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+/* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
+ * Copyright by The HDF Group. *
+ * All rights reserved. *
+ * *
+ * This file is part of HDF5. The full HDF5 copyright notice, including *
+ * terms governing use, modification, and redistribution, is contained in *
+ * the COPYING file, which can be found at the root of the source code *
+ * distribution tree, or in https://support.hdfgroup.org/ftp/HDF5/releases. *
+ * If you do not have access to either file, you may request a copy from *
+ * help@hdfgroup.org. *
+ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * */
+
+/*
+ * Serial HDF5 Performance Testing Code
+ * --------------------------------------
+ *
+ * Portable code to test performance on the different platforms we support.
+ * This is what the report should look like:
+ *
+ * nprocs = Max#Procs
+ * IO API = POSIXIO
+ * # Files = 1, # of dsets = 1000, Elements per dset = 37000
+ * Write Results = x MB/s
+ * Read Results = x MB/s
+ * # Files = 1, # of dsets = 3000, Elements per dset = 37000
+ * Write Results = x MB/s
+ * Read Results = x MB/s
+ *
+ * . . .
+ *
+ *
+ * IO API = HDF5
+ * # Files = 1, # of dsets = 1000, Elements per dset = 37000
+ * Write Results = x MB/s
+ * Read Results = x MB/s
+ * # Files = 1, # of dsets = 3000, Elements per dset = 37000
+ * Write Results = x MB/s
+ * Read Results = x MB/s
+ *
+ * . . .
+ *
+ *
+ * . . .
+ *
+ */
+
+/* system header files */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "hdf5.h"
+
+
+/* our header files */
+#include "sio_perf.h"
+
+/* useful macros */
+#define TAB_SPACE 4
+
+#define ONE_KB 1024
+#define ONE_MB (ONE_KB * ONE_KB)
+#define ONE_GB (ONE_MB * ONE_KB)
+
+#define SIO_POSIX 0x1
+#define SIO_HDF5 0x4
+
+/* report 0.0 in case t is zero too */
+#define MB_PER_SEC(bytes,t) (H5_DBL_ABS_EQUAL(t, (double)0.0F) ? (double)0.0F : ((((double)bytes) / (double)ONE_MB) / (t)))
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+#define TRUE 1
+#endif /* TRUE */
+#ifndef FALSE
+#define FALSE (!TRUE)
+#endif /* FALSE */
+
+/* global variables */
+FILE *output; /* output file */
+int sio_debug_level = 0;/* The debug level:
+ * 0 - Off
+ * 1 - Minimal
+ * 2 - Some more
+ * 3 - Maximal
+ * 4 - Maximal & then some
+ */
+
+/* local variables */
+static const char *progname = "h5perf_serial";
+
+/*
+ * Command-line options: The user can specify short or long-named
+ * parameters. The long-named ones can be partially spelled. When
+ * adding more, make sure that they don't clash with each other.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * It seems that only the options that accept additional information
+ * such as dataset size (-e) require the colon next to it.
+ */
+static const char *s_opts = "a:A:B:b:c:Cd:D:e:F:G:ghi:Imno:p:P:r:stT:v:wx:X:";
+static struct long_options l_opts[] = {
+ { "align", require_arg, 'a' },
+ { "alig", require_arg, 'a' },
+ { "ali", require_arg, 'a' },
+ { "al", require_arg, 'a' },
+ { "api", require_arg, 'A' },
+ { "ap", require_arg, 'A' },
+#if 0
+ /* a sighting of the elusive binary option */
+ { "binary", no_arg, 'b' },
+ { "binar", no_arg, 'b' },
+ { "bina", no_arg, 'b' },
+ { "bin", no_arg, 'b' },
+ { "bi", no_arg, 'b' },
+#endif /* 0 */
+ { "block-size", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "block-siz", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "block-si", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "block-s", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "block-", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "block", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "bloc", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "blo", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "bl", require_arg, 'B' },
+ { "chunk", no_arg, 'c' },
+ { "chun", no_arg, 'c' },
+ { "chu", no_arg, 'c' },
+ { "ch", no_arg, 'c' },
+ { "collective", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "collectiv", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "collecti", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "collect", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "collec", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "colle", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "coll", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "col", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "co", no_arg, 'C' },
+ { "debug", require_arg, 'D' },
+ { "debu", require_arg, 'D' },
+ { "deb", require_arg, 'D' },
+ { "de", require_arg, 'D' },
+ { "file-driver", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-drive", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-driv", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-dri", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-dr", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-d", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file-", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "file", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "fil", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "fi", require_arg, 'v' },
+ { "geometry", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "geometr", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "geomet", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "geome", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "geom", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "geo", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "ge", no_arg, 'g' },
+ { "help", no_arg, 'h' },
+ { "hel", no_arg, 'h' },
+ { "he", no_arg, 'h' },
+ { "interleaved", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "interleave", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "interleav", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "interlea", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "interle", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "interl", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "inter", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "inte", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "int", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "in", require_arg, 'I' },
+ { "max-num-processes", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-processe", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-process", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-proces", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-proce", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-proc", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-pro", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-pr", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "max-num-p", require_arg, 'P' },
