Imported Upstream version 1.9.3.p194upstream/1.9.3.p194

131 files changed, 7863 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sample/README b/sample/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1b9532
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/README
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+README		this file
+biorhythm.rb	biorhythm calculator
+cal.rb		cal(1) clone
+cbreak.rb	no echo done by ioctl
+clnt.rb		socket client
+coverage.rb	simple test code coverage tool
+dir.rb		directory access
+dualstack-fetch.rb	IPv6 demo
+dualstack-httpd.rb	IPv6 demo
+eval.rb		simple evaluator
+export.rb	method access example
+exyacc.rb	extrace BNF from yacc file
+fact.rb		factorial calculator
+fib.awk		Fibonacci number (AWK)
+fib.pl		Fibonacci number (Perl)
+fib.py		Fibonacci number (Python)
+fib.rb		Fibonacci number (Ruby)
+fib.scm		Fibonacci number (Scheme)
+freq.rb		count word occurrence
+from.rb		scan mail spool
+fullpath.rb	convert ls -lR to fullpath format
+less.rb		front end for less
+list.rb		stupid object sample
+list2.rb	stupid object sample
+list3.rb	stupid object sample
+mine.rb		simple mine sweeper	
+mkproto.rb	extract prototype from C
+mpart.rb	split file int multi part
+observ.rb	observer design pattern sample
+occur.pl	count word occurrence (Perl)
+occur.rb	count word occurrence (Ruby)
+occur2.rb	count word occurrence - another style
+philos.rb	famous dining philosophers
+pi.rb		calculate PI
+rcs.awk		random character stereogram (AWK)
+rcs.rb		random character stereogram (Ruby)
+rcs.dat		data for random character stereogram
+sieve.rb	sieve of Eratosthenes
+svr.rb		socket server
+test.rb		test suite used by `make test'
+time.rb		/usr/bin/time clone
+timeout.rb	timeout test
+trojan.rb	simple tool to find file that may be trojan horse.
+tsvr.rb		socket server using thread
+uumerge.rb	merge files and uudecode them
diff --git a/sample/biorhythm.rb b/sample/biorhythm.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d5bf63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/biorhythm.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+#
+#               biorhythm.rb -
+#                       $Release Version: $
+#                       $Revision: 31573 $
+#                       by Yasuo OHBA(STAFS Development Room)
+#
+# --
+#
+#
+#
+
+# probably based on:
+#
+# Newsgroups: comp.sources.misc,de.comp.sources.os9
+# From: fkk@stasys.sta.sub.org (Frank Kaefer)
+# Subject: v41i126:  br - Biorhythm v3.0, Part01/01
+# Message-ID: <1994Feb1.070616.15982@sparky.sterling.com>
+# Sender: kent@sparky.sterling.com (Kent Landfield)
+# Organization: Sterling Software
+# Date: Tue, 1 Feb 1994 07:06:16 GMT
+#
+# Posting-number: Volume 41, Issue 126
+# Archive-name: br/part01
+# Environment: basic, dos, os9
+
+include Math
+require "date.rb"
+require "optparse"
+require "optparse/date"
+
+def print_header(y, m, d, p, w)
+  print "\n>>> Biorhythm <<<\n"
+  printf "The birthday %04d.%02d.%02d is a %s\n", y, m, d, w
+  printf "Age in days: [%d]\n\n", p
+end
+
+def get_position(z)
+  pi = Math::PI
+  z = Integer(z)
+  phys = (50.0 * (1.0 + sin((z / 23.0 - (z / 23)) * 360.0 * pi / 180.0))).to_i
+  emot = (50.0 * (1.0 + sin((z / 28.0 - (z / 28)) * 360.0 * pi / 180.0))).to_i
+  geist =(50.0 * (1.0 + sin((z / 33.0 - (z / 33)) * 360.0 * pi / 180.0))).to_i
+  return phys, emot, geist
+end
+
+def prompt(msg)
+  $stderr.print msg
+  return gets.chomp
+end
+
+#
+# main program
+#
+options = {
+  :graph => true,
+  :date  => Date.today,
+  :days  => 9,
+}
+ARGV.options do |opts|
+  opts.on("-b", "--birthday=DATE", Date, "specify your birthday"){|v|
+    options[:birthday] = v
+  }
+  opts.on("--date=DATE", Date, "specify date to show"){|v|
+    options[:date] = v
+  }
+  opts.on("-g", "--show-graph", TrueClass, "show graph (default)"){|v|
+    options[:graph] = v
+  }
+  opts.on("-v", "--show-values", TrueClass, "show values"){|v|
+    options[:graph] = !v
+  }
+  opts.on("--days=DAYS", Integer, "graph range (only in effect for graph)"){|v|
+    options[:days] = v - 1
+  }
+  opts.on_tail("-h", "--help", "show this message"){puts opts; exit}
+  begin
+    opts.parse!
+  rescue => ex
+    puts "Error: #{ex.message}"
+    puts opts
+    exit
+  end
+end
+
+bd = options[:birthday] || Date.parse(prompt("Your birthday (YYYYMMDD): "))
+dd = options[:date] || Date.today
+ausgabeart = options[:graph] ? "g" : "v"
+display_period = options[:days]
+
+if ausgabeart == "v"
+  print_header(bd.year, bd.month, bd.day, dd - bd, bd.strftime("%a"))
+  print "\n"
+
+  phys, emot, geist = get_position(dd - bd)
+  printf "Biorhythm:   %04d.%02d.%02d\n", dd.year, dd.month, dd.day
+  printf "Physical:    %d%%\n", phys
+  printf "Emotional:   %d%%\n", emot
+  printf "Mental:      %d%%\n", geist
+  print "\n"
+else
+  print_header(bd.year, bd.month, bd.day, dd - bd, bd.strftime("%a"))
+  print "                     P=physical, E=emotional, M=mental\n"
+  print "             -------------------------+-------------------------\n"
+  print "                     Bad Condition    |    Good Condition\n"
+  print "             -------------------------+-------------------------\n"
+
+  (dd - bd).step(dd - bd + display_period) do |z|
+    phys, emot, geist = get_position(z)
+
+    printf "%04d.%02d.%02d : ", dd.year, dd.month, dd.day
+    p = (phys / 2.0 + 0.5).to_i
+    e = (emot / 2.0 + 0.5).to_i
+    g = (geist / 2.0 + 0.5).to_i
+    graph = "." * 51
+    graph[25] = ?|
+    graph[p] = ?P
+    graph[e] = ?E
+    graph[g] = ?M
+    print graph, "\n"
+    dd = dd + 1
+  end
+  print "             -------------------------+-------------------------\n\n"
+end
diff --git a/sample/cal.rb b/sample/cal.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3876574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/cal.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+
+# cal.rb: Written by Tadayoshi Funaba 1998-2004,2006,2008
+# $Id: cal.rb,v 2.11 2008-01-06 08:42:17+09 tadf Exp $
+
+require 'date'
+
+class Cal
+
+  START =
+    {
+    'cn' => Date::GREGORIAN, # China
+    'de' => 2342032,         # Germany (protestant states)
+    'dk' => 2342032,         # Denmark
+    'es' => 2299161,         # Spain
+    'fi' => 2361390,         # Finland
+    'fr' => 2299227,         # France
+    'gb' => 2361222,         # United Kingdom
+    'gr' => 2423868,         # Greece
+    'hu' => 2301004,         # Hungary
+    'it' => 2299161,         # Italy
+    'jp' => Date::GREGORIAN, # Japan
+    'no' => 2342032,         # Norway
+    'pl' => 2299161,         # Poland
+    'pt' => 2299161,         # Portugal
+    'ru' => 2421639,         # Russia
+    'se' => 2361390,         # Sweden
+    'us' => 2361222,         # United States
+    'os' => Date::JULIAN,    # (old style)
+    'ns' => Date::GREGORIAN  # (new style)
+  }
+
+  DEFAULT_START = 'gb'
+
+  def initialize
+    opt_j; opt_m; opt_t; opt_y; opt_c
+  end
+
+  def opt_j(flag=false) @opt_j = flag end
+  def opt_m(flag=false) @opt_m = flag end
+  def opt_t(flag=false) @opt_t = flag end
+  def opt_y(flag=false) @opt_y = flag end
+
+  def opt_c(arg=DEFAULT_START) @start = START[arg] end
+
+  def set_params
+    @dw = if @opt_j then 3 else 2 end
+    @mw = (@dw + 1) * 7 - 1
+    @mn = if @opt_j then 2 else 3 end
+    @tw = (@mw + 2) * @mn - 2
+    @k  = if @opt_m then 1 else 0 end
+    @da = if @opt_j then :yday else :mday end
+  end
+
+  def pict(y, m)
+    d = (1..31).detect{|x| Date.valid_date?(y, m, x, @start)}
+    fi = Date.new(y, m, d, @start)
+    fi -= (fi.jd - @k + 1) % 7
+
+    ve  = (fi..fi +  6).collect{|cu|
+      %w(S M Tu W Th F S)[cu.wday]
+    }
+    ve += (fi..fi + 41).collect{|cu|
+      if cu.mon == m then cu.send(@da) end.to_s
+    }
+
+    ve = ve.collect{|e| e.rjust(@dw)}
+
+    gr = group(ve, 7)
+    gr = trans(gr) if @opt_t
+    ta = gr.collect{|xs| xs.join(' ')}
+
+    ca = %w(January February March April May June July
+	    August September October November December)[m - 1]
+    ca = ca + ' ' + y.to_s if !@opt_y
+    ca = ca.center(@mw)
+
+    ta.unshift(ca)
+  end
+
+  def group(xs, n)
+    (0..xs.size / n - 1).collect{|i| xs[i * n, n]}
+  end
+
+  def trans(xs)
+    (0..xs[0].size - 1).collect{|i| xs.collect{|x| x[i]}}
+  end
+
+  def stack(xs)
+    if xs.empty? then [] else xs[0] + stack(xs[1..-1]) end
+  end
+
+  def block(xs, n)
+    stack(group(xs, n).collect{|ys| trans(ys).collect{|zs| zs.join('  ')}})
+  end
+
+  def unlines(xs)
+    xs.collect{|x| x + "\n"}.join
+  end
+
+  def monthly(y, m)
+    unlines(pict(y, m))
+  end
+
+  def addmon(y, m, n)
+    y, m = (y * 12 + (m - 1) + n).divmod(12)
+    return y, m + 1
+  end
+
+  def yearly(y)
+    y.to_s.center(@tw) + "\n\n" +
+      unlines(block((0..11).collect{|n| pict(*addmon(y, 1, n))}, @mn)) + "\n"
+  end
+
+  def print(y, m)
+    set_params
+    if @opt_y then yearly(y) else monthly(y, m) end
+  end
+
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+
+  require 'getoptlong'
+
+  def usage
+    warn 'usage: cal [-c iso3166] [-jmty] [[month] year]'
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  cal = Cal.new
+
+  begin
+    GetoptLong.new(['-c', GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT],
+		   ['-j', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT],
+		   ['-m', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT],
+		   ['-t', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT],
+		   ['-y', GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT]).
+    each do |opt, arg|
+      case opt
+      when '-c'; cal.opt_c(arg) || raise
+      when '-j'; cal.opt_j(true)
+      when '-m'; cal.opt_m(true)
+      when '-t'; cal.opt_t(true)
+      when '-y'; cal.opt_y(true)
+      end
+    end
+  rescue
+    usage
+  end
+
+  y, m = ARGV.values_at(1, 0).compact.collect{|x| x.to_i}
+  cal.opt_y(true) if y && !m
+
+  to = Date.today
+  y ||= to.year
+  m ||= to.mon
+
+  usage unless m >= 1 && m <= 12
+  usage unless y >= -4712
+
+  print cal.print(y, m)
+
+end
+
+# See Bird & Wadler's Introduction to functional programming 4.5.
diff --git a/sample/cbreak.rb b/sample/cbreak.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76b534a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/cbreak.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# ioctl example works on Sun
+
+CBREAK = 0x00000002
+ECHO = 0x00000008
+TIOCGETP = 0x40067408
+TIOCSETP = 0x80067409
+
+def cbreak ()
+  set_cbreak(true)
+end
+
+def cooked ()
+  set_cbreak(false)
+end
+
+def set_cbreak (on)
+  tty = "\0" * 256
+  STDIN.ioctl(TIOCGETP, tty)
+  ttys = tty.unpack("C4 S")
+  if on
+    ttys[4] |= CBREAK
+    ttys[4] &= ~ECHO
+  else
+    ttys[4] &= ~CBREAK
+    ttys[4] |= ECHO
+  end
+  tty = ttys.pack("C4 S")
+  STDIN.ioctl(TIOCSETP, tty)
+end
+cbreak();
+
+print("this is no-echo line: ");
+readline().print
+cooked();
+print("this is echo line: ");
+readline()
diff --git a/sample/clnt.rb b/sample/clnt.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f3d17b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/clnt.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# socket example - client side
+# usage: ruby clnt.rb [host] port
+
+require "socket"
+
+if ARGV.length >= 2
+  host = ARGV.shift
+else
+  host = "localhost"
+end
+print("Trying ", host, " ...")
+STDOUT.flush
+s = TCPSocket.open(host, ARGV.shift)
+print(" done\n")
+print("addr: ", s.addr.join(":"), "\n")
+print("peer: ", s.peeraddr.join(":"), "\n")
+while line = gets()
+  s.write(line)
+  print(s.readline)
+end
+s.close
diff --git a/sample/coverage.rb b/sample/coverage.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e15f99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/coverage.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+require "coverage.so"
+
+Coverage.start
+
+ext = ENV["COVERUBY_EXT"] || ".cov"
+accum = ENV["COVERUBY_ACCUM"]
+accum = !accum || accum == "" || !(%w(f n 0).include?(accum[0]))
+pwd = Dir.pwd
+
+at_exit do
+  exit_exc = $!
+  Dir.chdir(pwd) do
+    Coverage.result.each do |sfile, covs|
+      cfile = sfile + ext
+
+      writable = proc do |f|
+        File.writable?(f) || File.writable?(File.dirname(f))
+      end
+      unless writable[cfile]
+        cfile = cfile.gsub(File.PATH_SEPARATOR, "#")
+        next unless writable[cfile]
+      end
+
+      readlines = proc do |f|
+        File.read(f).force_encoding("ASCII-8BIT").lines.to_a
+      end
+
+      sources = (readlines[sfile] rescue [])
+
+      pcovs = []
+      if accum
+        pcovs = (readlines[cfile] rescue []).map.with_index do |line, idx|
+          if line[/^\s*(?:(#####)|(\d+)|-):\s*\d+:(.*)$/n]
+            cov, line = $1 ? 0 : ($2 ? $2.to_i : nil), $3
+            if !sources[idx] || sources[idx].chomp != line.chomp
+              warn("source file changed, ignoring: `#{ cfile }'")
+              break []
+            end
+            cov
+          else
+	    p line
+            warn("coverage file corrupted, ignoring: #{ cfile }")
+            break []
+          end
+        end
+        unless pcovs.empty? || pcovs.size == covs.size
+          warn("coverage file changed, ignoring: `#{ cfile }'")
+          pcovs = []
+        end
+      end
+
+      open(cfile, "w") do |out|
+        covs.zip(sources, pcovs).each_with_index do |(cov, line, pcov), idx|
+          cov += pcov || 0 if cov
+          cov = (cov ? (cov == 0 ? "#####" : cov.to_s) : "-").rjust(9)
+          out.puts("%s:% 5d:%s" % [cov, idx + 1, line])
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  raise exit_exc if exit_exc
+end
diff --git a/sample/dir.rb b/sample/dir.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b627383
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/dir.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# directory access
+# list all files but .*/*~/*.o
+dirp = Dir.open(".")
+for f in dirp
+  case f
+  when /^\./, /~$/, /\.o/
+    # do not print
+  else
+    print f, "\n"
+  end
+end
+dirp.close
diff --git a/sample/drb/README.rd b/sample/drb/README.rd
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cf1f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/README.rd
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+= Sample scripts
+
+* array and iteretor
+  * darray.rb --- server
+  * darrayc.rb --- client
+
+* simple chat
+  * dchats.rb --- server
+  * dchatc.rb --- client
+
+* distributed chasen (for Japanese)
+  * dhasen.rb --- server
+  * dhasenc.rb --- client
+
+* simple log server
+  * dlogd.rb --- server
+  * dlogc.rb --- client
+
+* Queue server, and DRbUnknown demo
+  * dqueue.rb --- server
+  * dqin.rb --- client. push DQEntry objects.
+  * dqout.rb --- client. pop DQEntry objects.
+  * dqlib.rb --- define DQEntry
+
+* IdConv customize demo: reference by name 
+  * name.rb --- server
+  * namec.rb --- client
+
+* extserv
+  * extserv_test.rb
+
+* IdConv customize demo 2: using TimerIdConv
+  * holders.rb --- server
+  * holderc.rb --- client
+
+* rinda, remote tuplespace
+  * rinda_ts.rb --- TupleSpace server.
+  * rindas.rb --- provide simple service via TupleSpace.
+  * rindac.rb --- service user
+
+* observer
+  cdbiff - ((<URI:http://namazu.org/~satoru/cdbiff/>))
+  * dbiff.rb --- dcdbiff server
+  * dcdbiff.rb --- dcdbiff client
+
+* drbssl
+  * drbssl_s.rb
+  * drbssl_c.rb
+  
+* add DRbProtocl
+  * http0.rb
+  * http0serv.rb
+
+* Rinda::Ring
+  * ring_place.rb
+  * ring_echo.rb
diff --git a/sample/drb/README.rd.ja b/sample/drb/README.rd.ja
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04143b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/README.rd.ja
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+= ¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¥¹¥¯¥ê¥×¥È
+
+* Array¤ò¥ê¥â¡¼¥È¤«¤éÍøÍѤ·¤Æ¥¤¥Æ¥ì¡¼¥¿¤ò»î¤¹¡£
+  * darray.rb --- server
+  * darrayc.rb --- client
+
+* ´Ê°×¥Á¥ã¥Ã¥È
+  * dchats.rb --- server
+  * dchatc.rb --- client
+
+* ʬ»¶chasen
+  * dhasen.rb --- server
+  * dhasenc.rb --- client
+
+* ´Ê°×¥í¥°¥µ¡¼¥Ð
+  * dlogd.rb --- server
+  * dlogc.rb --- client
+
+* Queue¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡£
+  ¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥Èdqin.rb¤ÏQueue¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤ÎÃΤé¤Ê¤¤¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È(DQEntry)¤ò
+  push¤¹¤ë¤¬DRbUnknown¤Ë¤è¤ê¥¯¥é¥¤¥¢¥ó¥Èdqout.rb¤¬pop¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£
+  * dqueue.rb --- server
+  * dqin.rb --- client¡£DQEntry¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤òpush¤¹¤ë
+  * dqout.rb --- client¡£DQEntry¥ª¥Ö¥¸¥§¥¯¥È¤òpop¤¹¤ë
+  * dqlib.rb --- DQEntry¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤¿¥é¥¤¥Ö¥é¥ê
+
+* ̾Á°¤Ë¤è¤ë»²¾È
+  IdConv¤ò¥«¥¹¥¿¥Þ¥¤¥º¤·¤Æid¤Ç¤Ê¤¯Ì¾Á°¤Ç»²¾È¤¹¤ëÎã
+  * name.rb --- server
+  * namec.rb --- client
+
+* extserv¤Î¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë
+  * extserv_test.rb
+
+* TimerIdConv¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã
+  * holders.rb --- server¡£ruby -d hodlers.rb¤È¤¹¤ë¤ÈTimerIdConv¤ò»ÈÍѤ¹¤ë¡£
+  * holderc.rb --- client
+
+* rinda.rb¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã
+  * rinda_ts.rb --- TupleSpace¥µ¡¼¥Ð¡£
+  * rindac.rb --- TupleSpace¤Îclient¤Ç¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Îclient
+  * rindas.rb --- TupleSpace¤Îclient¤Ç¥¢¥×¥ê¥±¡¼¥·¥ç¥ó¤Îserver
+
+* observer¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã
+  cdbiff - ((<URI:http://namazu.org/~satoru/cdbiff/>))
+  * dbiff.rb --- dcdbiff server
+  * dcdbiff.rb --- dcdbiff client
+
+* drbssl¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã
+  * drbssl_s.rb
+  * drbssl_c.rb
+
+* DRbProtocl¤ÎÄɲÃÎã
+  * http0.rb
+  * http0serv.rb
+
+* ring¤Î»ÈÍÑÎã
+  * ring_place.rb
+  * ring_echo.rb
diff --git a/sample/drb/darray.rb b/sample/drb/darray.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2ac395
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/darray.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- Array
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+here = ARGV.shift
+DRb.start_service(here, [1, 2, "III", 4, "five", 6])
+puts DRb.uri
+DRb.thread.join
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/darrayc.rb b/sample/drb/darrayc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..579e115
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/darrayc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- Array client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service(nil, nil)
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+p ro.size
+
+puts "# collect"
+a = ro.collect { |x|
+  x + x
+}
+p a
+
+puts "# find"
+p ro.find { |x| x.kind_of? String }
+
+puts "# each, break"
+ro.each do |x|
+  next if x == "five"
+  puts x
+end
+
+puts "# each, break"
+ro.each do |x|
+  break if x == "five"
+  puts x
+end
+
+puts "# each, next"
+ro.each do |x|
+  next if x == "five"
+  puts x
+end
+
+puts "# each, redo"
+count = 0
+ro.each do |x|
+  count += 1
+  puts count
+  redo if count == 3
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/dbiff.rb b/sample/drb/dbiff.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b50edc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dbiff.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#
+# dbiff.rb - distributed cdbiff (server)
+#  * original: cdbiff by Satoru Takabayashi <http://namazu.org/~satoru/cdbiff>
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/eq'
+require 'drb/observer'
+
+class Biff
+  include DRb::DRbObservable
+
+  def initialize(filename, interval)
+    super()
+    @filename = filename
+    @interval = interval
+  end
+
+  def run
+    last = Time.now
+    while true
+      begin
+	sleep(@interval)
+	current = File::mtime(@filename)
+	if current > last
+	  changed
+	  begin
+	    notify_observers(@filename, current)
+	  rescue Error
+	  end
+	  last = current
+	end
+      rescue
+	next
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def main
+  filename = "/var/mail/#{ENV['USER']}"
+  interval = 15
+  uri = 'druby://:19903'
+
+  biff = Biff.new(filename, interval)
+
+  DRb.start_service(uri, biff)
+  biff.run
+end
+
+main
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/dcdbiff.rb b/sample/drb/dcdbiff.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a24680
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dcdbiff.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#
+# dcdbiff.rb - distributed cdbiff (client)
+#  * original: cdbiff by Satoru Takabayashi <http://namazu.org/~satoru/cdbiff>
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/eq'
+
+class Notify
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(biff, command)
+    @biff = biff
+    @command = command
+
+    @biff.add_observer(self)
+  end
+
+  def update(filename, time)
+    p [filename, time] if $DEBUG
+    system(@command)
+  end
+
+  def done
+    begin
+      @biff.delete_observer(self)
+    rescue
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+def main
+  command = 'eject'
+  uri = 'druby://localhost:19903'
+
+  DRb.start_service
+  biff = DRbObject.new(nil, uri)
+  notify = Notify.new(biff, command)
+
+  trap("INT"){ notify.done }
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
+main
diff --git a/sample/drb/dchatc.rb b/sample/drb/dchatc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b8ddbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dchatc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- chat client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class ChatClient
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(name)
+    @name = name
+    @key = nil
+  end
+  attr_reader(:name)
+  attr_accessor(:key)
+
+  def message(there, str)
+    raise 'invalid key' unless @key == there
+    puts str
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  begin
+    there = ARGV.shift
+    name = ARGV.shift
+    raise "usage" unless (there and name)
+  rescue
+    $stderr.puts("usage: #{$0} <server_uri> <your_name>")
+    exit 1
+  end
+  DRb.start_service
+  ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+
+  chat = ChatClient.new(name)
+  entry = ro.add_member(chat)
+  while gets
+    entry.say($_)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/dchats.rb b/sample/drb/dchats.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccb2c7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dchats.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- chat server
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+require 'thread'
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class ChatEntry
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(server, there)
+    @server = server
+    @there = there
+    @name = there.name
+    @key = there.key = Time.now
+  end
+  attr :name, true
+  attr :there
+
+  def say(str)
+    @server.distribute(@there, str)
+  end
+
+  def listen(str)
+    @there.message(@key, str)
+  end
+end
+
+
+class ChatServer
+  def initialize
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+    @members = {}
+  end
+
+  def add_member(there)
+    client = ChatEntry.new(self, there)
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      @members[there] = client
+    end
+    client
+  end
+
+  def distribute(there, str)
+    name = @members[there].name
+    msg = "<#{name}> #{str}"
+    msg2 = ">#{name}< #{str}"
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      for m in @members.keys
+	begin
+	  if m == there
+	    @members[m].listen(msg2)
+	   else
+	    @members[m].listen(msg)
+	  end
+	rescue
+	  p $!
