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authorStan Shebs <shebs@codesourcery.com>1999-04-16 01:34:07 +0000
committerStan Shebs <shebs@codesourcery.com>1999-04-16 01:34:07 +0000
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tree5deda65b8d7b04d1f4cbc534c3206d328e1267ec /gdb/README
parent1730ec6b1848f0f32154277f788fb29f88d8475b (diff)
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- README for gdb-4.13 release
- Updated 8-Aug-94 by Fred Fish
-
-This is GDB, the GNU source-level debugger, presently running under un*x.
-A summary of new features is in the file `NEWS'.
-
-
-Unpacking and Installation -- quick overview
-==========================
-
-In this release, the GDB debugger sources, the generic GNU include
-files, the BFD ("binary file description") library, the readline
-library, and other libraries all have directories of their own
-underneath the gdb-4.13 directory. The idea is that a variety of GNU
-tools can share a common copy of these things. Be aware of variation
-over time--for example don't try to build gdb with a copy of bfd from
-a release other than the gdb release (such as a binutils or gas
-release), especially if the releases are more than a few weeks apart.
-Configuration scripts and makefiles exist to cruise up and down this
-directory tree and automatically build all the pieces in the right
-order.
-
-When you unpack the gdb-4.13.tar.gz file, you'll find a directory
-called `gdb-4.13', which contains:
-
- Makefile.in config.sub* glob/ opcodes/
- README configure* include/ readline/
- bfd/ configure.in libiberty/ texinfo/
- config/ etc/ mmalloc/
- config.guess* gdb/ move-if-change*
-
-To build GDB, you can just do:
-
- cd gdb-4.13
- ./configure
- make
- cp gdb/gdb /usr/local/bin/gdb (or wherever you want)
-
-This will configure and build all the libraries as well as GDB.
-If `configure' can't determine your system type, specify one as its
-argument, e.g. sun4 or decstation.
-
-If you get compiler warnings during this stage, see the `Reporting Bugs'
-section below; there are a few known problems.
-
-GDB can be used as a cross-debugger, running on a machine of one type
-while debugging a program running on a machine of another type. See below.
-
-
-More Documentation
-******************
-
- The GDB 4 release includes an already-formatted reference card,
-ready for printing with PostScript or Ghostscript, in the `gdb'
-subdirectory of the main source directory. (In `gdb-4.13/gdb/refcard.ps'.)
-If you can use PostScript or Ghostscript with your printer, you can
-print the reference card immediately with `refcard.ps'.
-
- The release also includes the source for the reference card. You
-can format it, using TeX, by typing:
-
- make refcard.dvi
-
- The GDB reference card is designed to print in landscape mode on US
-"letter" size paper; that is, on a sheet 11 inches wide by 8.5 inches
-high. You will need to specify this form of printing as an option to
-your DVI output program.
-
- All the documentation for GDB comes as part of the machine-readable
-distribution. The documentation is written in Texinfo format, which is
-a documentation system that uses a single source file to produce both
-on-line information and a printed manual. You can use one of the Info
-formatting commands to create the on-line version of the documentation
-and TeX (or `texi2roff') to typeset the printed version.
-
- GDB includes an already formatted copy of the on-line Info version of
-this manual in the `gdb' subdirectory. The main Info file is
-`gdb-VERSION-NUMBER/gdb/gdb.info', and it refers to subordinate files
-matching `gdb.info*' in the same directory. If necessary, you can
-print out these files, or read them with any editor; but they are
-easier to read using the `info' subsystem in GNU Emacs or the
-standalone `info' program, available as part of the GNU Texinfo
-distribution.
-
- If you want to format these Info files yourself, you need one of the
-Info formatting programs, such as `texinfo-format-buffer' or `makeinfo'.
-
- If you have `makeinfo' installed, and are in the top level GDB
-source directory (`gdb-4.13', in the case of version 4.13), you can make
-the Info file by typing:
-
- cd gdb
- make gdb.info
-
- If you want to typeset and print copies of this manual, you need TeX,
-a program to print its DVI output files, and `texinfo.tex', the Texinfo
-definitions file.
