JIT: recover types from helper calls and more (#20447)

The jit needs to recover class handles in order to devirtualize and
do other type-based optimizations. This change allows the jit to find
the type for more trees: in particular, helper calls, intrinsics, and
expanded static field accesses.

Also, annotate a few methods to control jit optimization

We don't want to optimize special methods that are used to inform crossgen
about desirable generic instantiations. `CommonlyUsedGenericInstantiations`
was already annotated but `CommonlyUsedWinRTRedirectedInterfaceStubs` wasn't.

And because `RuntimeType` is sealed calls through types are now often
devirtualized. Name lookups on types are frequent, especially on error paths.
The method `GetCachedName` looks like an attractive inline but simply expands
into a larger sequence of two other calls. So block it from being inlined.

5 files changed, 216 insertions, 1 deletions

diff --git a/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Internal.cs b/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Internal.cs
index 033ae9aa99..cc0b8283c0 100644
--- a/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Internal.cs
+++ b/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/Internal.cs
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@ namespace System
         // typed as matching instantiations of mscorlib copies of WinRT interfaces (IIterable<T>, IVector<T>,
         // IMap<K, V>, ...) which is necessary to generate all required IL stubs.
 
+        [MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.NoOptimization)]
         private static void CommonlyUsedWinRTRedirectedInterfaceStubs()
         {
             WinRT_IEnumerable<byte>(null, null, null);
diff --git a/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/RtType.cs b/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/RtType.cs
index 0e5cf8104e..63cf950d9d 100644
--- a/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/RtType.cs
+++ b/src/System.Private.CoreLib/src/System/RtType.cs
@@ -4532,6 +4532,10 @@ namespace System
             }
         }
 
+        // This method looks like an attractive inline but expands to two calls,
+        // neither of which can be inlined or optimized further. So block it
+        // from inlining.
+        [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)]
         private string GetCachedName(TypeNameKind kind)
         {
             return Cache.GetName(kind);
diff --git a/src/jit/compiler.h b/src/jit/compiler.h
index 721ef0ed42..cc8032f18b 100644
--- a/src/jit/compiler.h
+++ b/src/jit/compiler.h
@@ -2602,12 +2602,16 @@ public:
     CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE gtGetStructHandle(GenTree* tree);
     // Get the handle for a ref type.
     CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE gtGetClassHandle(GenTree* tree, bool* isExact, bool* isNonNull);
+    // Get the class handle for an helper call
+    CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE gtGetHelperCallClassHandle(GenTreeCall* call, bool* isExact, bool* isNonNull);
     // Get the element handle for an array of ref type.
     CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE gtGetArrayElementClassHandle(GenTree* array);
     // Get a class handle from a helper call argument
     CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE gtGetHelperArgClassHandle(GenTree*  array,
                                                    unsigned* runtimeLookupCount = nullptr,
                                                    GenTree** handleTree         = nullptr);
+    // Check if this tree is a gc static base helper call
+    bool gtIsStaticGCBaseHelperCall(GenTree* tree);
 
 //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Functions to display the trees
diff --git a/src/jit/gentree.cpp b/src/jit/gentree.cpp
index c928494816..0f98c90323 100644
--- a/src/jit/gentree.cpp
+++ b/src/jit/gentree.cpp
@@ -16229,6 +16229,25 @@ CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE Compiler::gtGetClassHandle(GenTree* tree, bool* isExact, bo
                     objClass = sig.retTypeClass;
                 }
             }
+            else if (call->gtCallType == CT_HELPER)
+            {
+                objClass = gtGetHelperCallClassHandle(call, isExact, isNonNull);
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case GT_INTRINSIC:
+        {
+            GenTreeIntrinsic* intrinsic = obj->AsIntrinsic();
+
+            if (intrinsic->gtIntrinsicId == CORINFO_INTRINSIC_Object_GetType)
+            {
+                CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE runtimeType = info.compCompHnd->getBuiltinClass(CLASSID_RUNTIME_TYPE);
+                objClass                         = runtimeType;
+                *isExact                         = false;
+                *isNonNull                       = true;
+            }
 
