extern const char* const CREDITS_array[] = { "", "Authors", "=======", "", "The Parma Polyhedra Library and its documentation is being designed,", "extended, written, debugged, maintained and improved by the following", "people:", "", "", "Core Development Team:", "----------------------", "", " Roberto Bagnara [1] (University of Parma)", " Patricia M. Hill [2] (University of Leeds)", " Enea Zaffanella [3] (University of Parma)", "", "", "Former Members of the Core Development Team:", "--------------------------------------------", "", " Elisa Ricci (former student of the University of Parma,", " one of the four students with which the PPL", " project started) has been a major contributor", " to the development of the PPL, up until", " December 2002.", "", "", "Current Contributors:", "---------------------", "", " Abramo Bagnara (Opera Unica) rewrote and generalized the", " support for checked coefficients. He also", " wrote the support for extended numbers and is", " currently writing a new implementation of", " intervals. He also helps on several other", " design and implementation issues.", "", " Fabio Bossi (student of the University of Parma)", " is working on the PPL support for the approximation", " of floating point computations.", "", " Francois Galea [*] (University of Versailles) is working", " at the implementation of the Parametric Integer", " Programming solver.", "", " Marco Poletti (student of the University of Bologna)", " implemented the sparse matrices that are used", " in the MIP and PIP solvers of the PPL; he also", " did experiments on the parallelization of the", " sparse matrices' computations; he is now working", " on improving the PPL's memory footprint and", " on other improvements to the library.", "", " Enric Rodriguez Carbonell [4] (Technical University of Catalonia) is", " working on the implementation of polynomial spaces.", "", " Alessandro Zaccagnini [5] (University of Parma) has helped with", " the efficient implementation of GCD and LCM", " for checked numbers. He is now working on the", " definitions of interval arithmetic operations.", " Alessandro is always a very valuable source of", " mathematical advice.", "", "", "Past Contributors:", "------------------", "", " Roberto Amadini (student of the University of Parma)", " did some work on the PPL support for the", " approximation of floating point computations.", "", " Irene Bacchi (former student of the University of Parma) worked", " on a development branch where she implemented", " several variants of algorithms, checking", " whether or not the set-union of two polyhedra", " is the same as their poly-hull.", "", " Fabio Biselli (student of the University of Parma)", " did some work on the PPL support for the", " approximation of floating point computations.", "", " Danilo Bonardi (former student of the University of Parma) worked", " on a development branch where he experimented", " with the use of metaprogramming techniques", " based on expression templates. The objective", " of this work was to check the effectiveness of", " these techniques for moving computations from", " run-time to compile-time.", "", " Sara Bonini (former student of the University of Parma) is", " one of the four students with which the PPL", " project started.", "", " Andrea Cimino (former student of the University of Parma)", " wrote most of the mixed integer programming", " solver, and also most of the Java and OCaml", " interfaces.", "", " Katy Dobson [6] (former student of the University of Leeds)", " worked on the formalization and definition of", " algorithms for rational grids and products", " of grids and polyhedra.", "", " Giordano Fracasso (University of Parma) wrote the initial version", " of the support for native and checked integer", " coefficients.", "", " Maximiliano Marchesi (former student of the University of Parma)", " helped a little to improve the documentation for", " bounded differences.", "", " Elena Mazzi (University of Parma) worked on our implementation", " of bounded differences and octagons. She also", " participated in the theoretical and practical", " work concerning widening operators for weakly", " relational domains.", "", " David Merchat (formerly at the University of Parma) helped us", " with the generation of the library's documentation", " using Doxygen.", "", " Matthew