+ { "min-num-processes", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-processe", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-process", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-proces", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-proce", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-proc", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-pro", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-pr", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "min-num-p", require_arg, 'p' },
+ { "max-xfer-size", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xfer-siz", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xfer-si", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xfer-s", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xfer", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xfe", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-xf", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "max-x", require_arg, 'X' },
+ { "min-xfer-size", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xfer-siz", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xfer-si", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xfer-s", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xfer", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xfe", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-xf", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "min-x", require_arg, 'x' },
+ { "num-bytes", require_arg, 'e' },
+ { "num-byte", require_arg, 'e' },
+ { "num-byt", require_arg, 'e' },
+ { "num-by", require_arg, 'e' },
+ { "num-b", require_arg, 'e' },
+ { "num-dsets", require_arg, 'd' },
+ { "num-dset", require_arg, 'd' },
+ { "num-dse", require_arg, 'd' },
+ { "num-ds", require_arg, 'd' },
+ { "num-d", require_arg, 'd' },
+ { "num-files", require_arg, 'F' },
+ { "num-file", require_arg, 'F' },
+ { "num-fil", require_arg, 'F' },
+ { "num-fi", require_arg, 'F' },
+ { "num-f", require_arg, 'F' },
+ { "num-iterations", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-iteration", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-iteratio", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-iterati", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-iterat", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-itera", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-iter", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-ite", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-it", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "num-i", require_arg, 'i' },
+ { "order", require_arg, 'r' },
+ { "orde", require_arg, 'r' },
+ { "ord", require_arg, 'r' },
+ { "or", require_arg, 'r' },
+ { "output", require_arg, 'o' },
+ { "outpu", require_arg, 'o' },
+ { "outp", require_arg, 'o' },
+ { "out", require_arg, 'o' },
+ { "ou", require_arg, 'o' },
+ { "extendable", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "extendabl", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "extendab", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "extenda", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "extend", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "exten", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "exte", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "ext", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "ex", no_arg, 't' },
+ { "threshold", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "threshol", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "thresho", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "thresh", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "thres", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "thre", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "thr", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "th", require_arg, 'T' },
+ { "write-only", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "write-onl", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "write-on", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "write-o", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "write", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "writ", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "wri", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { "wr", require_arg, 'w' },
+ { NULL, 0, '\0' }
+};
+
+struct options {
+ long io_types; /* bitmask of which I/O types to test */
+ const char *output_file; /* file to print report to */
+ long num_dsets; /* number of datasets */
+ long num_files; /* number of files */
+ off_t num_bpp; /* number of bytes per proc per dset */
+ int num_iters; /* number of iterations */
+ hsize_t dset_size[MAX_DIMS]; /* Dataset size */
+ size_t buf_size[MAX_DIMS]; /* Buffer size */
+ size_t chk_size[MAX_DIMS]; /* Chunk size */
+ int order[MAX_DIMS]; /* Dimension access order */
+ int dset_rank; /* Rank */
+ int buf_rank; /* Rank */
+ int order_rank; /* Rank */
+ int chk_rank; /* Rank */
+ int print_times; /* print times as well as throughputs */
+ int print_raw; /* print raw data throughput info */
+ hsize_t h5_alignment; /* alignment in HDF5 file */
+ hsize_t h5_threshold; /* threshold for alignment in HDF5 file */
+ int h5_use_chunks; /* Make HDF5 dataset chunked */
+ int h5_write_only; /* Perform the write tests only */
+ int h5_extendable; /* Perform the write tests only */
+ int verify; /* Verify data correctness */
+ vfdtype vfd; /* File driver */
+ size_t page_buffer_size;
+ size_t page_size;
+};
+
+typedef struct _minmax {
+ double min;
+ double max;
+ double sum;
+ int num;
+} minmax;
+
+/* local functions */
+static hsize_t parse_size_directive(const char *size);
+static struct options *parse_command_line(int argc, char *argv[]);
+static void run_test_loop(struct options *options);
+static int run_test(iotype iot, parameters parms, struct options *opts);
+static void output_all_info(minmax *mm, int count, int indent_level);
+static void get_minmax(minmax *mm, double val);
+static void accumulate_minmax_stuff(const minmax *mm, int count, minmax *total_mm);
+static void output_results(const struct options *options, const char *name,
+ minmax *table, int table_size, off_t data_size);
+static void output_report(const char *fmt, ...);
+static void print_indent(register int indent);
+static void usage(const char *prog);
+static void report_parameters(struct options *opts);
+
+/*
+ * Function: main
+ * Purpose: Start things up.
