path: root/SRC/slaein.f

*> \brief \b SLAEIN computes a specified right or left eigenvector of an upper Hessenberg matrix by inverse iteration.
*
*  =========== DOCUMENTATION ===========
*
* Online html documentation available at 
*            http://www.netlib.org/lapack/explore-html/ 
*
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*
*  Definition:
*  ===========
*
*       SUBROUTINE SLAEIN( RIGHTV, NOINIT, N, H, LDH, WR, WI, VR, VI, B,
*                          LDB, WORK, EPS3, SMLNUM, BIGNUM, INFO )
* 
*       .. Scalar Arguments ..
*       LOGICAL            NOINIT, RIGHTV
*       INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDH, N
*       REAL               BIGNUM, EPS3, SMLNUM, WI, WR
*       ..
*       .. Array Arguments ..
*       REAL               B( LDB, * ), H( LDH, * ), VI( * ), VR( * ),
*      $                   WORK( * )
*       ..
*  
*
*> \par Purpose:
*  =============
*>
*> \verbatim
*>
*> SLAEIN uses inverse iteration to find a right or left eigenvector
*> corresponding to the eigenvalue (WR,WI) of a real upper Hessenberg
*> matrix H.
*> \endverbatim
*
*  Arguments:
*  ==========
*
*> \param[in] RIGHTV
*> \verbatim
*>          RIGHTV is LOGICAL
*>          = .TRUE. : compute right eigenvector;
*>          = .FALSE.: compute left eigenvector.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] NOINIT
*> \verbatim
*>          NOINIT is LOGICAL
*>          = .TRUE. : no initial vector supplied in (VR,VI).
*>          = .FALSE.: initial vector supplied in (VR,VI).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] N
*> \verbatim
*>          N is INTEGER
*>          The order of the matrix H.  N >= 0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] H
*> \verbatim
*>          H is REAL array, dimension (LDH,N)
*>          The upper Hessenberg matrix H.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDH
*> \verbatim
*>          LDH is INTEGER
*>          The leading dimension of the array H.  LDH >= max(1,N).
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] WR
*> \verbatim
*>          WR is REAL
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] WI
*> \verbatim
*>          WI is REAL
*>          The real and imaginary parts of the eigenvalue of H whose
*>          corresponding right or left eigenvector is to be computed.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] VR
*> \verbatim
*>          VR is REAL array, dimension (N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in,out] VI
*> \verbatim
*>          VI is REAL array, dimension (N)
*>          On entry, if NOINIT = .FALSE. and WI = 0.0, VR must contain
*>          a real starting vector for inverse iteration using the real
*>          eigenvalue WR; if NOINIT = .FALSE. and WI.ne.0.0, VR and VI
*>          must contain the real and imaginary parts of a complex
*>          starting vector for inverse iteration using the complex
*>          eigenvalue (WR,WI); otherwise VR and VI need not be set.
*>          On exit, if WI = 0.0 (real eigenvalue), VR contains the
*>          computed real eigenvector; if WI.ne.0.0 (complex eigenvalue),
*>          VR and VI contain the real and imaginary parts of the
*>          computed complex eigenvector. The eigenvector is normalized
*>          so that the component of largest magnitude has magnitude 1;
*>          here the magnitude of a complex number (x,y) is taken to be
*>          |x| + |y|.
*>          VI is not referenced if WI = 0.0.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] B
*> \verbatim
*>          B is REAL array, dimension (LDB,N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] LDB
*> \verbatim
*>          LDB is INTEGER
*>          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= N+1.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] WORK
*> \verbatim
*>          WORK is REAL array, dimension (N)
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] EPS3
*> \verbatim
*>          EPS3 is REAL
*>          A small machine-dependent value which is used to perturb
*>          close eigenvalues, and to replace zero pivots.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] SMLNUM
*> \verbatim
*>          SMLNUM is REAL
*>          A machine-dependent value close to the underflow threshold.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[in] BIGNUM
*> \verbatim
*>          BIGNUM is REAL
*>          A machine-dependent value close to the overflow threshold.
*> \endverbatim
*>
*> \param[out] INFO
*> \verbatim
*>          INFO is INTEGER
*>          = 0:  successful exit
*>          = 1:  inverse iteration did not converge; VR is set to the
*>                last iterate, and so is VI if WI.ne.0.0.
