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-rw-r--r--.travis.yml31
-rw-r--r--Changes459
-rw-r--r--MANIFEST79
-rw-r--r--META.json53
-rw-r--r--META.yml28
-rw-r--r--Makefile.PL81
-rw-r--r--README1176
-rw-r--r--eg/bench_decode.pl68
-rw-r--r--eg/bench_encode.pl84
-rw-r--r--lib/JSON.pm1848
-rw-r--r--lib/JSON/backportPP.pm3150
-rw-r--r--lib/JSON/backportPP/Boolean.pm43
-rw-r--r--lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5005.pm131
-rw-r--r--lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5006.pm173
-rw-r--r--t/00_backend_version.t7
-rw-r--r--t/00_load.t9
-rw-r--r--t/00_load_backport_pp.t15
-rw-r--r--t/00_pod.t8
-rw-r--r--t/01_utf8.t25
-rw-r--r--t/02_error.t55
-rw-r--r--t/03_types.t63
-rw-r--r--t/04_dwiw_encode.t71
-rw-r--r--t/05_dwiw_decode.t93
-rw-r--r--t/06_pc_pretty.t67
-rw-r--r--t/07_pc_esc.t83
-rw-r--r--t/08_pc_base.t98
-rw-r--r--t/09_pc_extra_number.t38
-rw-r--r--t/104_sortby.t24
-rw-r--r--t/105_esc_slash.t15
-rw-r--r--t/106_allow_barekey.t19
-rw-r--r--t/107_allow_singlequote.t20
-rw-r--r--t/108_decode.t36
-rw-r--r--t/109_encode.t34
-rw-r--r--t/10_pc_keysort.t19
-rw-r--r--t/110_bignum.t50
-rw-r--r--t/112_upgrade.t24
-rw-r--r--t/113_overloaded_eq.t66
-rw-r--r--t/114_decode_prefix.t29
-rw-r--r--t/115_tie_ixhash.t46
-rw-r--r--t/116_incr_parse_fixed.t25
-rw-r--r--t/117_numbers.t24
-rw-r--r--t/118_boolean_values.t82
-rw-r--r--t/11_pc_expo.t57
-rw-r--r--t/12_blessed.t52
-rw-r--r--t/13_limit.t32
-rw-r--r--t/14_latin1.t18
-rw-r--r--t/15_prefix.t19
-rw-r--r--t/16_tied.t24
-rw-r--r--t/17_relaxed.t24
-rw-r--r--t/18_json_checker.t175
-rw-r--r--t/19_incr.t108
-rw-r--r--t/20_faihu.t32
-rw-r--r--t/20_unknown.t53
-rw-r--r--t/21_evans.t25
-rw-r--r--t/22_comment_at_eof.t50
-rw-r--r--t/52_object.t63
-rw-r--r--t/99_binary.t44
-rw-r--r--t/e00_func.t17
-rw-r--r--t/e01_property.t65
-rw-r--r--t/e02_bool.t45
-rw-r--r--t/e03_bool2.t43
-rw-r--r--t/e11_conv_blessed_univ.t52
-rw-r--r--t/e90_misc.t17
-rw-r--r--t/gh_28_json_test_suite.t59
-rw-r--r--t/gh_29_trailing_false_value.t13
-rw-r--r--t/rt_116998_wrong_character_offset.t22
-rw-r--r--t/rt_90071_incr_parse.t29
-rw-r--r--t/x00_load.t15
-rw-r--r--t/x02_error.t56
-rw-r--r--t/x12_blessed.t54
-rw-r--r--t/x16_tied.t26
-rw-r--r--t/x17_strange_overload.t22
-rw-r--r--t/xe04_escape_slash.t22
-rw-r--r--t/xe05_indent_length.t76
-rw-r--r--t/xe12_boolean.t29
-rw-r--r--t/xe19_xs_and_suportbypp.t33
-rw-r--r--t/xe20_croak_message.t28
-rw-r--r--t/xe21_is_pp.t28
-rw-r--r--t/zero-mojibake.t21
79 files changed, 10097 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.travis.yml b/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6870d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+language: perl
+perl:
+ - "5.8"
+ - "5.24"
+matrix:
+ include:
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_XS_VERSION=4.00
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_XS_VERSION=3.02
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_XS_VERSION=2.34
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_PP_VERSION=2.97001
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_PP_VERSION=2.27400
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: JSON_PP_VERSION=2.27101
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION=3.0218
+ - perl: 5.8
+ env: CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION=4.08
+before_install:
+ - test $JSON_PP_VERSION && cpanm -n JSON::XS@$JSON_XS_VERSION || true
+ - test $JSON_XS_VERSION && cpanm -n JSON::XS@$JSON_XS_VERSION || true
+ - test $CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION && cpanm -n Cpanel::JSON::XS@$CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION || true
+script:
+ - if test ! $JSON_PP_VERSION && test ! $JSON_XS_VERSION && test ! $CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION; then perl Makefile.PL && PERL_JSON_BACKEND=JSON::backportPP make test; else true; fi
+ - if test $JSON_PP_VERSION; then perl Makefile.PL && PERL_JSON_BACKEND=JSON::PP make test; else true; fi
+ - if test $JSON_XS_VERSION; then perl Makefile.PL && PERL_JSON_BACKEND=JSON::XS make test; else true; fi
+ - if test $CPANEL_JSON_XS_VERSION; then perl Makefile.PL && PERL_JSON_BACKEND=Cpanel::JSON::XS make test; else true; fi
diff --git a/Changes b/Changes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..405d344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Changes
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+Revision history for Perl extension JSON.
+
+4.02 2019-02-23
+ - fixed a test that breaks if perl is compiled with -Dquadmath
+ (RT-128589)
+
+4.01 2019-01-21
+ - added boolean function/method that takes a scalar value and
+ returns a boolean value (David Cantrell)
+
+4.00 2018-12-07
+ - production release
+
+3.99_01 2018-12-03
+ - BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY:
+ As JSON::XS 4.0 changed its policy and enabled allow_nonref
+ by default, JSON::PP, and thus JSON, also enabled allow_nonref
+ by default
+
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 3.99_01
+ - allow PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B environmental variable to restore
+ old number detection behavior for compatibility
+
+2.97001 2017-12-21
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.97001
+
+2.97000 2017-11-21
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.97000
+ - use 5 digit minor version number for a while to avoid
+ confusion
+ - fixed is_bool to use blessed() instead of ref()
+
+2.96 2017-11-20
+ - fixed packaging issue
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.96
+ - not to use newer Test::More features (RT-122421; ilmari++)
+
+2.95 2017-11-20
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.95
+
+2.94 2017-05-29
+ - fixed VERSION issue caused by VERSION methods added to abstract
+ backend packages (RT-121892; ppisar++)
+ - fixed a test for perl 5.6
+
+2.93 2017-05-19
+ - add VERSION methods to (abstract) backend packages
+ - explained backward incompatibility about backend method
+ - updated VERSIONs of backportPP modules
+
+2.92 2017-05-15
+ - production release
+
+2.91_04 2017-01-10
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.91_04
+
+2.91_03 2017-01-09
+ - reworked documentation, based on the one for JSON::XS
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.91_03
+
+2.91_02 2016-12-04
+ - fixed not to fail tests under Perl 5.25.* (srezic++)
+
+2.91_01 2016-12-03
+ - PERL_JSON_BACKEND now accepts Cpanel::JSON::XS as well
+ - tweaked tests to support various backends
+ - made convert_blessed_universally (for Perl 5.18+) and
+ support_by_pp less harmful
+ - fixed N/A exit code in Makefile.PL (bulk88)
+ - various doc patches from gregoa, topaz, zoffix, singingfish,
+ yanick, dsteinbrunner, Toby Inkster
+ - removed duplicated tests
+ - removed base.pm dependency
+ - updated backportPP with JSON::PP 2.91_01
+
+2.90 Wed Oct 30 19:48:43 2013
+
+ ** INCOMPATIBLE CHANGE **
+
+ - workaround for JSON::XS version 3.0 or later installed case.
+
+ * the objects returned by JSON::true/false are JSON::PP::Boolean.
+ * they do not overload 'eq'.
+
+ - changed test cases for this patch.
+
+ t/e02_bool.t
+ t/e03_bool2.t
+ t/x17_strange_overload.t
+ t/xe02_bool.t
+ t/xe03_bool2.t
+ t/xe12_boolean.t
+
+2.61 Thu Oct 17 19:38:55 2013
+ - fixed return/or in _incr_parse
+ reported and patched by MAUKE, sprout and rjbs
+ https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=86948
+
+2.60
+ - $json->is_xs, $json->is_pp was completely broken.
+ pointed by rt#75867 and emceelam
+
+2.59 Wed Jun 5 14:35:54 2013
+ - PUREPERL_ONLY support was not supported...
+ and finally remove all PP options from Makefile.PL.
+ - recommend JSON::XS instead of conditionally requiring it
+ patched by miyagaw
+ ( for example, $ cpanm --with-recommends JSON)
+ - Hide more packages from PAUSE (and other stuff)
+ patched by miyagawa
+
+2.58 Thu May 23 09:04:37 2013
+ - support PUREPERL_ONLY install option. (rt#84876)
+ (PERL_ONLY and NO_XS are not yet removed)
+ - stop installing JSON::XS automatically on Perl 5.18
+
+2.57
+ - t/x17_strage_overload.t didn't work correctly.
+
+2.56 Sat Apr 6 09:58:32 2013
+ - fixed t/x17_strage_overload.t (rt#84451 by Ricardo Signes)
+
+2.55
+ - update JSON::BackportPP version
+
+2.54 Fri Apr 5 16:15:08 2013
+ - fixed t/19_incr.t on perl >= 5.17.10 (wyant, rt#84154)
+ pathced by mbeijen and modified with demerphq's patch
+ - Fixed some spelling (by briandfoy)
+ - fixed sppeling (by Perlover)
+ - enhanced documents (Thanks to Justin Hunter and Olof Johansson)
+ - changed backend module loading for overloaded object behavior
+ (reported by tokuhirom)
+
+2.53 Sun May 22 16:11:05 2011
+ - made Makefile.PL skipping a installing XS question
+ when set $ENV{PERL_ONLY} or $ENV{NO_XS} (rt#66820)
+
+2.52 Sun May 22 15:05:49 2011
+ - fixed to_json (pointed and patched by mmcleric in rt#68359)
+ - backport JSON::PP 2.27200
+ * fixed incr_parse docodeing string more correctly (rt#68032 by LCONS)
+
+2.51 Tue Mar 8 16:03:34 2011
+ - import JSON::PP 2.27105 as BackportPP
+ - fixed documentations (pointed by Britton Kerin and rt#64738)
+
+2.50 Mon Dec 20 14:56:42 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - stable release
+
+2.49_01 Sat Nov 27 22:03:17 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - JSON::PP is split away JSON distributino for perl 5.14
+ - JSON::backportPP is included in instead.
+
+2.27 Sun Oct 31 20:32:46 2010
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - Some optimizations (gfx)
+ [JSON::PP::5005]
+ - added missing B module varibales (makamaka)
+
+2.26 Tue Sep 28 17:41:37 2010
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - cleaned up code and enhanced sort option efficiency in encode.
+
+2.25 Tue Sep 28 16:47:08 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable always executed a needless process
+ with JSON::XS backend. This made encode/decode a bit slower.
+
+2.24 Mon Sep 27 10:56:24 2010
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - tweaked code.
+ - optimized code in hash object encoding.
+
+2.23 Sun Sep 26 22:08:12 2010
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - modified tied object handling in encode. it made encoding speed faster.
+ pointed by https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=61604
+ - modified t/e10_bignum.t
+ for avoiding a warning in using Math::BigInt dev version
+
+2.22 Wed Aug 25 12:46:13 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - added JSON::XS installing feature in Makefile.PL
+ with cpan or cpanm (some points suggested by gfx)
+ - check that to_json and from_json are not called as methods (CHORNY)
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - modified for -Duse64bitall -Duselongdouble compiled perl.
+ 11_pc_expo.t too. (these are patched by H.Merijn Brand)
+
+2.21 Mon Apr 5 14:56:52 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - enhanced 'HOW DO I DECODE A DATA FROM OUTER AND ENCODE TO OUTER'
+ - renamed eg/bench_pp_xs.pl to eg/bench_decode.pl
+ - added eg/bench_encode.pl
+
+2.20 Fri Apr 2 12:50:08 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - added eg/bench_pp_xs.pl for benchmark sample
+ - updated 'INCREMENTAL PARSING' section
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - decode_prefix() didn't count a consumed text length properly.
+ - enhanced XS compatibilty
+ in the case of decoding a white space garbaged text.
+
+2.19 Tue Mar 30 13:40:24 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - fixed typo (rt#53535 by Angel Abad)
+ - added a recommendation
+ refering to (en|de)code_json to pod (suggested by tokuhirom)
+ - added 'HOW DO I DECODE A DATA FROM OUTER AND ENCODE TO OUTER' to pod.
+
+2.18 Tue Mar 23 15:18:10 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - updated document (compatible with JSON::XS 2.29)
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - fixed encode an overloaded 'eq' object bug (reported by Alexey A. Kiritchun)
+ - enhanced an error message compatible to JSON::XS
+
+2.17 Thu Jan 7 12:23:13 2010
+ [JSON]
+ - fixed a problem caused by JSON::XS backend and support_by_pp option
+ (rt#52842, rt#52847 by ikegami)
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.27
+ - patched decode for incr_parse (rt#52820 by ikegami)
+ - relaxed option caused an infinite loop in some condition.
+
+2.16 Fri Oct 16 15:07:37 2009
+ [JSON][JSON::PP]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.26
+ *indent adds a final newline
+ - corrected copyrights in JSON::PP58.
+
+2.15 Tue Jun 2 16:36:42 2009
+ [JSON]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.24
+ - corrected copyrights in some modules.
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - modified incr_parse, pointed by Martin J. Evans (rt#46439)
+ - deleted a meaningless code
+
+2.14 Tue Feb 24 11:20:24 2009
+ [JSON]
+ - the compatible XS version was miswritten in document.
+
+2.13 Sat Feb 21 17:01:05 2009
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - decode() didn't upgrade unicode escaped charcters \u0080-\u00ff.
+ this problem was pointed by rt#43424 (Mika Raento)
+ [JSON::PP::56]
+ - fixed utf8::encode/decode emulators bugs.
+ - defined a missing B module constant in Perl 5.6.0.
+ (reported by Clinton Pierce)
+ [JSON::PP::5005]
+ - _decode_unicode() returned a 0x80-0xff value as UTF8 encoded byte.
+ [JSON]
+ - added a refference to JSON::XS's document "JSON and ECMAscript".
+ - fixed a typo in the document (pointed by Jim Cromie).
+
+2.12 Wed Jul 16 11:14:35 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.22
+
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - fixed the incremental parser in negative nest level
+ (pointed and patched by Yuval Kogman)
+
+2.11 Tue Jun 17 14:30:01 2008
+ [JSON::PP]
+ - fixed the decoding process which checks number.
+ regarded number like chars in Unicode (ex. U+FF11) as [\d].
+ - enhanced error messages compatible to JSON::XS.
+
+2.10 Tue Jun 3 18:42:11 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.21
+ * updated the document.
+ - added an item pointed by rt#32361 to the doc.
+
+ [JSON::PP] [JSON::PP58] [JSON::PP56] [JSON::PP5005]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.21
+ * added incr_reset
+ - removed useless codes.
+
+2.09 Sun Apr 20 20:45:33 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - made compatible with JSON::XS 2.2
+ - changed pod section totally.
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.20001
+ - made compatible witg JSON::XS 2.2
+ * lifted the log2 rounding restriction of max_depth and max_size.
+ * incremental json parsing (EXPERIMENTAL).
+ * allow_unknown/get_allow_unknown methods.
+ - the version format was changed.
+ X.YYZZZ => X.YY is the same as JSON::XS. ZZZ is the PP own version.
+ - changed pod section totally.
+
+2.08 Sat Apr 12 22:49:39 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - fixed JSON::Boolean inheritance mechanism.
+ If the backend is XS with support_by_pp mode and using PP only
+ support method, JSON::Boolean did not work correctly.
+ Thanks to hg[at]apteryx's point.
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.07
+ - Now split into JSON::PP58 for Perl 5.8 and lator.
+ - enhanced an error message compatible to JSON::XS
+ did not croak when TO_JSON method returns same object as passed.
+
+ [JSON::PP58]
+ - modified for Perls post 5.8.0 that don't have utf8::is_utf8.
+ Thanks to Andreas Koenig.
+
+2.07 Sat Feb 16 15:52:29 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - experimentally added -convert_blessed_universally to define
+ UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON subroutine.
+
+ use JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+ $json->convert_blessed->encode( $blessed );
+
+ - and as_nonbleesed is obsoleted (not yet removed). OK?
+ - fixed t/04_pretty.t.
+
+2.06 Fri Feb 8 16:21:59 2008
+ [JSON::PP] 2.06
+ - enhanced the XS compatibility for pretty-printing
+ and the indent handling was broken!
+
+2.05 Tue Feb 5 13:57:19 2008
+ [JSON::PP] 2.05
+ - enhanced some XS compatibilities for de/encode.
+ - now decode_error can dump high (>127) chars.
+ - enhanced the XS combatilbity of the decoding error.
+ - fixed the utf8 checker while decoding (is_valid_utf8).
+ - implemented utf8::downgrade in JSON::PP56.
+ - enhanced utf8::encode in JSON::PP56.
+ - made utf8::downgrade return a true in JSON::PP5005.
+
+2.04 Sat Jan 5 16:10:01 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - fixed a document typo pointed by kawasaki@annocpan
+ - make DATA handle closed for error mssages in support_by_pp mode.
+ - switched JSON::Backend::XS::Supportable wrapper de/encode
+ to changing symbolic tables for croak messages and speed.
+ - fixed support_by_pp setting
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.04
+ - enhanced the error message compatiblity to XS.
+
+2.03 Fri Jan 4 14:10:58 2008
+ [JSON]
+ - fixed the description - Transition ways from 1.xx to 2.xx.
+ $JSON::ConvBlessed compat => $json->allow_blessed->as_nonbleesed
+ - support_by_pp supports 'as_nonbleesed' (experimental)
+ - clean up the code for saving memory
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.03
+ - Now the allo_bignum flag also affects the encoding process.
+ encode() can convert Math::BigInt/Float objects into JSON numbers
+ - added as_nonblessed option (experimental)
+ - cleaned up internal function names (renamed camel case names)
+
+2.02 Wed Dec 26 11:08:19 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - Now support_by_pp allows to use indent_length()
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.02
+ - added get_indent_length
+
+2.01 Thu Dec 20 11:30:59 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - made the object methods - jsonToObj and objToJson
+ available for a while with warnings.
+
+2.00 Wed Dec 19 11:48:04 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - new version!
+ - modified Makefile.PL for broken Perls (when PERL_DL_NONLAZY = 1).
+
+ [JSON::PP] 2.0104
+ - clean up the document.
+ - use 'subs' instead of CORE::GLOBAL for fixing join() in 5.8.0 - 5.8.2
+ - enhanced decoding error messages for JSON::XS compatibility.
+ - jsonToObj and objToJson warn.
+
+
+1.99_05 Fri Dec 14 18:30:43 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - added a description about the Unicode handling to document.
+
+ [JSON::PP] (2.0103)
+ - Now the JSON::PP56 unicode handling does not require Unicode::String.
+ - Now JSON::PP5005 can de/enocde properly within the Perl 5.005 world.
+ - decode() always utf8::decode()ed to strings.
+ - decode() returned a big integer as string though the integer is
+ smaller than it is so.
+ - a bad know how - added the join() wrapper for Perl 5.8.0 - 5.8.2 bug.
+ - JSON::PP56 encode() did not handle Unicode properly.
+ - added a section about the unicode handling on Perls to JSON::PP doc.
+
+1.99_04 Mon Dec 10 14:28:15 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - modified the tests and source for Perl 5.005
+
+ [JSON::PP] (2.0102)
+ - modified some prototypes in JSON::PP5005.
+
+1.99_03 Mon Dec 10 11:43:02 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - modified tests and document.
+ in Perl5.8.2 or earlier, decoding with utf8 is broken because of
+ a Perl side problem. (join() had a bug.)
+ - modified Makefile.PL for Perl 5.005.
+ in the version, 'require JSON' is fail....
+
+ [JSON::PP] (2.0102)
+ - modified string decode function.
+ - enhanced error messages for compatibility to JSON::XS.
+ - enhanced utf8::decode emulator and unpack emulator in JSON::PP56.
+
+1.99_02 Sun Dec 9 05:06:19 2007
+ [JSON::PP] (2.0101)
+ - decoding with utf8 was broken in Perl 5.10
+ as the behaviour of unpack was changed.
+ - added a fake in JSON::PP5005 (bytes.pm)
+ - added the missing file JONS::PP::Boolean.pm
+
+1.99_01 Sat Dec 8 12:01:43 2007
+ [JSON]
+ - released as version 2.0
+ this module is incompatible to 1.xx, so check the document.
+
+ [JSON::PP] (2.01 from 0.97)
+ - updated JSON::PP for compatible to JSON::XS 2.01
+ - renamed from_json and to_json to decode_json and encode_json
+ - added get_* to JSON::PP
+ - deleted property() from JSON::PP
+ - deleted strict() and added loose()
+ - deleted disable_UTF8() and self_encode()
+ - renamed singlequote to allow_singlequote
+ - renamed allow_bigint to allow_bignum
+ - max_depth and max_size round up their arguments.
+ - added indent_length and sort_by
+
+
+## JSON version 1.xx
+
+1.15 Wed Nov 14 14:52:31 2007
+ - 1.xx final version.
+
+0.09 Sat Apr 9 15:27:47 2005
+ - original version; created by h2xs 1.22 with options
+ -XA -b 5.5.3 -n JSON
+
diff --git a/MANIFEST b/MANIFEST
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..00b351c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/MANIFEST
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+.travis.yml
+Changes
+eg/bench_decode.pl
+eg/bench_encode.pl
+lib/JSON.pm
+lib/JSON/backportPP.pm
+lib/JSON/backportPP/Boolean.pm
+lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5005.pm
+lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5006.pm
+Makefile.PL
+MANIFEST This list of files
+README
+t/00_backend_version.t
+t/00_load.t
+t/00_load_backport_pp.t
+t/00_pod.t
+t/01_utf8.t
+t/02_error.t
+t/03_types.t
+t/04_dwiw_encode.t
+t/05_dwiw_decode.t
+t/06_pc_pretty.t
+t/07_pc_esc.t
+t/08_pc_base.t
+t/09_pc_extra_number.t
+t/104_sortby.t
+t/105_esc_slash.t
+t/106_allow_barekey.t
+t/107_allow_singlequote.t
+t/108_decode.t
+t/109_encode.t
+t/10_pc_keysort.t
+t/110_bignum.t
+t/112_upgrade.t
+t/113_overloaded_eq.t
+t/114_decode_prefix.t
+t/115_tie_ixhash.t
+t/116_incr_parse_fixed.t
+t/117_numbers.t
+t/118_boolean_values.t
+t/11_pc_expo.t
+t/12_blessed.t
+t/13_limit.t
+t/14_latin1.t
+t/15_prefix.t
+t/16_tied.t
+t/17_relaxed.t
+t/18_json_checker.t
+t/19_incr.t
+t/20_faihu.t
+t/20_unknown.t
+t/21_evans.t
+t/22_comment_at_eof.t
+t/52_object.t
+t/99_binary.t
+t/e00_func.t
+t/e01_property.t
+t/e02_bool.t
+t/e03_bool2.t
+t/e11_conv_blessed_univ.t
+t/e90_misc.t
+t/gh_28_json_test_suite.t
+t/gh_29_trailing_false_value.t
+t/rt_116998_wrong_character_offset.t
+t/rt_90071_incr_parse.t
+t/x00_load.t
+t/x02_error.t
+t/x12_blessed.t
+t/x16_tied.t
+t/x17_strange_overload.t
+t/xe04_escape_slash.t
+t/xe05_indent_length.t
+t/xe12_boolean.t
+t/xe19_xs_and_suportbypp.t
+t/xe20_croak_message.t
+t/xe21_is_pp.t
+t/zero-mojibake.t
+META.yml Module YAML meta-data (added by MakeMaker)
+META.json Module JSON meta-data (added by MakeMaker)
diff --git a/META.json b/META.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fec57bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/META.json
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+{
+ "abstract" : "JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder",
+ "author" : [
+ "Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>"
+ ],
+ "dynamic_config" : 1,
+ "generated_by" : "ExtUtils::MakeMaker version 7.24, CPAN::Meta::Converter version 2.150010",
+ "license" : [
+ "perl_5"
+ ],
+ "meta-spec" : {
+ "url" : "http://search.cpan.org/perldoc?CPAN::Meta::Spec",
+ "version" : 2
+ },
+ "name" : "JSON",
+ "no_index" : {
+ "directory" : [
+ "t",
+ "inc"
+ ]
+ },
+ "prereqs" : {
+ "build" : {
+ "requires" : {
+ "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" : "0"
+ }
+ },
+ "configure" : {
+ "requires" : {
+ "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" : "0"
+ }
+ },
+ "runtime" : {
+ "recommends" : {
+ "JSON::XS" : "2.34"
+ },
+ "requires" : {
+ "Test::More" : "0"
+ }
+ }
+ },
+ "release_status" : "stable",
+ "resources" : {
+ "bugtracker" : {
+ "web" : "https://github.com/makamaka/JSON/issues"
+ },
+ "repository" : {
+ "url" : "https://github.com/makamaka/JSON"
+ }
+ },
+ "version" : "4.02",
+ "x_serialization_backend" : "JSON version 4.02"
+}
diff --git a/META.yml b/META.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb7f055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/META.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+abstract: 'JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder'
+author:
+ - 'Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>'
+build_requires:
+ ExtUtils::MakeMaker: '0'
+configure_requires:
+ ExtUtils::MakeMaker: '0'
+dynamic_config: 1
+generated_by: 'ExtUtils::MakeMaker version 7.24, CPAN::Meta::Converter version 2.150010'
+license: perl
+meta-spec:
+ url: http://module-build.sourceforge.net/META-spec-v1.4.html
+ version: '1.4'
+name: JSON
+no_index:
+ directory:
+ - t
+ - inc
+recommends:
+ JSON::XS: '2.34'
+requires:
+ Test::More: '0'
+resources:
+ bugtracker: https://github.com/makamaka/JSON/issues
+ repository: https://github.com/makamaka/JSON
+version: '4.02'
+x_serialization_backend: 'CPAN::Meta::YAML version 0.012'
diff --git a/Makefile.PL b/Makefile.PL
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7397db8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile.PL
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+require 5.00503;
+use strict;
+use ExtUtils::MakeMaker;
+
+use lib qw( ./lib );
+
+$| = 1;
+
+$ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 'JSON::backportPP';
+eval q| require JSON |;
+
+if ($@) {
+ print "Loading lib/JSON.pm failed. No B module?\n";
+ print "perl says : $@";
+ print "Setting environmental variable 'PERL_DL_NONLAZY' to 0 may help.\n";
+ print "No Makefile created.\n";
+ exit 0;
+}
+
+
+my $version = JSON->VERSION;
+
+print <<EOF;
+Welcome to JSON (v.$version)
+=============================
+
+ ** BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY **
+
+Since version 2.90, stringification (and string comparison) for
+JSON::true and JSON::false has not been overloaded. It shouldn't
+matter as long as you treat them as boolean values, but a code that
+expects they are stringified as "true" or "false" doesn't work as
+you have expected any more.
+
+ if (JSON::true eq 'true') { # now fails
+
+ print "The result is $JSON::true now."; # => The result is 1 now.
+
+And now these boolean values don't inherit JSON::Boolean, either.
+When you need to test a value is a JSON boolean value or not, use
+JSON::is_bool function, instead of testing the value inherits
+a particular boolean class or not.
+
+EOF
+
+
+WriteMakefile(
+ 'NAME' => 'JSON',
+ 'VERSION_FROM' => 'lib/JSON.pm', # finds $VERSION
+ 'ABSTRACT_FROM' => 'lib/JSON.pm', # retrieve abstract from module
+ 'AUTHOR' => 'Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>',
+ 'PREREQ_PM' => {
+ 'Test::More' => 0,
+ },
+ ( $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION >= 6.3002 ? ('LICENSE' => 'perl', ) : () ),
+
+ ( $ExtUtils::MakeMaker::VERSION >= 6.46 ? (
+ 'META_MERGE' => {
+ resources => {
+ repository => 'https://github.com/makamaka/JSON',
+ bugtracker => 'https://github.com/makamaka/JSON/issues',
+ },
+ recommends => {
+ 'JSON::XS' => JSON->require_xs_version,
+ },
+ } ) : ()
+ ),
+);
+
+
+if ($] < 5.006) { # I saw to http://d.hatena.ne.jp/asakusabashi/20051231/p1
+ open(IN, "Makefile");
+ open(OUT,">Makefile.tmp") || die;
+ while(<IN>) {
+ s/PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1//g;
+ print OUT;
+ }
+ close(OUT);
+ close(IN);
+ rename("Makefile.tmp" => "Makefile");
+}
diff --git a/README b/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56767bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README
@@ -0,0 +1,1176 @@
+NAME
+ JSON - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder
+
+SYNOPSIS
+ use JSON; # imports encode_json, decode_json, to_json and from_json.
+
+ # simple and fast interfaces (expect/generate UTF-8)
+
+ $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
+ $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
+
+ # OO-interface
+
+ $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar );
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
+
+ $pretty_printed = $json->pretty->encode( $perl_scalar ); # pretty-printing
+
+VERSION
+ 2.93
+
+DESCRIPTION
+ This module is a thin wrapper for JSON::XS-compatible modules with
+ a few additional features. All the backend modules convert a Perl
+ data structure to a JSON text as of RFC4627 (which we know is
+ obsolete but we still stick to; see below for an option to support
+ part of RFC7159) and vice versa. This module uses JSON::XS by
+ default, and when JSON::XS is not available, this module falls
+ back on JSON::PP, which is in the Perl core since 5.14. If
+ JSON::PP is not available either, this module then falls back on
+ JSON::backportPP (which is actually JSON::PP in a different .pm
+ file) bundled in the same distribution as this module. You can
+ also explicitly specify to use Cpanel::JSON::XS, a fork of
+ JSON::XS by Reini Urban.
+
+ All these backend modules have slight incompatibilities between
+ them, including extra features that other modules don't support,
+ but as long as you use only common features (most important ones
+ are described below), migration from backend to backend should be
+ reasonably easy. For details, see each backend module you use.
+
+CHOOSING BACKEND
+ This module respects an environmental variable called
+ "PERL_JSON_BACKEND" when it decides a backend module to use. If
+ this environmental variable is not set, it tries to load JSON::XS,
+ and if JSON::XS is not available, it falls back on JSON::PP, and
+ then JSON::backportPP if JSON::PP is not available either.
+
+ If you always don't want it to fall back on pure perl modules, set
+ the variable like this ("export" may be "setenv", "set" and the
+ likes, depending on your environment):
+
+ > export PERL_JSON_BACKEND=JSON::XS
+
+ If you prefer Cpanel::JSON::XS to JSON::XS, then:
+
+ > export PERL_JSON_BACKEND=Cpanel::JSON::XS,JSON::XS,JSON::PP
+
+ You may also want to set this variable at the top of your test
+ files, in order not to be bothered with incompatibilities between
+ backends (you need to wrap this in "BEGIN", and set before
+ actually "use"-ing JSON module, as it decides its backend as soon
+ as it's loaded):
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND}='JSON::backportPP'; }
+ use JSON;
+
+USING OPTIONAL FEATURES
+ There are a few options you can set when you "use" this module:
+
+ -support_by_pp
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 'JSON::XS' }
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+ # escape_slash is for JSON::PP only.
+ $json->allow_nonref->escape_slash->encode("/");
+
+ With this option, this module loads its pure perl backend
+ along with its XS backend (if available), and lets the XS
+ backend to watch if you set a flag only JSON::PP supports.
+ When you do, the internal JSON::XS object is replaced with a
+ newly created JSON::PP object with the setting copied from the
+ XS object, so that you can use JSON::PP flags (and its slower
+ "decode"/"encode" methods) from then on. In other words, this
+ is not something that allows you to hook JSON::XS to change
+ its behavior while keeping its speed. JSON::XS and JSON::PP
+ objects are quite different (JSON::XS object is a blessed
+ scalar reference, while JSON::PP object is a blessed hash
+ reference), and can't share their internals.
+
+ To avoid needless overhead (by copying settings), you are
+ advised not to use this option and just to use JSON::PP
+ explicitly when you need JSON::PP features.
+
+ -convert_blessed_universally
+ use JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref->convert_blessed;
+ my $object = bless {foo => 'bar'}, 'Foo';
+ $json->encode($object); # => {"foo":"bar"}
+
+ JSON::XS-compatible backend modules don't encode blessed
+ objects by default (except for their boolean values, which are
+ typically blessed JSON::PP::Boolean objects). If you need to
+ encode a data structure that may contain objects, you usually
+ need to look into the structure and replace objects with
+ alternative non-blessed values, or enable "convert_blessed"
+ and provide a "TO_JSON" method for each object's (base) class
+ that may be found in the structure, in order to let the
+ methods replace the objects with whatever scalar values the
+ methods return.
+
+ If you need to serialise data structures that may contain
+ arbitrary objects, it's probably better to use other
+ serialisers (such as Sereal or Storable for example), but if
+ you do want to use this module for that purpose,
+ "-convert_blessed_universally" option may help, which tweaks
+ "encode" method of the backend to install "UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON"
+ method (locally) before encoding, so that all the objects that
+ don't have their own "TO_JSON" method can fall back on the
+ method in the "UNIVERSAL" namespace. Note that you still need
+ to enable "convert_blessed" flag to actually encode objects in
+ a data structure, and "UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON" method installed by
+ this option only converts blessed hash/array references into
+ their unblessed clone (including private keys/values that are
+ not supposed to be exposed). Other blessed references will be
+ converted into null.
+
+ This feature is experimental and may be removed in the future.
+
+ -no_export
+ When you don't want to import functional interfaces from a
+ module, you usually supply "()" to its "use" statement.
+
+ use JSON (); # no functional interfaces
+
+ If you don't want to import functional interfaces, but you
+ also want to use any of the above options, add "-no_export" to
+ the option list.
+
+ # no functional interfaces, while JSON::PP support is enabled.
+ use JSON -support_by_pp, -no_export;
+
+FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE
+ This section is taken from JSON::XS. "encode_json" and
+ "decode_json" are exported by default.
+
+ This module also exports "to_json" and "from_json" for backward
+ compatibility. These are slower, and may expect/generate different
+ stuff from what "encode_json" and "decode_json" do, depending on
+ their options. It's better just to use Object-Oriented interfaces
+ than using these two functions.
+
+ encode_json
+ $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
+
+ Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary
+ string (that is, the string contains octets only). Croaks on
+ error.
+
+ This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+ Except being faster.
+
+ decode_json
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
+
+ The opposite of "encode_json": expects an UTF-8 (binary) string
+ and tries to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning
+ the resulting reference. Croaks on error.
+
+ This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->utf8->decode($json_text)
+
+ Except being faster.
+
+ to_json
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar[, $optional_hashref])
+
+ Converts the given Perl data structure to a Unicode string by
+ default. Croaks on error.
+
+ Basically, this function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+ Except being slower.
+
+ You can pass an optional hash reference to modify its behavior,
+ but that may change what "to_json" expects/generates (see
+ "ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES" for details).
+
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar, {utf8 => 1, pretty => 1})
+ # => JSON->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1)->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+ from_json
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text[, $optional_hashref])
+
+ The opposite of "to_json": expects a Unicode string and tries to
+ parse it, returning the resulting reference. Croaks on error.
+
+ Basically, this function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->decode($json_text)
+
+ You can pass an optional hash reference to modify its behavior,
+ but that may change what "from_json" expects/generates (see
+ "ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES" for details).