+ * Return: EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 30. October 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+int
+main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ int exit_value = EXIT_SUCCESS;
+ struct options *opts = NULL;
+
+#ifndef STANDALONE
+ /* Initialize h5tools lib */
+ h5tools_init();
+#endif
+
+ output = stdout;
+
+ opts = parse_command_line(argc, argv);
+
+ if (!opts) {
+ exit_value = EXIT_FAILURE;
+ goto finish;
+ }
+
+ if (opts->output_file) {
+ if ((output = HDfopen(opts->output_file, "w")) == NULL) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "%s: cannot open output file\n", progname);
+ perror(opts->output_file);
+ goto finish;
+ }
+ }
+
+ report_parameters(opts);
+
+ run_test_loop(opts);
+
+finish:
+ free(opts);
+ return exit_value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: run_test_loop
+ * Purpose: Run the I/O tests. Write the results to OUTPUT.
+ *
+ * - The slowest changing part of the test is the number of
+ * processors to use. For each loop iteration, we divide that
+ * number by 2 and rerun the test.
+ *
+ * - The second slowest is what type of IO API to perform. We have
+ * three choices: POSIXIO, and HDF5.
+ *
+ * - Then we change the size of the buffer. This information is
+ * inferred from the number of datasets to create and the number
+ * of integers to put into each dataset. The backend code figures
+ * this out.
+ *
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 30. October 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ * Added multidimensional testing (Christian Chilan, April, 2008)
+ */
+static void
+run_test_loop(struct options *opts)
+{
+ parameters parms;
+ int i;
+ size_t buf_bytes;
+
+ /* load options into parameter structure */
+ parms.num_files = opts->num_files;
+ parms.num_dsets = opts->num_dsets;
+ parms.num_iters = opts->num_iters;
+ parms.rank = opts->dset_rank;
+ parms.h5_align = opts->h5_alignment;
+ parms.h5_thresh = opts->h5_threshold;
+ parms.h5_use_chunks = opts->h5_use_chunks;
+ parms.h5_extendable = opts->h5_extendable;
+ parms.h5_write_only = opts->h5_write_only;
+ parms.verify = opts->verify;
+ parms.vfd = opts->vfd;
+ parms.page_buffer_size = opts->page_buffer_size;
+ parms.page_size = opts->page_size;
+
+ /* load multidimensional options */
+ parms.num_bytes = 1;
+ buf_bytes = 1;
+ for (i=0; i<parms.rank; i++){
+ parms.buf_size[i] = opts->buf_size[i];
+ parms.dset_size[i] = opts->dset_size[i];
+ parms.chk_size[i] = opts->chk_size[i];
+ parms.order[i] = opts->order[i];
+ parms.num_bytes *= opts->dset_size[i];
+ buf_bytes *= opts->buf_size[i];
+ }
+
+ /* print size information */
+ output_report("Transfer Buffer Size (bytes): %d\n", buf_bytes);
+ output_report("File Size(MB): %.2f\n",((double)parms.num_bytes) / ONE_MB);
+
+ print_indent(0);
+ if (opts->io_types & SIO_POSIX)
+ run_test(POSIXIO, parms, opts);
+
+ print_indent(0);
+ if (opts->io_types & SIO_HDF5)
+ run_test(HDF5, parms, opts);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: run_test
+ * Purpose: Inner loop call to actually run the I/O test.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 18. December 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static int
+run_test(iotype iot, parameters parms, struct options *opts)
+{
+ results res;
+ register int i, ret_value = SUCCESS;
+ off_t raw_size;
+ minmax *write_sys_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *write_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *write_gross_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *write_raw_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *read_sys_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *read_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *read_gross_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax *read_raw_mm_table=NULL;
+ minmax write_sys_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax write_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax write_gross_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax write_raw_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax read_sys_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax read_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax read_gross_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+ minmax read_raw_mm = {0.0F, 0.0F, 0.0F, 0};
+
+ raw_size = (off_t)parms.num_bytes;
+ parms.io_type = iot;
+ print_indent(2);
+ output_report("IO API = ");
+
+ switch (iot) {
+ case POSIXIO:
+ output_report("POSIX\n");
+ break;
+ case HDF5:
+ output_report("HDF5\n");
+ break;
+ default:
+ /* unknown request */
+ HDfprintf(stderr, "Unknown IO type request (%d)\n", (int)iot);
+ HDassert(0 && "Unknown IO tpe");
+ break;
+ }
+
+ /* allocate space for tables minmax and that it is sufficient */
+ /* to initialize all elements to zeros by calloc. */
+ write_sys_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ write_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ write_gross_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ write_raw_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+
+ if (!parms.h5_write_only) {
+ read_sys_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ read_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ read_gross_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ read_raw_mm_table = (minmax *)calloc((size_t)parms.num_iters , sizeof(minmax));
+ }
+
+ /* Do IO iteration times, collecting statistics each time */
+ for (i = 0; i < parms.num_iters; ++i) {
+ double t;
+
+ do_sio(parms, &res);
+
+ /* gather all of the "sys write" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_MPI_WRITE);
+ get_minmax(&write_sys_mm, t);
+
