeholder for page number
+      push @clnames,$clname++;
+      push @cltypes,"C" . substr($ltypes[$i],0,3);
+    }
+  }
+  @$clname = ("nIndex"); # contents entry for Index
+  push @$clname,$i;      # placeholder for page number
+  $idx_clname = $clname;
+  push @clnames,$clname++;
+  push @cltypes,"Ccha";
+  $contlen = $#clnames + 1;
+  unshift @lnames,@clnames;
+  unshift @ltypes,@cltypes;
+
+  # Second stage: now we have a list of lines, break them into pages.
+  # We do this by means of adding a third array in parallel with
+  # @lnames and @ltypes, called @lpages, in which we store the page
+  # number that each line resides on. We also add @ycoord which
+  # stores the vertical position of each line on the page.
+  #
+  # Page breaks may not come after line-types:
+  #   chap head subh cbeg nbeg bbeg
+  # and may not come before line-types:
+  #   cend nend bend
+  # They are forced before line-types:
+  #   chap
+  print "page-breaks...";
+  $pmax = 600; # ADJUSTABLE: maximum length of a page in points
+  $textht = 11; # ADJUSTABLE: height of a normal line in points
+  $spacing = 6; # ADJUSTABLE: space between paragraphs, in points
+  $headht = 14; # ADJUSTABLE: height of a major heading in points
+  $subht = 12; # ADJUSTABLE: height of a sub-heading in points
+  $pstart = 0; # start line of current page
+  $plen = 0; # current length of current page
+  $pnum = 1; # number of current page
+  $bpt = -1; # last feasible break point
+  $i = 0; # line number
+  while ($i <= $#lnames) {
+    $lname = $lnames[$i];
+    # Add the height of this line (computed the last time we went round
+    # the loop, unless we're a chapter heading in which case we do it
+    # now) to the length of the current page. Also, _put_ this line on
+    # the current page, and allocate it a y-coordinate.
+    if ($ltypes[$i] =~ /^chap$/) {
+      $plen = 100; # ADJUSTABLE: space taken up by a chapter heading
+      $ycoord[$i] = 0; # chapter heading: y-coord doesn't matter
+    } else {
+      $ycoord[$i] = $plen + $space;
+      $plen += $space + $ht;
+    }
+    # See if we can break after this line.
+    $bpt = $i if $ltypes[$i] !~ /^chap|head|subh|cbeg|nbeg|bbeg$/ &&
+		 $ltypes[$i+1] !~ /^cend|nend|bend$/;
+    # Assume, to start with, that we don't break after this line.
+    $break = 0;
+    # See if a break is forced.
+    $break = 1, $bpt = $i if $ltypes[$i+1] eq "chap" || !$ltypes[$i+1];
+    # Otherwise, compute the height of the next line, and break if
+    # it would make this page too long.
+    $ht = $textht, $space = 0 if $ltypes[$i+1] =~ /^[nbc](bdy|end)$/;
+    $ht = $textht, $space = $spacing if $ltypes[$i+1] =~ /^[nbc](one|beg)$/;
+    $ht = $textht, $space = $spacing if $ltypes[$i+1] =~ /^C/;
+    $ht = $subht, $space = $spacing if $ltypes[$i+1] eq "subh";
+    $ht = $headht, $space = $spacing if $ltypes[$i+1] eq "head";
+    $break = 1 if $plen + $space + $ht > $pmax;
+    # Now, if we're breaking, assign page number $pnum to all lines up
+    # to $bpt, set $i == $bpt+1, and zero $space since we are at the
+    # start of a new page and don't want leading space.
+    if ($break) {
+      die "no feasible break point at all on page $pnum\n" if $bpt == -1;
+      for ($j = $pstart; $j <= $bpt; $j++) {
+	$lnamei = "idx" . $lnames[$j];
+	foreach $k (@$lnamei) {
+	  ${$psidxpp{$k}}{$pnum} = 1;
+	}
+        $lpages[$j] = $pnum;
+      }
+      $pnum++;
+      $i = $bpt;
+      $bpt = -1;
+      $pstart = $i+1;
+      $plen = 0;
+      $space = 0;
+    }
+    $i++;
+  }
+
+  # Now fix up the TOC with page numbers.
+  print "\n   fixing up contents...";
+  for ($i=0; $i<=$#lnames; $i++) {
+    $lname = $lnames[$i];
+    if ($ltypes[$i] =~ /^C/) {
+      $j = pop @$lname;
+      push @$lname, "n" . $lpages[$j+$contlen];
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Having got page numbers for most stuff, generate an index.
+  print "building index...";
+  $iwid = 222;
+  $sep = 12;
+  $commaindent = 32;
+  foreach $k (@itags) {
+    @line = ();
+    $cmd = "index";
+    @idxentry = @{$idxmap{$k}};
+    if ($commaafter{$k} and !$commanext{$k}) {
+      # This line is a null line beginning a multiple entry. We must
+      # output the prefix on a line by itself.