             break;
         }
@@ -16272,7 +16291,40 @@ CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE Compiler::gtGetClassHandle(GenTree* tree, bool* isExact, bo
                     *isExact   = false;
                     *isNonNull = false;
                 }
+                else if (base->OperGet() == GT_ADD)
+                {
+                    // This could be a static field access.
+                    //
+                    // See if op1 is a static field base helper call
+                    // and if so, op2 will have the field info.
+                    GenTree* op1 = base->gtOp.gtOp1;
+                    GenTree* op2 = base->gtOp.gtOp2;
+
+                    const bool op1IsStaticFieldBase = gtIsStaticGCBaseHelperCall(op1);
+
+                    if (op1IsStaticFieldBase && (op2->OperGet() == GT_CNS_INT))
+                    {
+                        FieldSeqNode* fieldSeq = op2->AsIntCon()->gtFieldSeq;
+
+                        if (fieldSeq != nullptr)
+                        {
+                            while (fieldSeq->m_next != nullptr)
+                            {
+                                fieldSeq = fieldSeq->m_next;
+                            }
+
+                            CORINFO_FIELD_HANDLE fieldHnd     = fieldSeq->m_fieldHnd;
+                            CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE fieldClass   = nullptr;
+                            CorInfoType          fieldCorType = info.compCompHnd->getFieldType(fieldHnd, &fieldClass);
+                            if (fieldCorType == CORINFO_TYPE_CLASS)
+                            {
+                                objClass = fieldClass;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
             }
+
             break;
         }
 
@@ -16311,6 +16363,108 @@ CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE Compiler::gtGetClassHandle(GenTree* tree, bool* isExact, bo
 }
 
 //------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// gtGetHelperCallClassHandle: find class handle for return value of a
+//   helper call
+//
+// Arguments:
+//    call - helper call to examine
+//    isExact - [OUT] true if type is known exactly
+//    isNonNull - [OUT] true if return value is not null
+//
+// Return Value:
+//    nullptr if helper call result is not a ref class, or the class handle
+//    is unknown, otherwise the class handle.
+
+CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE Compiler::gtGetHelperCallClassHandle(GenTreeCall* call, bool* isExact, bool* isNonNull)
+{
+    assert(call->gtCallType == CT_HELPER);
+
+    *isNonNull                     = false;
+    *isExact                       = false;
+    CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE  objClass = nullptr;
+    const CorInfoHelpFunc helper   = eeGetHelperNum(call->gtCallMethHnd);
+
+    switch (helper)
+    {
+        case CORINFO_HELP_TYPEHANDLE_TO_RUNTIMETYPE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_TYPEHANDLE_TO_RUNTIMETYPE_MAYBENULL:
+        {
+            // Note for some runtimes these helpers return exact types.
+            //
+            // But in those cases the types are also sealed, so there's no
+            // need to claim exactness here.
+            const bool           helperResultNonNull = (helper == CORINFO_HELP_TYPEHANDLE_TO_RUNTIMETYPE);
+            CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE runtimeType         = info.compCompHnd->getBuiltinClass(CLASSID_RUNTIME_TYPE);
+
+            objClass   = runtimeType;
+            *isNonNull = helperResultNonNull;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case CORINFO_HELP_CHKCASTCLASS:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_CHKCASTANY:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_CHKCASTARRAY:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_CHKCASTINTERFACE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_CHKCASTCLASS_SPECIAL:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_ISINSTANCEOFINTERFACE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_ISINSTANCEOFARRAY:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_ISINSTANCEOFCLASS:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_ISINSTANCEOFANY:
+        {
+            // Fetch the class handle from the helper call arglist
+            GenTreeArgList*      args    = call->gtCallArgs;
+            GenTree*             typeArg = args->Current();
+            CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE castHnd = gtGetHelperArgClassHandle(typeArg);
+
+            // We generally assume the type being cast to is the best type
+            // for the result, unless it is an interface type.
+            //
+            // TODO-CQ: when we have default interface methods then
+            // this might not be the best assumption. We could also
+            // explore calling something like mergeClasses to identify
+            // the more specific class. A similar issue arises when
+            // typing the temp in impCastClassOrIsInstToTree, when we
+            // expand the cast inline.
+            if (castHnd != nullptr)
+            {
+                DWORD attrs = info.compCompHnd->getClassAttribs(castHnd);
+
+                if ((attrs & CORINFO_FLG_INTERFACE) != 0)
+                {
+                    castHnd = nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If we don't have a good estimate for the type we can use the
+            // type from the value being cast instead.
+            if (castHnd == nullptr)
+            {
+                GenTree* valueArg = args->Rest()->Current();
+                castHnd           = gtGetClassHandle(valueArg, isExact, isNonNull);
+            }
+
+            // We don't know at jit time if the cast will succeed or fail, but if it
+            // fails at runtime then an exception is thrown for cast helpers, or the
+            // result is set null for instance helpers.
+            //
+            // So it safe to claim the result has the cast type.
+            // Note we don't know for sure that it is exactly this type.
+            if (castHnd != nullptr)
+            {
+                objClass = castHnd;
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return objClass;
+}
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // gtGetArrayElementClassHandle: find class handle for elements of an array
 // of ref types
 //
@@ -16348,6 +16502,55 @@ CORINFO_CLASS_HANDLE Compiler::gtGetArrayElementClassHandle(GenTree* array)
     return nullptr;
 }
 