+	  @members.delete(m)
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  here = ARGV.shift
+  DRb.start_service(here, ChatServer.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/dhasen.rb b/sample/drb/dhasen.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..651b9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dhasen.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Server --- chasen server
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+=begin
+ How to play.
+
+ Terminal 1
+ | % ruby dhasen.rb
+ | druby://yourhost:7640
+
+ Terminal 2
+ | % ruby dhasenc.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'chasen'
+require 'thread'
+
+class Dhasen
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+  end
+
+  def sparse(str, *arg)
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      Chasen.getopt(*arg)
+      Chasen.sparse(str)
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  DRb.start_service(nil, Dhasen.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/dhasenc.rb b/sample/drb/dhasenc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44e58ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dhasenc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# -*- encoding: euc-jp -*-
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Client -- chasen client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+DRb.start_service
+dhasen = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+
+print dhasen.sparse("ËÜÆü¤Ï¡¢À²Å·¤Ê¤ê¡£", "-F", '(%BB %m %M)\n', "-j")
+print dhasen.sparse("ËÜÆü¤Ï¡¢À²Å·¤Ê¤ê¡£", "-F", '(%m %M)\n')
diff --git a/sample/drb/dlogc.rb b/sample/drb/dlogc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3939a71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dlogc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- Log test
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+ro.log(123)
+ro.log("hello")
+sleep 2
+ro.log("wakeup")
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/dlogd.rb b/sample/drb/dlogd.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef7ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dlogd.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- Log server
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'thread'
+
+class Logger
+  def initialize(fname)
+    @fname = fname.to_s
+    @fp = File.open(@fname, "a+")
+    @queue = Queue.new
+    @th = Thread.new { self.flush }
+  end
+
+  def log(str)
+    @queue.push("#{Time.now}\t" + str.to_s)
+  end
+
+  def flush
+    begin
+      while(1)
+	@fp.puts(@queue.pop)
+	@fp.flush
+      end
+    ensure
+      @fp.close
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  here = ARGV.shift
+  DRb.start_service(here, Logger.new('/usr/tmp/dlogd.log'))
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/dqin.rb b/sample/drb/dqin.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4751335
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dqin.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- store
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'dqlib'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service
+queue = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+queue.push(DQEntry.new(DRb.uri))
diff --git a/sample/drb/dqlib.rb b/sample/drb/dqlib.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75f2e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dqlib.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+class DQEntry
+  def initialize(name)
+    @name = name
+  end
+
+  def greeting
+    "Hello, This is #{@name}."
+  end
+  alias to_s greeting
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  puts DQEntry.new('DQEntry')
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/dqout.rb b/sample/drb/dqout.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2b0b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dqout.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- fetch
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'dqlib'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service
+queue = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+entry = queue.pop
+puts entry.greeting
diff --git a/sample/drb/dqueue.rb b/sample/drb/dqueue.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c8878c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/dqueue.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- Queue
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'thread'
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+DRb.start_service(nil, Queue.new)
+puts DRb.uri
+DRb.thread.join
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbc.rb b/sample/drb/drbc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50a86c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class DRbEx2
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(n)
+    @n = n
+  end
+
+  def to_i
+    @n.to_i
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  there = ARGV.shift
+  unless there
+    $stderr.puts("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  DRb.start_service()
+  ro = DRbObject.new_with_uri(there)
+
+  puts ro
+  p ro.to_a
+  puts ro.hello
+  p ro.hello
+  puts ro.sample(DRbEx2.new(1), 2, 3)
+  puts ro.sample(1, ro.sample(DRbEx2.new(1), 2, 3), DRbEx2.new(3))
+
+  begin
+    ro.err
+  rescue DRb::DRbUnknownError
+    p $!
+    p $!.unknown
+  rescue RuntimeError
+    p $!
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbch.rb b/sample/drb/drbch.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07fdcd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbch.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/http'
+
+class DRbEx2
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(n)
+    @n = n
+  end
+
+  def to_i
+    @n.to_i
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  there = ARGV.shift
+  unless there
+    $stderr.puts("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  DRb::DRbConn.proxy_map['x68k'] = 'http://x68k/~mas/http_cgi.rb'
+
+  DRb.start_service()
+  ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+
+  puts ro
+  p ro.to_a
+  puts ro.hello
+  p ro.hello
+  puts ro.sample(DRbEx2.new(1), 2, 3)
+  puts ro.sample(1, ro.sample(DRbEx2.new(1), 2, 3), DRbEx2.new(3))
+
+  begin
+    ro.err
+  rescue DRb::DRbUnknownError
+    p $!
+    p $!.unknown
+  rescue RuntimeError
+    p $!
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbm.rb b/sample/drb/drbm.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3390608
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbm.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+=begin
+ multiple DRbServer
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+=begin
+ How to play.
+
+ Terminal 1
+ | % ruby drbm.rb
+ | druby://yourhost:7640 druby://yourhost:7641
+
+ Terminal 2
+ | % ruby drbmc.rb druby://yourhost:7640 druby://yourhost:7641
+ | [#<DRb::DRbObject .... @uri="druby://yourhost:7640">, "FOO"]
+ | [#<DRb::DRbObject .... @uri="druby://yourhost:7641">, "FOO"]
+
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class Hoge
+  include DRbUndumped
+  def initialize(s)
+    @str = s
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    @str
+  end
+end
+
+class Foo
+  def initialize(s='FOO')
+    @hoge = Hoge.new(s)
+  end
+
+  def hello
+    @hoge
+  end
+end
+
+class Bar < Foo
+  def initialize(foo)
+    @hoge = foo.hello
+  end
+end
+
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  foo = Foo.new
+  s1 = DRb::DRbServer.new('druby://:7640', foo)
+  s2 = DRb::DRbServer.new('druby://:7641', Bar.new(foo))
+
+  puts "#{s1.uri} #{s2.uri}"
+
+  s1.thread.join
+  s2.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbmc.rb b/sample/drb/drbmc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fd19140
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbmc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+=begin
+  multiple DRbServer client
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2002 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  s1 = ARGV.shift
+  s2 = ARGV.shift
+  unless s1 && s2
+    $stderr.puts("usage: #{$0} <server_uri1> <server_uri2>")
+    exit 1
+  end
+
+  DRb.start_service()
+  r1 = DRbObject.new(nil, s1)
+  r2 = DRbObject.new(nil, s2)
+
+  p [r1.hello, r1.hello.to_s]
+  p [r2.hello, r2.hello.to_s]
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbs-acl.rb b/sample/drb/drbs-acl.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71c4f7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbs-acl.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Server
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+=begin
+ How to play.
+
+ Terminal 1
+ | % ruby drbs.rb
+ | druby://yourhost:7640
+
+ Terminal 2
+ | % ruby drbc.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+ | "hello"
+ | 6
+ | 10
+
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'acl'
+
+class DRbEx
+  def initialize
+    @hello = 'hello'
+  end
+
+  def hello
+    info = Thread.current['DRb']
+    p info['socket'].peeraddr if info
+    @hello
+  end
+
+  def sample(a, b, c)
+    a.to_i + b.to_i + c.to_i
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  acl = ACL.new(%w(deny all
+                   allow 192.168.1.*
+                   allow localhost))
+
+  DRb.install_acl(acl)
+
+  DRb.start_service(nil, DRbEx.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbs.rb b/sample/drb/drbs.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a913d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbs.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- dRuby Sample Server
+ 	Copyright (c) 1999-2000,2002 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+=begin
+ How to play.
+
+ Terminal 1
+ | % ruby drbs.rb
+ | druby://yourhost:7640
+
+ Terminal 2
+ | % ruby drbc.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+ | "hello"
+ | ....
+
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class DRbEx
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize
+    @hello = 'hello'
+  end
+
+  def hello
+    cntxt = Thread.current['DRb']
+    if cntxt
+      p cntxt['server'].uri
+      p cntxt['client'].peeraddr
+    end
+    Foo::Unknown.new
+  end
+
+  def err
+    raise FooError
+  end
+
+  def sample(a, b, c)
+    a.to_i + b.to_i + c.to_i
+  end
+end
+
+class Foo
+  class Unknown
+  end
+end
+
+class FooError < RuntimeError
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  DRb.start_service(ARGV.shift || 'druby://:7640', DRbEx.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  Thread.new do
+    sleep 10
+    DRb.stop_service
+  end
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbssl_c.rb b/sample/drb/drbssl_c.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..65112f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbssl_c.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'drb'
+require 'drb/ssl'
+
+there = ARGV.shift || "drbssl://localhost:3456"
+
+config = Hash.new
+config[:SSLVerifyMode] = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+config[:SSLVerifyCallback] = lambda{|ok,x509_store|
+  p [ok, x509_store.error_string]
+  true
+}
+
+DRb.start_service(nil,nil,config)
+h = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+while line = gets
+  p h.hello(line.chomp)
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/drbssl_s.rb b/sample/drb/drbssl_s.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d96f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/drbssl_s.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'drb'
+require 'drb/ssl'
+
+here = ARGV.shift || "drbssl://localhost:3456"
+
+class HelloWorld
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def hello(name)
+    "Hello, #{name}."
+  end
+end
+
+config = Hash.new
+config[:verbose] = true
+begin
+  data = open("sample.key"){|io| io.read }
+  config[:SSLPrivateKey] = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(data)
+  data = open("sample.crt"){|io| io.read }
+  config[:SSLCertificate] = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(data)
+rescue
+  $stderr.puts "Switching to use self-signed certificate"
+  config[:SSLCertName] =
+    [ ["C","JP"], ["O","Foo.DRuby.Org"], ["CN", "Sample"] ]
+end
+
+DRb.start_service(here, HelloWorld.new, config)
+puts DRb.uri
+DRb.thread.join
diff --git a/sample/drb/extserv_test.rb b/sample/drb/extserv_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c4f485
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/extserv_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+=begin
+ dRuby sample
+ 	Copyright (c) 2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+
+= How to play
+
+* Terminal 1
+
+  % ruby -I. extserv_test.rb server
+  druby://yourhost:12345
+
+* Terminal 2
+
+  % ruby -I. extserv_test.rb druby://yourhost:12345
+  ...
+
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+def ARGV.shift
+  it = super()
+  raise "usage:\nserver: #{$0} server [<uri>]\nclient: #{$0} [quit] <uri>" unless it
+  it
+end
+
+class Foo
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(str)
+    @str = str
+  end
+
+  def hello(it)
+    "#{it}: #{self}"
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    @str
+  end
+end
+
+cmd = ARGV.shift
+case cmd
+when 'itest1', 'itest2'
+  require 'drb/extserv'
+
+  front = Foo.new(cmd)
+  server = DRb::DRbServer.new(nil, front)
+  es = DRb::ExtServ.new(ARGV.shift, ARGV.shift, server)
+  server.thread.join
+
+when 'server'
+  require 'drb/extservm'
+
+  DRb::ExtServManager.command['itest1'] = "ruby -I. #{$0} itest1"
+  DRb::ExtServManager.command['itest2'] = "ruby -I. #{$0} itest2"
+
+  s = DRb::ExtServManager.new
+  DRb.start_service(ARGV.shift, s)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+
+
+else
+  uri = (cmd == 'quit') ? ARGV.shift : cmd
+
+  DRb.start_service
+  s = DRbObject.new(nil, uri)
+  t1 = s.service('itest1').front
+  puts t1
+  t2 = s.service('itest2').front
+  puts t2
+  puts t1.hello(t2)
+  if (cmd == 'quit')
+    s.service('itest1').stop_service
+    s.service('itest2').stop_service
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/gw_ct.rb b/sample/drb/gw_ct.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0622784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/gw_ct.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class Foo
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def foo(n)
+    n + n
+  end
+
+  def bar(n)
+    yield(n) + yield(n)
+  end
+end
+
+DRb.start_service(nil)
+puts DRb.uri
+
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, ARGV.shift)
+ro[:tcp] = Foo.new
+gets
+
+it = ro[:unix]
+p [it, it.foo(1)]
+gets
+
+p it.bar('2') {|n| n * 3}
+gets
+
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/gw_cu.rb b/sample/drb/gw_cu.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e5ed36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/gw_cu.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/unix'
+
+class Foo
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def foo(n)
+    n + n
+  end
+
+  def bar(n)
+    yield(n) + yield(n)
+  end
+end
+
+DRb.start_service('drubyunix:', nil)
+puts DRb.uri
+
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, ARGV.shift)
+ro[:unix] = Foo.new
+gets
+
+it = ro[:tcp]
+p [it, it.foo(1)]
+gets
+
+p it.bar('2') {|n| n * 3}
+gets
diff --git a/sample/drb/gw_s.rb b/sample/drb/gw_s.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2bea0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/gw_s.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/unix'
+require 'drb/gw'
+
+DRb.install_id_conv(DRb::GWIdConv.new)
+gw = DRb::GW.new
+s1 = DRb::DRbServer.new(ARGV.shift, gw)
+s2 = DRb::DRbServer.new(ARGV.shift, gw)
+s1.thread.join
+s2.thread.join
diff --git a/sample/drb/holderc.rb b/sample/drb/holderc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e627916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/holderc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+begin
+  there = ARGV.shift || raise
+rescue
+  $stderr.puts("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+  exit 1
+end
+
+DRb.start_service()
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+
+ary = []
+10.times do
+  ary.push(ro.gen)
+end
+
+sleep 5 if $DEBUG
+
+ary.each do |e|
+  p e.sample([1])
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/holders.rb b/sample/drb/holders.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..293426f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/holders.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+=begin
+= How to play.
+
+==  with timeridconv:
+  % ruby -d holders.rb
+  druby://yourhost:1234
+
+  % ruby holderc.rb druby://yourhost:1234
+
+
+==  without timeridconv:
+  % ruby holders.rb
+  druby://yourhost:1234
+
+  % ruby holderc.rb druby://yourhost:1234
+=end
+
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class DRbEx3
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize(n)
+    @v = n
+  end
+
+  def sample(list)
+    sum = 0
+    list.each do |e|
+      sum += e.to_i
+    end
+    @v * sum
+  end
+end
+
+class DRbEx4
+  include DRbUndumped
+
+  def initialize
+    @curr = 1
+  end
+
+  def gen
+    begin
+      @curr += 1
+      DRbEx3.new(@curr)
+    ensure
+      GC.start
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  if $DEBUG
+    require 'drb/timeridconv'
+    DRb.install_id_conv(DRb::TimerIdConv.new(2))
+  end
+
+  DRb.start_service(nil, DRbEx4.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/http0.rb b/sample/drb/http0.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4c9f6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/http0.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'net/http'
+require 'uri'
+
+module DRb
+  module HTTP0
+    class StrStream
+      def initialize(str='')
+	@buf = str
+      end
+      attr_reader :buf
+
+      def read(n)
+	begin
+	  return @buf[0,n]
+	ensure
+	  @buf[0,n] = ''
+	end
+      end
+
+      def write(s)
+	@buf.concat s
+      end
+    end
+
+    def self.uri_option(uri, config)
+      return uri, nil
+    end
+
+    def self.open(uri, config)
+      unless /^http:/ =~ uri
+	raise(DRbBadScheme, uri) unless uri =~ /^http:/
+	raise(DRbBadURI, 'can\'t parse uri:' + uri)
+      end
+      ClientSide.new(uri, config)
+    end
+
+    class ClientSide
+      def initialize(uri, config)
+	@uri = uri
+	@res = nil
+	@config = config
+	@msg = DRbMessage.new(config)
+	@proxy = ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
+      end
+
+      def close; end
+      def alive?; false; end
+
+      def send_request(ref, msg_id, *arg, &b)
+	stream = StrStream.new
+	@msg.send_request(stream, ref, msg_id, *arg, &b)
+	@reply_stream = StrStream.new
+	post(@uri, stream.buf)
+      end
+
+      def recv_reply
+	@msg.recv_reply(@reply_stream)
+      end
+
+      def post(url, data)
+	it = URI.parse(url)
+	path = [(it.path=='' ? '/' : it.path), it.query].compact.join('?')
+	http = Net::HTTP.new(it.host, it.port)
+	sio = StrStream.new
+	http.post(path, data, {'Content-Type'=>'application/octetstream;'}) do |str|
+	  sio.write(str)
+	  if @config[:load_limit] < sio.buf.size
+	    raise TypeError, 'too large packet'
+	  end
+	end
+	@reply_stream = sio
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  DRbProtocol.add_protocol(HTTP0)
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/http0serv.rb b/sample/drb/http0serv.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8318123
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/http0serv.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+require 'webrick'
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/http0'
+require 'thread'
+
+module DRb
+  module HTTP0
+
+    def self.open_server(uri, config)
+      unless /^http:/ =~ uri
+	raise(DRbBadScheme, uri) unless uri =~ /^http:/
+	raise(DRbBadURI, 'can\'t parse uri:' + uri)
+      end
+      Server.new(uri, config)
+    end
+
+    class Callback < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
+      def initialize(config, drb)
+	@config = config
+	@drb = drb
+	@queue = Queue.new
+      end
+
+      def do_POST(req, res)
+	@req = req
+	@res = res
+	@drb.push(self)
+	@res.body = @queue.pop
+	@res['content-type'] = 'application/octet-stream;'
+      end
+
+      def req_body
+	@req.body
+      end
+
+      def reply(body)
+	@queue.push(body)
+      end
+
+      def close
+	@queue.push('')
+      end
+    end
+
+    class Server
+      def initialize(uri, config)
+	@uri = uri
+	@config = config
+	@queue = Queue.new
+	setup_webrick(uri)
+      end
+      attr_reader :uri
+
+      def close
+	@server.shutdown if @server
+	@server = nil
+      end
+
+      def push(callback)
+	@queue.push(callback)
+      end
+
+      def accept
+	client = @queue.pop
+	ServerSide.new(client, @config)
+      end
+
+      def setup_webrick(uri)
+	logger = WEBrick::Log::new($stderr, WEBrick::Log::FATAL)
+	u = URI.parse(uri)
+	s = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(:Port => u.port,
+				    :AddressFamily => Socket::AF_INET,
+				    :BindAddress => u.host,
+				    :Logger => logger,
+				    :ServerType => Thread)
+	s.mount(u.path, Callback, self)
+	@server = s
+	s.start
+      end
+    end
+
+    class ServerSide
+      def initialize(callback, config)
+	@callback = callback
+	@config = config
+	@msg = DRbMessage.new(@config)
+	@req_stream = StrStream.new(@callback.req_body)
+      end
+
+      def close
+	@callback.close if @callback
+	@callback = nil
+      end
+
+      def alive?; false; end
+
+      def recv_request
+	begin
+	  @msg.recv_request(@req_stream)
+	rescue
+	  close
+	  raise $!
+	end
+      end
+
+      def send_reply(succ, result)
+	begin
+	  return unless @callback
+	  stream = StrStream.new
+	  @msg.send_reply(stream, succ, result)
+	  @callback.reply(stream.buf)
+	rescue
+	  close
+	  raise $!
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/name.rb b/sample/drb/name.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9527d47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/name.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- NamedObject Sample
+ 	Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+=begin
+How to play.
+
+* start server
+ Terminal 1
+ | % ruby name.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+ | druby://yourhost:7640
+ | [return] to exit
+
+* start client
+ Terminal 2
+ | % ruby namec.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+ | #<DRb::DRbObject:0x40164174 @uri="druby://yourhost:7640", @ref="seq">
+ | #<DRb::DRbObject:0x40163c9c @uri="druby://yourhost:7640", @ref="mutex">
+ | 1
+ | 2
+ | [return] to continue
+
+* restart server
+ Terminal 1
+ type [return]
+ | % ruby name.rb druby://yourhost:7640
+ | druby://yourhost:7640
+ | [return] to exit
+
+* continue client
+ Terminal 2
+ type [return]
+ | 1
+ | 2
+=end
+
+require 'thread.rb'
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+module DRbNamedObject
+  DRbNAMEDICT = {}
+  attr_reader(:drb_name)
+
+  def drb_name=(name)
+    @drb_name = name
+    Thread.exclusive do
+      raise(IndexError, name) if DRbNAMEDICT[name]
+      DRbNAMEDICT[name] = self
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class DRbNamedIdConv < DRb::DRbIdConv
+  def initialize
+    @dict = DRbNamedObject::DRbNAMEDICT
+  end
+
+  def to_obj(ref)
+    @dict.fetch(ref) do super end
+  end
+
+  def to_id(obj)
+    if obj.kind_of? DRbNamedObject
+      return obj.drb_name
+    else
+      return super
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Seq
+  include DRbUndumped
+  include DRbNamedObject
+
+  def initialize(v, name)
+    @counter = v
+    @mutex = Mutex.new
+    self.drb_name = name
+  end
+
+  def next_value
+    @mutex.synchronize do
+      @counter += 1
+      return @counter
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Front
+  def initialize
+    seq = Seq.new(0, 'seq')
+    mutex = Mutex.new
+    mutex.extend(DRbUndumped)
+    mutex.extend(DRbNamedObject)
+    mutex.drb_name = 'mutex'
+    @name = {}
+    @name['seq'] = seq
+    @name['mutex'] = mutex
+  end
+
+  def [](k)
+    @name[k]
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  uri = ARGV.shift
+
+  name_conv = DRbNamedIdConv.new
+
+  DRb.install_id_conv(name_conv)
+  DRb.start_service(uri, Front.new)
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/namec.rb b/sample/drb/namec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98b9d0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/namec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+=begin
+ distributed Ruby --- NamedObject Sample Client
+ 	Copyright (c) 2000-2001 Masatoshi SEKI
+=end
+
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+begin
+  there = ARGV.shift || raise
+rescue
+  puts "usage: #{$0} <server_uri>"
+  exit 1
+end
+
+DRb.start_service()
+ro = DRbObject.new(nil, there)
+
+seq = ro["seq"]
+mutex = ro["mutex"]
+
+p seq
+p mutex
+
+mutex.synchronize do
+  p seq.next_value
+  p seq.next_value
+end
+
+puts '[return] to continue'
+gets
+
+mutex.synchronize do
+  p seq.next_value
+  p seq.next_value
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/old_tuplespace.rb b/sample/drb/old_tuplespace.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0da9fa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/old_tuplespace.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+# TupleSpace
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+# You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
+
+require 'thread'
+
+class TupleSpace
+  class Template
+    def initialize(list)
+      @list = list
+      @check_idx = []
+      @list.each_with_index do |x, i|
+	@check_idx.push i if x
+      end
+      @size = @list.size
+    end
+
+    attr :size
+    alias length size
+
+    def match(tuple)
+      return nil if tuple.size != self.size
+      @check_idx.each do |i|
+	unless @list[i] === tuple[i]
+	  return false
+	end
+      end
+      return true
+    end
+  end
+
+  def initialize
+    @que = {}
+    @waiting = {}
+    @que.taint		# enable tainted comunication
+    @waiting.taint
+    self.taint
+  end
+
+  def wakeup_waiting(tuple)
+    sz = tuple.length
+    return nil unless @waiting[sz]
+
+    x = nil
+    i = -1
+    found = false
+    @waiting[sz] = @waiting[sz].find_all { |x|
+      if x[0].match(tuple)
+	begin
+	  x[1].wakeup
+	rescue ThreadError
+	end
+	false
+      else
+	true
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def put_waiting(template, thread)
+    sz = template.length
+    @waiting[sz] = [] unless @waiting[sz]
+    @waiting[sz].push([Template.new(template), thread])
+  end
+  private :wakeup_waiting
+  private :put_waiting
+
+  def get_que(template)
+    sz = template.length
+    return nil unless @que[sz]
+
+    template = Template.new(template)
+
+    x = nil
+    i = -1
+    found = false
+    @que[sz].each_with_index do |x, i|
+      if template.match(x)
+	found = true
+	break
+      end
+    end
+    return nil unless found
+
+    @que[sz].delete_at(i)
+
+    return x
+  end
+
+  def put_que(tuple)
+    sz = tuple.length
+    @que[sz] = [] unless @que[sz]
+    @que[sz].push tuple
+  end
+  private :get_que
+  private :put_que
+
+  def out(*tuples)
+    tuples.each do |tuple|
+      Thread.critical = true
+      put_que(tuple)
+      wakeup_waiting(tuple)
+      Thread.critical = false
+    end
+  end
+  alias put out
+  alias write out
+
+  def in(template, non_block=false)
+    begin
+      loop do
+	Thread.critical = true
+	tuple = get_que(template)
+	unless tuple
+	  if non_block
+	    raise ThreadError, "queue empty"
+	  end
+	  put_waiting(template, Thread.current)
+	  Thread.stop
+	else
+	  return tuple
+	end
+      end
+    ensure
+      Thread.critical = false
+    end
+  end
+  alias get in
+  alias take in
+
+  def rd(template, non_block=false)
+    tuple = self.in(template, non_block)
+    out(tuple)
+    tuple
+  end
+  alias read rd
+
+  def mv(dest, template, non_block=false)
+    tuple = self.in(template, non_block)
+    begin
+      dest.out(tuple)
+    rescue
+      self.out(tuple)
+    end
+  end
+  alias move mv
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  ts = TupleSpace.new
+  clients = []
+  servers = []
+
+  def server(ts, id)
+    Thread.start {
+      loop do
+	req = ts.in(['req', nil, nil])
+	ac = req[1]
+	num = req[2]
+	sleep id
+	ts.out([ac, id, num, num * num])
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def client(ts, n)
+    Thread.start {
+      ac = Object.new
+      tuples = (1..10).collect { |i|
+	['req', ac, i * 10 + n]
+      }
+      ts.out(*tuples)
+      ts.out(tuples[0])
+      puts "out: #{n}"
+      11.times do |i|
+	ans = ts.in([ac, nil, nil, nil])
+	puts "client(#{n}) server(#{ans[1]}) #{ans[2]} #{ans[3]}"
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def watcher(ts)
+    Thread.start {
+      loop do
+	begin
+	  sleep 1
+	  p ts.rd(['req', nil, nil], true)
+	rescue ThreadError
+	  puts "'req' not found."