+
+      @idxhead = splice @idxentry,0,$commapos{$k};
+      @line = ();
+      foreach $i (@idxhead) {
+        $ww = &word_ps($i);
+	push @line, $ww unless $ww eq "x";
+      }
+      &ps_idxout("index",\@line,[]);
+      $cmd = "iindex";
+      @line = ();
+    }
+    $cmd = "iindex", splice @idxentry,0,$commapos{$k} if $commanext{$k};
+    foreach $i (@idxentry) {
+      $ww = &word_ps($i);
+      push @line, $ww unless $ww eq "x";
+    }
+    $len = $iwid - $sep - &len_ps(@line);
+    warn "text for index tag `%s' is longer than one index line!\n"
+      if $len < -$sep;
+    @pp = ();
+    $inums = join(',',sort { $a <=> $b } keys %{$psidxpp{$k}});
+    while (length $inums) {
+      $inums =~ /^([^,]+,?)(.*)$/;
+      $inums = $2, $inum = $1;
+      @pnum = (" ", "n$inum");
+      $pnumlen = &len_ps(@pnum);
+      if ($pnumlen > $len) {
+        &ps_idxout($cmd,\@line,\@pp);
+	@pp = ();
+	@line = ();
+	$cmd = "index";
+	$len = $iwid - $sep;
+      }
+      push @pp, @pnum;
+      $len -= $pnumlen;
+    }
+    &ps_idxout($cmd,\@line,\@pp) if (length @pp);
+    $l1 = &len_ps(@line);
+    $l2 = &len_ps($pp);
+  }
+  $$idx_clname[$#$idx_clname] = "n" . $pnum; # fix up TOC entry for index
+
+  print "writing file...";
+  open PS,">nasmdoc.ps";
+  select PS;
+  $page = $lpages[0];
+  &ps_header;
+  for ($i=0; $i<=$#lnames; $i++) {
+    &ps_throw_pg($page,$lpages[$i]) if $page != $lpages[$i];
+    $page = $lpages[$i];
+    &ps_out_line($ycoord[$i],$ltypes[$i],$lnames[$i]);
+  }
+  $i = 0;
+  while ($i <= $#psindex) {
+    &ps_throw_pg($page, $pnum) if $page != $pnum;
+    $page = $pnum++;
+    $ypos = 0;
+    $ypos = 100, &ps_out_line(0, "chap", ["nIndex"]) if !$i;
+    $lines = ($pmax - $ypos) / $textht;
+    my $col; # ps_out_line hits this variable
+    PAGE:for ($col = 1; $col <= 2; $col++) {
+      $y = $ypos; $l = $lines;
+      COL: while ($l > 0) {
+        $j = $i+1;
+	$j++ while $psindex[$j] and ($psindex[$j][3] == 0); # find next break
+	last COL if $j-$i > $l or $i > $#psindex;
+	while ($i < $j) {
+	  &ps_out_line($y, $psindex[$i][0] eq "index" ? "idl$col" : "ldl$col",
+	               $psindex[$i][1]);
+	  &ps_out_line($y,"idr$col",$psindex[$i][2]);
+	  $i++;
+	  $y += $textht;
+	  $l--;
+	}
+      }
+      last PAGE if $i > $#psindex;
+    }
+  }
+  &ps_trailer;
+  close PS;
+  select STDOUT;
+}
+
+sub ps_idxout {
+  my ($cmd, $left, $right) = @_;
+  my $break = 1;
+  $break = 0
+      if ($#psindex >= 0) and ( ($#$left < 0) or ($cmd eq "iindex") );
+  push @psindex,[$cmd,[@$left],[@$right],$break];
+}
+
+sub ps_header {
+  @pshdr = (
+    '/sp (n ) def', # here it's sure not to get wrapped inside ()
+    '/nf /Times-Roman findfont 11 scalefont def',
+    '/ef /Times-Italic findfont 11 scalefont def',
+    '/cf /Courier findfont 11 scalefont def',
+    '/nc /Helvetica-Bold findfont 18 scalefont def',
+    '/ec /Helvetica-Oblique findfont 18 scalefont def',
+    '/cc /Courier-Bold findfont 18 scalefont def',
+    '/nh /Helvetica-Bold findfont 14 scalefont def',
+    '/eh /Helvetica-Oblique findfont 14 scalefont def',
+    '/ch /Courier-Bold findfont 14 scalefont def',
+    '/ns /Helvetica-Bold findfont 12 scalefont def',
+    '/es /Helvetica-Oblique findfont 12 scalefont def',
+    '/cs /Courier-Bold findfont 12 scalefont def',
+    '/n 16#6E def /e 16#65 def /c 16#63 def',
+    '/chapter {',
+    '  100 620 moveto',
+    '  {',
+    '    dup 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop nc setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {ec setfont} {cc setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval show',
+    '  } forall',
+    '  0 setlinecap 3 setlinewidth',
+    '  newpath 100 610 moveto 468 0 rlineto stroke',
+    '} def',
+    '/heading {',
+    '  686 exch sub /y exch def /a exch def',
+    '  90 y moveto a 0 get dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval',
+    '  nh setfont dup stringwidth pop neg 0 rmoveto show',
+    '  100 y moveto',
+    '  a dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval {',
+    '    /s exch def',
+    '    s 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop nh setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {eh setfont} {ch setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    s s length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval show',
+    '  } forall',
+    '} def',
+    '/subhead {',
+    '  688 exch sub /y exch def /a exch def',
+    '  90 y moveto a 0 get dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval',