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// gtIsGCStaticBaseHelperCall: true if tree is fetching the gc static base
+//    for a subsequent static field access
+//
+// Arguments:
+//    tree - tree to consider
+//
+// Return Value:
+//    true if the tree is a suitable helper call
+//
+// Notes:
+//    Excludes R2R helpers as they specify the target field in a way
+//    that is opaque to the jit.
+
+bool Compiler::gtIsStaticGCBaseHelperCall(GenTree* tree)
+{
+    if (tree->OperGet() != GT_CALL)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    GenTreeCall* call = tree->AsCall();
+
+    if (call->gtCallType != CT_HELPER)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const CorInfoHelpFunc helper = eeGetHelperNum(call->gtCallMethHnd);
+
+    switch (helper)
+    {
+        // We are looking for a REF type so only need to check for the GC base helpers
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETGENERICS_GCSTATIC_BASE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCSTATIC_BASE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCSTATIC_BASE_NOCTOR:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCSTATIC_BASE_DYNAMICCLASS:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETGENERICS_GCTHREADSTATIC_BASE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCTHREADSTATIC_BASE:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCTHREADSTATIC_BASE_NOCTOR:
+        case CORINFO_HELP_GETSHARED_GCTHREADSTATIC_BASE_DYNAMICCLASS:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
 void GenTree::ParseArrayAddress(
     Compiler* comp, ArrayInfo* arrayInfo, GenTree** pArr, ValueNum* pInxVN, FieldSeqNode** pFldSeq)
 {
diff --git a/src/jit/importer.cpp b/src/jit/importer.cpp
index 68f602b715..8fb41655bb 100644
--- a/src/jit/importer.cpp
+++ b/src/jit/importer.cpp
@@ -10098,7 +10098,10 @@ GenTree* Compiler::impCastClassOrIsInstToTree(GenTree*                op1,
     unsigned tmp = lvaGrabTemp(true DEBUGARG("spilling QMark2"));
     impAssignTempGen(tmp, qmarkNull, (unsigned)CHECK_SPILL_NONE);
 
-    // TODO: Is it possible op1 has a better type?
+    // TODO-CQ: Is it possible op1 has a better type?
+    //
+    // See also gtGetHelperCallClassHandle where we make the same
+    // determination for the helper call variants.
     lvaSetClass(tmp, pResolvedToken->hClass);
     return gtNewLclvNode(tmp, TYP_REF);
 #endif