+	end
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  (0..3).each do |n|
+    servers.push(server(ts, n))
+  end
+
+  (1..6).each do |n|
+    clients.push(client(ts, n))
+  end
+
+  (1..3).each do
+    watcher(ts)
+  end
+
+  clients.each do |t|
+    t.join
+  end
+end
+
+
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/rinda_ts.rb b/sample/drb/rinda_ts.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f2fae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/rinda_ts.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'rinda/tuplespace'
+
+uri = ARGV.shift
+DRb.start_service(uri, Rinda::TupleSpace.new)
+puts DRb.uri
+DRb.thread.join
diff --git a/sample/drb/rindac.rb b/sample/drb/rindac.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72be09d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/rindac.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'rinda/rinda'
+
+uri = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service
+ts = Rinda::TupleSpaceProxy.new(DRbObject.new(nil, uri))
+
+(1..10).each do |n|
+  ts.write(['sum', DRb.uri, n])
+end
+
+(1..10).each do |n|
+  ans = ts.take(['ans', DRb.uri, n, nil])
+  p [ans[2], ans[3]]
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/rindas.rb b/sample/drb/rindas.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9fd9ada
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/rindas.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'rinda/rinda'
+
+def do_it(v)
+  puts "do_it(#{v})"
+  v + v
+end
+
+uri = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} <server_uri>")
+
+DRb.start_service
+ts = Rinda::TupleSpaceProxy.new(DRbObject.new(nil, uri))
+
+while true
+  r = ts.take(['sum', nil, nil])
+  v = do_it(r[2])
+  ts.write(['ans', r[1], r[2], v])
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/ring_echo.rb b/sample/drb/ring_echo.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b743ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/ring_echo.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'drb/eq'
+require 'rinda/ring'
+require 'thread'
+
+class RingEcho
+  include DRbUndumped
+  def initialize(name)
+    @name = name
+  end
+
+  def echo(str)
+    "#{@name}: #{str}"
+  end
+end
+
+DRb.start_service
+
+renewer = Rinda::SimpleRenewer.new
+
+finder = Rinda::RingFinger.new
+ts = finder.lookup_ring_any
+ts.read_all([:name, :RingEcho, nil, nil]).each do |tuple|
+  p tuple[2]
+  puts tuple[2].echo('Hello, World') rescue nil
+end
+ts.write([:name, :RingEcho, RingEcho.new(DRb.uri), ''], renewer)
+
+DRb.thread.join
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/ring_inspect.rb b/sample/drb/ring_inspect.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c096cd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/ring_inspect.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+require 'rinda/ring'
+require 'drb/drb'
+
+class Inspector
+  def initialize
+  end
+
+  def primary
+    Rinda::RingFinger.primary
+  end
+
+  def list_place
+    Rinda::RingFinger.to_a
+  end
+
+  def list(idx = -1)
+    if idx < 0
+      ts = primary
+    else
+      ts = list_place[idx]
+      raise "RingNotFound" unless ts
+    end
+    ts.read_all([:name, nil, nil, nil])
+  end
+end
+
+def main
+  DRb.start_service
+  r = Inspector.new
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/ring_place.rb b/sample/drb/ring_place.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ceef7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/ring_place.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+require 'drb/drb'
+require 'rinda/ring'
+require 'rinda/tuplespace'
+
+unless $DEBUG
+  # Run as a daemon...
+  exit!( 0 ) if fork
+  Process.setsid
+  exit!( 0 ) if fork
+end
+
+DRb.start_service(ARGV.shift)
+
+ts = Rinda::TupleSpace.new
+place = Rinda::RingServer.new(ts)
+
+if $DEBUG
+  puts DRb.uri
+  DRb.thread.join
+else
+  STDIN.reopen('/dev/null')
+  STDOUT.reopen('/dev/null', 'w')
+  STDERR.reopen('/dev/null', 'w')
+  DRb.thread.join
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/simpletuple.rb b/sample/drb/simpletuple.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b9b7a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/simpletuple.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+# SimpleTupleSpace
+# Copyright (c) 1999-2000 Masatoshi SEKI
+# You can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Ruby.
+
+require 'thread'
+
+class SimpleTupleSpace
+  def initialize
+    @hash = {}
+    @waiting = {}
+    @hash.taint
+    @waiting.taint
+    self.taint
+  end
+
+  def out(key, obj)
+    Thread.critical = true
+    @hash[key] ||= []
+    @waiting[key] ||= []
+    @hash[key].push obj
+    begin
+      t = @waiting[key].shift
+      @waiting.delete(key) if @waiting[key].length == 0
+      t.wakeup if t
+    rescue ThreadError
+      retry
+    ensure
+      Thread.critical = false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def in(key)
+    Thread.critical = true
+    @hash[key] ||= []
+    @waiting[key] ||= []
+    begin
+      loop do
+        if @hash[key].length == 0
+          @waiting[key].push Thread.current
+          Thread.stop
+        else
+          return @hash[key].shift
+        end
+      end
+    ensure
+      @hash.delete(key) if @hash[key].length == 0
+      Thread.critical = false
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  ts = SimpleTupleSpace.new
+  clients = []
+  servers = []
+
+  def server(ts)
+    Thread.start {
+      loop do
+	req = ts.in('req')
+	ac = req[0]
+	num = req[1]
+	ts.out(ac, num * num)
+      end
+    }
+  end
+
+  def client(ts, n)
+    Thread.start {
+      ac = Object.new
+      ts.out('req', [ac, n])
+      ans = ts.in(ac)
+      puts "#{n}: #{ans}"
+    }
+  end
+
+  3.times do
+    servers.push(server(ts))
+  end
+
+  (1..6).each do |n|
+    clients.push(client(ts, n))
+  end
+
+  clients.each do |t|
+    t.join
+  end
+end
+
+
diff --git a/sample/drb/speedc.rb b/sample/drb/speedc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64b8a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/speedc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+uri = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} URI")
+N = (ARGV.shift || 100).to_i
+
+case uri
+when /^tcpromp:/, /^unixromp:/
+  require 'romp'
+
+  client = ROMP::Client.new(uri, false)
+  foo = client.resolve("foo")
+when /^druby:/
+  require 'drb/drb'
+
+  DRb.start_service
+  foo = DRbObject.new(nil, uri)
+end
+
+N.times do |n|
+  foo.foo(n)
+end
diff --git a/sample/drb/speeds.rb b/sample/drb/speeds.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7984059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/drb/speeds.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+class Foo
+  attr_reader :i
+  def initialize
+    @i = 0
+  end
+
+  def foo(i)
+    @i = i
+    i + i
+  end
+end
+
+# server = ROMP::Server.new('tcpromp://localhost:4242', nil, true)
+
+uri = ARGV.shift || raise("usage: #{$0} URI")
+foo = Foo.new
+
+case uri
+when /^tcpromp:/, /^unixromp:/
+  require 'romp'
+
+  server = ROMP::Server.new(uri, nil, true)
+  server.bind(foo, "foo")
+
+when /^druby:/
+  require 'drb/drb'
+
+  DRb.start_service(uri, Foo.new)
+end
+
+DRb.thread.join
diff --git a/sample/dualstack-fetch.rb b/sample/dualstack-fetch.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1897a3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/dualstack-fetch.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# simple webpage fetcher
+
+# The code demonstrates how a multi-protocol client should be written.
+# TCPSocket is using getaddrinfo() internally, so there should be no problem.
+
+require "socket"
+
+if ARGV.size != 1
+  STDERR.print "requires URL\n"
+  exit
+end
+
+url = ARGV[0]
+if url !~ /^http:\/\/([^\/]+)(\/.*)$/
+  STDERR.print "only http with full hostname is supported\n"
+  exit
+end
+
+# split URL into host, port and path
+hostport = $1
+path = $2
+if (hostport =~ /^(.*):([0-9]+)$/)
+  host = $1
+  port = $2
+else
+  host = hostport
+  port = 80
+end
+if host =~ /^\[(.*)\]$/
+  host = $1
+end
+
+#STDERR.print "url=<#{ARGV[0]}>\n"
+#STDERR.print "host=<#{host}>\n"
+#STDERR.print "port=<#{port}>\n"
+#STDERR.print "path=<#{path}>\n"
+
+STDERR.print "conntecting to #{host} port #{port}\n"
+c = TCPSocket.new(host, port)
+dest = Socket.getnameinfo(c.getpeername,
+		Socket::NI_NUMERICHOST|Socket::NI_NUMERICSERV)
+STDERR.print "conntected to #{dest[0]} port #{dest[1]}\n"
+c.print "GET #{path} HTTP/1.0\n"
+c.print "Host: #{host}\n"
+c.print "\n"
+while c.gets
+  print
+end
diff --git a/sample/dualstack-httpd.rb b/sample/dualstack-httpd.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11c5201
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/dualstack-httpd.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# simple httpd
+
+# The code demonstrates how a multi-protocol daemon should be written.
+
+require "socket"
+require "thread"
+
+port = 8888
+res = Socket.getaddrinfo(nil, port, nil, Socket::SOCK_STREAM, nil, Socket::AI_PASSIVE)
+sockpool = []
+names = []
+threads = []
+
+res.each do |i|
+  s = TCPServer.new(i[3], i[1])
+  n = Socket.getnameinfo(s.getsockname, Socket::NI_NUMERICHOST|Socket::NI_NUMERICSERV).join(" port ")
+  sockpool.push s
+  names.push n
+end
+
+(0 .. sockpool.size - 1).each do |i|
+  mysock = sockpool[i]
+  myname = names[i]
+  STDERR.print "socket #{mysock} started, address #{myname}\n"
+  threads[i] = Thread.start do		# Thread.start cannot be used here!
+    ls = mysock	# copy to dynamic variable
+    t = Thread.current
+    STDERR.print "socket #{myname} listener started, pid #{$$} thread #{t}\n"
+    while true
+      as = ls.accept
+      Thread.start do
+	STDERR.print "socket #{myname} accepted, thread ", Thread.current, "\n"
+	s = as	# copy to dynamic variable
+	str = ''
+	while line = s.gets
+	  break if line == "\r\n" or line == "\n"
+	  str << line
+	end
+	STDERR.print "socket #{myname} got string\n"
+	s.write("HTTP/1.0 200 OK\n")
+	s.write("Content-type: text/plain\n\n")
+	s.write("this is test: my name is #{myname}, you sent:\n")
+	s.write("---start\n")
+	s.write(str)
+	s.write("---end\n")
+	s.close
+	STDERR.print "socket #{myname} processed, thread ", Thread.current, " terminating\n"
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+for t in threads
+  t.join
+end
diff --git a/sample/eval.rb b/sample/eval.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed4b7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/eval.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+line = ''
+indent = 0
+$stdout.sync = true
+print "ruby> "
+loop do
+  l = gets
+  if l.nil?
+    break if line.empty?
+  else
+    line += l
+    if l =~ /,\s*$/
+      print "ruby| "
+      next
+    end
+    if l =~ /^\s*(class|module|def|if|unless|case|while|until|for|begin)\b[^_]/
+      indent += 1
+    end
+    if l =~ /^\s*end\b[^_]/
+      indent -= 1
+    end
+    if l =~ /\{\s*(\|.*\|)?\s*$/
+      indent += 1
+    end
+    if l =~ /^\s*\}/
+      indent -= 1
+    end
+    if indent > 0
+      print "ruby| "
+      next
+    end
+  end
+  begin
+    print eval(line).inspect, "\n"
+  rescue ScriptError, StandardError
+    printf "ERR: %s\n", $! || 'exception raised'
+  end
+  break if l.nil?
+  line = ''
+  print "ruby> "
+end
+print "\n"
diff --git a/sample/export.rb b/sample/export.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..949e5b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/export.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# method access permission
+# output:
+#	foobar
+#	Foo
+
+class Foo
+  public :printf
+  def baz
+    print "baz\n"
+  end
+  private :baz
+
+  def quux
+    print "in QUUX "
+    baz()
+  end
+end
+
+def foobar
+  print "foobar\n"
+end
+
+f = Foo.new
+#Foo.private :printf
+class Foo			# redefines foobar's scope
+  public :foobar
+end
+f.foobar
+f.printf "%s\n", Foo
+
+f.quux
+
+class Bar<Foo
+  def quux
+    super
+    baz()
+  end
+end
+
+Bar.new.quux
diff --git a/sample/exyacc.rb b/sample/exyacc.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c96ebfd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/exyacc.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -Kn
+# usage: exyacc.rb [yaccfiles]
+# this is coverted from exyacc.pl in the camel book
+
+ARGF.each(nil) do |source|
+  sbeg = source.index("\n%%") + 1
+  send = source.rindex("\n%%") + 1
+  grammer = source[sbeg, send-sbeg]
+  grammer.sub!(/.*\n/, "")
+  grammer.gsub!(/'\{'/, "'\001'")
+  grammer.gsub!(/'\}'/, "'\002'")
+  grammer.gsub!(%r{\*/}, "\003\003")
+  grammer.gsub!(%r{/\*[^\003]*\003\003}, '')
+  while grammer.gsub!(/\{[^{}]*\}/, ''); end
+  grammer.gsub!(/'\001'/, "'{'")
+  grammer.gsub!(/'\002'/, "'}'")
+  while grammer.gsub!(/^[ \t]*\n(\s)/, '\1'); end
+  grammer.gsub!(/([:|])[ \t\n]+(\w)/, '\1 \2')
+  print grammer
+end
diff --git a/sample/fact.rb b/sample/fact.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8147a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fact.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+def fact(n)
+  return 1 if n == 0
+  f = 1
+  n.downto(1) do |i|
+    f *= i
+  end
+  return f
+end
+print fact(ARGV[0].to_i), "\n"
diff --git a/sample/fib.awk b/sample/fib.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ebe893
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fib.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+   function fib(n) {
+       if ( n<2 ) return n; else return fib(n-2) + fib(n-1)
+   }
+
+   BEGIN { print fib(20); }
diff --git a/sample/fib.pl b/sample/fib.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..945a492
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fib.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+sub fib {
+    my($n)=@_;
+    if ($n<2) {
+	return $n;
+    }
+    else {
+	return fib($n-2)+fib($n-1);
+    }
+}
+
+print fib(20), "\n";
diff --git a/sample/fib.py b/sample/fib.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8318021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# calculate Fibonacci(20)
+# for benchmark
+def fib(n):
+  if n<2:
+    return n
+  else:
+    return fib(n-2)+fib(n-1)
+
+print fib(20)
+
diff --git a/sample/fib.rb b/sample/fib.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cde4fba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fib.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# calculate Fibonacci(20)
+# for benchmark
+def fib(n)
+  if n<2
+    n
+  else
+    fib(n-2)+fib(n-1)
+  end
+end
+print(fib(20), "\n");
diff --git a/sample/fib.scm b/sample/fib.scm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b246ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fib.scm
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+(define (fib n)
+  (if (< n 2)
+      n
+      (+ (fib (- n 2)) (fib (- n 1)))))
+
+(display (fib 20))
+(newline)
+(quit)
diff --git a/sample/freq.rb b/sample/freq.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..362753f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/freq.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# word occurrence listing
+# usege: ruby freq.rb file..
+freq = Hash.new(0)
+while line = gets()
+  line.scan(/\w+/) do |word|
+    freq[word] += 1
+  end
+end
+
+for word in freq.keys.sort!
+  print word, " -- ", freq[word], "\n"
+end
diff --git a/sample/from.rb b/sample/from.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..918745e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/from.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+require "time"
+require "kconv"
+
+class String
+  def kjust(len)
+    res = ''
+    rlen = 0
+    self.each_char do |char|
+      delta = char.bytesize > 1 ? 2 : 1
+      break if rlen + delta > len
+      rlen += delta
+      res += char
+    end
+    res += ' ' * (len - rlen) if rlen < len
+    res
+  end
+end
+
+def fromout(date, from, subj)
+  return 0 if !date
+  y, m, d = Time.parse(date).to_a.reverse[4, 3] if date
+  y ||= 0; m ||= 0; d ||= 0
+  from ||= "sombody@somewhere"
+  from.delete!("\r\n")
+  from = from.kconv(Encoding.default_external).kjust(28)
+  subj ||= "(nil)"
+  subj.delete!("\r\n")
+  subj = subj.kconv(Encoding.default_external).kjust(40)
+  printf "%02d/%02d/%02d [%s] %s\n", y%100, m, d, from, subj
+  return 1
+end
+
+def get_mailfile(user)
+  file = user
+  unless user
+    file = ENV['MAIL']
+    user = ENV['USER'] || ENV['USERNAME'] || ENV['LOGNAME']
+  end
+
+  if file == nil or !File.exist?(file)
+    [ENV['SPOOLDIR'], '/usr/spool', '/var/spool', '/usr', '/var'].each do |m|
+      path = "#{m}/mail/#{user}"
+      if File.exist?(path)
+	file = path
+	break
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  file
+end
+
+def from_main
+  if ARGV[0] == '-w'
+    wait = true
+    ARGV.shift
+  end
+  file = get_mailfile(ARGV[0])
+
+  outcount = 0
+  if File.exist?(file)
+    atime = File.atime(file)
+    mtime = File.mtime(file)
+    open(file, "r") do |f|
+      until f.eof?
+	header = {}
+	f.each_line do |line|
+	  next if /^From / =~ line # skip From-line
+	  break if /^$/ =~ line	 # end of header
+
+	  if /^(?<attr>\S+?):\s*(?<value>.*)/ =~ line
+	    attr.capitalize!
+	    header[attr] = value
+	  elsif attr
+	    header[attr] += "\n" + line.lstrip
+	  end
+	end
+
+	f.each_line do |line|
+	  break if /^From / =~ line
+	end
+	outcount += fromout(header['Date'], header['From'], header['Subject'])
+      end
+    end
+    File.utime(atime, mtime, file)
+  end
+
+  if outcount == 0
+    print "You have no mail.\n"
+    sleep 2 if wait
+  elsif wait
+    system "stty cbreak -echo"
+    $stdin.getc
+    system "stty cooked echo"
+  end
+end
+
+if __FILE__ == $0
+  from_main
+end
+
+__END__
+
+=begin
+
+= from.rb
+
+== USAGE
+
+ruby from.rb [-w] [username_or_filename]
+
+=end
diff --git a/sample/fullpath.rb b/sample/fullpath.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..112ca58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/fullpath.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby
+# convert ls-lR filename into fullpath.
+
+if ARGV[0] =~ /-p/
+  ARGV.shift
+  path = ARGV.shift
+end
+
+if path == nil
+  path = ""
+elsif path !~ %r|/$|
+  path += "/"
+end
+
+while line = gets()
+  case line
+  when /:$/
+    path = line.chop.chop + "/"
+  when /^total/, /^d/
+  when /^(.*\d )(.+)$/
+    print($1, path, $2, "\n")
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/less.rb b/sample/less.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be3591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/less.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+ZCAT = "/usr/local/bin/zcat"
+LESS = "/usr/local/bin/less"
+
+FILE = ARGV.pop
+OPTION = (if ARGV.length == 0; "" else ARGV.join(" "); end)
+
+if FILE =~ /\.(Z|gz)$/
+  exec(format("%s %s | %s %s", ZCAT, FILE, LESS, OPTION))
+elsif FILE == nil
+  exec(format("%s %s", LESS, OPTION))
+else
+  print(format("%s %s %s", LESS, OPTION, FILE), "\n")
+  exec(format("%s %s %s", LESS, OPTION, FILE))
+end
+exit()
diff --git a/sample/list.rb b/sample/list.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85899ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/list.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# Linked list example
+class MyElem
+  # object initializer called from Class#new
+  def initialize(item)
+    # @variables are instance variable, no declaration needed
+    @data = item
+    @succ = nil
+    @head = nil
+  end
+
+  def data
+    @data
+  end
+
+  def succ
+    @succ
+  end
+
+  # the method invoked by ``obj.data = val''
+  def succ=(new)
+    @succ = new
+  end
+end
+
+class MyList
+  def add_to_list(obj)
+    elt = MyElem.new(obj)
+    if @head
+      @tail.succ = elt
+    else
+      @head = elt
+    end
+    @tail = elt
+  end
+
+  def each
+    elt = @head
+    while elt
+      yield elt
+      elt = elt.succ
+    end
+  end
+
+  # the method to convert object into string.
+  # redefining this will affect print.
+  def to_s
+    str = "<MyList:\n";
+    for elt in self
+      # short form of ``str = str + elt.data.to_s + "\n"''
+      str += elt.data.to_s + "\n"
+    end
+    str += ">"
+    str
+  end
+end
+
+class Point
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    @x = x; @y = y
+    self
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    sprintf("%d@%d", @x, @y)
+  end
+end
+
+# global variable name starts with `$'.
+$list1 = MyList.new
+$list1.add_to_list(10)
+$list1.add_to_list(20)
+$list1.add_to_list(Point.new(2, 3))
+$list1.add_to_list(Point.new(4, 5))
+$list2 = MyList.new
+$list2.add_to_list(20)
+$list2.add_to_list(Point.new(4, 5))
+$list2.add_to_list($list1)
+
+# parenthesises around method arguments can be ommitted unless ambiguous.
+print "list1:\n", $list1, "\n"
+print "list2:\n", $list2, "\n"
diff --git a/sample/list2.rb b/sample/list2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d71aff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/list2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+# Linked list example -- short version
+class Point
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    @x = x; @y = y
+    self
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    sprintf("%d@%d", @x, @y)
+  end
+end
+
+list1 = [10, 20, Point.new(2, 3), Point.new(4, 5)]
+list2 = [20, Point.new(4, 5), list1]
+print("list1:\n", list1.join("\n"), "\n")
+print("list2:\n", list2.join("\n"), "\n")
diff --git a/sample/list3.rb b/sample/list3.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d9f04b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/list3.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Linked list example -- short version
+# using inspect
+
+class Point
+  def initialize(x, y)
+    @x = x; @y = y
+    self
+  end
+
+  def to_s
+    sprintf("%d@%d", @x, @y)
+  end
+end
+
+list1 = [10, 20, Point.new(2, 3), Point.new(4, 5)]
+list2 = [20, Point.new(4, 5), list1]
+print("list1: ", list1.inspect, "\n")
+print("list2: ", list2.inspect, "\n")
diff --git a/sample/logger/app.rb b/sample/logger/app.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..924bcba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/logger/app.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'logger'
+
+class MyApp < Logger::Application
+  def initialize(a, b, c)
+    super('MyApp')
+
+    # Set logDevice here.
+    logfile = 'app.log'
+    self.log = logfile
+    self.level = INFO
+
+    # Initialize your application...