+    '  ns setfont dup stringwidth pop neg 0 rmoveto show',
+    '  100 y moveto',
+    '  a dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval {',
+    '    /s exch def',
+    '    s 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop ns setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {es setfont} {cs setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    s s length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval show',
+    '  } forall',
+    '} def',
+    '/disp { /j exch def',
+    '  568 exch sub exch 689 exch sub moveto',
+    '  {',
+    '    /s exch def',
+    '    s 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop nf setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {ef setfont} {cf setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    s s length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval show',
+    '    s sp eq {j 0 rmoveto} if',
+    '  } forall',
+    '} def',
+    '/contents { /w exch def /y exch def /a exch def',
+    '  /yy 689 y sub def',
+    '  a a length 1 sub get dup length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval /s exch def',
+    '  nf setfont 568 s stringwidth pop sub /ex exch def',
+    '  ex yy moveto s show',
+    '  a 0 a length 1 sub getinterval y w 0 disp',
+    '  /sx currentpoint pop def nf setfont',
+    '  100 10 568 { /i exch def',
+    '    i 5 sub sx gt i 5 add ex lt and {',
+    '      i yy moveto (.) show',
+    '    } if',
+    '  } for',
+    '} def',
+    '/just { /w exch def /y exch def /a exch def',
+    '  /jj w def /spaces 0 def',
+    '  a {',
+    '    /s exch def',
+    '    s 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop nf setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {ef setfont} {cf setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    s s length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval stringwidth pop',
+    '    jj exch sub /jj exch def',
+    '    s sp eq {/spaces spaces 1 add def} if',
+    '  } forall',
+    '  a y w jj spaces spaces 0 eq {pop pop 0} {div} ifelse disp',
+    '} def',
+    '/idl { 468 exch sub 0 disp } def',
+    '/ldl { 436 exch sub 0 disp } def',
+    '/idr { 222 add 468 exch sub /x exch def /y exch def /a exch def',
+    '  a {',
+    '    /s exch def',
+    '    s 0 get',
+    '    dup n eq {pop nf setfont} {',
+    '      e eq {ef setfont} {cf setfont} ifelse',
+    '    } ifelse',
+    '    s s length 1 sub 1 exch getinterval stringwidth pop',
+    '    x add /x exch def',
+    '  } forall',
+    '  a y x 0 disp',
+    '} def',
+    '/left {0 disp} def',
+    '/bullet {',
+    '  nf setfont dup 100 exch 689 exch sub moveto (\267) show',
+    '} def'
+  );
+  print "%!PS-Adobe-3.0\n";
+  print "%%BoundingBox: 95 95 590 705\n";
+  print "%%Creator: a nasty Perl script\n";
+  print "%%DocumentData: Clean7Bit\n";
+  print "%%Orientation: Portrait\n";
+  print "%%Pages: $lpages[$#lpages]\n";
+  print "%%DocumentNeededResources: font Times-Roman Times-Italic\n";
+  print "%%+ font Helvetica-Bold Courier Courier-Bold\n";
+  print "%%EndComments\n%%BeginProlog\n%%EndProlog\n%%BeginSetup\nsave\n";
+  $pshdr = join(' ',@pshdr);
+  $pshdr =~ s/\s+/ /g;
+  while ($pshdr =~ /\S/) {
+    last if length($pshdr) < 72 || $pshdr !~ /^(.{0,72}\S)\s(.*)$/;
+    $pshdr = $2;
+    print "$1\n";
+  }
+  print "$pshdr\n" if $pshdr =~ /\S/;
+  print "%%EndSetup\n";
+  &ps_initpg($lpages[0]);
+}
+
+sub ps_trailer {
+  &ps_donepg;
+  print "%%Trailer\nrestore\n%%EOF\n";
+}
+
+sub ps_throw_pg {
+  my ($oldpg, $newpg) = @_;
+  &ps_donepg;
+  &ps_initpg($newpg);
+}
+
+sub ps_initpg {
+  my ($pgnum) = @_;
+  print "%%Page: $pgnum $pgnum\n";
+  print "%%BeginPageSetup\nsave\n%%EndPageSetup\n";
+}
+
+sub ps_donepg {
+  print "%%PageTrailer\nrestore showpage\n";
+}
+
+sub ps_out_line {
+  my ($ypos,$ltype,$lname) = @_;
+  my $c,$d,$wid;
+
+  print "[";
+  $col = 1;
+  foreach $c (@$lname) {#
+    $c= "n " if $c eq " ";
+    $c = "n\261" if $c eq "-";
+    $d = '';
+    while (length $c) {
+      $d .= $1, $c = $2 while $c =~ /^([ -'\*-\[\]-~]+)(.*)$/;
+      while (1) {
+        $d .= "\\$1", $c = $2, next if $c =~ /^([\\\(\)])(.*)$/;
+	($d .= sprintf "\\%3o",unpack("C",$1)), $c = $2, next
+	  if $c =~ /^([^ -~])(.*)$/;
+	last;
+      }
+    }
+    $d = "($d)";
+    $col = 0, print "\n" if $col>0 && $col+length $d > 77;
+    print $d;
+    $col += length $d;
+  }
+  print "\n" if $col > 60;
+  print "]";