*> \endverbatim
*
*  Authors:
*  ========
*
*> \author Univ. of Tennessee 
*> \author Univ. of California Berkeley 
*> \author Univ. of Colorado Denver 
*> \author NAG Ltd. 
*
*> \date September 2012
*
*> \ingroup realOTHERauxiliary
*
*  =====================================================================
      SUBROUTINE SLAEIN( RIGHTV, NOINIT, N, H, LDH, WR, WI, VR, VI, B,
     $                   LDB, WORK, EPS3, SMLNUM, BIGNUM, INFO )
*
*  -- LAPACK auxiliary routine (version 3.4.2) --
*  -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee,    --
*  -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..--
*     September 2012
*
*     .. Scalar Arguments ..
      LOGICAL            NOINIT, RIGHTV
      INTEGER            INFO, LDB, LDH, N
      REAL               BIGNUM, EPS3, SMLNUM, WI, WR
*     ..
*     .. Array Arguments ..
      REAL               B( LDB, * ), H( LDH, * ), VI( * ), VR( * ),
     $                   WORK( * )
*     ..
*
*  =====================================================================
*
*     .. Parameters ..
      REAL               ZERO, ONE, TENTH
      PARAMETER          ( ZERO = 0.0E+0, ONE = 1.0E+0, TENTH = 1.0E-1 )
*     ..
*     .. Local Scalars ..
      CHARACTER          NORMIN, TRANS
      INTEGER            I, I1, I2, I3, IERR, ITS, J
      REAL               ABSBII, ABSBJJ, EI, EJ, GROWTO, NORM, NRMSML,
     $                   REC, ROOTN, SCALE, TEMP, VCRIT, VMAX, VNORM, W,
     $                   W1, X, XI, XR, Y
*     ..
*     .. External Functions ..
      INTEGER            ISAMAX
      REAL               SASUM, SLAPY2, SNRM2
      EXTERNAL           ISAMAX, SASUM, SLAPY2, SNRM2
*     ..
*     .. External Subroutines ..
      EXTERNAL           SLADIV, SLATRS, SSCAL
*     ..
*     .. Intrinsic Functions ..
      INTRINSIC          ABS, MAX, REAL, SQRT
*     ..
*     .. Executable Statements ..
*
      INFO = 0
*
*     GROWTO is the threshold used in the acceptance test for an
*     eigenvector.
*
      ROOTN = SQRT( REAL( N ) )
      GROWTO = TENTH / ROOTN
      NRMSML = MAX( ONE, EPS3*ROOTN )*SMLNUM
*
*     Form B = H - (WR,WI)*I (except that the subdiagonal elements and
*     the imaginary parts of the diagonal elements are not stored).
*
      DO 20 J = 1, N
         DO 10 I = 1, J - 1
            B( I, J ) = H( I, J )
   10    CONTINUE
         B( J, J ) = H( J, J ) - WR
   20 CONTINUE
*
      IF( WI.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
*
*        Real eigenvalue.
*
         IF( NOINIT ) THEN
*
*           Set initial vector.
*
            DO 30 I = 1, N
               VR( I ) = EPS3
   30       CONTINUE
         ELSE
*
*           Scale supplied initial vector.
*
            VNORM = SNRM2( N, VR, 1 )
            CALL SSCAL( N, ( EPS3*ROOTN ) / MAX( VNORM, NRMSML ), VR,
     $                  1 )
         END IF
*
         IF( RIGHTV ) THEN
*
*           LU decomposition with partial pivoting of B, replacing zero
*           pivots by EPS3.
*
            DO 60 I = 1, N - 1
               EI = H( I+1, I )
               IF( ABS( B( I, I ) ).LT.ABS( EI ) ) THEN
*
*                 Interchange rows and eliminate.
*
                  X = B( I, I ) / EI
                  B( I, I ) = EI
                  DO 40 J = I + 1, N
                     TEMP = B( I+1, J )
                     B( I+1, J ) = B( I, J ) - X*TEMP
                     B( I, J ) = TEMP
   40             CONTINUE
               ELSE
*
*                 Eliminate without interchange.