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text, {utf8 => 1})
+ # => JSON->new->utf8(1)->decode($json_text)
+
+ JSON::is_bool
+ $is_boolean = JSON::is_bool($scalar)
+
+ Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::true or
+ JSON::false, two constants that act like 1 and 0 respectively and
+ are also used to represent JSON "true" and "false" in Perl
+ strings.
+
+ See MAPPING, below, for more information on how JSON values are
+ mapped to Perl.
+
+COMMON OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
+ This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+ The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding
+ or decoding style, within the limits of supported formats.
+
+ new
+ $json = JSON->new
+
+ Creates a new JSON::XS-compatible backend object that can be used
+ to de/encode JSON strings. All boolean flags described below are
+ by default *disabled*.
+
+ The mutators for flags all return the backend object again and
+ thus calls can be chained:
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]})
+ => {"a": [1, 2]}
+
+ ascii
+ $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_ascii
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will not
+ generate characters outside the code range 0..127 (which is
+ ASCII). Any Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped
+ using either a single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double
+ \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence, as per RFC4627. The resulting
+ encoded JSON text can be treated as a native Unicode string, an
+ ascii-encoded, latin1-encoded or UTF-8 encoded string, or any
+ other superset of ASCII.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not escape
+ Unicode characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other
+ flags. This results in a faster and more compact format.
+
+ See also the section *ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES* later in this
+ document.
+
+ The main use for this flag is to produce JSON texts that can be
+ transmitted over a 7-bit channel, as the encoded JSON texts will
+ not contain any 8 bit characters.
+
+ JSON->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
+ => ["\ud801\udc01"]
+
+ latin1
+ $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_latin1
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will
+ encode the resulting JSON text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping
+ any characters outside the code range 0..255. The resulting string
+ can be treated as a latin1-encoded JSON text or a native Unicode
+ string. The "decode" method will not be affected in any way by
+ this flag, as "decode" by default expects Unicode, which is a
+ strict superset of latin1.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not escape
+ Unicode characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other
+ flags.
+
+ See also the section *ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES* later in this
+ document.
+
+ The main use for this flag is efficiently encoding binary data as
+ JSON text, as most octets will not be escaped, resulting in a
+ smaller encoded size. The disadvantage is that the resulting JSON
+ text is encoded in latin1 (and must correctly be treated as such
+ when storing and transferring), a rare encoding for JSON. It is
+ therefore most useful when you want to store data structures known
+ to contain binary data efficiently in files or databases, not when
+ talking to other JSON encoders/decoders.
+
+ JSON->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
+ => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
+
+ utf8
+ $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_utf8
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will
+ encode the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols,
+ while the "decode" method expects to be handled an UTF-8-encoded
+ string. Please note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any
+ characters outside the range 0..255, they are thus useful for
+ bytewise/binary I/O. In future versions, enabling this option
+ might enable autodetection of the UTF-16 and UTF-32 encoding
+ families, as described in RFC4627.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will return the JSON
+ string as a (non-encoded) Unicode string, while "decode" expects
+ thus a Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or
+ UTF-16) needs to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
+
+ See also the section *ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES* later in this
+ document.
+
+ Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON->new->encode ($object);
+
+ Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $object = JSON->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
+
+ pretty
+ $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
+
+ This enables (or disables) all of the "indent", "space_before" and
+ "space_after" (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call
+ to generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible.
+
+ indent
+ $json = $json->indent([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_indent
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will use
+ a multiline format as output, putting every array member or
+ object/hash key-value pair into its own line, indenting them
+ properly.
+
+ If $enable is false, no newlines or indenting will be produced,
+ and the resulting JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any
+ "newlines".
+
+ This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+ space_before
+ $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_before
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will add
+ an extra optional space before the ":" separating keys from values
+ in JSON objects.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not add any
+ extra space at those places.
+
+ This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. You will also
+ most likely combine this setting with "space_after".
+
+ Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled:
+
+ {"key" :"value"}
+
+ space_after
+ $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_after
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will add
+ an extra optional space after the ":" separating keys from values
+ in JSON objects and extra whitespace after the "," separating
+ key-value pairs and array members.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will not add any
+ extra space at those places.
+
+ This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+ Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled:
+
+ {"key": "value"}
+
+ relaxed
+ $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then "decode" will accept some
+ extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). "encode" will not be
+ affected in anyway. *Be aware that this option makes you accept
+ invalid JSON texts as if they were valid!*. I suggest only to use
+ this option to parse application-specific files written by humans
+ (configuration files, resource files etc.)
+
+ If $enable is false (the default), then "decode" will only accept
+ valid JSON texts.
+
+ Currently accepted extensions are:
+
+ * list items can have an end-comma
+
+ JSON *separates* array elements and key-value pairs with
+ commas. This can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually
+ and want to be able to quickly append elements, so this
+ extension accepts comma at the end of such items not just
+ between them:
+
+ [
+ 1,
+ 2, <- this comma not normally allowed
+ ]
+ {
+ "k1": "v1",
+ "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed
+ }
+
+ * shell-style '#'-comments
+
+ Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are
+ additionally allowed. They are terminated by the first
+ carriage-return or line-feed character, after which more
+ white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, # this comment not allowed in JSON
+ # neither this one...
+ ]
+
+ canonical
+ $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_canonical
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will
+ output JSON objects by sorting their keys. This is adding a
+ comparatively high overhead.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will output
+ key-value pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely
+ change between runs of the same script, and can change even within
+ the same run from 5.18 onwards).
+
+ This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be
+ encoded as the same JSON text (given the same overall settings).
+ If it is disabled, the same hash might be encoded differently even
+ if contains the same data, as key-value pairs have no inherent
+ ordering in Perl.
+
+ This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+ This setting has currently no effect on tied hashes.
+
+ allow_nonref
+ $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method can
+ convert a non-reference into its corresponding string, number or
+ null JSON value, which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise,
+ "decode" will accept those JSON values instead of croaking.
+
+ If $enable is false, then the "encode" method will croak if it
+ isn't passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be
+ an object or array. Likewise, "decode" will croak if given
+ something that is not a JSON object or array.
+
+ Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value with enabled
+ "allow_nonref", resulting in an invalid JSON text:
+
+ JSON->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!")
+ => "Hello, World!"
+
+ allow_unknown
+ $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode" will *not* throw an
+ exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON
+ (for example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON "null"
+ value. Note that blessed objects are not included here and are
+ handled separately by c<allow_nonref>.
+
+ If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an
+ exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
+
+ This option does not affect "decode" in any way, and it is
+ recommended to leave it off unless you know your communications
+ partner.
+
+ allow_blessed
+ $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
+
+ See "OBJECT SERIALISATION" for details.
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then the "encode" method will not
+ barf when it encounters a blessed reference that it cannot convert
+ otherwise. Instead, a JSON "null" value is encoded instead of the
+ object.
+
+ If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will throw an
+ exception when it encounters a blessed object that it cannot
+ convert otherwise.
+
+ This setting has no effect on "decode".
+
+ convert_blessed
+ $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
+
+ See "OBJECT SERIALISATION" for details.
+
+ If $enable is true (or missing), then "encode", upon encountering
+ a blessed object, will check for the availability of the "TO_JSON"
+ method on the object's class. If found, it will be called in
+ scalar context and the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of
+ the object.
+
+ The "TO_JSON" method may safely call die if it wants. If "TO_JSON"
+ returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same
+ way. "TO_JSON" must take care of not causing an endless recursion
+ cycle (== crash) in this case. The name of "TO_JSON" was chosen
+ because other methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user
+ of the object) are usually in upper case letters and to avoid
+ collisions with any "to_json" function or method.
+
+ If $enable is false (the default), then "encode" will not consider
+ this type of conversion.
+
+ This setting has no effect on "decode".
+
+ filter_json_object
+ $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
+
+ When $coderef is specified, it will be called from "decode" each
+ time it decodes a JSON object. The only argument is a reference to
+ the newly-created hash. If the code references returns a single
+ scalar (which need not be a reference), this value (i.e. a copy of
+ that scalar to avoid aliasing) is inserted into the deserialised
+ data structure. If it returns an empty list (NOTE: *not* "undef",
+ which is a valid scalar), the original deserialised hash will be
+ inserted. This setting can slow down decoding considerably.
+
+ When $coderef is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will
+ be removed and "decode" will not change the deserialised hash in
+ any way.
+
+ Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5:
+
+ my $js = JSON->new->filter_json_object (sub { 5 });
+ # returns [5]
+ $js->decode ('[{}]'); # the given subroutine takes a hash reference.
+ # throw an exception because allow_nonref is not enabled
+ # so a lone 5 is not allowed.
+ $js->decode ('{"a":1, "b":2}');
+
+ filter_json_single_key_object
+ $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
+
+ Works remotely similar to "filter_json_object", but is only called
+ for JSON objects having a single key named $key.
+
+ This $coderef is called before the one specified via
+ "filter_json_object", if any. It gets passed the single value in
+ the JSON object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted
+ into the data structure. If it returns nothing (not even "undef"
+ but the empty list), the callback from "filter_json_object" will
+ be called next, as if no single-key callback were specified.
+
+ If $coderef is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback
+ will be disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given
+ key.
+
+ As this callback gets called less often then the
+ "filter_json_object" one, decoding speed will not usually suffer
+ as much. Therefore, single-key objects make excellent targets to
+ serialise Perl objects into, especially as single-key JSON objects
+ are as close to the type-tagged value concept as JSON gets (it's
+ basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of course, JSON does not support
+ this in any way, so you need to make sure your data never looks
+ like a serialised Perl hash.
+
+ Typical names for the single object key are "__class_whatever__",
+ or "$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$" or "}ugly_brace_placement", or
+ even things like "__class_md5sum(classname)__", to reduce the risk
+ of clashing with real hashes.
+
+ Example, decode JSON objects of the form "{ "__widget__" => <id>
+ }" into the corresponding $WIDGET{<id>} object:
+
+ # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}:
+ JSON
+ ->new
+ ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub {
+ $WIDGET{ $_[0] }
+ })
+ ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5')
+
+ # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class
+ # for serialisation to json:
+ sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON {
+ my ($self) = @_;
+
+ unless ($self->{id}) {
+ $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..;
+ $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self;
+ }
+
+ { __widget__ => $self->{id} }
+ }
+
+ max_depth
+ $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
+
+ $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
+
+ Sets the maximum nesting level (default 512) accepted while
+ encoding or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in
+ JSON text or a Perl data structure, then the encoder and decoder
+ will stop and croak at that point.
+
+ Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the
+ encoder needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of
+ "{" or "[" characters without their matching closing parenthesis
+ crossed to reach a given character in a string.
+
+ Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that
+ ensures that the object is only a single hash/object or array.
+
+ If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be
+ used, which is rarely useful.
+
+ max_size
+ $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
+
+ $max_size = $json->get_max_size
+
+ Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where
+ decoding is being attempted. The default is 0, meaning no limit.
+ When "decode" is called on a string that is longer then this many
+ bytes, it will not attempt to decode the string but throw an
+ exception. This setting has no effect on "encode" (yet).
+
+ If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same
+ as when 0 is specified).
+
+ encode
+ $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+ Converts the given Perl value or data structure to its JSON
+ representation. Croaks on error.
+
+ decode
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
+
+ The opposite of "encode": expects a JSON text and tries to parse
+ it, returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on
+ error.
+
+ decode_prefix
+ ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
+
+ This works like the "decode" method, but instead of raising an
+ exception when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON
+ object, it will silently stop parsing there and return the number
+ of characters consumed so far.
+
+ This is useful if your JSON texts are not delimited by an outer
+ protocol and you need to know where the JSON text ends.
+
+ JSON->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail")
+ => ([1], 3)
+
+ADDITIONAL METHODS
+ The following methods are for this module only.
+
+ backend
+ $backend = $json->backend
+
+ Since 2.92, "backend" method returns an abstract backend module
+ used currently, which should be JSON::Backend::XS (which inherits
+ JSON::XS or Cpanel::JSON::XS), or JSON::Backend::PP (which
+ inherits JSON::PP), not to monkey-patch the actual backend module
+ globally.
+
+ If you need to know what is used actually, use "isa", instead of
+ string comparison.
+
+ is_xs
+ $boolean = $json->is_xs
+
+ Returns true if the backend inherits JSON::XS or Cpanel::JSON::XS.
+
+ is_pp
+ $boolean = $json->is_pp
+
+ Returns true if the backend inherits JSON::PP.
+
+ property
+ $settings = $json->property()
+
+ Returns a reference to a hash that holds all the common flag
+ settings.
+
+ $json = $json->property('utf8' => 1)
+ $value = $json->property('utf8') # 1
+
+ You can use this to get/set a value of a particular flag.
+
+INCREMENTAL PARSING
+ This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+ In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON
+ texts. While this module always has to keep both JSON text and
+ resulting Perl data structure in memory at one time, it does allow
+ you to parse a JSON stream incrementally. It does so by
+ accumulating text until it has a full JSON object, which it then
+ can decode. This process is similar to using "decode_prefix" to
+ see if a full JSON object is available, but is much more efficient
+ (and can be implemented with a minimum of method calls).
+
+ This module will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is
+ sure it has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very
+ simple but truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes
+ won't stop as early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't
+ detect mismatched parentheses. The only thing it guarantees is
+ that it starts decoding as soon as a syntactically valid JSON text
+ has been seen. This means you need to set resource limits (e.g.
+ "max_size") to ensure the parser will stop parsing in the presence
+ if syntax errors.
+
+ The following methods implement this incremental parser.
+
+ incr_parse
+ $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
+
+ $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
+
+ @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
+
+ This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text
+ and extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of
+ these functions are optional).
+
+ If $string is given, then this string is appended to the already
+ existing JSON fragment stored in the $json object.
+
+ After that, if the function is called in void context, it will
+ simply return without doing anything further. This can be used to
+ add more text in as many chunks as you want.
+
+ If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to
+ extract exactly *one* JSON object. If that is successful, it will
+ return this object, otherwise it will return "undef". If there is
+ a parse error, this method will croak just as "decode" would do
+ (one can then use "incr_skip" to skip the erroneous part). This is
+ the most common way of using the method.
+
+ And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many
+ objects from the stream as it can find and return them, or the
+ empty list otherwise. For this to work, there must be no
+ separators (other than whitespace) between the JSON objects or
+ arrays, instead they must be concatenated back-to-back. If an
+ error occurs, an exception will be raised as in the scalar context
+ case. Note that in this case, any previously-parsed JSON texts
+ will be lost.
+
+ Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and
+ return them.
+
+ my @objs = JSON->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
+
+ incr_text
+ $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
+
+ This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an
+ lvalue, that is, you can manipulate it. This *only* works when a
+ preceding call to "incr_parse" in *scalar context* successfully
+ returned an object. Under all other circumstances you must not
+ call this function (I mean it. although in simple tests it might
+ actually work, it *will* fail under real world conditions). As a
+ special exception, you can also call this method before having
+ parsed anything.
+
+ That means you can only use this function to look at or manipulate
+ text before or after complete JSON objects, not while the parser
+ is in the middle of parsing a JSON object.
+
+ This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text
+ after a JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated
+ by non-JSON text (such as commas).
+
+ incr_skip
+ $json->incr_skip
+
+ This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will
+ remove the parsed text from the input buffer so far. This is
+ useful after "incr_parse" died, in which case the input buffer and
+ incremental parser state is left unchanged, to skip the text
+ parsed so far and to reset the parse state.
+
+ The difference to "incr_reset" is that only text until the parse
+ error occurred is removed.
+
+ incr_reset
+ $json->incr_reset
+
+ This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this
+ call, it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
+
+ This is useful if you want to repeatedly parse JSON objects and
+ want to ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset
+ the parser after each successful decode.
+
+MAPPING
+ Most of this section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+ This section describes how the backend modules map Perl values to
+ JSON values and vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the
+ right thing" in most circumstances automatically, preserving
+ round-tripping characteristics (what you put in comes out as
+ something equivalent).
+
+ For the more enlightened: note that in the following descriptions,
+ lowercase *perl* refers to the Perl interpreter, while uppercase
+ *Perl* refers to the abstract Perl language itself.
+
+ JSON -> PERL
+ object
+ A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No
+ ordering of object keys is preserved (JSON does not preserver
+ object key ordering itself).
+
+ array
+ A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl.
+
+ string
+ A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode
+ codepoints in JSON are represented by the same codepoints in
+ the Perl string, so no manual decoding is necessary.
+
+ number
+ A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating
+ point) or string scalar in perl, depending on its range and
+ any fractional parts. On the Perl level, there is no
+ difference between those as Perl handles all the conversion
+ details, but an integer may take slightly less memory and
+ might represent more values exactly than floating point
+ numbers.
+
+ If the number consists of digits only, this module will try to
+ represent it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try
+ to represent it as a numeric (floating point) value if that is
+ possible without loss of precision. Otherwise it will preserve
+ the number as a string value (in which case you lose
+ roundtripping ability, as the JSON number will be re-encoded
+ to a JSON string).
+
+ Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will
+ always be represented as numeric (floating point) values,
+ possibly at a loss of precision (in which case you might lose
+ perfect roundtripping ability, but the JSON number will still
+ be re-encoded as a JSON number).
+
+ Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point
+ values cannot represent most decimal fractions exactly, and
+ when converting from and to floating point, this module only
+ guarantees precision up to but not including the least
+ significant bit.
+
+ true, false
+ These JSON atoms become "JSON::true" and "JSON::false",
+ respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like
+ the numbers 1 and 0. You can check whether a scalar is a JSON
+ boolean by using the "JSON::is_bool" function.
+
+ null
+ A JSON null atom becomes "undef" in Perl.
+
+ shell-style comments ("# *text*")
+ As a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax that is enabled
+ by the "relaxed" setting, shell-style comments are allowed.
+ They can start anywhere outside strings and go till the end of
+ the line.
+
+ PERL -> JSON
+ The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl
+ is a truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type
+ is meant by a Perl value.
+
+ hash references
+ Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no
+ inherent ordering in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will
+ usually be encoded in a pseudo-random order. This module can
+ optionally sort the hash keys (determined by the *canonical*
+ flag), so the same data structure will serialise to the same
+ JSON text (given same settings and version of the same
+ backend), but this incurs a runtime overhead and is only
+ rarely useful, e.g. when you want to compare some JSON text
+ against another for equality.
+
+ array references
+ Perl array references become JSON arrays.
+
+ other references
+ Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will
+ cause an exception to be thrown, except for references to the
+ integers 0 and 1, which get turned into "false" and "true"
+ atoms in JSON. You can also use "JSON::false" and "JSON::true"
+ to improve readability.
+
+ encode_json [\0,JSON::true] # yields [false,true]
+
+ JSON::true, JSON::false, JSON::null
+ These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
+ respectively. You can also use "\1" and "\0" directly if you
+ want.
+
+ blessed objects
+ Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON, but
+ "JSON::XS" allows various ways of handling objects. See
+ "OBJECT SERIALISATION", below, for details.
+
+ simple scalars
+ Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are
+ the most difficult objects to encode: this module will encode
+ undefined scalars as JSON "null" values, scalars that have
+ last been used in a string context before encoding as JSON
+ strings, and anything else as number value:
+
+ # dump as number
+ encode_json [2] # yields [2]
+ encode_json [-3.0e17] # yields [-3e+17]
+ my $value = 5; encode_json [$value] # yields [5]
+
+ # used as string, so dump as string
+ print $value;
+ encode_json [$value] # yields ["5"]
+
+ # undef becomes null
+ encode_json [undef] # yields [null]
+
+ You can force the type to be a string by stringifying it:
+
+ my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number
+ "$x"; # stringified
+ $x .= ""; # another, more awkward way to stringify
+ print $x; # perl does it for you, too, quite often
+
+ You can force the type to be a number by numifying it:
+
+ my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string
+ $x += 0; # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number
+ $x *= 1; # same thing, the choice is yours.
+
+ You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure,
+ ways. Tell me if you need this capability (but don't forget to
+ explain why it's needed :).
+
+ Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under
+ Perl (so binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules
+ as in Perl, which can differ to other languages). Also, your
+ perl interpreter might expose extensions to the floating point
+ numbers of your platform, such as infinities or NaN's - these
+ cannot be represented in JSON, and it is an error to pass
+ those in.
+
+ OBJECT SERIALISATION
+ As for Perl objects, this module only supports a pure JSON
+ representation (without the ability to deserialise the object
+ automatically again).
+
+ SERIALISATION
+ What happens when this module encounters a Perl object depends on
+ the "allow_blessed" and "convert_blessed" settings, which are used
+ in this order:
+
+ 1. "convert_blessed" is enabled and the object has a "TO_JSON"
+ method.
+ In this case, the "TO_JSON" method of the object is invoked in
+ scalar context. It must return a single scalar that can be
+ directly encoded into JSON. This scalar replaces the object in
+ the JSON text.
+
+ For example, the following "TO_JSON" method will convert all
+ URI objects to JSON strings when serialised. The fact that
+ these values originally were URI objects is lost.
+
+ sub URI::TO_JSON {
+ my ($uri) = @_;
+ $uri->as_string
+ }
+
+ 2. "allow_blessed" is enabled.
+ The object will be serialised as a JSON null value.
+
+ 3. none of the above
+ If none of the settings are enabled or the respective methods
+ are missing, this module throws an exception.
+
+ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES
+ This section is taken from JSON::XS.
+
+ The interested reader might have seen a number of flags that
+ signify encodings or codesets - "utf8", "latin1" and "ascii".
+ There seems to be some confusion on what these do, so here is a
+ short comparison:
+
+ "utf8" controls whether the JSON text created by "encode" (and
+ expected by "decode") is UTF-8 encoded or not, while "latin1" and
+ "ascii" only control whether "encode" escapes character values
+ outside their respective codeset range. Neither of these flags
+ conflict with each other, although some combinations make less
+ sense than others.
+
+ Care has been taken to make all flags symmetrical with respect to
+ "encode" and "decode", that is, texts encoded with any combination
+ of these flag values will be correctly decoded when the same flags
+ are used - in general, if you use different flag settings while
+ encoding vs. when decoding you likely have a bug somewhere.
+
+ Below comes a verbose discussion of these flags. Note that a
+ "codeset" is simply an abstract set of character-codepoint pairs,
+ while an encoding takes those codepoint numbers and *encodes*
+ them, in our case into octets. Unicode is (among other things) a
+ codeset, UTF-8 is an encoding, and ISO-8859-1 (= latin 1) and
+ ASCII are both codesets *and* encodings at the same time, which
+ can be confusing.
+
+ "utf8" flag disabled
+ When "utf8" is disabled (the default), then "encode"/"decode"
+ generate and expect Unicode strings, that is, characters with
+ high ordinal Unicode values (> 255) will be encoded as such
+ characters, and likewise such characters are decoded as-is, no
+ changes to them will be done, except "(re-)interpreting" them
+ as Unicode codepoints or Unicode characters, respectively (to
+ Perl, these are the same thing in strings unless you do
+ funny/weird/dumb stuff).
+
+ This is useful when you want to do the encoding yourself (e.g.
+ when you want to have UTF-16 encoded JSON texts) or when some
+ other layer does the encoding for you (for example, when
+ printing to a terminal using a filehandle that transparently
+ encodes to UTF-8 you certainly do NOT want to UTF-8 encode
+ your data first and have Perl encode it another time).
+
+ "utf8" flag enabled
+ If the "utf8"-flag is enabled, "encode"/"decode" will encode
+ all characters using the corresponding UTF-8 multi-byte
+ sequence, and will expect your input strings to be encoded as
+ UTF-8, that is, no "character" of the input string must have
+ any value > 255, as UTF-8 does not allow that.
+
+ The "utf8" flag therefore switches between two modes: disabled
+ means you will get a Unicode string in Perl, enabled means you
+ get an UTF-8 encoded octet/binary string in Perl.
+
+ "latin1" or "ascii" flags enabled
+ With "latin1" (or "ascii") enabled, "encode" will escape
+ characters with ordinal values > 255 (> 127 with "ascii") and
+ encode the remaining characters as specified by the "utf8"
+ flag.
+
+ If "utf8" is disabled, then the result is also correctly
+ encoded in those character sets (as both are proper subsets of
+ Unicode, meaning that a Unicode string with all character
+ values < 256 is the same thing as a ISO-8859-1 string, and a
+ Unicode string with all character values < 128 is the same
+ thing as an ASCII string in Perl).
+
+ If "utf8" is enabled, you still get a correct UTF-8-encoded
+ string, regardless of these flags, just some more characters
+ will be escaped using "\uXXXX" then before.
+
+ Note that ISO-8859-1-*encoded* strings are not compatible with
+ UTF-8 encoding, while ASCII-encoded strings are. That is
+ because the ISO-8859-1 encoding is NOT a subset of UTF-8
+ (despite the ISO-8859-1 *codeset* being a subset of Unicode),
+ while ASCII is.
+
+ Surprisingly, "decode" will ignore these flags and so treat
+ all input values as governed by the "utf8" flag. If it is
+ disabled, this allows you to decode ISO-8859-1- and
+ ASCII-encoded strings, as both strict subsets of Unicode. If
+ it is enabled, you can correctly decode UTF-8 encoded strings.
+
+ So neither "latin1" nor "ascii" are incompatible with the
+ "utf8" flag - they only govern when the JSON output engine
+ escapes a character or not.
+
+ The main use for "latin1" is to relatively efficiently store
+ binary data as JSON, at the expense of breaking compatibility
+ with most JSON decoders.
+
+ The main use for "ascii" is to force the output to not contain
+ characters with values > 127, which means you can interpret
+ the resulting string as UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ASCII, KOI8-R or
+ most about any character set and 8-bit-encoding, and still get
+ the same data structure back. This is useful when your channel
+ for JSON transfer is not 8-bit clean or the encoding might be
+ mangled in between (e.g. in mail), and works because ASCII is
+ a proper subset of most 8-bit and multibyte encodings in use
+ in the world.
+
+BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY
+ Since version 2.90, stringification (and string comparison) for
+ "JSON::true" and "JSON::false" has not been overloaded. It
+ shouldn't matter as long as you treat them as boolean values, but
+ a code that expects they are stringified as "true" or "false"
+ doesn't work as you have expected any more.
+
+ if (JSON::true eq 'true') { # now fails
+
+ print "The result is $JSON::true now."; # => The result is 1 now.
+
+ And now these boolean values don't inherit JSON::Boolean, either.
+ When you need to test a value is a JSON boolean value or not, use
+ "JSON::is_bool" function, instead of testing the value inherits a
+ particular boolean class or not.
+
+BUGS
+ Please report bugs on backend selection and additional features
+ this module provides to RT or GitHub issues for this module:
+
+ https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=JSON
+ https://github.com/makamaka/JSON/issues
+
+ Please report bugs and feature requests on decoding/encoding and
+ boolean behaviors to the author of the backend module you are
+ using.
+
+SEE ALSO
+ JSON::XS, Cpanel::JSON::XS, JSON::PP for backends.
+
+ JSON::MaybeXS, an alternative that prefers Cpanel::JSON::XS.
+
+ "RFC4627"(<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
+
+AUTHOR
+ Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, <makamaka[at]cpan.org>
+
+ JSON::XS was written by Marc Lehmann <schmorp[at]schmorp.de>
+
+ The release of this new version owes to the courtesy of Marc
+ Lehmann.
+
+COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+ Copyright 2005-2013 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+ This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
diff --git a/eg/bench_decode.pl b/eg/bench_decode.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..097655f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/eg/bench_decode.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Benchmark qw( cmpthese timethese );
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+
+my $wanttime = $ARGV[1] || 5;
+
+use JSON qw( -support_by_pp -no_export ); # for JSON::PP::Boolean inheritance
+use JSON::PP ();
+use JSON::XS ();
+use utf8;
+
+my $pp = JSON::PP->new->utf8;
+my $xs = JSON::XS->new->utf8;
+
+local $/;
+
+my $json = <>;
+my $perl = JSON::XS::decode_json $json;
+my $result;
+
+
+printf( "JSON::PP %s\n", JSON::PP->VERSION );
+printf( "JSON::XS %s\n", JSON::XS->VERSION );
+
+
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+print "->decode()\n";
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+
+$result = timethese( -$wanttime,
+ {
+ 'JSON::PP' => sub { $pp->decode( $json ) },
+ 'JSON::XS' => sub { $xs->decode( $json ) },
+ },
+ 'none'
+);
+cmpthese( $result );
+
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+
+
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 SYNOPSYS
+
+ bench_decode.pl json-file
+ # or
+ bench_decode.pl json-file minimum-time
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+L<JSON::PP> and L<JSON::XS> decoding benchmark.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+makamaka
+
+=head1 LISENCE
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/eg/bench_encode.pl b/eg/bench_encode.pl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0df914c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/eg/bench_encode.pl
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Benchmark qw( cmpthese timethese );
+
+our $VERSION = '1.00';
+
+my $wanttime = $ARGV[1] || 5;
+
+use JSON qw( -support_by_pp -no_export ); # for JSON::PP::Boolean inheritance
+use JSON::PP ();
+use JSON::XS ();
+use utf8;
+
+my $pp = JSON::PP->new->utf8;
+my $xs = JSON::XS->new->utf8;
+
+local $/;
+
+my $json = <>;
+my $perl = JSON::XS::decode_json $json;
+my $result;
+
+
+printf( "JSON::PP %s\n", JSON::PP->VERSION );
+printf( "JSON::XS %s\n", JSON::XS->VERSION );
+
+
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+print "->encode()\n";
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+
+$result = timethese( -$wanttime,
+ {
+ 'JSON::PP' => sub { $pp->encode( $perl ) },
+ 'JSON::XS' => sub { $xs->encode( $perl ) },
+ },
+ 'none'
+);
+cmpthese( $result );
+
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+print "->pretty->canonical->encode()\n";
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+
+$pp->pretty->canonical;
+$xs->pretty->canonical;
+
+$result = timethese( -$wanttime,
+ {
+ 'JSON::PP' => sub { $pp->encode( $perl ) },
+ 'JSON::XS' => sub { $xs->encode( $perl ) },
+ },
+ 'none'
+);
+cmpthese( $result );
+
+print "-----------------------------------\n";
+
+
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 SYNOPSYS
+
+ bench_encode.pl json-file
+ # or
+ bench_encode.pl json-file minimum-time
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+L<JSON::PP> and L<JSON::XS> encoding benchmark.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+makamaka
+
+=head1 LISENCE
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/lib/JSON.pm b/lib/JSON.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d58fc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/JSON.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,1848 @@
+package JSON;
+
+
+use strict;
+use Carp ();
+use Exporter;
+BEGIN { @JSON::ISA = 'Exporter' }
+
+@JSON::EXPORT = qw(from_json to_json jsonToObj objToJson encode_json decode_json);
+
+BEGIN {
+ $JSON::VERSION = '4.02';
+ $JSON::DEBUG = 0 unless (defined $JSON::DEBUG);
+ $JSON::DEBUG = $ENV{ PERL_JSON_DEBUG } if exists $ENV{ PERL_JSON_DEBUG };
+}
+
+my %RequiredVersion = (
+ 'JSON::PP' => '2.27203',
+ 'JSON::XS' => '2.34',
+);
+
+# XS and PP common methods
+
+my @PublicMethods = qw/
+ ascii latin1 utf8 pretty indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed filter_json_object filter_json_single_key_object
+ shrink max_depth max_size encode decode decode_prefix allow_unknown
+/;
+
+my @Properties = qw/
+ ascii latin1 utf8 indent space_before space_after relaxed canonical allow_nonref
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed shrink max_depth max_size allow_unknown
+/;
+
+my @XSOnlyMethods = qw//; # Currently nothing
+
+my @PublicMethodsSince4_0 = qw/allow_tags/;
+my @PropertiesSince4_0 = qw/allow_tags/;
+
+my @PPOnlyMethods = qw/
+ indent_length sort_by
+ allow_singlequote allow_bignum loose allow_barekey escape_slash as_nonblessed
+/; # JSON::PP specific
+
+
+# used in _load_xs and _load_pp ($INSTALL_ONLY is not used currently)
+my $_INSTALL_DONT_DIE = 1; # When _load_xs fails to load XS, don't die.
+my $_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED = 0;
+my $_UNIV_CONV_BLESSED = 0;
+
+
+# Check the environment variable to decide worker module.
+
+unless ($JSON::Backend) {
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp("Check used worker module...");
+
+ my $backend = exists $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ? $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} : 1;
+
+ if ($backend eq '1') {
+ $backend = 'JSON::XS,JSON::PP';
+ }
+ elsif ($backend eq '0') {
+ $backend = 'JSON::PP';
+ }
+ elsif ($backend eq '2') {
+ $backend = 'JSON::XS';
+ }
+ $backend =~ s/\s+//g;
+
+ my @backend_modules = split /,/, $backend;
+ while(my $module = shift @backend_modules) {
+ if ($module =~ /JSON::XS/) {
+ _load_xs($module, @backend_modules ? $_INSTALL_DONT_DIE : 0);
+ }
+ elsif ($module =~ /JSON::PP/) {
+ _load_pp($module);
+ }
+ elsif ($module =~ /JSON::backportPP/) {
+ _load_pp($module);
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak "The value of environmental variable 'PERL_JSON_BACKEND' is invalid.";
+ }
+ last if $JSON::Backend;
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub import {
+ my $pkg = shift;
+ my @what_to_export;
+ my $no_export;
+
+ for my $tag (@_) {
+ if ($tag eq '-support_by_pp') {
+ if (!$_ALLOW_UNSUPPORTED++) {
+ JSON::Backend::XS
+ ->support_by_pp(@PPOnlyMethods) if ($JSON::Backend->is_xs);
+ }
+ next;
+ }
+ elsif ($tag eq '-no_export') {
+ $no_export++, next;
+ }
+ elsif ( $tag eq '-convert_blessed_universally' ) {
+ my $org_encode = $JSON::Backend->can('encode');
+ eval q|
+ require B;
+ local $^W;
+ no strict 'refs';
+ *{"${JSON::Backend}\::encode"} = sub {
+ # only works with Perl 5.18+
+ local *UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON = sub {
+ my $b_obj = B::svref_2object( $_[0] );
+ return $b_obj->isa('B::HV') ? { %{ $_[0] } }
+ : $b_obj->isa('B::AV') ? [ @{ $_[0] } ]
+ : undef
+ ;
+ };
+ $org_encode->(@_);
+ };
+ | if ( !$_UNIV_CONV_BLESSED++ );
+ next;
+ }
+ push @what_to_export, $tag;
+ }
+
+ return if ($no_export);
+
+ __PACKAGE__->export_to_level(1, $pkg, @what_to_export);
+}
+
+
+# OBSOLETED
+
+sub jsonToObj {
+ my $alternative = 'from_json';
+ if (defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], 'JSON')) {
+ shift @_; $alternative = 'decode';
+ }
+ Carp::carp "'jsonToObj' will be obsoleted. Please use '$alternative' instead.";
+ return JSON::from_json(@_);
+};
+
+sub objToJson {
+ my $alternative = 'to_json';
+ if (defined $_[0] and UNIVERSAL::isa($_[0], 'JSON')) {
+ shift @_; $alternative = 'encode';
+ }
+ Carp::carp "'objToJson' will be obsoleted. Please use '$alternative' instead.";
+ JSON::to_json(@_);
+};
+
+
+# INTERFACES
+
+sub to_json ($@) {
+ if (
+ ref($_[0]) eq 'JSON'
+ or (@_ > 2 and $_[0] eq 'JSON')
+ ) {
+ Carp::croak "to_json should not be called as a method.";
+ }
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+
+ if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
+ my $opt = $_[1];
+ for my $method (keys %$opt) {
+ $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
+ }
+ }
+
+ $json->encode($_[0]);
+}
+
+
+sub from_json ($@) {
+ if ( ref($_[0]) eq 'JSON' or $_[0] eq 'JSON' ) {
+ Carp::croak "from_json should not be called as a method.";
+ }
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+
+ if (@_ == 2 and ref $_[1] eq 'HASH') {
+ my $opt = $_[1];
+ for my $method (keys %$opt) {
+ $json->$method( $opt->{$method} );
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $json->decode( $_[0] );
+}
+
+
+
+sub true { $JSON::true }
+
+sub false { $JSON::false }
+
+sub boolean {
+ # might be called as method or as function, so pop() to get the last arg instead of shift() to get the first
+ pop() ? $JSON::true : $JSON::false
+}
+
+sub null { undef; }
+
+
+sub require_xs_version { $RequiredVersion{'JSON::XS'}; }
+
+sub backend {
+ my $proto = shift;
+ $JSON::Backend;
+}
+
+#*module = *backend;
+
+
+sub is_xs {
+ return $_[0]->backend->is_xs;
+}
+
+
+sub is_pp {
+ return $_[0]->backend->is_pp;
+}
+
+
+sub pureperl_only_methods { @PPOnlyMethods; }
+
+
+sub property {
+ my ($self, $name, $value) = @_;
+
+ if (@_ == 1) {
+ my %props;
+ for $name (@Properties) {
+ my $method = 'get_' . $name;
+ if ($name eq 'max_size') {
+ my $value = $self->$method();
+ $props{$name} = $value == 1 ? 0 : $value;
+ next;
+ }
+ $props{$name} = $self->$method();
+ }
+ return \%props;
+ }
+ elsif (@_ > 3) {
+ Carp::croak('property() can take only the option within 2 arguments.');
+ }
+ elsif (@_ == 2) {
+ if ( my $method = $self->can('get_' . $name) ) {
+ if ($name eq 'max_size') {
+ my $value = $self->$method();
+ return $value == 1 ? 0 : $value;
+ }
+ $self->$method();
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $self->$name($value);
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+# INTERNAL
+
+sub __load_xs {
+ my ($module, $opt) = @_;
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Load $module.";
+ my $required_version = $RequiredVersion{$module} || '';
+
+ eval qq|
+ use $module $required_version ();
+ |;
+
+ if ($@) {
+ if (defined $opt and $opt & $_INSTALL_DONT_DIE) {
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Can't load $module...($@)";
+ return 0;
+ }
+ Carp::croak $@;
+ }
+ $JSON::BackendModuleXS = $module;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+sub _load_xs {
+ my ($module, $opt) = @_;
+ __load_xs($module, $opt) or return;
+
+ my $data = join("", <DATA>); # this code is from Jcode 2.xx.