+  if ($ltype =~ /^[nb](beg|bdy)$/) {
+    printf "%d %s%d just\n",
+      $ypos, ($ltype eq "bbeg" ? "bullet " : ""),
+      ($ltype =~ /^b/ ? 456 : 468);
+  } elsif ($ltype =~ /^[nb](one|end)$/) {
+    printf "%d %s%d left\n",
+      $ypos, ($ltype eq "bone" ? "bullet " : ""),
+      ($ltype =~ /^b/ ? 456 : 468);
+  } elsif ($ltype =~ /^c(one|beg|bdy|end)$/) {
+    printf "$ypos 468 left\n";
+  } elsif ($ltype =~ /^C/) {
+    $wid = 468;
+    $wid = 456 if $ltype eq "Chea";
+    $wid = 444 if $ltype eq "Csub";
+    printf "$ypos $wid contents\n";
+  } elsif ($ltype eq "chap") {
+    printf "chapter\n";
+  } elsif ($ltype eq "head") {
+    printf "$ypos heading\n";
+  } elsif ($ltype eq "subh") {
+    printf "$ypos subhead\n";
+  } elsif ($ltype =~ /([il]d[lr])([12])/) {
+    $left = ($2 eq "2" ? 468-222 : 0);
+    printf "$ypos $left $1\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub word_ps {
+  my ($w) = @_;
+  my $wtype, $wmajt;
+
+  return undef if $w eq '' || $w eq undef;
+
+  $wtype = substr($w,0,2);
+  $wmajt = substr($wtype,0,1);
+  $w = substr($w,2);
+  $w =~ s/<.*>// if $wmajt eq "w"; # remove web links
+  if ($wmajt eq "n" || $wtype eq "w ") {
+    return "n$w";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "sp") {
+    return ' ';
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "da") {
+    return '-';
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "c" || $wtype eq "wc") {
+    return "c$w";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "e") {
+    return "e$w";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "x") {
+    return "x";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "i ") {
+    push @lindex, $w;
+    return "x";
+  } else {
+    die "panic in word_ps: $wtype$w\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub len_ps {
+  my (@line) = @_;
+  my $l = 0;
+  my $w, $size;
+
+  $size = 11/1000; # used only for length calculations
+  while ($w = shift @line) {
+    $w = "n " if $w eq " ";
+    $w = "n\261" if $w eq "-";
+    $f = substr($w,0,1);
+    $f = "timesr" if $f eq "n";
+    $f = "timesi" if $f eq "e";
+    $f = "courr" if $f eq "c";
+    foreach $c (unpack 'C*',substr($w,1)) {
+      $l += $size * $$f[$c];
+    }
+  }
+  return $l;
+}
+
+sub write_texi {
+  # This is called from the top level, so I won't bother using
+  # my or local.
+
+  # Open file.
+  print "writing file...";
+  open TEXT,">nasmdoc.texi";
+  select TEXT;
+
+  # Preamble.
+  print "\input texinfo   \@c -*-texinfo-*-\n";
+  print "\@c \%**start of header\n";
+  print "\@setfilename nasm.info\n";
+  print "\@settitle NASM: The Netwide Assembler\n";
+  print "\@setchapternewpage odd\n";
+  print "\@c \%**end of header\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "\@ifinfo\n";
+  print "This file documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assembler\n";
+  print "targetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "Copyright 1997 Simon Tatham\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "All rights reserved. This document is redistributable under the\n";
+  print "licence given in the file \"Licence\" distributed in the NASM archive.\n";
+  print "\@end ifinfo\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "\@titlepage\n";
+  print "\@title NASM: The Netwide Assembler\n";
+  print "\@author Simon Tatham\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "\@page\n";
+  print "\@vskip 0pt plus 1filll\n";
+  print "Copyright \@copyright{} 1997 Simon Tatham\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "All rights reserved. This document is redistributable under the\n";
+  print "licence given in the file \"Licence\" distributed in the NASM archive.\n";
+  print "\@end titlepage\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "\@node Top, $tstruct_next{'Top'}, (dir), (dir)\n";
+  print "\@top\n";
+  print "\n";
+  print "\@ifinfo\n";
+  print "This file documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assembler\n";
+  print "targetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.\n";
+  print "\@end ifinfo\n";
+
+  $node = "Top";
+
+  $bulleting = 0;
+  for ($para = 0; $para <= $#pnames; $para++) {
+    $pname = $pnames[$para];
+    $pflags = $pflags[$para];
+    $ptype = substr($pflags,0,4);
+
+    $bulleting = 0, print "\@end itemize\n" if $bulleting && $ptype ne "bull";
+    print "\n"; # always one of these before a new paragraph
+
+    if ($ptype eq "chap") {
+      # Chapter heading. Begin a new node.