Mundell [7] (formerly at the University of Leeds) worked", " on the implementation of rational grids. He has", " also helped on other implementation issues.", "", " Andrea Pescetti (University of Parma) was one of the four students", " with which the PPL project started. Later, he", " helped a little with the library's documentation.", "", " Barbara Quartieri (former student of the University of Parma) worked", " on our implementation of bounded differences and", " octagons.", "", " Angela Stazzone (former student of the University of Parma)", " worked on the library's documentation.", "", " Fabio Trabucchi (University of Parma) worked on a development", " branch where he added serializers for all the", " objects of the PPL. Support for serialization", " based on Fabio's work will be available in a", " future release of the library.", "", " Claudio Trento (former student of the University of Pisa) did", " a small amount of work on an experimental OCaml", " interface for the PPL.", "", " Tatiana Zolo (former student of the University of Parma) is", " one of the four students with which the PPL", " project started.", "", "", "", "Thanks!", "=======", "", "", "People:", "-------", "", " Lucia Alessandrini (University of Parma) provided 4 hour-long", " lectures on convex polyhedra for the Italian", " authors. This was crucial for us to acquire", " and/or refresh the notions needed for", " developing the PPL library.", "", "", " Frederic Besson [8] provided useful comments and observations on", " the ideas (about an extrapolation operator for", " convex polyhedra) sketched in a paper he", " coauthored in 1999.", "", " Tevfik Bultan [9] (University of California, Santa Barbara)", " suggested us to add support for generalized", " affine transfer functions. Discussions with", " Tevfik have been very useful.", "", " Manuel Carro", " Jose Morales [9, 10] members of the CLIP Group [12], helped us", " to produce a Ciao Prolog [13] interface for the", " library. The decisive (and memorable) debugging", " session took place in Parma in the afternoon of", " March 10th, 2003, with the participation of", " Jose Manuel Gomez.", "", " Marco Comini [14] (University of Udine) allows us to use his", " Mac OS X machine to work on portability to", " that platform.", "", " Goran Frehse [15] (VERIMAG, formerly at Carnegie Mellon University)", " provided very useful feedback while he was", " developing PHAVer [16]. We are working with", " Goran in order to include more polyhedra", " simplification facilities in the PPL.", "", " Denis Gopan [17] (University of Wisconsin-Madison) helped us", " extend the library with the \"expand space", " dimension\" and \"fold space dimensions\"", " operations of the library.", "", " Martin Guy [18] gave us access to his ARM machine: without", " this possibility, porting the PPL to the ARM's", " ABIs would have taken ages.", "", " Bruno Haible [19] (ILOG) made it possible (by writing the", " AC_LIB_LINKFLAGS macro and explaining how", " to use it) to allow the use of versions of the", " GMP library installed in nonstandard places.", "", " Bertrand Jeannet [20] (IRISA) wrote the New Polka library [21]", " and made it available. We had several", " interesting exchanges with Bertrand concerning", " various aspects of polyhedra manipulation.", "", " Herve Le Verge (r.i.p.) wrote and published an implementation", " [22] of the Chernikova's algorithm [23] that", " has set the stage for subsequent", " implementation work, including our own.", "", " Francesco Logozzo [24] (formerly at Ecole Polytechnique) helped us", " straighten out some portability issues on Cygwin.", "", " Kenneth MacKenzie [25] provided very good bug reports that allowed", " us to fix several problems in the OCaml interface.", "", " Costantino Medori [26] (University of Parma) helped us on some", " mathematical aspects of the development.", "", " Fred Mesnard [27] (University of La Reunion), the main author", " of cTI [28], has worked with us on one of the", " first applications of the PPL: the \"cTI\"", " data-flow analyzer, which performs a linear", " size relation analysis using a domain of", " convex polyhedra. The China data-flow", " analyzer [29] uses the Parma Polyhedra Library", " to perform the same analysis. We have been", " running China against an old version of cTI", " that