+ close(DATA);
+ eval $data;
+ JSON::Backend::XS->init($module);
+
+ return 1;
+};
+
+
+sub __load_pp {
+ my ($module, $opt) = @_;
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Load $module.";
+ my $required_version = $RequiredVersion{$module} || '';
+
+ eval qq| use $module $required_version () |;
+
+ if ($@) {
+ if ( $module eq 'JSON::PP' ) {
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp "Can't load $module ($@), so try to load JSON::backportPP";
+ $module = 'JSON::backportPP';
+ local $^W; # if PP installed but invalid version, backportPP redefines methods.
+ eval qq| require $module |;
+ }
+ Carp::croak $@ if $@;
+ }
+ $JSON::BackendModulePP = $module;
+ return 1;
+}
+
+sub _load_pp {
+ my ($module, $opt) = @_;
+ __load_pp($module, $opt);
+
+ JSON::Backend::PP->init($module);
+};
+
+#
+# Helper classes for Backend Module (PP)
+#
+
+package JSON::Backend::PP;
+
+sub init {
+ my ($class, $module) = @_;
+
+ # name may vary, but the module should (always) be a JSON::PP
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs); # this routine may be called after JSON::Backend::XS init was called.
+ *{"JSON::decode_json"} = \&{"JSON::PP::decode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::encode_json"} = \&{"JSON::PP::encode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::is_bool"} = \&{"JSON::PP::is_bool"};
+
+ $JSON::true = ${"JSON::PP::true"};
+ $JSON::false = ${"JSON::PP::false"};
+
+ push @JSON::Backend::PP::ISA, 'JSON::PP';
+ push @JSON::ISA, $class;
+ $JSON::Backend = $class;
+ $JSON::BackendModule = $module;
+ my $version = ${"$class\::VERSION"} = $module->VERSION;
+ $version =~ s/_//;
+ if ($version < 3.99) {
+ push @XSOnlyMethods, qw/allow_tags get_allow_tags/;
+ } else {
+ push @Properties, 'allow_tags';
+ }
+
+ for my $method (@XSOnlyMethods) {
+ *{"JSON::$method"} = sub {
+ Carp::carp("$method is not supported by $module $version.");
+ $_[0];
+ };
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+sub is_xs { 0 };
+sub is_pp { 1 };
+
+#
+# To save memory, the below lines are read only when XS backend is used.
+#
+
+package JSON;
+
+1;
+__DATA__
+
+
+#
+# Helper classes for Backend Module (XS)
+#
+
+package JSON::Backend::XS;
+
+sub init {
+ my ($class, $module) = @_;
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+ *{"JSON::decode_json"} = \&{"$module\::decode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::encode_json"} = \&{"$module\::encode_json"};
+ *{"JSON::is_bool"} = \&{"$module\::is_bool"};
+
+ $JSON::true = ${"$module\::true"};
+ $JSON::false = ${"$module\::false"};
+
+ push @JSON::Backend::XS::ISA, $module;
+ push @JSON::ISA, $class;
+ $JSON::Backend = $class;
+ $JSON::BackendModule = $module;
+ ${"$class\::VERSION"} = $module->VERSION;
+
+ if ( $module->VERSION < 3 ) {
+ eval 'package JSON::PP::Boolean';
+ push @{"$module\::Boolean::ISA"}, qw(JSON::PP::Boolean);
+ }
+
+ for my $method (@PPOnlyMethods) {
+ *{"JSON::$method"} = sub {
+ Carp::carp("$method is not supported by $module.");
+ $_[0];
+ };
+ }
+
+ return 1;
+}
+
+sub is_xs { 1 };
+sub is_pp { 0 };
+
+sub support_by_pp {
+ my ($class, @methods) = @_;
+
+ JSON::__load_pp('JSON::PP');
+
+ local $^W;
+ no strict qw(refs);
+
+ for my $method (@methods) {
+ my $pp_method = JSON::PP->can($method) or next;
+ *{"JSON::$method"} = sub {
+ if (!$_[0]->isa('JSON::PP')) {
+ my $xs_self = $_[0];
+ my $pp_self = JSON::PP->new;
+ for (@Properties) {
+ my $getter = "get_$_";
+ $pp_self->$_($xs_self->$getter);
+ }
+ $_[0] = $pp_self;
+ }
+ $pp_method->(@_);
+ };
+ }
+
+ $JSON::DEBUG and Carp::carp("set -support_by_pp mode.");
+}
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON - JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) encoder/decoder
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ use JSON; # imports encode_json, decode_json, to_json and from_json.
+
+ # simple and fast interfaces (expect/generate UTF-8)
+
+ $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
+ $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
+
+ # OO-interface
+
+ $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar );
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
+
+ $pretty_printed = $json->pretty->encode( $perl_scalar ); # pretty-printing
+
+=head1 VERSION
+
+ 4.02
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module is a thin wrapper for L<JSON::XS>-compatible modules with a few
+additional features. All the backend modules convert a Perl data structure
+to a JSON text and vice versa. This module uses L<JSON::XS> by default,
+and when JSON::XS is not available, falls back on L<JSON::PP>, which is
+in the Perl core since 5.14. If JSON::PP is not available either, this
+module then falls back on JSON::backportPP (which is actually JSON::PP
+in a different .pm file) bundled in the same distribution as this module.
+You can also explicitly specify to use L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, a fork of
+JSON::XS by Reini Urban.
+
+All these backend modules have slight incompatibilities between them,
+including extra features that other modules don't support, but as long as you
+use only common features (most important ones are described below), migration
+from backend to backend should be reasonably easy. For details, see each
+backend module you use.
+
+=head1 CHOOSING BACKEND
+
+This module respects an environmental variable called C<PERL_JSON_BACKEND>
+when it decides a backend module to use. If this environmental variable is
+not set, it tries to load JSON::XS, and if JSON::XS is not available, it
+falls back on JSON::PP, and then JSON::backportPP if JSON::PP is not available
+either.
+
+If you always don't want it to fall back on pure perl modules, set the
+variable like this (C<export> may be C<setenv>, C<set> and the likes,
+depending on your environment):
+
+ > export PERL_JSON_BACKEND=JSON::XS
+
+If you prefer Cpanel::JSON::XS to JSON::XS, then:
+
+ > export PERL_JSON_BACKEND=Cpanel::JSON::XS,JSON::XS,JSON::PP
+
+You may also want to set this variable at the top of your test files, in order
+not to be bothered with incompatibilities between backends (you need to wrap
+this in C<BEGIN>, and set before actually C<use>-ing JSON module, as it decides
+its backend as soon as it's loaded):
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND}='JSON::backportPP'; }
+ use JSON;
+
+=head1 USING OPTIONAL FEATURES
+
+There are a few options you can set when you C<use> this module.
+These historical options are only kept for backward compatibility,
+and should not be used in a new application.
+
+=over
+
+=item -support_by_pp
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = 'JSON::XS' }
+
+ use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+ # escape_slash is for JSON::PP only.
+ $json->allow_nonref->escape_slash->encode("/");
+
+With this option, this module loads its pure perl backend along with
+its XS backend (if available), and lets the XS backend to watch if you set
+a flag only JSON::PP supports. When you do, the internal JSON::XS object
+is replaced with a newly created JSON::PP object with the setting copied
+from the XS object, so that you can use JSON::PP flags (and its slower
+C<decode>/C<encode> methods) from then on. In other words, this is not
+something that allows you to hook JSON::XS to change its behavior while
+keeping its speed. JSON::XS and JSON::PP objects are quite different
+(JSON::XS object is a blessed scalar reference, while JSON::PP object is
+a blessed hash reference), and can't share their internals.
+
+To avoid needless overhead (by copying settings), you are advised not
+to use this option and just to use JSON::PP explicitly when you need
+JSON::PP features.
+
+=item -convert_blessed_universally
+
+ use JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref->convert_blessed;
+ my $object = bless {foo => 'bar'}, 'Foo';
+ $json->encode($object); # => {"foo":"bar"}
+
+JSON::XS-compatible backend modules don't encode blessed objects by
+default (except for their boolean values, which are typically blessed
+JSON::PP::Boolean objects). If you need to encode a data structure
+that may contain objects, you usually need to look into the structure
+and replace objects with alternative non-blessed values, or enable
+C<convert_blessed> and provide a C<TO_JSON> method for each object's
+(base) class that may be found in the structure, in order to let the
+methods replace the objects with whatever scalar values the methods
+return.
+
+If you need to serialise data structures that may contain arbitrary
+objects, it's probably better to use other serialisers (such as
+L<Sereal> or L<Storable> for example), but if you do want to use
+this module for that purpose, C<-convert_blessed_universally> option
+may help, which tweaks C<encode> method of the backend to install
+C<UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON> method (locally) before encoding, so that
+all the objects that don't have their own C<TO_JSON> method can
+fall back on the method in the C<UNIVERSAL> namespace. Note that you
+still need to enable C<convert_blessed> flag to actually encode
+objects in a data structure, and C<UNIVERSAL::TO_JSON> method
+installed by this option only converts blessed hash/array references
+into their unblessed clone (including private keys/values that are
+not supposed to be exposed). Other blessed references will be
+converted into null.
+
+This feature is experimental and may be removed in the future.
+
+=item -no_export
+
+When you don't want to import functional interfaces from a module, you
+usually supply C<()> to its C<use> statement.
+
+ use JSON (); # no functional interfaces
+
+If you don't want to import functional interfaces, but you also want to
+use any of the above options, add C<-no_export> to the option list.
+
+ # no functional interfaces, while JSON::PP support is enabled.
+ use JSON -support_by_pp, -no_export;
+
+=back
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE
+
+This section is taken from JSON::XS. C<encode_json> and C<decode_json>
+are exported by default.
+
+This module also exports C<to_json> and C<from_json> for backward
+compatibility. These are slower, and may expect/generate different stuff
+from what C<encode_json> and C<decode_json> do, depending on their
+options. It's better just to use Object-Oriented interfaces than using
+these two functions.
+
+=head2 encode_json
+
+ $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary string
+(that is, the string contains octets only). Croaks on error.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Except being faster.
+
+=head2 decode_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
+
+The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries
+to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting
+reference. Croaks on error.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->utf8->decode($json_text)
+
+Except being faster.
+
+=head2 to_json
+
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar[, $optional_hashref])
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure to a Unicode string by default.
+Croaks on error.
+
+Basically, this function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON->new->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Except being slower.
+
+You can pass an optional hash reference to modify its behavior, but
+that may change what C<to_json> expects/generates (see
+C<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> for details).
+
+ $json_text = to_json($perl_scalar, {utf8 => 1, pretty => 1})
+ # => JSON->new->utf8(1)->pretty(1)->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+=head2 from_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text[, $optional_hashref])
+
+The opposite of C<to_json>: expects a Unicode string and tries
+to parse it, returning the resulting reference. Croaks on error.
+
+Basically, this function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON->new->decode($json_text)
+
+You can pass an optional hash reference to modify its behavior, but
+that may change what C<from_json> expects/generates (see
+C<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> for details).
+
+ $perl_scalar = from_json($json_text, {utf8 => 1})
+ # => JSON->new->utf8(1)->decode($json_text)
+
+=head2 JSON::is_bool
+
+ $is_boolean = JSON::is_bool($scalar)
+
+Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::true or
+JSON::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0> respectively
+and are also used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> in Perl strings.
+
+See L<MAPPING>, below, for more information on how JSON values are mapped to
+Perl.
+
+=head1 COMMON OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
+
+This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding or
+decoding style, within the limits of supported formats.
+
+=head2 new
+
+ $json = JSON->new
+
+Creates a new JSON::XS-compatible backend object that can be used to de/encode JSON
+strings. All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>
+(with the exception of C<allow_nonref>, which defaults to I<enabled> since
+version C<4.0>).
+
+The mutators for flags all return the backend object again and thus calls can
+be chained:
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]})
+ => {"a": [1, 2]}
+
+=head2 ascii
+
+ $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_ascii
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not
+generate characters outside the code range C<0..127> (which is ASCII). Any
+Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either a
+single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence,
+as per RFC4627. The resulting encoded JSON text can be treated as a native
+Unicode string, an ascii-encoded, latin1-encoded or UTF-8 encoded string,
+or any other superset of ASCII.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode
+characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results
+in a faster and more compact format.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+The main use for this flag is to produce JSON texts that can be
+transmitted over a 7-bit channel, as the encoded JSON texts will not
+contain any 8 bit characters.
+
+ JSON->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
+ => ["\ud801\udc01"]
+
+=head2 latin1
+
+ $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_latin1
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode
+the resulting JSON text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters
+outside the code range C<0..255>. The resulting string can be treated as a
+latin1-encoded JSON text or a native Unicode string. The C<decode> method
+will not be affected in any way by this flag, as C<decode> by default
+expects Unicode, which is a strict superset of latin1.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode
+characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+The main use for this flag is efficiently encoding binary data as JSON
+text, as most octets will not be escaped, resulting in a smaller encoded
+size. The disadvantage is that the resulting JSON text is encoded
+in latin1 (and must correctly be treated as such when storing and
+transferring), a rare encoding for JSON. It is therefore most useful when
+you want to store data structures known to contain binary data efficiently
+in files or databases, not when talking to other JSON encoders/decoders.
+
+ JSON->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
+ => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
+
+=head2 utf8
+
+ $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_utf8
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode
+the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the
+C<decode> method expects to be handled an UTF-8-encoded string. Please
+note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any characters outside the
+range C<0..255>, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O. In future
+versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the UTF-16
+and UTF-32 encoding families, as described in RFC4627.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will return the JSON
+string as a (non-encoded) Unicode string, while C<decode> expects thus a
+Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs
+to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON->new->encode ($object);
+
+Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $object = JSON->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
+
+=head2 pretty
+
+ $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
+
+This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and
+C<space_after> (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call to
+generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible.
+
+=head2 indent
+
+ $json = $json->indent([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_indent
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will use a multiline
+format as output, putting every array member or object/hash key-value pair
+into its own line, indenting them properly.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, no newlines or indenting will be produced, and the
+resulting JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any C<newlines>.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+=head2 space_before
+
+ $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_before
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space before the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. You will also
+most likely combine this setting with C<space_after>.
+
+Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled:
+
+ {"key" :"value"}
+
+=head2 space_after
+
+ $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_after
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space after the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects
+and extra whitespace after the C<,> separating key-value pairs and array
+members.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled:
+
+ {"key": "value"}
+
+=head2 relaxed
+
+ $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept some
+extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). C<encode> will not be
+affected in any way. I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid
+JSON texts as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration files,
+resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+Currently accepted extensions are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * list items can have an end-comma
+
+JSON I<separates> array elements and key-value pairs with commas. This
+can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually and want to be able to
+quickly append elements, so this extension accepts comma at the end of
+such items not just between them:
+
+ [
+ 1,
+ 2, <- this comma not normally allowed
+ ]
+ {
+ "k1": "v1",
+ "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed
+ }
+
+=item * shell-style '#'-comments
+
+Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are additionally
+allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-return or line-feed
+character, after which more white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, # this comment not allowed in JSON
+ # neither this one...
+ ]
+
+=back
+
+=head2 canonical
+
+ $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_canonical
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will output JSON objects
+by sorting their keys. This is adding a comparatively high overhead.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will output key-value
+pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely change between runs
+of the same script, and can change even within the same run from 5.18
+onwards).
+
+This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be encoded as
+the same JSON text (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled,
+the same hash might be encoded differently even if contains the same data,
+as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+This setting has currently no effect on tied hashes.
+
+=head2 allow_nonref
+
+ $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
+
+Unlike other boolean options, this opotion is enabled by default beginning
+with version C<4.0>.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method can convert a
+non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value,
+which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, C<decode> will accept those JSON
+values instead of croaking.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will croak if it isn't
+passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be an object
+or array. Likewise, C<decode> will croak if given something that is not a
+JSON object or array.
+
+Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value with enabled C<allow_nonref>,
+resulting in an invalid JSON text:
+
+ JSON->new->allow_nonref->encode ("Hello, World!")
+ => "Hello, World!"
+
+=head2 allow_unknown
+
+ $json = $json->allow_unknown ([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will I<not> throw an
+exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for
+example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON C<null> value. Note
+that blessed objects are not included here and are handled separately by
+c<allow_blessed>.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
+exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
+
+This option does not affect C<decode> in any way, and it is recommended to
+leave it off unless you know your communications partner.
+
+=head2 allow_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not
+barf when it encounters a blessed reference that it cannot convert
+otherwise. Instead, a JSON C<null> value is encoded instead of the object.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
+exception when it encounters a blessed object that it cannot convert
+otherwise.
+
+This setting has no effect on C<decode>.
+
+=head2 convert_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a
+blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<TO_JSON> method
+on the object's class. If found, it will be called in scalar context and
+the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of the object.
+
+The C<TO_JSON> method may safely call die if it wants. If C<TO_JSON>
+returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same
+way. C<TO_JSON> must take care of not causing an endless recursion cycle
+(== crash) in this case. The name of C<TO_JSON> was chosen because other
+methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user of the object) are
+usually in upper case letters and to avoid collisions with any C<to_json>
+function or method.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will not consider
+this type of conversion.
+
+This setting has no effect on C<decode>.
+
+=head2 allow_tags (since version 3.0)
+
+ $json = $json->allow_tags([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_tags
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a
+blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<FREEZE> method on
+the object's class. If found, it will be used to serialise the object into
+a nonstandard tagged JSON value (that JSON decoders cannot decode).
+
+It also causes C<decode> to parse such tagged JSON values and deserialise
+them via a call to the C<THAW> method.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will not consider
+this type of conversion, and tagged JSON values will cause a parse error
+in C<decode>, as if tags were not part of the grammar.
+
+=head2 boolean_values (since version 4.0)
+
+ $json->boolean_values([$false, $true])
+
+ ($false, $true) = $json->get_boolean_values
+
+By default, JSON booleans will be decoded as overloaded
+C<$JSON::false> and C<$JSON::true> objects.
+
+With this method you can specify your own boolean values for decoding -
+on decode, JSON C<false> will be decoded as a copy of C<$false>, and JSON
+C<true> will be decoded as C<$true> ("copy" here is the same thing as
+assigning a value to another variable, i.e. C<$copy = $false>).
+
+This is useful when you want to pass a decoded data structure directly
+to other serialisers like YAML, Data::MessagePack and so on.
+
+Note that this works only when you C<decode>. You can set incompatible
+boolean objects (like L<boolean>), but when you C<encode> a data structure
+with such boolean objects, you still need to enable C<convert_blessed>
+(and add a C<TO_JSON> method if necessary).
+
+Calling this method without any arguments will reset the booleans
+to their default values.
+
+C<get_boolean_values> will return both C<$false> and C<$true> values, or
+the empty list when they are set to the default.
+
+=head2 filter_json_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
+
+When C<$coderef> is specified, it will be called from C<decode> each
+time it decodes a JSON object. The only argument is a reference to
+the newly-created hash. If the code references returns a single scalar
+(which need not be a reference), this value (or rather a copy of it) is
+inserted into the deserialised data structure. If it returns an empty
+list (NOTE: I<not> C<undef>, which is a valid scalar), the original
+deserialised hash will be inserted. This setting can slow down decoding
+considerably.
+
+When C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will
+be removed and C<decode> will not change the deserialised hash in any
+way.
+
+Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5:
+
+ my $js = JSON->new->filter_json_object(sub { 5 });
+ # returns [5]
+ $js->decode('[{}]');
+ # returns 5
+ $js->decode('{"a":1, "b":2}');
+
+=head2 filter_json_single_key_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
+
+Works remotely similar to C<filter_json_object>, but is only called for
+JSON objects having a single key named C<$key>.
+
+This C<$coderef> is called before the one specified via
+C<filter_json_object>, if any. It gets passed the single value in the JSON
+object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted into the data
+structure. If it returns nothing (not even C<undef> but the empty list),
+the callback from C<filter_json_object> will be called next, as if no
+single-key callback were specified.
+
+If C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback will be
+disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given key.
+
+As this callback gets called less often then the C<filter_json_object>
+one, decoding speed will not usually suffer as much. Therefore, single-key
+objects make excellent targets to serialise Perl objects into, especially
+as single-key JSON objects are as close to the type-tagged value concept
+as JSON gets (it's basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of course, JSON does not
+support this in any way, so you need to make sure your data never looks
+like a serialised Perl hash.
+
+Typical names for the single object key are C<__class_whatever__>, or
+C<$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$> or C<}ugly_brace_placement>, or even
+things like C<__class_md5sum(classname)__>, to reduce the risk of clashing
+with real hashes.
+
+Example, decode JSON objects of the form C<< { "__widget__" => <id> } >>
+into the corresponding C<< $WIDGET{<id>} >> object:
+
+ # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}:
+ JSON
+ ->new
+ ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub {
+ $WIDGET{ $_[0] }
+ })
+ ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5')
+
+ # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class
+ # for serialisation to json:
+ sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON {
+ my ($self) = @_;
+
+ unless ($self->{id}) {
+ $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..;
+ $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self;
+ }
+
+ { __widget__ => $self->{id} }
+ }
+
+=head2 max_depth
+
+ $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
+
+ $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
+
+Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding
+or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
+data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that
+point.
+
+Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder
+needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[>
+characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a
+given character in a string.
+
+Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures
+that the object is only a single hash/object or array.
+
+If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which
+is rarely useful.
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 max_size
+
+ $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
+
+ $max_size = $json->get_max_size
+
+Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is
+being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode>
+is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
+attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no
+effect on C<encode> (yet).
+
+If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when
+C<0> is specified).
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 encode
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Converts the given Perl value or data structure to its JSON
+representation. Croaks on error.
+
+=head2 decode
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
+
+The opposite of C<encode>: expects a JSON text and tries to parse it,
+returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on error.
+
+=head2 decode_prefix
+
+ ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
+
+This works like the C<decode> method, but instead of raising an exception
+when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object, it will
+silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters consumed
+so far.
+
+This is useful if your JSON texts are not delimited by an outer protocol
+and you need to know where the JSON text ends.
+
+ JSON->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail")
+ => ([1], 3)
+
+=head1 ADDITIONAL METHODS
+
+The following methods are for this module only.
+
+=head2 backend
+
+ $backend = $json->backend
+
+Since 2.92, C<backend> method returns an abstract backend module used currently,
+which should be JSON::Backend::XS (which inherits JSON::XS or Cpanel::JSON::XS),
+or JSON::Backend::PP (which inherits JSON::PP), not to monkey-patch the actual
+backend module globally.
+
+If you need to know what is used actually, use C<isa>, instead of string comparison.
+
+=head2 is_xs
+
+ $boolean = $json->is_xs
+
+Returns true if the backend inherits JSON::XS or Cpanel::JSON::XS.
+
+=head2 is_pp
+
+ $boolean = $json->is_pp
+
+Returns true if the backend inherits JSON::PP.
+
+=head2 property
+
+ $settings = $json->property()
+
+Returns a reference to a hash that holds all the common flag settings.
+
+ $json = $json->property('utf8' => 1)
+ $value = $json->property('utf8') # 1
+
+You can use this to get/set a value of a particular flag.
+
+=head2 boolean
+
+ $boolean_object = JSON->boolean($scalar)
+
+Returns $JSON::true if $scalar contains a true value, $JSON::false otherwise.
+You can use this as a full-qualified function (C<JSON::boolean($scalar)>).
+
+=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING
+
+This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON
+texts. While this module always has to keep both JSON text and resulting
+Perl data structure in memory at one time, it does allow you to parse a
+JSON stream incrementally. It does so by accumulating text until it has
+a full JSON object, which it then can decode. This process is similar to
+using C<decode_prefix> to see if a full JSON object is available, but
+is much more efficient (and can be implemented with a minimum of method
+calls).
+
+This module will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it
+has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but
+truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as
+early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect mismatched
+parentheses. The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as
+soon as a syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need
+to set resource limits (e.g. C<max_size>) to ensure the parser will stop
+parsing in the presence if syntax errors.
+
+The following methods implement this incremental parser.
+
+=head2 incr_parse
+
+ $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
+
+ $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
+
+ @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
+
+This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and
+extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these
+functions are optional).
+
+If C<$string> is given, then this string is appended to the already
+existing JSON fragment stored in the C<$json> object.
+
+After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply
+return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more text
+in as many chunks as you want.
+
+If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract
+exactly I<one> JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this
+object, otherwise it will return C<undef>. If there is a parse error,
+this method will croak just as C<decode> would do (one can then use
+C<incr_skip> to skip the erroneous part). This is the most common way of
+using the method.
+
+And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects
+from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list
+otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators (other than
+whitespace) between the JSON objects or arrays, instead they must be
+concatenated back-to-back. If an error occurs, an exception will be
+raised as in the scalar context case. Note that in this case, any
+previously-parsed JSON texts will be lost.
+
+Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return
+them.
+
+ my @objs = JSON->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
+
+=head2 incr_text
+
+ $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
+
+This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that
+is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to
+C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under
+all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean it.
+although in simple tests it might actually work, it I<will> fail under
+real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call this
+method before having parsed anything.
+
+That means you can only use this function to look at or manipulate text
+before or after complete JSON objects, not while the parser is in the
+middle of parsing a JSON object.
+
+This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a
+JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text
+(such as commas).
+
+=head2 incr_skip
+
+ $json->incr_skip
+
+This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove
+the parsed text from the input buffer so far. This is useful after
+C<incr_parse> died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser
+state is left unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the
+parse state.
+
+The difference to C<incr_reset> is that only text until the parse error
+occurred is removed.
+
+=head2 incr_reset
+
+ $json->incr_reset
+
+This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call,
+it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
+
+This is useful if you want to repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
+ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after
+each successful decode.
+
+=head1 MAPPING
+
+Most of this section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+This section describes how the backend modules map Perl values to JSON values and
+vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the right thing" in most
+circumstances automatically, preserving round-tripping characteristics
+(what you put in comes out as something equivalent).
+
+For the more enlightened: note that in the following descriptions,
+lowercase I<perl> refers to the Perl interpreter, while uppercase I<Perl>
+refers to the abstract Perl language itself.
+
+=head2 JSON -> PERL
+
+=over 4
+
+=item object
+
+A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No ordering of object
+keys is preserved (JSON does not preserver object key ordering itself).
+
+=item array
+
+A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl.
+
+=item string
+
+A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode codepoints in JSON
+are represented by the same codepoints in the Perl string, so no manual
+decoding is necessary.
+
+=item number
+
+A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating point) or
+string scalar in perl, depending on its range and any fractional parts. On
+the Perl level, there is no difference between those as Perl handles all
+the conversion details, but an integer may take slightly less memory and
+might represent more values exactly than floating point numbers.
+
+If the number consists of digits only, this module will try to represent
+it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try to represent it as
+a numeric (floating point) value if that is possible without loss of
+precision. Otherwise it will preserve the number as a string value (in
+which case you lose roundtripping ability, as the JSON number will be
+re-encoded to a JSON string).
+
+Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will always be
+represented as numeric (floating point) values, possibly at a loss of
+precision (in which case you might lose perfect roundtripping ability, but
+the JSON number will still be re-encoded as a JSON number).
+
+Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point values cannot
+represent most decimal fractions exactly, and when converting from and to
+floating point, this module only guarantees precision up to but not including
+the least significant bit.
+
+=item true, false
+
+These JSON atoms become C<JSON::true> and C<JSON::false>,
+respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like the numbers
+C<1> and C<0>. You can check whether a scalar is a JSON boolean by using
+the C<JSON::is_bool> function.
+
+=item null
+
+A JSON null atom becomes C<undef> in Perl.
+
+=item shell-style comments (C<< # I<text> >>)
+
+As a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax that is enabled by the
+C<relaxed> setting, shell-style comments are allowed. They can start
+anywhere outside strings and go till the end of the line.
+
+=item tagged values (C<< (I<tag>)I<value> >>).
+
+Another nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax, enabled with the
+C<allow_tags> setting, are tagged values. In this implementation, the
+I<tag> must be a perl package/class name encoded as a JSON string, and the
+I<value> must be a JSON array encoding optional constructor arguments.
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION>, below, for details.
+
+=back
+
+
+=head2 PERL -> JSON
+
+The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl is a
+truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type is meant by
+a Perl value.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item hash references
+
+Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent
+ordering in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be encoded
+in a pseudo-random order. This module can optionally sort the hash keys
+(determined by the I<canonical> flag), so the same data structure will
+serialise to the same JSON text (given same settings and version of
+the same backend), but this incurs a runtime overhead and is only rarely useful,
+e.g. when you want to compare some JSON text against another for equality.
+
+=item array references
+
+Perl array references become JSON arrays.
+
+=item other references
+
+Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an
+exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and
+C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can
+also use C<JSON::false> and C<JSON::true> to improve readability.
+
+ encode_json [\0,JSON::true] # yields [false,true]
+
+=item JSON::true, JSON::false, JSON::null
+
+These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
+respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want.
+
+=item blessed objects
+
+Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON, but C<JSON::XS>
+allows various ways of handling objects. See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION>,
+below, for details.
+
+=item simple scalars
+
+Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are the most
+difficult objects to encode: this module will encode undefined scalars as
+JSON C<null> values, scalars that have last been used in a string context
+before encoding as JSON strings, and anything else as number value:
+
+ # dump as number
+ encode_json [2] # yields [2]
+ encode_json [-3.0e17] # yields [-3e+17]
+ my $value = 5; encode_json [$value] # yields [5]
+
+ # used as string, so dump as string
+ print $value;
+ encode_json [$value] # yields ["5"]
+
+ # undef becomes null
+ encode_json [undef] # yields [null]
+
+You can force the type to be a string by stringifying it:
+
+ my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number
+ "$x"; # stringified
+ $x .= ""; # another, more awkward way to stringify
+ print $x; # perl does it for you, too, quite often
+
+You can force the type to be a number by numifying it:
+
+ my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string
+ $x += 0; # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number
+ $x *= 1; # same thing, the choice is yours.
+
+You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure, ways. Tell me
+if you need this capability (but don't forget to explain why it's needed
+:).
+
+Since version 2.91_01, JSON::PP uses a different number detection logic
+that converts a scalar that is possible to turn into a number safely.
+The new logic is slightly faster, and tends to help people who use older
+perl or who want to encode complicated data structure. However, this may
+results in a different JSON text from the one JSON::XS encodes (and
+thus may break tests that compare entire JSON texts). If you do
+need the previous behavior for better compatibility or for finer control,
+set PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B environmental variable to true before you
+C<use> JSON.
+
+Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under Perl (so
+binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules as in Perl, which
+can differ to other languages). Also, your perl interpreter might expose
+extensions to the floating point numbers of your platform, such as
+infinities or NaN's - these cannot be represented in JSON, and it is an
+error to pass those in.
+
+JSON.pm backend modules trust what you pass to C<encode> method
+(or C<encode_json> function) is a clean, validated data structure with
+values that can be represented as valid JSON values only, because it's
+not from an external data source (as opposed to JSON texts you pass to
+C<decode> or C<decode_json>, which JSON backends consider tainted and
+don't trust). As JSON backends don't know exactly what you and consumers
+of your JSON texts want the unexpected values to be (you may want to
+convert them into null, or to stringify them with or without
+normalisation (string representation of infinities/NaN may vary
+depending on platforms), or to croak without conversion), you're advised
+to do what you and your consumers need before you encode, and also not
+to numify values that may start with values that look like a number
+(including infinities/NaN), without validating.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 OBJECT SERIALISATION
+
+As JSON cannot directly represent Perl objects, you have to choose between
+a pure JSON representation (without the ability to deserialise the object
+automatically again), and a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax,
+tagged values.
+
+=head3 SERIALISATION
+
+What happens when this module encounters a Perl object depends on the
+C<allow_blessed>, C<convert_blessed> and C<allow_tags> settings, which
+are used in this order:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item 1. C<allow_tags> is enabled and the object has a C<FREEZE> method.
+
+In this case, C<JSON> creates a tagged JSON value, using a nonstandard
+extension to the JSON syntax.
+
+This works by invoking the C<FREEZE> method on the object, with the first
+argument being the object to serialise, and the second argument being the
+constant string C<JSON> to distinguish it from other serialisers.
+
+The C<FREEZE> method can return any number of values (i.e. zero or
+more). These values and the paclkage/classname of the object will then be
+encoded as a tagged JSON value in the following format:
+
+ ("classname")[FREEZE return values...]
+
+e.g.:
+
+ ("URI")["http://www.google.com/"]
+ ("MyDate")[2013,10,29]
+ ("ImageData::JPEG")["Z3...VlCg=="]
+
+For example, the hypothetical C<My::Object> C<FREEZE> method might use the
+objects C<type> and C<id> members to encode the object:
+
+ sub My::Object::FREEZE {
+ my ($self, $serialiser) = @_;
+
+ ($self->{type}, $self->{id})
+ }
+
+=item 2. C<convert_blessed> is enabled and the object has a C<TO_JSON> method.
+
+In this case, the C<TO_JSON> method of the object is invoked in scalar
+context. It must return a single scalar that can be directly encoded into
+JSON. This scalar replaces the object in the JSON text.
+
+For example, the following C<TO_JSON> method will convert all L<URI>
+objects to JSON strings when serialised. The fact that these values
+originally were L<URI> objects is lost.
+
+ sub URI::TO_JSON {
+ my ($uri) = @_;
+ $uri->as_string
+ }
+
+=item 3. C<allow_blessed> is enabled.
+
+The object will be serialised as a JSON null value.
+
+=item 4. none of the above
+
+If none of the settings are enabled or the respective methods are missing,
+this module throws an exception.
+
+=back
+
+=head3 DESERIALISATION
+
+For deserialisation there are only two cases to consider: either
+nonstandard tagging was used, in which case C<allow_tags> decides,
+or objects cannot be automatically be deserialised, in which
+case you can use postprocessing or the C<filter_json_object> or
+C<filter_json_single_key_object> callbacks to get some real objects our of
+your JSON.
+
+This section only considers the tagged value case: a tagged JSON object
+is encountered during decoding and C<allow_tags> is disabled, a parse
+error will result (as if tagged values were not part of the grammar).