+    @a = a
+    @b = b
+    @c = c
+  end
+
+  def run
+    @log.info  { 'Started.' }
+
+    @log.info  { "This block isn't evaled because 'debug' is not severe here." }
+    @log.debug { "Result = " << foo(0) }
+    @log.info  { "So nothing is dumped." }
+
+    @log.info  { "This block is evaled because 'info' is enough severe here." }
+    @log.info  { "Result = " << foo(0) }
+    @log.info  { "Above causes exception, so not reached here." }
+
+    @log.info  { 'Finished.' }
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def foo(var)
+    1 / var
+  end
+end
+
+status = MyApp.new(1, 2, 3).start
+
+if status != 0
+  puts 'Some error(s) occured.'
+  puts 'See "app.log".'
+end
diff --git a/sample/logger/log.rb b/sample/logger/log.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab80e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/logger/log.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'logger'
+
+log = Logger.new(STDERR)
+
+def do_log(log)
+  log.debug('do_log1') { "debug" }
+  log.info('do_log2') { "info" }
+  log.warn('do_log3') { "warn" }
+  log.error('do_log4') { "error" }
+  log.fatal('do_log6') { "fatal" }
+  log.unknown('do_log7') { "unknown" }
+end
+
+log.level = Logger::DEBUG	# Default.
+do_log(log)
+
+puts "Set severity threshold 'WARN'."
+
+log.level = Logger::WARN
+do_log(log)
+
+puts "Change datetime format.  Thanks to Daniel Berger."
+
+log.datetime_format = "%d-%b-%Y@%H:%M:%S"
+do_log(log)
diff --git a/sample/logger/shifting.rb b/sample/logger/shifting.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd8852a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/logger/shifting.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'logger'
+
+logfile = 'shifting.log'
+# Max 3 age ... logShifting.log, logShifting.log.0, and logShifting.log.1
+shift_age = 3
+# Shift log file about for each 1024 bytes.
+shift_size = 1024
+
+log = Logger.new(logfile, shift_age, shift_size)
+
+def do_log(log)
+  log.debug('do_log1') { 'd' * rand(100) }
+  log.info('do_log2') { 'i' * rand(100) }
+  log.warn('do_log3') { 'w' * rand(100) }
+  log.error('do_log4') { 'e' * rand(100) }
+  log.fatal('do_log5') { 'f' * rand(100) }
+  log.unknown('do_log6') { 'u' * rand(100) }
+end
+
+(1..10).each do
+  do_log(log)
+end
+
+puts 'See shifting.log and shifting.log.[01].'
diff --git a/sample/mine.rb b/sample/mine.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ef0066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/mine.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#! /usr/bin/ruby -Ke
+# -*- encoding: euc-jp -*-
+
+class Board
+  def clr
+    print "\e[2J"
+  end
+  def pos(x,y)
+    printf "\e[%d;%dH", y+1, x*2+1
+  end
+  def colorstr(id,s)
+    printf "\e[%dm%s\e[0m", id, s
+  end
+  def put(x, y, col, str)
+    pos(x,y); colorstr(43,str)
+    pos(0,@hi); print "»Ä¤ê:",@mc,"/",@total,"   "
+    pos(x,y)
+  end
+  private :clr, :pos, :colorstr, :put
+  CHR=["¡¦","£±","£²","£³","£´","£µ","£¶","£·","£¸","¡ú","¡ü","@@"]
+  COL=[46,43,45] # default,opened,over
+  def initialize(h,w,m)
+    # ¥²¡¼¥àÈפÎÀ¸À®(h:½Ä¡¤w:²£¡¤m:ÇúÃƤοô)
+    @hi=h; @wi=w; @m=m
+    reset
+  end
+  def reset
+    # ¥²¡¼¥àÈפò(ºÆ)½é´ü²½¤¹¤ë
+    srand()
+    @cx=0; @cy=0; @mc=@m
+    @over=false
+    @data=Array.new(@hi*@wi)
+    @state=Array.new(@hi*@wi)
+    @total=@hi*@wi
+    @total.times {|i| @data[i]=0}
+    @m.times do
+       loop do
+         j=rand(@total-1)
+         if @data[j] == 0 then
+           @data[j]=1
+           break
+         end
+       end
+    end
+    clr; pos(0,0)
+    @hi.times{|y| pos(0,y); colorstr(COL[0],CHR[0]*@wi)}
+    pos(@cx,@cy)
+  end
+  def mark
+    # ¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥½¥ë°ÌÃ֤˥ޡ¼¥¯¤ò¤Ä¤±¤ë
+    if @state[@wi*@cy+@cx] != nil then return end
+    @state[@wi*@cy+@cx] = "MARK"
+    @mc=@mc-1;
+    @total=@total-1;
+    put(@cx, @cy, COL[1], CHR[9])
+  end
+  def open(x=@cx,y=@cy)
+    # ¸½ºß¤Î¥«¡¼¥½¥ë°ÌÃÖ¤ò¥ª¡¼¥×¥ó¤Ë¤¹¤ë
+    # ÇúÃƤ¬¤¢¤ì¤Ð¥²¡¼¥à¥ª¡¼¥Ð¡¼
+    if @state[@wi*y+x] =="OPEN"  then return 0 end
+    if @state[@wi*y+x] == nil then @total=@total-1 end
+    if @state[@wi*y+x] =="MARK" then @mc=@mc+1 end
+    @state[@wi*y+x]="OPEN"
+    if fetch(x,y) == 1 then @over = 1; return end
+    c = count(x,y)
+    put(x, y, COL[1], CHR[c])
+    return 0 if c != 0
+    if x > 0 && y > 0         then open(x-1,y-1) end
+    if y > 0                  then open(x,  y-1) end
+    if x < @wi-1 && y > 0     then open(x+1,y-1) end
+    if x > 0                  then open(x-1,y) end
+    if x < @wi-1              then open(x+1,y) end
+    if x > 0 && y < @hi-1     then open(x-1,y+1) end
+    if y < @hi -1             then open(x,y+1) end
+    if x < @wi-1 && y < @hi-1 then open(x+1,y+1) end
+    pos(@cx,@cy)
+  end
+  def fetch(x,y)
+    # (x,y)¤Î°ÌÃÖ¤ÎÇúÃƤοô(0 or 1)¤òÊÖ¤¹
+    if x < 0 then 0
+    elsif x >= @wi then 0
+    elsif y < 0 then 0
+    elsif y >= @hi then 0
+    else
+      @data[y*@wi+x]
+    end
+  end
+  def count(x,y)
+    # (x,y)¤ËÎÙÀܤ¹¤ëÇúÃƤοô¤òÊÖ¤¹
+    fetch(x-1,y-1)+fetch(x,y-1)+fetch(x+1,y-1)+
+    fetch(x-1,y)  +             fetch(x+1,y)+
+    fetch(x-1,y+1)+fetch(x,y+1)+fetch(x+1,y+1)
+  end
+  def over(win)
+    # ¥²¡¼¥à¤Î½ªÎ»
+    quit
+    unless win
+      pos(@cx,@cy); print CHR[11]
+    end
+    pos(0,@hi)
+    if win then print "*** YOU WIN !! ***"
+    else print "*** GAME OVER ***"
+    end
+  end
+  def over?
+    # ¥²¡¼¥à¤Î½ªÎ»¥Á¥§¥Ã¥¯
+    # ½ªÎ»½èÍý¤â¸Æ¤Ó½Ð¤¹
+    remain = (@mc+@total == 0)
+    if @over || remain
+      over(remain)
+      true
+    else
+      false
+    end
+  end
+  def quit
+    # ¥²¡¼¥à¤ÎÃæÃÇ(¤Þ¤¿¤Ï½ªÎ»)
+    # È×Ì̤òÁ´¤Æ¸«¤»¤ë
+    @hi.times do|y|
+      pos(0,y)
+      @wi.times do|x|
+	colorstr(if @state[y*@wi+x] == "MARK" then COL[1] else COL[2] end,
+		 if fetch(x,y)==1 then CHR[10] else CHR[count(x,y)] end)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  def down
+    # ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ò²¼¤Ë
+    if @cy < @hi-1 then @cy=@cy+1; pos(@cx, @cy) end
+  end
+  def up
+    # ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ò¾å¤Ë
+    if @cy > 0 then @cy=@cy-1; pos(@cx, @cy) end
+  end
+  def left
+    # ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤òº¸¤Ë
+    if @cx > 0 then @cx=@cx-1; pos(@cx, @cy) end
+  end
+  def right
+    # ¥«¡¼¥½¥ë¤ò±¦¤Ë
+    if @cx < @wi-1 then @cx=@cx+1; pos(@cx, @cy) end
+  end
+end
+
+bd=Board.new(10,10,10)
+system("stty raw -echo")
+begin
+  loop do
+    case STDIN.getc
+    when ?n  # new game
+      bd.reset
+    when ?m  # mark
+      bd.mark
+    when ?j
+      bd.down
+    when ?k
+      bd.up
+    when ?h
+      bd.left
+    when ?l
+      bd.right
+    when ?\s
+      bd.open
+    when ?q,?\C-c  # quit game
+      bd.quit
+      break
+    end
+    if bd.over?
+      if STDIN.getc == ?q then break end
+      bd.reset
+    end
+  end
+ensure
+  system("stty -raw echo")
+end
+print "\n"
diff --git a/sample/mkproto.rb b/sample/mkproto.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e7fc0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/mkproto.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+$/ = nil
+while line = gets()
+  if /^((void|VALUE|int|char *\*|ID|struct \w+ *\*|st_table *\*) *)?\n(\w+)\(.*\)\n\s*((.+;\n)*)\{/ =~ line
+    line = $'
+    printf "%s %s(", $2, $3
+    args = []
+    for arg in $4.split(/;\n\s*/)
+      arg.gsub!(/ +/, ' ')
+      if arg =~ /,/
+	if arg =~ /(([^*]+) *\** *\w+),/
+	  type = $2.strip
+	  args.push $1.strip
+	  arg = $'
+	else
+	  type = ""
+	end
+	while arg.sub!(/(\** *\w+)(,|$)/, "") && $~
+	  args.push type + " " + $1.strip
+	end
+      else
+	args.push arg.strip
+      end
+    end
+    printf "%s);\n", args.join(', ')
+    redo
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/mpart.rb b/sample/mpart.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a88eba0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/mpart.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#! ./ruby
+# split into multi part
+# usage: mpart.rb [-nnn] file..
+
+lines = 1000
+
+if (ARGV[0] =~ /^-(\d+)$/ )
+  lines = $1.to_i;
+  ARGV.shift;
+end
+
+basename = ARGV[0]
+extname = "part"
+
+part = 1
+line = 0
+
+fline = 0
+for i in ifp = open(basename)
+  fline = fline + 1
+end
+ifp.close
+
+parts = fline / lines + 1
+
+for i in ifp = open(basename)
+  if line == 0
+    ofp = open(sprintf("%s.%s%02d", basename, extname, part), "w")
+    printf(ofp, "%s part%02d/%02d\n", basename, part, parts)
+    ofp.write("BEGIN--cut here--cut here\n")
+  end
+  ofp.write(i)
+  line = line + 1
+  if line >= lines and !ifp.eof?
+    ofp.write("END--cut here--cut here\n")
+    ofp.close
+    part = part + 1
+    line = 0
+  end
+end
+ofp.write("END--cut here--cut here\n")
+ofp.close
+
+ifp.close
diff --git a/sample/observ.rb b/sample/observ.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72e5178
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/observ.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+require "thread"
+require "observer"
+
+class Tick
+  include Observable
+  def initialize
+    Thread.start do
+      loop do
+	sleep 0.999
+	now = Time.now
+	changed
+	notify_observers(now.hour, now.min, now.sec)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+class Clock
+  def initialize(tick)
+    @tick = tick
+    @tick.add_observer(self)
+  end
+  def update(h, m, s)
+    printf "\e[8D%02d:%02d:%02d", h, m, s
+    STDOUT.flush
+  end
+end
+
+clock = Clock.new(Tick.new)
+sleep
diff --git a/sample/occur.pl b/sample/occur.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f5fcf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/occur.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+while (<>) {
+    for (split(/\W+/)) {
+	$freq{$_}++;
+    }
+}
+
+for (sort keys %freq) {
+    print "$_ -- $freq{$_}\n";
+}
diff --git a/sample/occur.rb b/sample/occur.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4ec6ae4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/occur.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# word occurrence listing
+# usege: ruby occur.rb file..
+freq = Hash.new(0)
+while line = gets()
+  for word in line.split(/\W+/)
+    freq[word] += 1
+  end
+end
+
+for word in freq.keys.sort!
+  print word, " -- ", freq[word], "\n"
+end
diff --git a/sample/occur2.rb b/sample/occur2.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca87d0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/occur2.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# word occurrence listing
+# usege: ruby occur2.rb file..
+freq = {}
+ARGF.each_line do |line|
+  for word in line.split(/\W+/)
+    freq[word] ||= 0
+    freq[word] += 1
+  end
+end
+
+for word in freq.keys.sort
+  printf("%s -- %d\n", word, freq[word])
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/c_rehash.rb b/sample/openssl/c_rehash.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afbb654
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/c_rehash.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'openssl'
+require 'digest/md5'
+
+class CHashDir
+  include Enumerable
+
+  def initialize(dirpath)
+    @dirpath = dirpath
+    @fingerprint_cache = @cert_cache = @crl_cache = nil
+  end
+
+  def hash_dir(silent = false)
+    # ToDo: Should lock the directory...
+    @silent = silent
+    @fingerprint_cache = Hash.new
+    @cert_cache = Hash.new
+    @crl_cache = Hash.new
+    do_hash_dir
+  end
+
+  def get_certs(name = nil)
+    if name
+      @cert_cache[hash_name(name)]
+    else
+      @cert_cache.values.flatten
+    end
+  end
+
+  def get_crls(name = nil)
+    if name
+      @crl_cache[hash_name(name)]
+    else
+      @crl_cache.values.flatten
+    end
+  end
+
+  def delete_crl(crl)
+    File.unlink(crl_filename(crl))
+    hash_dir(true)
+  end
+
+  def add_crl(crl)
+    File.open(crl_filename(crl), "w") do |f|
+      f << crl.to_pem
+    end
+    hash_dir(true)
+  end
+
+  def load_pem_file(filepath)
+    str = File.read(filepath)
+    begin
+      OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(str)
+    rescue
+      begin
+	OpenSSL::X509::CRL.new(str)
+      rescue
+	begin
+	  OpenSSL::X509::Request.new(str)
+	rescue
+	  nil
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def crl_filename(crl)
+    path(hash_name(crl.issuer)) + '.pem'
+  end
+
+  def do_hash_dir
+    Dir.chdir(@dirpath) do
+      delete_symlink
+      Dir.glob('*.pem') do |pemfile|
+	cert = load_pem_file(pemfile)
+	case cert
+	when OpenSSL::X509::Certificate
+	  link_hash_cert(pemfile, cert)
+	when OpenSSL::X509::CRL
+	  link_hash_crl(pemfile, cert)
+	else
+	  STDERR.puts("WARNING: #{pemfile} does not contain a certificate or CRL: skipping") unless @silent
+	end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def delete_symlink
+    Dir.entries(".").each do |entry|
+      next unless /^[\da-f]+\.r{0,1}\d+$/ =~ entry
+      File.unlink(entry) if FileTest.symlink?(entry)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def link_hash_cert(org_filename, cert)
+    name_hash = hash_name(cert.subject)
+    fingerprint = fingerprint(cert.to_der)
+    filepath = link_hash(org_filename, name_hash, fingerprint) { |idx|
+      "#{name_hash}.#{idx}"
+    }
+    unless filepath
+      unless @silent
+	STDERR.puts("WARNING: Skipping duplicate certificate #{org_filename}")
+      end
+    else
+      (@cert_cache[name_hash] ||= []) << path(filepath)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def link_hash_crl(org_filename, crl)
+    name_hash = hash_name(crl.issuer)
+    fingerprint = fingerprint(crl.to_der)
+    filepath = link_hash(org_filename, name_hash, fingerprint) { |idx|
+      "#{name_hash}.r#{idx}"
+    }
+    unless filepath
+      unless @silent
+	STDERR.puts("WARNING: Skipping duplicate CRL #{org_filename}")
+      end
+    else
+      (@crl_cache[name_hash] ||= []) << path(filepath)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def link_hash(org_filename, name, fingerprint)
+    idx = 0
+    filepath = nil
+    while true
+      filepath = yield(idx)
+      break unless FileTest.symlink?(filepath) or FileTest.exist?(filepath)
+      if @fingerprint_cache[filepath] == fingerprint
+	return false
+      end
+      idx += 1
+    end
+    STDOUT.puts("#{org_filename} => #{filepath}") unless @silent
+    symlink(org_filename, filepath)
+    @fingerprint_cache[filepath] = fingerprint
+    filepath
+  end
+
+  def symlink(from, to)
+    begin
+      File.symlink(from, to)
+    rescue
+      File.open(to, "w") do |f|
+	f << File.read(from)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def path(filename)
+    File.join(@dirpath, filename)
+  end
+
+  def hash_name(name)
+    sprintf("%x", name.hash)
+  end
+
+  def fingerprint(der)
+    Digest::MD5.hexdigest(der).upcase
+  end
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  dirlist = ARGV
+  dirlist << '/usr/ssl/certs' if dirlist.empty?
+  dirlist.each do |dir|
+    CHashDir.new(dir).hash_dir
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/cert2text.rb b/sample/openssl/cert2text.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50da224
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/cert2text.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'openssl'
+include OpenSSL::X509
+
+def cert2text(cert_str)
+  [Certificate, CRL, Request].each do |klass|
+    begin
+      puts klass.new(cert_str).to_text
+      return
+    rescue
+    end
+  end
+  raise ArgumentError.new('Unknown format.')
+end
+
+if ARGV.empty?
+  cert2text(STDIN.read)
+else
+  ARGV.each do |file|
+    cert2text(File.read(file))
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/certstore.rb b/sample/openssl/certstore.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0bc21b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/certstore.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+require 'c_rehash'
+require 'crlstore'
+
+
+class CertStore
+  include OpenSSL
+  include X509
+
+  attr_reader :self_signed_ca
+  attr_reader :other_ca
+  attr_reader :ee
+  attr_reader :crl
+  attr_reader :request
+
+  def initialize(certs_dir)
+    @certs_dir = certs_dir
+    @c_store = CHashDir.new(@certs_dir)
+    @c_store.hash_dir(true)
+    @crl_store = CrlStore.new(@c_store)
+    @x509store = Store.new
+    @self_signed_ca = @other_ca = @ee = @crl = nil
+
+    # Uncomment this line to let OpenSSL to check CRL for each certs.
+    # @x509store.flags = V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK | V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK_ALL
+
+    add_path
+    scan_certs
+  end
+
+  def generate_cert(filename)
+    @c_store.load_pem_file(filename)
+  end
+
+  def verify(cert)
+    error, crl_map = do_verify(cert)
+    if error
+      [[false, cert, crl_map[cert.subject], error]]
+    else
+      @x509store.chain.collect { |c| [true, c, crl_map[c.subject], nil] }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def match_cert(cert1, cert2)
+    (cert1.issuer.cmp(cert2.issuer) == 0) and cert1.serial == cert2.serial
+  end
+
+  def is_ca?(cert)
+    case guess_cert_type(cert)
+    when CERT_TYPE_SELF_SIGNED
+      true
+    when CERT_TYPE_OTHER
+      true
+    else
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def scan_certs
+    @self_signed_ca = []
+    @other_ca = []
+    @ee = []
+    @crl = []
+    @request = []
+    load_certs
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def add_path
+    @x509store.add_path(@certs_dir)
+  end
+
+  def do_verify(cert)
+    error_map = {}
+    crl_map = {}
+    result = @x509store.verify(cert) do |ok, ctx|
+      cert = ctx.current_cert
+      if ctx.current_crl
+	crl_map[cert.subject] = true
+      end
+      if ok
+	if !ctx.current_crl
+	  if crl = @crl_store.find_crl(cert)
+	    crl_map[cert.subject] = true
+	    if crl.revoked.find { |revoked| revoked.serial == cert.serial }
+	      ok = false
+	      error_string = 'certification revoked'
+	    end
+	  end
+	end
+      end
+      error_map[cert.subject] = error_string if error_string
+      ok
+    end
+    error = if result
+	nil
+      else
+	error_map[cert.subject] || @x509store.error_string
+      end
+    return error, crl_map
+  end
+
+  def load_certs
+    @c_store.get_certs.each do |certfile|
+      cert = generate_cert(certfile)
+      case guess_cert_type(cert)
+      when CERT_TYPE_SELF_SIGNED
+	@self_signed_ca << cert
+      when CERT_TYPE_OTHER
+	@other_ca << cert
+      when CERT_TYPE_EE
+	@ee << cert
+      else
+	raise "Unknown cert type."
+      end
+    end
+    @c_store.get_crls.each do |crlfile|
+      @crl << generate_cert(crlfile)
+    end
+  end
+
+  CERT_TYPE_SELF_SIGNED = 0
+  CERT_TYPE_OTHER = 1
+  CERT_TYPE_EE = 2
+  def guess_cert_type(cert)
+    ca = self_signed = is_cert_self_signed(cert)
+    cert.extensions.each do |ext|
+      # Ignores criticality of extensions.  It's 'guess'ing.
+      case ext.oid
+      when 'basicConstraints'
+	/CA:(TRUE|FALSE), pathlen:(\d+)/ =~ ext.value
+	ca = ($1 == 'TRUE') unless ca
+      when 'keyUsage'
+	usage = ext.value.split(/\s*,\s*/)
+	ca = usage.include?('Certificate Sign') unless ca
+      when 'nsCertType'
+	usage = ext.value.split(/\s*,\s*/)
+	ca = usage.include?('SSL CA') unless ca
+      end
+    end
+    if ca
+      if self_signed
+	CERT_TYPE_SELF_SIGNED
+      else
+	CERT_TYPE_OTHER
+      end
+    else
+      CERT_TYPE_EE
+    end
+  end
+
+  def is_cert_self_signed(cert)
+    # cert.subject.cmp(cert.issuer) == 0
+    cert.subject.to_s == cert.issuer.to_s
+  end
+end
+
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  c = CertStore.new("trust_certs")
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/cipher.rb b/sample/openssl/cipher.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58b10d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/cipher.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require 'openssl'
+
+def crypt_by_password(alg, pass, salt, text)
+  puts "--Setup--"
+  puts %(cipher alg:    "#{alg}")
+  puts %(plain text:    "#{text}")
+  puts %(password:      "#{pass}")
+  puts %(salt:          "#{salt}")
+  puts
+
+  puts "--Encrypting--"
+  enc = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new(alg)
+  enc.encrypt
+  enc.pkcs5_keyivgen(pass, salt)
+  cipher =  enc.update(text)
+  cipher << enc.final
+  puts %(encrypted text: #{cipher.inspect})
+  puts
+
+  puts "--Decrypting--"
+  dec = OpenSSL::Cipher::Cipher.new(alg)
+  dec.decrypt
+  dec.pkcs5_keyivgen(pass, salt)
+  plain =  dec.update(cipher)
+  plain << dec.final
+  puts %(decrypted text: "#{plain}")
+  puts
+end
+
+def ciphers
+  ciphers = OpenSSL::Cipher.ciphers.sort
+  ciphers.each{|i|
+    if i.upcase != i && ciphers.include?(i.upcase)
+      ciphers.delete(i)
+    end
+  }
+  return ciphers
+end
+
+puts "Supported ciphers in #{OpenSSL::OPENSSL_VERSION}:"
+ciphers.each_with_index{|name, i|
+  printf("%-15s", name)
+  puts if (i + 1) % 5 == 0
+}
+puts
+puts
+
+alg  = ARGV.shift || ciphers.first
+pass = "secret password"
+salt = "8 octets"        # or nil
+text = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
+
+crypt_by_password(alg, pass, salt, text)
diff --git a/sample/openssl/crlstore.rb b/sample/openssl/crlstore.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b305913
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/crlstore.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+begin
+  require 'http-access2'
+rescue LoadError
+  STDERR.puts("Cannot load http-access2.  CRL might not be fetched.")
