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SUBROUTINE ZSYSVXX( FACT, UPLO, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV,
$ EQUED, S, B, LDB, X, LDX, RCOND, RPVGRW, BERR,
$ N_ERR_BNDS, ERR_BNDS_NORM, ERR_BNDS_COMP,
$ NPARAMS, PARAMS, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
*
* -- LAPACK driver routine (version 3.2.1) --
* -- Contributed by James Demmel, Deaglan Halligan, Yozo Hida and --
* -- Jason Riedy of Univ. of California Berkeley. --
* -- April 2009 --
*
* -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, --
* -- Univ. of California Berkeley and NAG Ltd. --
*
IMPLICIT NONE
* ..
* .. Scalar Arguments ..
CHARACTER EQUED, FACT, UPLO
INTEGER INFO, LDA, LDAF, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS, NPARAMS,
$ N_ERR_BNDS
DOUBLE PRECISION RCOND, RPVGRW
* ..
* .. Array Arguments ..
INTEGER IPIV( * )
COMPLEX*16 A( LDA, * ), AF( LDAF, * ), B( LDB, * ),
$ X( LDX, * ), WORK( * )
DOUBLE PRECISION S( * ), PARAMS( * ), BERR( * ),
$ ERR_BNDS_NORM( NRHS, * ),
$ ERR_BNDS_COMP( NRHS, * ), RWORK( * )
* ..
*
* Purpose
* =======
*
* ZSYSVXX uses the diagonal pivoting factorization to compute the
* solution to a complex*16 system of linear equations A * X = B, where
* A is an N-by-N symmetric matrix and X and B are N-by-NRHS
* matrices.
*
* If requested, both normwise and maximum componentwise error bounds
* are returned. ZSYSVXX will return a solution with a tiny
* guaranteed error (O(eps) where eps is the working machine
* precision) unless the matrix is very ill-conditioned, in which
* case a warning is returned. Relevant condition numbers also are
* calculated and returned.
*
* ZSYSVXX accepts user-provided factorizations and equilibration
* factors; see the definitions of the FACT and EQUED options.
* Solving with refinement and using a factorization from a previous
* ZSYSVXX call will also produce a solution with either O(eps)
* errors or warnings, but we cannot make that claim for general
* user-provided factorizations and equilibration factors if they
* differ from what ZSYSVXX would itself produce.
*
* Description
* ===========
*
* The following steps are performed:
*
* 1. If FACT = 'E', double precision scaling factors are computed to equilibrate
* the system:
*
* diag(S)*A*diag(S) *inv(diag(S))*X = diag(S)*B
*
* Whether or not the system will be equilibrated depends on the
* scaling of the matrix A, but if equilibration is used, A is
* overwritten by diag(S)*A*diag(S) and B by diag(S)*B.
*
* 2. If FACT = 'N' or 'E', the LU decomposition is used to factor
* the matrix A (after equilibration if FACT = 'E') as
*
* A = U * D * U**T, if UPLO = 'U', or
* A = L * D * L**T, if UPLO = 'L',
*
* where U (or L) is a product of permutation and unit upper (lower)
* triangular matrices, and D is symmetric and block diagonal with
* 1-by-1 and 2-by-2 diagonal blocks.
*
* 3. If some D(i,i)=0, so that D is exactly singular, then the
* routine returns with INFO = i. Otherwise, the factored form of A
* is used to estimate the condition number of the matrix A (see
* argument RCOND). If the reciprocal of the condition number is
* less than machine precision, the routine still goes on to solve
* for X and compute error bounds as described below.
*
* 4. The system of equations is solved for X using the factored form
* of A.
*
* 5. By default (unless PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITREF_I) is set to zero),
* the routine will use iterative refinement to try to get a small
* error and error bounds. Refinement calculates the residual to at
* least twice the working precision.
*
* 6. If equilibration was used, the matrix X is premultiplied by
* diag(R) so that it solves the original system before
* equilibration.
*
* Arguments
* =========
*
* Some optional parameters are bundled in the PARAMS array. These
* settings determine how refinement is performed, but often the
* defaults are acceptable. If the defaults are acceptable, users
* can pass NPARAMS = 0 which prevents the source code from accessing
* the PARAMS argument.
*
* FACT (input) CHARACTER*1
* Specifies whether or not the factored form of the matrix A is
* supplied on entry, and if not, whether the matrix A should be
* equilibrated before it is factored.
* = 'F': On entry, AF and IPIV contain the factored form of A.
* If EQUED is not 'N', the matrix A has been
* equilibrated with scaling factors given by S.
* A, AF, and IPIV are not modified.
* = 'N': The matrix A will be copied to AF and factored.
* = 'E': The matrix A will be equilibrated if necessary, then
* copied to AF and factored.
*
* UPLO (input) CHARACTER*1
* = 'U': Upper triangle of A is stored;
* = 'L': Lower triangle of A is stored.
*
* N (input) INTEGER
* The number of linear equations, i.e., the order of the
* matrix A. N >= 0.