-
- TeX is a typesetting program; it does not print files directly, but
-produces output files called DVI files. To print a typeset document,
-you need a program to print DVI files. If your system has TeX
-installed, chances are it has such a program. The precise command to
-use depends on your system; `lpr -d' is common; another (for PostScript
-devices) is `dvips'. The DVI print command may require a file name
-without any extension or a `.dvi' extension.
-
- TeX also requires a macro definitions file called `texinfo.tex'.
-This file tells TeX how to typeset a document written in Texinfo
-format. On its own, TeX cannot read, much less typeset a Texinfo file.
- `texinfo.tex' is distributed with GDB and is located in the
-`gdb-VERSION-NUMBER/texinfo' directory.
-
- If you have TeX and a DVI printer program installed, you can typeset
-and print this manual. First switch to the the `gdb' subdirectory of
-the main source directory (for example, to `gdb-4.13/gdb') and then type:
-
- make gdb.dvi
-
-
-Installing GDB
-**************
-
- GDB comes with a `configure' script that automates the process of
-preparing GDB for installation; you can then use `make' to build the
-`gdb' program.
-
- The GDB distribution includes all the source code you need for GDB in
-a single directory, whose name is usually composed by appending the
-version number to `gdb'.
-
- For example, the GDB version 4.13 distribution is in the `gdb-4.13'
-directory. That directory contains:
-
-`gdb-4.13/configure (and supporting files)'
- script for configuring GDB and all its supporting libraries.
-
-`gdb-4.13/gdb'
- the source specific to GDB itself
-
-`gdb-4.13/bfd'
- source for the Binary File Descriptor library
-
-`gdb-4.13/include'
- GNU include files
-
-`gdb-4.13/libiberty'
- source for the `-liberty' free software library
-
-`gdb-4.13/opcodes'
- source for the library of opcode tables and disassemblers
-
-`gdb-4.13/readline'
- source for the GNU command-line interface
-
-`gdb-4.13/glob'
- source for the GNU filename pattern-matching subroutine
-
-`gdb-4.13/mmalloc'
- source for the GNU memory-mapped malloc package
-
-'gdb-4.13/sim'
- source for some simulators (z8000, H8/300, H8/500, etc)
-
- The simplest way to configure and build GDB is to run `configure'
-from the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory, which in this example
-is the `gdb-4.13' directory.
-
- First switch to the `gdb-VERSION-NUMBER' source directory if you are
-not already in it; then run `configure'. Pass the identifier for the
-platform on which GDB will run as an argument.
-
- For example:
-
- cd gdb-4.13
- ./configure HOST
- make
-
-where HOST is an identifier such as `sun4' or `decstation', that
-identifies the platform where GDB will run.
-
- Running `configure HOST' followed by `make' builds the `bfd',
-`readline', `mmalloc', and `libiberty' libraries, then `gdb' itself.
-The configured source files, and the binaries, are left in the
-corresponding source directories.
-
- `configure' is a Bourne-shell (`/bin/sh') script; if your system
-does not recognize this automatically when you run a different shell,
-you may need to run `sh' on it explicitly:
-
- sh configure HOST
-
- If you run `configure' from a directory that contains source
-directories for multiple libraries or programs, such as the `gdb-4.13'
-source directory for version 4.13, `configure' creates configuration
-files for every directory level underneath (unless you tell it not to,
-with the `--norecursion' option).
-
- You can run the `configure' script from any of the subordinate
-directories in the GDB distribution, if you only want to configure that
-subdirectory; but be sure to specify a path to it.
-
- For example, with version 4.13, type the following to configure only
-the `bfd' subdirectory:
-
- cd gdb-4.13/bfd
- ../configure HOST
-
- You can install `gdb' anywhere; it has no hardwired paths. However,
-you should make sure that the shell on your path (named by the `SHELL'
-environment variable) is publicly readable. Remember that GDB uses the
-shell to start your program--some systems refuse to let GDB debug child
-processes whose programs are not readable.
-
-
-Compiling GDB in another directory
-==================================
-
- If you want to run GDB versions for several host or target machines,
-you need a different `gdb' compiled for each combination of host and
-target. `configure' is designed to make this easy by allowing you to
-generate each configuration in a separate subdirectory, rather than in
-the source directory. If your `make' program handles the `VPATH'
-feature correctly (GNU `make' and SunOS 'make' are two that should),
-running `make' in each of these directories builds the `gdb' program
-specified there.