*
                  IF( B( I, I ).EQ.ZERO )
     $               B( I, I ) = EPS3
                  X = EI / B( I, I )
                  IF( X.NE.ZERO ) THEN
                     DO 50 J = I + 1, N
                        B( I+1, J ) = B( I+1, J ) - X*B( I, J )
   50                CONTINUE
                  END IF
               END IF
   60       CONTINUE
            IF( B( N, N ).EQ.ZERO )
     $         B( N, N ) = EPS3
*
            TRANS = 'N'
*
         ELSE
*
*           UL decomposition with partial pivoting of B, replacing zero
*           pivots by EPS3.
*
            DO 90 J = N, 2, -1
               EJ = H( J, J-1 )
               IF( ABS( B( J, J ) ).LT.ABS( EJ ) ) THEN
*
*                 Interchange columns and eliminate.
*
                  X = B( J, J ) / EJ
                  B( J, J ) = EJ
                  DO 70 I = 1, J - 1
                     TEMP = B( I, J-1 )
                     B( I, J-1 ) = B( I, J ) - X*TEMP
                     B( I, J ) = TEMP
   70             CONTINUE
               ELSE
*
*                 Eliminate without interchange.
*
                  IF( B( J, J ).EQ.ZERO )
     $               B( J, J ) = EPS3
                  X = EJ / B( J, J )
                  IF( X.NE.ZERO ) THEN
                     DO 80 I = 1, J - 1
                        B( I, J-1 ) = B( I, J-1 ) - X*B( I, J )
   80                CONTINUE
                  END IF
               END IF
   90       CONTINUE
            IF( B( 1, 1 ).EQ.ZERO )
     $         B( 1, 1 ) = EPS3
*
            TRANS = 'T'
*
         END IF
*
         NORMIN = 'N'
         DO 110 ITS = 1, N
*
*           Solve U*x = scale*v for a right eigenvector
*             or U**T*x = scale*v for a left eigenvector,
*           overwriting x on v.
*
            CALL SLATRS( 'Upper', TRANS, 'Nonunit', NORMIN, N, B, LDB,
     $                   VR, SCALE, WORK, IERR )
            NORMIN = 'Y'
*
*           Test for sufficient growth in the norm of v.
*
            VNORM = SASUM( N, VR, 1 )
            IF( VNORM.GE.GROWTO*SCALE )
     $         GO TO 120
*
*           Choose new orthogonal starting vector and try again.
*
            TEMP = EPS3 / ( ROOTN+ONE )
            VR( 1 ) = EPS3
            DO 100 I = 2, N
               VR( I ) = TEMP
  100       CONTINUE
            VR( N-ITS+1 ) = VR( N-ITS+1 ) - EPS3*ROOTN
  110    CONTINUE
*
*        Failure to find eigenvector in N iterations.
*
         INFO = 1
*
  120    CONTINUE
*
*        Normalize eigenvector.
*
         I = ISAMAX( N, VR, 1 )
         CALL SSCAL( N, ONE / ABS( VR( I ) ), VR, 1 )
      ELSE
*
*        Complex eigenvalue.
*
         IF( NOINIT ) THEN
*
*           Set initial vector.
*
            DO 130 I = 1, N
               VR( I ) = EPS3
               VI( I ) = ZERO
  130       CONTINUE
         ELSE
*
*           Scale supplied initial vector.
*
            NORM = SLAPY2( SNRM2( N, VR, 1 ), SNRM2( N, VI, 1 ) )
            REC = ( EPS3*ROOTN ) / MAX( NORM, NRMSML )
            CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VR, 1 )
            CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VI, 1 )
         END IF
*
         IF( RIGHTV ) THEN
*
*           LU decomposition with partial pivoting of B, replacing zero
*           pivots by EPS3.
*
*           The imaginary part of the (i,j)-th element of U is stored in
*           B(j+1,i).
*
            B( 2, 1 ) = -WI
            DO 140 I = 2, N
               B( I+1, 1 ) = ZERO
  140       CONTINUE
*
            DO 170 I = 1, N - 1
               ABSBII = SLAPY2( B( I, I ), B( I+1, I ) )
               EI = H( I+1, I )
               IF( ABSBII.LT.ABS( EI ) ) THEN
*
*                 Interchange rows and eliminate.
