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<title>Class template inversive_congruential_engine</title>
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<div class="refentry">
<a name="boost.random.inversive_con_idp198671104"></a><div class="titlepage"></div>
<div class="refnamediv">
<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Class template inversive_congruential_engine</span></h2>
<p>boost::random::inversive_congruential_engine</p>
</div>
<h2 xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv-title">Synopsis</h2>
<div xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv"><pre class="synopsis"><span class="comment">// In header: <<a class="link" href="../../boost_random/reference.html#header.boost.random.inversive_congruential_hpp" title="Header <boost/random/inversive_congruential.hpp>">boost/random/inversive_congruential.hpp</a>>
</span><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> IntType<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntType</span> a<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntType</span> b<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">IntType</span> p<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
<span class="comment">// types</span>
<span class="keyword">typedef</span> <span class="identifier">IntType</span> <a name="boost.random.inversive_con_idp198671104.result_type"></a><span class="identifier">result_type</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#boost.random.inversive_con_idp198671104construct-copy-destruct">construct/copy/destruct</a></span>
<a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp147224528-bb"><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">explicit</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp147222912-bb"><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">IntType</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> SeedSeq<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">explicit</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp157375216-bb"><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">SeedSeq</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> It<span class="special">></span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp157372320-bb"><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">It</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">It</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216505312-bb">public static functions</a></span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216507872-bb"><span class="identifier">min</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216507216-bb"><span class="identifier">max</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216505968-bb">public member functions</a></span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216505440-bb"><span class="identifier">seed</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp202429136-bb"><span class="identifier">seed</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">IntType</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> SeedSeq<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp216502384-bb"><span class="identifier">seed</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">SeedSeq</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> It<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp222189456-bb"><span class="identifier">seed</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">It</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">It</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">IntType</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp222183488-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Iter<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp222182544-bb"><span class="identifier">generate</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Iter</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">void</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp147226880-bb"><span class="identifier">discard</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uintmax_t</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp157367760-bb">friend functions</a></span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> CharT<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Traits<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_ostream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span>
<a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp149755968-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special"><<</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_ostream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> CharT<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Traits<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_istream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span>
<a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp149751904-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">>></span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_istream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp228321984-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">==</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html#idp228318800-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">!=</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// public data members</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="identifier">has_fixed_range</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">multiplier</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">increment</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <span class="identifier">modulus</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="identifier">IntType</span> <span class="identifier">default_seed</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="idp403885152"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<p>Instantiations of class template <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code> model a <a class="link" href="../../boost_random/reference.html#boost_random.reference.concepts.pseudo_random_number_generator" title="Pseudo-Random Number Generator">pseudo-random number generator</a> . It uses the inversive congruential algorithm (ICG) described in</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p> "Inversive pseudorandom number generators: concepts, results and links", Peter Hellekalek, In: "Proceedings of the 1995 Winter Simulation
Conference", C. Alexopoulos, K. Kang, W.R. Lilegdon, and D. Goldsman (editors), 1995, pp. 255-262. <a href="ftp://random.mat.sbg.ac.at/pub/data/wsc95.ps" target="_top">ftp://random.mat.sbg.ac.at/pub/data/wsc95.ps</a> </p></blockquote></div>
<p> </p>
<p>The output sequence is defined by x(n+1) = (a*inv(x(n)) - b) (mod p), where x(0), a, b, and the prime number p are parameters of the generator. The expression inv(k) denotes the multiplicative inverse of k in the field of integer numbers modulo p, with inv(0) := 0.</p>
<p>The template parameter IntType shall denote a signed integral type large enough to hold p; a, b, and p are the parameters of the generators. The template parameter val is the validation value checked by validation.</p>
<p> </p>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../doc/src/images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p> The implementation currently uses the Euclidian Algorithm to compute the multiplicative inverse. Therefore, the inversive generators are about 10-20 times slower than the others (see section"performance"). However, the paper talks of only 3x slowdown, so the Euclidian Algorithm is probably not optimal for calculating the multiplicative inverse. </p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<p> </p>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="idp403892080"></a><h3>
<a name="boost.random.inversive_con_idp198671104construct-copy-destruct"></a><code class="computeroutput">inversive_congruential_engine</code>
public