-
- To build `gdb' in a separate directory, run `configure' with the
-`--srcdir' option to specify where to find the source. (You also need
-to specify a path to find `configure' itself from your working
-directory. If the path to `configure' would be the same as the
-argument to `--srcdir', you can leave out the `--srcdir' option; it
-will be assumed.)
-
- For example, with version 4.13, you can build GDB in a separate
-directory for a Sun 4 like this:
-
- cd gdb-4.13
- mkdir ../gdb-sun4
- cd ../gdb-sun4
- ../gdb-4.13/configure sun4
- make
-
- When `configure' builds a configuration using a remote source
-directory, it creates a tree for the binaries with the same structure
-(and using the same names) as the tree under the source directory. In
-the example, you'd find the Sun 4 library `libiberty.a' in the
-directory `gdb-sun4/libiberty', and GDB itself in `gdb-sun4/gdb'.
-
- One popular reason to build several GDB configurations in separate
-directories is to configure GDB for cross-compiling (where GDB runs on
-one machine--the host--while debugging programs that run on another
-machine--the target). You specify a cross-debugging target by giving
-the `--target=TARGET' option to `configure'.
-
- When you run `make' to build a program or library, you must run it
-in a configured directory--whatever directory you were in when you
-called `configure' (or one of its subdirectories).
-
- The `Makefile' that `configure' generates in each source directory
-also runs recursively. If you type `make' in a source directory such
-as `gdb-4.13' (or in a separate configured directory configured with
-`--srcdir=PATH/gdb-4.13'), you will build all the required libraries,
-and then build GDB.
-
- When you have multiple hosts or targets configured in separate
-directories, you can run `make' on them in parallel (for example, if
-they are NFS-mounted on each of the hosts); they will not interfere
-with each other.
-
-
-Specifying names for hosts and targets
-======================================
-
- The specifications used for hosts and targets in the `configure'
-script are based on a three-part naming scheme, but some short
-predefined aliases are also supported. The full naming scheme encodes
-three pieces of information in the following pattern:
-
- ARCHITECTURE-VENDOR-OS
-
- For example, you can use the alias `sun4' as a HOST argument or in a
-`--target=TARGET' option. The equivalent full name is
-`sparc-sun-sunos4'.
-
- The `configure' script accompanying GDB does not provide any query
-facility to list all supported host and target names or aliases.
-`configure' calls the Bourne shell script `config.sub' to map
-abbreviations to full names; you can read the script, if you wish, or
-you can use it to test your guesses on abbreviations--for example:
-
- % sh config.sub sun4
- sparc-sun-sunos411
- % sh config.sub sun3
- m68k-sun-sunos411
- % sh config.sub decstation
- mips-dec-ultrix42
- % sh config.sub hp300bsd
- m68k-hp-bsd
- % sh config.sub i386v
- i386-unknown-sysv
- % sh config.sub i786v
- Invalid configuration `i786v': machine `i786v' not recognized
-
-`config.sub' is also distributed in the GDB source directory
-(`gdb-4.13', for version 4.13).
-
-
-`configure' options
-===================
-
- Here is a summary of the `configure' options and arguments that are
-most often useful for building GDB. `configure' also has several other
-options not listed here. *note : (configure.info)What Configure Does,
-for a full explanation of `configure'.
-
- configure [--help]
- [--prefix=DIR]
- [--srcdir=PATH]
- [--norecursion] [--rm]
- [--target=TARGET] HOST
-
-You may introduce options with a single `-' rather than `--' if you
-prefer; but you may abbreviate option names if you use `--'.
-
-`--help'
- Display a quick summary of how to invoke `configure'.
-
-`-prefix=DIR'
- Configure the source to install programs and files under directory
- `DIR'.
-
-`--srcdir=PATH'
- *Warning: using this option requires GNU `make', or another `make'
- that compatibly implements the `VPATH' feature.*
- Use this option to make configurations in directories separate
- from the GDB source directories. Among other things, you can use
- this to build (or maintain) several configurations simultaneously,
- in separate directories. `configure' writes configuration
- specific files in the current directory, but arranges for them to
- use the source in the directory PATH. `configure' will create
- directories under the working directory in parallel to the source
- directories below PATH.
-
-`--norecursion'
- Configure only the directory level where `configure' is executed;
- do not propagate configuration to subdirectories.