+      &texi_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /chap (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Chapter $1";
+      $title = "Chapter $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_texi($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\@node $node, $tstruct_next{$node}, $tstruct_prev{$node},";
+      print " $tstruct_up{$node}\n\@unnumbered $title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "appn") {
+      # Appendix heading. Begin a new node.
+      &texi_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /appn (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Appendix $1";
+      $title = "Appendix $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_texi($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\@node $node, $tstruct_next{$node}, $tstruct_prev{$node},";
+      print " $tstruct_up{$node}\n\@unnumbered $title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "head" || $ptype eq "subh") {
+      # Heading or subheading. Begin a new node.
+      &texi_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /.... (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Section $1";
+      $title = "$1. ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_texi($i);
+        $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\@node $node, $tstruct_next{$node}, $tstruct_prev{$node},";
+      print " $tstruct_up{$node}\n\@unnumbered $title\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "code") {
+      # Code paragraph. Surround with @example / @end example.
+      print "\@example\n";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        warn "code line longer than 68 chars: $i\n" if length $i > 68;
+	$i =~ s/\@/\@\@/g;
+	$i =~ s/\{/\@\{/g;
+	$i =~ s/\}/\@\}/g;
+        print "$i\n";
+      }
+      print "\@end example\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "bull" || $ptype eq "norm") {
+      # Ordinary paragraph, optionally bulleted. We wrap, FWIW.
+      if ($ptype eq "bull") {
+        $bulleting = 1, print "\@itemize \@bullet\n" if !$bulleting;
+	print "\@item\n";
+      }
+      $line = '';
+      @a = @$pname;
+      $wd = $wprev = '';
+      do {
+        do { $w = &word_texi(shift @a); } while $w eq "\001"; # hack
+	$wd .= $wprev;
+	if ($wprev =~ /-$/ || $w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+	  if (length ($line . $wd) > 75) {
+	    $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	    print "$line\n";
+	    $line = '';
+	    $wd =~ s/^\s*//; # trim leading spaces
+	  }
+	  $line .= $wd;
+	  $wd = '';
+	}
+	$wprev = $w;
+      } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+      if ($line =~ /\S/) {
+	$line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	print "$line\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Write index.
+  &texi_index;
+
+  # Close file.
+  print "\n\@contents\n\@bye\n";
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+}
+
+# Side effect of this procedure: update global `texiwdlen' to be the length
+# in chars of the formatted version of the word.
+sub word_texi {
+  my ($w) = @_;
+  my $wtype, $wmajt;
+
+  return undef if $w eq '' || $w eq undef;
+  $wtype = substr($w,0,2);
+  $wmajt = substr($wtype,0,1);
+  $w = substr($w,2);
+  $wlen = length $w;
+  $w =~ s/\@/\@\@/g;
+  $w =~ s/\{/\@\{/g;
+  $w =~ s/\}/\@\}/g;
+  $w =~ s/<.*>// if $wmajt eq "w"; # remove web links
+  substr($w,0,1) =~ tr/a-z/A-Z/, $capital = 0 if $capital;
+  if ($wmajt eq "n" || $wtype eq "e " || $wtype eq "w ") {
+    $texiwdlen = $wlen;
+    return $w;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "sp") {
+    $texiwdlen = 1;
+    return ' ';
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "da") {
+    $texiwdlen = 2;
+    return '--';
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "c" || $wtype eq "wc") {
+    $texiwdlen = 2 + $wlen;
+    return "\@code\{$w\}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "es") {
+    $texiwdlen = 1 + $wlen;
+    return "\@emph\{${w}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "ee") {
+    $texiwdlen = 1 + $wlen;
+    return "${w}\}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "eo") {
+    $texiwdlen = 2 + $wlen;
+    return "\@emph\{${w}\}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "x ") {
+    $texiwdlen = 0; # we don't need it in this case
+    $capital = 1; # hack
+    return "\@ref\{";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "xe") {
+    $texiwdlen = 0; # we don't need it in this case
+    return "\}";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "i") {
+    $texiwdlen = 0; # we don't need it in this case
+    return "\001";
+  } else {
+    die "panic in word_texi: $wtype$w\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub texi_menu {
+  my ($topitem) = @_;
+  my $item, $i, $mpname, $title, $wd;
+
+  $item = $tstruct_next{$topitem};
+  print "\@menu\n";
+  while ($item) {
+    $title = "";
+    $mpname = $tstruct_pname{$item};
+    foreach $i (@$mpname) {
+      $wd = &word_texi($i);
+      $title .= $wd unless $wd eq "\001";
+    }
+    print "* ${item}:: $title\n";
+    $item = $tstruct_mnext{$item};
+  }
+  print "* Index::\n" if $topitem eq "Top";
+  print "\@end menu\n";
+}
+
+sub texi_index {
+  my $itag, $ientry, @a, $wd, $item, $len;
+  my $subnums = "123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU" .