+end
+require 'c_rehash'
+
+
+class CrlStore
+  def initialize(c_store)
+    @c_store = c_store
+    @c_store.hash_dir(true)
+  end
+
+  def find_crl(cert)
+    do_find_crl(cert)
+  end
+
+private
+
+  def do_find_crl(cert)
+    unless ca = find_ca(cert)
+      return nil
+    end
+    unless crlfiles = @c_store.get_crls(ca.subject)
+      if crl = renew_crl(cert, ca)
+	@c_store.add_crl(crl)
+	return crl
+      end
+      return nil
+    end
+    crlfiles.each do |crlfile|
+      next unless crl = load_crl(crlfile)
+      if crl.next_update < Time.now
+	if new_crl = renew_crl(cert, ca)
+	  @c_store.delete_crl(crl)
+	  @c_store.add_crl(new_crl)
+	  crl = new_crl
+	end
+      end
+      if check_valid(crl, ca)
+	return crl
+      end
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def find_ca(cert)
+    @c_store.get_certs(cert.issuer).each do |cafile|
+      ca = load_cert(cafile)
+      if cert.verify(ca.public_key)
+	return ca
+      end
+    end
+    nil
+  end
+
+  def fetch(location)
+    if /\AURI:(.*)\z/ =~ location
+      begin
+	c = HTTPAccess2::Client.new(ENV['http_proxy'] || ENV['HTTP_PROXY'])
+	c.get_content($1)
+      rescue NameError, StandardError
+	nil
+      end
+    else
+      nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def load_cert(certfile)
+    load_cert_str(File.read(certfile))
+  end
+
+  def load_crl(crlfile)
+    load_crl_str(File.read(crlfile))
+  end
+
+  def load_cert_str(cert_str)
+    OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(cert_str)
+  end
+
+  def load_crl_str(crl_str)
+    OpenSSL::X509::CRL.new(crl_str)
+  end
+
+  def check_valid(crl, ca)
+    unless crl.verify(ca.public_key)
+      return false
+    end
+    crl.last_update <= Time.now
+  end
+
+  RE_CDP = /\AcrlDistributionPoints\z/
+  def get_cdp(cert)
+    if cdp_ext = cert.extensions.find { |ext| RE_CDP =~ ext.oid }
+      cdp_ext.value.chomp
+    else
+      false
+    end
+  end
+
+  def renew_crl(cert, ca)
+    if cdp = get_cdp(cert)
+      if new_crl_str = fetch(cdp)
+	new_crl = load_crl_str(new_crl_str)
+	if check_valid(new_crl, ca)
+	  return new_crl
+	end
+      end
+    end
+    false
+  end
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  dir = "trust_certs"
+  c_store = CHashDir.new(dir)
+  s = CrlStore.new(c_store)
+  c = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("cert_store/google_codesign.pem"))
+  p s.find_crl(c)
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/echo_cli.rb b/sample/openssl/echo_cli.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..069a21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/echo_cli.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'socket'
+require 'openssl'
+require 'optparse'
+
+options = ARGV.getopts("p:c:k:C:")
+
+host      = ARGV[0] || "localhost"
+port      = options["p"] || "2000"
+cert_file = options["c"]
+key_file  = options["k"]
+ca_path   = options["C"]
+
+ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new()
+if cert_file && key_file
+  ctx.cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File::read(cert_file))
+  ctx.key  = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File::read(key_file))
+end
+if ca_path
+  ctx.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER
+  ctx.ca_path = ca_path
+else
+  $stderr.puts "!!! WARNING: PEER CERTIFICATE WON'T BE VERIFIED !!!"
+end
+
+s = TCPSocket.new(host, port)
+ssl = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLSocket.new(s, ctx)
+ssl.connect # start SSL session
+p ssl.peer_cert
+errors = Hash.new
+OpenSSL::X509.constants.grep(/^V_(ERR_|OK)/).each do |name|
+  errors[OpenSSL::X509.const_get(name)] = name
+end
+p errors[ssl.verify_result]
+
+ssl.sync_close = true  # if true the underlying socket will be
+                       # closed in SSLSocket#close. (default: false)
+while line = $stdin.gets
+  ssl.write line
+  puts ssl.gets.inspect
+end
+
+ssl.close
diff --git a/sample/openssl/echo_svr.rb b/sample/openssl/echo_svr.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..719de6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/echo_svr.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'socket'
+require 'openssl'
+require 'optparse'
+
+options = ARGV.getopts("p:c:k:C:")
+
+port      = options["p"] || "2000"
+cert_file = options["c"]
+key_file  = options["k"]
+ca_path   = options["C"]
+
+if cert_file && key_file
+  cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File::read(cert_file))
+  key  = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File::read(key_file))
+else
+  key = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(512){ print "." }
+  puts
+  cert = OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new
+  cert.version = 2
+  cert.serial = 0
+  name = OpenSSL::X509::Name.new([["C","JP"],["O","TEST"],["CN","localhost"]])
+  cert.subject = name
+  cert.issuer = name
+  cert.not_before = Time.now
+  cert.not_after = Time.now + 3600
+  cert.public_key = key.public_key
+  ef = OpenSSL::X509::ExtensionFactory.new(nil,cert)
+  cert.extensions = [
+    ef.create_extension("basicConstraints","CA:FALSE"),
+    ef.create_extension("subjectKeyIdentifier","hash"),
+    ef.create_extension("extendedKeyUsage","serverAuth"),
+    ef.create_extension("keyUsage",
+                        "keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment,digitalSignature")
+  ]
+  ef.issuer_certificate = cert
+  cert.add_extension ef.create_extension("authorityKeyIdentifier",
+                                         "keyid:always,issuer:always")
+  cert.sign(key, OpenSSL::Digest::SHA1.new)
+end
+
+ctx = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLContext.new()
+ctx.key = key
+ctx.cert = cert
+if ca_path
+  ctx.verify_mode =
+    OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER|OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT
+  ctx.ca_path = ca_path
+else
+  $stderr.puts "!!! WARNING: PEER CERTIFICATE WON'T BE VERIFIED !!!"
+end
+
+tcps = TCPServer.new(port)
+ssls = OpenSSL::SSL::SSLServer.new(tcps, ctx)
+loop do
+  ns = ssls.accept
+  puts "connected from #{ns.peeraddr}"
+  while line = ns.gets
+    puts line.inspect
+    ns.write line
+  end
+  puts "connection closed"
+  ns.close
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/gen_csr.rb b/sample/openssl/gen_csr.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4228707
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/gen_csr.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'optparse'
+require 'openssl'
+
+include OpenSSL
+
+def usage
+  myname = File::basename($0)
+  $stderr.puts <<EOS
+Usage: #{myname} [--key keypair_file] name
+  name ... ex. /C=JP/O=RRR/OU=CA/CN=NaHi/emailAddress=nahi@example.org
+EOS
+  exit
+end
+
+options = ARGV.getopts(nil, "key:", "csrout:", "keyout:")
+keypair_file = options["key"]
+csrout = options["csrout"] || "csr.pem"
+keyout = options["keyout"] || "keypair.pem"
+
+$stdout.sync = true
+name_str = ARGV.shift or usage()
+name = X509::Name.parse(name_str)
+
+keypair = nil
+if keypair_file
+  keypair = PKey::RSA.new(File.open(keypair_file).read)
+else
+  keypair = PKey::RSA.new(1024) { putc "." }
+  puts
+  puts "Writing #{keyout}..."
+  File.open(keyout, "w", 0400) do |f|
+    f << keypair.to_pem
+  end
+end
+
+puts "Generating CSR for #{name_str}"
+
+req = X509::Request.new
+req.version = 0
+req.subject = name
+req.public_key = keypair.public_key
+req.sign(keypair, Digest::MD5.new)
+
+puts "Writing #{csrout}..."
+File.open(csrout, "w") do |f|
+  f << req.to_pem
+end
+puts req.to_text
+puts req.to_pem
diff --git a/sample/openssl/smime_read.rb b/sample/openssl/smime_read.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17394f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/smime_read.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'optparse'
+require 'openssl'
+include OpenSSL
+
+options = ARGV.getopts("c:k:C:")
+
+cert_file = options["c"]
+key_file  = options["k"]
+ca_path   = options["C"]
+
+data = $stdin.read
+
+cert = X509::Certificate.new(File::read(cert_file))
+key = PKey::RSA.new(File::read(key_file))
+p7enc = PKCS7::read_smime(data)
+data = p7enc.decrypt(key, cert)
+
+store = X509::Store.new
+store.add_path(ca_path)
+p7sig = PKCS7::read_smime(data)
+if p7sig.verify([], store)
+  puts p7sig.data
+end
diff --git a/sample/openssl/smime_write.rb b/sample/openssl/smime_write.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a5236c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/smime_write.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require 'openssl'
+require 'optparse'
+include OpenSSL
+
+options = ARGV.getopts("c:k:r:")
+
+cert_file = options["c"]
+key_file  = options["k"]
+rcpt_file = options["r"]
+
+cert = X509::Certificate.new(File::read(cert_file))
+key = PKey::RSA.new(File::read(key_file))
+
+data  = "Content-Type: text/plain\r\n"
+data << "\r\n"
+data << "This is a clear-signed message.\r\n"
+
+p7sig  = PKCS7::sign(cert, key, data, [], PKCS7::DETACHED)
+smime0 = PKCS7::write_smime(p7sig)
+
+rcpt  = X509::Certificate.new(File::read(rcpt_file))
+p7enc = PKCS7::encrypt([rcpt], smime0)
+print PKCS7::write_smime(p7enc)
diff --git a/sample/openssl/wget.rb b/sample/openssl/wget.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee63720
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/openssl/wget.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require 'net/https'
+require 'optparse'
+
+options = ARGV.getopts('C:')
+
+cert_store = options["C"]
+
+uri = URI.parse(ARGV[0])
+if proxy = ENV['HTTP_PROXY']
+  prx_uri = URI.parse(proxy)
+  prx_host = prx_uri.host
+  prx_port = prx_uri.port
+end
+
+h = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port, prx_host, prx_port)
+h.set_debug_output($stderr) if $DEBUG
+if uri.scheme == "https"
+  h.use_ssl = true
+  if cert_store
+    if File.directory?(cert_store)
+      h.ca_path = cert_store
+    else
+      h.ca_file = cert_store
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+path = uri.path.empty? ? "/" : uri.path
+h.get2(path){|resp|
+  STDERR.puts h.peer_cert.inspect if h.peer_cert
+  print resp.body
+}
diff --git a/sample/optparse/opttest.rb b/sample/optparse/opttest.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..9247af4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/optparse/opttest.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/ruby -I.
+
+require 'optparse'
+require 'optparse/time'
+require 'pp'
+
+# keywords
+CODES = %w[iso-2022-jp shift_jis euc-jp utf8 binary]
+CODE_ALIASES = {"jis" => "iso-2022-jp", "sjis" => "shift_jis"}
+POSSIBLE_CODES = "(#{(CODES+CODE_ALIASES.keys).join(',')})"
+
+ARGV.options do
+  |opts|
+  opts.banner << " argv..."
+
+  # separator
+  opts.on_tail
+  opts.on_tail("common options:")
+
+  # no argument, shows at tail
+  opts.on_tail("--help", "show this message") {puts opts; exit}
+
+  # mandatory argument
+  opts.on("-r", "--require=LIBRARY", String,
+	  "require the LIBRARY, before",
+	  "executing your script") {|lib|@library=lib}
+
+  # optional argument
+  opts.on("-i", "--inplace=[EXTENSION]",
+	  "edit ARGV files in place", # multiline description
+	  "(make backup if EXTENSION supplied)") {|inplace| @inplace = inplace || ''}
+
+  opts.on("-N=[NUM]", Integer) {|num|@number=num}
+
+  # additional class
+  opts.on("-t", "--[no-]time[=TIME]", Time, "it's the time") {|time|@time=time}
+
+  # limit argument syntax
+  opts.on("-[0-7]", "-F", "--irs=[OCTAL]", OptionParser::OctalInteger,
+	  "specify record separator", "(\\0, if no argument)") {|irs|@irs=irs}
+
+  # boolean switch(default true)
+  @exec = true
+  opts.on("-n", "--no-exec[=FLAG]", TrueClass, "not really execute") {|exec|@exec=exec}
+
+  # array
+  opts.on("-a", "--list[=LIST,LIST]", Array, "list") {|list|@list=list}
+
+  # fixed size array
+  opts.on("--pair[=car,cdr]", Array, "pair") {|x,y|@x=x; @y=y}
+
+  # keyword completion
+  opts.on("--code=CODE", CODES, CODE_ALIASES, "select coding system",
+	  "("+CODES.join(",")+",", " "+CODE_ALIASES.keys.join(",")+")") {|c|@code=c}
+
+  # optional argument with keyword completion
+  opts.on("--type[=TYPE]", [:text, :binary], "select type(text, binary)") {|t|@type=t}
+
+  # boolean switch with optional argument(default false)
+  opts.on("-v", "--[no-]verbose=[FLAG]", "run verbosely") {|v|@verbose=v}
+
+  # easy way, set local variable
+  opts.on("-q", "--quit", "quit when ARGV is empty") {|q|@quit=q}
+
+  # adding on the fly
+  opts.on("--add=SWITCH=[ARG]", "add option on the fly", /\A(\w+)(?:=.+)?\Z/) do
+    |opt, var|
+    opts.on("--#{opt}", "added in runtime", &eval("proc {|x|@#{var}=x}"))
+  end
+
+  opts.on_head("specific options:")
+
+  # no argument
+  opts.on_tail("--version", "show version") do
+    puts OptionParser::Version.join('.')
+    exit
+  end
+  opts.parse!
+end
+
+pp self
+begin print ARGV.options; exit end if @quit
+ARGV.options = nil		# no more parse
+puts "ARGV = #{ARGV.join(' ')}" if !ARGV.empty?
+#opts.variable.each {|sym| puts "#{sym} = #{opts.send(sym).inspect}"}
diff --git a/sample/optparse/subcommand.rb b/sample/optparse/subcommand.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..21c42dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/optparse/subcommand.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#! /usr/bin/ruby
+# contributed by Minero Aoki.
+
+require 'optparse'
+
+parser = OptionParser.new
+parser.on('-i') { puts "-i" }
+parser.on('-o') { puts '-o' }
+
+subparsers = Hash.new {|h,k|
+  $stderr.puts "no such subcommand: #{k}"
+  exit 1
+}
+subparsers['add'] = OptionParser.new.on('-i') { puts "add -i" }
+subparsers['del'] = OptionParser.new.on('-i') { puts "del -i" }
+subparsers['list'] = OptionParser.new.on('-i') { puts "list -i" }
+
+parser.order!(ARGV)
+subparsers[ARGV.shift].parse!(ARGV) unless ARGV.empty?
diff --git a/sample/philos.rb b/sample/philos.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c8f43c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/philos.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#
+# The Dining Philosophers - thread example
+#
+require "thread"
+
+srand
+#srand
+N=9				# number of philosophers
+$forks = []
+for i in 0..N-1
+  $forks[i] = Mutex.new
+end
+$state = "-o"*N
+
+def wait
+  sleep rand(20)/10.0
+end
+
+def think(n)
+  wait
+end
+
+def eat(n)
+  wait
+end
+
+def philosopher(n)
+  while true
+    think n
+    $forks[n].lock
+    if not $forks[(n+1)%N].try_lock
+      $forks[n].unlock		# avoid deadlock
+      next
+    end
+    $state[n*2] = ?|;
+    $state[(n+1)%N*2] = ?|;
+    $state[n*2+1] = ?*;
+    print $state, "\n"
+    eat(n)
+    $state[n*2] = ?-;
+    $state[(n+1)%N*2] = ?-;
+    $state[n*2+1] = ?o;
+    print $state, "\n"
+    $forks[n].unlock
+    $forks[(n+1)%N].unlock
+  end
+end
+
+for n in 0..N-1
+  Thread.start(n){|i| philosopher(i)}
+  sleep 0.1
+end
+
+sleep
diff --git a/sample/pi.rb b/sample/pi.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63be974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/pi.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+k, a, b, a1, b1 = 2, 4, 1, 12, 4
+
+loop do
+  # Next approximation
+  p, q, k = k*k, 2*k+1, k+1
+  a, b, a1, b1 = a1, b1, p*a+q*a1, p*b+q*b1
+  # Print common digits
+  d = a / b
+  d1 = a1 / b1
+  while d == d1
+    print d
+    $stdout.flush
+    a, a1 = 10*(a%b), 10*(a1%b1)
+    d, d1 = a/b, a1/b1
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/pty/expect_sample.rb b/sample/pty/expect_sample.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d3b072b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/pty/expect_sample.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#
+# sample program of expect.rb
+#
+#  by A. Ito
+#
+#  This program reports the latest version of ruby interpreter
+#  by connecting to ftp server at ruby-lang.org.
+#
+require 'pty'
+require 'expect'
+
+fnames = []
+PTY.spawn("ftp ftp.ruby-lang.org") do |r_f,w_f,pid|
+  w_f.sync = true
+
+  $expect_verbose = false
+
+  if !ENV['USER'].nil?
+    username = ENV['USER']
+  elsif !ENV['LOGNAME'].nil?
+    username = ENV['LOGNAME']
+  else
+    username = 'guest'
+  end
+
+  r_f.expect(/^(Name).*: |(word):|> /) do
+    w_f.puts($1 ? "ftp" : $2 ? "#{username}@" : "cd pub/ruby")
+  end
+  r_f.expect("> ") do
+    w_f.print "dir\n"
+  end
+
+  r_f.expect(/[^\-]> /) do |output|
+    for x in output[0].split("\n")
+      if x =~ /(ruby.*?\.tar\.gz)/ then
+         fnames.push $1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+  begin
+    w_f.print "quit\n"
+  rescue
+  end
+end
+
+print "The latest ruby interpreter is "
+print fnames.sort.pop
+print "\n"
diff --git a/sample/pty/script.rb b/sample/pty/script.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..903a6f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/pty/script.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+require 'pty'
+
+if ARGV.size == 0 then
+  ofile = "typescript"
+else
+  ofile = ARGV[0]
+end
+
+logfile = File.open(ofile,"a")
+
+system "stty -echo raw lnext ^_"
+
+PTY.spawn("/bin/csh") do |r_pty,w_pty,pid|
+
+  Thread.new do
+    while true
+      w_pty.print STDIN.getc.chr
+      w_pty.flush
+    end
+  end
+
+  begin
+    while true
+      c = r_pty.sysread(512)
+      break if c.nil?
+      print c
+      STDOUT.flush
+      logfile.print c
+    end
+  rescue
+  #  print $@,':',$!,"\n"
+    logfile.close
+  end
+end
+
+system "stty echo -raw lnext ^v"
+
diff --git a/sample/pty/shl.rb b/sample/pty/shl.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cdaf8d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/pty/shl.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#
+#  old-fashioned 'shl' like program
+#  by A. Ito
+#
+#  commands:
+#     c        creates new shell
+#     C-z      suspends shell
+#     p        lists all shell
+#     0,1,...  choose shell
+#     q        quit
+
+require 'pty'
+
+$shells = []
+$n_shells = 0
+
+$r_pty = nil
+$w_pty = nil
+
+def writer
+  system "stty -echo raw"
+  begin
+    while true
+      c = STDIN.getc
+      if c == 26 then # C-z
+        $reader.raise(nil)
+        return 'Suspend'
+      end
+      $w_pty.print c.chr
+      $w_pty.flush
+    end
+  rescue
+    $reader.raise(nil)
+    return 'Exit'
+  ensure
+    system "stty echo -raw"
+  end
+end
+
+$reader = Thread.new {
+  while true
+    begin
+      next if $r_pty.nil?
+      c = $r_pty.getc
+      if c.nil? then
+        Thread.stop
+      end
+      print c.chr
+      STDOUT.flush
+    rescue
+      Thread.stop
+    end
+  end
+}
+
+# $reader.raise(nil)
+
+
+while true
+  print ">> "
+  STDOUT.flush
+  case gets
+  when /^c/i
+    $shells[$n_shells] = PTY.spawn("/bin/csh")
+    $r_pty,$w_pty = $shells[$n_shells]
+    $n_shells += 1
+    $reader.run
+    if writer == 'Exit'
+      $n_shells -= 1
+      $shells[$n_shells] = nil
+    end
+  when /^p/i
+    for i in 0..$n_shells
+      unless $shells[i].nil?
+        print i,"\n"
+      end
+    end
+  when /^([0-9]+)/
+    n = $1.to_i
+    if $shells[n].nil?
+      print "\##{i} doesn't exist\n"
+    else
+      $r_pty,$w_pty = $shells[n]
+      $reader.run
+      if writer == 'Exit' then
+        $shells[n] = nil
+      end
+    end
+  when /^q/i
+    exit
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/rcs.awk b/sample/rcs.awk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0897928
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rcs.awk
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+BEGIN {
+    sw = 40.0;
+    dw = 78.0;
+    hdw = dw / 2.0;
+    w = 20.0;
+    h =1.0;
+    d = 0.2;
+    ss="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789!#$%^&*()-=\\[];'`,./";
+    rnd = srand();
+}
+
+{
+    xr = -hdw; y = h * 1.0; maxxl = -999;
+    s = "";
+    while (xr < hdw) {
+	x = xr * (1 + y) - y * w / 2;
+	i = (x / (1 + h) + sw /2);
+	c = (0 < i && i < length($0)) ? substr($0, i, 1) : "0";
+	y = h - d * c;
+	xl = xr - w * y / (1 + y);
+	if (xl < -hdw || xl >= hdw || xl <= maxxl) {
+	    t = rand() * length(ss);
+	    c = substr(ss, t, 1);
+	}
+	else {
+	    c = substr(s, xl + hdw, 1);
+	    maxxl = xl;
+	}
+	s = s c;
+	xr = xr + 1;
+    }
+    print s;
+}
diff --git a/sample/rcs.dat b/sample/rcs.dat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61c88bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rcs.dat
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+0000000000000000220000000000000000
+0000000000000111221110000000000000
+0000000000111112222111110000000000
+0000000111111112222111111110000000
+0000111111111122222211111111110000
+0111111111111222222221111111111110
+2222222222222222222222222222222222
+1122222222222222222222222222222211
+0111122222222222222222222222211110
+0011111122222222222222222211111100
+0001111111222222222222221111111000
+0000111112222222222222222111110000
+0000011122222222112222222211100000
+0000001122222221111222222211000000
+0000000122221111111111222210000000
+0000000221111111111111111220000000
+0000000000000000000000000000000000
diff --git a/sample/rcs.rb b/sample/rcs.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bdf81c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rcs.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+# random dot steraogram
+# usage: rcs.rb rcs.dat
+
+sw = 40.0	# width of original pattern
+dw = 78.0	# width of generating Random Character Streogram
+hdw = dw / 2.0
+w = 20.0	# distance between eyes
+h =1.0		# distance from screen and base plane
+d = 0.2		# z value unit
+ss="abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789#!$%^&*()-=\\[];'`,./"
+rnd = srand()	# You don't actually need this in ruby - srand() is called
+		# on the first call of rand().
+
+while gets()
+#  print($_)
+  xr = -hdw; y = h * 1.0; maxxl = -999
+  s = ""
+  while xr < hdw
+    x = xr * (1 + y) - y * w / 2
+    i = (x / (1 + h) + sw / 2)
+    if (1 < i && i < $_.length)
+      c = $_[i, 1].to_i
+    else
+      c = 0
+    end
+    y = h - d * c
+    xl = xr - w * y / (1 + y)
+    if xl < -hdw || xl >= hdw || xl <= maxxl
+      tt = rand(ss.length)
+      c = ss[tt, 1]
+    else
+      c = s[xl + hdw, 1]
+      maxxl = xl
+    end
+    s += c
+    xr += 1
+  end
+  print(s, "\n")
+end
diff --git a/sample/rdoc/markup/rdoc2latex.rb b/sample/rdoc/markup/rdoc2latex.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa8079e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rdoc/markup/rdoc2latex.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#!/usr/local/bin/ruby
+# Illustration of a script to convert an RDoc-style file to a LaTeX document
+
+require 'rdoc/markup'
+require 'rdoc/markup/to_latex'
+
+p = RDoc::Markup.new
+h = RDoc::Markup::ToLaTeX.new
+
+#puts "\\documentclass{report}"
+#puts "\\usepackage{tabularx}"
+#puts "\\usepackage{parskip}"
+#puts "\\begin{document}"
+puts p.convert(ARGF.read, h)
+#puts "\\end{document}"
diff --git a/sample/rdoc/markup/sample.rb b/sample/rdoc/markup/sample.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db5d88d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rdoc/markup/sample.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# This program illustrates the basic use of the SimpleMarkup
+# class. It extracts the first comment block from the
+# simple_markup.rb file and converts it into HTML on
+# standard output. Run it using
+#
+#  % ruby sample.rb
+#
+# You should be in the sample/rdoc/markup/ directory when you do this,
+# as it hardwires the path to the files it needs to require.
+# This isn't necessary in the code you write once you've
+# installed the package.
+#
+# For a better way of formatting code comment blocks (and more)
+# see the rdoc package.