construct/copy/destruct</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><a name="idp147224528-bb"></a><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Constructs an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code>, seeding it with the default seed. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">explicit</span> <a name="idp147222912-bb"></a><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">IntType</span> x0<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Constructs an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code>, seeding it with <code class="computeroutput">x0</code>. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> SeedSeq<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">explicit</span> <a name="idp157375216-bb"></a><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">SeedSeq</span> <span class="special">&</span> seq<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Constructs an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code>, seeding it with values produced by a call to <code class="computeroutput">seq.generate()</code>. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> It<span class="special">></span> <a name="idp157372320-bb"></a><span class="identifier">inversive_congruential_engine</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">It</span> <span class="special">&</span> first<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">It</span> last<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Constructs an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code>, seeds it with values taken from the itrator range [first, last), and adjusts first to point to the element after the last one used. If there are not enough elements, throws <code class="computeroutput">std::invalid_argument</code>.</p>
<p>first and last must be input iterators. </p>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="idp403930720"></a><h3>
<a name="idp216505312-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">inversive_congruential_engine</code> public static functions</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem"><pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a name="idp216507872-bb"></a><span class="identifier">min</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></li>
<li class="listitem"><pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="identifier">result_type</span> <a name="idp216507216-bb"></a><span class="identifier">max</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></li>
</ol></div>
</div>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="idp403942912"></a><h3>
<a name="idp216505968-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">inversive_congruential_engine</code> public member functions</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp216505440-bb"></a><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Calls seed(default_seed) </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp202429136-bb"></a><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">IntType</span> x0<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>If c mod m is zero and x0 mod m is zero, changes the current value of the generator to 1. Otherwise, changes it to x0 mod m. If c is zero, distinct seeds in the range [1,m) will leave the generator in distinct states. If c is not zero, the range is [0,m). </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> SeedSeq<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp216502384-bb"></a><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">SeedSeq</span> <span class="special">&</span> seq<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Seeds an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code> using values from a SeedSeq. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> It<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp222189456-bb"></a><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">It</span> <span class="special">&</span> first<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">It</span> last<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>seeds an <code class="computeroutput"><code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a></code></code> with values taken from the itrator range [first, last) and adjusts <code class="computeroutput">first</code> to point to the element after the last one used. If there are not enough elements, throws <code class="computeroutput">std::invalid_argument</code>.</p>
<p><code class="computeroutput">first</code> and <code class="computeroutput">last</code> must be input iterators. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="identifier">IntType</span> <a name="idp222183488-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Returns the next output of the generator. </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Iter<span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp222182544-bb"></a><span class="identifier">generate</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Iter</span> first<span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Iter</span> last<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Fills a range with random values </p>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">void</span> <a name="idp147226880-bb"></a><span class="identifier">discard</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">uintmax_t</span> z<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Advances the state of the generator by <code class="computeroutput">z</code>. </p>
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</ol></div>
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<div class="refsect2">
<a name="idp404002096"></a><h3>
<a name="idp157367760-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">inversive_congruential_engine</code> friend functions</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
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<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> CharT<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Traits<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_ostream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span>
<a name="idp149755968-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special"><<</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_ostream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span> os<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> x<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Writes the textual representation of the generator to a <code class="computeroutput">std::ostream</code>. </p>
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<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> CharT<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Traits<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_istream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span>
<a name="idp149751904-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">>></span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">basic_istream</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">CharT</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">Traits</span> <span class="special">></span> <span class="special">&</span> is<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> x<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Reads the textual representation of the generator from a <code class="computeroutput">std::istream</code>. </p>
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<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a name="idp228321984-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">==</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> x<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> y<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Returns true if the two generators will produce identical sequences of outputs. </p>
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<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="keyword">bool</span> <a name="idp228318800-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">!=</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> lhs<span class="special">,</span>
<span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="inversive_con_idp198671104.html" title="Class template inversive_congruential_engine">inversive_congruential_engine</a> <span class="special">&</span> rhs<span class="special">)</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<p>Returns true if the two generators will produce different sequences of outputs. </p>
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</ol></div>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2000-2005 Jens Maurer<br>Copyright © 2009, 2010 Steven Watanabe<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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