+                "VWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
+
+  print "\@ifinfo\n\@node Index, , $FIXMElastnode, Top\n";
+  print "\@unnumbered Index\n\n\@menu\n";
+
+  foreach $itag (@itags) {
+    $ientry = $idxmap{$itag};
+    @a = @$ientry;
+    $item = '';
+    $len = 0;
+    foreach $i (@a) {
+      $wd = &word_texi($i);
+      $item .= $wd, $len += $texiwdlen unless $wd eq "\001";
+    }
+    $i = 0;
+    foreach $node (@nodes) {
+      next if !$idxnodes{$node,$itag};
+      printf "* %s%s (%s): %s.\n",
+          $item, " " x (40-$len), substr($subnums,$i++,1), $node;
+    }
+  }
+  print "\@end menu\n\@end ifinfo\n";
+}
+
+sub write_hlp {
+  # This is called from the top level, so I won't bother using
+  # my or local.
+
+  # Build the index-tag text forms.
+  print "building index entries...";
+  @hlp_index = map {
+                 my $i,$ww;
+		 my $ientry = $idxmap{$_};
+		 my $title = "";
+                 foreach $i (@$ientry) {
+		   $ww = &word_hlp($i,0);
+		   $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+		 }
+		 $title;
+               } @itags;
+
+  # Write the HPJ project-description file.
+  print "writing .hpj file...";
+  open HPJ,">nasmdoc.hpj";
+  print HPJ "[OPTIONS]\ncompress=true\n";
+  print HPJ "title=NASM: The Netwide Assembler\noldkeyphrase=no\n\n";
+  print HPJ "[FILES]\nnasmdoc.rtf\n\n";
+  print HPJ "[CONFIG]\n";
+  print HPJ 'CreateButton("btn_up", "&Up",'.
+            ' "JumpContents(`nasmdoc.hlp'."'".')")';
+  print HPJ "\nBrowseButtons()\n";
+  close HPJ;
+
+  # Open file.
+  print "\n   writing .rtf file...";
+  open TEXT,">nasmdoc.rtf";
+  select TEXT;
+
+  # Preamble.
+  print "{\\rtf1\\ansi{\\fonttbl\n";
+  print "\\f0\\froman Times New Roman;\\f1\\fmodern Courier New;\n";
+  print "\\f2\\fswiss Arial;\\f3\\ftech Wingdings}\\deff0\n";
+  print "#{\\footnote Top}\n";
+  print "\${\\footnote Contents}\n";
+  print "+{\\footnote browse:00000}\n";
+  print "!{\\footnote DisableButton(\"btn_up\")}\n";
+  print "\\keepn\\f2\\b\\fs30\\sb0\n";
+  print "NASM: The Netwide Assembler\n";
+  print "\\par\\pard\\plain\\sb120\n";
+  print "This file documents NASM, the Netwide Assembler: an assembler \n";
+  print "targetting the Intel x86 series of processors, with portable source.\n";
+
+  $node = "Top";
+  $browse = 0;
+
+  $newpar = "\\par\\sb120\n";
+  for ($para = 0; $para <= $#pnames; $para++) {
+    $pname = $pnames[$para];
+    $pflags = $pflags[$para];
+    $ptype = substr($pflags,0,4);
+
+    print $newpar;
+    $newpar = "\\par\\sb120\n";
+
+    if ($ptype eq "chap") {
+      # Chapter heading. Begin a new node.
+      &hlp_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /chap (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Chapter $1";
+      $title = $footnotetitle = "Chapter $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_hlp($i,1);
+	$title .= $ww, $footnotetitle .= &word_hlp($i,0) unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\\page\n";
+      printf "#{\\footnote %s}\n", &hlp_sectkw($node);
+      print "\${\\footnote $footnotetitle}\n";
+      printf "+{\\footnote browse:%05d}\n", ++$browse;
+      printf "!{\\footnote ChangeButtonBinding(\"btn_up\"," .
+             "\"JumpId(\`nasmdoc.hlp',\`%s')\");\n",
+	     &hlp_sectkw($tstruct_up{$node});
+      print "EnableButton(\"btn_up\")}\n";
+      &hlp_keywords($node);
+      print "\\keepn\\f2\\b\\fs30\\sb60\\sa60\n";
+      print "$title\n";
+      $newpar = "\\par\\pard\\plain\\sb120\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "appn") {
+      # Appendix heading. Begin a new node.
+      &hlp_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /appn (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Appendix $1";
+      $title = $footnotetitle = "Appendix $1: ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_hlp($i,1);
+	$title .= $ww, $footnotetitle .= &word_hlp($i,0) unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\\page\n";
+      printf "#{\\footnote %s}\n", &hlp_sectkw($node);
+      print "\${\\footnote $footnotetitle}\n";
+      printf "+{\\footnote browse:%05d}\n", ++$browse;
+      printf "!{\\footnote ChangeButtonBinding(\"btn_up\"," .