+#
+
+require 'rdoc/markup/simple_markup'
+require 'rdoc/markup/simple_markup/to_html'
+
+# Extract the comment block from the source file
+
+input_string = ""
+
+File.foreach("../../../lib/rdoc/markup/simple_markup.rb") do |line|
+  break unless line.gsub!(/^\# ?/, '')
+  input_string << line
+end
+
+# Create a markup object
+markup = SM::SimpleMarkup.new
+
+# Attach it to an HTML formatter
+h = SM::ToHtml.new
+
+# And convert out comment block to html. Wrap it a body
+# tag pair to let browsers view it
+
+puts "<html><body>"
+puts markup.convert(input_string, h)
+puts "</body></html>"
diff --git a/sample/ripper/ruby2html.rb b/sample/ripper/ruby2html.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f64f5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/ripper/ruby2html.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+# $originalId: ruby2html.rb,v 1.2 2005/09/23 22:53:47 aamine Exp $
+
+TEMPLATE_LINE = __LINE__ + 2
+TEMPLATE = <<-EndTemplate
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<html>
+<head>
+  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=<%= encoding %>">
+<% if css %>
+  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="<%= css %>">
+<% end %>
+  <title><%= File.basename(f.path) %></title>
+</head>
+<body>
+<pre>
+<%
+    if print_line_number
+      Ruby2HTML.compile(f).each_with_index do |line, idx|
+%><%= sprintf('%4d  %s', idx+1, line) %><%
+      end
+    else
+%><%= Ruby2HTML.compile(f) %><%
+    end
+%>
+</pre>
+</body>
+</html>
+EndTemplate
+
+require 'ripper'
+require 'stringio'
+require 'cgi'
+require 'erb'
+require 'optparse'
+
+def main
+  encoding = 'us-ascii'
+  css = nil
+  print_line_number = false
+  parser = OptionParser.new
+  parser.banner = "Usage: #{File.basename($0)} [-l] [<file>...]"
+  parser.on('--encoding=NAME', 'Character encoding [us-ascii].') {|name|
+    encoding = name
+  }
+  parser.on('--css=URL', 'Set a link to CSS.') {|url|
+    css = url
+  }
+  parser.on('-l', '--line-number', 'Show line number.') {
+    print_line_number = true
+  }
+  parser.on('--help', 'Prints this message and quit.') {
+    puts parser.help
+    exit 0
+  }
+  begin
+    parser.parse!
+  rescue OptionParser::ParseError => err
+    $stderr.puts err
+    $stderr.puts parser.help
+    exit 1
+  end
+  puts ruby2html(ARGF, encoding, css, print_line_number)
+end
+
+class ERB
+  attr_accessor :lineno
+
+  remove_method :result
+  def result(b)
+    eval(@src, b, (@filename || '(erb)'), (@lineno || 1))
+  end
+end
+
+def ruby2html(f, encoding, css, print_line_number)
+  erb = ERB.new(TEMPLATE, nil, '>')
+  erb.filename = __FILE__
+  erb.lineno = TEMPLATE_LINE
+  erb.result(binding())
+end
+
+class Ruby2HTML < Ripper::Filter
+  def Ruby2HTML.compile(f)
+    buf = StringIO.new
+    Ruby2HTML.new(f).parse(buf)
+    buf.string
+  end
+
+  def on_default(event, tok, f)
+    f << CGI.escapeHTML(tok)
+  end
+
+  def on_kw(tok, f)
+    f << %Q[<span class="resword">#{CGI.escapeHTML(tok)}</span>]
+  end
+
+  def on_comment(tok, f)
+    f << %Q[<span class="comment">#{CGI.escapeHTML(tok.rstrip)}</span>\n]
+  end
+
+  def on_tstring_beg(tok, f)
+    f << %Q[<span class="string">#{CGI.escapeHTML(tok)}]
+  end
+
+  def on_tstring_end(tok, f)
+    f << %Q[#{CGI.escapeHTML(tok)}</span>]
+  end
+end
+
+if $0 == __FILE__
+  main
+end
diff --git a/sample/ripper/strip-comment.rb b/sample/ripper/strip-comment.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1023875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/ripper/strip-comment.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# $Id: strip-comment.rb 25189 2009-10-02 12:04:37Z akr $
+
+require 'ripper/filter'
+
+class CommentStripper < Ripper::Filter
+  def CommentStripper.strip(src)
+    new(src).parse(nil)
+  end
+
+  def on_default(event, token, data)
+    print token
+  end
+
+  def on_comment(token, data)
+    puts
+  end
+end
+
+CommentStripper.strip(ARGF)
diff --git a/sample/rss/blend.rb b/sample/rss/blend.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..351f6f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rss/blend.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "rss"
+
+feeds = []
+verbose = false
+encoding = "UTF-8"
+
+def error(exception)
+  mark = "=" * 20
+  mark = "#{mark} error #{mark}"
+  STDERR.puts mark
+  STDERR.puts exception.class
+  STDERR.puts exception.message
+  STDERR.puts exception.backtrace
+  STDERR.puts mark
+end
+
+before_time = Time.now
+ARGV.each do |fname|
+  if fname == '-v'
+    verbose = true
+    next
+  end
+  rss = nil
+  f = File.new(fname).read
+  begin
+    ## do validate parse
+    rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f)
+  rescue RSS::InvalidRSSError
+    error($!) if verbose
+    ## do non validate parse for invalid RSS 1.0
+    begin
+      rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f, false)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      ## invalid RSS.
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  rescue RSS::Error
+    error($!) if verbose
+  end
+  if rss.nil?
+    STDERR.puts "#{fname} does not include RSS 1.0 or 0.9x/2.0"
+  else
+    begin
+      rss.output_encoding = encoding
+    rescue RSS::UnknownConversionMethodError
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+    feeds << rss
+  end
+end
+processing_time = Time.now - before_time
+
+rss = RSS::Maker.make("1.0") do |maker|
+  maker.encoding = encoding
+  maker.channel.about = "http://example.com/blend.rdf"
+  maker.channel.title = "blended feeds"
+  maker.channel.link = "http://example.com/"
+  maker.channel.description = "blended feeds generated by RSS Parser"
+
+  feeds.each do |feed|
+    feed.items.each do |item|
+      item.setup_maker(maker.items)
+    end
+  end
+
+  maker.items.each do |item|
+    item.title ||= "UNKNOWN"
+    item.link ||= "UNKNOWN"
+  end
+
+  maker.items.do_sort = true
+  maker.items.max_size = 15
+end
+puts rss
+
+STDERR.puts "Used XML parser: #{RSS::Parser.default_parser}"
+STDERR.puts "Processing time: #{processing_time}s"
diff --git a/sample/rss/convert.rb b/sample/rss/convert.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..e6bff4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rss/convert.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "rss"
+
+feeds = []
+verbose = false
+encoding = "UTF-8"
+to_version = "1.0"
+
+def error(exception)
+  mark = "=" * 20
+  mark = "#{mark} error #{mark}"
+  STDERR.puts mark
+  STDERR.puts exception.class
+  STDERR.puts exception.message
+  STDERR.puts exception.backtrace
+  STDERR.puts mark
+end
+
+before_time = Time.now
+ARGV.each do |fname|
+  case fname
+  when '-v'
+    verbose = true
+    next
+  when /^-t(0\.91|1\.0|2\.0|atom)$/
+    to_version = $1
+    next
+  end
+  rss = nil
+  f = File.read(fname)
+  begin
+    ## do validate parse
+    rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f)
+  rescue RSS::InvalidRSSError
+    error($!) if verbose
+    ## do non validate parse for invalid RSS 1.0
+    begin
+      rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f, false)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      ## invalid RSS.
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  rescue RSS::Error
+    error($!) if verbose
+  end
+  if rss.nil?
+    STDERR.puts "#{fname} does not include RSS 1.0 or 0.9x/2.0"
+  else
+    begin
+      rss.output_encoding = encoding
+    rescue RSS::UnknownConversionMethodError
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+    feeds << [fname, rss]
+  end
+end
+processing_time = Time.now - before_time
+
+feeds.each do |fname, rss|
+  converted_rss = rss.to_xml(to_version)
+  output_name = fname.sub(/(\.[^\.]+)$/, "-#{to_version}\\1")
+  File.open(output_name, "w") do |output|
+    output.print(converted_rss)
+  end
+end
+
+STDERR.puts "Used XML parser: #{RSS::Parser.default_parser}"
+STDERR.puts "Processing time: #{processing_time}s"
diff --git a/sample/rss/list_description.rb b/sample/rss/list_description.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..990974d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rss/list_description.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "nkf"
+class String
+  # From tdiary.rb
+  def shorten( len = 120 )
+    lines = NKF::nkf( "-t -m0 -f#{len}", self.gsub( /\n/, ' ' ) ).split( /\n/ )
+    lines[0].concat( '...' ) if lines[0] and lines[1]
+    lines[0]
+  end
+end
+
+require "rss"
+
+channels = {}
+verbose = false
+
+def error(exception)
+  mark = "=" * 20
+  mark = "#{mark} error #{mark}"
+  puts mark
+  puts exception.class
+  puts exception.message
+  puts exception.backtrace
+  puts mark
+end
+
+before_time = Time.now
+ARGV.each do |fname|
+  if fname == '-v'
+    verbose = true
+    next
+  end
+  rss = nil
+  f = File.new(fname).read
+  begin
+    ## do validate parse
+    rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f)
+  rescue RSS::InvalidRSSError
+    error($!) if verbose
+    ## do non validate parse for invalid RSS 1.0
+    begin
+      rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f, false)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      ## invalid RSS.
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  rescue RSS::Error
+    error($!) if verbose
+  end
+  if rss.nil?
+    puts "#{fname} does not include RSS 1.0 or 0.9x/2.0"
+  else
+    begin
+      rss.output_encoding = "utf-8"
+    rescue RSS::UnknownConversionMethodError
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+
+    rss = rss.to_rss("1.0") do |maker|
+      maker.channel.about ||= maker.channel.link
+      maker.channel.description ||= "No description"
+      maker.items.each do |item|
+        item.title ||= "No title"
+        item.link ||= "UNKNOWN"
+      end
+    end
+    next if rss.nil?
+
+    rss.items.each do |item|
+      channels[rss.channel.title] ||= []
+      channels[rss.channel.title] << item if item.description
+    end
+  end
+end
+processing_time = Time.now - before_time
+
+channels.sort do |x, y|
+  x[0] <=> y[0]
+end[0..20].each do |title, items|
+  puts "Channel: #{title}" unless items.empty?
+  items.sort do |x, y|
+    x.title <=> y.title
+  end[0..10].each do |item|
+    puts "  Item: #{item.title.shorten(50)}"
+    puts "    Description: #{item.description.shorten(50)}"
+  end
+end
+
+puts "Used XML parser: #{RSS::Parser.default_parser}"
+puts "Processing time: #{processing_time}s"
diff --git a/sample/rss/re_read.rb b/sample/rss/re_read.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c386ab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rss/re_read.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "rss"
+
+def error(exception)
+  mark = "=" * 20
+  mark = "#{mark} error #{mark}"
+  puts mark
+  puts exception.class
+  puts exception.message
+  puts exception.backtrace
+  puts mark
+end
+
+verbose = false
+before_time = Time.now
+
+ARGV.each do |fname|
+  if fname == '-v'
+    verbose = true
+    next
+  end
+  source = nil
+  File.open(fname) do |f|
+    source = f.read
+  end
+
+  rss = nil
+  read = false
+  begin
+    rss = RSS::Parser.parse(source)
+    puts "Re-read valid feed: #{fname}"
+    RSS::Parser.parse(rss.to_s)
+    read = true
+  rescue RSS::InvalidRSSError
+    error($!) if verbose
+    ## do non validate parse for invalid feed
+    begin
+      rss = RSS::Parser.parse(source, false)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      ## invalid feed
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  rescue RSS::Error
+    error($!) if verbose
+  end
+
+  if rss.nil?
+    puts "Invalid feed: #{fname}"
+  elsif !read
+    puts "Re-read invalid feed: #{fname}"
+    begin
+      RSS::Parser.parse(rss.to_s)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      puts "  Error occurred: #{fname}"
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+processing_time = Time.now - before_time
+
+puts "Used XML parser: #{RSS::Parser.default_parser}"
+puts "Processing time: #{processing_time}s"
diff --git a/sample/rss/rss_recent.rb b/sample/rss/rss_recent.rb
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..14c8612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/rss/rss_recent.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+require "nkf"
+class String
+  # From tdiary.rb
+  def shorten( len = 120 )
+    lines = NKF::nkf( "-t -m0 -f#{len}", self.gsub( /\n/, ' ' ) ).split( /\n/ )
+    lines[0].concat( '...' ) if lines[0] and lines[1]
+    lines[0]
+  end
+end
+
+require "rss"
+
+items = []
+verbose = false
+
+def error(exception)
+  mark = "=" * 20
+  mark = "#{mark} error #{mark}"
+  puts mark
+  puts exception.class
+  puts exception.message
+  puts exception.backtrace
+  puts mark
+end
+before_time = Time.now
+ARGV.each do |fname|
+  if fname == '-v'
+    verbose = true
+    next
+  end
+  rss = nil
+  f = File.new(fname).read
+  begin
+    ## do validate parse
+    rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f)
+  rescue RSS::InvalidRSSError
+    error($!) if verbose
+    ## do non validate parse for invalid RSS 1.0
+    begin
+      rss = RSS::Parser.parse(f, false)
+    rescue RSS::Error
+      ## invalid RSS.
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+  rescue RSS::Error
+    error($!) if verbose
+  end
+  if rss.nil?
+    puts "#{fname} does not include RSS 1.0 or 0.9x/2.0"
+  else
+    begin
+      rss.output_encoding = "utf-8"
+    rescue RSS::UnknownConversionMethodError
+      error($!) if verbose
+    end
+
+    rss = rss.to_rss("1.0") do |maker|
+      maker.channel.about ||= maker.channel.link
+      maker.channel.description ||= "No description"
+      maker.items.each do |item|
+        item.title ||= "UNKNOWN"
+        item.link ||= "UNKNOWN"
+      end
+    end
+    next if rss.nil?
+
+    rss.items.each do |item|
+      items << [rss.channel, item] if item.dc_date
+    end
+  end
+end
+processing_time = Time.now - before_time
+
+items.sort do |x, y|
+  y[1].dc_date <=> x[1].dc_date
+end[0..20].each do |channel, item|
+  puts "#{item.dc_date.localtime.iso8601}: " <<
+    "#{channel.title}: #{item.title}"
+  puts " Description: #{item.description.shorten(50)}" if item.description
+end
+
+puts "Used XML parser: #{RSS::Parser.default_parser}"
+puts "Processing time: #{processing_time}s"
diff --git a/sample/sieve.rb b/sample/sieve.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0bb21d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/sieve.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# sieve of Eratosthenes
+max = Integer(ARGV.shift || 100)
+sieve = []
+for i in 2 .. max
+  sieve[i] = i
+end
+
+for i in 2 .. Math.sqrt(max)
+  next unless sieve[i]
+  (i*i).step(max, i) do |j|
+    sieve[j] = nil
+  end
+end
+puts sieve.compact.join(", ")
diff --git a/sample/svr.rb b/sample/svr.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb49ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/svr.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# socket example - server side
+# usage: ruby svr.rb
+
+# this server might be blocked by an ill-behaved client.
+# see tsvr.rb which is safe from client blocking.
+
+require "socket"
+
+gs = TCPServer.open(0)
+addr = gs.addr
+addr.shift
+printf("server is on %s\n", addr.join(":"))
+socks = [gs]
+
+loop do
+  nsock = select(socks);
+  next if nsock == nil
+  for s in nsock[0]
+    if s == gs
+      ns = s.accept
+      socks.push(ns)
+      print(s, " is accepted\n")
+    else
+      if s.eof?
+	print(s, " is gone\n")
+	s.close
+	socks.delete(s)
+      # single thread gets may block whole service
+      elsif str = s.gets
+	  s.write(str)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/test.rb b/sample/test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e934f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,2266 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+# -*- coding: us-ascii -*-
+
+$testnum=0
+$ntest=0
+$failed = 0
+
+def test_check(what)
+  STDERR.print "\nsample/test.rb:#{what} "
+  $what = what
+  $testnum = 0
+end
+
+def test_ok(cond,n=1)
+  $testnum+=1
+  $ntest+=1
+  where = (st = caller(n)) ? st[0] : "caller error! (n=#{n}, trace=#{caller(0).join(', ')}"
+  if cond
+    STDERR.print "."
+    printf "ok %d (%s)\n", $testnum, where
+  else
+    STDERR.print "F"
+    printf "not ok %s %d -- %s\n", $what, $testnum, where
+    $failed+=1
+  end
+  STDOUT.flush
+  STDERR.flush
+end
+
+# make sure conditional operators work
+
+test_check "assignment"
+
+a=[]; a[0] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(a[0] == "bar")
+h={}; h["foo"] ||= "bar";
+test_ok(h["foo"] == "bar")
+
+aa = 5
+aa ||= 25
+test_ok(aa == 5)
+bb ||= 25
+test_ok(bb == 25)
+cc &&=33
+test_ok(cc == nil)
+cc = 5
+cc &&=44
+test_ok(cc == 44)
+
+a = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a, = nil; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = 1; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = []; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = 1,2; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, = *[]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[1]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[nil]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+a, = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == nil)
+a, = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+a, = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == 1)
+
+*a = nil; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = 1; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = []; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = [[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = [1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = [*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = [*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = [*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *[]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[1]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[nil]; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = *[[]]; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *[1,2]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *[*[]]; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = *[*[1]]; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = nil; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = 1; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = []; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = [*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = *[]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[nil]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[1,2]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = *[*[1,2]]; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == nil)}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,| test_ok(a == 1)}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[nil]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[[]]])}
+def f; yield [1,2]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[1,2]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [nil])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|*a| test_ok(a == [1,2])}
+
+def f; yield; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield nil; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield 1; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield []; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield [*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def f; yield *[]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[1]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[nil]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])}
+def f; yield *[*[1,2]]; end; f {|a,b,*c| test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])}
+
+def r; return; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return nil; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == nil)
+def r; return 1; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == 1)
+def r; return []; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return nil; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return 1; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return []; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return [[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[1]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [nil])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return *[[]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; *a = *r(); test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+def r; return; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return nil; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return 1; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return []; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return [1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return [*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return [*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r; return *[]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[nil]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+def r; return *[1,2]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+def r; return *[*[]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+def r; return *[*[1,2]]; end; a,b,*c = r(); test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+f = lambda {|r,| test_ok([] == r)}
+f.call([], *[])
+
+f = lambda {|r,*l| test_ok([] == r); test_ok([1] == l)}
+f.call([], *[1])
+
+f = lambda{|x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|x,| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == 42)
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda{|*x| x}
+test_ok(f.call(42) == [42])
+test_ok(f.call([42]) == [[42]])
+test_ok(f.call([[42]]) == [[[42]]])
+test_ok(f.call([42,55]) == [[42,55]])
+test_ok(f.call(42,55) == [42,55])
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c| [a,b,c] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ) == [1,42,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ) == [1,43,[  ]] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44) == [1,43,[44]] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), *c, &block| [a,b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8      )     == [8,24,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   )     == [8,43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44)     == [8,43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8      ){45} == [8,24,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43   ){45} == [8,43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43,44){45} == [8,43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, *c, d| [a,b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1      ,99) == [1,42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43   ,99) == [1,43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,44,99) == [1,43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=(a|16), &block| [a,b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(8   )     == [8,24,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43)     == [8,43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(8   ){45} == [8,24,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(8,43){45} == [8,43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |a, b=42, d| [a,b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(1   ,99) == [1,42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(1,43,99) == [1,43,99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, &block| [b,c,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(     )     == [42,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   )     == [43,[  ],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44)     == [43,[44],nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(     ){45} == [42,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ){45} == [43,[  ],45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44){45} == [43,[44],45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, *c, d| [b,c,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(      99) == [42,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43   ,99) == [43,[  ],99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,44,99) == [43,[44],99] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, &block| [b,block&&block[]] }
+test_ok(f.call(  )     == [42,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(43)     == [43,nil] )
+test_ok(f.call(  ){45} == [42,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+test_ok(f.call(43){45} == [43,45 ] )
+
+f = lambda { |b=42, d| [b,d] }
+test_ok(f.call(   99) == [42,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+test_ok(f.call(43,99) == [43,99] )
+
+
+a,=*[1]
+test_ok(a == 1)
+a,=*[[1]]
+test_ok(a == [1])
+a,=*[[[1]]]
+test_ok(a == [[1]])
+
+x, (y, z) = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2,3]
+test_ok([1,2,3] == [x,y,z])
+x, (y, z) = 1, [2]
+test_ok([1,2,nil] == [x,y,z])
+
+a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == nil)
+a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == 1)
+a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break nil; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break 1; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break []; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok(a == [nil])
+*a = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok(a == [])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok(a == [1])
+*a = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+*a = *loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok(a == [[]])
+*a = *loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+*a = *loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok(a == [1,2])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break nil; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break 1; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break []; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break [*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[nil]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [[],nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[1,2]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [nil,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,nil,[]])
+a,b,*c = loop do break *[*[1,2]]; end; test_ok([a,b,c] == [1,2,[]])
+
+def r(val); a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r(nil){next}
+r(nil){next nil}
+r(1){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+r([]){next *[]}
+r([1]){next *[1]}
+r([nil]){next *[nil]}
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([]){next *[*[]]}
+r([1]){next *[*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([nil]){next}
+r([nil]){next nil}
+r([1]){next 1}
+r([]){next []}
+r([1]){next [1]}
+r([nil]){next [nil]}
+r([[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2]){next [1,2]}
+r([]){next [*[]]}
+r([1]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); *a = *yield(); test_ok(a == val, 2); end
+r([[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next nil}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next 1}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next []}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [1]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [nil]}
+r([[],nil,[]]){next [[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [1,2]}
+r([nil,nil,[]]){next [*[]]}
+r([1,nil,[]]){next [*[1]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next [*[1,2]]}
+
+def r(val); a,b,*c = *yield(); test_ok([a,b,c] == val, 2); end
+r([[],nil,[]]){next *[[]]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[1,2]}
+r([1,2,[]]){next *[*[1,2]]}
+
+test_check "condition"
+
+$x = '0';
+
+$x == $x && test_ok(true)
+$x != $x && test_ok(false)
+$x == $x || test_ok(false)
+$x != $x || test_ok(true)
+
+# first test to see if we can run the tests.
+
+test_check "if/unless";
+
+$x = 'test';
+test_ok(if $x == $x then true else false end)
+$bad = false
+unless $x == $x
+  $bad = true
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+test_ok(unless $x != $x then true else false end)
+
+test_check "case"
+
+case 5
+when 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8
+  test_ok(false)
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 1..10
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case 5
+when 5
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+case "foobar"
+when /^f.*r$/
+  test_ok(true)
+else
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_check "while/until";
+
+tmp = open("while_tmp", "w")
+tmp.print "tvi925\n";
+tmp.print "tvi920\n";
+tmp.print "vt100\n";
+tmp.print "Amiga\n";
+tmp.print "paper\n";
+tmp.close
+
+# test break
+
+tmp = open("while_tmp", "r")
+test_ok(tmp.kind_of?(File))
+
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+
+test_ok(!tmp.eof? && /vt100/ =~ line)
+tmp.close
+
+# test next
+$bad = false
+tmp = open("while_tmp", "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  next if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(!(!tmp.eof? || /vt100/ =~ line || $bad))
+tmp.close
+
+# test redo
+$bad = false
+tmp = open("while_tmp", "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  lastline = line
+  line = line.gsub(/vt100/, 'VT100')
+  if lastline != line
+    line.gsub!('VT100', 'Vt100')
+    redo
+  end
+  $bad = 1 if /vt100/ =~ line
+  $bad = 1 if /VT100/ =~ line
+end
+test_ok(tmp.eof? && !$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+sum=0
+for i in 1..10
+  sum += i
+  i -= 1
+  if i > 0
+    redo
+  end
+end
+test_ok(sum == 220)
+
+# test interval
+$bad = false
+tmp = open("while_tmp", "r")
+while line = tmp.gets()
+  break if 3
+  case line
+  when /vt100/, /Amiga/, /paper/
+    $bad = true
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+tmp.close
+
+File.unlink "while_tmp" or `/bin/rm -f "while_tmp"`
+test_ok(!File.exist?("while_tmp"))
+
+i = 0
+until i>4
+  i+=1
+end
+test_ok(i>4)
+
+
+# exception handling
+test_check "exception";
+
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled"
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  raise "this must be handled no.2"
+rescue
+  if $bad
+    $bad = false
+    retry
+    test_ok(false)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(true)
+
+# exception in rescue clause
+$string = "this must be handled no.3"
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "exception in rescue clause"
+  rescue
+    raise $string
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue => e
+  test_ok($! == e)
+  test_ok(e.message == $string)
+  test_ok(e != $string)
+end
+
+# exception in ensure clause
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.4"
+  ensure
+    raise "exception in ensure clause"
+  end
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.5"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+begin
+  begin
+    raise "this must be handled no.6"
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+rescue
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$bad = true
+while true
+  begin
+    break
+  ensure
+    $bad = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(catch(:foo) {
+     loop do
+       loop do
+	 throw :foo, true
+	 break
+       end
+       break
+       test_ok(false)			# should no reach here
+     end
+     false
+   })
+
+test_check "array"
+test_ok([1, 2] + [3, 4] == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok([1, 2] * 2 == [1, 2, 1, 2])
+test_ok([1, 2] * ":" == "1:2")
+
+test_ok([1, 2].hash == [1, 2].hash)
+
+test_ok([1,2,3] & [2,3,4] == [2,3])
+test_ok([1,2,3] | [2,3,4] == [1,2,3,4])
+test_ok([1,2,3] - [2,3] == [1])
+
+$x = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+test_ok($x[2] == 2)
+test_ok($x[1..3] == [1, 2, 3])
+test_ok($x[1,3] == [1, 2, 3])
+
+$x[0, 2] = 10
+test_ok($x[0] == 10 && $x[1] == 2)
+
+$x[0, 0] = -1
+test_ok($x[0] == -1 && $x[1] == 10)
+
+$x[-1, 1] = 20
+test_ok($x[-1] == 20 && $x.pop == 20)
+
+# array and/or
+test_ok(([1,2,3]&[2,4,6]) == [2])
+test_ok(([1,2,3]|[2,4,6]) == [1,2,3,4,6])
+
+# compact
+$x = [nil, 1, nil, nil, 5, nil, nil]
+$x.compact!