+
+If C<allow_tags> is enabled, this module will look up the C<THAW> method
+of the package/classname used during serialisation (it will not attempt
+to load the package as a Perl module). If there is no such method, the
+decoding will fail with an error.
+
+Otherwise, the C<THAW> method is invoked with the classname as first
+argument, the constant string C<JSON> as second argument, and all the
+values from the JSON array (the values originally returned by the
+C<FREEZE> method) as remaining arguments.
+
+The method must then return the object. While technically you can return
+any Perl scalar, you might have to enable the C<allow_nonref> setting to
+make that work in all cases, so better return an actual blessed reference.
+
+As an example, let's implement a C<THAW> function that regenerates the
+C<My::Object> from the C<FREEZE> example earlier:
+
+ sub My::Object::THAW {
+ my ($class, $serialiser, $type, $id) = @_;
+
+ $class->new (type => $type, id => $id)
+ }
+
+
+=head1 ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES
+
+This section is taken from JSON::XS.
+
+The interested reader might have seen a number of flags that signify
+encodings or codesets - C<utf8>, C<latin1> and C<ascii>. There seems to be
+some confusion on what these do, so here is a short comparison:
+
+C<utf8> controls whether the JSON text created by C<encode> (and expected
+by C<decode>) is UTF-8 encoded or not, while C<latin1> and C<ascii> only
+control whether C<encode> escapes character values outside their respective
+codeset range. Neither of these flags conflict with each other, although
+some combinations make less sense than others.
+
+Care has been taken to make all flags symmetrical with respect to
+C<encode> and C<decode>, that is, texts encoded with any combination of
+these flag values will be correctly decoded when the same flags are used
+- in general, if you use different flag settings while encoding vs. when
+decoding you likely have a bug somewhere.
+
+Below comes a verbose discussion of these flags. Note that a "codeset" is
+simply an abstract set of character-codepoint pairs, while an encoding
+takes those codepoint numbers and I<encodes> them, in our case into
+octets. Unicode is (among other things) a codeset, UTF-8 is an encoding,
+and ISO-8859-1 (= latin 1) and ASCII are both codesets I<and> encodings at
+the same time, which can be confusing.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<utf8> flag disabled
+
+When C<utf8> is disabled (the default), then C<encode>/C<decode> generate
+and expect Unicode strings, that is, characters with high ordinal Unicode
+values (> 255) will be encoded as such characters, and likewise such
+characters are decoded as-is, no changes to them will be done, except
+"(re-)interpreting" them as Unicode codepoints or Unicode characters,
+respectively (to Perl, these are the same thing in strings unless you do
+funny/weird/dumb stuff).
+
+This is useful when you want to do the encoding yourself (e.g. when you
+want to have UTF-16 encoded JSON texts) or when some other layer does
+the encoding for you (for example, when printing to a terminal using a
+filehandle that transparently encodes to UTF-8 you certainly do NOT want
+to UTF-8 encode your data first and have Perl encode it another time).
+
+=item C<utf8> flag enabled
+
+If the C<utf8>-flag is enabled, C<encode>/C<decode> will encode all
+characters using the corresponding UTF-8 multi-byte sequence, and will
+expect your input strings to be encoded as UTF-8, that is, no "character"
+of the input string must have any value > 255, as UTF-8 does not allow
+that.
+
+The C<utf8> flag therefore switches between two modes: disabled means you
+will get a Unicode string in Perl, enabled means you get an UTF-8 encoded
+octet/binary string in Perl.
+
+=item C<latin1> or C<ascii> flags enabled
+
+With C<latin1> (or C<ascii>) enabled, C<encode> will escape characters
+with ordinal values > 255 (> 127 with C<ascii>) and encode the remaining
+characters as specified by the C<utf8> flag.
+
+If C<utf8> is disabled, then the result is also correctly encoded in those
+character sets (as both are proper subsets of Unicode, meaning that a
+Unicode string with all character values < 256 is the same thing as a
+ISO-8859-1 string, and a Unicode string with all character values < 128 is
+the same thing as an ASCII string in Perl).
+
+If C<utf8> is enabled, you still get a correct UTF-8-encoded string,
+regardless of these flags, just some more characters will be escaped using
+C<\uXXXX> then before.
+
+Note that ISO-8859-1-I<encoded> strings are not compatible with UTF-8
+encoding, while ASCII-encoded strings are. That is because the ISO-8859-1
+encoding is NOT a subset of UTF-8 (despite the ISO-8859-1 I<codeset> being
+a subset of Unicode), while ASCII is.
+
+Surprisingly, C<decode> will ignore these flags and so treat all input
+values as governed by the C<utf8> flag. If it is disabled, this allows you
+to decode ISO-8859-1- and ASCII-encoded strings, as both strict subsets of
+Unicode. If it is enabled, you can correctly decode UTF-8 encoded strings.
+
+So neither C<latin1> nor C<ascii> are incompatible with the C<utf8> flag -
+they only govern when the JSON output engine escapes a character or not.
+
+The main use for C<latin1> is to relatively efficiently store binary data
+as JSON, at the expense of breaking compatibility with most JSON decoders.
+
+The main use for C<ascii> is to force the output to not contain characters
+with values > 127, which means you can interpret the resulting string
+as UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ASCII, KOI8-R or most about any character set and
+8-bit-encoding, and still get the same data structure back. This is useful
+when your channel for JSON transfer is not 8-bit clean or the encoding
+might be mangled in between (e.g. in mail), and works because ASCII is a
+proper subset of most 8-bit and multibyte encodings in use in the world.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 BACKWARD INCOMPATIBILITY
+
+Since version 2.90, stringification (and string comparison) for
+C<JSON::true> and C<JSON::false> has not been overloaded. It shouldn't
+matter as long as you treat them as boolean values, but a code that
+expects they are stringified as "true" or "false" doesn't work as
+you have expected any more.
+
+ if (JSON::true eq 'true') { # now fails
+
+ print "The result is $JSON::true now."; # => The result is 1 now.
+
+And now these boolean values don't inherit JSON::Boolean, either.
+When you need to test a value is a JSON boolean value or not, use
+C<JSON::is_bool> function, instead of testing the value inherits
+a particular boolean class or not.
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Please report bugs on backend selection and additional features
+this module provides to RT or GitHub issues for this module:
+
+L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=JSON>
+
+L<https://github.com/makamaka/JSON/issues>
+
+As for bugs on a specific behavior, please report to the author
+of the backend module you are using.
+
+As for new features and requests to change common behaviors, please
+ask the author of JSON::XS (Marc Lehmann, E<lt>schmorp[at]schmorp.deE<gt>)
+first, by email (important!), to keep compatibility among JSON.pm
+backends.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+L<JSON::XS>, L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, L<JSON::PP> for backends.
+
+L<JSON::MaybeXS>, an alternative that prefers Cpanel::JSON::XS.
+
+C<RFC4627>(L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
+
+RFC7159 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt>)
+
+RFC8259 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8259.txt>)
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+JSON::XS was written by Marc Lehmann E<lt>schmorp[at]schmorp.deE<gt>
+
+The release of this new version owes to the courtesy of Marc Lehmann.
+
+=head1 CURRENT MAINTAINER
+
+Kenichi Ishigaki, E<lt>ishigaki[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2005-2013 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+Most of the documentation is taken from JSON::XS by Marc Lehmann
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/lib/JSON/backportPP.pm b/lib/JSON/backportPP.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f9b949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/JSON/backportPP.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,3150 @@
+package # This is JSON::backportPP
+ JSON::PP;
+
+# JSON-2.0
+
+use 5.005;
+use strict;
+
+use Exporter ();
+BEGIN { @JSON::backportPP::ISA = ('Exporter') }
+
+use overload ();
+use JSON::backportPP::Boolean;
+
+use Carp ();
+#use Devel::Peek;
+
+$JSON::backportPP::VERSION = '4.02';
+
+@JSON::PP::EXPORT = qw(encode_json decode_json from_json to_json);
+
+# instead of hash-access, i tried index-access for speed.
+# but this method is not faster than what i expected. so it will be changed.
+
+use constant P_ASCII => 0;
+use constant P_LATIN1 => 1;
+use constant P_UTF8 => 2;
+use constant P_INDENT => 3;
+use constant P_CANONICAL => 4;
+use constant P_SPACE_BEFORE => 5;
+use constant P_SPACE_AFTER => 6;
+use constant P_ALLOW_NONREF => 7;
+use constant P_SHRINK => 8;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BLESSED => 9;
+use constant P_CONVERT_BLESSED => 10;
+use constant P_RELAXED => 11;
+
+use constant P_LOOSE => 12;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BIGNUM => 13;
+use constant P_ALLOW_BAREKEY => 14;
+use constant P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE => 15;
+use constant P_ESCAPE_SLASH => 16;
+use constant P_AS_NONBLESSED => 17;
+
+use constant P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN => 18;
+use constant P_ALLOW_TAGS => 19;
+
+use constant OLD_PERL => $] < 5.008 ? 1 : 0;
+use constant USE_B => $ENV{PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B} || 0;
+
+BEGIN {
+ if (USE_B) {
+ require B;
+ }
+}
+
+BEGIN {
+ my @xs_compati_bit_properties = qw(
+ latin1 ascii utf8 indent canonical space_before space_after allow_nonref shrink
+ allow_blessed convert_blessed relaxed allow_unknown
+ allow_tags
+ );
+ my @pp_bit_properties = qw(
+ allow_singlequote allow_bignum loose
+ allow_barekey escape_slash as_nonblessed
+ );
+
+ # Perl version check, Unicode handling is enabled?
+ # Helper module sets @JSON::PP::_properties.
+ if ( OLD_PERL ) {
+ my $helper = $] >= 5.006 ? 'JSON::backportPP::Compat5006' : 'JSON::backportPP::Compat5005';
+ eval qq| require $helper |;
+ if ($@) { Carp::croak $@; }
+ }
+
+ for my $name (@xs_compati_bit_properties, @pp_bit_properties) {
+ my $property_id = 'P_' . uc($name);
+
+ eval qq/
+ sub $name {
+ my \$enable = defined \$_[1] ? \$_[1] : 1;
+
+ if (\$enable) {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$property_id] = 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$property_id] = 0;
+ }
+
+ \$_[0];
+ }
+
+ sub get_$name {
+ \$_[0]->{PROPS}->[$property_id] ? 1 : '';
+ }
+ /;
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+# Functions
+
+my $JSON; # cache
+
+sub encode_json ($) { # encode
+ ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->encode(@_);
+}
+
+
+sub decode_json { # decode
+ ($JSON ||= __PACKAGE__->new->utf8)->decode(@_);
+}
+
+# Obsoleted
+
+sub to_json($) {
+ Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::to_json has been renamed to encode_json.");
+}
+
+
+sub from_json($) {
+ Carp::croak ("JSON::PP::from_json has been renamed to decode_json.");
+}
+
+
+# Methods
+
+sub new {
+ my $class = shift;
+ my $self = {
+ max_depth => 512,
+ max_size => 0,
+ indent_length => 3,
+ };
+
+ $self->{PROPS}[P_ALLOW_NONREF] = 1;
+
+ bless $self, $class;
+}
+
+
+sub encode {
+ return $_[0]->PP_encode_json($_[1]);
+}
+
+
+sub decode {
+ return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000000);
+}
+
+
+sub decode_prefix {
+ return $_[0]->PP_decode_json($_[1], 0x00000001);
+}
+
+
+# accessor
+
+
+# pretty printing
+
+sub pretty {
+ my ($self, $v) = @_;
+ my $enable = defined $v ? $v : 1;
+
+ if ($enable) { # indent_length(3) for JSON::XS compatibility
+ $self->indent(1)->space_before(1)->space_after(1);
+ }
+ else {
+ $self->indent(0)->space_before(0)->space_after(0);
+ }
+
+ $self;
+}
+
+# etc
+
+sub max_depth {
+ my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0x80000000;
+ $_[0]->{max_depth} = $max;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+
+sub get_max_depth { $_[0]->{max_depth}; }
+
+
+sub max_size {
+ my $max = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 0;
+ $_[0]->{max_size} = $max;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+
+sub get_max_size { $_[0]->{max_size}; }
+
+sub boolean_values {
+ my $self = shift;
+ if (@_) {
+ my ($false, $true) = @_;
+ $self->{false} = $false;
+ $self->{true} = $true;
+ return ($false, $true);
+ } else {
+ delete $self->{false};
+ delete $self->{true};
+ return;
+ }
+}
+
+sub get_boolean_values {
+ my $self = shift;
+ if (exists $self->{true} and exists $self->{false}) {
+ return @$self{qw/false true/};
+ }
+ return;
+}
+
+sub filter_json_object {
+ if (defined $_[1] and ref $_[1] eq 'CODE') {
+ $_[0]->{cb_object} = $_[1];
+ } else {
+ delete $_[0]->{cb_object};
+ }
+ $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub filter_json_single_key_object {
+ if (@_ == 1 or @_ > 3) {
+ Carp::croak("Usage: JSON::PP::filter_json_single_key_object(self, key, callback = undef)");
+ }
+ if (defined $_[2] and ref $_[2] eq 'CODE') {
+ $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}->{$_[1]} = $_[2];
+ } else {
+ delete $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}->{$_[1]};
+ delete $_[0]->{cb_sk_object} unless %{$_[0]->{cb_sk_object} || {}};
+ }
+ $_[0]->{F_HOOK} = ($_[0]->{cb_object} or $_[0]->{cb_sk_object}) ? 1 : 0;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub indent_length {
+ if (!defined $_[1] or $_[1] > 15 or $_[1] < 0) {
+ Carp::carp "The acceptable range of indent_length() is 0 to 15.";
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0]->{indent_length} = $_[1];
+ }
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub get_indent_length {
+ $_[0]->{indent_length};
+}
+
+sub sort_by {
+ $_[0]->{sort_by} = defined $_[1] ? $_[1] : 1;
+ $_[0];
+}
+
+sub allow_bigint {
+ Carp::carp("allow_bigint() is obsoleted. use allow_bignum() instead.");
+ $_[0]->allow_bignum;
+}
+
+###############################
+
+###
+### Perl => JSON
+###
+
+
+{ # Convert
+
+ my $max_depth;
+ my $indent;
+ my $ascii;
+ my $latin1;
+ my $utf8;
+ my $space_before;
+ my $space_after;
+ my $canonical;
+ my $allow_blessed;
+ my $convert_blessed;
+
+ my $indent_length;
+ my $escape_slash;
+ my $bignum;
+ my $as_nonblessed;
+ my $allow_tags;
+
+ my $depth;
+ my $indent_count;
+ my $keysort;
+
+
+ sub PP_encode_json {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $obj = shift;
+
+ $indent_count = 0;
+ $depth = 0;
+
+ my $props = $self->{PROPS};
+
+ ($ascii, $latin1, $utf8, $indent, $canonical, $space_before, $space_after, $allow_blessed,
+ $convert_blessed, $escape_slash, $bignum, $as_nonblessed, $allow_tags)
+ = @{$props}[P_ASCII .. P_SPACE_AFTER, P_ALLOW_BLESSED, P_CONVERT_BLESSED,
+ P_ESCAPE_SLASH, P_ALLOW_BIGNUM, P_AS_NONBLESSED, P_ALLOW_TAGS];
+
+ ($max_depth, $indent_length) = @{$self}{qw/max_depth indent_length/};
+
+ $keysort = $canonical ? sub { $a cmp $b } : undef;
+
+ if ($self->{sort_by}) {
+ $keysort = ref($self->{sort_by}) eq 'CODE' ? $self->{sort_by}
+ : $self->{sort_by} =~ /\D+/ ? $self->{sort_by}
+ : sub { $a cmp $b };
+ }
+
+ encode_error("hash- or arrayref expected (not a simple scalar, use allow_nonref to allow this)")
+ if(!ref $obj and !$props->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ]);
+
+ my $str = $self->object_to_json($obj);
+
+ $str .= "\n" if ( $indent ); # JSON::XS 2.26 compatible
+
+ unless ($ascii or $latin1 or $utf8) {
+ utf8::upgrade($str);
+ }
+
+ if ($props->[ P_SHRINK ]) {
+ utf8::downgrade($str, 1);
+ }
+
+ return $str;
+ }
+
+
+ sub object_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my $type = ref($obj);
+
+ if($type eq 'HASH'){
+ return $self->hash_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ elsif($type eq 'ARRAY'){
+ return $self->array_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ elsif ($type) { # blessed object?
+ if (blessed($obj)) {
+
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj) if ( $obj->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') );
+
+ if ( $allow_tags and $obj->can('FREEZE') ) {
+ my $obj_class = ref $obj || $obj;
+ $obj = bless $obj, $obj_class;
+ my @results = $obj->FREEZE('JSON');
+ if ( @results and ref $results[0] ) {
+ if ( refaddr( $obj ) eq refaddr( $results[0] ) ) {
+ encode_error( sprintf(
+ "%s::FREEZE method returned same object as was passed instead of a new one",
+ ref $obj
+ ) );
+ }
+ }
+ return '("'.$obj_class.'")['.join(',', @results).']';
+ }
+
+ if ( $convert_blessed and $obj->can('TO_JSON') ) {
+ my $result = $obj->TO_JSON();
+ if ( defined $result and ref( $result ) ) {
+ if ( refaddr( $obj ) eq refaddr( $result ) ) {
+ encode_error( sprintf(
+ "%s::TO_JSON method returned same object as was passed instead of a new one",
+ ref $obj
+ ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $self->object_to_json( $result );
+ }
+
+ return "$obj" if ( $bignum and _is_bignum($obj) );
+
+ if ($allow_blessed) {
+ return $self->blessed_to_json($obj) if ($as_nonblessed); # will be removed.
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ encode_error( sprintf("encountered object '%s', but neither allow_blessed, convert_blessed nor allow_tags settings are enabled (or TO_JSON/FREEZE method missing)", $obj)
+ );
+ }
+ else {
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ return $self->value_to_json($obj);
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub hash_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my @res;
+
+ encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)")
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', '');
+ my $del = ($space_before ? ' ' : '') . ':' . ($space_after ? ' ' : '');
+
+ for my $k ( _sort( $obj ) ) {
+ if ( OLD_PERL ) { utf8::decode($k) } # key for Perl 5.6 / be optimized
+ push @res, $self->string_to_json( $k )
+ . $del
+ . ( ref $obj->{$k} ? $self->object_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) : $self->value_to_json( $obj->{$k} ) );
+ }
+
+ --$depth;
+ $self->_down_indent() if ($indent);
+
+ return '{}' unless @res;
+ return '{' . $pre . join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post . '}';
+ }
+
+
+ sub array_to_json {
+ my ($self, $obj) = @_;
+ my @res;
+
+ encode_error("json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)")
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ my ($pre, $post) = $indent ? $self->_up_indent() : ('', '');
+
+ for my $v (@$obj){
+ push @res, ref($v) ? $self->object_to_json($v) : $self->value_to_json($v);
+ }
+
+ --$depth;
+ $self->_down_indent() if ($indent);
+
+ return '[]' unless @res;
+ return '[' . $pre . join( ",$pre", @res ) . $post . ']';
+ }
+
+ sub _looks_like_number {
+ my $value = shift;
+ if (USE_B) {
+ my $b_obj = B::svref_2object(\$value);
+ my $flags = $b_obj->FLAGS;
+ return 1 if $flags & ( B::SVp_IOK() | B::SVp_NOK() ) and !( $flags & B::SVp_POK() );
+ return;
+ } else {
+ no warnings 'numeric';
+ # if the utf8 flag is on, it almost certainly started as a string
+ return if utf8::is_utf8($value);
+ # detect numbers
+ # string & "" -> ""
+ # number & "" -> 0 (with warning)
+ # nan and inf can detect as numbers, so check with * 0
+ return unless length((my $dummy = "") & $value);
+ return unless 0 + $value eq $value;
+ return 1 if $value * 0 == 0;
+ return -1; # inf/nan
+ }
+ }
+
+ sub value_to_json {
+ my ($self, $value) = @_;
+
+ return 'null' if(!defined $value);
+
+ my $type = ref($value);
+
+ if (!$type) {
+ if (_looks_like_number($value)) {
+ return $value;
+ }
+ return $self->string_to_json($value);
+ }
+ elsif( blessed($value) and $value->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean') ){
+ return $$value == 1 ? 'true' : 'false';
+ }
+ else {
+ if ((overload::StrVal($value) =~ /=(\w+)/)[0]) {
+ return $self->value_to_json("$value");
+ }
+
+ if ($type eq 'SCALAR' and defined $$value) {
+ return $$value eq '1' ? 'true'
+ : $$value eq '0' ? 'false'
+ : $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ? 'null'
+ : encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar");
+ }
+
+ if ( $self->{PROPS}->[ P_ALLOW_UNKNOWN ] ) {
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ else {
+ if ( $type eq 'SCALAR' or $type eq 'REF' ) {
+ encode_error("cannot encode reference to scalar");
+ }
+ else {
+ encode_error("encountered $value, but JSON can only represent references to arrays or hashes");
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ my %esc = (
+ "\n" => '\n',
+ "\r" => '\r',
+ "\t" => '\t',
+ "\f" => '\f',
+ "\b" => '\b',
+ "\"" => '\"',
+ "\\" => '\\\\',
+ "\'" => '\\\'',
+ );
+
+
+ sub string_to_json {
+ my ($self, $arg) = @_;
+
+ $arg =~ s/([\x22\x5c\n\r\t\f\b])/$esc{$1}/g;
+ $arg =~ s/\//\\\//g if ($escape_slash);
+ $arg =~ s/([\x00-\x08\x0b\x0e-\x1f])/'\\u00' . unpack('H2', $1)/eg;
+
+ if ($ascii) {
+ $arg = JSON_PP_encode_ascii($arg);
+ }
+
+ if ($latin1) {
+ $arg = JSON_PP_encode_latin1($arg);
+ }
+
+ if ($utf8) {
+ utf8::encode($arg);
+ }
+
+ return '"' . $arg . '"';
+ }
+
+
+ sub blessed_to_json {
+ my $reftype = reftype($_[1]) || '';
+ if ($reftype eq 'HASH') {
+ return $_[0]->hash_to_json($_[1]);
+ }
+ elsif ($reftype eq 'ARRAY') {
+ return $_[0]->array_to_json($_[1]);
+ }
+ else {
+ return 'null';
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub encode_error {
+ my $error = shift;
+ Carp::croak "$error";
+ }
+
+
+ sub _sort {
+ defined $keysort ? (sort $keysort (keys %{$_[0]})) : keys %{$_[0]};
+ }
+
+
+ sub _up_indent {
+ my $self = shift;
+ my $space = ' ' x $indent_length;
+
+ my ($pre,$post) = ('','');
+
+ $post = "\n" . $space x $indent_count;
+
+ $indent_count++;
+
+ $pre = "\n" . $space x $indent_count;
+
+ return ($pre,$post);
+ }
+
+
+ sub _down_indent { $indent_count--; }
+
+
+ sub PP_encode_box {
+ {
+ depth => $depth,
+ indent_count => $indent_count,
+ };
+ }
+
+} # Convert
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 127 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_));
+ } unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 255 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', _encode_surrogates($_));
+ } unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_surrogates { # from perlunicode
+ my $uni = $_[0] - 0x10000;
+ return ($uni / 0x400 + 0xD800, $uni % 0x400 + 0xDC00);
+}
+
+
+sub _is_bignum {
+ $_[0]->isa('Math::BigInt') or $_[0]->isa('Math::BigFloat');
+}
+
+
+
+#
+# JSON => Perl
+#
+
+my $max_intsize;
+
+BEGIN {
+ my $checkint = 1111;
+ for my $d (5..64) {
+ $checkint .= 1;
+ my $int = eval qq| $checkint |;
+ if ($int =~ /[eE]/) {
+ $max_intsize = $d - 1;
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+{ # PARSE
+
+ my %escapes = ( # by Jeremy Muhlich <jmuhlich [at] bitflood.org>
+ b => "\x8",
+ t => "\x9",
+ n => "\xA",
+ f => "\xC",
+ r => "\xD",
+ '\\' => '\\',
+ '"' => '"',
+ '/' => '/',
+ );
+
+ my $text; # json data
+ my $at; # offset
+ my $ch; # first character
+ my $len; # text length (changed according to UTF8 or NON UTF8)
+ # INTERNAL
+ my $depth; # nest counter
+ my $encoding; # json text encoding
+ my $is_valid_utf8; # temp variable
+ my $utf8_len; # utf8 byte length
+ # FLAGS
+ my $utf8; # must be utf8
+ my $max_depth; # max nest number of objects and arrays
+ my $max_size;
+ my $relaxed;
+ my $cb_object;
+ my $cb_sk_object;
+
+ my $F_HOOK;
+
+ my $allow_bignum; # using Math::BigInt/BigFloat
+ my $singlequote; # loosely quoting
+ my $loose; #
+ my $allow_barekey; # bareKey
+ my $allow_tags;
+
+ my $alt_true;
+ my $alt_false;
+
+ sub _detect_utf_encoding {
+ my $text = shift;
+ my @octets = unpack('C4', $text);
+ return 'unknown' unless defined $octets[3];
+ return ( $octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-8'
+ : (!$octets[0] and $octets[1]) ? 'UTF-16BE'
+ : (!$octets[0] and !$octets[1]) ? 'UTF-32BE'
+ : ( $octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-16LE'
+ : (!$octets[2] ) ? 'UTF-32LE'
+ : 'unknown';
+ }
+
+ sub PP_decode_json {
+ my ($self, $want_offset);
+
+ ($self, $text, $want_offset) = @_;
+
+ ($at, $ch, $depth) = (0, '', 0);
+
+ if ( !defined $text or ref $text ) {
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+
+ my $props = $self->{PROPS};
+
+ ($utf8, $relaxed, $loose, $allow_bignum, $allow_barekey, $singlequote, $allow_tags)
+ = @{$props}[P_UTF8, P_RELAXED, P_LOOSE .. P_ALLOW_SINGLEQUOTE, P_ALLOW_TAGS];
+
+ ($alt_true, $alt_false) = @$self{qw/true false/};
+
+ if ( $utf8 ) {
+ $encoding = _detect_utf_encoding($text);
+ if ($encoding ne 'UTF-8' and $encoding ne 'unknown') {
+ require Encode;
+ Encode::from_to($text, $encoding, 'utf-8');
+ } else {
+ utf8::downgrade( $text, 1 ) or Carp::croak("Wide character in subroutine entry");
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ utf8::upgrade( $text );
+ utf8::encode( $text );
+ }
+
+ $len = length $text;
+
+ ($max_depth, $max_size, $cb_object, $cb_sk_object, $F_HOOK)
+ = @{$self}{qw/max_depth max_size cb_object cb_sk_object F_HOOK/};
+
+ if ($max_size > 1) {
+ use bytes;
+ my $bytes = length $text;
+ decode_error(
+ sprintf("attempted decode of JSON text of %s bytes size, but max_size is set to %s"
+ , $bytes, $max_size), 1
+ ) if ($bytes > $max_size);
+ }
+
+ white(); # remove head white space
+
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom") unless defined $ch; # Is there a first character for JSON structure?
+
+ my $result = value();
+
+ if ( !$props->[ P_ALLOW_NONREF ] and !ref $result ) {
+ decode_error(
+ 'JSON text must be an object or array (but found number, string, true, false or null,'
+ . ' use allow_nonref to allow this)', 1);
+ }
+
+ Carp::croak('something wrong.') if $len < $at; # we won't arrive here.
+
+ my $consumed = defined $ch ? $at - 1 : $at; # consumed JSON text length
+
+ white(); # remove tail white space
+
+ return ( $result, $consumed ) if $want_offset; # all right if decode_prefix
+
+ decode_error("garbage after JSON object") if defined $ch;
+
+ $result;
+ }
+
+
+ sub next_chr {
+ return $ch = undef if($at >= $len);
+ $ch = substr($text, $at++, 1);
+ }
+
+
+ sub value {
+ white();
+ return if(!defined $ch);
+ return object() if($ch eq '{');
+ return array() if($ch eq '[');
+ return tag() if($ch eq '(');
+ return string() if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'"));
+ return number() if($ch =~ /[0-9]/ or $ch eq '-');
+ return word();
+ }
+
+ sub string {
+ my $utf16;
+ my $is_utf8;
+
+ ($is_valid_utf8, $utf8_len) = ('', 0);
+
+ my $s = ''; # basically UTF8 flag on
+
+ if($ch eq '"' or ($singlequote and $ch eq "'")){
+ my $boundChar = $ch;
+
+ OUTER: while( defined(next_chr()) ){
+
+ if($ch eq $boundChar){
+ next_chr();
+
+ if ($utf16) {
+ decode_error("missing low surrogate character in surrogate pair");
+ }
+
+ utf8::decode($s) if($is_utf8);
+
+ return $s;
+ }
+ elsif($ch eq '\\'){
+ next_chr();
+ if(exists $escapes{$ch}){
+ $s .= $escapes{$ch};
+ }
+ elsif($ch eq 'u'){ # UNICODE handling
+ my $u = '';
+
+ for(1..4){
+ $ch = next_chr();
+ last OUTER if($ch !~ /[0-9a-fA-F]/);
+ $u .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ # U+D800 - U+DBFF
+ if ($u =~ /^[dD][89abAB][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 high surrogate?
+ $utf16 = $u;
+ }
+ # U+DC00 - U+DFFF
+ elsif ($u =~ /^[dD][c-fC-F][0-9a-fA-F]{2}/) { # UTF-16 low surrogate?
+ unless (defined $utf16) {
+ decode_error("missing high surrogate character in surrogate pair");
+ }
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ $s .= JSON_PP_decode_surrogates($utf16, $u) || next;
+ $utf16 = undef;
+ }
+ else {
+ if (defined $utf16) {
+ decode_error("surrogate pair expected");
+ }
+
+ if ( ( my $hex = hex( $u ) ) > 127 ) {
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ $s .= JSON_PP_decode_unicode($u) || next;
+ }
+ else {
+ $s .= chr $hex;
+ }
+ }
+
+ }
+ else{
+ unless ($loose) {
+ $at -= 2;
+ decode_error('illegal backslash escape sequence in string');
+ }
+ $s .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+
+ if ( ord $ch > 127 ) {
+ unless( $ch = is_valid_utf8($ch) ) {
+ $at -= 1;
+ decode_error("malformed UTF-8 character in JSON string");
+ }
+ else {
+ $at += $utf8_len - 1;
+ }
+
+ $is_utf8 = 1;
+ }
+
+ if (!$loose) {
+ if ($ch =~ /[\x00-\x1f\x22\x5c]/) { # '/' ok
+ if (!$relaxed or $ch ne "\t") {
+ $at--;
+ decode_error('invalid character encountered while parsing JSON string');
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ $s .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ decode_error("unexpected end of string while parsing JSON string");
+ }
+
+
+ sub white {
+ while( defined $ch ){
+ if($ch eq '' or $ch =~ /\A[ \t\r\n]\z/){
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ elsif($relaxed and $ch eq '/'){
+ next_chr();
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '/'){
+ 1 while(defined(next_chr()) and $ch ne "\n" and $ch ne "\r");
+ }
+ elsif(defined $ch and $ch eq '*'){
+ next_chr();
+ while(1){
+ if(defined $ch){
+ if($ch eq '*'){
+ if(defined(next_chr()) and $ch eq '/'){
+ next_chr();
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ decode_error("Unterminated comment");
+ }
+ }
+ next;
+ }
+ else{
+ $at--;
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+ }
+ else{
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq '#') { # correctly?
+ pos($text) = $at;
+ $text =~ /\G([^\n]*(?:\r\n|\r|\n|$))/g;
+ $at = pos($text);
+ next_chr;
+ next;
+ }
+
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub array {
+ my $a = $_[0] || []; # you can use this code to use another array ref object.
+
+ decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)')
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq ']'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+ else {
+ while(defined($ch)){
+ push @$a, value();
+
+ white();
+
+ if (!defined $ch) {
+ last;
+ }
+
+ if($ch eq ']'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+
+ if($ch ne ','){
+ last;
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq ']') {
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ return $a;
+ }
+
+ }
+ }
+
+ $at-- if defined $ch and $ch ne '';
+ decode_error(", or ] expected while parsing array");
+ }
+
+ sub tag {
+ decode_error('malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom') unless $allow_tags;
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ my $tag = value();
+ return unless defined $tag;
+ decode_error('malformed JSON string, (tag) must be a string') if ref $tag;
+
+ white();
+
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch ne ')') {
+ decode_error(') expected after tag');
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ my $val = value();
+ return unless defined $val;
+ decode_error('malformed JSON string, tag value must be an array') unless ref $val eq 'ARRAY';
+
+ if (!eval { $tag->can('THAW') }) {
+ decode_error('cannot decode perl-object (package does not exist)') if $@;
+ decode_error('cannot decode perl-object (package does not have a THAW method)');
+ }
+ $tag->THAW('JSON', @$val);
+ }
+
+ sub object {
+ my $o = $_[0] || {}; # you can use this code to use another hash ref object.
+ my $k;
+
+ decode_error('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)')
+ if (++$depth > $max_depth);
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '}'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+ else {
+ while (defined $ch) {
+ $k = ($allow_barekey and $ch ne '"' and $ch ne "'") ? bareKey() : string();
+ white();
+
+ if(!defined $ch or $ch ne ':'){
+ $at--;
+ decode_error("':' expected");
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ $o->{$k} = value();
+ white();
+
+ last if (!defined $ch);
+
+ if($ch eq '}'){
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+
+ if($ch ne ','){
+ last;
+ }
+
+ next_chr();
+ white();
+
+ if ($relaxed and $ch eq '}') {
+ --$depth;
+ next_chr();
+ if ($F_HOOK) {
+ return _json_object_hook($o);
+ }
+ return $o;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ $at-- if defined $ch and $ch ne '';
+ decode_error(", or } expected while parsing object/hash");
+ }
+
+
+ sub bareKey { # doesn't strictly follow Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition
+ my $key;
+ while($ch =~ /[^\x00-\x23\x25-\x2F\x3A-\x40\x5B-\x5E\x60\x7B-\x7F]/){
+ $key .= $ch;
+ next_chr();
+ }
+ return $key;
+ }
+
+
+ sub word {
+ my $word = substr($text,$at-1,4);
+
+ if($word eq 'true'){
+ $at += 3;
+ next_chr;
+ return defined $alt_true ? $alt_true : $JSON::PP::true;
+ }
+ elsif($word eq 'null'){
+ $at += 3;
+ next_chr;
+ return undef;
+ }
+ elsif($word eq 'fals'){
+ $at += 3;
+ if(substr($text,$at,1) eq 'e'){
+ $at++;
+ next_chr;
+ return defined $alt_false ? $alt_false : $JSON::PP::false;
+ }
+ }
+
+ $at--; # for decode_error report
+
+ decode_error("'null' expected") if ($word =~ /^n/);
+ decode_error("'true' expected") if ($word =~ /^t/);
+ decode_error("'false' expected") if ($word =~ /^f/);
+ decode_error("malformed JSON string, neither array, object, number, string or atom");
+ }
+
+
+ sub number {
+ my $n = '';
+ my $v;
+ my $is_dec;
+ my $is_exp;
+
+ if($ch eq '-'){
+ $n = '-';
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after initial minus)");
+ }
+ }
+
+ # According to RFC4627, hex or oct digits are invalid.