-
-`--rm'
- Remove the configuration that the other arguments specify.
-
-`--target=TARGET'
- Configure GDB for cross-debugging programs running on the specified
- TARGET. Without this option, GDB is configured to debug programs
- that run on the same machine (HOST) as GDB itself.
-
- There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
- targets.
-
-`HOST ...'
- Configure GDB to run on the specified HOST.
-
- There is no convenient way to generate a list of all available
- hosts.
-
-`configure' accepts other options, for compatibility with configuring
-other GNU tools recursively; but these are the only options that affect
-GDB or its supporting libraries.
-
-
-Languages other than C
-=======================
-
-See the GDB manual (doc/gdb.texinfo) for information on this.
-
-Kernel debugging
-=================
-
-I have't done this myself so I can't really offer any advice.
-Remote debugging over serial lines works fine, but the kernel debugging
-code in here has not been tested in years. Van Jacobson has
-better kernel debugging, but the UC lawyers won't let FSF have it.
-
-
-Remote debugging
-=================
-
-The files m68k-stub.c, i386-stub.c, and sparc-stub.c are examples of
-remote stubs to be used with remote.c. They are designed to run
-standalone on an m68k, i386, or SPARC cpu and communicate properly with
-the remote.c stub over a serial line.
-
-The file rem-multi.shar contains a general stub that can probably
-run on various different flavors of unix to allow debugging over a
-serial line from one machine to another.
-
-Some working remote interfaces for talking to existing ROM monitors
-are:
- remote-adapt.c AMD 29000 "Adapt"
- remote-eb.c AMD 29000 "EBMON"
- remote-es1800.c Ericsson 1800 monitor
- remote-hms.c Hitachi Micro Systems H8/300 monitor
- remote-mips.c MIPS remote debugging protocol
- remote-mm.c AMD 29000 "minimon"
- remote-nindy.c Intel 960 "Nindy"
- remote-sim.c Generalized simulator protocol
- remote-st2000.c Tandem ST-2000 monitor
- remote-udi.c AMD 29000 using the AMD "Universal Debug Interface"
- remote-vx.c VxWorks realtime kernel
- remote-z8k.c Zilog Z8000 simulator
-
-Remote-vx.c and the vx-share subdirectory contain a remote interface for the
-VxWorks realtime kernel, which communicates over TCP using the Sun
-RPC library. This would be a useful starting point for other remote-
-via-ethernet back ends.
-
-Remote-udi.c and the 29k-share subdirectory contain a remote interface
-for AMD 29000 programs, which uses the AMD "Universal Debug Interface".
-This allows GDB to talk to software simulators, emulators, and/or bare
-hardware boards, via network or serial interfaces. Note that GDB only
-provides an interface that speaks UDI, not a complete solution. You
-will need something on the other end that also speaks UDI.
-
-
-Reporting Bugs
-===============
-
-The correct address for reporting bugs found in gdb is
-"bug-gdb@prep.ai.mit.edu". Please email all bugs, and all requests for
-help with GDB, to that address. Please include the GDB version number
-(e.g. gdb-4.13), and how you configured it (e.g. "sun4" or "mach386
-host, i586-intel-synopsys target"). If you include the banner that GDB
-prints when it starts up, that will give us enough information.
-
-For more information on how/whether to report bugs, see the GDB Bugs
-section of the GDB manual (gdb/doc/gdb.texinfo).
-
-Known bugs:
-
- * Under Ultrix 4.2 (DECstation-3100) or Alphas under OSF/1, we have
- seen problems with backtraces after interrupting the inferior out
- of a read(). The problem is caused by ptrace() returning an
- incorrect value for the frame pointer register (register 15 or
- 30). As far as we can tell, this is a kernel problem. Any help
- with this would be greatly appreciated.
-
- * On DECstations there are warnings about shift counts out of range in
- various BFD modules. None of them is a cause for alarm, they are actually
- a result of bugs in the DECstation compiler.
-
- * Notes for the DEC Alpha using OSF/1:
- The debugging output of native cc has two known problems; we view these
- as compiler bugs.
- The linker miscompacts symbol tables, which causes gdb to confuse the
- type of variables or results in `struct <illegal>' type outputs.
- dbx has the same problems with those executables. A workaround is to
- specify -Wl,-b when linking, but that will increase the executable size
- considerably.