+test_ok($x == [1, 5])
+
+# uniq
+$x = [1, 1, 4, 2, 5, 4, 5, 1, 2]
+$x.uniq!
+test_ok($x == [1, 4, 2, 5])
+
+# empty?
+test_ok(!$x.empty?)
+$x = []
+test_ok($x.empty?)
+
+# sort
+$x = ["it", "came", "to", "pass", "that", "..."]
+$x = $x.sort.join(" ")
+test_ok($x == "... came it pass that to")
+$x = [2,5,3,1,7]
+$x.sort!{|a,b| a<=>b}		# sort with condition
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,5,7])
+$x.sort!{|a,b| b-a}		# reverse sort
+test_ok($x == [7,5,3,2,1])
+
+# split test
+$x = "The Book of Mormon"
+test_ok($x.split(//).reverse!.join == $x.reverse)
+test_ok($x.reverse == $x.reverse!)
+test_ok("1 byte string".split(//).reverse.join(":") == "g:n:i:r:t:s: :e:t:y:b: :1")
+$x = "a b c  d"
+test_ok($x.split == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok($x.split(' ') == ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])
+test_ok(defined? "a".chomp)
+test_ok("abc".scan(/./) == ["a", "b", "c"])
+test_ok("1a2b3c".scan(/(\d.)/) == [["1a"], ["2b"], ["3c"]])
+# non-greedy match
+test_ok("a=12;b=22".scan(/(.*?)=(\d*);?/) == [["a", "12"], ["b", "22"]])
+
+$x = [1]
+test_ok(($x * 5).join(":") == '1:1:1:1:1')
+test_ok(($x * 1).join(":") == '1')
+test_ok(($x * 0).join(":") == '')
+
+*$x = *(1..7).to_a
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,1,2,3,2,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x[-1,0] = $x
+test_ok($x == [1,2,1,2,3,3])
+
+$x = [1,2,3]
+$x.concat($x)
+test_ok($x == [1,2,3,1,2,3])
+
+test_check "hash"
+$x = {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6}
+
+test_ok($x[1] == 2)
+
+test_ok(begin
+     for k,v in $x
+       raise if k*2 != v
+     end
+     true
+   rescue
+     false
+   end)
+
+test_ok($x.length == 3)
+test_ok($x.has_key?(1))
+test_ok($x.has_value?(4))
+test_ok($x.values_at(2,3) == [4,6])
+test_ok($x == {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6})
+
+$z = $x.keys.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "1:2:3")
+
+$z = $x.values.sort.join(":")
+test_ok($z == "2:4:6")
+test_ok($x == $x)
+
+$x.shift
+test_ok($x.length == 2)
+
+$z = [1,2]
+$x[$z] = 256
+test_ok($x[$z] == 256)
+
+$x = Hash.new(0)
+$x[1] = 1
+test_ok($x[1] == 1)
+test_ok($x[2] == 0)
+
+$x = Hash.new([])
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok($x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{[]}
+test_ok($x[22] == [])
+test_ok(!$x[22].equal?($x[22]))
+
+$x = Hash.new{|h,k| $z = k; h[k] = k*2}
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+$x.default = 5
+test_ok($x[23] == 5)
+
+$x = Hash.new
+def $x.default(k)
+  $z = k
+  self[k] = k*2
+end
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 22)
+$z = 0
+test_ok($x[22] == 44)
+test_ok($z == 0)
+
+test_check "iterator"
+
+test_ok(!iterator?)
+
+def ttt
+  test_ok(iterator?)
+end
+ttt{}
+
+# yield at top level
+test_ok(!defined?(yield))
+
+$x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+$y = []
+
+# iterator over array
+for i in $x
+  $y.push i
+end
+test_ok($x == $y)
+
+# nested iterator
+def tt
+  1.upto(10) {|i|
+    yield i
+  }
+end
+
+i=0
+tt{|i| break if i == 5}
+test_ok(i == 0)
+
+def tt2(dummy)
+  yield 1
+end
+
+def tt3(&block)
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt3{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+def tt4 &block
+  tt2(raise(ArgumentError,""),&block)
+end
+$x = false
+begin
+  tt4{}
+rescue ArgumentError
+  $x = true
+rescue Exception
+end
+test_ok($x)
+
+# iterator break/redo/next/retry
+done = true
+loop{
+  break
+  done = false			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(done)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  next
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+done = false
+$bad = false
+loop {
+  break if done
+  done = true
+  redo
+  $bad = true			# should not reach here
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+$x = []
+for i in 1 .. 7
+  $x.push i
+end
+test_ok($x.size == 7)
+test_ok($x == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+
+# append method to built-in class
+class Array
+  def iter_test1
+    collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+  def iter_test2
+    a = collect{|e| [e, yield(e)]}
+    a.sort{|a,b|a[1]<=>b[1]}
+  end
+end
+$x = [[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]]
+test_ok($x.iter_test1{|x|x} == $x.iter_test2{|x|x})
+
+class IterTest
+  def initialize(e); @body = e; end
+
+  def each0(&block); @body.each(&block); end
+  def each1(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each2(&block); @body.each {|*x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each3(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(*x) } end
+  def each4(&block); @body.each {|x| block.call(x) } end
+  def each5; @body.each {|*x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each6; @body.each {|*x| yield(x) } end
+  def each7; @body.each {|x| yield(*x) } end
+  def each8; @body.each {|x| yield(x) } end
+
+  def f(a)
+    a
+  end
+end
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([1]) == [1])
+m = /\w+/.match("abc")
+test_ok(IterTest.new(nil).method(:f).to_proc.call([m]) == [m])
+
+IterTest.new([0]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == 0)}
+IterTest.new([1]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == 1)}
+IterTest.new([2]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [2])}
+#IterTest.new([3]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([4]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == 4)}
+IterTest.new([5]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == 5)}
+IterTest.new([6]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [6])}
+#IterTest.new([7]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([8]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == 8)}
+
+IterTest.new([[0]]).each0 {|x| test_ok(x == [0])}
+IterTest.new([[1]]).each1 {|x| test_ok(x == [1])}
+IterTest.new([[2]]).each2 {|x| test_ok(x == [[2]])}
+IterTest.new([[3]]).each3 {|x| test_ok(x == 3)}
+IterTest.new([[4]]).each4 {|x| test_ok(x == [4])}
+IterTest.new([[5]]).each5 {|x| test_ok(x == [5])}
+IterTest.new([[6]]).each6 {|x| test_ok(x == [[6]])}
+IterTest.new([[7]]).each7 {|x| test_ok(x == 7)}
+IterTest.new([[8]]).each8 {|x| test_ok(x == [8])}
+
+IterTest.new([[0,0]]).each0 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[0,0]])}
+IterTest.new([[8,8]]).each8 {|*x| test_ok(x == [[8,8]])}
+
+def m0(v)
+  v
+end
+
+def m1
+  m0(block_given?)
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+def m
+  m0(block_given?,&Proc.new{})
+end
+test_ok(m1{p 'test'})
+test_ok(!m1)
+
+class C
+  include Enumerable
+  def initialize
+    @a = [1,2,3]
+  end
+  def each(&block)
+    @a.each(&block)
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(C.new.collect{|n| n} == [1,2,3])
+
+test_ok(Proc == lambda{}.class)
+test_ok(Proc == Proc.new{}.class)
+lambda{|a|test_ok(a==1)}.call(1)
+def block_test(klass, &block)
+  test_ok(klass === block)
+end
+
+block_test(NilClass)
+block_test(Proc){}
+
+def call_argument_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue ArgumentError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{||})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, lambda{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(false, lambda{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+def block_get(&block)
+  block
+end
+
+test_ok(Proc == block_get{}.class)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{||}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|})
+call_argument_test(true, block_get{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{||}))
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{||}),1)
+call_argument_test(true, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1)
+call_argument_test(false, block_get(&lambda{|a,|}),1,2)
+
+blk = block_get{11}
+test_ok(blk.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(blk.clone.call == 11)
+test_ok(block_get(&blk).class == Proc)
+
+lmd = lambda{44}
+test_ok(lmd.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.to_proc.class == Proc)
+test_ok(lmd.clone.call == 44)
+test_ok(block_get(&lmd).class == Proc)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,| a}.yield(1,2,3) == 1)
+call_argument_test(true, Proc.new{|a,|}, 1,2)
+
+test_ok(Proc.new{|&b| b.call(10)}.call {|x| x} == 10)
+test_ok(Proc.new{|a,&b| b.call(a)}.call(12) {|x| x} == 12)
+
+def test_return1
+  Proc.new {
+    return 55
+  }.yield + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return1() == 55)
+def test_return2
+  lambda {
+    return 55
+  }.call + 5
+end
+test_ok(test_return2() == 60)
+
+def proc_call(&b)
+  b.call
+end
+def proc_yield()
+  yield
+end
+def proc_return1
+  lambda{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return1() == 43)
+def proc_return2
+  ->{return 42}.call+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return2() == 43)
+def proc_return3
+  proc_call{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return3() == 42)
+def proc_return4
+  proc_yield{return 42}+1
+end
+test_ok(proc_return4() == 42)
+
+def ljump_test(state, proc, *args)
+  x = state
+  begin
+    proc.call(*args)
+  rescue LocalJumpError
+    x = !x
+  end
+  test_ok(x,2)
+end
+
+ljump_test(false, block_get{break})
+ljump_test(true, lambda{break})
+
+def exit_value_test(&block)
+  block.call
+rescue LocalJumpError
+  $!.exit_value
+end
+
+test_ok(45 == exit_value_test{break 45})
+
+test_ok(55 == begin
+              block_get{break 55}.call
+            rescue LocalJumpError
+              $!.exit_value
+            end)
+
+def block_call(&block)
+  block.call
+end
+
+def test_b1
+  block_call{break 11}
+end
+test_ok(test_b1() == 11)
+
+def ljump_rescue(r)
+  begin
+    yield
+  rescue LocalJumpError => e
+    r if /from proc-closure/ =~ e.message
+  end
+end
+
+def test_b2
+  ljump_rescue(22) do
+    block_get{break 21}.call
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b2() == 22)
+
+def test_b3
+  ljump_rescue(33) do
+    Proc.new{break 31}.yield
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b3() == 33)
+
+def test_b4
+  lambda{break 44}.call
+end
+test_ok(test_b4() == 44)
+
+def test_b5
+  ljump_rescue(55) do
+    b = block_get{break 54}
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b5() == 55)
+
+def test_b6
+  b = lambda{break 67}
+  block_call(&b)
+  66
+end
+test_ok(test_b6() == 66)
+
+def util_r7
+  block_get{break 78}
+end
+
+def test_b7
+  b = util_r7()
+  ljump_rescue(77) do
+    block_call(&b)
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b7() == 77)
+
+def util_b8(&block)
+  block_call(&block)
+end
+
+def test_b8
+  util_b8{break 88}
+end
+test_ok(test_b8() == 88)
+
+def util_b9(&block)
+  lambda{block.call; 98}.call
+end
+
+def test_b9
+  util_b9{break 99}
+end
+test_ok(test_b9() == 99)
+
+def util_b10
+  util_b9{break 100}
+end
+
+def test_b10
+  util_b10()
+end
+test_ok(test_b10() == 100)
+
+def test_b11
+  ljump_rescue(111) do
+    loop do
+      Proc.new{break 110}.yield
+      break 112
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b11() == 111)
+
+def test_b12
+  loop do
+    break lambda{break 122}.call
+    break 121
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b12() == 122)
+
+def test_b13
+  ljump_rescue(133) do
+    while true
+      Proc.new{break 130}.yield
+      break 131
+    end
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b13() == 133)
+
+def test_b14
+  while true
+    break lambda{break 144}.call
+    break 143
+  end
+end
+test_ok(test_b14() == 144)
+
+def test_b15
+  [0].each {|c| yield 1 }
+  156
+end
+test_ok(test_b15{|e| break 155 } == 155)
+
+def marity_test(m)
+  method = method(m)
+  test_ok(method.arity == method.to_proc.arity, 2)
+end
+marity_test(:test_ok)
+marity_test(:marity_test)
+marity_test(:p)
+
+lambda(&method(:test_ok)).call(true)
+lambda(&block_get{|a,n| test_ok(a,n)}).call(true, 2)
+
+class ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     block_given?
+   end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST2 < ITER_TEST1
+   def a
+     test_ok(super)
+     super
+   end
+end
+test_ok(ITER_TEST2.new.a {})
+
+class ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    return yield if block_given?
+    x
+  end
+end
+
+class ITER_TEST4 < ITER_TEST3
+  def foo x
+    test_ok(super == yield)
+    test_ok(super(x, &nil) == x)
+  end
+end
+
+ITER_TEST4.new.foo(44){55}
+
+class ITER_TEST5
+   def tt(aa)
+     aa
+   end
+
+   def uu(a)
+      class << self
+         define_method(:tt) do |sym|
+            super(sym)
+         end
+      end
+   end
+
+   def xx(*x)
+     x.size
+   end
+end
+
+a = ITER_TEST5.new
+a.uu(12)
+test_ok(a.tt(1) == 1)
+
+class ITER_TEST6 < ITER_TEST5
+   def xx(*a)
+      a << 12
+      super
+   end
+end
+
+test_ok(ITER_TEST6.new.xx([24]) == 2)
+
+test_check "float"
+test_ok(2.6.floor == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).floor == -3)
+test_ok(2.6.ceil == 3)
+test_ok((-2.6).ceil == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.truncate == 2)
+test_ok((-2.6).truncate == -2)
+test_ok(2.6.round == 3)
+test_ok((-2.4).truncate == -2)
+test_ok((13.4 % 1 - 0.4).abs < 0.0001)
+nan = 0.0/0
+def nan_test(x,y)
+  test_ok(x != y)
+  test_ok((x < y) == false)
+  test_ok((x > y) == false)
+  test_ok((x <= y) == false)
+  test_ok((x >= y) == false)
+end
+nan_test(nan, nan)
+nan_test(nan, 0)
+nan_test(nan, 1)
+nan_test(nan, -1)
+nan_test(nan, 1000)
+nan_test(nan, -1000)
+nan_test(nan, 1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, -1_000_000_000_000)
+nan_test(nan, 100.0);
+nan_test(nan, -100.0);
+nan_test(nan, 0.001);
+nan_test(nan, -0.001);
+nan_test(nan, 1.0/0);
+nan_test(nan, -1.0/0);
+
+#s = "3.7517675036461267e+17"
+#test_ok(s == sprintf("%.16e", s.to_f))
+f = 3.7517675036461267e+17
+test_ok(f == sprintf("%.16e", f).to_f)
+
+
+test_check "bignum"
+def fact(n)
+  return 1 if n == 0
+  f = 1
+  while n>0
+    f *= n
+    n -= 1
+  end
+  return f
+end
+$x = fact(40)
+test_ok($x == $x)
+test_ok($x == fact(40))
+test_ok($x < $x+2)
+test_ok($x > $x-2)
+test_ok($x == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok($x != 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x+1 == 815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000001)
+test_ok($x/fact(20) == 335367096786357081410764800000)
+$x = -$x
+test_ok($x == -815915283247897734345611269596115894272000000000)
+test_ok(2-(2**32) == -(2**32-2))
+test_ok(2**32 - 5 == (2**32-3)-2)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != (2**i))
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n1= 1 << 1000
+for i in 1000..1014
+  $good = false if ((1 << i) != n1)
+  n1 *= 2
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+n2=n1
+for i in 1..10
+  n1 = n1 / 2
+  n2 = n2 >> 1
+  $good = false if (n1 != n2)
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+$good = true;
+for i in 4000..4096
+  n1 = 1 << i;
+  if (n1**2-1) / (n1+1) != (n1-1)
+    $good = false
+  end
+end
+test_ok($good)
+
+b = 10**80
+a = b * 9 + 7
+test_ok(7 == a.modulo(b))
+test_ok(-b + 7 == a.modulo(-b))
+test_ok(b + -7 == (-a).modulo(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).modulo(-b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(b))
+test_ok(7 == a.remainder(-b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(b))
+test_ok(-7 == (-a).remainder(-b))
+
+test_ok(10**40+10**20 == 10000000000000000000100000000000000000000)
+test_ok(10**40/10**20 == 100000000000000000000)
+
+a = 677330545177305025495135714080
+b = 14269972710765292560
+test_ok(a % b == 0)
+test_ok(-a % b == 0)
+
+def shift_test(a)
+  b = a / (2 ** 32)
+  c = a >> 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+
+  b = a * (2 ** 32)
+  c = a << 32
+  test_ok(b == c)
+end
+
+shift_test(-4518325415524767873)
+shift_test(-0xfffffffffffffffff)
+
+test_check "string & char"
+
+test_ok("abcd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("abcd" =~ /abcd/)
+test_ok("abcd" === "abcd")
+# compile time string concatenation
+test_ok("ab" "cd" == "abcd")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" == "22aacd44")
+test_ok("#{22}aa" "cd#{44}" "55" "#{66}" == "22aacd445566")
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc\n" !~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abc" !~ /^d*$/)
+test_ok(("abc" =~ /d*$/) == 3)
+test_ok("" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("a\n\n" =~ /^$/)
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*a/ && $& == "abca")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*c/ && $& == "abcabc")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?a/ && $& == "a")
+test_ok("abcabc" =~ /.*?c/ && $& == "abc")
+test_ok(/(.|\n)*?\n(b|\n)/ =~ "a\nb\n\n" && $& == "a\nb")
+
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+b/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+test_ok(/^(?:ab+)+/ =~ "ababb" && $& == "ababb")
+
+test_ok(/(\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+test_ok(/(?:\s+\d+){2}/ =~ " 1 2" && $& == " 1 2")
+
+$x = <<END;
+ABCD
+ABCD
+END
+$x.gsub!(/((.|\n)*?)B((.|\n)*?)D/, '\1\3')
+test_ok($x == "AC\nAC\n")
+
+test_ok("foobar" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+test_ok("foobaz" =~ /foo(?=(bar)|(baz))/)
+
+$foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#$foo = abc" == "abc = abc")
+test_ok("#{$foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+foo = "abc"
+test_ok("#{foo} = abc" == "abc = abc")
+
+test_ok('-' * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok('-' * 1 == '-')
+test_ok('-' * 0 == '')
+
+foo = '-'
+test_ok(foo * 5 == '-----')
+test_ok(foo * 1 == '-')
+test_ok(foo * 0 == '')
+
+$x = "a.gif"
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\1') == "gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'b.\1') == "b.gif")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '\2') == "")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, 'a\2b') == "ab")
+test_ok($x.sub(/.*\.([^\.]+)$/, '<\&>') == "<a.gif>")
+
+# character constants(assumes ASCII)
+test_ok("a"[0] == ?a)
+test_ok(?a == ?a)
+test_ok(?\C-a == "\1")
+test_ok(?\M-a == "\341")
+test_ok(?\M-\C-a == "\201")
+test_ok("a".upcase![0] == ?A)
+test_ok("A".downcase![0] == ?a)
+test_ok("abc".tr!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("aabbcccc".tr_s!("a-z", "A-Z") == "ABC")
+test_ok("abcc".squeeze!("a-z") == "abc")
+test_ok("abcd".delete!("bc") == "ad")
+
+$x = "abcdef"
+$y = [ ?a, ?b, ?c, ?d, ?e, ?f ]
+$bad = false
+$x.each_byte {|i|
+  if i.chr != $y.shift
+    $bad = true
+    break
+  end
+}
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+s = "a string"
+s[0..s.size]="another string"
+test_ok(s == "another string")
+
+s = <<EOS
+#{
+[1,2,3].join(",")
+}
+EOS
+test_ok(s == "1,2,3\n")
+test_ok("Just".to_i(36) == 926381)
+test_ok("-another".to_i(36) == -23200231779)
+test_ok(1299022.to_s(36) == "ruby")
+test_ok(-1045307475.to_s(36) == "-hacker")
+test_ok("Just_another_Ruby_hacker".to_i(36) == 265419172580680477752431643787347)
+test_ok(-265419172580680477752431643787347.to_s(36) == "-justanotherrubyhacker")
+
+a = []
+(0..255).each {|n|
+  ch = [n].pack("C")
+  a.push ch if /a#{Regexp.quote ch}b/x =~ "ab"
+}
+test_ok(a.size == 0)
+
+test_check "assignment"
+a = nil
+test_ok(defined?(a))
+test_ok(a == nil)
+
+# multiple asignment
+a, b = 1, 2
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+a, b = b, a
+test_ok(a == 2 && b == 1)
+
+a, = 1,2
+test_ok(a == 1)
+
+a, *b = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == [2, 3])
+
+a, (b, c), d = 1, [2, 3], 4
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2 && c == 3 && d == 4)
+
+*a = 1, 2, 3
+test_ok(a == [1, 2, 3])
+
+*a = 4
+test_ok(a == [4])
+
+*a = nil
+test_ok(a == [nil])
+
+test_check "call"
+def aaa(a, b=100, *rest)
+  res = [a, b]
+  res += rest if rest
+  return res
+end
+
+# not enough argument
+begin
+  aaa()				# need at least 1 arg
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+begin
+  aaa				# no arg given (exception raised)
+  test_ok(false)
+rescue
+  test_ok(true)
+end
+
+test_ok(aaa(1) == [1, 100])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2) == [1, 2])
+test_ok(aaa(1, 2, 3, 4) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+test_ok(aaa(1, *[2, 3, 4]) == [1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+test_check "proc"
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 2)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 3)
+
+$proc = Proc.new{|i| i*2}
+test_ok($proc.call(2) == 4)
+test_ok($proc.call(3) == 6)
+
+Proc.new{
+  iii=5				# nested local variable
+  $proc = Proc.new{|i|
+    iii = i
+  }
+  $proc2 = Proc.new {
+    $x = iii			# nested variables shared by procs
+  }
+  # scope of nested variables
+  test_ok(defined?(iii))
+}.call
+test_ok(!defined?(iii))		# out of scope
+
+loop{iii=5; test_ok(eval("defined? iii")); break}
+loop {
+  iii = 10
+  def dyna_var_check
+    loop {
+      test_ok(!defined?(iii))
+      break
+    }
+  end
+  dyna_var_check
+  break
+}
+$x=0
+$proc.call(5)
+$proc2.call
+test_ok($x == 5)
+
+if defined? Process.kill
+  test_check "signal"
+
+  $x = 0
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{|sig| $x = 2}
+  Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+  100.times {
+    sleep 0.1
+    break if $x != 0
+  }
+  test_ok($x == 2)
+
+  trap "SIGINT", Proc.new{raise "Interrupt"}
+
+  x = false
+  begin
+    Process.kill "SIGINT", $$
+    sleep 0.1
+  rescue
+    x = $!
