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+<div class="CHAPTER">
+<h1>
+<a name="XMLSEC-NOTES-TRANSFORMS"></a>Transforms and transforms chain.</h1>
+<p>XML Digital Signature and XML Encryption standards are
+ very flexible and provide an XML developer many different ways to
+ sign or encrypt any part (or even parts) of an XML document.
+ The key for such great flexibility is the "transforms" model.
+ Transform is defined as a method of pre-processing binary or XML data
+ before calculating digest or signature. XML Security Library extends
+ this definition and names "transform" any operation performed on
+ the data: reading data from an URI, xml parsing, xml transformation,
+ calculation digest, encrypting or decrypting. Each XML Security Library
+ transform provides at least one of the following callbacks:
+ </p>
+<p></p>
+<ul>
+<li><p> <a href="xmlsec-transforms.html#XMLSECTRANSFORMPUSHBINMETHOD">push binary data</a>;
+ </p></li>
+<li><p> <a href="xmlsec-transforms.html#XMLSECTRANSFORMPUSHXMLMETHOD">push xml data</a>;
+ </p></li>
+<li><p> <a href="xmlsec-transforms.html#XMLSECTRANSFORMPOPBINMETHOD">pop binary data</a>;
+ </p></li>
+<li><p> <a href="xmlsec-transforms.html#XMLSECTRANSFORMPOPXMLMETHOD">pop xml data</a>.
+ </p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>One additional <a href="xmlsec-transforms.html#XMLSECTRANSFORMEXECUTEMETHOD">execute</a>
+ callback was added to simplify the development and reduce code size.
+ This callback is used by default
+ implementations of the four external callbacks from the list above.
+ For example, most of the crypto transforms could be implemented by
+ just implementing one "execute" callback and using default push/pop
+ binary data callbacks. However, in some cases using push/pop callbacks
+ directly is more efficient.
+ </p>
+<div class="FIGURE">
+<a name="AEN470"></a><p><b>Figure 1. The XML Security Library transform.</b></p>
+<p><img src="images/transform.png" align="CENTER"></p>
+</div>
+<p>XML Security Library constructs transforms chain according to the
+ signature/encryption template or signed/encrypted document.
+ If necessary, XML Security Library inserts XML parser or defaul
+ canonicalization to ensure that the output data type (binary or XML)
+ of previous transform matches the input of the next transform.
+ </p>
+<p>The data are processed by pushing through or poping from the chain
+ depending on the transforms in the chain. For example, then binary
+ data chunk is pushed through a binary-to-binary transform, it
+ processes this chunk and pushes the result to the next transform
+ in the chain.
+ </p>
+<div class="FIGURE">
+<a name="AEN475"></a><p><b>Figure 2. Transforms chain created for &lt;dsig:Reference/&gt; element processing.</b></p>
+<p><img src="images/transforms-chain.png" align="CENTER"></p>
+</div>
+<p> </p>
+<div class="EXAMPLE">
+<a name="AEN479"></a><p><b>Example 1. Walking through transforms chain.</b></p>
+<pre class="PROGRAMLISTING">TODO
+ </pre>
+</div>
+ </div>
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