did not use the PPL, using it to", " analyze the same Prolog programs. Since these", " systems did not share a single line of code,", " this gave us excellent opportunities for our", " initial testing and debugging work.", "", " Ken Mixter (then at Carnegie Mellon University) provided", " useful feedback while working on an", " experimental version of the Action Language", " Verifier [30] based on the PPL.", "", " Sebastian Pop [31] (now at AMD). During his work on interfacing", " CLooG [32] with the PPL, Sebastian provided", " valuable feedback, particularly on the C", " interface to the PPL. He also suggested the", " addition of new functionality such as the", " \"simplify using context\" operation.", "", " Thomas Reps [33] (University of Wisconsin-Madison), on several", " occasions we have had interesting discussions", " with him both on the PPL and on the more", " general topics of static analysis and", " numerical abstractions.", "", " Mooly Sagiv [34] (Tel-Aviv University) stimulated the development", " of the PPL by providing, in particular,", " interesting challenges related to precision", " and scalability.", "", " Sriram Sankaranarayanan [35] (NEC Laboratories America, formerly at", " Stanford University) provided very useful feedback", " while developing StInG [36] and LPInv [37].", "", " Axel Simon [38] (ENS, formerly at the University of Kent", " at Canterbury) wrote some PPL 0.9", " bindings [44] for the Glasgow Haskell Compiler.", "", " Fausto Spoto [39] (University of Verona) did useful beta testing", " for the Java interface. He also suggested the", " addition of the hash code operations.", "", " Basile Starynkevitch [40] (CEA LIST/DTSI/SOL). Basile is the author", " of MELT [41] and suggested several improvements", " to the PPL.", "", "", " Pedro Vasconcelos [42] (formerly at the University of St Andrews, UK)", " provided useful feedback while developing his", " size and cost analyzer for Core Hume [43].", " Pedro also solved a problem of Axel Simon's", " PPL 0.9 bindings for the GHC and makes them", " publicly available [44].", "", " Ralf Wildenhues [45] (University of Bonn) helped us with", " several issues concerning the proper use of", " the Autotools.", "", "", "Organizations (and People Therein):", "-----------------------------------", "", "We are grateful for the following contributions:", "", "- AMD Developer Central [46] has donated a bi-quad core machine with", " the latest AMD Opteron 2384 \"Shanghai\" processors and 16GB of RAM.", " This machine now hosts all the PPL data and services. Many thanks", " to Christophe Harle and Sebastian Pop.", "", "- The Computing Center of the University of Parma [47] allowed us to", " test the portability of the library on a variety of platforms.", " Fausto Pagani was especially helpful in this respect.", "", "- The GCC Compile Farm Project [48] managed by FSF France provided", " access to a number of machines that allowed us to test and improve", " the portability of the library. Special thanks go to Laurent Guerby", " for his kind assistance.", "", "- The test cluster provided by Hewlett Packard and hosted by ESIEE [49]", " allowed us to complete the porting of the PPL to the IA64 and PA-RISC", " architectures. Many thanks to Thibaut Varene [50] and the PA-RISC", " Linux community [51] for their kind assistance.", "", "- HiPEAC [52] sponsored the participation of Roberto Bagnara to the", " Graphite Workshop [53]. This was very helpful to discuss the needs", " of Graphite [54] (a framework for high-level loop optimizations on", " the polyhedral model) and, more generally, of GCC [55] in terms of", " numerical abstractions and how the PPL can help. Special thanks go", " to Albert Cohen [57] for this sponsorship.", "", "- INRIA [56] is supporting Abramo Bagnara from January 1st to May 31st,", " 2009, to work on the PPL and its development infrastructure.", " Many thanks go, in particular, to Albert Cohen [57].", "", "", "Some of our research work has been partly supported by the following", "projects and organizations:", "", "- University of Parma's FIL scientific research project (ex 60%)", " ``Pure and Applied Mathematics'';", "", "- MURST project ``Automatic Program Certification by Abstract", " Interpretation'' [58];", "", "- MURST project ``Abstract Interpretation, Type Systems and