+  end
+  test_ok(x && /Interrupt/ =~ x.message)
+end
+
+test_check "eval"
+test_ok(eval("") == nil)
+$bad=false
+eval 'while false; $bad = true; print "foo\n" end'
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+test_ok(eval('TRUE'))
+test_ok(eval('true'))
+test_ok(!eval('NIL'))
+test_ok(!eval('nil'))
+test_ok(!eval('FALSE'))
+test_ok(!eval('false'))
+
+$foo = 'test_ok(true)'
+begin
+  eval $foo
+rescue
+  test_ok(false)
+end
+
+test_ok(eval("$foo") == 'test_ok(true)')
+test_ok(eval("true") == true)
+i = 5
+test_ok(eval("i == 5"))
+test_ok(eval("i") == 5)
+test_ok(eval("defined? i"))
+
+# eval with binding
+def test_ev
+  local1 = "local1"
+  lambda {
+    local2 = "local2"
+    return binding
+  }.call
+end
+
+$x = test_ev
+test_ok(eval("local1", $x) == "local1") # normal local var
+test_ok(eval("local2", $x) == "local2") # nested local var
+$bad = true
+begin
+  p eval("local1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+module EvTest
+  EVTEST1 = 25
+  evtest2 = 125
+  $x = binding
+end
+test_ok(eval("EVTEST1", $x) == 25)	# constant in module
+test_ok(eval("evtest2", $x) == 125)	# local var in module
+$bad = true
+begin
+  eval("EVTEST1")
+rescue NameError		# must raise error
+  $bad = false
+end
+test_ok(!$bad)
+
+x = binding #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{}
+eval "i4 = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "i4 = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i4", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call #! YARV Limitation: Proc.new{Proc.new{}}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+
+x = binding
+eval "i = 1", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 1)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "i = 22", x
+test_ok(eval("i", x) == 22)
+$x = []
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "(0..9).each{|i5| $x[i5] = Proc.new{i5*2}}", x
+test_ok($x[4].call == 8)
+x = Proc.new{binding}.call
+eval "for i6 in 1..1; j6=i6; end", x
+test_ok(eval("defined? i6", x))
+test_ok(eval("defined? j6", x))
+
+Proc.new {
+  p = binding
+  eval "foo11 = 1", p
+  foo22 = 5
+  Proc.new{foo11=22}.call
+  Proc.new{foo22=55}.call
+  test_ok(eval("foo11", p) == eval("foo11"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo11") == 1)
+  test_ok(eval("foo22", p) == eval("foo22"))
+  test_ok(eval("foo22") == 55)
+}.call if false #! YARV Limitation
+
+#! YARV Limitation: p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; binding}.call
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+#! YARV Limitation: test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(!defined?(i7))
+
+if false #! YARV Limitation
+p1 = Proc.new{i7 = 0; Proc.new{i7}}.call
+i7 = nil
+test_ok(p1.call == 0)
+eval "i7=1", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 1)
+eval "i7=5", p1
+test_ok(p1.call == 5)
+test_ok(i7 == nil)
+end
+
+test_check "system"
+test_ok(`echo foobar` == "foobar\n")
+test_ok(`./miniruby -e 'print "foobar"'` == 'foobar')
+
+tmp = open("script_tmp", "w")
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s script_tmp -zzz` == 'true')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -s script_tmp -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open("script_tmp", "w")
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby script_tmp -zzz=678` == '678')
+
+tmp = open("script_tmp", "w")
+tmp.print "this is a leading junk\n";
+tmp.print "#! /usr/local/bin/ruby -s\n";
+tmp.print "print $zzz\n";
+tmp.print "__END__\n";
+tmp.print "this is a trailing junk\n";
+tmp.close
+
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x script_tmp` == '')
+test_ok(`./miniruby -x script_tmp -zzz=555` == '555')
+
+tmp = open("script_tmp", "w")
+for i in 1..5
+  tmp.print i, "\n"
+end
+tmp.close
+
+`./miniruby -i.bak -pe '$_.sub!(/^[0-9]+$/){$&.to_i * 5}' script_tmp`
+done = true
+tmp = open("script_tmp", "r")
+while tmp.gets
+  if $_.to_i % 5 != 0
+    done = false
+    break
+  end
+end
+tmp.close
+test_ok(done)
+
+File.unlink "script_tmp" or `/bin/rm -f "script_tmp"`
+File.unlink "script_tmp.bak" or `/bin/rm -f "script_tmp.bak"`
+
+test_check "const"
+TEST1 = 1
+TEST2 = 2
+
+module Const
+  TEST3 = 3
+  TEST4 = 4
+end
+
+module Const2
+  TEST3 = 6
+  TEST4 = 8
+end
+
+include Const
+
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,3,4])
+
+include Const2
+STDERR.print "intentionally redefines TEST3, TEST4\n" if $VERBOSE
+test_ok([TEST1,TEST2,TEST3,TEST4] == [1,2,6,8])
+
+
+test_ok((String <=> Object) == -1)
+test_ok((Object <=> String) == 1)
+test_ok((Array <=> String) == nil)
+
+test_check "clone"
+foo = Object.new
+def foo.test
+  "test"
+end
+bar = foo.clone
+def bar.test2
+  "test2"
+end
+
+test_ok(bar.test2 == "test2")
+test_ok(bar.test == "test")
+test_ok(foo.test == "test")
+
+begin
+  foo.test2
+  test_ok false
+rescue NoMethodError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+module M001; end
+module M002; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+module M002; include M001; end
+module M003; include M002; end
+
+test_ok(M003.ancestors == [M003, M002, M001])
+
+test_check "marshal"
+$x = [1,2,3,[4,5,"foo"],{1=>"bar"},2.5,fact(30)]
+$y = Marshal.dump($x)
+test_ok($x == Marshal.load($y))
+
+StrClone=String.clone;
+test_ok(Marshal.load(Marshal.dump(StrClone.new("abc"))).class == StrClone)
+
+[[1,2,3,4], [81, 2, 118, 3146]].each { |w,x,y,z|
+  a = (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f) * Math.exp(w.to_f / (x.to_f + y.to_f / z.to_f))
+  ma = Marshal.dump(a)
+  b = Marshal.load(ma)
+  test_ok(a == b)
+}
+
+test_check "pack"
+
+$format = "c2x5CCxsdils_l_a6";
+# Need the expression in here to force ary[5] to be numeric.  This avoids
+# test2 failing because ary2 goes str->numeric->str and ary does not.
+ary = [1,-100,127,128,32767,987.654321098 / 100.0,12345,123456,-32767,-123456,"abcdef"]
+$x = ary.pack($format)
+ary2 = $x.unpack($format)
+
+test_ok(ary.length == ary2.length)
+test_ok(ary.join(':') == ary2.join(':'))
+test_ok($x =~ /def/)
+
+$x = [-1073741825]
+test_ok($x.pack("q").unpack("q") == $x)
+
+test_check "math"
+test_ok(Math.sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+include Math
+test_ok(sqrt(4) == 2)
+
+test_check "struct"
+struct_test = Struct.new("Test", :foo, :bar)
+test_ok(struct_test == Struct::Test)
+
+test = struct_test.new(1, 2)
+test_ok(test.foo == 1 && test.bar == 2)
+test_ok(test[0] == 1 && test[1] == 2)
+
+a, b = test.to_a
+test_ok(a == 1 && b == 2)
+
+test[0] = 22
+test_ok(test.foo == 22)
+
+test.bar = 47
+test_ok(test.bar == 47)
+
+test_check "variable"
+test_ok($$.instance_of?(Fixnum))
+
+# read-only variable
+begin
+  $$ = 5
+  test_ok false
+rescue NameError
+  test_ok true
+end
+
+foobar = "foobar"
+$_ = foobar
+test_ok($_ == foobar)
+
+class Gods
+  @@rule = "Uranus"		# private to Gods
+  def ruler0
+    @@rule
+  end
+
+  def self.ruler1		# <= per method definition style
+    @@rule
+  end
+  class << self			# <= multiple method definition style
+    def ruler2
+      @@rule
+    end
+  end
+end
+
+module Olympians
+  @@rule ="Zeus"
+  def ruler3
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+class Titans < Gods
+  @@rule = "Cronus"		# do not affect @@rule in Gods
+  include Olympians
+  def ruler4
+    @@rule
+  end
+end
+
+test_ok(Gods.new.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Gods.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler1 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(Titans.ruler2 == "Cronus")
+atlas = Titans.new
+test_ok(atlas.ruler0 == "Cronus")
+test_ok(atlas.ruler3 == "Zeus")
+test_ok(atlas.ruler4 == "Cronus")
+
+test_check "trace"
+$x = 1234
+$y = 0
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$y = $x}
+$x = 40414
+test_ok($y == $x)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+$x = 19660208
+test_ok($y != $x)
+
+trace_var :$x, Proc.new{$x *= 2}
+$x = 5
+test_ok($x == 10)
+
+untrace_var :$x
+
+test_check "defined?"
+
+test_ok(defined?($x))		# global variable
+test_ok(defined?($x) == 'global-variable')# returns description
+
+foo=5
+test_ok(defined?(foo))		# local variable
+
+test_ok(defined?(Array))	# constant
+test_ok(defined?(Object.new))	# method
+test_ok(!defined?(Object.print))# private method
+test_ok(defined?(1 == 2))	# operator expression
+
+class Foo
+  def foo
+    p :foo
+  end
+  protected :foo
+  def bar(f)
+    test_ok(defined?(self.foo))
+    test_ok(defined?(f.foo))
+  end
+end
+f = Foo.new
+test_ok(defined?(f.foo) == nil)
+f.bar(f)
+
+def defined_test
+  return !defined?(yield)
+end
+
+test_ok(defined_test)		# not iterator
+test_ok(!defined_test{})	# called as iterator
+
+test_check "alias"
+class Alias0
+  def foo; "foo" end
+end
+class Alias1<Alias0
+  alias bar foo
+  def foo; "foo+" + super end
+end
+class Alias2<Alias1
+  alias baz foo
+  undef foo
+end
+
+x = Alias2.new
+test_ok(x.bar == "foo")
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+# test_check for cache
+test_ok(x.baz == "foo+foo")
+
+class Alias3<Alias2
+  def foo
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def bar
+    defined? super
+  end
+  def quux
+    defined? super
+  end
+end
+x = Alias3.new
+test_ok(!x.foo)
+test_ok(x.bar)
+test_ok(!x.quux)
+
+test_check "path"
+test_ok(File.basename("a") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b/") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("//") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("///") == "/")
+test_ok(File.basename("a/b////") == "b")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".rb") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".*") == "a")
+test_ok(File.basename("a.rb///", ".c") == "a.rb")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a") == ".")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a") == "/")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b") == "a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("a/b/c") == "a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/c") == "/a/b")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b/") == "/a")
+test_ok(File.dirname("/a/b///") == "/a")
+case Dir.pwd
+when %r'\A\w:'
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/\z/ =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(/\A\w:\/a\z/ =~ File.expand_path("a", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+when %r'\A//'
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  test_ok(%r'\A//[^/]+/[^/]+/a\z' =~ File.expand_path(".", "/"))
+  dosish = true
+else
+  test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "/") == "/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "/") == "/sub")
+end
+if dosish
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "//machine/share/sub") == "//machine/share/dir")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/", "z:/sub") == "z:/")
+  test_ok(File.expand_path("/dir", "z:/sub") == "z:/dir")
+end
+test_ok(File.expand_path(".", "//") == "//")
+test_ok(File.expand_path("sub", "//") == "//sub")
+
+# test_check "Proc#binding"
+ObjectSpace.each_object(Proc){|o|
+  begin
+    b = o.binding
+    eval 'self', b
+  rescue ArgumentError
+  end
+}
+
+test_check "gc"
+begin
+  1.upto(10000) {
+    tmp = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
+  }
+  tmp = nil
+  test_ok true
+rescue
+  test_ok false
+end
+class S
+  def initialize(a)
+    @a = a
+  end
+end
+l=nil
+100000.times {
+  l = S.new(l)
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+l = []
+100000.times {
+  l.push([l])
+}
+GC.start
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+ObjectSpace.each_object{|o|
+  o.class.name
+}
+
+test_ok true   # reach here or dumps core
+
+if $failed > 0
+  printf "not ok/test: %d failed %d\n", $ntest, $failed
+else
+  printf "end of test(test: %d)\n", $ntest
+end
diff --git a/sample/testunit/adder.rb b/sample/testunit/adder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa5c88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/testunit/adder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+class Adder
+  def initialize(number)
+    @number = number
+  end
+  def add(number)
+    return @number + number
+  end
+end
+
diff --git a/sample/testunit/subtracter.rb b/sample/testunit/subtracter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c08247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/testunit/subtracter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+class Subtracter
+  def initialize(number)
+    @number = number
+  end
+  def subtract(number)
+    return @number - number
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/testunit/tc_adder.rb b/sample/testunit/tc_adder.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8453beb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/testunit/tc_adder.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'adder'
+
+class TC_Adder < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def setup
+    @adder = Adder.new(5)
+  end
+  def test_add
+    assert_equal(7, @adder.add(2), "Should have added correctly")
+  end
+  def teardown
+    @adder = nil
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/testunit/tc_subtracter.rb b/sample/testunit/tc_subtracter.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2c8313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/testunit/tc_subtracter.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'subtracter'
+
+class TC_Subtracter < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def setup
+    @subtracter = Subtracter.new(5)
+  end
+  def test_subtract
+    assert_equal(3, @subtracter.subtract(2), "Should have subtracted correctly")
+  end
+  def teardown
+    @subtracter = nil
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/testunit/ts_examples.rb b/sample/testunit/ts_examples.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d24dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/testunit/ts_examples.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Author:: Nathaniel Talbott.
+# Copyright:: Copyright (c) 2000-2002 Nathaniel Talbott. All rights reserved.
+# License:: Ruby license.
+
+require 'test/unit'
+require 'tc_adder'
+require 'tc_subtracter'
diff --git a/sample/time.rb b/sample/time.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e169120
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/time.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#! /usr/bin/env ruby
+
+b = Time.now
+system(*ARGV)
+e = Time.now
+
+tms = Process.times
+real = e - b
+user = tms.cutime
+sys = tms.cstime
+
+STDERR.printf("%11.1f real %11.1f user %11.1f sys\n", real, user, sys)
diff --git a/sample/timeout.rb b/sample/timeout.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2870ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/timeout.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+require 'timeout'
+
+def progress(n = 5)
+  n.times {|i| print i; STDOUT.flush; sleep 1; i+= 1}
+  puts "never reach"
+end
+
+p timeout(5) {
+  45
+}
+p timeout(5, TimeoutError) {
+  45
+}
+p timeout(nil) {
+  54
+}
+p timeout(0) {
+  54
+}
+begin
+  timeout(5) {progress}
+rescue => e
+  puts e.message
+end
+begin
+  timeout(3) {
+    begin
+      timeout(5) {progress}
+    rescue => e
+      puts "never reach"
+    end
+  }
+rescue => e
+  puts e.message
+end
+class MyTimeout < StandardError
+end
+begin
+  timeout(2, MyTimeout) {progress}
+rescue MyTimeout => e
+  puts e.message
+end
diff --git a/sample/trojan.rb b/sample/trojan.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2be9567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/trojan.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#! /usr/local/bin/ruby
+
+path = ENV['PATH'].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
+
+for dir in path
+  if File.directory?(dir)
+    for f in d = Dir.open(dir)
+      fpath = File.join(dir, f)
+      if File.file?(fpath) && (File.stat(fpath).mode & 022) != 0
+	printf("file %s is writable from other users\n", fpath)
+      end
+    end
+    d.close
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/tsvr.rb b/sample/tsvr.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fa6c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/tsvr.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# socket example - server side using thread
+# usage: ruby tsvr.rb
+
+require "socket"
+
+gs = TCPServer.open(0)
+addr = gs.addr
+addr.shift
+printf("server is on %s\n", addr.join(":"))
+
+loop do
+  Thread.start(gs.accept) do |s|
+    print(s, " is accepted\n")
+    while line = s.gets
+      s.write(line)
+    end
+    print(s, " is gone\n")
+    s.close
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/uumerge.rb b/sample/uumerge.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2576bcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/uumerge.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+
+if ARGV[0] == "-c"
+  out_stdout = 1
+  ARGV.shift
+end
+
+$sawbegin = 0
+$sawend = 0
+
+while line = gets()
+  if /^begin\s*(\d*)\s*(\S*)/ =~ line
+    $mode, $file = $1, $2
+    $sawbegin+=1
+    if out_stdout
+      out = STDOUT
+    else
+      out = open($file, "w") if $file != ""
+    end
+    out.binmode
+    break
+  end
+end
+
+raise "missing begin" unless $sawbegin
+
+out.binmode
+while line = gets()
+  if /^end/ =~ line
+    $sawend+=1
+    out.close unless out_stdout
+    File.chmod $mode.oct, $file unless out_stdout
+    next
+  end
+  line.sub!(/[a-z]+$/, "")	# handle stupid trailing lowercase letters
+  next if /[a-z]/ =~ line
+  next if !(((($_[0] - 32) & 077) + 2) / 3 == $_.length / 4)
+  out << $_.unpack("u") if $sawbegin > $sawend
+end
+
+raise "missing end" if $sawbegin > $sawend
+raise "missing begin" if ! $sawbegin
+exit 0
diff --git a/sample/webrick/demo-app.rb b/sample/webrick/demo-app.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7a2a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/demo-app.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+require "pp"
+
+module DemoApplication
+  def initialize(config, enctype)
+    super
+    @enctype = enctype
+  end
+
+  def do_GET(req, res)
+    if req.path_info != "/"
+      res.set_redirect(WEBrick::HTTPStatus::Found, req.script_name + "/")
+    end
+    res.body =<<-_end_of_html_
+      <HTML>
+       <FORM method="POST" enctype=#{@enctype}>
+        text: <INPUT type="text" name="text"><BR>
+        file: <INPUT type="file" name="file"><BR>
+        check:
+        <INPUT type="checkbox" name="check" value="a">a,
+        <INPUT type="checkbox" name="check" value="b">b,
+        <INPUT type="checkbox" name="check" value="c">c,
+        <BR>
+        <INPUT type="submit">
+       </FORM>
+      </HTML>
+    _end_of_html_
+    res['content-type'] = 'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'
+  end
+
+  def do_POST(req, res)
+    if req["content-length"].to_i > 1024*10
+      raise WEBrick::HTTPStatus::Forbidden, "file size too large"
+    end
+    res.body =<<-_end_of_html_
+      <HTML>
+       <H2>Query Parameters</H2>
+       #{display_query(req.query)}
+       <A href="#{req.path}">return</A>
+       <H2>Request</H2>
+       <PRE>#{WEBrick::HTMLUtils::escape(PP::pp(req, "", 80))}</PRE>
+       <H2>Response</H2>
+       <PRE>#{WEBrick::HTMLUtils::escape(PP::pp(res, "", 80))}</PRE>
+      </HTML>
+    _end_of_html_
+    res['content-type'] = 'text/html; charset=iso-8859-1'
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def display_query(q)
+    ret = ""
+    q.each{|key, val|
+      ret << "<H3>#{WEBrick::HTMLUtils::escape(key)}</H3>"
+      ret << "<TABLE border=1>"
+      ret << make_tr("val", val.inspect)
+      ret << make_tr("val.to_a", val.to_a.inspect)
+      ret << make_tr("val.to_ary", val.to_ary.inspect)
+      ret << "</TABLE>"
+    }
+    ret
+  end
+
+  def make_tr(arg0, arg1)
+    "<TR><TD>#{arg0}</TD><TD>#{WEBrick::HTMLUtils::escape(arg1)}</TD></TR>"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/webrick/demo-multipart.cgi b/sample/webrick/demo-multipart.cgi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0893fad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/demo-multipart.cgi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "webrick/cgi"
+require "webrick/https" # should load if it runs on HTTPS server
+require "./demo-app"
+
+class DemoCGI < WEBrick::CGI
+  include DemoApplication
+end
+
+config = { :NPH => false }
+cgi = DemoCGI.new(config, "multipart/form-data")
+cgi.start
diff --git a/sample/webrick/demo-servlet.rb b/sample/webrick/demo-servlet.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c18cc6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/demo-servlet.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+require "webrick"
+require "./demo-app"
+
+class DemoServlet < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
+  include DemoApplication
+end
diff --git a/sample/webrick/demo-urlencoded.cgi b/sample/webrick/demo-urlencoded.cgi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4706f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/demo-urlencoded.cgi
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "webrick/cgi"
+require "webrick/https"  # should load if it runs on HTTPS server 
+require "./demo-app"
+
+class DemoCGI < WEBrick::CGI
+  include DemoApplication
+end
+
+config = { :NPH => false } 
+cgi = DemoCGI.new(config, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+cgi.start
diff --git a/sample/webrick/hello.cgi b/sample/webrick/hello.cgi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35d2240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/hello.cgi
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env ruby
+require "webrick/cgi"
+
+class HelloCGI < WEBrick::CGI
+  def do_GET(req, res)
+    res["content-type"] = "text/plain"
+    res.body = "Hello, world.\n"
+  end
+end
+
+HelloCGI.new.start
diff --git a/sample/webrick/hello.rb b/sample/webrick/hello.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d02676
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/hello.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+require "webrick"
+
+class HelloServlet < WEBrick::HTTPServlet::AbstractServlet
+  def do_GET(req, res)
+    res["content-type"] = "text/plain"
+    res.body = "Hello, world.\n"
+  end
+end
diff --git a/sample/webrick/httpd.rb b/sample/webrick/httpd.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0edf47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/httpd.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+require "webrick"
+
+httpd = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(
+  :DocumentRoot => File::dirname(__FILE__),
+  :Port         => 10080,
+  :Logger       => WEBrick::Log.new($stderr, WEBrick::Log::DEBUG),
+  :AccessLog    => [
+    [ $stderr, WEBrick::AccessLog::COMMON_LOG_FORMAT  ],
+    [ $stderr, WEBrick::AccessLog::REFERER_LOG_FORMAT ],
+    [ $stderr, WEBrick::AccessLog::AGENT_LOG_FORMAT   ],
+  ],
+  :CGIPathEnv   => ENV["PATH"]   # PATH environment variable for CGI.
+)
+
+require "./hello"
+httpd.mount("/hello", HelloServlet)
+
+require "./demo-servlet"
+httpd.mount("/urlencoded", DemoServlet, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+httpd.mount("/multipart", DemoServlet, "multipart/form-data")
+
+trap(:INT){ httpd.shutdown }
+httpd.start
diff --git a/sample/webrick/httpproxy.rb b/sample/webrick/httpproxy.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c84457e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/httpproxy.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+require "webrick"
+require "webrick/httpproxy"
+
+# The :ProxyContentHandler proc will be invoked before sending a response to
+# the User-Agent.  You can inspect the pair of request and response messages
+# (or edit the response message if necessary).
+
+pch = Proc.new{|req, res|
+  p [ req.request_line, res.status_line ]
+}
+
+def upstream_proxy
+  if prx = ENV["http_proxy"]
+    return URI.parse(prx)
+  end
+  return nil
+end
+
+httpd = WEBrick::HTTPProxyServer.new(
+  :Port     => 10080,
+  :ProxyContentHandler => pch,
+  :ProxyURI => upstream_proxy
+)
+Signal.trap(:INT){ httpd.shutdown }
+httpd.start
diff --git a/sample/webrick/httpsd.rb b/sample/webrick/httpsd.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a120782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sample/webrick/httpsd.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+require "webrick"
+require "webrick/https"
+
+hostname = WEBrick::Utils::getservername
+subject = [["O", "ruby-lang.org"], ["OU", "sample"], ["CN", hostname]]
+comment = "Comment for self-signed certificate"
+
+httpd = WEBrick::HTTPServer.new(
+  :DocumentRoot   => File::dirname(__FILE__),
+  :Port           => 10443,
+  :SSLEnable      => true,
+
+  # Specify key pair and server certificate.
+  # :SSLPrivateKey  => OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(File.read("server.key")),
+  # :SSLCertificate => OpenSSL::X509::Certificate.new(File.read("server.crt")),
+
+  # specify the following SSL options if you want to use auto
+  # generated self-signed certificate.
+  :SSLCertName    => subject,
+  :SSLComment     => comment,
+
+  :CGIPathEnv     => ENV["PATH"]  # PATH environment variable for CGI.
+)
+
+require "./hello"
+httpd.mount("/hello", HelloServlet)
+
+require "./demo-servlet"
+httpd.mount("/urlencoded", DemoServlet, "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+httpd.mount("/multipart", DemoServlet, "multipart/form-data")
+
+trap(:INT){ httpd.shutdown }
+httpd.start