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authorBlue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>2010-09-10 18:47:31 +0000
committerBlue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>2010-09-10 18:47:31 +0000
commit84174436a6cd948c3bac22bc02df5d2404ff641d (patch)
tree6e2a4ca3e3c66aba37ee2bb5fa447e9bc8175fc7 /HACKING
parent45fad878d7fd2e7bff78e677c34ca59fe24b7e94 (diff)
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HACKING: add C type rules
Add C type rules, adapted from libvirt HACKING. Also include a description of special QEMU scalar types. Move typedef rule from CODING_STYLE rule 3 to HACKING rule 6 where it belongs. Signed-off-by: Blue Swirl <blauwirbel@gmail.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'HACKING')
-rw-r--r--HACKING68
1 files changed, 68 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/HACKING b/HACKING
index 4211d15a06..0c8fad569c 100644
--- a/HACKING
+++ b/HACKING
@@ -4,3 +4,71 @@ For variadic macros, stick with this C99-like syntax:
#define DPRINTF(fmt, ...) \
do { printf("IRQ: " fmt, ## __VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+
+2. C types
+
+It should be common sense to use the right type, but we have collected
+a few useful guidelines here.
+
+2.1. Scalars
+
+If you're using "int" or "long", odds are good that there's a better type.
+If a variable is counting something, it should be declared with an
+unsigned type.
+
+If it's host memory-size related, size_t should be a good choice (use
+ssize_t only if required). Guest RAM memory offsets must use ram_addr_t,
+but only for RAM, it may not cover whole guest address space.
+
+If it's file-size related, use off_t.
+If it's file-offset related (i.e., signed), use off_t.
+If it's just counting small numbers use "unsigned int";
+(on all but oddball embedded systems, you can assume that that
+type is at least four bytes wide).
+
+In the event that you require a specific width, use a standard type
+like int32_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, etc. The specific types are
+mandatory for VMState fields.
+
+Don't use Linux kernel internal types like u32, __u32 or __le32.
+
+Use target_phys_addr_t for guest physical addresses except pcibus_t
+for PCI addresses. In addition, ram_addr_t is a QEMU internal address
+space that maps guest RAM physical addresses into an intermediate
+address space that can map to host virtual address spaces. Generally
+speaking, the size of guest memory can always fit into ram_addr_t but
+it would not be correct to store an actual guest physical address in a
+ram_addr_t.
+
+Use target_ulong (or abi_ulong) for CPU virtual addresses, however
+devices should not need to use target_ulong.
+
+Of course, take all of the above with a grain of salt. If you're about
+to use some system interface that requires a type like size_t, pid_t or
+off_t, use matching types for any corresponding variables.
+
+Also, if you try to use e.g., "unsigned int" as a type, and that
+conflicts with the signedness of a related variable, sometimes
+it's best just to use the *wrong* type, if "pulling the thread"
+and fixing all related variables would be too invasive.
+
+Finally, while using descriptive types is important, be careful not to
+go overboard. If whatever you're doing causes warnings, or requires
+casts, then reconsider or ask for help.
+
+2.2. Pointers
+
+Ensure that all of your pointers are "const-correct".
+Unless a pointer is used to modify the pointed-to storage,
+give it the "const" attribute. That way, the reader knows
+up-front that this is a read-only pointer. Perhaps more
+importantly, if we're diligent about this, when you see a non-const
+pointer, you're guaranteed that it is used to modify the storage
+it points to, or it is aliased to another pointer that is.
+
+2.3. Typedefs
+Typedefs are used to eliminate the redundant 'struct' keyword.
+
+2.4. Reserved namespaces in C and POSIX
+Underscore capital, double underscore, and underscore 't' suffixes should be
+avoided.