+ write_sys_mm_table[i] = write_sys_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the "write" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_FINE_WRITE_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&write_mm, t);
+
+ write_mm_table[i] = write_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the "write" times from open to close */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_GROSS_WRITE_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&write_gross_mm, t);
+
+ write_gross_mm_table[i] = write_gross_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the raw "write" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_RAW_WRITE_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&write_raw_mm, t);
+
+ write_raw_mm_table[i] = write_raw_mm;
+
+ if (!parms.h5_write_only) {
+ /* gather all of the "mpi read" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_MPI_READ);
+ get_minmax(&read_sys_mm, t);
+
+ read_sys_mm_table[i] = read_sys_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the "read" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_FINE_READ_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&read_mm, t);
+
+ read_mm_table[i] = read_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the "read" times from open to close */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_GROSS_READ_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&read_gross_mm, t);
+
+ read_gross_mm_table[i] = read_gross_mm;
+
+ /* gather all of the raw "read" times */
+ t = get_time(res.timers, HDF5_RAW_READ_FIXED_DIMS);
+ get_minmax(&read_raw_mm, t);
+
+ read_raw_mm_table[i] = read_gross_mm;
+ }
+ io_time_destroy(res.timers);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Show various statistics
+ */
+ /* Write statistics */
+ /* Print the raw data throughput if desired */
+ if (opts->print_raw) {
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "raw write" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Raw Data Write details:\n");
+ output_all_info(write_raw_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts,"Raw Data Write",write_raw_mm_table,parms.num_iters,raw_size);
+ } /* end if */
+
+ /* show sys write statics */
+#if 0
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("MPI Write details:\n");
+ output_all_info(write_sys_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+#endif
+ /* We don't currently output the MPI write results */
+
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "write" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Write details:\n");
+ output_all_info(write_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts,"Write",write_mm_table,parms.num_iters,raw_size);
+
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "gross write" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Write Open-Close details:\n");
+ output_all_info(write_gross_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts,"Write Open-Close",write_gross_mm_table,parms.num_iters,raw_size);
+
+ if (!parms.h5_write_only) {
+ /* Read statistics */
+ /* Print the raw data throughput if desired */
+ if (opts->print_raw) {
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "raw read" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Raw Data Read details:\n");
+ output_all_info(read_raw_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts, "Raw Data Read", read_raw_mm_table,
+ parms.num_iters, raw_size);
+ } /* end if */
+
+ /* show mpi read statics */
+#if 0
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("MPI Read details:\n");
+ output_all_info(read_sys_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+#endif
+ /* We don't currently output the MPI read results */
+
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "read" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Read details:\n");
+ output_all_info(read_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts, "Read", read_mm_table, parms.num_iters, raw_size);
+
+ /* accumulate and output the max, min, and average "gross read" times */
+ if (sio_debug_level >= 3) {
+ /* output all of the times for all iterations */
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("Read Open-Close details:\n");
+ output_all_info(read_gross_mm_table, parms.num_iters, 4);
+ }
+
+ output_results(opts, "Read Open-Close", read_gross_mm_table,
+ parms.num_iters, raw_size);
+ }
+
+ /* clean up our mess */
+ free(write_sys_mm_table);
+ free(write_mm_table);
+ free(write_gross_mm_table);
+ free(write_raw_mm_table);
+
+ if (!parms.h5_write_only) {
+ free(read_sys_mm_table);
+ free(read_mm_table);
+ free(read_gross_mm_table);
+ free(read_raw_mm_table);
+ }
+
+ return ret_value;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: output_all_info
+ * Purpose:
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 29. January 2002
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static void
+output_all_info(minmax *mm, int count, int indent_level)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+ print_indent(indent_level);
+ output_report("Iteration %d:\n", i + 1);
+ print_indent(indent_level + 1);
+ output_report("Minimum Time: %.2fs\n", mm[i].min);
+ print_indent(indent_level + 1);
+ output_report("Maximum Time: %.2fs\n", mm[i].max);
+ }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: get_minmax
+ * Purpose: Gather all the min, max and total of val.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 21. December 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ * Use MPI_Allreduce to do it. -akc, 2002/01/11
+ */
+
+static void
+get_minmax(minmax *mm, double val)
+{
+ mm->max = val;
+ mm->min = val;
+ mm->sum = val;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: accumulate_minmax_stuff
+ * Purpose: Accumulate the minimum, maximum, and average of the times
+ * across all processes.
+ * Return: TOTAL_MM - the total of all of these.
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 21. December 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ * Changed to use seconds instead of MB/s - QAK, 5/9/02
+ */
+static void
+accumulate_minmax_stuff(const minmax *mm, int count, minmax *total_mm)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ total_mm->sum = 0.0F;
+ total_mm->max = -DBL_MAX;
+ total_mm->min = DBL_MAX;
+ total_mm->num = count;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
+ double m = mm[i].max;
+
+ total_mm->sum += m;
+
+ if (m < total_mm->min)
+ total_mm->min = m;
+
+ if (m > total_mm->max)
+ total_mm->max = m;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Function: output_results
+ * Purpose: Print information about the time & bandwidth for a given
+ * minmax & # of iterations.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Quincey Koziol, 9. May 2002
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static void
+output_results(const struct options *opts, const char *name, minmax *table,
+ int table_size,off_t data_size)
+{
+ minmax total_mm;
+
+ accumulate_minmax_stuff(table, table_size, &total_mm);
+
+ print_indent(3);
+ output_report("%s (%d iteration(s)):\n", name,table_size);
+
+ /* Note: The maximum throughput uses the minimum amount of time & vice versa */
+
+ print_indent(4);
+ output_report("Maximum Throughput: %6.2f MB/s", MB_PER_SEC(data_size,total_mm.min));
+ if(opts->print_times)
+ output_report(" (%7.3f s)\n", total_mm.min);
+ else
+ output_report("\n");
+
+ print_indent(4);
+ output_report("Average Throughput: %6.2f MB/s",
+ MB_PER_SEC(data_size,total_mm.sum / total_mm.num));
+ if(opts->print_times)
+ output_report(" (%7.3f s)\n", (total_mm.sum / total_mm.num));
+ else
+ output_report("\n");
+
+ print_indent(4);
+ output_report("Minimum Throughput: %6.2f MB/s", MB_PER_SEC(data_size,total_mm.max));
+ if(opts->print_times)
+ output_report(" (%7.3f s)\n", total_mm.max);
+ else
+ output_report("\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: output_report
+ * Purpose: Print a line of the report. Only do so if I'm the 0 process.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 19. December 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static void
+output_report(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+ va_list ap;
+
+ va_start(ap, fmt);
+ vfprintf(output, fmt, ap);
+ va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: print_indent
+ * Purpose: Print spaces to indent a new line of text for pretty printing
+ * things.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 29. October 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static void
+print_indent(register int indent)
+{
+ indent *= TAB_SPACE;
+
+ for (; indent > 0; --indent)
+ fputc(' ', output);
+}
+
+static void
+recover_size_and_print(long long val, const char *end)
+{
+ if (val >= ONE_KB && (val % ONE_KB) == 0) {
+ if (val >= ONE_MB && (val % ONE_MB) == 0) {
+ if (val >= ONE_GB && (val % ONE_GB) == 0)
+ HDfprintf(output, "%" H5_PRINTF_LL_WIDTH "d""GB%s", val / ONE_GB, end);
+ else
+ HDfprintf(output, "%" H5_PRINTF_LL_WIDTH "d""MB%s", val / ONE_MB, end);
+ } else {
+ HDfprintf(output, "%" H5_PRINTF_LL_WIDTH "d""KB%s", val / ONE_KB, end);
+ }
+ } else {
+ HDfprintf(output, "%" H5_PRINTF_LL_WIDTH "d""%s", val, end);
+ }
+}
+
+static void
+print_io_api(long io_types)
+{
+ if (io_types & SIO_POSIX)
+ HDfprintf(output, "posix ");
+ if (io_types & SIO_HDF5)
+ HDfprintf(output, "hdf5 ");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+}
+
+static void
+report_parameters(struct options *opts)
+{
+ int i, rank;
+ rank = opts->dset_rank;
+
+ print_version("HDF5 Library"); /* print library version */
+ HDfprintf(output, "==== Parameters ====\n");
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "IO API=");
+ print_io_api(opts->io_types);
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Number of iterations=%d\n",
+ opts->num_iters);
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Dataset size=");
+
+ for (i=0; i<rank; i++)
+ recover_size_and_print((long long)opts->dset_size[i], " ");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Transfer buffer size=");
+ for (i=0; i<rank; i++)
+ recover_size_and_print((long long)opts->buf_size[i], " ");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+
+ if(opts->page_size) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "Page Aggregation Enabled. Page size = %ld\n", opts->page_size);
+ if(opts->page_buffer_size)
+ HDfprintf(output, "Page Buffering Enabled. Page Buffer size = %ld\n", opts->page_buffer_size);
+ else
+ HDfprintf(output, "Page Buffering Disabled\n");
+ }
+ else
+ HDfprintf(output, "Page Aggregation Disabled\n");
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Dimension access order=");
+ for (i=0; i<rank; i++)