+ if($ch eq '0'){
+ my $peek = substr($text,$at,1);
+ if($peek =~ /^[0-9a-dfA-DF]/){ # e may be valid (exponential)
+ decode_error("malformed number (leading zero must not be followed by another digit)");
+ }
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+ }
+
+ while(defined $ch and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+ }
+
+ if(defined $ch and $ch eq '.'){
+ $n .= '.';
+ $is_dec = 1;
+
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch !~ /\d/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after decimal point)");
+ }
+ else {
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if(defined $ch and ($ch eq 'e' or $ch eq 'E')){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ $is_exp = 1;
+ next_chr;
+
+ if(defined($ch) and ($ch eq '+' or $ch eq '-')){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ next_chr;
+ if (!defined $ch or $ch =~ /\D/) {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)");
+ }
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ elsif(defined($ch) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+ else {
+ decode_error("malformed number (no digits after exp sign)");
+ }
+
+ while(defined(next_chr) and $ch =~ /\d/){
+ $n .= $ch;
+ }
+
+ }
+
+ $v .= $n;
+
+ if ($is_dec or $is_exp) {
+ if ($allow_bignum) {
+ require Math::BigFloat;
+ return Math::BigFloat->new($v);
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (length $v > $max_intsize) {
+ if ($allow_bignum) { # from Adam Sussman
+ require Math::BigInt;
+ return Math::BigInt->new($v);
+ }
+ else {
+ return "$v";
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $is_dec ? $v/1.0 : 0+$v;
+ }
+
+
+ sub is_valid_utf8 {
+
+ $utf8_len = $_[0] =~ /[\x00-\x7F]/ ? 1
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xC2-\xDF]/ ? 2
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xE0-\xEF]/ ? 3
+ : $_[0] =~ /[\xF0-\xF4]/ ? 4
+ : 0
+ ;
+
+ return unless $utf8_len;
+
+ my $is_valid_utf8 = substr($text, $at - 1, $utf8_len);
+
+ return ( $is_valid_utf8 =~ /^(?:
+ [\x00-\x7F]
+ |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ )$/x ) ? $is_valid_utf8 : '';
+ }
+
+
+ sub decode_error {
+ my $error = shift;
+ my $no_rep = shift;
+ my $str = defined $text ? substr($text, $at) : '';
+ my $mess = '';
+ my $type = 'U*';
+
+ if ( OLD_PERL ) {
+ my $type = $] < 5.006 ? 'C*'
+ : utf8::is_utf8( $str ) ? 'U*' # 5.6
+ : 'C*'
+ ;
+ }
+
+ for my $c ( unpack( $type, $str ) ) { # emulate pv_uni_display() ?
+ $mess .= $c == 0x07 ? '\a'
+ : $c == 0x09 ? '\t'
+ : $c == 0x0a ? '\n'
+ : $c == 0x0d ? '\r'
+ : $c == 0x0c ? '\f'
+ : $c < 0x20 ? sprintf('\x{%x}', $c)
+ : $c == 0x5c ? '\\\\'
+ : $c < 0x80 ? chr($c)
+ : sprintf('\x{%x}', $c)
+ ;
+ if ( length $mess >= 20 ) {
+ $mess .= '...';
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+
+ unless ( length $mess ) {
+ $mess = '(end of string)';
+ }
+
+ Carp::croak (
+ $no_rep ? "$error" : "$error, at character offset $at (before \"$mess\")"
+ );
+
+ }
+
+
+ sub _json_object_hook {
+ my $o = $_[0];
+ my @ks = keys %{$o};
+
+ if ( $cb_sk_object and @ks == 1 and exists $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } and ref $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] } ) {
+ my @val = $cb_sk_object->{ $ks[0] }->( $o->{$ks[0]} );
+ if (@val == 0) {
+ return $o;
+ }
+ elsif (@val == 1) {
+ return $val[0];
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("filter_json_single_key_object callbacks must not return more than one scalar");
+ }
+ }
+
+ my @val = $cb_object->($o) if ($cb_object);
+ if (@val == 0) {
+ return $o;
+ }
+ elsif (@val == 1) {
+ return $val[0];
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("filter_json_object callbacks must not return more than one scalar");
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub PP_decode_box {
+ {
+ text => $text,
+ at => $at,
+ ch => $ch,
+ len => $len,
+ depth => $depth,
+ encoding => $encoding,
+ is_valid_utf8 => $is_valid_utf8,
+ };
+ }
+
+} # PARSE
+
+
+sub _decode_surrogates { # from perlunicode
+ my $uni = 0x10000 + (hex($_[0]) - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (hex($_[1]) - 0xDC00);
+ my $un = pack('U*', $uni);
+ utf8::encode( $un );
+ return $un;
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_unicode {
+ my $un = pack('U', hex shift);
+ utf8::encode( $un );
+ return $un;
+}
+
+#
+# Setup for various Perl versions (the code from JSON::PP58)
+#
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ unless ( defined &utf8::is_utf8 ) {
+ require Encode;
+ *utf8::is_utf8 = *Encode::is_utf8;
+ }
+
+ if ( !OLD_PERL ) {
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&_decode_unicode;
+
+ if ($] < 5.008003) { # join() in 5.8.0 - 5.8.2 is broken.
+ package # hide from PAUSE
+ JSON::PP;
+ require subs;
+ subs->import('join');
+ eval q|
+ sub join {
+ return '' if (@_ < 2);
+ my $j = shift;
+ my $str = shift;
+ for (@_) { $str .= $j . $_; }
+ return $str;
+ }
+ |;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub JSON::PP::incr_parse {
+ local $Carp::CarpLevel = 1;
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_parse( @_ );
+ }
+
+
+ sub JSON::PP::incr_skip {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_skip;
+ }
+
+
+ sub JSON::PP::incr_reset {
+ ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new )->incr_reset;
+ }
+
+ eval q{
+ sub JSON::PP::incr_text : lvalue {
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new;
+
+ if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_pos} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text cannot be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text};
+ }
+ } if ( $] >= 5.006 );
+
+} # Setup for various Perl versions (the code from JSON::PP58)
+
+
+###############################
+# Utilities
+#
+
+BEGIN {
+ eval 'require Scalar::Util';
+ unless($@){
+ *JSON::PP::blessed = \&Scalar::Util::blessed;
+ *JSON::PP::reftype = \&Scalar::Util::reftype;
+ *JSON::PP::refaddr = \&Scalar::Util::refaddr;
+ }
+ else{ # This code is from Scalar::Util.
+ # warn $@;
+ eval 'sub UNIVERSAL::a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here { ref($_[0]) }';
+ *JSON::PP::blessed = sub {
+ local($@, $SIG{__DIE__}, $SIG{__WARN__});
+ ref($_[0]) ? eval { $_[0]->a_sub_not_likely_to_be_here } : undef;
+ };
+ require B;
+ my %tmap = qw(
+ B::NULL SCALAR
+ B::HV HASH
+ B::AV ARRAY
+ B::CV CODE
+ B::IO IO
+ B::GV GLOB
+ B::REGEXP REGEXP
+ );
+ *JSON::PP::reftype = sub {
+ my $r = shift;
+
+ return undef unless length(ref($r));
+
+ my $t = ref(B::svref_2object($r));
+
+ return
+ exists $tmap{$t} ? $tmap{$t}
+ : length(ref($$r)) ? 'REF'
+ : 'SCALAR';
+ };
+ *JSON::PP::refaddr = sub {
+ return undef unless length(ref($_[0]));
+
+ my $addr;
+ if(defined(my $pkg = blessed($_[0]))) {
+ $addr .= bless $_[0], 'Scalar::Util::Fake';
+ bless $_[0], $pkg;
+ }
+ else {
+ $addr .= $_[0]
+ }
+
+ $addr =~ /0x(\w+)/;
+ local $^W;
+ #no warnings 'portable';
+ hex($1);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+# shamelessly copied and modified from JSON::XS code.
+
+$JSON::PP::true = do { bless \(my $dummy = 1), "JSON::PP::Boolean" };
+$JSON::PP::false = do { bless \(my $dummy = 0), "JSON::PP::Boolean" };
+
+sub is_bool { blessed $_[0] and ( $_[0]->isa("JSON::PP::Boolean") or $_[0]->isa("Types::Serialiser::BooleanBase") or $_[0]->isa("JSON::XS::Boolean") ); }
+
+sub true { $JSON::PP::true }
+sub false { $JSON::PP::false }
+sub null { undef; }
+
+###############################
+
+package # hide from PAUSE
+ JSON::PP::IncrParser;
+
+use strict;
+
+use constant INCR_M_WS => 0; # initial whitespace skipping
+use constant INCR_M_STR => 1; # inside string
+use constant INCR_M_BS => 2; # inside backslash
+use constant INCR_M_JSON => 3; # outside anything, count nesting
+use constant INCR_M_C0 => 4;
+use constant INCR_M_C1 => 5;
+use constant INCR_M_TFN => 6;
+use constant INCR_M_NUM => 7;
+
+$JSON::backportPP::IncrParser::VERSION = '1.01';
+
+sub new {
+ my ( $class ) = @_;
+
+ bless {
+ incr_nest => 0,
+ incr_text => undef,
+ incr_pos => 0,
+ incr_mode => 0,
+ }, $class;
+}
+
+
+sub incr_parse {
+ my ( $self, $coder, $text ) = @_;
+
+ $self->{incr_text} = '' unless ( defined $self->{incr_text} );
+
+ if ( defined $text ) {
+ if ( utf8::is_utf8( $text ) and !utf8::is_utf8( $self->{incr_text} ) ) {
+ utf8::upgrade( $self->{incr_text} ) ;
+ utf8::decode( $self->{incr_text} ) ;
+ }
+ $self->{incr_text} .= $text;
+ }
+
+ if ( defined wantarray ) {
+ my $max_size = $coder->get_max_size;
+ my $p = $self->{incr_pos};
+ my @ret;
+ {
+ do {
+ unless ( $self->{incr_nest} <= 0 and $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) {
+ $self->_incr_parse( $coder );
+
+ if ( $max_size and $self->{incr_pos} > $max_size ) {
+ Carp::croak("attempted decode of JSON text of $self->{incr_pos} bytes size, but max_size is set to $max_size");
+ }
+ unless ( $self->{incr_nest} <= 0 and $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_JSON ) {
+ # as an optimisation, do not accumulate white space in the incr buffer
+ if ( $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_WS and $self->{incr_pos} ) {
+ $self->{incr_pos} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_text} = '';
+ }
+ last;
+ }
+ }
+
+ my ($obj, $offset) = $coder->PP_decode_json( $self->{incr_text}, 0x00000001 );
+ push @ret, $obj;
+ use bytes;
+ $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $offset || 0 );
+ $self->{incr_pos} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_nest} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = 0;
+ last unless wantarray;
+ } while ( wantarray );
+ }
+
+ if ( wantarray ) {
+ return @ret;
+ }
+ else { # in scalar context
+ return defined $ret[0] ? $ret[0] : undef;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub _incr_parse {
+ my ($self, $coder) = @_;
+ my $text = $self->{incr_text};
+ my $len = length $text;
+ my $p = $self->{incr_pos};
+
+INCR_PARSE:
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ my $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 );
+ last INCR_PARSE unless defined $s;
+ my $mode = $self->{incr_mode};
+
+ if ( $mode == INCR_M_WS ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 );
+ last INCR_PARSE unless defined $s;
+ if ( ord($s) > 0x20 ) {
+ if ( $s eq '#' ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_C0;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } else {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ }
+ $p++;
+ }
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_BS ) {
+ $p++;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_STR;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_C0 or $mode == INCR_M_C1 ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 );
+ last INCR_PARSE unless defined $s;
+ if ( $s eq "\n" ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = $self->{incr_mode} == INCR_M_C0 ? INCR_M_WS : INCR_M_JSON;
+ last;
+ }
+ $p++;
+ }
+ next;
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_TFN ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p++, 1 );
+ next if defined $s and $s =~ /[rueals]/;
+ last;
+ }
+ $p--;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+
+ last INCR_PARSE unless $self->{incr_nest};
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_NUM ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p++, 1 );
+ next if defined $s and $s =~ /[0-9eE.+\-]/;
+ last;
+ }
+ $p--;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+
+ last INCR_PARSE unless $self->{incr_nest};
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_STR ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p, 1 );
+ last INCR_PARSE unless defined $s;
+ if ( $s eq '"' ) {
+ $p++;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_JSON;
+
+ last INCR_PARSE unless $self->{incr_nest};
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ elsif ( $s eq '\\' ) {
+ $p++;
+ if ( !defined substr($text, $p, 1) ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_BS;
+ last INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ }
+ $p++;
+ }
+ } elsif ( $mode == INCR_M_JSON ) {
+ while ( $len > $p ) {
+ $s = substr( $text, $p++, 1 );
+ if ( $s eq "\x00" ) {
+ $p--;
+ last INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $s eq "\x09" or $s eq "\x0a" or $s eq "\x0d" or $s eq "\x20" ) {
+ if ( !$self->{incr_nest} ) {
+ $p--; # do not eat the whitespace, let the next round do it
+ last INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ next;
+ } elsif ( $s eq 't' or $s eq 'f' or $s eq 'n' ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_TFN;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $s =~ /^[0-9\-]$/ ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_NUM;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $s eq '"' ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_STR;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ } elsif ( $s eq '[' or $s eq '{' ) {
+ if ( ++$self->{incr_nest} > $coder->get_max_depth ) {
+ Carp::croak('json text or perl structure exceeds maximum nesting level (max_depth set too low?)');
+ }
+ next;
+ } elsif ( $s eq ']' or $s eq '}' ) {
+ if ( --$self->{incr_nest} <= 0 ) {
+ last INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ } elsif ( $s eq '#' ) {
+ $self->{incr_mode} = INCR_M_C1;
+ redo INCR_PARSE;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ $self->{incr_pos} = $p;
+ $self->{incr_parsing} = $p ? 1 : 0; # for backward compatibility
+}
+
+
+sub incr_text {
+ if ( $_[0]->{incr_pos} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text cannot be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+ $_[0]->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+sub incr_skip {
+ my $self = shift;
+ $self->{incr_text} = substr( $self->{incr_text}, $self->{incr_pos} );
+ $self->{incr_pos} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_nest} = 0;
+}
+
+
+sub incr_reset {
+ my $self = shift;
+ $self->{incr_text} = undef;
+ $self->{incr_pos} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_mode} = 0;
+ $self->{incr_nest} = 0;
+}
+
+###############################
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP - JSON::XS compatible pure-Perl module.
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ use JSON::PP;
+
+ # exported functions, they croak on error
+ # and expect/generate UTF-8
+
+ $utf8_encoded_json_text = encode_json $perl_hash_or_arrayref;
+ $perl_hash_or_arrayref = decode_json $utf8_encoded_json_text;
+
+ # OO-interface
+
+ $json = JSON::PP->new->ascii->pretty->allow_nonref;
+
+ $pretty_printed_json_text = $json->encode( $perl_scalar );
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode( $json_text );
+
+ # Note that JSON version 2.0 and above will automatically use
+ # JSON::XS or JSON::PP, so you should be able to just:
+
+ use JSON;
+
+
+=head1 VERSION
+
+ 4.02
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP is a pure perl JSON decoder/encoder, and (almost) compatible to much
+faster L<JSON::XS> written by Marc Lehmann in C. JSON::PP works as
+a fallback module when you use L<JSON> module without having
+installed JSON::XS.
+
+Because of this fallback feature of JSON.pm, JSON::PP tries not to
+be more JavaScript-friendly than JSON::XS (i.e. not to escape extra
+characters such as U+2028 and U+2029, etc),
+in order for you not to lose such JavaScript-friendliness silently
+when you use JSON.pm and install JSON::XS for speed or by accident.
+If you need JavaScript-friendly RFC7159-compliant pure perl module,
+try L<JSON::Tiny>, which is derived from L<Mojolicious> web
+framework and is also smaller and faster than JSON::PP.
+
+JSON::PP has been in the Perl core since Perl 5.14, mainly for
+CPAN toolchain modules to parse META.json.
+
+=head1 FUNCTIONAL INTERFACE
+
+This section is taken from JSON::XS almost verbatim. C<encode_json>
+and C<decode_json> are exported by default.
+
+=head2 encode_json
+
+ $json_text = encode_json $perl_scalar
+
+Converts the given Perl data structure to a UTF-8 encoded, binary string
+(that is, the string contains octets only). Croaks on error.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $json_text = JSON::PP->new->utf8->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Except being faster.
+
+=head2 decode_json
+
+ $perl_scalar = decode_json $json_text
+
+The opposite of C<encode_json>: expects an UTF-8 (binary) string and tries
+to parse that as an UTF-8 encoded JSON text, returning the resulting
+reference. Croaks on error.
+
+This function call is functionally identical to:
+
+ $perl_scalar = JSON::PP->new->utf8->decode($json_text)
+
+Except being faster.
+
+=head2 JSON::PP::is_bool
+
+ $is_boolean = JSON::PP::is_bool($scalar)
+
+Returns true if the passed scalar represents either JSON::PP::true or
+JSON::PP::false, two constants that act like C<1> and C<0> respectively
+and are also used to represent JSON C<true> and C<false> in Perl strings.
+
+See L<MAPPING>, below, for more information on how JSON values are mapped to
+Perl.
+
+=head1 OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
+
+This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+The object oriented interface lets you configure your own encoding or
+decoding style, within the limits of supported formats.
+
+=head2 new
+
+ $json = JSON::PP->new
+
+Creates a new JSON::PP object that can be used to de/encode JSON
+strings. All boolean flags described below are by default I<disabled>
+(with the exception of C<allow_nonref>, which defaults to I<enabled> since
+version C<4.0>).
+
+The mutators for flags all return the JSON::PP object again and thus calls can
+be chained:
+
+ my $json = JSON::PP->new->utf8->space_after->encode({a => [1,2]})
+ => {"a": [1, 2]}
+
+=head2 ascii
+
+ $json = $json->ascii([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_ascii
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not
+generate characters outside the code range C<0..127> (which is ASCII). Any
+Unicode characters outside that range will be escaped using either a
+single \uXXXX (BMP characters) or a double \uHHHH\uLLLLL escape sequence,
+as per RFC4627. The resulting encoded JSON text can be treated as a native
+Unicode string, an ascii-encoded, latin1-encoded or UTF-8 encoded string,
+or any other superset of ASCII.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode
+characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags. This results
+in a faster and more compact format.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+The main use for this flag is to produce JSON texts that can be
+transmitted over a 7-bit channel, as the encoded JSON texts will not
+contain any 8 bit characters.
+
+ JSON::PP->new->ascii(1)->encode([chr 0x10401])
+ => ["\ud801\udc01"]
+
+=head2 latin1
+
+ $json = $json->latin1([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_latin1
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode
+the resulting JSON text as latin1 (or iso-8859-1), escaping any characters
+outside the code range C<0..255>. The resulting string can be treated as a
+latin1-encoded JSON text or a native Unicode string. The C<decode> method
+will not be affected in any way by this flag, as C<decode> by default
+expects Unicode, which is a strict superset of latin1.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not escape Unicode
+characters unless required by the JSON syntax or other flags.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+The main use for this flag is efficiently encoding binary data as JSON
+text, as most octets will not be escaped, resulting in a smaller encoded
+size. The disadvantage is that the resulting JSON text is encoded
+in latin1 (and must correctly be treated as such when storing and
+transferring), a rare encoding for JSON. It is therefore most useful when
+you want to store data structures known to contain binary data efficiently
+in files or databases, not when talking to other JSON encoders/decoders.
+
+ JSON::PP->new->latin1->encode (["\x{89}\x{abc}"]
+ => ["\x{89}\\u0abc"] # (perl syntax, U+abc escaped, U+89 not)
+
+=head2 utf8
+
+ $json = $json->utf8([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_utf8
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will encode
+the JSON result into UTF-8, as required by many protocols, while the
+C<decode> method expects to be handled an UTF-8-encoded string. Please
+note that UTF-8-encoded strings do not contain any characters outside the
+range C<0..255>, they are thus useful for bytewise/binary I/O. In future
+versions, enabling this option might enable autodetection of the UTF-16
+and UTF-32 encoding families, as described in RFC4627.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will return the JSON
+string as a (non-encoded) Unicode string, while C<decode> expects thus a
+Unicode string. Any decoding or encoding (e.g. to UTF-8 or UTF-16) needs
+to be done yourself, e.g. using the Encode module.
+
+See also the section I<ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES> later in this document.
+
+Example, output UTF-16BE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $jsontext = encode "UTF-16BE", JSON::PP->new->encode ($object);
+
+Example, decode UTF-32LE-encoded JSON:
+
+ use Encode;
+ $object = JSON::PP->new->decode (decode "UTF-32LE", $jsontext);
+
+=head2 pretty
+
+ $json = $json->pretty([$enable])
+
+This enables (or disables) all of the C<indent>, C<space_before> and
+C<space_after> (and in the future possibly more) flags in one call to
+generate the most readable (or most compact) form possible.
+
+=head2 indent
+
+ $json = $json->indent([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_indent
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will use a multiline
+format as output, putting every array member or object/hash key-value pair
+into its own line, indenting them properly.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, no newlines or indenting will be produced, and the
+resulting JSON text is guaranteed not to contain any C<newlines>.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+The default indent space length is three.
+You can use C<indent_length> to change the length.
+
+=head2 space_before
+
+ $json = $json->space_before([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_before
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space before the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts. You will also
+most likely combine this setting with C<space_after>.
+
+Example, space_before enabled, space_after and indent disabled:
+
+ {"key" :"value"}
+
+=head2 space_after
+
+ $json = $json->space_after([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_space_after
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will add an extra
+optional space after the C<:> separating keys from values in JSON objects
+and extra whitespace after the C<,> separating key-value pairs and array
+members.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will not add any extra
+space at those places.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+Example, space_before and indent disabled, space_after enabled:
+
+ {"key": "value"}
+
+=head2 relaxed
+
+ $json = $json->relaxed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_relaxed
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept some
+extensions to normal JSON syntax (see below). C<encode> will not be
+affected in anyway. I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid
+JSON texts as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration files,
+resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+Currently accepted extensions are:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item * list items can have an end-comma
+
+JSON I<separates> array elements and key-value pairs with commas. This
+can be annoying if you write JSON texts manually and want to be able to
+quickly append elements, so this extension accepts comma at the end of
+such items not just between them:
+
+ [
+ 1,
+ 2, <- this comma not normally allowed
+ ]
+ {
+ "k1": "v1",
+ "k2": "v2", <- this comma not normally allowed
+ }
+
+=item * shell-style '#'-comments
+
+Whenever JSON allows whitespace, shell-style comments are additionally
+allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-return or line-feed
+character, after which more white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, # this comment not allowed in JSON
+ # neither this one...
+ ]
+
+=item * C-style multiple-line '/* */'-comments (JSON::PP only)
+
+Whenever JSON allows whitespace, C-style multiple-line comments are additionally
+allowed. Everything between C</*> and C<*/> is a comment, after which
+more white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, /* this comment not allowed in JSON */
+ /* neither this one... */
+ ]
+
+=item * C++-style one-line '//'-comments (JSON::PP only)
+
+Whenever JSON allows whitespace, C++-style one-line comments are additionally
+allowed. They are terminated by the first carriage-return or line-feed
+character, after which more white-space and comments are allowed.
+
+ [
+ 1, // this comment not allowed in JSON
+ // neither this one...
+ ]
+
+=item * literal ASCII TAB characters in strings
+
+Literal ASCII TAB characters are now allowed in strings (and treated as
+C<\t>).
+
+ [
+ "Hello\tWorld",
+ "Hello<TAB>World", # literal <TAB> would not normally be allowed
+ ]
+
+=back
+
+=head2 canonical
+
+ $json = $json->canonical([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_canonical
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will output JSON objects
+by sorting their keys. This is adding a comparatively high overhead.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will output key-value
+pairs in the order Perl stores them (which will likely change between runs
+of the same script, and can change even within the same run from 5.18
+onwards).
+
+This option is useful if you want the same data structure to be encoded as
+the same JSON text (given the same overall settings). If it is disabled,
+the same hash might be encoded differently even if contains the same data,
+as key-value pairs have no inherent ordering in Perl.
+
+This setting has no effect when decoding JSON texts.
+
+This setting has currently no effect on tied hashes.
+
+=head2 allow_nonref
+
+ $json = $json->allow_nonref([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_nonref
+
+Unlike other boolean options, this opotion is enabled by default beginning
+with version C<4.0>.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method can convert a
+non-reference into its corresponding string, number or null JSON value,
+which is an extension to RFC4627. Likewise, C<decode> will accept those JSON
+values instead of croaking.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then the C<encode> method will croak if it isn't
+passed an arrayref or hashref, as JSON texts must either be an object
+or array. Likewise, C<decode> will croak if given something that is not a
+JSON object or array.
+
+Example, encode a Perl scalar as JSON value without enabled C<allow_nonref>,
+resulting in an error:
+
+ JSON::PP->new->allow_nonref(0)->encode ("Hello, World!")
+ => hash- or arrayref expected...
+
+=head2 allow_unknown
+
+ $json = $json->allow_unknown([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_unknown
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will I<not> throw an
+exception when it encounters values it cannot represent in JSON (for
+example, filehandles) but instead will encode a JSON C<null> value. Note
+that blessed objects are not included here and are handled separately by
+c<allow_blessed>.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
+exception when it encounters anything it cannot encode as JSON.
+
+This option does not affect C<decode> in any way, and it is recommended to
+leave it off unless you know your communications partner.
+
+=head2 allow_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->allow_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_blessed
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then the C<encode> method will not
+barf when it encounters a blessed reference that it cannot convert
+otherwise. Instead, a JSON C<null> value is encoded instead of the object.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will throw an
+exception when it encounters a blessed object that it cannot convert
+otherwise.
+
+This setting has no effect on C<decode>.
+
+=head2 convert_blessed
+
+ $json = $json->convert_blessed([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_convert_blessed
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a
+blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<TO_JSON> method
+on the object's class. If found, it will be called in scalar context and
+the resulting scalar will be encoded instead of the object.
+
+The C<TO_JSON> method may safely call die if it wants. If C<TO_JSON>
+returns other blessed objects, those will be handled in the same
+way. C<TO_JSON> must take care of not causing an endless recursion cycle
+(== crash) in this case. The name of C<TO_JSON> was chosen because other
+methods called by the Perl core (== not by the user of the object) are
+usually in upper case letters and to avoid collisions with any C<to_json>
+function or method.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will not consider
+this type of conversion.
+
+This setting has no effect on C<decode>.
+
+=head2 allow_tags
+
+ $json = $json->allow_tags([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_tags
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION> for details.
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode>, upon encountering a
+blessed object, will check for the availability of the C<FREEZE> method on
+the object's class. If found, it will be used to serialise the object into
+a nonstandard tagged JSON value (that JSON decoders cannot decode).
+
+It also causes C<decode> to parse such tagged JSON values and deserialise
+them via a call to the C<THAW> method.
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<encode> will not consider
+this type of conversion, and tagged JSON values will cause a parse error
+in C<decode>, as if tags were not part of the grammar.
+
+=head2 boolean_values
+
+ $json->boolean_values([$false, $true])
+
+ ($false, $true) = $json->get_boolean_values
+
+By default, JSON booleans will be decoded as overloaded
+C<$JSON::PP::false> and C<$JSON::PP::true> objects.
+
+With this method you can specify your own boolean values for decoding -
+on decode, JSON C<false> will be decoded as a copy of C<$false>, and JSON
+C<true> will be decoded as C<$true> ("copy" here is the same thing as
+assigning a value to another variable, i.e. C<$copy = $false>).
+
+This is useful when you want to pass a decoded data structure directly
+to other serialisers like YAML, Data::MessagePack and so on.
+
+Note that this works only when you C<decode>. You can set incompatible
+boolean objects (like L<boolean>), but when you C<encode> a data structure
+with such boolean objects, you still need to enable C<convert_blessed>
+(and add a C<TO_JSON> method if necessary).
+
+Calling this method without any arguments will reset the booleans
+to their default values.
+
+C<get_boolean_values> will return both C<$false> and C<$true> values, or
+the empty list when they are set to the default.
+
+=head2 filter_json_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_object([$coderef])
+
+When C<$coderef> is specified, it will be called from C<decode> each
+time it decodes a JSON object. The only argument is a reference to
+the newly-created hash. If the code references returns a single scalar
+(which need not be a reference), this value (or rather a copy of it) is
+inserted into the deserialised data structure. If it returns an empty
+list (NOTE: I<not> C<undef>, which is a valid scalar), the original
+deserialised hash will be inserted. This setting can slow down decoding
+considerably.
+
+When C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, any existing callback will
+be removed and C<decode> will not change the deserialised hash in any
+way.
+
+Example, convert all JSON objects into the integer 5:
+
+ my $js = JSON::PP->new->filter_json_object(sub { 5 });
+ # returns [5]
+ $js->decode('[{}]');
+ # returns 5
+ $js->decode('{"a":1, "b":2}');
+
+=head2 filter_json_single_key_object
+
+ $json = $json->filter_json_single_key_object($key [=> $coderef])
+
+Works remotely similar to C<filter_json_object>, but is only called for
+JSON objects having a single key named C<$key>.
+
+This C<$coderef> is called before the one specified via
+C<filter_json_object>, if any. It gets passed the single value in the JSON
+object. If it returns a single value, it will be inserted into the data
+structure. If it returns nothing (not even C<undef> but the empty list),
+the callback from C<filter_json_object> will be called next, as if no
+single-key callback were specified.
+
+If C<$coderef> is omitted or undefined, the corresponding callback will be
+disabled. There can only ever be one callback for a given key.
+
+As this callback gets called less often then the C<filter_json_object>
+one, decoding speed will not usually suffer as much. Therefore, single-key
+objects make excellent targets to serialise Perl objects into, especially
+as single-key JSON objects are as close to the type-tagged value concept
+as JSON gets (it's basically an ID/VALUE tuple). Of course, JSON does not
+support this in any way, so you need to make sure your data never looks
+like a serialised Perl hash.
+
+Typical names for the single object key are C<__class_whatever__>, or
+C<$__dollars_are_rarely_used__$> or C<}ugly_brace_placement>, or even
+things like C<__class_md5sum(classname)__>, to reduce the risk of clashing
+with real hashes.
+
+Example, decode JSON objects of the form C<< { "__widget__" => <id> } >>
+into the corresponding C<< $WIDGET{<id>} >> object:
+
+ # return whatever is in $WIDGET{5}:
+ JSON::PP
+ ->new
+ ->filter_json_single_key_object (__widget__ => sub {
+ $WIDGET{ $_[0] }
+ })
+ ->decode ('{"__widget__": 5')
+
+ # this can be used with a TO_JSON method in some "widget" class
+ # for serialisation to json:
+ sub WidgetBase::TO_JSON {
+ my ($self) = @_;
+
+ unless ($self->{id}) {
+ $self->{id} = ..get..some..id..;
+ $WIDGET{$self->{id}} = $self;
+ }
+
+ { __widget__ => $self->{id} }
+ }
+
+=head2 shrink
+
+ $json = $json->shrink([$enable])
+
+ $enabled = $json->get_shrink
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), the string returned by C<encode> will
+be shrunk (i.e. downgraded if possible).
+
+The actual definition of what shrink does might change in future versions,
+but it will always try to save space at the expense of time.
+
+If C<$enable> is false, then JSON::PP does nothing.
+
+=head2 max_depth
+
+ $json = $json->max_depth([$maximum_nesting_depth])
+
+ $max_depth = $json->get_max_depth
+
+Sets the maximum nesting level (default C<512>) accepted while encoding
+or decoding. If a higher nesting level is detected in JSON text or a Perl
+data structure, then the encoder and decoder will stop and croak at that
+point.
+
+Nesting level is defined by number of hash- or arrayrefs that the encoder
+needs to traverse to reach a given point or the number of C<{> or C<[>
+characters without their matching closing parenthesis crossed to reach a
+given character in a string.
+
+Setting the maximum depth to one disallows any nesting, so that ensures
+that the object is only a single hash/object or array.
+
+If no argument is given, the highest possible setting will be used, which
+is rarely useful.
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 max_size
+
+ $json = $json->max_size([$maximum_string_size])
+
+ $max_size = $json->get_max_size
+
+Set the maximum length a JSON text may have (in bytes) where decoding is
+being attempted. The default is C<0>, meaning no limit. When C<decode>
+is called on a string that is longer then this many bytes, it will not
+attempt to decode the string but throw an exception. This setting has no
+effect on C<encode> (yet).
+
+If no argument is given, the limit check will be deactivated (same as when
+C<0> is specified).
+
+See L<JSON::XS/SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS> for more info on why this is useful.
+
+=head2 encode
+
+ $json_text = $json->encode($perl_scalar)
+
+Converts the given Perl value or data structure to its JSON
+representation. Croaks on error.
+
+=head2 decode
+
+ $perl_scalar = $json->decode($json_text)
+
+The opposite of C<encode>: expects a JSON text and tries to parse it,
+returning the resulting simple scalar or reference. Croaks on error.
+
+=head2 decode_prefix
+
+ ($perl_scalar, $characters) = $json->decode_prefix($json_text)
+
+This works like the C<decode> method, but instead of raising an exception
+when there is trailing garbage after the first JSON object, it will
+silently stop parsing there and return the number of characters consumed
+so far.
+
+This is useful if your JSON texts are not delimited by an outer protocol
+and you need to know where the JSON text ends.
+
+ JSON::PP->new->decode_prefix ("[1] the tail")
+ => ([1], 3)
+
+=head1 FLAGS FOR JSON::PP ONLY
+
+The following flags and properties are for JSON::PP only. If you use
+any of these, you can't make your application run faster by replacing
+JSON::PP with JSON::XS. If you need these and also speed boost,
+you might want to try L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, a fork of JSON::XS by
+Reini Urban, which supports some of these (with a different set of
+incompatibilities). Most of these historical flags are only kept
+for backward compatibility, and should not be used in a new application.
+
+=head2 allow_singlequote
+
+ $json = $json->allow_singlequote([$enable])
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_singlequote
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+invalid JSON texts that contain strings that begin and end with
+single quotation marks. C<encode> will not be affected in any way.
+I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid JSON texts
+as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration
+files, resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{"foo":'bar'}|);
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{'foo':"bar"}|);
+ $json->allow_singlequote->decode(qq|{'foo':'bar'}|);
+
+=head2 allow_barekey
+
+ $json = $json->allow_barekey([$enable])
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_barekey
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+invalid JSON texts that contain JSON objects whose names don't
+begin and end with quotation marks. C<encode> will not be affected
+in any way. I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid JSON
+texts as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration
+files, resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+ $json->allow_barekey->decode(qq|{foo:"bar"}|);
+
+=head2 allow_bignum
+
+ $json = $json->allow_bignum([$enable])
+ $enabled = $json->get_allow_bignum
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will convert
+big integers Perl cannot handle as integer into L<Math::BigInt>
+objects and convert floating numbers into L<Math::BigFloat>
+objects. C<encode> will convert C<Math::BigInt> and C<Math::BigFloat>
+objects into JSON numbers.
+
+ $json->allow_nonref->allow_bignum;
+ $bigfloat = $json->decode('2.000000000000000000000000001');
+ print $json->encode($bigfloat);
+ # => 2.000000000000000000000000001
+
+See also L<MAPPING>.
+
+=head2 loose
+
+ $json = $json->loose([$enable])
+ $enabled = $json->get_loose
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<decode> will accept
+invalid JSON texts that contain unescaped [\x00-\x1f\x22\x5c]
+characters. C<encode> will not be affected in any way.
+I<Be aware that this option makes you accept invalid JSON texts
+as if they were valid!>. I suggest only to use this option to
+parse application-specific files written by humans (configuration
+files, resource files etc.)
+
+If C<$enable> is false (the default), then C<decode> will only accept
+valid JSON texts.
+
+ $json->loose->decode(qq|["abc
+ def"]|);
+
+=head2 escape_slash
+
+ $json = $json->escape_slash([$enable])
+ $enabled = $json->get_escape_slash
+
+If C<$enable> is true (or missing), then C<encode> will explicitly
+escape I<slash> (solidus; C<U+002F>) characters to reduce the risk of
+XSS (cross site scripting) that may be caused by C<< </script> >>
+in a JSON text, with the cost of bloating the size of JSON texts.
+
+This option may be useful when you embed JSON in HTML, but embedding
+arbitrary JSON in HTML (by some HTML template toolkit or by string
+interpolation) is risky in general. You must escape necessary
+characters in correct order, depending on the context.
+
+C<decode> will not be affected in any way.
+
+=head2 indent_length
+
+ $json = $json->indent_length($number_of_spaces)
+ $length = $json->get_indent_length
+
+This option is only useful when you also enable C<indent> or C<pretty>.
+
+JSON::XS indents with three spaces when you C<encode> (if requested
+by C<indent> or C<pretty>), and the number cannot be changed.
+JSON::PP allows you to change/get the number of indent spaces with these
+mutator/accessor. The default number of spaces is three (the same as
+JSON::XS), and the acceptable range is from C<0> (no indentation;
+it'd be better to disable indentation by C<indent(0)>) to C<15>.
+
+=head2 sort_by
+
+ $json = $json->sort_by($code_ref)
+ $json = $json->sort_by($subroutine_name)
+
+If you just want to sort keys (names) in JSON objects when you
+C<encode>, enable C<canonical> option (see above) that allows you to
+sort object keys alphabetically.
+
+If you do need to sort non-alphabetically for whatever reasons,
+you can give a code reference (or a subroutine name) to C<sort_by>,
+then the argument will be passed to Perl's C<sort> built-in function.
+
+As the sorting is done in the JSON::PP scope, you usually need to
+prepend C<JSON::PP::> to the subroutine name, and the special variables
+C<$a> and C<$b> used in the subrontine used by C<sort> function.
+
+Example:
+
+ my %ORDER = (id => 1, class => 2, name => 3);
+ $json->sort_by(sub {
+ ($ORDER{$JSON::PP::a} // 999) <=> ($ORDER{$JSON::PP::b} // 999)
+ or $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b
+ });
+ print $json->encode([
+ {name => 'CPAN', id => 1, href => 'http://cpan.org'}
+ ]);
+ # [{"id":1,"name":"CPAN","href":"http://cpan.org"}]
+
+Note that C<sort_by> affects all the plain hashes in the data structure.
+If you need finer control, C<tie> necessary hashes with a module that
+implements ordered hash (such as L<Hash::Ordered> and L<Tie::IxHash>).
+C<canonical> and C<sort_by> don't affect the key order in C<tie>d
+hashes.
+
+ use Hash::Ordered;
+ tie my %hash, 'Hash::Ordered',
+ (name => 'CPAN', id => 1, href => 'http://cpan.org');
+ print $json->encode([\%hash]);
+ # [{"name":"CPAN","id":1,"href":"http://cpan.org"}] # order is kept
+
+=head1 INCREMENTAL PARSING
+
+This section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+In some cases, there is the need for incremental parsing of JSON
+texts. While this module always has to keep both JSON text and resulting
+Perl data structure in memory at one time, it does allow you to parse a
+JSON stream incrementally. It does so by accumulating text until it has
+a full JSON object, which it then can decode. This process is similar to
+using C<decode_prefix> to see if a full JSON object is available, but
+is much more efficient (and can be implemented with a minimum of method
+calls).
+
+JSON::PP will only attempt to parse the JSON text once it is sure it
+has enough text to get a decisive result, using a very simple but
+truly incremental parser. This means that it sometimes won't stop as
+early as the full parser, for example, it doesn't detect mismatched
+parentheses. The only thing it guarantees is that it starts decoding as
+soon as a syntactically valid JSON text has been seen. This means you need
+to set resource limits (e.g. C<max_size>) to ensure the parser will stop
+parsing in the presence if syntax errors.
+
+The following methods implement this incremental parser.
+
+=head2 incr_parse
+
+ $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # void context
+
+ $obj_or_undef = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # scalar context
+
+ @obj_or_empty = $json->incr_parse( [$string] ) # list context
+
+This is the central parsing function. It can both append new text and
+extract objects from the stream accumulated so far (both of these
+functions are optional).
+
+If C<$string> is given, then this string is appended to the already
+existing JSON fragment stored in the C<$json> object.
+
+After that, if the function is called in void context, it will simply
+return without doing anything further. This can be used to add more text
+in as many chunks as you want.
+
+If the method is called in scalar context, then it will try to extract
+exactly I<one> JSON object. If that is successful, it will return this
+object, otherwise it will return C<undef>. If there is a parse error,
+this method will croak just as C<decode> would do (one can then use
+C<incr_skip> to skip the erroneous part). This is the most common way of
+using the method.
+
+And finally, in list context, it will try to extract as many objects
+from the stream as it can find and return them, or the empty list
+otherwise. For this to work, there must be no separators (other than
+whitespace) between the JSON objects or arrays, instead they must be
+concatenated back-to-back. If an error occurs, an exception will be
+raised as in the scalar context case. Note that in this case, any
+previously-parsed JSON texts will be lost.
+
+Example: Parse some JSON arrays/objects in a given string and return
+them.
+
+ my @objs = JSON::PP->new->incr_parse ("[5][7][1,2]");
+
+=head2 incr_text
+
+ $lvalue_string = $json->incr_text
+
+This method returns the currently stored JSON fragment as an lvalue, that
+is, you can manipulate it. This I<only> works when a preceding call to
+C<incr_parse> in I<scalar context> successfully returned an object. Under
+all other circumstances you must not call this function (I mean it.
+although in simple tests it might actually work, it I<will> fail under
+real world conditions). As a special exception, you can also call this
+method before having parsed anything.
+
+That means you can only use this function to look at or manipulate text
+before or after complete JSON objects, not while the parser is in the
+middle of parsing a JSON object.
+
+This function is useful in two cases: a) finding the trailing text after a
+JSON object or b) parsing multiple JSON objects separated by non-JSON text
+(such as commas).
+
+=head2 incr_skip
+
+ $json->incr_skip
+
+This will reset the state of the incremental parser and will remove
+the parsed text from the input buffer so far. This is useful after
+C<incr_parse> died, in which case the input buffer and incremental parser
+state is left unchanged, to skip the text parsed so far and to reset the
+parse state.
+
+The difference to C<incr_reset> is that only text until the parse error
+occurred is removed.
+
+=head2 incr_reset
+
+ $json->incr_reset
+
+This completely resets the incremental parser, that is, after this call,
+it will be as if the parser had never parsed anything.
+
+This is useful if you want to repeatedly parse JSON objects and want to
+ignore any trailing data, which means you have to reset the parser after
+each successful decode.
+
+=head1 MAPPING
+
+Most of this section is also taken from JSON::XS.
+
+This section describes how JSON::PP maps Perl values to JSON values and
+vice versa. These mappings are designed to "do the right thing" in most
+circumstances automatically, preserving round-tripping characteristics
+(what you put in comes out as something equivalent).
+
+For the more enlightened: note that in the following descriptions,
+lowercase I<perl> refers to the Perl interpreter, while uppercase I<Perl>
+refers to the abstract Perl language itself.
+
+=head2 JSON -> PERL
+
+=over 4
+
+=item object
+
+A JSON object becomes a reference to a hash in Perl. No ordering of object
+keys is preserved (JSON does not preserve object key ordering itself).
+
+=item array
+
+A JSON array becomes a reference to an array in Perl.
+
+=item string
+
+A JSON string becomes a string scalar in Perl - Unicode codepoints in JSON
+are represented by the same codepoints in the Perl string, so no manual
+decoding is necessary.
+
+=item number
+
+A JSON number becomes either an integer, numeric (floating point) or
+string scalar in perl, depending on its range and any fractional parts. On
+the Perl level, there is no difference between those as Perl handles all
+the conversion details, but an integer may take slightly less memory and
+might represent more values exactly than floating point numbers.
+
+If the number consists of digits only, JSON::PP will try to represent
+it as an integer value. If that fails, it will try to represent it as
+a numeric (floating point) value if that is possible without loss of
+precision. Otherwise it will preserve the number as a string value (in
+which case you lose roundtripping ability, as the JSON number will be
+re-encoded to a JSON string).
+
+Numbers containing a fractional or exponential part will always be
+represented as numeric (floating point) values, possibly at a loss of
+precision (in which case you might lose perfect roundtripping ability, but
+the JSON number will still be re-encoded as a JSON number).
+
+Note that precision is not accuracy - binary floating point values cannot
+represent most decimal fractions exactly, and when converting from and to
+floating point, JSON::PP only guarantees precision up to but not including
+the least significant bit.
+
+When C<allow_bignum> is enabled, big integer values and any numeric
+values will be converted into L<Math::BigInt> and L<Math::BigFloat>
+objects respectively, without becoming string scalars or losing
+precision.
+
+=item true, false
+
+These JSON atoms become C<JSON::PP::true> and C<JSON::PP::false>,
+respectively. They are overloaded to act almost exactly like the numbers
+C<1> and C<0>. You can check whether a scalar is a JSON boolean by using
+the C<JSON::PP::is_bool> function.
+
+=item null
+
+A JSON null atom becomes C<undef> in Perl.
+
+=item shell-style comments (C<< # I<text> >>)
+
+As a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax that is enabled by the
+C<relaxed> setting, shell-style comments are allowed. They can start
+anywhere outside strings and go till the end of the line.
+
+=item tagged values (C<< (I<tag>)I<value> >>).
+
+Another nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax, enabled with the
+C<allow_tags> setting, are tagged values. In this implementation, the
+I<tag> must be a perl package/class name encoded as a JSON string, and the
+I<value> must be a JSON array encoding optional constructor arguments.
+
+See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION>, below, for details.
+
+=back
+
+
+=head2 PERL -> JSON
+
+The mapping from Perl to JSON is slightly more difficult, as Perl is a
+truly typeless language, so we can only guess which JSON type is meant by
+a Perl value.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item hash references
+
+Perl hash references become JSON objects. As there is no inherent
+ordering in hash keys (or JSON objects), they will usually be encoded
+in a pseudo-random order. JSON::PP can optionally sort the hash keys
+(determined by the I<canonical> flag and/or I<sort_by> property), so
+the same data structure will serialise to the same JSON text (given
+same settings and version of JSON::PP), but this incurs a runtime
+overhead and is only rarely useful, e.g. when you want to compare some
+JSON text against another for equality.
+
+=item array references
+
+Perl array references become JSON arrays.
+
+=item other references
+
+Other unblessed references are generally not allowed and will cause an
+exception to be thrown, except for references to the integers C<0> and
+C<1>, which get turned into C<false> and C<true> atoms in JSON. You can
+also use C<JSON::PP::false> and C<JSON::PP::true> to improve
+readability.
+
+ to_json [\0, JSON::PP::true] # yields [false,true]
+
+=item JSON::PP::true, JSON::PP::false
+
+These special values become JSON true and JSON false values,
+respectively. You can also use C<\1> and C<\0> directly if you want.
+
+=item JSON::PP::null
+
+This special value becomes JSON null.
+
+=item blessed objects
+
+Blessed objects are not directly representable in JSON, but C<JSON::PP>
+allows various ways of handling objects. See L<OBJECT SERIALISATION>,
+below, for details.
+
+=item simple scalars
+
+Simple Perl scalars (any scalar that is not a reference) are the most
+difficult objects to encode: JSON::PP will encode undefined scalars as
+JSON C<null> values, scalars that have last been used in a string context
+before encoding as JSON strings, and anything else as number value:
+
+ # dump as number
+ encode_json [2] # yields [2]
+ encode_json [-3.0e17] # yields [-3e+17]
+ my $value = 5; encode_json [$value] # yields [5]
+
+ # used as string, so dump as string
+ print $value;
+ encode_json [$value] # yields ["5"]
+
+ # undef becomes null
+ encode_json [undef] # yields [null]
+
+You can force the type to be a JSON string by stringifying it:
+
+ my $x = 3.1; # some variable containing a number
+ "$x"; # stringified
+ $x .= ""; # another, more awkward way to stringify
+ print $x; # perl does it for you, too, quite often
+ # (but for older perls)
+
+You can force the type to be a JSON number by numifying it:
+
+ my $x = "3"; # some variable containing a string
+ $x += 0; # numify it, ensuring it will be dumped as a number
+ $x *= 1; # same thing, the choice is yours.
+
+You can not currently force the type in other, less obscure, ways.
+
+Since version 2.91_01, JSON::PP uses a different number detection logic
+that converts a scalar that is possible to turn into a number safely.
+The new logic is slightly faster, and tends to help people who use older
+perl or who want to encode complicated data structure. However, this may
+results in a different JSON text from the one JSON::XS encodes (and
+thus may break tests that compare entire JSON texts). If you do
+need the previous behavior for compatibility or for finer control,
+set PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B environmental variable to true before you
+C<use> JSON::PP (or JSON.pm).
+
+Note that numerical precision has the same meaning as under Perl (so
+binary to decimal conversion follows the same rules as in Perl, which
+can differ to other languages). Also, your perl interpreter might expose
+extensions to the floating point numbers of your platform, such as
+infinities or NaN's - these cannot be represented in JSON, and it is an
+error to pass those in.
+
+JSON::PP (and JSON::XS) trusts what you pass to C<encode> method
+(or C<encode_json> function) is a clean, validated data structure with
+values that can be represented as valid JSON values only, because it's
+not from an external data source (as opposed to JSON texts you pass to
+C<decode> or C<decode_json>, which JSON::PP considers tainted and
+doesn't trust). As JSON::PP doesn't know exactly what you and consumers
+of your JSON texts want the unexpected values to be (you may want to
+convert them into null, or to stringify them with or without
+normalisation (string representation of infinities/NaN may vary
+depending on platforms), or to croak without conversion), you're advised
+to do what you and your consumers need before you encode, and also not
+to numify values that may start with values that look like a number
+(including infinities/NaN), without validating.
+
+=back
+
+=head2 OBJECT SERIALISATION
+
+As JSON cannot directly represent Perl objects, you have to choose between
+a pure JSON representation (without the ability to deserialise the object
+automatically again), and a nonstandard extension to the JSON syntax,
+tagged values.
+
+=head3 SERIALISATION
+
+What happens when C<JSON::PP> encounters a Perl object depends on the
+C<allow_blessed>, C<convert_blessed>, C<allow_tags> and C<allow_bignum>
+settings, which are used in this order:
+
+=over 4
+
+=item 1. C<allow_tags> is enabled and the object has a C<FREEZE> method.
+
+In this case, C<JSON::PP> creates a tagged JSON value, using a nonstandard
+extension to the JSON syntax.
+
+This works by invoking the C<FREEZE> method on the object, with the first
+argument being the object to serialise, and the second argument being the
+constant string C<JSON> to distinguish it from other serialisers.
+
+The C<FREEZE> method can return any number of values (i.e. zero or
+more). These values and the paclkage/classname of the object will then be
+encoded as a tagged JSON value in the following format:
+
+ ("classname")[FREEZE return values...]
+
+e.g.:
+
+ ("URI")["http://www.google.com/"]
+ ("MyDate")[2013,10,29]
+ ("ImageData::JPEG")["Z3...VlCg=="]
+
+For example, the hypothetical C<My::Object> C<FREEZE> method might use the
+objects C<type> and C<id> members to encode the object:
+
+ sub My::Object::FREEZE {
+ my ($self, $serialiser) = @_;
+
+ ($self->{type}, $self->{id})
+ }
+
+=item 2. C<convert_blessed> is enabled and the object has a C<TO_JSON> method.
+
+In this case, the C<TO_JSON> method of the object is invoked in scalar
+context. It must return a single scalar that can be directly encoded into
+JSON. This scalar replaces the object in the JSON text.
+
+For example, the following C<TO_JSON> method will convert all L<URI>
+objects to JSON strings when serialised. The fact that these values
+originally were L<URI> objects is lost.
+
+ sub URI::TO_JSON {
+ my ($uri) = @_;
+ $uri->as_string
+ }
+
+=item 3. C<allow_bignum> is enabled and the object is a C<Math::BigInt> or C<Math::BigFloat>.
+
+The object will be serialised as a JSON number value.
+
+=item 4. C<allow_blessed> is enabled.
+
+The object will be serialised as a JSON null value.
+
+=item 5. none of the above
+
+If none of the settings are enabled or the respective methods are missing,
+C<JSON::PP> throws an exception.
+
+=back
+
+=head3 DESERIALISATION
+
+For deserialisation there are only two cases to consider: either
+nonstandard tagging was used, in which case C<allow_tags> decides,
+or objects cannot be automatically be deserialised, in which
+case you can use postprocessing or the C<filter_json_object> or
+C<filter_json_single_key_object> callbacks to get some real objects our of
+your JSON.
+
+This section only considers the tagged value case: a tagged JSON object
+is encountered during decoding and C<allow_tags> is disabled, a parse
+error will result (as if tagged values were not part of the grammar).
+
+If C<allow_tags> is enabled, C<JSON::PP> will look up the C<THAW> method
+of the package/classname used during serialisation (it will not attempt
+to load the package as a Perl module). If there is no such method, the
+decoding will fail with an error.
+
+Otherwise, the C<THAW> method is invoked with the classname as first
+argument, the constant string C<JSON> as second argument, and all the
+values from the JSON array (the values originally returned by the
+C<FREEZE> method) as remaining arguments.
+
+The method must then return the object. While technically you can return
+any Perl scalar, you might have to enable the C<allow_nonref> setting to
+make that work in all cases, so better return an actual blessed reference.
+
+As an example, let's implement a C<THAW> function that regenerates the
+C<My::Object> from the C<FREEZE> example earlier:
+
+ sub My::Object::THAW {
+ my ($class, $serialiser, $type, $id) = @_;
+
+ $class->new (type => $type, id => $id)
+ }
+
+
+=head1 ENCODING/CODESET FLAG NOTES
+
+This section is taken from JSON::XS.
+
+The interested reader might have seen a number of flags that signify
+encodings or codesets - C<utf8>, C<latin1> and C<ascii>. There seems to be
+some confusion on what these do, so here is a short comparison:
+
+C<utf8> controls whether the JSON text created by C<encode> (and expected
+by C<decode>) is UTF-8 encoded or not, while C<latin1> and C<ascii> only
+control whether C<encode> escapes character values outside their respective
+codeset range. Neither of these flags conflict with each other, although
+some combinations make less sense than others.
+
+Care has been taken to make all flags symmetrical with respect to
+C<encode> and C<decode>, that is, texts encoded with any combination of
+these flag values will be correctly decoded when the same flags are used
+- in general, if you use different flag settings while encoding vs. when
+decoding you likely have a bug somewhere.
+
+Below comes a verbose discussion of these flags. Note that a "codeset" is
+simply an abstract set of character-codepoint pairs, while an encoding
+takes those codepoint numbers and I<encodes> them, in our case into
+octets. Unicode is (among other things) a codeset, UTF-8 is an encoding,
+and ISO-8859-1 (= latin 1) and ASCII are both codesets I<and> encodings at
+the same time, which can be confusing.
+
+=over 4
+
+=item C<utf8> flag disabled
+
+When C<utf8> is disabled (the default), then C<encode>/C<decode> generate
+and expect Unicode strings, that is, characters with high ordinal Unicode
+values (> 255) will be encoded as such characters, and likewise such
+characters are decoded as-is, no changes to them will be done, except
+"(re-)interpreting" them as Unicode codepoints or Unicode characters,
+respectively (to Perl, these are the same thing in strings unless you do
+funny/weird/dumb stuff).
+
+This is useful when you want to do the encoding yourself (e.g. when you
+want to have UTF-16 encoded JSON texts) or when some other layer does
+the encoding for you (for example, when printing to a terminal using a
+filehandle that transparently encodes to UTF-8 you certainly do NOT want
+to UTF-8 encode your data first and have Perl encode it another time).
+
+=item C<utf8> flag enabled
+
+If the C<utf8>-flag is enabled, C<encode>/C<decode> will encode all
+characters using the corresponding UTF-8 multi-byte sequence, and will
+expect your input strings to be encoded as UTF-8, that is, no "character"
+of the input string must have any value > 255, as UTF-8 does not allow
+that.
+
+The C<utf8> flag therefore switches between two modes: disabled means you
+will get a Unicode string in Perl, enabled means you get an UTF-8 encoded
+octet/binary string in Perl.
+
+=item C<latin1> or C<ascii> flags enabled
+
+With C<latin1> (or C<ascii>) enabled, C<encode> will escape characters
+with ordinal values > 255 (> 127 with C<ascii>) and encode the remaining
+characters as specified by the C<utf8> flag.
+
+If C<utf8> is disabled, then the result is also correctly encoded in those
+character sets (as both are proper subsets of Unicode, meaning that a
+Unicode string with all character values < 256 is the same thing as a
+ISO-8859-1 string, and a Unicode string with all character values < 128 is
+the same thing as an ASCII string in Perl).
+
+If C<utf8> is enabled, you still get a correct UTF-8-encoded string,
+regardless of these flags, just some more characters will be escaped using
+C<\uXXXX> then before.
+
+Note that ISO-8859-1-I<encoded> strings are not compatible with UTF-8
+encoding, while ASCII-encoded strings are. That is because the ISO-8859-1
+encoding is NOT a subset of UTF-8 (despite the ISO-8859-1 I<codeset> being
+a subset of Unicode), while ASCII is.
+
+Surprisingly, C<decode> will ignore these flags and so treat all input
+values as governed by the C<utf8> flag. If it is disabled, this allows you
+to decode ISO-8859-1- and ASCII-encoded strings, as both strict subsets of
+Unicode. If it is enabled, you can correctly decode UTF-8 encoded strings.
+
+So neither C<latin1> nor C<ascii> are incompatible with the C<utf8> flag -
+they only govern when the JSON output engine escapes a character or not.
+
+The main use for C<latin1> is to relatively efficiently store binary data
+as JSON, at the expense of breaking compatibility with most JSON decoders.
+
+The main use for C<ascii> is to force the output to not contain characters
+with values > 127, which means you can interpret the resulting string
+as UTF-8, ISO-8859-1, ASCII, KOI8-R or most about any character set and
+8-bit-encoding, and still get the same data structure back. This is useful
+when your channel for JSON transfer is not 8-bit clean or the encoding
+might be mangled in between (e.g. in mail), and works because ASCII is a
+proper subset of most 8-bit and multibyte encodings in use in the world.
+
+=back
+
+=head1 BUGS
+
+Please report bugs on a specific behavior of this module to RT or GitHub
+issues (preferred):
+
+L<https://github.com/makamaka/JSON-PP/issues>
+
+L<https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Dist/Display.html?Queue=JSON-PP>
+
+As for new features and requests to change common behaviors, please
+ask the author of JSON::XS (Marc Lehmann, E<lt>schmorp[at]schmorp.deE<gt>)
+first, by email (important!), to keep compatibility among JSON.pm backends.
+
+Generally speaking, if you need something special for you, you are advised
+to create a new module, maybe based on L<JSON::Tiny>, which is smaller and
+written in a much cleaner way than this module.
+
+=head1 SEE ALSO
+
+The F<json_pp> command line utility for quick experiments.
+
+L<JSON::XS>, L<Cpanel::JSON::XS>, and L<JSON::Tiny> for faster alternatives.
+L<JSON> and L<JSON::MaybeXS> for easy migration.
+
+L<JSON::backportPP::Compat5005> and L<JSON::backportPP::Compat5006> for older perl users.
+
+RFC4627 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4627.txt>)
+
+RFC7159 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc7159.txt>)
+
+RFC8259 (L<http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc8259.txt>)
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+=head1 CURRENT MAINTAINER
+
+Kenichi Ishigaki, E<lt>ishigaki[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2016 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+Most of the documentation is taken from JSON::XS by Marc Lehmann
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
diff --git a/lib/JSON/backportPP/Boolean.pm b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Boolean.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bb7b8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Boolean.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package # This is JSON::backportPP
+ JSON::PP::Boolean;
+
+use strict;
+require overload;
+local $^W;
+overload::import('overload',
+ "0+" => sub { ${$_[0]} },
+ "++" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} + 1 },
+ "--" => sub { $_[0] = ${$_[0]} - 1 },
+ fallback => 1,
+);
+
+$JSON::backportPP::Boolean::VERSION = '4.02';
+
+1;
+
+__END__
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP::Boolean - dummy module providing JSON::PP::Boolean
+
+=head1 SYNOPSIS
+
+ # do not "use" yourself
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+This module exists only to provide overload resolution for Storable and similar modules. See
+L<JSON::PP> for more info about this class.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+This idea is from L<JSON::XS::Boolean> written by Marc Lehmann <schmorp[at]schmorp.de>
+
+=head1 LICENSE
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5005.pm b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5005.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139990e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5005.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package # This is JSON::backportPP
+ JSON::backportPP5005;
+
+use 5.005;
+use strict;
+
+my @properties;
+
+$JSON::PP5005::VERSION = '1.10';
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ sub utf8::is_utf8 {
+ 0; # It is considered that UTF8 flag off for Perl 5.005.
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::upgrade {
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::downgrade {
+ 1; # must always return true.
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::encode {
+ }
+
+ sub utf8::decode {
+ }
+
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&_decode_unicode;
+
+ # missing in B module.
+ sub B::SVp_IOK () { 0x01000000; }
+ sub B::SVp_NOK () { 0x02000000; }
+ sub B::SVp_POK () { 0x04000000; }
+
+ $INC{'bytes.pm'} = 1; # dummy
+}
+
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('', map { $_ <= 127 ? chr($_) : sprintf('\u%04x', $_) } unpack('C*', $_[0]) );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('', map { chr($_) } unpack('C*', $_[0]) );
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_surrogates { # from http://homepage1.nifty.com/nomenclator/unicode/ucs_utf.htm
+ my $uni = 0x10000 + (hex($_[0]) - 0xD800) * 0x400 + (hex($_[1]) - 0xDC00); # from perlunicode
+ my $bit = unpack('B32', pack('N', $uni));
+
+ if ( $bit =~ /^00000000000(...)(......)(......)(......)$/ ) {
+ my ($w, $x, $y, $z) = ($1, $2, $3, $4);
+ return pack('B*', sprintf('11110%s10%s10%s10%s', $w, $x, $y, $z));
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Invalid surrogate pair");
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub _decode_unicode {
+ my ($u) = @_;
+ my ($utf8bit);
+
+ if ( $u =~ /^00([89a-f][0-9a-f])$/i ) { # 0x80-0xff
+ return pack( 'H2', $1 );
+ }
+
+ my $bit = unpack("B*", pack("H*", $u));
+
+ if ( $bit =~ /^00000(.....)(......)$/ ) {
+ $utf8bit = sprintf('110%s10%s', $1, $2);
+ }
+ elsif ( $bit =~ /^(....)(......)(......)$/ ) {
+ $utf8bit = sprintf('1110%s10%s10%s', $1, $2, $3);
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Invalid escaped unicode");
+ }
+
+ return pack('B*', $utf8bit);
+}
+
+
+sub JSON::PP::incr_text {
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser} ||= JSON::PP::IncrParser->new;
+
+ if ( $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_parsing} ) {
+ Carp::croak("incr_text can not be called when the incremental parser already started parsing");
+ }
+
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text} = $_[1] if ( @_ > 1 );
+ $_[0]->{_incr_parser}->{incr_text};
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP5005 - Helper module in using JSON::PP in Perl 5.005
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP calls internally.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2012 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5006.pm b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5006.pm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7736fd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/JSON/backportPP/Compat5006.pm
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+package # This is JSON::backportPP
+ JSON::backportPP56;
+
+use 5.006;
+use strict;
+
+my @properties;
+
+$JSON::PP56::VERSION = '1.08';
+
+BEGIN {
+
+ sub utf8::is_utf8 {
+ my $len = length $_[0]; # char length
+ {
+ use bytes; # byte length;
+ return $len != length $_[0]; # if !=, UTF8-flagged on.
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::upgrade {
+ ; # noop;
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::downgrade ($;$) {
+ return 1 unless ( utf8::is_utf8( $_[0] ) );
+
+ if ( _is_valid_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ my $downgrade;
+ for my $c ( unpack( "U*", $_[0] ) ) {
+ if ( $c < 256 ) {
+ $downgrade .= pack("C", $c);
+ }
+ else {
+ $downgrade .= pack("U", $c);
+ }
+ }
+ $_[0] = $downgrade;
+ return 1;
+ }
+ else {
+ Carp::croak("Wide character in subroutine entry") unless ( $_[1] );
+ 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::encode ($) { # UTF8 flag off
+ if ( utf8::is_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ $_[0] = pack( "C*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ else {
+ $_[0] = pack( "U*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ $_[0] = pack( "C*", unpack( "C*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ sub utf8::decode ($) { # UTF8 flag on
+ if ( _is_valid_utf8( $_[0] ) ) {
+ utf8::downgrade( $_[0] );
+ $_[0] = pack( "U*", unpack( "U*", $_[0] ) );
+ }
+ }
+
+
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_ascii = \&_encode_ascii;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_encode_latin1 = \&_encode_latin1;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_surrogates = \&JSON::PP::_decode_surrogates;
+ *JSON::PP::JSON_PP_decode_unicode = \&JSON::PP::_decode_unicode;
+
+ unless ( defined &B::SVp_NOK ) { # missing in B module.
+ eval q{ sub B::SVp_NOK () { 0x02000000; } };
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+
+sub _encode_ascii {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 127 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', JSON::PP::_encode_surrogates($_));
+ } _unpack_emu($_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _encode_latin1 {
+ join('',
+ map {
+ $_ <= 255 ?
+ chr($_) :
+ $_ <= 65535 ?
+ sprintf('\u%04x', $_) : sprintf('\u%x\u%x', JSON::PP::_encode_surrogates($_));
+ } _unpack_emu($_[0])
+ );
+}
+
+
+sub _unpack_emu { # for Perl 5.6 unpack warnings
+ return !utf8::is_utf8($_[0]) ? unpack('C*', $_[0])
+ : _is_valid_utf8($_[0]) ? unpack('U*', $_[0])
+ : unpack('C*', $_[0]);
+}
+
+
+sub _is_valid_utf8 {
+ my $str = $_[0];
+ my $is_utf8;
+
+ while ($str =~ /(?:
+ (
+ [\x00-\x7F]
+ |[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ |[\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]
+ )
+ | (.)
+ )/xg)
+ {
+ if (defined $1) {
+ $is_utf8 = 1 if (!defined $is_utf8);
+ }
+ else {
+ $is_utf8 = 0 if (!defined $is_utf8);
+ if ($is_utf8) { # eventually, not utf8
+ return;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return $is_utf8;
+}
+
+
+1;
+__END__
+
+=pod
+
+=head1 NAME
+
+JSON::PP56 - Helper module in using JSON::PP in Perl 5.6
+
+=head1 DESCRIPTION
+
+JSON::PP calls internally.
+
+=head1 AUTHOR
+
+Makamaka Hannyaharamitu, E<lt>makamaka[at]cpan.orgE<gt>
+
+
+=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
+
+Copyright 2007-2012 by Makamaka Hannyaharamitu
+
+This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+it under the same terms as Perl itself.