Control-Flow", " Analysis'';", "", "- MURST project ``Automatic Aggregate- and Number-Reasoning for Computing:", " from Decision Algorithms to Constraint Programming with Multisets, Sets,", " and Maps'' [59];", "", "- MURST project ``Constraint Based Verification of Reactive Systems'' [60];", "", "- MURST project ``AIDA - Abstract Interpretation: Design and", " Applications'' [61];", "", "- PRIN project ``AIDA 2007 - Abstract Interpretation: Design and", " Applications'' [62];", "", "- Royal Society Joint project 2004/R1-EU (UK-Italy)", " ``Automatic Detection of Unstable Numerical Computations'';", "", "- EPSRC (UK) project EP/C520726/1", " ``Numerical Domains for Software Analysis'' [63];", "", "- Royal Society International Outgoing Short Visit 2007/R4", " ``Finding and Verifying the Absence of Bugs in Imperative Programs'' [64];", "", "- EPSRC (UK) project EP/G025177/1", " ``Geometric Abstractions for Scalable Program Analyzers'' [64].", "", "--------", "", " [1] http://www.cs.unipr.it/~bagnara/", " [2] http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/hill/", " [3] http://www.cs.unipr.it/~zaffanella/", " [*] http://www.prism.uvsq.fr/~fgalea/", " [4] http://www.lsi.upc.edu/~erodri/", " [5] http://www.math.unipr.it/~zaccagni/", " [6] http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/katyd/", " [7] http://www.mundell.ukfsn.org/", " [8] http://www.irisa.fr/lande/fbesson/fbesson.html", " [9] http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~bultan/", "[10] http://www.clip.dia.fi.upm.es/~boris/", "[11] http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/~jfran/", "[12] http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/", "[13] http://clip.dia.fi.upm.es/Software/Ciao/", "[14] http://www.dimi.uniud.it/~comini/", "[15] http://www-verimag.imag.fr/~frehse/", "[16] http://www-verimag.imag.fr/~frehse/phaver_web/", "[17] http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~gopan/", "[18] http://martinwguy.co.uk/", "[19] http://www.haible.de/bruno/", "[20] http://www.irisa.fr/prive/Bertrand.Jeannet/", "[21] http://www.irisa.fr/prive/Bertrand.Jeannet/newpolka.html", "[22] http://www.cs.unipr.it/ppl/Documentation/chernikova.c", "[23] http://www.cs.unipr.it/ppl/Documentation/bibliography#LeVerge92", "[24] http://research.microsoft.com/~logozzo/", "[25] http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/kwxm/", "[26] http://www.math.unipr.it/~medori/", "[27] http://www.univ-reunion.fr/~fred/", "[28] http://www.cs.unipr.it/cTI/", "[29] http://www.cs.unipr.it/China/", "[30] http://www.cs.ucsb.edu/~bultan/composite/", "[31] http://www-rocq.inria.fr/~pop/", "[32] http://www.cloog.org/", "[33] http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~reps/", "[34] http://www.math.tau.ac.il/~msagiv/", "[35] http://www.nec-labs.com/~srirams/", "[36] http://theory.stanford.edu/~srirams/Software/sting.html", "[37] http://theory.stanford.edu/~srirams/Software/lpinv.html", "[38] http://www.di.ens.fr/~simona/", "[39] http://profs.sci.univr.it/~spoto/", "[40] http://www.starynkevitch.net/Basile/index_en.html", "[41] http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/MiddleEndLispTranslator", "[42] http://www.ncc.up.pt/~pbv/", "[43] http://www.ncc.up.pt/~pbv/cgi/cost.cgi", "[44] http://www.ncc.up.pt/~pbv/research/ppl/ghc.html", "[45] http://wissrech.ins.uni-bonn.de/people/wildenhues.html", "[46] http://developer.amd.com/", "[47] http://www.siti.unipr.it/", "[48] http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/CompileFarm", "[49] http://www.esiee.fr/", "[50] http://www.parisc-linux.org/~varenet/", "[51] http://www.parisc-linux.org/", "[52] http://www.hipeac.net/", "[53] http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Graphite_Workshop_Nov08", "[54] http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Graphite", "[55] http://gcc.gnu.org/", "[56] http://www.inria.fr/", "[57] http://www-rocq.inria.fr/~acohen/", "[58] http://theory.sci.univr.it/p40/", "[59] http://www.cs.unipr.it/Projects/COFIN01", "[60] http://www.disi.unige.it/person/DelzannoG/cover/", "[61] http://www.cs.unipr.it/Projects/AIDA/", "[62] http://www.cs.unipr.it/Projects/AIDA2007/", "[63] http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/hill/chiara/WWW/linda.html", "[64] http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/hill/chiara/WWW/projects.html", 0};