+ recover_size_and_print((long long)opts->order[i], " ");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+
+ if (opts->io_types & SIO_HDF5) {
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "HDF5 data storage method=");
+
+ if (opts->h5_use_chunks){
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Chunked\n");
+ HDfprintf(output, "HDF5 chunk size=");
+ for (i=0; i<rank; i++)
+ recover_size_and_print((long long)opts->chk_size[i], " ");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "HDF5 dataset dimensions=");
+ if (opts->h5_extendable) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "Extendable\n");
+ }
+ else {
+ HDfprintf(output, "Fixed\n");
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ HDfprintf(output, "Contiguous\n");
+ }
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "HDF5 file driver=");
+ if (opts->vfd==sec2) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "sec2\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==stdio) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "stdio\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==core) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "core\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==split) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "split\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==multi) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "multi\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==family) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "family\n");
+ } else if (opts->vfd==direct) {
+ HDfprintf(output, "direct\n");
+ }
+ }
+
+ {
+ char *prefix = HDgetenv("HDF5_PREFIX");
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "Env HDF5_PREFIX=%s\n",
+ (prefix ? prefix : "not set"));
+ }
+
+ HDfprintf(output, "==== End of Parameters ====\n");
+ HDfprintf(output, "\n");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: parse_command_line
+ * Purpose: Parse the command line options and return a STRUCT OPTIONS
+ * structure which will need to be freed by the calling function.
+ * Return: Pointer to an OPTIONS structure
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 31. October 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ * Added multidimensional testing (Christian Chilan, April, 2008)
+ */
+static struct options *
+parse_command_line(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+ int opt;
+ struct options *cl_opts;
+ int i, default_rank, actual_rank, ranks[4];
+
+ cl_opts = (struct options *)HDmalloc(sizeof(struct options));
+
+ cl_opts->page_buffer_size = 0;
+ cl_opts->page_size = 0;
+
+ cl_opts->output_file = NULL;
+ cl_opts->io_types = 0; /* will set default after parsing options */
+ cl_opts->num_iters = 1;
+
+ default_rank = 2;
+
+ cl_opts->dset_rank = 0;
+ cl_opts->buf_rank = 0;
+ cl_opts->chk_rank = 0;
+ cl_opts->order_rank = 0;
+
+ for(i = 0; i < MAX_DIMS; i++) {
+ cl_opts->buf_size[i] = (size_t)((i + 1) * 10);
+ cl_opts->dset_size[i] = (hsize_t)((i + 1) * 100);
+ cl_opts->chk_size[i] = (size_t)((i + 1) * 10);
+ cl_opts->order[i] = i + 1;
+ }
+
+ cl_opts->vfd = sec2;
+
+ cl_opts->print_times = FALSE; /* Printing times is off by default */
+ cl_opts->print_raw = FALSE; /* Printing raw data throughput is off by default */
+ cl_opts->h5_alignment = 1; /* No alignment for HDF5 objects by default */
+ cl_opts->h5_threshold = 1; /* No threshold for aligning HDF5 objects by default */
+ cl_opts->h5_use_chunks = FALSE; /* Don't chunk the HDF5 dataset by default */
+ cl_opts->h5_write_only = FALSE; /* Do both read and write by default */
+ cl_opts->h5_extendable = FALSE; /* Use extendable dataset */
+ cl_opts->verify = FALSE; /* No Verify data correctness by default */
+
+ while ((opt = get_option(argc, (const char **)argv, s_opts, l_opts)) != EOF) {
+ switch ((char)opt) {
+ case 'a':
+ cl_opts->h5_alignment = parse_size_directive(opt_arg);
+ break;
+ case 'G':
+ cl_opts->page_size = parse_size_directive(opt_arg);
+ break;
+ case 'b':
+ cl_opts->page_buffer_size = parse_size_directive(opt_arg);
+ break;
+ case 'A':
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ if (!HDstrcasecmp(buf, "hdf5")) {
+ cl_opts->io_types |= SIO_HDF5;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(buf, "posix")) {
+ cl_opts->io_types |= SIO_POSIX;
+ } else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "sio_perf: invalid --api option %s\n",
+ buf);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ break;
+#if 0
+ case 'b':
+ /* the future "binary" option */
+ break;
+#endif /* 0 */
+ case 'c':
+ /* Turn on chunked HDF5 dataset creation */
+ cl_opts->h5_use_chunks = 1;
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+ int j = 0;
+
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ cl_opts->chk_size[j] = parse_size_directive(buf);
+
+ j++;