+             "\"JumpId(\`nasmdoc.hlp',\`%s')\");\n",
+	     &hlp_sectkw($tstruct_up{$node});
+      print "EnableButton(\"btn_up\")}\n";
+      &hlp_keywords($node);
+      print "\\keepn\\f2\\b\\fs30\\sb60\\sa60\n";
+      print "$title\n";
+      $newpar = "\\par\\pard\\plain\\sb120\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "head" || $ptype eq "subh") {
+      # Heading or subheading. Begin a new node.
+      &hlp_menu($node)
+        if $tstruct_level{$tstruct_next{$node}} > $tstruct_level{$node};
+      $pflags =~ /.... (.*) :(.*)/;
+      $node = "Section $1";
+      $title = $footnotetitle = "$1. ";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        $ww = &word_hlp($i,1);
+	$title .= $ww, $footnotetitle .= &word_hlp($i,0) unless $ww eq "\001";
+      }
+      print "\\page\n";
+      printf "#{\\footnote %s}\n", &hlp_sectkw($node);
+      print "\${\\footnote $footnotetitle}\n";
+      printf "+{\\footnote browse:%05d}\n", ++$browse;
+      printf "!{\\footnote ChangeButtonBinding(\"btn_up\"," .
+             "\"JumpId(\`nasmdoc.hlp',\`%s')\");\n",
+	     &hlp_sectkw($tstruct_up{$node});
+      print "EnableButton(\"btn_up\")}\n";
+      &hlp_keywords($node);
+      print "\\keepn\\f2\\b\\fs30\\sb60\\sa60\n";
+      print "$title\n";
+      $newpar = "\\par\\pard\\plain\\sb120\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "code") {
+      # Code paragraph.
+      print "\\keep\\f1\\sb120\n";
+      foreach $i (@$pname) {
+        warn "code line longer than 68 chars: $i\n" if length $i > 68;
+	$i =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+	$i =~ s/\{/\\\{/g;
+	$i =~ s/\}/\\\}/g;
+        print "$i\\par\\sb0\n";
+      }
+      $newpar = "\\pard\\f0\\sb120\n";
+    } elsif ($ptype eq "bull" || $ptype eq "norm") {
+      # Ordinary paragraph, optionally bulleted. We wrap, FWIW.
+      if ($ptype eq "bull") {
+        print "\\tx360\\li360\\fi-360{\\f3\\'9F}\\tab\n";
+	$newpar = "\\par\\pard\\sb120\n";
+      } else {
+	$newpar = "\\par\\sb120\n";
+      }
+      $line = '';
+      @a = @$pname;
+      $wd = $wprev = '';
+      do {
+        do { $w = &word_hlp((shift @a),1); } while $w eq "\001"; # hack
+	$wd .= $wprev;
+	if ($w eq ' ' || $w eq '' || $w eq undef) {
+	  if (length ($line . $wd) > 75) {
+	    $line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	    print "$line \n"; # and put one back
+	    $line = '';
+	    $wd =~ s/^\s*//; # trim leading spaces
+	  }
+	  $line .= $wd;
+	  $wd = '';
+	}
+	$wprev = $w;
+      } while ($w ne '' && $w ne undef);
+      if ($line =~ /\S/) {
+	$line =~ s/\s*$//; # trim trailing spaces
+	print "$line\n";
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  # Close file.
+  print "\\page}\n";
+  select STDOUT;
+  close TEXT;
+}
+
+sub word_hlp {
+  my ($w, $docode) = @_;
+  my $wtype, $wmajt;
+
+  return undef if $w eq '' || $w eq undef;
+  $wtype = substr($w,0,2);
+  $wmajt = substr($wtype,0,1);
+  $w = substr($w,2);
+  $w =~ s/\\/\\\\/g;
+  $w =~ s/\{/\\\{/g;
+  $w =~ s/\}/\\\}/g;
+  $w =~ s/<.*>// if $wmajt eq "w"; # remove web links
+  substr($w,0,length($w)-1) =~ s/-/\\'AD/g if $wmajt ne "x"; #nonbreakhyphens
+  if ($wmajt eq "n" || $wtype eq "e " || $wtype eq "w ") {
+    return $w;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "sp") {
+    return ' ';
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "da") {
+    return "\\'96";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "c" || $wtype eq "wc") {
+    $w =~ s/ /\\'A0/g; # make spaces non-breaking
+    return $docode ? "{\\f1 ${w}}" : $w;
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "es") {
+    return "{\\i ${w}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "ee") {
+    return "${w}}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "eo") {
+    return "{\\i ${w}}";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "x ") {
+    return "{\\uldb ";
+  } elsif ($wtype eq "xe") {
+    $w = &hlp_sectkw($w);
+    return "}{\\v ${w}}";
+  } elsif ($wmajt eq "i") {
+    return "\001";
+  } else {
+    die "panic in word_hlp: $wtype$w\n";
+  }
+}
+
+sub hlp_menu {
+  my ($topitem) = @_;
+  my $item, $kword, $i, $mpname, $title;
+
+  $item = $tstruct_next{$topitem};
+  print "\\li360\\fi-360\n";
+  while ($item) {
+    $title = "";
+    $mpname = $tstruct_pname{$item};
+    foreach $i (@$mpname) {
+      $ww = &word_hlp($i, 0);
+      $title .= $ww unless $ww eq "\001";
+    }
+    $kword = &hlp_sectkw($item);
+    print "{\\uldb ${item}: $title}{\\v $kword}\\par\\sb0\n";
+    $item = $tstruct_mnext{$item};
+  }
+  print "\\pard\\sb120\n";
+}
+
+sub hlp_sectkw {
+  my ($node) = @_;
+  $node =~ tr/A-Z/a-z/;
+  $node =~ tr/- ./___/;
+  $node;
+}
+
+sub hlp_keywords {
+  my ($node) = @_;
+  my $pfx = "K{\\footnote ";
+  my $done = 0;
+  foreach $i (0..$#itags) {
+    (print $pfx,$hlp_index[$i]), $pfx = ";\n", $done++
+        if $idxnodes{$node,$itags[$i]};
+  }
+  print "}\n" if $done;
+}
+
+# Make tree structures. $tstruct_* is top-level and global.