*
                  XR = B( I, I ) / EI
                  XI = B( I+1, I ) / EI
                  B( I, I ) = EI
                  B( I+1, I ) = ZERO
                  DO 150 J = I + 1, N
                     TEMP = B( I+1, J )
                     B( I+1, J ) = B( I, J ) - XR*TEMP
                     B( J+1, I+1 ) = B( J+1, I ) - XI*TEMP
                     B( I, J ) = TEMP
                     B( J+1, I ) = ZERO
  150             CONTINUE
                  B( I+2, I ) = -WI
                  B( I+1, I+1 ) = B( I+1, I+1 ) - XI*WI
                  B( I+2, I+1 ) = B( I+2, I+1 ) + XR*WI
               ELSE
*
*                 Eliminate without interchanging rows.
*
                  IF( ABSBII.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
                     B( I, I ) = EPS3
                     B( I+1, I ) = ZERO
                     ABSBII = EPS3
                  END IF
                  EI = ( EI / ABSBII ) / ABSBII
                  XR = B( I, I )*EI
                  XI = -B( I+1, I )*EI
                  DO 160 J = I + 1, N
                     B( I+1, J ) = B( I+1, J ) - XR*B( I, J ) +
     $                             XI*B( J+1, I )
                     B( J+1, I+1 ) = -XR*B( J+1, I ) - XI*B( I, J )
  160             CONTINUE
                  B( I+2, I+1 ) = B( I+2, I+1 ) - WI
               END IF
*
*              Compute 1-norm of offdiagonal elements of i-th row.
*
               WORK( I ) = SASUM( N-I, B( I, I+1 ), LDB ) +
     $                     SASUM( N-I, B( I+2, I ), 1 )
  170       CONTINUE
            IF( B( N, N ).EQ.ZERO .AND. B( N+1, N ).EQ.ZERO )
     $         B( N, N ) = EPS3
            WORK( N ) = ZERO
*
            I1 = N
            I2 = 1
            I3 = -1
         ELSE
*
*           UL decomposition with partial pivoting of conjg(B),
*           replacing zero pivots by EPS3.
*
*           The imaginary part of the (i,j)-th element of U is stored in
*           B(j+1,i).
*
            B( N+1, N ) = WI
            DO 180 J = 1, N - 1
               B( N+1, J ) = ZERO
  180       CONTINUE
*
            DO 210 J = N, 2, -1
               EJ = H( J, J-1 )
               ABSBJJ = SLAPY2( B( J, J ), B( J+1, J ) )
               IF( ABSBJJ.LT.ABS( EJ ) ) THEN
*
*                 Interchange columns and eliminate
*
                  XR = B( J, J ) / EJ
                  XI = B( J+1, J ) / EJ
                  B( J, J ) = EJ
                  B( J+1, J ) = ZERO
                  DO 190 I = 1, J - 1
                     TEMP = B( I, J-1 )
                     B( I, J-1 ) = B( I, J ) - XR*TEMP
                     B( J, I ) = B( J+1, I ) - XI*TEMP
                     B( I, J ) = TEMP
                     B( J+1, I ) = ZERO
  190             CONTINUE
                  B( J+1, J-1 ) = WI
                  B( J-1, J-1 ) = B( J-1, J-1 ) + XI*WI
                  B( J, J-1 ) = B( J, J-1 ) - XR*WI
               ELSE
*
*                 Eliminate without interchange.
*
                  IF( ABSBJJ.EQ.ZERO ) THEN
                     B( J, J ) = EPS3
                     B( J+1, J ) = ZERO
                     ABSBJJ = EPS3
                  END IF
                  EJ = ( EJ / ABSBJJ ) / ABSBJJ
                  XR = B( J, J )*EJ
                  XI = -B( J+1, J )*EJ
                  DO 200 I = 1, J - 1
                     B( I, J-1 ) = B( I, J-1 ) - XR*B( I, J ) +
     $                             XI*B( J+1, I )
                     B( J, I ) = -XR*B( J+1, I ) - XI*B( I, J )
  200             CONTINUE
                  B( J, J-1 ) = B( J, J-1 ) + WI
               END IF
*
*              Compute 1-norm of offdiagonal elements of j-th column.