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+ cl_opts->chk_rank = j;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+
+ case 'D':
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ if (strlen(buf) > 1 || isdigit(buf[0])) {
+ size_t j;
+
+ for (j = 0; j < 10 && buf[j] != '\0'; ++j)
+ if (!isdigit(buf[j])) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "sio_perf: invalid --debug option %s\n",
+ buf);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+
+ sio_debug_level = atoi(buf);
+
+ if (sio_debug_level > 4)
+ sio_debug_level = 4;
+ else if (sio_debug_level < 0)
+ sio_debug_level = 0;
+ } else {
+ switch (*buf) {
+ case 'r':
+ /* Turn on raw data throughput info */
+ cl_opts->print_raw = TRUE;
+ break;
+ case 't':
+ /* Turn on time printing */
+ cl_opts->print_times = TRUE;
+ break;
+ case 'v':
+ /* Turn on verify data correctness*/
+ cl_opts->verify = TRUE;
+ break;
+ default:
+ fprintf(stderr, "sio_perf: invalid --debug option %s\n", buf);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ break;
+ case 'e':
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+ int j = 0;
+
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ cl_opts->dset_size[j] = parse_size_directive(buf);
+
+ j++;
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+ cl_opts->dset_rank = j;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'i':
+ cl_opts->num_iters = atoi(opt_arg);
+ break;
+ case 'o':
+ cl_opts->output_file = opt_arg;
+ break;
+ case 'T':
+ cl_opts->h5_threshold = parse_size_directive(opt_arg);
+ break;
+ case 'v':
+ if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "sec2")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=sec2;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "stdio")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=stdio;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "core")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=core;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "split")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=split;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "multi")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=multi;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "family")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=family;
+ } else if (!HDstrcasecmp(opt_arg, "direct")) {
+ cl_opts->vfd=direct;
+ } else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "sio_perf: invalid --api option %s\n",
+ opt_arg);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ break;
+ case 'w':
+ cl_opts->h5_write_only = TRUE;
+ break;
+ case 't':
+ cl_opts->h5_extendable = TRUE;
+ break;
+ case 'x':
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+ int j = 0;
+
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ cl_opts->buf_size[j] = parse_size_directive(buf);
+
+ j++;
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+ cl_opts->buf_rank = j;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'r':
+ {
+ const char *end = opt_arg;
+ int j = 0;
+
+ while (end && *end != '\0') {
+ char buf[10];
+
+ HDmemset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
+
+ for (i = 0; *end != '\0' && *end != ','; ++end)
+ if (isalnum(*end) && i < 10)
+ buf[i++] = *end;
+
+ cl_opts->order[j] = (int)parse_size_directive(buf);
+
+ j++;
+
+ if (*end == '\0')
+ break;
+
+ end++;
+ }
+
+ cl_opts->order_rank = j;
+ }
+
+ break;
+
+ case 'h':
+ case '?':
+ default:
+ usage(progname);
+ free(cl_opts);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* perform rank consistency analysis */
+ actual_rank = 0;
+
+ ranks[0] = cl_opts->dset_rank;
+ ranks[1] = cl_opts->buf_rank;
+ ranks[2] = cl_opts->order_rank;
+ ranks[3] = cl_opts->chk_rank;
+
+ for (i=0; i<4; i++) {
+ if (ranks[i]>0) {
+ if (!actual_rank) {
+ actual_rank = ranks[i];
+ }
+ else {
+ if (actual_rank != ranks[i])
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (!actual_rank)
+ actual_rank = default_rank;
+
+ cl_opts->dset_rank = actual_rank;
+ cl_opts->buf_rank = actual_rank;
+ cl_opts->order_rank = actual_rank;
+ cl_opts->chk_rank = actual_rank;
+
+ for (i=0; i<actual_rank; i++) {
+ if (cl_opts->order[i] > actual_rank) {
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ /* set default if none specified yet */
+ if (!cl_opts->io_types)
+ cl_opts->io_types = SIO_HDF5 | SIO_POSIX; /* run all API */
+
+ /* verify parameters sanity. Adjust if needed. */
+ /* cap xfer_size with bytes per process */
+ if (cl_opts->num_iters <= 0)
+ cl_opts->num_iters = 1;
+
+ return cl_opts;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: parse_size_directive
+ * Purpose: Parse the size directive passed on the commandline. The size
+ * directive is an integer followed by a size indicator:
+ *
+ * K, k - Kilobyte
+ * M, m - Megabyte
+ * G, g - Gigabyte
+ *
+ * Return: The size as a off_t because this is related to file size.