+
+=cut
+
diff --git a/t/00_backend_version.t b/t/00_backend_version.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b55e13f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/00_backend_version.t
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+use Test::More tests => 1;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+diag ($JSON::BackendModule.' '.$JSON::BackendModule->VERSION);
+ok 1;
diff --git a/t/00_load.t b/t/00_load.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4409ce1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/00_load.t
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+BEGIN { $| = 1; print "1..1\n"; }
+END {print "not ok 1\n" unless $loaded;}
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+$loaded = 1;
+print "ok 1\n";
diff --git a/t/00_load_backport_pp.t b/t/00_load_backport_pp.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba4ce43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/00_load_backport_pp.t
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 5 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+BEGIN {
+ use_ok('JSON');
+}
+
+ok( exists $INC{ 'JSON/backportPP.pm' }, 'load backportPP' );
+ok( ! exists $INC{ 'JSON/PP.pm' }, q/didn't load PP/ );
+
+ok( JSON->backend->isa('JSON::PP') );
+ok( JSON->backend->is_pp );
diff --git a/t/00_pod.t b/t/00_pod.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8e3082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/00_pod.t
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+use strict;
+$^W = 1;
+
+use Test::More;
+
+eval "use Test::Pod 1.00";
+plan skip_all => "Test::Pod 1.00 required for testing POD" if $@;
+all_pod_files_ok ();
diff --git a/t/01_utf8.t b/t/01_utf8.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dccefa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/01_utf8.t
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 9 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use utf8;
+use JSON;
+
+
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->utf8 (1)->encode ("ü") eq "\"\xc3\xbc\"");
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->encode ("ü") eq "\"ü\"");
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->ascii (1)->utf8 (1)->encode (chr 0x8000) eq '"\u8000"');
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->ascii (1)->utf8 (1)->pretty (1)->encode (chr 0x10402) eq "\"\\ud801\\udc02\"\n");
+
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->utf8 (1)->decode ('"ü"') };
+ok $@ =~ /malformed UTF-8/;
+
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"ü"') eq "ü");
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\u00fc"') eq "ü");
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\ud801\udc02' . "\x{10204}\"") eq "\x{10402}\x{10204}");
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\"\n\\\\\r\t\f\b"') eq "\"\012\\\015\011\014\010");
+
diff --git a/t/02_error.t b/t/02_error.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a362302
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/02_error.t
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 35 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use utf8;
+use JSON;
+no warnings;
+
+
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\-1]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\undef]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\2]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\{}]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\[]]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\\1]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\u1234\udc00"') }; ok $@ =~ /missing high /;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('"\ud800"') }; ok $@ =~ /missing low /;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\ud800\u1234"') }; ok $@ =~ /surrogate pair /;
+
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (0)->decode ('null') }; ok $@ =~ /allow_nonref/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('+0') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('.2') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('bare') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('naughty') }; ok $@ =~ /null/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('01') }; ok $@ =~ /leading zero/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('00') }; ok $@ =~ /leading zero/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-0.') }; ok $@ =~ /decimal point/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('-0e') }; ok $@ =~ /exp sign/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-e+1') }; ok $@ =~ /initial minus/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ("\"\n\"") }; ok $@ =~ /invalid character/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ("\"\x01\"") }; ok $@ =~ /invalid character/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('[5') }; ok $@ =~ /parsing array/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('{"5"') }; ok $@ =~ /':' expected/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('{"5":null') }; ok $@ =~ /parsing object/;
+
+eval { JSON->new->decode (undef) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (\5) }; ok !!$@; # Can't coerce readonly
+eval { JSON->new->decode ([]) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (\*STDERR) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (*STDERR) }; ok !!$@; # cannot coerce GLOB
+
+eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0") }; ok $@ =~ /malformed.*character/;
+eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0\"") }; ok $@ =~ /malformed.*character/;
+SKIP: { skip "requires JSON::XS 4 compat backend", 4 if ($JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 3) or ($JSON::BackendModule eq 'Cpanel::JSON::XS') or ($JSON::BackendModule eq 'JSON::XS' and $JSON::BackendModule->VERSION < 4);
+eval { decode_json ("1\x01") }; ok $@ =~ /garbage after/;
+eval { decode_json ("1\x00") }; ok $@ =~ /garbage after/;
+eval { decode_json ("\"\"\x00") }; ok $@ =~ /garbage after/;
+eval { decode_json ("[]\x00") }; ok $@ =~ /garbage after/;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/03_types.t b/t/03_types.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d98332
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03_types.t
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 76 + 2 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use utf8;
+use JSON;
+
+
+ok (!defined JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('null'));
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('true') == 1);
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('false') == 0);
+
+my $true = JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('true');
+ok ($true eq 1);
+ok (JSON::is_bool $true);
+my $false = JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('false');
+ok ($false == !$true);
+ok (JSON::is_bool $false);
+ok (++$false == 1);
+ok (!JSON::is_bool $false);
+ok (!JSON::is_bool "JSON::Boolean");
+ok (!JSON::is_bool {}); # GH-34
+
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('5') == 5);
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-5') == -5);
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('5e1') == 50);
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-333e+0') == -333);
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('2.5') == 2.5);
+
+ok (JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('""') eq "");
+ok ('[1,2,3,4]' eq encode_json decode_json ('[1,2, 3,4]'));
+ok ('[{},[],[],{}]' eq encode_json decode_json ('[{},[], [ ] ,{ }]'));
+ok ('[{"1":[5]}]' eq encode_json [{1 => [5]}]);
+ok ('{"1":2,"3":4}' eq JSON->new->canonical (1)->encode (decode_json '{ "1" : 2, "3" : 4 }'));
+ok ('{"1":2,"3":1.2}' eq JSON->new->canonical (1)->encode (decode_json '{ "1" : 2, "3" : 1.2 }'));
+
+ok ('[true]' eq encode_json [JSON::true]);
+ok ('[false]' eq encode_json [JSON::false]);
+ok ('[true]' eq encode_json [\1]);
+ok ('[false]' eq encode_json [\0]);
+ok ('[null]' eq encode_json [undef]);
+ok ('[true]' eq encode_json [JSON::true]);
+ok ('[false]' eq encode_json [JSON::false]);
+
+for my $v (1, 2, 3, 5, -1, -2, -3, -4, 100, 1000, 10000, -999, -88, -7, 7, 88, 999, -1e5, 1e6, 1e7, 1e8) {
+ ok ($v == ((decode_json "[$v]")->[0]));
+ ok ($v == ((decode_json encode_json [$v])->[0]));
+}
+
+ok (30123 == ((decode_json encode_json [30123])->[0]));
+ok (32123 == ((decode_json encode_json [32123])->[0]));
+ok (32456 == ((decode_json encode_json [32456])->[0]));
+ok (32789 == ((decode_json encode_json [32789])->[0]));
+ok (32767 == ((decode_json encode_json [32767])->[0]));
+ok (32768 == ((decode_json encode_json [32768])->[0]));
+
+my @sparse; @sparse[0,3] = (1, 4);
+ok ("[1,null,null,4]" eq encode_json \@sparse);
+
diff --git a/t/04_dwiw_encode.t b/t/04_dwiw_encode.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a30dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/04_dwiw_encode.t
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# copied over from JSON::DWIW and modified to use JSON
+
+# Creation date: 2007-02-20 19:51:06
+# Authors: don
+
+use strict;
+use Test;
+
+# main
+{
+ BEGIN { plan tests => 5 }
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+ my $data;
+
+ # my $expected_str = '{"var1":"val1","var2":["first_element",{"sub_element":"sub_val","sub_element2":"sub_val2"}],"var3":"val3"}';
+
+ my $expected_str1 = '{"var1":"val1","var2":["first_element",{"sub_element":"sub_val","sub_element2":"sub_val2"}]}';
+ my $expected_str2 = '{"var2":["first_element",{"sub_element":"sub_val","sub_element2":"sub_val2"}],"var1":"val1"}';
+ my $expected_str3 = '{"var2":["first_element",{"sub_element2":"sub_val2","sub_element":"sub_val"}],"var1":"val1"}';
+ my $expected_str4 = '{"var1":"val1","var2":["first_element",{"sub_element2":"sub_val2","sub_element":"sub_val"}]}';
+
+ my $json_obj = JSON->new->allow_nonref (1);
+ my $json_str;
+ # print STDERR "\n" . $json_str . "\n\n";
+
+ my $expected_str;
+
+ $data = 'stuff';
+ $json_str = $json_obj->encode($data);
+ ok($json_str eq '"stuff"');
+
+ $data = "stu\nff";
+ $json_str = $json_obj->encode($data);
+ ok($json_str eq '"stu\nff"');
+
+ $data = [ 1, 2, 3 ];
+ $expected_str = '[1,2,3]';
+ $json_str = $json_obj->encode($data);
+
+ ok($json_str eq $expected_str);
+
+ $data = { var1 => 'val1', var2 => 'val2' };
+ $json_str = $json_obj->encode($data);
+
+ ok($json_str eq '{"var1":"val1","var2":"val2"}'
+ or $json_str eq '{"var2":"val2","var1":"val1"}');
+
+ $data = { var1 => 'val1',
+ var2 => [ 'first_element',
+ { sub_element => 'sub_val', sub_element2 => 'sub_val2' },
+ ],
+ # var3 => 'val3',
+ };
+
+ $json_str = $json_obj->encode($data);
+
+ ok($json_str eq $expected_str1 or $json_str eq $expected_str2
+ or $json_str eq $expected_str3 or $json_str eq $expected_str4);
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+###############################################################################
+# Subroutines
+
diff --git a/t/05_dwiw_decode.t b/t/05_dwiw_decode.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb94f20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/05_dwiw_decode.t
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# copied over from JSON::DWIW and modified to use JSON
+
+# Creation date: 2007-02-20 21:54:09
+# Authors: don
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Test;
+
+# main
+{
+ BEGIN { plan tests => 7 }
+
+ BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+ my $json_str = '{"var1":"val1","var2":["first_element",{"sub_element":"sub_val","sub_element2":"sub_val2"}],"var3":"val3"}';
+
+ my $json_obj = JSON->new->allow_nonref(1);
+ my $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+
+ my $pass = 1;
+ if ($data->{var1} eq 'val1' and $data->{var3} eq 'val3') {
+ if ($data->{var2}) {
+ my $array = $data->{var2};
+ if (ref($array) eq 'ARRAY') {
+ if ($array->[0] eq 'first_element') {
+ my $hash = $array->[1];
+ if (ref($hash) eq 'HASH') {
+ unless ($hash->{sub_element} eq 'sub_val'
+ and $hash->{sub_element2} eq 'sub_val2') {
+ $pass = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $pass = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $pass = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $pass = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ else {
+ $pass = 0;
+ }
+ }
+
+ ok($pass);
+
+ $json_str = '"val1"';
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data eq 'val1');
+
+ $json_str = '567';
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data == 567);
+
+ $json_str = "5e1";
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data == 50);
+
+ $json_str = "5e3";
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data == 5000);
+
+ $json_str = "5e+1";
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data == 50);
+
+ $json_str = "5e-1";
+ $data = $json_obj->decode($json_str);
+ ok($data == 0.5);
+
+
+
+
+# use Data::Dumper;
+# print STDERR Dumper($test_data) . "\n\n";
+
+}
+
+exit 0;
+
+###############################################################################
+# Subroutines
+
diff --git a/t/06_pc_pretty.t b/t/06_pc_pretty.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..333cc7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/06_pc_pretty.t
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 9 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my ($js,$obj,$json);
+my $pc = new JSON;
+
+$obj = {foo => "bar"};
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|{"foo":"bar"}|);
+
+$obj = [10, "hoge", {foo => "bar"}];
+$pc->pretty (1);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|[
+ 10,
+ "hoge",
+ {
+ "foo" : "bar"
+ }
+]
+|);
+
+$obj = { foo => [ {a=>"b"}, 0, 1, 2 ] };
+$pc->pretty(0);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|{"foo":[{"a":"b"},0,1,2]}|);
+
+
+$obj = { foo => [ {a=>"b"}, 0, 1, 2 ] };
+$pc->pretty(1);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|{
+ "foo" : [
+ {
+ "a" : "b"
+ },
+ 0,
+ 1,
+ 2
+ ]
+}
+|);
+
+$obj = { foo => [ {a=>"b"}, 0, 1, 2 ] };
+$pc->pretty(0);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|{"foo":[{"a":"b"},0,1,2]}|);
+
+
+$obj = {foo => "bar"};
+$pc->indent(1);
+is($pc->encode($obj), qq|{\n "foo":"bar"\n}\n|, "nospace");
+$pc->space_after(1);
+is($pc->encode($obj), qq|{\n "foo": "bar"\n}\n|, "after");
+$pc->space_before(1);
+is($pc->encode($obj), qq|{\n "foo" : "bar"\n}\n|, "both");
+$pc->space_after(0);
+is($pc->encode($obj), qq|{\n "foo" :"bar"\n}\n|, "before");
+
diff --git a/t/07_pc_esc.t b/t/07_pc_esc.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bb080c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/07_pc_esc.t
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#
+# このファイルのエンコーディングはUTF-8
+#
+
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+use utf8;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 17 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+#########################
+my ($js,$obj,$str);
+
+my $pc = new JSON;
+
+$obj = {test => qq|abc"def|};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\"def"}|);
+
+$obj = {qq|te"st| => qq|abc"def|};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"te\"st":"abc\"def"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => qq|abc/def|}; # / => \/
+$str = $pc->encode($obj); # but since version 0.99
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc/def"}|); # this handling is deleted.
+$obj = $pc->decode($str);
+is($obj->{test},q|abc/def|);
+
+$obj = {test => q|abc\def|};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\\\\def"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc\bdef"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\bdef"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc\fdef"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\fdef"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc\ndef"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\ndef"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc\rdef"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\rdef"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc-def"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc-def"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc(def"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc(def"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "abc\\def"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"abc\\\\def"}|);
+
+$obj = {test => "あいうえお"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"test":"あいうえお"}|);
+
+$obj = {"あいうえお" => "かきくけこ"};
+$str = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($str,q|{"あいうえお":"かきくけこ"}|);
+
+$obj = $pc->decode(q|{"id":"abc\ndef"}|);
+is($obj->{id},"abc\ndef",q|{"id":"abc\ndef"}|);
+
+$obj = $pc->decode(q|{"id":"abc\\\ndef"}|);
+is($obj->{id},"abc\\ndef",q|{"id":"abc\\\ndef"}|);
+
+$obj = $pc->decode(q|{"id":"abc\\\\\ndef"}|);
+is($obj->{id},"abc\\\ndef",q|{"id":"abc\\\\\ndef"}|);
+
diff --git a/t/08_pc_base.t b/t/08_pc_base.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f483ed2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/08_pc_base.t
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use Test::More;
+
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 20 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my ($js,$obj);
+
+my $pc = new JSON;
+
+$js = q|{}|;
+
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{}', '{}');
+
+$js = q|[]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'[]', '[]');
+
+
+$js = q|{"foo":"bar"}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo},'bar');
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{"foo":"bar"}', '{"foo":"bar"}');
+
+$js = q|{"foo":""}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{"foo":""}', '{"foo":""}');
+
+$js = q|{"foo":" "}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{"foo":" "}' ,'{"foo":" "}');
+
+$js = q|{"foo":"0"}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{"foo":"0"}',q|{"foo":"0"} - autoencode (default)|);
+
+
+$js = q|{"foo":"0 0"}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'{"foo":"0 0"}','{"foo":"0 0"}');
+
+$js = q|[1,2,3]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[1],2);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'[1,2,3]');
+
+$js = q|{"foo":{"bar":"hoge"}}|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo}->{bar},'hoge');
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|{"foo":{"bar":"hoge"}}|);
+
+$js = q|[{"foo":[1,2,3]},-0.12,{"a":"b"}]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,q|[{"foo":[1,2,3]},-0.12,{"a":"b"}]|);
+
+
+$obj = ["\x01"];
+is($js = $pc->encode($obj),'["\\u0001"]');
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0],"\x01");
+
+$obj = ["\e"];
+is($js = $pc->encode($obj),'["\\u001b"]');
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0],"\e");
+
+$js = '{"id":"}';
+eval q{ $pc->decode($js) };
+like($@, qr/unexpected end/i);
+
+$obj = { foo => sub { "bar" } };
+eval q{ $js = $pc->encode($obj) };
+like($@, qr/JSON can only/i, 'invalid value (coderef)');
+
+#$obj = { foo => bless {}, "Hoge" };
+#eval q{ $js = $pc->encode($obj) };
+#like($@, qr/JSON can only/i, 'invalid value (blessd object)');
+
+$obj = { foo => \$js };
+eval q{ $js = $pc->encode($obj) };
+like($@, qr/cannot encode reference/i, 'invalid value (ref)');
+
diff --git a/t/09_pc_extra_number.t b/t/09_pc_extra_number.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..697786a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/09_pc_extra_number.t
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 6 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+use utf8;
+
+#########################
+my ($js,$obj);
+my $pc = new JSON;
+
+$js = '{"foo":0}';
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo}, 0, "normal 0");
+
+$js = '{"foo":0.1}';
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo}, 0.1, "normal 0.1");
+
+
+$js = '{"foo":10}';
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo}, 10, "normal 10");
+
+$js = '{"foo":-10}';
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo}, -10, "normal -10");
+
+
+$js = '{"foo":0, "bar":0.1}';
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->{foo},0, "normal 0");
+is($obj->{bar},0.1,"normal 0.1");
+
diff --git a/t/104_sortby.t b/t/104_sortby.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20b087e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/104_sortby.t
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 3 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+#########################
+
+my ($js,$obj);
+my $pc = JSON->new;
+
+$obj = {a=>1, b=>2, c=>3, d=>4, e=>5, f=>6, g=>7, h=>8, i=>9};
+
+$js = $pc->sort_by(1)->encode($obj);
+is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+
+$js = $pc->sort_by(sub { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b })->encode($obj);
+is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+$js = $pc->sort_by('hoge')->encode($obj);
+is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
+sub JSON::PP::hoge { $JSON::PP::a cmp $JSON::PP::b }
diff --git a/t/105_esc_slash.t b/t/105_esc_slash.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..495766e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/105_esc_slash.t
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+#########################
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+my $js = '/';
+
+is($json->encode($js), '"/"');
+is($json->escape_slash->encode($js), '"\/"');
+
diff --git a/t/106_allow_barekey.t b/t/106_allow_barekey.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042e0bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/106_allow_barekey.t
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+#########################
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+eval q| $json->decode('{foo:"bar"}') |;
+
+ok($@); # in XS and PP, the error message differs.
+
+$json->allow_barekey;
+
+is($json->decode('{foo:"bar"}')->{foo}, 'bar');
+
+
diff --git a/t/107_allow_singlequote.t b/t/107_allow_singlequote.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1f6a6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/107_allow_singlequote.t
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 4 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+#########################
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+eval q| $json->decode("{'foo':'bar'}") |;
+
+ok($@); # in XS and PP, the error message differs.
+
+$json->allow_singlequote;
+
+is($json->decode(q|{'foo':"bar"}|)->{foo}, 'bar');
+is($json->decode(q|{'foo':'bar'}|)->{foo}, 'bar');
+is($json->allow_barekey->decode(q|{foo:'bar'}|)->{foo}, 'bar');
+
diff --git a/t/108_decode.t b/t/108_decode.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e1e547
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/108_decode.t
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#
+# decode on Perl 5.005, 5.6, 5.8 or later
+#
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 6 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+no utf8;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+
+is($json->decode(q|"ü"|), "ü"); # utf8
+is($json->decode(q|"\u00fc"|), "\xfc"); # latin1
+is($json->decode(q|"\u00c3\u00bc"|), "\xc3\xbc"); # utf8
+
+my $str = 'あ'; # Japanese 'a' in utf8
+
+is($json->decode(q|"\u00e3\u0081\u0082"|), $str);
+
+utf8::decode($str); # usually UTF-8 flagged on, but no-op for 5.005.
+
+is($json->decode(q|"\u3042"|), $str);
+
+
+my $utf8 = $json->decode(q|"\ud808\udf45"|); # chr 12345
+
+utf8::encode($utf8); # UTF-8 flagged off
+
+is($utf8, "\xf0\x92\x8d\x85");
+
diff --git a/t/109_encode.t b/t/109_encode.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c189297
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/109_encode.t
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#
+# decode on Perl 5.005, 5.6, 5.8 or later
+#
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 7 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+no utf8;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+
+is($json->encode("ü"), q|"ü"|); # as is
+
+$json->ascii;
+
+is($json->encode("\xfc"), q|"\u00fc"|); # latin1
+is($json->encode("\xc3\xbc"), q|"\u00c3\u00bc"|); # utf8
+is($json->encode("ü"), q|"\u00c3\u00bc"|); # utf8
+is($json->encode('あ'), q|"\u00e3\u0081\u0082"|);
+
+if ($] >= 5.006) {
+ is($json->encode(chr hex 3042 ), q|"\u3042"|);
+ is($json->encode(chr hex 12345 ), q|"\ud808\udf45"|);
+}
+else {
+ is($json->encode(chr hex 3042 ), $json->encode(chr 66));
+ is($json->encode(chr hex 12345 ), $json->encode(chr 69));
+}
+
diff --git a/t/10_pc_keysort.t b/t/10_pc_keysort.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dc42ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/10_pc_keysort.t
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+#########################
+
+my ($js,$obj);
+my $pc = JSON->new->canonical(1);
+
+$obj = {a=>1, b=>2, c=>3, d=>4, e=>5, f=>6, g=>7, h=>8, i=>9};
+
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js, q|{"a":1,"b":2,"c":3,"d":4,"e":5,"f":6,"g":7,"h":8,"i":9}|);
+
diff --git a/t/110_bignum.t b/t/110_bignum.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..044e0e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/110_bignum.t
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 9 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+eval q| require Math::BigInt |;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "Can't load Math::BigInt.", 9 if ($@);
+
+ my $v = Math::BigInt->VERSION;
+ $v =~ s/_.+$// if $v;
+
+my $fix = !$v ? '+'
+ : $v < 1.6 ? '+'
+ : '';
+
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+
+$json->allow_nonref->allow_bignum(1);
+$json->convert_blessed->allow_blessed;
+
+my $num = $json->decode(q|100000000000000000000000000000000000000|);
+
+ok($num->isa('Math::BigInt'));
+is("$num", $fix . '100000000000000000000000000000000000000');
+is($json->encode($num), $fix . '100000000000000000000000000000000000000');
+
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.91_03 or newer", 2 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 2.91_03;
+$num = $json->decode(q|10|);
+
+ok(!(ref $num and $num->isa('Math::BigInt')), 'small integer is not a BigInt');
+ok(!(ref $num and $num->isa('Math::BigFloat')), 'small integer is not a BigFloat');
+}
+
+$num = $json->decode(q|2.0000000000000000001|);
+
+ok($num->isa('Math::BigFloat'));
+is("$num", '2.0000000000000000001');
+is($json->encode($num), '2.0000000000000000001');
+
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer", 1 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 2.90;
+is($json->encode([Math::BigInt->new("0")]), "[${fix}0]", "zero bigint is 0 (the number), not '0' (the string)" );
+}
+}
diff --git a/t/112_upgrade.t b/t/112_upgrade.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94b6d1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/112_upgrade.t
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 3 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref->utf8;
+my $str = '\\u00c8';
+
+my $value = $json->decode( '"\\u00c8"' );
+
+#use Devel::Peek;
+#Dump( $value );
+
+is( $value, chr 0xc8 );
+
+ok( utf8::is_utf8( $value ) );
+
+eval { $json->decode( '"' . chr(0xc8) . '"' ) };
+ok( $@ =~ /malformed UTF-8 character in JSON string/ );
+
diff --git a/t/113_overloaded_eq.t b/t/113_overloaded_eq.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9bc8e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/113_overloaded_eq.t
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
+
+BEGIN {
+ $ENV{ PERL_JSON_BACKEND } = 0;
+}
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->convert_blessed;
+
+my $obj = OverloadedObject->new( 'foo' );
+ok( $obj eq 'foo' );
+is( $json->encode( [ $obj ] ), q{["foo"]} );
+
+# rt.cpan.org #64783
+my $foo = bless {}, 'Foo';
+my $bar = bless {}, 'Bar';
+
+eval q{ $json->encode( $foo ) };
+ok($@);
+eval q{ $json->encode( $bar ) };
+ok(!$@);
+
+
+package Foo;
+
+use strict;
+use overload (
+ 'eq' => sub { 0 },
+ '""' => sub { $_[0] },
+ fallback => 1,
+);
+
+sub TO_JSON {
+ return $_[0];
+}
+
+package Bar;
+
+use strict;
+use overload (
+ 'eq' => sub { 0 },
+ '""' => sub { $_[0] },
+ fallback => 1,
+);
+
+sub TO_JSON {
+ return overload::StrVal($_[0]);
+}
+
+
+package OverloadedObject;
+
+use overload 'eq' => sub { $_[0]->{v} eq $_[1] }, '""' => sub { $_[0]->{v} }, fallback => 1;
+
+
+sub new {
+ bless { v => $_[1] }, $_[0];
+}
+
+
+sub TO_JSON { "$_[0]"; }
+
diff --git a/t/114_decode_prefix.t b/t/114_decode_prefix.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78db21e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/114_decode_prefix.t
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More tests => 8;
+
+BEGIN {
+ $ENV{ PERL_JSON_BACKEND } = 0;
+}
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+
+my $complete_text = qq/{"foo":"bar"}/;
+my $garbaged_text = qq/{"foo":"bar"}\n/;
+my $garbaged_text2 = qq/{"foo":"bar"}\n\n/;
+my $garbaged_text3 = qq/{"foo":"bar"}\n----/;
+
+is( ( $json->decode_prefix( $complete_text ) ) [1], 13 );
+is( ( $json->decode_prefix( $garbaged_text ) ) [1], 13 );
+is( ( $json->decode_prefix( $garbaged_text2 ) ) [1], 13 );
+is( ( $json->decode_prefix( $garbaged_text3 ) ) [1], 13 );
+
+eval { $json->decode( "\n" ) }; ok( $@ =~ /malformed JSON/ );
+eval { $json->allow_nonref(0)->decode('null') }; ok $@ =~ /allow_nonref/;
+
+eval { $json->decode_prefix( "\n" ) }; ok( $@ =~ /malformed JSON/ );
+eval { $json->allow_nonref(0)->decode_prefix('null') }; ok $@ =~ /allow_nonref/;
+
diff --git a/t/115_tie_ixhash.t b/t/115_tie_ixhash.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95920e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/115_tie_ixhash.t
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+# from https://rt.cpan.org/Ticket/Display.html?id=25162
+
+SKIP: {
+ eval {require Tie::IxHash};
+ skip "Can't load Tie::IxHash.", 2 if ($@);
+
+ my %columns;
+ tie %columns, 'Tie::IxHash';
+
+ %columns = (
+ id => 'int',
+ 1 => 'a',
+ 2 => 'b',
+ 3 => 'c',
+ 4 => 'd',
+ 5 => 'e',
+ );
+
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+
+ my $js = $json->encode(\%columns);
+ is( $js, q/{"id":"int","1":"a","2":"b","3":"c","4":"d","5":"e"}/ );
+
+ $js = $json->pretty->encode(\%columns);
+ is( $js, <<'STR' );
+{
+ "id" : "int",
+ "1" : "a",
+ "2" : "b",
+ "3" : "c",
+ "4" : "d",
+ "5" : "e"
+}
+STR
+
+}
+
diff --git a/t/116_incr_parse_fixed.t b/t/116_incr_parse_fixed.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bbee2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/116_incr_parse_fixed.t
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_nonref(1);
+
+my @vs = $json->incr_parse('"a\"bc');
+
+ok( not scalar(@vs) );
+
+@vs = $json->incr_parse('"');
+
+is( $vs[0], "a\"bc" );
+
+
+$json = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0);
+
+@vs = $json->incr_parse('"a\"bc');
+ok( not scalar(@vs) );
+@vs = eval { $json->incr_parse('"') };
+ok($@ =~ qr/JSON text must be an object or array/);
+
diff --git a/t/117_numbers.t b/t/117_numbers.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eed93d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/117_numbers.t
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_PP_USE_B} = 0 }
+use JSON;
+
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer" if JSON->backend->is_pp and eval $JSON::BackendModule->VERSION < 2.90 }
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => "not for $JSON::BackendModule" if $JSON::BackendModule eq 'JSON::XS' }
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 3 }
+
+# TODO ("inf"/"nan" representations are not portable)
+# is encode_json([9**9**9]), '["inf"]';
+# is encode_json([-sin(9**9**9)]), '["nan"]';
+
+my $num = 3;
+my $str = "$num";
+is encode_json({test => [$num, $str]}), '{"test":[3,"3"]}';
+$num = 3.21;
+$str = "$num";
+is encode_json({test => [$num, $str]}), '{"test":[3.21,"3.21"]}';
+$str = '0 but true';
+$num = 1 + $str;
+is encode_json({test => [$num, $str]}), '{"test":[1,"0 but true"]}';
diff --git a/t/118_boolean_values.t b/t/118_boolean_values.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32e7390
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/118_boolean_values.t
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON;
+
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => "requires Perl 5.008 or later" if $] < 5.008 }
+
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => "requires JSON::XS 4 compat backend" if ($JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 3) or ($JSON::BackendModule eq 'Cpanel::JSON::XS') or ($JSON::BackendModule eq 'JSON::XS' and $JSON::BackendModule->VERSION < 4); }
+
+package #
+ Dummy::True;
+*Dummy::True:: = *JSON::PP::Boolean::;
+
+package #
+ Dummy::False;
+*Dummy::False:: = *JSON::PP::Boolean::;
+
+package main;
+
+my $dummy_true = bless \(my $dt = 1), 'Dummy::True';
+my $dummy_false = bless \(my $df = 0), 'Dummy::False';
+
+my @tests = ([$dummy_true, $dummy_false, 'Dummy::True', 'Dummy::False']);
+
+# extra boolean classes
+if (eval "require boolean; 1") {
+ push @tests, [boolean::true(), boolean::false(), 'boolean', 'boolean', 1];
+}
+if (eval "require JSON; 1") {
+ push @tests, [JSON::true(), JSON::false(), 'JSON::PP::Boolean', 'JSON::PP::Boolean'];
+ push @tests, [JSON->boolean(11), JSON->boolean(undef), 'JSON::PP::Boolean', 'JSON::PP::Boolean'];
+ push @tests, [JSON::boolean(11), JSON::boolean(undef), 'JSON::PP::Boolean', 'JSON::PP::Boolean'];
+}
+if (eval "require Data::Bool; 1") {
+ push @tests, [Data::Bool::true(), Data::Bool::false(), 'Data::Bool::Impl', 'Data::Bool::Impl'];
+}
+if (eval "require Types::Serialiser; 1") {
+ push @tests, [Types::Serialiser::true(), Types::Serialiser::false(), 'Types::Serialiser::BooleanBase', 'Types::Serialiser::BooleanBase'];
+}
+
+plan tests => 13 * @tests;
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+for my $test (@tests) {
+ my ($true, $false, $true_class, $false_class, $incompat) = @$test;
+
+ $json->boolean_values($false, $true);
+ my ($new_false, $new_true) = $json->get_boolean_values;
+ ok defined $new_true, "new true class is defined";
+ ok defined $new_false, "new false class is defined";
+ ok $new_true->isa($true_class), "new true class is $true_class";
+ ok $new_false->isa($false_class), "new false class is $false_class";
+ SKIP: {
+ skip "$true_class is not compatible with JSON::PP::Boolean", 2 if $incompat;
+ ok $new_true->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'), "new true class is also JSON::PP::Boolean";
+ ok $new_false->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'), "new false class is also JSON::PP::Boolean";
+ }
+
+ my $should_true = $json->allow_nonref(1)->decode('true');
+ ok $should_true->isa($true_class), "JSON true turns into a $true_class object";
+
+ my $should_false = $json->allow_nonref(1)->decode('false');
+ ok $should_false->isa($false_class), "JSON false turns into a $false_class object";
+
+ SKIP: {
+ skip "$true_class is not compatible with JSON::PP::Boolean", 2 if $incompat;
+ my $should_true_json = eval { $json->allow_nonref(1)->encode($new_true); };
+ is $should_true_json => 'true', "A $true_class object turns into JSON true";
+
+ my $should_false_json = eval { $json->allow_nonref(1)->encode($new_false); };
+ is $should_false_json => 'false', "A $false_class object turns into JSON false";
+ }
+
+ $json->boolean_values();
+ ok !$json->get_boolean_values, "reset boolean values";
+
+ $should_true = $json->allow_nonref(1)->decode('true');
+ ok $should_true->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'), "JSON true turns into a JSON::PP::Boolean object";
+
+ $should_false = $json->allow_nonref(1)->decode('false');
+ ok $should_false->isa('JSON::PP::Boolean'), "JSON false turns into a JSON::PP::Boolean object";
+}
diff --git a/t/11_pc_expo.t b/t/11_pc_expo.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..585290a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/11_pc_expo.t
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# copied over from JSON::PC and modified to use JSON
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 8 + 2 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+#########################
+my ($js,$obj);
+my $pc = new JSON;
+
+$js = q|[-12.34]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0], -12.34, 'digit -12.34');
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'[-12.34]', 'digit -12.34');
+
+$js = q|[-1.234e5]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0], -123400, 'digit -1.234e5');
+SKIP: { skip "not for $JSON::BackendModule", 1 if $JSON::BackendModule eq 'Cpanel::JSON::XS';
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'[-123400]', 'digit -1.234e5');
+}
+
+$js = q|[1.23E-4]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0], 0.000123, 'digit 1.23E-4');
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+is($js,'[0.000123]', 'digit 1.23E-4');
+
+
+$js = q|[1.01e+30]|;
+$obj = $pc->decode($js);
+is($obj->[0], 1.01e+30, 'digit 1.01e+30');
+$js = $pc->encode($obj);
+like($js,qr/\[(?:1.01[Ee]\+0?30|1010000000000000000000000000000)]/, 'digit 1.01e+30'); # RT-128589 (-Duselongdouble or -Dquadmath)
+
+my $vax_float = (pack("d",1) =~ /^[\x80\x10]\x40/);
+
+if ($vax_float) {
+ # VAX has smaller float range.
+ $js = q|[1.01e+37]|;
+ $obj = $pc->decode($js);
+ is($obj->[0], eval '1.01e+37', 'digit 1.01e+37');
+ $js = $pc->encode($obj);
+ like($js,qr/\[1.01[Ee]\+0?37\]/, 'digit 1.01e+37');
+} else {
+ $js = q|[1.01e+67]|; # 30 -> 67 ... patched by H.Merijn Brand
+ $obj = $pc->decode($js);
+ is($obj->[0], eval '1.01e+67', 'digit 1.01e+67');
+ $js = $pc->encode($obj);
+ like($js,qr/\[1.01[Ee]\+0?67\]/, 'digit 1.01e+67');
+}
diff --git a/t/12_blessed.t b/t/12_blessed.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f966f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/12_blessed.t
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 16 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+
+my $o1 = bless { a => 3 }, "XX";
+my $o2 = bless \(my $dummy = 1), "YY";
+
+sub XX::TO_JSON {
+ {'__',""}
+}
+
+my $js = JSON->new;
+
+eval { $js->encode ($o1) }; ok ($@ =~ /allow_blessed/);
+eval { $js->encode ($o2) }; ok ($@ =~ /allow_blessed/);
+$js->allow_blessed;
+ok ($js->encode ($o1) eq "null");
+ok ($js->encode ($o2) eq "null");
+$js->convert_blessed;
+ok ($js->encode ($o1) eq '{"__":""}');
+ok ($js->encode ($o2) eq "null");
+
+$js->filter_json_object (sub { 5 });
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (a => sub { shift });
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (b => sub { 7 });
+
+ok ("ARRAY" eq ref $js->decode ("[]"));
+ok (5 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{}]') });
+ok (6 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":6}]') });
+ok (5 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_object;
+ok (7 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]')->[0]{b});
+ok (3 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":3}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_object (sub { });
+ok (7 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]')->[0]{b});
+ok (9 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":9}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object ("a");
+ok (4 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4}]')->[0]{a});
+
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (a => sub { return; }); # sub {} is not suitable for Perl 5.6
+ok (4 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4}]')->[0]{a});
+
diff --git a/t/13_limit.t b/t/13_limit.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6493733
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/13_limit.t
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 11 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+
+my $def = 512;
+
+my $js = JSON->new;
+local $^W; # to silence Deep recursion warnings
+
+ok (!eval { $js->decode (("[" x ($def + 1)) . ("]" x ($def + 1))) });
+ok (ref $js->decode (("[" x $def) . ("]" x $def)));
+ok (ref $js->decode (("{\"\":" x ($def - 1)) . "[]" . ("}" x ($def - 1))));
+ok (!eval { $js->decode (("{\"\":" x $def) . "[]" . ("}" x $def)) });
+
+ok (ref $js->max_depth (32)->decode (("[" x 32) . ("]" x 32)));
+
+ok ($js->max_depth(1)->encode ([]));
+ok (!eval { $js->encode ([[]]), 1 });
+
+ok ($js->max_depth(2)->encode ([{}]));
+ok (!eval { $js->encode ([[{}]]), 1 });
+
+ok (eval { ref $js->max_size (8)->decode ("[ ]") });
+eval { $js->max_size (8)->decode ("[ ]") }; ok ($@ =~ /max_size/);
+
diff --git a/t/14_latin1.t b/t/14_latin1.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ceda9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/14_latin1.t
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 4 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $pp = JSON->new->latin1->allow_nonref;
+
+ok ($pp->encode ("\x{12}\x{89} ") eq "\"\\u0012\x{89} \"");
+ok ($pp->encode ("\x{12}\x{89}\x{abc}") eq "\"\\u0012\x{89}\\u0abc\"");
+
+ok ($pp->decode ("\"\\u0012\x{89}\"" ) eq "\x{12}\x{89}");
+ok ($pp->decode ("\"\\u0012\x{89}\\u0abc\"") eq "\x{12}\x{89}\x{abc}");
+
diff --git a/t/15_prefix.t b/t/15_prefix.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9c5b2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/15_prefix.t
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 4 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $pp = JSON->new->latin1->allow_nonref;
+
+eval { $pp->decode ("[] ") };
+ok (!$@);
+eval { $pp->decode ("[] x") };
+ok ($@);
+ok (2 == ($pp->decode_prefix ("[][]"))[1]);
+ok (3 == ($pp->decode_prefix ("[1] t"))[1]);
+
diff --git a/t/16_tied.t b/t/16_tied.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2298d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/16_tied.t
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+use Tie::Hash;
+use Tie::Array;
+
+
+my $js = JSON->new;
+
+tie my %h, 'Tie::StdHash';
+%h = (a => 1);
+
+ok ($js->encode (\%h) eq '{"a":1}');
+
+tie my @a, 'Tie::StdArray';
+@a = (1, 2);
+
+ok ($js->encode (\@a) eq '[1,2]');
diff --git a/t/17_relaxed.t b/t/17_relaxed.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01cf81c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/17_relaxed.t
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 8 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use utf8;
+use JSON;
+
+
+my $json = JSON->new->relaxed;
+
+ok ('[1,2,3]' eq encode_json $json->decode (' [1,2, 3]'));
+ok ('[1,2,4]' eq encode_json $json->decode ('[1,2, 4 , ]'));
+ok (!eval { $json->decode ('[1,2, 3,4,,]') });
+ok (!eval { $json->decode ('[,1]') });
+
+ok ('{"1":2}' eq encode_json $json->decode (' {"1":2}'));
+ok ('{"1":2}' eq encode_json $json->decode ('{"1":2,}'));
+ok (!eval { $json->decode ('{,}') });
+
+ok ('[1,2]' eq encode_json $json->decode ("[1#,2\n ,2,# ] \n\t]"));
diff --git a/t/18_json_checker.t b/t/18_json_checker.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4745a95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/18_json_checker.t
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# use the testsuite from http://www.json.org/JSON_checker/
+# except for fail18.json, as we do not support a depth of 20 (but 16 and 32).
+
+use strict;
+no warnings;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 38 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+# emulate JSON_checker default config
+my $json = JSON->new->utf8->max_depth(32)->canonical;
+
+my $vax_float = (pack("d",1) =~ /^[\x80\x10]\x40/);
+
+binmode DATA;
+
+for (;;) {
+ $/ = "\n# ";
+ chomp (my $test = <DATA>)
+ or last;
+ $/ = "\n";
+ my $name = <DATA>;
+ if ($vax_float && $name =~ /pass1.json/) {
+ $test =~ s/\b23456789012E66\b/23456789012E20/;
+ }
+
+ if (my $perl = eval { $json->decode ($test) }) {
+ ok ($name =~ /^pass/, $name);
+ is ($json->encode ($json->decode ($json->encode ($perl))), $json->encode ($perl));
+ } else {
+ ok ($name =~ /^fail/, "$name ($@)");
+ }
+}
+
+__DATA__
+{"Extra value after close": true} "misplaced quoted value"
+# fail10.json
+{"Illegal expression": 1 + 2}
+# fail11.json
+{"Illegal invocation": alert()}
+# fail12.json
+{"Numbers cannot have leading zeroes": 013}
+# fail13.json
+{"Numbers cannot be hex": 0x14}
+# fail14.json
+["Illegal backslash escape: \x15"]
+# fail15.json
+[\naked]
+# fail16.json
+["Illegal backslash escape: \017"]
+# fail17.json
+[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[["Too deep"]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
+# fail18.json
+{"Missing colon" null}
+# fail19.json
+["Unclosed array"
+# fail2.json
+{"Double colon":: null}
+# fail20.json
+{"Comma instead of colon", null}
+# fail21.json
+["Colon instead of comma": false]
+# fail22.json
+["Bad value", truth]
+# fail23.json
+['single quote']
+# fail24.json
+[" tab character in string "]
+# fail25.json
+["tab\ character\ in\ string\ "]
+# fail26.json
+["line
+break"]
+# fail27.json
+["line\
+break"]
+# fail28.json
+[0e]
+# fail29.json
+{unquoted_key: "keys must be quoted"}
+# fail3.json
+[0e+]
+# fail30.json
+[0e+-1]
+# fail31.json
+{"Comma instead if closing brace": true,
+# fail32.json
+["mismatch"}
+# fail33.json
+["extra comma",]
+# fail4.json
+["double extra comma",,]
+# fail5.json
+[ , "<-- missing value"]
+# fail6.json
+["Comma after the close"],
+# fail7.json
+["Extra close"]]
+# fail8.json
+{"Extra comma": true,}
+# fail9.json
+[
+ "JSON Test Pattern pass1",
+ {"object with 1 member":["array with 1 element"]},
+ {},
+ [],
+ -42,
+ true,
+ false,
+ null,
+ {
+ "integer": 1234567890,
+ "real": -9876.543210,
+ "e": 0.123456789e-12,
+ "E": 1.234567890E+34,
+ "": 23456789012E66,
+ "zero": 0,
+ "one": 1,
+ "space": " ",
+ "quote": "\"",
+ "backslash": "\\",
+ "controls": "\b\f\n\r\t",
+ "slash": "/ & \/",
+ "alpha": "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyz",
+ "ALPHA": "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ",
+ "digit": "0123456789",
+ "0123456789": "digit",
+ "special": "`1~!@#$%^&*()_+-={':[,]}|;.</>?",
+ "hex": "\u0123\u4567\u89AB\uCDEF\uabcd\uef4A",
+ "true": true,
+ "false": false,
+ "null": null,
+ "array":[ ],
+ "object":{ },
+ "address": "50 St. James Street",
+ "url": "http://www.JSON.org/",
+ "comment": "// /* <!-- --",
+ "# -- --> */": " ",
+ " s p a c e d " :[1,2 , 3
+
+,
+
+4 , 5 , 6 ,7 ],"compact":[1,2,3,4,5,6,7],
+ "jsontext": "{\"object with 1 member\":[\"array with 1 element\"]}",
+ "quotes": "&#34; \u0022 %22 0x22 034 &#x22;",
+ "\/\\\"\uCAFE\uBABE\uAB98\uFCDE\ubcda\uef4A\b\f\n\r\t`1~!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;:',./<>?"
+: "A key can be any string"
+ },
+ 0.5 ,98.6
+,
+99.44
+,
+
+1066,
+1e1,
+0.1e1,
+1e-1,
+1e00,2e+00,2e-00
+,"rosebud"]
+# pass1.json
+[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[["Not too deep"]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]
+# pass2.json
+{
+ "JSON Test Pattern pass3": {
+ "The outermost value": "must be an object or array.",
+ "In this test": "It is an object."
+ }
+}
+
+# pass3.json
diff --git a/t/19_incr.t b/t/19_incr.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6749fd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/19_incr.t
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+no warnings;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 745 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+sub splitter {
+ my ($coder, $text) = @_;
+
+ # work around hash randomisation bug introduced in 5.18
+ $coder->canonical;
+
+ for (0 .. length $text) {
+ my $a = substr $text, 0, $_;
+ my $b = substr $text, $_;
+
+ $coder->incr_parse ($a);
+ $coder->incr_parse ($b);
+
+ my $data = $coder->incr_parse;
+ #ok (defined $data, "split<$a><$b>");
+ ok (defined $data, "split");
+ my $e1 = $coder->encode ($data);
+ my $e2 = $coder->encode ($coder->decode ($text));
+ #ok ($e1 eq $e2, "data<$a><$b><$e1><$e2>");
+ #ok ($coder->incr_text =~ /^\s*$/, "tailws<$a><$b>");
+ ok ($e1 eq $e2, "data");
+ ok ($coder->incr_text =~ /^\s*$/, "tailws");
+ }
+}
+
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (0), ' ["x\\"","\\u1000\\\\n\\nx",1,{"\\\\" :5 , "": "x"}]';
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (0), '[ "x\\"","\\u1000\\\\n\\nx" , 1,{"\\\\ " :5 , "": " x"} ] ';
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (1), '"test"';
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (1), ' "5" ';
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (1), '-1e5';
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 3 or newer", 33 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 3;
+splitter +JSON->new->allow_nonref (1), ' 0.00E+00 ';
+}
+
+{
+ my $text = '[5],{"":1} , [ 1,2, 3], {"3":null}';
+ my $coder = new JSON;
+ for (0 .. length $text) {
+ my $a = substr $text, 0, $_;
+ my $b = substr $text, $_;
+
+ $coder->incr_parse ($a);
+ $coder->incr_parse ($b);
+
+ my $j1 = $coder->incr_parse; ok ($coder->incr_text =~ s/^\s*,//, "cskip1");
+ my $j2 = $coder->incr_parse; ok ($coder->incr_text =~ s/^\s*,//, "cskip2");
+ my $j3 = $coder->incr_parse; ok ($coder->incr_text =~ s/^\s*,//, "cskip3");
+ my $j4 = $coder->incr_parse; ok ($coder->incr_text !~ s/^\s*,//, "cskip4");
+ my $j5 = $coder->incr_parse; ok ($coder->incr_text !~ s/^\s*,//, "cskip5");
+
+ ok ('[5]' eq encode_json($j1), "cjson1");
+ ok ('{"":1}' eq encode_json($j2), "cjson2");
+ ok ('[1,2,3]' eq encode_json($j3), "cjson3");
+ ok ('{"3":null}' eq encode_json($j4), "cjson4");
+ ok (!defined $j5, "cjson5");
+ }
+}
+
+{
+ my $text = '[x][5]';
+ my $coder = new JSON;
+ $coder->incr_parse ($text);
+ ok (!eval { $coder->incr_parse }, "sparse1");
+ ok (!eval { $coder->incr_parse }, "sparse2");
+ $coder->incr_skip;
+ ok ('[5]' eq $coder->encode (scalar $coder->incr_parse), "sparse3");
+}
+
+{
+ my $coder = JSON->new->max_size (5);
+ ok (!$coder->incr_parse ("[ "), "incsize1");
+ eval { !$coder->incr_parse ("] ") }; ok ($@ =~ /6 bytes/, "incsize2 $@");
+}
+
+{
+ my $coder = JSON->new->max_depth (3);
+ ok (!$coder->incr_parse ("[[["), "incdepth1");
+ eval { !$coder->incr_parse (" [] ") }; ok ($@ =~ /maximum nesting/, "incdepth2 $@");
+}
+
+# contributed by yuval kogman, reformatted to fit style
+{
+ my $coder = JSON->new;
+
+ my $res = eval { $coder->incr_parse("]") };
+ my $e = $@; # test more clobbers $@, we need it twice
+
+ ok (!$res, "unbalanced bracket");
+ ok ($e, "got error");
+ like ($e, qr/malformed/, "malformed json string error");
+
+ $coder->incr_skip;
+
+ is_deeply (eval { $coder->incr_parse("[42]") }, [42], "valid data after incr_skip");
+}
+
+
diff --git a/t/20_faihu.t b/t/20_faihu.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d6a179
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/20_faihu.t
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# adapted from a test by Aristotle Pagaltzis (http://intertwingly.net/blog/2007/11/15/Astral-Plane-Characters-in-Json)
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+BEGIN { if ($] < 5.008) { require Test::More; Test::More::plan(skip_all => "requires Perl 5.8 or later"); } };
+
+use JSON;
+use Encode qw(encode decode);
+
+use Test::More tests => 3;
+
+my ($faihu, $faihu_json, $roundtrip, $js) = "\x{10346}";
+
+$js = JSON->new->allow_nonref->ascii;
+$faihu_json = $js->encode($faihu);
+$roundtrip = $js->decode($faihu_json);
+is ($roundtrip, $faihu, 'JSON in ASCII roundtrips correctly');
+
+$js = JSON->new->allow_nonref->utf8;
+$faihu_json = $js->encode ($faihu);
+$roundtrip = $js->decode ($faihu_json);
+is ($roundtrip, $faihu, 'JSON in UTF-8 roundtrips correctly');
+
+$js = JSON->new->allow_nonref;
+$faihu_json = encode 'UTF-16BE', $js->encode ($faihu);
+$roundtrip = $js->decode( decode 'UTF-16BE', $faihu_json);
+is ($roundtrip, $faihu, 'JSON with external recoding roundtrips correctly' );
diff --git a/t/20_unknown.t b/t/20_unknown.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..921acae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/20_unknown.t
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+use strict;
+
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 10 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+
+use strict;
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+
+eval q| $json->encode( [ sub {} ] ) |;
+ok( $@ =~ /encountered CODE/, $@ );
+
+eval q| $json->encode( [ \-1 ] ) |;
+ok( $@ =~ /cannot encode reference to scalar/, $@ );
+
+eval q| $json->encode( [ \undef ] ) |;
+ok( $@ =~ /cannot encode reference to scalar/, $@ );
+
+eval q| $json->encode( [ \{} ] ) |;
+ok( $@ =~ /cannot encode reference to scalar/, $@ );
+
+$json->allow_unknown;
+
+is( $json->encode( [ sub {} ] ), '[null]' );
+is( $json->encode( [ \-1 ] ), '[null]' );
+is( $json->encode( [ \undef ] ), '[null]' );
+is( $json->encode( [ \{} ] ), '[null]' );
+
+
+SKIP: {
+
+ skip "this test is for Perl 5.8 or later", 2 if( $] < 5.008 );
+
+$json->allow_unknown(0);
+
+my $fh;
+open( $fh, '>hoge.txt' ) or die $!;
+
+eval q| $json->encode( [ $fh ] ) |;
+ok( $@ =~ /encountered GLOB|cannot encode reference to scalar/, $@ );
+
+$json->allow_unknown(1);
+
+is( $json->encode( [ $fh ] ), '[null]' );
+
+close $fh;
+
+unlink('hoge.txt');
+
+}
diff --git a/t/21_evans.t b/t/21_evans.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9136791
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/21_evans.t
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# adapted from a test by Martin Evans
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+print "1..1\n";
+
+my $data = ["\x{53f0}\x{6240}\x{306e}\x{6d41}\x{3057}",
+ "\x{6c60}\x{306e}\x{30ab}\x{30a8}\x{30eb}"];
+my $js = JSON->new->encode ($data);
+my $j = new JSON;
+my $object = $j->incr_parse ($js);
+
+die "no object" if !$object;
+
+eval { $j->incr_text };
+
+print $@ ? "not " : "", "ok 1 # $@\n";
+
diff --git a/t/22_comment_at_eof.t b/t/22_comment_at_eof.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa26dda
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/22_comment_at_eof.t
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+# the original test case was provided by IKEGAMI@cpan.org
+
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+
+use Test::More tests => 13;
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+use Data::Dumper qw( Dumper );
+
+sub decoder {
+ my ($str) = @_;
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->relaxed;
+
+ $json->incr_parse($_[0]);
+
+ my $rv;
+ if (!eval { $rv = $json->incr_parse(); 1 }) {
+ $rv = "died with $@";
+ }
+
+ local $Data::Dumper::Useqq = 1;
+ local $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;
+ local $Data::Dumper::Indent = 0;
+
+ return Dumper($rv);
+}
+
+is( decoder( "[]" ), '[]', 'array baseline' );
+is( decoder( " []" ), '[]', 'space ignored before array' );
+is( decoder( "\n[]" ), '[]', 'newline ignored before array' );
+is( decoder( "# foo\n[]" ), '[]', 'comment ignored before array' );
+is( decoder( "# fo[o\n[]"), '[]', 'comment ignored before array' );
+is( decoder( "# fo]o\n[]"), '[]', 'comment ignored before array' );
+is( decoder( "[# fo]o\n]"), '[]', 'comment ignored inside array' );
+
+is( decoder( "" ), 'undef', 'eof baseline' );
+is( decoder( " " ), 'undef', 'space ignored before eof' );
+is( decoder( "\n" ), 'undef', 'newline ignored before eof' );
+is( decoder( "#,foo\n" ), 'undef', 'comment ignored before eof' );
+is( decoder( "# []o\n" ), 'undef', 'comment ignored before eof' );
+
+is( decoder(qq/#\n[#foo\n"#\\n"#\n]/), '["#\n"]', 'array and string in multiple lines' );
+
diff --git a/t/52_object.t b/t/52_object.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1acf5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/52_object.t
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { $^W = 0 } # hate
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $backend_version = JSON->backend->VERSION; $backend_version =~ s/_//;
+
+plan skip_all => "allow_tags is not supported" if $backend_version < 3;
+
+plan tests => 20;
+
+my $json = JSON->new->convert_blessed->allow_tags->allow_nonref;
+
+ok (1);
+
+sub JSON::tojson::TO_JSON {
+ ok (@_ == 1);
+ ok (JSON::tojson:: eq ref $_[0]);
+ ok ($_[0]{k} == 1);
+ 7
+}
+
+my $obj = bless { k => 1 }, JSON::tojson::;
+
+ok (1);
+
+my $enc = $json->encode ($obj);
+ok ($enc eq 7);
+
+ok (1);
+
+sub JSON::freeze::FREEZE {
+ ok (@_ == 2);
+ ok ($_[1] eq "JSON");
+ ok (JSON::freeze:: eq ref $_[0]);
+ ok ($_[0]{k} == 1);
+ (3, 1, 2)
+}
+
+sub JSON::freeze::THAW {
+ ok (@_ == 5);
+ ok (JSON::freeze:: eq $_[0]);
+ ok ($_[1] eq "JSON");
+ ok ($_[2] == 3);
+ ok ($_[3] == 1);
+ ok ($_[4] == 2);
+ 777
+}
+
+my $obj = bless { k => 1 }, JSON::freeze::;
+my $enc = $json->encode ($obj);
+ok ($enc eq '("JSON::freeze")[3,1,2]');
+
+my $dec = $json->decode ($enc);
+ok ($dec eq 777);
+
+ok (1);
+
diff --git a/t/99_binary.t b/t/99_binary.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c19c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/99_binary.t
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+# copied over from JSON::XS and modified to use JSON
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 24576 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+
+sub test($) {
+ my $js;
+
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0)->utf8->ascii->shrink->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq ((decode_json $js)->[0]), " - 0");
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0)->utf8->ascii->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq (JSON->new->utf8->shrink->decode($js))->[0], " - 1");
+
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0)->utf8->shrink->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq ((decode_json $js)->[0]), " - 2");
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(1)->utf8->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq (JSON->new->utf8->shrink->decode($js))->[0], " - 3");
+
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(1)->ascii->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq JSON->new->decode ($js)->[0], " - 4");
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0)->ascii->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq JSON->new->shrink->decode ($js)->[0], " - 5");
+
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(1)->shrink->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq JSON->new->decode ($js)->[0], " - 6");
+ $js = JSON->new->allow_nonref(0)->encode ([$_[0]]);
+ ok ($_[0] eq JSON->new->shrink->decode ($js)->[0], " - 7");
+}
+
+srand 0; # doesn't help too much, but its at least more deterministic
+
+for (1..768) {
+ test join "", map chr ($_ & 255), 0..$_;
+ test join "", map chr rand 255, 0..$_;
+ test join "", map chr ($_ * 97 & ~0x4000), 0..$_;
+ test join "", map chr (rand (2**20) & ~0x800), 0..$_;
+}
+
diff --git a/t/e00_func.t b/t/e00_func.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f091a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e00_func.t
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON;
+#########################
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+
+my $js = 'abc';
+
+
+is(to_json($js, {allow_nonref => 1}), '"abc"');
+
+is(from_json('"abc"', {allow_nonref => 1}), 'abc');
+
diff --git a/t/e01_property.t b/t/e01_property.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce3125c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e01_property.t
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my @simples =
+ qw/ascii latin1 utf8 indent canonical space_before space_after allow_nonref shrink allow_blessed
+ convert_blessed relaxed
+ /;
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+
+# JSON::XS/JSON::PP 4.0 allow nonref by default
+my $allow_nonref_by_default = $json->allow_nonref;
+
+my $has_allow_tags = 0;
+if ($json->can('allow_tags') and !ref $json->allow_tags) {
+ push @simples, 'allow_tags';
+ $has_allow_tags = 1;
+}
+
+plan tests => 90 + $has_allow_tags * 7;
+
+for my $name (@simples) {
+ my $method = 'get_' . $name;
+ if ($name eq 'allow_nonref' and $allow_nonref_by_default) {
+ ok( $json->$method(), $method . ' default');
+ } else {
+ ok(! $json->$method(), $method . ' default');
+ }
+ $json->$name();
+ ok($json->$method(), $method . ' set true');
+ $json->$name(0);
+ ok(! $json->$method(), $method . ' set false');
+ $json->$name();
+ ok($json->$method(), $method . ' set true again');
+}
+
+ok($json->get_max_depth == 512, 'get_max_depth default');
+$json->max_depth(7);
+ok($json->get_max_depth == 7, 'get_max_depth set 7 => 7');
+$json->max_depth();
+ok($json->get_max_depth != 0, 'get_max_depth no arg');
+
+
+ok($json->get_max_size == 0, 'get_max_size default');
+$json->max_size(7);
+ok($json->get_max_size == 7, 'get_max_size set 7 => 7');
+$json->max_size();
+ok($json->get_max_size == 0, 'get_max_size no arg');
+
+
+for my $name (@simples) {
+ $json->$name();
+ ok($json->property($name), $name);
+ $json->$name(0);
+ ok(! $json->property($name), $name);
+ $json->$name();
+ ok($json->property($name), $name);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/t/e02_bool.t b/t/e02_bool.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06e8dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e02_bool.t
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+use strict;
+
+use Test::More;
+use strict;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 8 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+
+diag $json->backend->isa('JSON::PP');
+my $not_not_a_number_is_a_number = (
+ $json->backend->isa('Cpanel::JSON::XS') ||
+ ($json->backend->isa('JSON::PP') && ($JSON::PP::Boolean::VERSION || $JSON::backportPP::Boolean::VERSION))
+) ? 1 : 0;
+
+is($json->encode([!1]), '[""]');
+if ($not_not_a_number_is_a_number) {
+is($json->encode([!!2]), '[1]');
+} else {
+is($json->encode([!!2]), '["1"]');
+}
+
+is($json->encode([ 'a' eq 'b' ]), '[""]');
+if ($not_not_a_number_is_a_number) {
+is($json->encode([ 'a' eq 'a' ]), '[1]');
+} else {
+is($json->encode([ 'a' eq 'a' ]), '["1"]');
+}
+
+is($json->encode([ ('a' eq 'b') + 1 ]), '[1]');
+is($json->encode([ ('a' eq 'a') + 1 ]), '[2]');
+
+# discard overload hack for JSON::XS 3.0 boolean class
+#ok(JSON::true eq 'true');
+#ok(JSON::true eq '1');
+ok(JSON::true == 1);
+isa_ok(JSON::true, 'JSON::PP::Boolean');
+#isa_ok(JSON::true, 'JSON::Boolean');
+
+
+
diff --git a/t/e03_bool2.t b/t/e03_bool2.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23ffc72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e03_bool2.t
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 16 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON;
+
+is(to_json([JSON::true]), q|[true]|);
+is(to_json([JSON::false]), q|[false]|);
+is(to_json([JSON::null]), q|[null]|);
+
+my $jsontext = q|[true,false,null]|;
+my $obj = from_json($jsontext);
+#push @JSON::backportPP::Boolean::ISA, 'JSON::Boolean';
+isa_ok($obj->[0], 'JSON::PP::Boolean');
+isa_ok($obj->[1], 'JSON::PP::Boolean');
+ok(!defined $obj->[2], 'null is undef');
+
+ok($obj->[0] == 1);
+ok($obj->[0] != 0);
+ok($obj->[1] == 0);
+ok($obj->[1] != 1);
+# discard overload hack for JSON::XS 3.0 boolean class
+#ok($obj->[0] eq 'true', 'eq true');
+#ok($obj->[0] ne 'false', 'ne false');
+#ok($obj->[1] eq 'false', 'eq false');
+#ok($obj->[1] ne 'true', 'ne true');
+
+ok($obj->[0] eq $obj->[0]);
+ok($obj->[0] ne $obj->[1]);
+
+#ok(JSON::true eq 'true');
+#ok(JSON::true ne 'false');
+#ok(JSON::true ne 'null');
+#ok(JSON::false eq 'false');
+#ok(JSON::false ne 'true');
+#ok(JSON::false ne 'null');
+ok(!defined JSON::null);
+
+is(from_json('[true]' )->[0], JSON::true);
+is(from_json('[false]')->[0], JSON::false);
+is(from_json('[null]' )->[0], JSON::null);
+
diff --git a/t/e11_conv_blessed_univ.t b/t/e11_conv_blessed_univ.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e338f6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e11_conv_blessed_univ.t
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 7 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON -convert_blessed_universally;
+
+ok( !MyTest->can('TO_JSON') );
+ok( MyTest2->can('TO_JSON') );
+
+my $obj = MyTest->new( [ 1, 2, {foo => 'bar'} ] );
+
+$obj->[3] = MyTest2->new( { a => 'b' } );
+
+my $json = JSON->new->allow_blessed->convert_blessed;
+
+is( $json->encode( $obj ), '[1,2,{"foo":"bar"},"hoge"]' );
+
+$json->convert_blessed(0);
+
+is( $json->encode( $obj ), 'null' );
+
+$json->allow_blessed(0)->convert_blessed(1);
+
+is( $json->encode( $obj ), '[1,2,{"foo":"bar"},"hoge"]' );
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "only works with 5.18+", 1 if $] < 5.018;
+ ok( !MyTest->can('TO_JSON') );
+}
+ok( MyTest2->can('TO_JSON') );
+
+package MyTest;
+
+sub new {
+ bless $_[1], $_[0];
+}
+
+
+
+package MyTest2;
+
+sub new {
+ bless $_[1], $_[0];
+}
+
+sub TO_JSON {
+ "hoge";
+}
+
diff --git a/t/e90_misc.t b/t/e90_misc.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b635a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/e90_misc.t
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More tests => 4;
+
+BEGIN {
+ $ENV{ PERL_JSON_BACKEND } ||= 'JSON::backportPP';
+}
+
+use JSON;
+
+# reported by https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=68359
+
+eval { JSON->to_json( 5, { allow_nonref => 1 } ) };
+ok($@);
+
+is( q{"5"}, JSON::to_json( "5", { allow_nonref => 1 } ) );
+is( q{5}, JSON::to_json( 5, { allow_nonref => 1 } ) );
+is( q{"JSON"}, JSON::to_json( 'JSON', { allow_nonref => 1 } ) );
diff --git a/t/gh_28_json_test_suite.t b/t/gh_28_json_test_suite.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f7401
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/gh_28_json_test_suite.t
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+# the following test cases are taken from JSONTestSuite
+# by Nicolas Seriot (https://github.com/nst/JSONTestSuite)
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => 'this test is for Perl 5.8 or later' if $] < 5.008; }
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 20 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} = "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $DECODER = JSON->new->utf8->allow_nonref;
+
+# n_multidigit_number_then_00
+decode_should_fail(qq!123\x00!);
+
+# number_-01
+decode_should_fail(qq![-01]!);
+
+# number_neg_int_starting_with_zero
+decode_should_fail(qq![-012]!);
+
+# n_object_trailing_comment
+decode_should_fail(qq!{"a":"b"}/**/!);
+
+# n_object_trailing_comment_slash_open
+decode_should_fail(qq!{"a":"b"}//!);
+
+# n_structure_null-byte-outside-sting
+decode_should_fail(qq![\x00]!);
+
+# n_structure_object_with_comment
+decode_should_fail(qq!{"a":/*comment*/"b"}!);
+
+# n_structure_whitespace_formfeed
+decode_should_fail(qq![\0x0c]!);
+
+# y_string_utf16BE_no_BOM
+decode_should_pass(qq!\x00[\x00"\x00\xE9\x00"\x00]!);
+
+# y_string_utf16LE_no_BOM
+decode_should_pass(qq![\x00"\x00\xE9\x00"\x00]\x00!);
+
+sub decode_should_pass {
+ my $json = shift;
+ my $result = eval { $DECODER->decode($json); };
+ ok !$@, $@ || '';
+ ok defined $result;
+}
+
+sub decode_should_fail {
+ my $json = shift;
+ my $result = eval { $DECODER->decode($json); };
+ ok $@, $@ || '';
+ ok !defined $result;
+}
diff --git a/t/gh_29_trailing_false_value.t b/t/gh_29_trailing_false_value.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a42bb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/gh_29_trailing_false_value.t
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer", 1 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 2.90;
+ eval { JSON->new->decode('{}0') };
+ ok $@;
+}
diff --git a/t/rt_116998_wrong_character_offset.t b/t/rt_116998_wrong_character_offset.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b9c0c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/rt_116998_wrong_character_offset.t
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 4 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON;
+
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer", 1 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 2.90;
+eval { decode_json(qq({"foo":{"bar":42})) };
+like $@ => qr/offset 17/; # 16
+}
+
+eval { decode_json(qq(["foo",{"bar":42})) };
+like $@ => qr/offset 17/;
+
+SKIP: { skip "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer", 1 if $JSON::BackendModulePP and eval $JSON::BackendModulePP->VERSION < 2.90;
+eval { decode_json(qq(["foo",{"bar":42}"])) };
+like $@ => qr/offset 17/; # 18
+}
+
+eval { decode_json(qq({"foo":{"bar":42}"})) };
+like $@ => qr/offset 17/;
+
diff --git a/t/rt_90071_incr_parse.t b/t/rt_90071_incr_parse.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c45de15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/rt_90071_incr_parse.t
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+use JSON;
+
+BEGIN { plan skip_all => "requires $JSON::BackendModule 2.90 or newer" if JSON->backend->is_pp and eval $JSON::BackendModule->VERSION < 2.90 }
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+my $kb = 'a' x 1024;
+my $hash = { map { $_ => $kb } (1..40) };
+my $data = join ( '', $json->encode($hash), $json->encode($hash) );
+my $size = length($data);
+# note "Total size: [$size]";
+my $offset = 0;
+while ($size) {
+ # note "Bytes left [$size]";
+ my $incr = substr($data, $offset, 4096);
+ my $bytes = length($incr);
+ $size -= $bytes;
+ $offset += $bytes;
+ if ($bytes) {
+ $json->incr_parse($incr);
+ }
+ while( my $obj = $json->incr_parse ) {
+ ok "Got JSON object";
+ }
+}
diff --git a/t/x00_load.t b/t/x00_load.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f325c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/x00_load.t
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 1, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+ diag("load JSON::XS v." . JSON->backend->VERSION );
+ ok(1, "load JSON::XS v." . JSON->backend->VERSION );
+}
+
diff --git a/t/x02_error.t b/t/x02_error.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02cb142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/x02_error.t
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 31 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+local $^W;
+
+use utf8;
+use JSON;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 31, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\-1]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\undef]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\2]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\{}]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\[]]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+eval { JSON->new->encode ([\\1]) }; ok $@ =~ /cannot encode reference/;
+
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\u1234\udc00"') }; ok $@ =~ /missing high /;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('"\ud800"') }; ok $@ =~ /missing low /;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('"\ud800\u1234"') }; ok $@ =~ /surrogate pair /;
+
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (0)->decode ('null') }; ok $@ =~ /allow_nonref/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('+0') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('.2') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('bare') }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('naughty') }; ok $@ =~ /null/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('01') }; ok $@ =~ /leading zero/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('00') }; ok $@ =~ /leading zero/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-0.') }; ok $@ =~ /decimal point/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ('-0e') }; ok $@ =~ /exp sign/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ('-e+1') }; ok $@ =~ /initial minus/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref->decode ("\"\n\"") }; ok $@ =~ /invalid character/;
+eval { JSON->new->allow_nonref (1)->decode ("\"\x01\"") }; ok $@ =~ /invalid character/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('[5') }; ok $@ =~ /parsing array/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('{"5"') }; ok $@ =~ /':' expected/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode ('{"5":null') }; ok $@ =~ /parsing object/;
+
+eval { JSON->new->decode (undef) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (\5) }; ok !!$@; # Can't coerce readonly
+eval { JSON->new->decode ([]) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (\*STDERR) }; ok $@ =~ /malformed/;
+eval { JSON->new->decode (*STDERR) }; ok !!$@; # cannot coerce GLOB
+
+# differences between JSON::XS and JSON::PP
+
+eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0") }; ok $@ =~ /malformed.*character/;
+eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0\"") }; ok $@ =~ /malformed.*character/;
+
+#eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0") }; ok $@ =~ /JSON text must be an object or array/;
+#eval { decode_json ("\"\xa0\"") }; ok $@ =~ /JSON text must be an object or array/;
+
+}
diff --git a/t/x12_blessed.t b/t/x12_blessed.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38edaf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/x12_blessed.t
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 16 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 16, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+my $o1 = bless { a => 3 }, "XX";
+my $o2 = bless \(my $dummy = 1), "YY";
+
+sub XX::TO_JSON {
+ {'__',""}
+}
+
+my $js = JSON->new;
+
+eval { $js->encode ($o1) }; ok ($@ =~ /allow_blessed/);
+eval { $js->encode ($o2) }; ok ($@ =~ /allow_blessed/);
+$js->allow_blessed;
+ok ($js->encode ($o1) eq "null");
+ok ($js->encode ($o2) eq "null");
+$js->convert_blessed;
+ok ($js->encode ($o1) eq '{"__":""}');
+
+ok ($js->encode ($o2) eq "null");
+
+$js->filter_json_object (sub { 5 });
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (a => sub { shift });
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (b => sub { 7 });
+
+ok ("ARRAY" eq ref $js->decode ("[]"));
+ok (5 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{}]') });
+ok (6 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":6}]') });
+ok (5 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_object;
+ok (7 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]')->[0]{b});
+ok (3 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":3}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_object (sub { });
+ok (7 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4,"b":7}]')->[0]{b});
+ok (9 eq join ":", @{ $js->decode ('[{"a":9}]') });
+
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object ("a");
+ok (4 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4}]')->[0]{a});
+
+$js->filter_json_single_key_object (a => sub {});
+ok (4 == $js->decode ('[{"a":4}]')->[0]{a});
+
+}
diff --git a/t/x16_tied.t b/t/x16_tied.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7da67fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/x16_tied.t
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON;
+use Tie::Hash;
+use Tie::Array;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 2, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+my $js = JSON->new;
+
+tie my %h, 'Tie::StdHash';
+%h = (a => 1);
+
+ok ($js->encode (\%h) eq '{"a":1}');
+
+tie my @a, 'Tie::StdArray';
+@a = (1, 2);
+
+ok ($js->encode (\@a) eq '[1,2]');
+
+}
diff --git a/t/x17_strange_overload.t b/t/x17_strange_overload.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4405fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/x17_strange_overload.t
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "for JSON::XS 3.x. cimpatible. Please see to Changes.", 2;
+
+ eval q{
+ use JSON::XS;
+ use JSON ();
+ };
+
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 2, if $@;
+ skip "JSON::XS version < " . JSON->require_xs_version, 2
+ if JSON::XS->VERSION < JSON->require_xs_version;
+
+ is("" . JSON::XS::true(), 'true');
+ is("" . JSON::true(), 'true');
+}
+
diff --git a/t/xe04_escape_slash.t b/t/xe04_escape_slash.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eeeaad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe04_escape_slash.t
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 3 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 3, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+
+
+is($json->escape_slash(0)->allow_nonref->encode("/"), '"/"');
+is($json->escape_slash(1)->allow_nonref->encode("/"), '"\/"');
+is($json->escape_slash(0)->allow_nonref->encode("/"), '"/"');
+
+
+}
+__END__
+
diff --git a/t/xe05_indent_length.t b/t/xe05_indent_length.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7493b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe05_indent_length.t
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 7 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 7, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+
+
+is($json->indent_length(2)->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[1,{"foo":"bar"},"1","/"]|);
+
+is($json->indent->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[
+ 1,
+ {
+ "foo":"bar"
+ },
+ "1",
+ "/"
+]
+|);
+
+
+is($json->escape_slash(1)->pretty->indent_length(2)->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[
+ 1,
+ {
+ "foo" : "bar"
+ },
+ "1",
+ "\\/"
+]
+|);
+
+
+is($json->escape_slash(1)->pretty->indent_length(3)->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[
+ 1,
+ {
+ "foo" : "bar"
+ },
+ "1",
+ "\\/"
+]
+|);
+
+is($json->escape_slash(1)->pretty->indent_length(15)->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[
+ 1,
+ {
+ "foo" : "bar"
+ },
+ "1",
+ "\\/"
+]
+|);
+
+
+is($json->indent_length(0)->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[
+1,
+{
+"foo" : "bar"
+},
+"1",
+"\\/"
+]
+|);
+
+is($json->indent(0)->space_before(0)->space_after(0)->escape_slash(0)
+ ->encode([1,{foo => 'bar'}, "1", "/"]), qq|[1,{"foo":"bar"},"1","/"]|);
+
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/t/xe12_boolean.t b/t/xe12_boolean.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3513102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe12_boolean.t
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 4 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 4, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+my $json = new JSON;
+my $bool = $json->allow_nonref->decode('true');
+
+# it's normal
+isa_ok( $bool, 'JSON::PP::Boolean' );
+is( $json->encode([ JSON::true ]), '[true]' );
+
+# make XS non support flag enable!
+$bool = $json->allow_singlequote->decode('true');
+
+isa_ok( $bool, 'JSON::PP::Boolean' );
+is( $json->encode([ JSON::true ]), '[true]' );
+
+}
+
+__END__
diff --git a/t/xe19_xs_and_suportbypp.t b/t/xe19_xs_and_suportbypp.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d2467d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe19_xs_and_suportbypp.t
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+# https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=52847
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 2 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 2, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+ my $json = JSON->new->allow_barekey;
+
+note explain test($json, q!{foo:"foo"}!);
+ for (1..2) {
+ is_deeply( test($json, q!{foo:"foo"}! ), {foo=>'foo'} );
+ JSON->new->allow_singlequote(0);
+ }
+}
+
+
+sub test {
+ my ($coder, $str) = @_;
+ my $rv;
+ return $rv if eval { $rv = $coder->decode($str); 1 };
+ chomp( my $e = $@ );
+ return "died with \"$e\"";
+};
+
+
+
diff --git a/t/xe20_croak_message.t b/t/xe20_croak_message.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71621c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe20_croak_message.t
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# https://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Display.html?id=61708
+
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1; }
+
+use JSON -support_by_pp;
+#use JSON; # currently it can't pass with -support_by_pp;
+
+
+SKIP: {
+ skip "can't use JSON::XS.", 1, unless( JSON->backend->is_xs );
+
+ my $json = JSON->new;
+
+ my $res = eval q{ $json->encode( undef ) };
+ my $error = $@;
+
+ # JSON::XS/JSON::PP 4.0 allow nonref by default
+ if ($json->get_allow_nonref) {
+ is $res => 'null';
+ } else {
+ like( $error, qr/line 1\./ );
+ }
+}
+
diff --git a/t/xe21_is_pp.t b/t/xe21_is_pp.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4106b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/xe21_is_pp.t
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+
+BEGIN { plan tests => 5 };
+
+BEGIN {
+ $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= 1;
+}
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new();
+
+ok( $json->backend, 'backend is ' . $json->backend );
+
+if ( $json->backend->is_xs ) {
+ ok (!JSON->is_pp(), 'JSON->is_pp()');
+ ok ( JSON->is_xs(), 'JSON->is_xs()');
+ ok (!$json->is_pp(), '$json->is_pp()');
+ ok ( $json->is_xs(), '$json->is_xs()');
+}
+else {
+ ok ( JSON->is_pp(), 'JSON->is_pp()');
+ ok (!JSON->is_xs(), 'JSON->is_xs()');
+ ok ( $json->is_pp(), '$json->is_pp()');
+ ok (!$json->is_xs(), '$json->is_xs()');
+}
+
diff --git a/t/zero-mojibake.t b/t/zero-mojibake.t
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72c48f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/zero-mojibake.t
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+use strict;
+use Test::More;
+BEGIN { plan tests => 1 };
+
+BEGIN { $ENV{PERL_JSON_BACKEND} ||= "JSON::backportPP"; }
+
+use JSON;
+
+my $json = JSON->new;
+
+my $input = q[
+{
+ "dynamic_config" : 0,
+ "x_contributors" : [
+ "大沢 和宏",
+ "Ævar Arnfjörð"
+ ]
+}
+];
+eval { $json->decode($input) };
+is $@, '', 'decodes 0 with mojibake without error';