*
               WORK( J ) = SASUM( J-1, B( 1, J ), 1 ) +
     $                     SASUM( J-1, B( J+1, 1 ), LDB )
  210       CONTINUE
            IF( B( 1, 1 ).EQ.ZERO .AND. B( 2, 1 ).EQ.ZERO )
     $         B( 1, 1 ) = EPS3
            WORK( 1 ) = ZERO
*
            I1 = 1
            I2 = N
            I3 = 1
         END IF
*
         DO 270 ITS = 1, N
            SCALE = ONE
            VMAX = ONE
            VCRIT = BIGNUM
*
*           Solve U*(xr,xi) = scale*(vr,vi) for a right eigenvector,
*             or U**T*(xr,xi) = scale*(vr,vi) for a left eigenvector,
*           overwriting (xr,xi) on (vr,vi).
*
            DO 250 I = I1, I2, I3
*
               IF( WORK( I ).GT.VCRIT ) THEN
                  REC = ONE / VMAX
                  CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VR, 1 )
                  CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VI, 1 )
                  SCALE = SCALE*REC
                  VMAX = ONE
                  VCRIT = BIGNUM
               END IF
*
               XR = VR( I )
               XI = VI( I )
               IF( RIGHTV ) THEN
                  DO 220 J = I + 1, N
                     XR = XR - B( I, J )*VR( J ) + B( J+1, I )*VI( J )
                     XI = XI - B( I, J )*VI( J ) - B( J+1, I )*VR( J )
  220             CONTINUE
               ELSE
                  DO 230 J = 1, I - 1
                     XR = XR - B( J, I )*VR( J ) + B( I+1, J )*VI( J )
                     XI = XI - B( J, I )*VI( J ) - B( I+1, J )*VR( J )
  230             CONTINUE
               END IF
*
               W = ABS( B( I, I ) ) + ABS( B( I+1, I ) )
               IF( W.GT.SMLNUM ) THEN
                  IF( W.LT.ONE ) THEN
                     W1 = ABS( XR ) + ABS( XI )
                     IF( W1.GT.W*BIGNUM ) THEN
                        REC = ONE / W1
                        CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VR, 1 )
                        CALL SSCAL( N, REC, VI, 1 )
                        XR = VR( I )
                        XI = VI( I )
                        SCALE = SCALE*REC
                        VMAX = VMAX*REC
                     END IF
                  END IF
*
*                 Divide by diagonal element of B.
*
                  CALL SLADIV( XR, XI, B( I, I ), B( I+1, I ), VR( I ),
     $                         VI( I ) )
                  VMAX = MAX( ABS( VR( I ) )+ABS( VI( I ) ), VMAX )
                  VCRIT = BIGNUM / VMAX
               ELSE
                  DO 240 J = 1, N
                     VR( J ) = ZERO
                     VI( J ) = ZERO
  240             CONTINUE
                  VR( I ) = ONE
                  VI( I ) = ONE
                  SCALE = ZERO
                  VMAX = ONE
                  VCRIT = BIGNUM
               END IF
  250       CONTINUE
*
*           Test for sufficient growth in the norm of (VR,VI).
*
            VNORM = SASUM( N, VR, 1 ) + SASUM( N, VI, 1 )
            IF( VNORM.GE.GROWTO*SCALE )
     $         GO TO 280
*
*           Choose a new orthogonal starting vector and try again.
*
            Y = EPS3 / ( ROOTN+ONE )
            VR( 1 ) = EPS3
            VI( 1 ) = ZERO
*
            DO 260 I = 2, N
               VR( I ) = Y
               VI( I ) = ZERO
  260       CONTINUE
            VR( N-ITS+1 ) = VR( N-ITS+1 ) - EPS3*ROOTN
  270    CONTINUE
*
*        Failure to find eigenvector in N iterations
*
         INFO = 1
*
  280    CONTINUE
*
*        Normalize eigenvector.
*
         VNORM = ZERO
         DO 290 I = 1, N
            VNORM = MAX( VNORM, ABS( VR( I ) )+ABS( VI( I ) ) )
  290    CONTINUE
         CALL SSCAL( N, ONE / VNORM, VR, 1 )
         CALL SSCAL( N, ONE / VNORM, VI, 1 )
*
      END IF
*
      RETURN
*
*     End of SLAEIN
*
      END