+ * If an unknown size indicator is used, then the program will
+ * exit with EXIT_FAILURE as the return value.
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 18. December 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+
+static hsize_t
+parse_size_directive(const char *size)
+{
+ hsize_t s;
+ char *endptr;
+
+ s = HDstrtoull(size, &endptr, 10);
+
+ if (endptr && *endptr) {
+ while (*endptr != '\0' && (*endptr == ' ' || *endptr == '\t'))
+ ++endptr;
+
+ switch (*endptr) {
+ case 'K':
+ case 'k':
+ s *= ONE_KB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'M':
+ case 'm':
+ s *= ONE_MB;
+ break;
+
+ case 'G':
+ case 'g':
+ s *= ONE_GB;
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ fprintf(stderr, "Illegal size specifier '%c'\n", *endptr);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+ }
+ }
+
+ return s;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Function: usage
+ * Purpose: Print a usage message and then exit.
+ * Return: Nothing
+ * Programmer: Bill Wendling, 31. October 2001
+ * Modifications:
+ */
+static void
+usage(const char *prog)
+{
+ print_version(prog);
+ printf("usage: %s [OPTIONS]\n", prog);
+ printf(" OPTIONS\n");
+ printf(" -h Print an usage message and exit\n");
+ printf(" -A AL Which APIs to test\n");
+ printf(" [default: all of them]\n");
+ printf(" -c SL Selects chunked storage and defines chunks dimensions\n");
+ printf(" and sizes\n");
+ printf(" [default: Off]\n");
+ printf(" -e SL Dimensions and sizes of dataset\n");
+ printf(" [default: 100,200]\n");
+ printf(" -i N Number of iterations to perform\n");
+ printf(" [default: 1]\n");
+ printf(" -r NL Dimension access order (see below for description)\n");
+ printf(" [default: 1,2]\n");
+ printf(" -t Selects extendable dimensions for HDF5 dataset\n");
+ printf(" [default: Off]\n");
+ printf(" -v VFD Selects file driver for HDF5 access\n");
+ printf(" [default: sec2]\n");
+ printf(" -w Perform write tests, not the read tests\n");
+ printf(" [default: Off]\n");
+ printf(" -x SL Dimensions and sizes of the transfer buffer\n");
+ printf(" [default: 10,20]\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" N - is an integer > 0.\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" S - is a size specifier, an integer > 0 followed by a size indicator:\n");
+ printf(" K - Kilobyte (%d)\n", ONE_KB);
+ printf(" M - Megabyte (%d)\n", ONE_MB);
+ printf(" G - Gigabyte (%d)\n", ONE_GB);
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Example: '37M' is 37 megabytes or %d bytes\n", 37*ONE_MB);
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" AL - is an API list. Valid values are:\n");
+ printf(" hdf5 - HDF5\n");
+ printf(" posix - POSIX\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Example: -A posix,hdf5\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" NL - is list of integers (N) separated by commas.\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Example: 1,2,3\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" SL - is list of size specifiers (S) separated by commas.\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Example: 2K,2K,3K\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" The example defines an object (dataset, tranfer buffer) with three\n");
+ printf(" dimensions. Be aware that as the number of dimensions increases, the\n");
+ printf(" the total size of the object increases exponentially.\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" VFD - is an HDF5 file driver specifier. Valid values are:\n");
+ printf(" sec2, stdio, core, split, multi, family, direct\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Dimension access order:\n");
+ printf(" Data access starts at the cardinal origin of the dataset using the\n");
+ printf(" transfer buffer. The next access occurs on a dataset region next to\n");
+ printf(" the previous one. For a multidimensional dataset, there are several\n");
+ printf(" directions as to where to proceed. This can be specified in the dimension\n");
+ printf(" access order. For example, -r 1,2 states that the tool should traverse\n");
+ printf(" dimension 1 first, and then dimension 2.\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ printf(" Environment variables:\n");
+ printf(" HDF5_NOCLEANUP Do not remove data files if set [default remove]\n");
+ printf(" HDF5_PREFIX Data file prefix\n");
+ printf("\n");
+ fflush(stdout);
+} /* end usage() */
+