- If a structure has incomplete type in one file (e.g. "struct foo *"
- without a definition for "struct foo"), gdb will be unable to find the
- structure definition from another file.
- It has been reported that the Ultrix 4.3A compiler on decstations has the
- same problems.
-
- Under some circumstances OSF/1 shared libraries do get relocated to a
- different address, but gdb cannot handle these relocations yet. If you
- encounter problems while debugging executables which use shared libraries,
- try to relink your executable with the -non_shared option when using cc
- or with the -static option when using gcc.
-
- * Notes for Solaris 2.x, using the SPARCworks cc compiler:
- You have to compile your program with the -xs option of the SPARCworks
- compiler to be able to debug your program with gdb.
- Under Solaris 2.3 you also need patch 101409-03 (Jumbo linker patch).
- Under Solaris 2.2, if you have patch 101052 installed, make sure
- that it is at least at revision 101052-06.
-
- * Notes for BSD/386:
- To compile gdb-4.13 on BSD/386, you must run the configure script and
- its subscripts with bash. Here is an easy way to do this:
-
- bash -c 'CONFIG_SHELL=/bin/bash ./configure'
-
- (configure will report i386-unknown-bsd). Then, compile with the
- standard "make" command.
-
-GDB can produce warnings about symbols that it does not understand. By
-default, these warnings are disabled. You can enable them by executing
-`set complaint 10' (which you can put in your ~/.gdbinit if you like).
-I recommend doing this if you are working on a compiler, assembler,
-linker, or gdb, since it will point out problems that you may be able
-to fix. Warnings produced during symbol reading indicate some mismatch
-between the object file and GDB's symbol reading code. In many cases,
-it's a mismatch between the specs for the object file format, and what
-the compiler actually outputs or the debugger actually understands.
-
-
-X Windows versus GDB
-=====================
-
-There is an "xxgdb", which seems to work for simple operations,
-which was posted to comp.sources.x.
-
-For those interested in auto display of source and the availability of
-an editor while debugging I suggest trying gdb-mode in gnu-emacs
-(Try typing M-x gdb RETURN). Comments on this mode are welcome.
-
-
-Writing Code for GDB
-=====================
-
-There is a lot of information about writing code for GDB in the
-internals manual, distributed with GDB in gdb/doc/gdbint.texinfo. You
-can read it by hand, print it by using TeX and texinfo, or process it
-into an `info' file for use with Emacs' info mode or the standalone
-`info' program. In particular, see the nodes Getting Started,
-Debugging GDB, New Architectures, Coding Style, Clean Design, and
-Submitting Patches.
-
-If you are pondering writing anything but a short patch, especially
-take note of the information about copyrights in the node Submitting
-Patches. It can take quite a while to get all the paperwork done, so
-we encourage you to start that process as soon as you decide you are
-planning to work on something, or at least well ahead of when you
-think you will be ready to submit the patches.
-
-
-GDB Testsuite
-=============
-
-There is a dejagnu based testsuite available for testing your newly
-built GDB, or for regression testing GDBs with local modifications.
-The testsuite is distributed separately from the base GDB distribution
-for the convenience of people that wish to get either GDB or the testsuite
-separately.
-
-The name of the testsuite is gdb-4.13-testsuite.tar.gz. You unpack it in the
-same directory in which you unpacked the base GDB distribution, and it
-will create and populate the directory gdb-4.13/gdb/testsuite.
-
-Running the testsuite requires the prior installation of dejagnu, which
-should be available via ftp. Once dejagnu is installed, you can run
-the tests in one of two ways:
-
- (1) cd gdb-4.13/gdb (assuming you also unpacked gdb)
- make check
-
-or
-
- (2) cd gdb-4.13/gdb/testsuite
- make (builds the test executables)
- make site.exp (builds the site specific file)
- runtest -tool gdb GDB=../gdb (or GDB=<somepath> as appropriate)
-
-The second method gives you slightly more control in case of problems with
-building one or more test executables, in case you wish to remove some
-test executables before running the tests, or if you are using the testsuite
-'standalone', without it being part of the GDB source tree.
-
-See the dejagnu documentation for further details.
-
-
-(this is for editing this file with GNU emacs)
-Local Variables:
-mode: text
-End: