/* Loop unswitching. Copyright (C) 2004-2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This file is part of GCC. GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) any later version. GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with GCC; see the file COPYING3. If not see . */ #include "config.h" #include "system.h" #include "coretypes.h" #include "backend.h" #include "tree.h" #include "gimple.h" #include "tree-pass.h" #include "ssa.h" #include "fold-const.h" #include "gimplify.h" #include "tree-cfg.h" #include "tree-ssa.h" #include "tree-ssa-loop-niter.h" #include "tree-ssa-loop.h" #include "tree-into-ssa.h" #include "cfgloop.h" #include "params.h" #include "tree-inline.h" #include "gimple-iterator.h" #include "cfghooks.h" /* This file implements the loop unswitching, i.e. transformation of loops like while (A) { if (inv) B; X; if (!inv) C; } where inv is the loop invariant, into if (inv) { while (A) { B; X; } } else { while (A) { X; C; } } Inv is considered invariant iff the values it compares are both invariant; tree-ssa-loop-im.c ensures that all the suitable conditions are in this shape. */ static struct loop *tree_unswitch_loop (struct loop *, basic_block, tree); static bool tree_unswitch_single_loop (struct loop *, int); static tree tree_may_unswitch_on (basic_block, struct loop *); static bool tree_unswitch_outer_loop (struct loop *); static edge find_loop_guard (struct loop *); static bool empty_bb_without_guard_p (struct loop *, basic_block); static bool used_outside_loop_p (struct loop *, tree); static void hoist_guard (struct loop *, edge); static bool check_exit_phi (struct loop *); static tree get_vop_from_header (struct loop *); /* Main entry point. Perform loop unswitching on all suitable loops. */ unsigned int tree_ssa_unswitch_loops (void) { struct loop *loop; bool changed = false; /* Go through all loops starting from innermost. */ FOR_EACH_LOOP (loop, LI_FROM_INNERMOST) { if (!loop->inner) /* Unswitch innermost loop. */ changed |= tree_unswitch_single_loop (loop, 0); else changed |= tree_unswitch_outer_loop (loop); } if (changed) return TODO_cleanup_cfg; return 0; } /* Checks whether we can unswitch LOOP on condition at end of BB -- one of its basic blocks (for what it means see comments below). */ static tree tree_may_unswitch_on (basic_block bb, struct loop *loop) { gimple *last, *def; gcond *stmt; tree cond, use; basic_block def_bb; ssa_op_iter iter; /* BB must end in a simple conditional jump. */ last = last_stmt (bb); if (!last || gimple_code (last) != GIMPLE_COND) return NULL_TREE; stmt = as_a (last); /* To keep the things simple, we do not directly remove the conditions, but just replace tests with 0 != 0 resp. 1 != 0. Prevent the infinite loop where we would unswitch again on such a condition. */ if (gimple_cond_true_p (stmt) || gimple_cond_false_p (stmt)) return NULL_TREE; /* Condition must be invariant. */ FOR_EACH_SSA_TREE_OPERAND (use, stmt, iter, SSA_OP_USE) { /* Unswitching on undefined values would introduce undefined behavior that the original program might never exercise. */ if (ssa_undefined_value_p (use, true)) return NULL_TREE; def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (use); def_bb = gimple_bb (def); if (def_bb && flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, def_bb)) return NULL_TREE; } cond = build2 (gimple_cond_code (stmt), boolean_type_node, gimple_cond_lhs (stmt), gimple_cond_rhs (stmt)); return cond; } /* Simplifies COND using checks in front of the entry of the LOOP. Just very simplish (sufficient to prevent us from duplicating loop in unswitching unnecessarily). */ static tree simplify_using_entry_checks (struct loop *loop, tree cond) { edge e = loop_preheader_edge (loop); gimple *stmt; while (1) { stmt = last_stmt (e->src); if (stmt && gimple_code (stmt) == GIMPLE_COND && gimple_cond_code (stmt) == TREE_CODE (cond) && operand_equal_p (gimple_cond_lhs (stmt), TREE_OPERAND (cond, 0), 0) && operand_equal_p (gimple_cond_rhs (stmt), TREE_OPERAND (cond, 1), 0)) return (e->flags & EDGE_TRUE_VALUE ? boolean_true_node : boolean_false_node); if (!single_pred_p (e->src)) return cond; e = single_pred_edge (e->src); if (e->src == ENTRY_BLOCK_PTR_FOR_FN (cfun)) return cond; } } /* Unswitch single LOOP. NUM is number of unswitchings done; we do not allow it to grow too much, it is too easy to create example on that the code would grow exponentially. */ static bool tree_unswitch_single_loop (struct loop *loop, int num) { basic_block *bbs; struct loop *nloop; unsigned i, found; tree cond = NULL_TREE; gimple *stmt; bool changed = false; HOST_WIDE_INT iterations; /* Perform initial tests if unswitch is eligible. */ if (num == 0) { /* Do not unswitch in cold regions. */ if (optimize_loop_for_size_p (loop)) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching cold loops\n"); return false; } /* The loop should not be too large, to limit code growth. */ if (tree_num_loop_insns (loop, &eni_size_weights) > (unsigned) PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_INSNS)) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, loop too big\n"); return false; } /* If the loop is not expected to iterate, there is no need for unswitching. */ iterations = estimated_loop_iterations_int (loop); if (iterations >= 0 && iterations <= 1) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, loop is not expected" " to iterate\n"); return false; } } i = 0; bbs = get_loop_body (loop); found = loop->num_nodes; while (1) { /* Find a bb to unswitch on. */ for (; i < loop->num_nodes; i++) if ((cond = tree_may_unswitch_on (bbs[i], loop))) break; if (i == loop->num_nodes) { if (dump_file && num > PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_LEVEL) && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching anymore, hit max level\n"); if (found == loop->num_nodes) { free (bbs); return changed; } break; } cond = simplify_using_entry_checks (loop, cond); stmt = last_stmt (bbs[i]); if (integer_nonzerop (cond)) { /* Remove false path. */ gimple_cond_set_condition_from_tree (as_a (stmt), boolean_true_node); changed = true; } else if (integer_zerop (cond)) { /* Remove true path. */ gimple_cond_set_condition_from_tree (as_a (stmt), boolean_false_node); changed = true; } /* Do not unswitch too much. */ else if (num > PARAM_VALUE (PARAM_MAX_UNSWITCH_LEVEL)) { i++; continue; } /* In nested tree_unswitch_single_loop first optimize all conditions using entry checks, then discover still reachable blocks in the loop and find the condition only among those still reachable bbs. */ else if (num != 0) { if (found == loop->num_nodes) found = i; i++; continue; } else { found = i; break; } update_stmt (stmt); i++; } if (num != 0) { basic_block *tos, *worklist; /* When called recursively, first do a quick discovery of reachable bbs after the above changes and only consider conditions in still reachable bbs. */ tos = worklist = XNEWVEC (basic_block, loop->num_nodes); for (i = 0; i < loop->num_nodes; i++) bbs[i]->flags &= ~BB_REACHABLE; /* Start with marking header. */ *tos++ = bbs[0]; bbs[0]->flags |= BB_REACHABLE; /* Iterate: find everything reachable from what we've already seen within the same innermost loop. Don't look through false edges if condition is always true or true edges if condition is always false. */ while (tos != worklist) { basic_block b = *--tos; edge e; edge_iterator ei; int flags = 0; if (EDGE_COUNT (b->succs) == 2) { gimple *stmt = last_stmt (b); if (stmt && gimple_code (stmt) == GIMPLE_COND) { gcond *cond_stmt = as_a (stmt); if (gimple_cond_true_p (cond_stmt)) flags = EDGE_FALSE_VALUE; else if (gimple_cond_false_p (cond_stmt)) flags = EDGE_TRUE_VALUE; } } FOR_EACH_EDGE (e, ei, b->succs) { basic_block dest = e->dest; if (dest->loop_father == loop && !(dest->flags & BB_REACHABLE) && !(e->flags & flags)) { *tos++ = dest; dest->flags |= BB_REACHABLE; } } } free (worklist); /* Find a bb to unswitch on. */ for (; found < loop->num_nodes; found++) if ((bbs[found]->flags & BB_REACHABLE) && (cond = tree_may_unswitch_on (bbs[found], loop))) break; if (found == loop->num_nodes) { free (bbs); return changed; } } if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Unswitching loop\n"); initialize_original_copy_tables (); /* Unswitch the loop on this condition. */ nloop = tree_unswitch_loop (loop, bbs[found], cond); if (!nloop) { free_original_copy_tables (); free (bbs); return changed; } /* Update the SSA form after unswitching. */ update_ssa (TODO_update_ssa); free_original_copy_tables (); /* Invoke itself on modified loops. */ tree_unswitch_single_loop (nloop, num + 1); tree_unswitch_single_loop (loop, num + 1); free (bbs); return true; } /* Unswitch a LOOP w.r. to given basic block UNSWITCH_ON. We only support unswitching of innermost loops. COND is the condition determining which loop is entered -- the new loop is entered if COND is true. Returns NULL if impossible, new loop otherwise. */ static struct loop * tree_unswitch_loop (struct loop *loop, basic_block unswitch_on, tree cond) { unsigned prob_true; edge edge_true, edge_false; /* Some sanity checking. */ gcc_assert (flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, unswitch_on)); gcc_assert (EDGE_COUNT (unswitch_on->succs) == 2); gcc_assert (loop->inner == NULL); extract_true_false_edges_from_block (unswitch_on, &edge_true, &edge_false); prob_true = edge_true->probability; return loop_version (loop, unshare_expr (cond), NULL, prob_true, prob_true, REG_BR_PROB_BASE - prob_true, false); } /* Unswitch outer loops by hoisting invariant guard on inner loop without code duplication. */ static bool tree_unswitch_outer_loop (struct loop *loop) { edge exit, guard; HOST_WIDE_INT iterations; gcc_assert (loop->inner); if (loop->inner->next) return false; /* Accept loops with single exit only which is not from inner loop. */ exit = single_exit (loop); if (!exit || exit->src->loop_father != loop) return false; /* Check that phi argument of exit edge is not defined inside loop. */ if (!check_exit_phi (loop)) return false; /* If the loop is not expected to iterate, there is no need for unswitching. */ iterations = estimated_loop_iterations_int (loop); if (iterations >= 0 && iterations <= 1) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, ";; Not unswitching, loop is not expected" " to iterate\n"); return false; } guard = find_loop_guard (loop); if (guard) { hoist_guard (loop, guard); update_ssa (TODO_update_ssa); return true; } return false; } /* Checks if the body of the LOOP is within an invariant guard. If this is the case, returns the edge that jumps over the real body of the loop, otherwise returns NULL. */ static edge find_loop_guard (struct loop *loop) { basic_block header = loop->header; edge guard_edge, te, fe; basic_block *body = NULL; unsigned i; tree use; ssa_op_iter iter; /* We check for the following situation: while (1) { [header]] loop_phi_nodes; something1; if (cond1) body; nvar = phi(orig, bvar) ... for all variables changed in body; [guard_end] something2; if (cond2) break; something3; } where: 1) cond1 is loop invariant 2) If cond1 is false, then the loop is essentially empty; i.e., a) nothing in something1, something2 and something3 has side effects b) anything defined in something1, something2 and something3 is not used outside of the loop. */ while (single_succ_p (header)) header = single_succ (header); if (!last_stmt (header) || gimple_code (last_stmt (header)) != GIMPLE_COND) return NULL; extract_true_false_edges_from_block (header, &te, &fe); if (!flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, te->dest) || !flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, fe->dest)) return NULL; if (just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, te->dest) || (single_succ_p (te->dest) && just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, single_succ (te->dest)))) { if (just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, fe->dest)) return NULL; guard_edge = te; } else if (just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, fe->dest) || (single_succ_p (fe->dest) && just_once_each_iteration_p (loop, single_succ (fe->dest)))) guard_edge = fe; else return NULL; /* Guard edge must skip inner loop. */ if (!dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, loop->inner->header, guard_edge == fe ? te->dest : fe->dest)) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, "Guard edge %d --> %d is not around the loop!\n", guard_edge->src->index, guard_edge->dest->index); return NULL; } if (guard_edge->dest == loop->latch) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, "Guard edge destination is loop latch.\n"); return NULL; } if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, "Considering guard %d -> %d in loop %d\n", guard_edge->src->index, guard_edge->dest->index, loop->num); /* Check if condition operands do not have definitions inside loop since any bb copying is not performed. */ FOR_EACH_SSA_TREE_OPERAND (use, last_stmt (header), iter, SSA_OP_USE) { gimple *def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (use); basic_block def_bb = gimple_bb (def); if (def_bb && flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, def_bb)) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, " guard operands have definitions" " inside loop\n"); return NULL; } } body = get_loop_body (loop); for (i = 0; i < loop->num_nodes; i++) { basic_block bb = body[i]; if (bb->loop_father != loop) continue; if (bb->flags & BB_IRREDUCIBLE_LOOP) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, "Block %d is marked as irreducible in loop\n", bb->index); guard_edge = NULL; goto end; } if (!empty_bb_without_guard_p (loop, bb)) { if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, " block %d has side effects\n", bb->index); guard_edge = NULL; goto end; } } if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, " suitable to hoist\n"); end: if (body) free (body); return guard_edge; } /* Returns true if 1) no statement in BB has side effects 2) assuming that edge GUARD is always taken, all definitions in BB are noy used outside of the loop. KNOWN_INVARIANTS is a set of ssa names we know to be invariant, and PROCESSED is a set of ssa names for that we already tested whether they are invariant or not. */ static bool empty_bb_without_guard_p (struct loop *loop, basic_block bb) { basic_block exit_bb = single_exit (loop)->src; bool may_be_used_outside = (bb == exit_bb || !dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, bb, exit_bb)); tree name; ssa_op_iter op_iter; /* Phi nodes do not have side effects, but their results might be used outside of the loop. */ if (may_be_used_outside) { for (gphi_iterator gsi = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi)) { gphi *phi = gsi.phi (); name = PHI_RESULT (phi); if (virtual_operand_p (name)) continue; if (used_outside_loop_p (loop, name)) return false; } } for (gimple_stmt_iterator gsi = gsi_start_bb (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi)) { gimple *stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi); if (gimple_has_side_effects (stmt)) return false; if (gimple_vdef(stmt)) return false; FOR_EACH_SSA_TREE_OPERAND (name, stmt, op_iter, SSA_OP_DEF) { if (may_be_used_outside && used_outside_loop_p (loop, name)) return false; } } return true; } /* Return true if NAME is used outside of LOOP. */ static bool used_outside_loop_p (struct loop *loop, tree name) { imm_use_iterator it; use_operand_p use; FOR_EACH_IMM_USE_FAST (use, it, name) { gimple *stmt = USE_STMT (use); if (!flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, gimple_bb (stmt))) return true; } return false; } /* Return argument for loop preheader edge in header virtual phi if any. */ static tree get_vop_from_header (struct loop *loop) { for (gphi_iterator gsi = gsi_start_phis (loop->header); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi)) { gphi *phi = gsi.phi (); if (!virtual_operand_p (gimple_phi_result (phi))) continue; return PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, loop_preheader_edge (loop)); } return NULL_TREE; } /* Move the check of GUARD outside of LOOP. */ static void hoist_guard (struct loop *loop, edge guard) { edge exit = single_exit (loop); edge preh = loop_preheader_edge (loop); basic_block pre_header = preh->src; basic_block bb; edge te, fe, e, new_edge; gimple *stmt; basic_block guard_bb = guard->src; gimple_stmt_iterator gsi; int flags = 0; bool fix_dom_of_exit; gcond *cond_stmt, *new_cond_stmt; bb = get_immediate_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, exit->dest); fix_dom_of_exit = flow_bb_inside_loop_p (loop, bb); gsi = gsi_last_bb (guard_bb); stmt = gsi_stmt (gsi); gcc_assert (gimple_code (stmt) == GIMPLE_COND); cond_stmt = as_a (stmt); extract_true_false_edges_from_block (guard_bb, &te, &fe); /* Insert guard to PRE_HEADER. */ if (!empty_block_p (pre_header)) gsi = gsi_last_bb (pre_header); else gsi = gsi_start_bb (pre_header); /* Create copy of COND_STMT. */ new_cond_stmt = gimple_build_cond (gimple_cond_code (cond_stmt), gimple_cond_lhs (cond_stmt), gimple_cond_rhs (cond_stmt), NULL_TREE, NULL_TREE); gsi_insert_after (&gsi, new_cond_stmt, GSI_NEW_STMT); /* Convert COND_STMT to true/false conditional. */ if (guard == te) gimple_cond_make_false (cond_stmt); else gimple_cond_make_true (cond_stmt); update_stmt (cond_stmt); /* Create new loop pre-header. */ e = split_block (pre_header, last_stmt (pre_header)); gcc_assert (loop_preheader_edge (loop)->src == e->dest); if (guard == fe) { e->flags = EDGE_TRUE_VALUE; flags |= EDGE_FALSE_VALUE; } else { e->flags = EDGE_FALSE_VALUE; flags |= EDGE_TRUE_VALUE; } new_edge = make_edge (pre_header, exit->dest, flags); if (fix_dom_of_exit) set_immediate_dominator (CDI_DOMINATORS, exit->dest, pre_header); /* Add NEW_ADGE argument for all phi in post-header block. */ bb = exit->dest; for (gphi_iterator gsi = gsi_start_phis (bb); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi)) { gphi *phi = gsi.phi (); tree arg; if (virtual_operand_p (gimple_phi_result (phi))) { arg = get_vop_from_header (loop); if (arg == NULL_TREE) /* Use exit edge argument. */ arg = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, exit); add_phi_arg (phi, arg, new_edge, UNKNOWN_LOCATION); } else { /* Use exit edge argument. */ arg = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, exit); add_phi_arg (phi, arg, new_edge, UNKNOWN_LOCATION); } } mark_virtual_operands_for_renaming (cfun); update_ssa (TODO_update_ssa); if (dump_file && (dump_flags & TDF_DETAILS)) fprintf (dump_file, " guard hoisted.\n"); } /* Return true if phi argument for exit edge can be used for edge around loop. */ static bool check_exit_phi (struct loop *loop) { edge exit = single_exit (loop); basic_block pre_header = loop_preheader_edge (loop)->src; for (gphi_iterator gsi = gsi_start_phis (exit->dest); !gsi_end_p (gsi); gsi_next (&gsi)) { gphi *phi = gsi.phi (); tree arg; gimple *def; basic_block def_bb; if (virtual_operand_p (gimple_phi_result (phi))) continue; arg = PHI_ARG_DEF_FROM_EDGE (phi, exit); if (TREE_CODE (arg) != SSA_NAME) continue; def = SSA_NAME_DEF_STMT (arg); if (!def) continue; def_bb = gimple_bb (def); if (!def_bb) continue; if (!dominated_by_p (CDI_DOMINATORS, pre_header, def_bb)) /* Definition inside loop! */ return false; /* Check loop closed phi invariant. */ if (!flow_bb_inside_loop_p (def_bb->loop_father, pre_header)) return false; } return true; } /* Loop unswitching pass. */ namespace { const pass_data pass_data_tree_unswitch = { GIMPLE_PASS, /* type */ "unswitch", /* name */ OPTGROUP_LOOP, /* optinfo_flags */ TV_TREE_LOOP_UNSWITCH, /* tv_id */ PROP_cfg, /* properties_required */ 0, /* properties_provided */ 0, /* properties_destroyed */ 0, /* todo_flags_start */ 0, /* todo_flags_finish */ }; class pass_tree_unswitch : public gimple_opt_pass { public: pass_tree_unswitch (gcc::context *ctxt) : gimple_opt_pass (pass_data_tree_unswitch, ctxt) {} /* opt_pass methods: */ virtual bool gate (function *) { return flag_unswitch_loops != 0; } virtual unsigned int execute (function *); }; // class pass_tree_unswitch unsigned int pass_tree_unswitch::execute (function *fun) { if (number_of_loops (fun) <= 1) return 0; return tree_ssa_unswitch_loops (); } } // anon namespace gimple_opt_pass * make_pass_tree_unswitch (gcc::context *ctxt) { return new pass_tree_unswitch (ctxt); }