+sub add_item {
+  my ($item, $level) = @_;
+  my $i;
+
+  $tstruct_pname{$item} = $pname;
+  $tstruct_next{$tstruct_previtem} = $item;
+  $tstruct_prev{$item} = $tstruct_previtem;
+  $tstruct_level{$item} = $level;
+  $tstruct_up{$item} = $tstruct_last[$level-1];
+  $tstruct_mnext{$tstruct_last[$level]} = $item;
+  $tstruct_last[$level] = $item;
+  for ($i=$level+1; $i<$MAXLEVEL; $i++) { $tstruct_last[$i] = undef; }
+  $tstruct_previtem = $item;
+  push @nodes, $item;
+}
+
+# PostScript font metric data. Used for line breaking.
+sub font_metrics {
+  @timesr = (
+     250,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     250, 333, 408, 500, 500, 833, 778, 333,
+     333, 333, 500, 564, 250, 333, 250, 278,
+     500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500,
+     500, 500, 278, 278, 564, 564, 564, 444,
+     921, 722, 667, 667, 722, 611, 556, 722,
+     722, 333, 389, 722, 611, 889, 722, 722,
+     556, 722, 667, 556, 611, 722, 722, 944,
+     722, 722, 611, 333, 278, 333, 469, 500,
+     333, 444, 500, 444, 500, 444, 333, 500,
+     500, 278, 278, 500, 278, 778, 500, 500,
+     500, 500, 333, 389, 278, 500, 500, 722,
+     500, 500, 444, 480, 200, 480, 541,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 333, 500, 500, 167, 500, 500, 500,
+     500, 180, 444, 500, 333, 333, 556, 556,
+       0, 500, 500, 500, 250,   0, 453, 350,
+     333, 444, 444, 500,1000,1000,   0, 444,
+       0, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+     333,   0, 333, 333,   0, 333, 333, 333,
+    1000,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 889,   0, 276,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     611, 722, 889, 310,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 667,   0,   0,   0, 278,   0,   0,
+     278, 500, 722, 500,   0,   0,   0,   0
+  );
+  @timesi = (
+     250,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     250, 333, 420, 500, 500, 833, 778, 333,
+     333, 333, 500, 675, 250, 333, 250, 278,
+     500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500, 500,
+     500, 500, 333, 333, 675, 675, 675, 500,
+     920, 611, 611, 667, 722, 611, 611, 722,
+     722, 333, 444, 667, 556, 833, 667, 722,
+     611, 722, 611, 500, 556, 722, 611, 833,
+     611, 556, 556, 389, 278, 389, 422, 500,
+     333, 500, 500, 444, 500, 444, 278, 500,
+     500, 278, 278, 444, 278, 722, 500, 500,
+     500, 500, 389, 389, 278, 500, 444, 667,
+     444, 444, 389, 400, 275, 400, 541,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 389, 500, 500, 167, 500, 500, 500,
+     500, 214, 556, 500, 333, 333, 500, 500,
+       0, 500, 500, 500, 250,   0, 523, 350,
+     333, 556, 556, 500, 889,1000,   0, 500,
+       0, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333, 333,
+     333,   0, 333, 333,   0, 333, 333, 333,
+     889,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 889,   0, 276,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     556, 722, 944, 310,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 667,   0,   0,   0, 278,   0,   0,
+     278, 500, 667, 500,   0,   0,   0,   0
+  );
+  @courr = (
+     600,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+       0, 600, 600, 600, 600,   0, 600, 600,
+     600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,   0, 600,
+       0, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600, 600,
+     600,   0, 600, 600,   0, 600, 600, 600,
+     600,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 600,   0, 600,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+     600, 600, 600, 600,   0,   0,   0,   0,
+       0, 600,   0,   0,   0, 600,   0,   0,
+     600, 600, 600, 600,   0,   0,   0,   0
+  );
+}