*
* NRHS (input) INTEGER
* The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns
* of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0.
*
* A (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)
* The symmetric matrix A. If UPLO = 'U', the leading N-by-N
* upper triangular part of A contains the upper triangular
* part of the matrix A, and the strictly lower triangular
* part of A is not referenced. If UPLO = 'L', the leading
* N-by-N lower triangular part of A contains the lower
* triangular part of the matrix A, and the strictly upper
* triangular part of A is not referenced.
*
* On exit, if FACT = 'E' and EQUED = 'Y', A is overwritten by
* diag(S)*A*diag(S).
*
* LDA (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,N).
*
* AF (input or output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDAF,N)
* If FACT = 'F', then AF is an input argument and on entry
* contains the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers
* used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A =
* U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T as computed by DSYTRF.
*
* If FACT = 'N', then AF is an output argument and on exit
* returns the block diagonal matrix D and the multipliers
* used to obtain the factor U or L from the factorization A =
* U*D*U**T or A = L*D*L**T.
*
* LDAF (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array AF. LDAF >= max(1,N).
*
* IPIV (input or output) INTEGER array, dimension (N)
* If FACT = 'F', then IPIV is an input argument and on entry
* contains details of the interchanges and the block
* structure of D, as determined by DSYTRF. If IPIV(k) > 0,
* then rows and columns k and IPIV(k) were interchanged and
* D(k,k) is a 1-by-1 diagonal block. If UPLO = 'U' and
* IPIV(k) = IPIV(k-1) < 0, then rows and columns k-1 and
* -IPIV(k) were interchanged and D(k-1:k,k-1:k) is a 2-by-2
* diagonal block. If UPLO = 'L' and IPIV(k) = IPIV(k+1) < 0,
* then rows and columns k+1 and -IPIV(k) were interchanged
* and D(k:k+1,k:k+1) is a 2-by-2 diagonal block.
*
* If FACT = 'N', then IPIV is an output argument and on exit
* contains details of the interchanges and the block
* structure of D, as determined by DSYTRF.
*
* EQUED (input or output) CHARACTER*1
* Specifies the form of equilibration that was done.
* = 'N': No equilibration (always true if FACT = 'N').
* = 'Y': Both row and column equilibration, i.e., A has been
* replaced by diag(S) * A * diag(S).
* EQUED is an input argument if FACT = 'F'; otherwise, it is an
* output argument.
*
* S (input or output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N)
* The scale factors for A. If EQUED = 'Y', A is multiplied on
* the left and right by diag(S). S is an input argument if FACT =
* 'F'; otherwise, S is an output argument. If FACT = 'F' and EQUED
* = 'Y', each element of S must be positive. If S is output, each
* element of S is a power of the radix. If S is input, each element
* of S should be a power of the radix to ensure a reliable solution
* and error estimates. Scaling by powers of the radix does not cause
* rounding errors unless the result underflows or overflows.
* Rounding errors during scaling lead to refining with a matrix that
* is not equivalent to the input matrix, producing error estimates
* that may not be reliable.
*
* B (input/output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)
* On entry, the N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.
* On exit,
* if EQUED = 'N', B is not modified;
* if EQUED = 'Y', B is overwritten by diag(S)*B;
*
* LDB (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N).
*
* X (output) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDX,NRHS)
* If INFO = 0, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X to the original
* system of equations. Note that A and B are modified on exit if
* EQUED .ne. 'N', and the solution to the equilibrated system is
* inv(diag(S))*X.
*
* LDX (input) INTEGER
* The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N).
*
* RCOND (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
* Reciprocal scaled condition number. This is an estimate of the
* reciprocal Skeel condition number of the matrix A after
* equilibration (if done). If this is less than the machine
* precision (in particular, if it is zero), the matrix is singular
* to working precision. Note that the error may still be small even
* if this number is very small and the matrix appears ill-
* conditioned.
*
* RPVGRW (output) DOUBLE PRECISION
* Reciprocal pivot growth. On exit, this contains the reciprocal
* pivot growth factor norm(A)/norm(U). The "max absolute element"
* norm is used. If this is much less than 1, then the stability of
* the LU factorization of the (equilibrated) matrix A could be poor.
* This also means that the solution X, estimated condition numbers,
* and error bounds could be unreliable. If factorization fails with
* 0<INFO<=N, then this contains the reciprocal pivot growth factor
* for the leading INFO columns of A.
*
* BERR (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS)
* Componentwise relative backward error. This is the
* componentwise relative backward error of each solution vector X(j)
* (i.e., the smallest relative change in any element of A or B that
* makes X(j) an exact solution).
*
* N_ERR_BNDS (input) INTEGER
* Number of error bounds to return for each right hand side
* and each type (normwise or componentwise). See ERR_BNDS_NORM and
* ERR_BNDS_COMP below.
*
* ERR_BNDS_NORM (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS, N_ERR_BNDS)
* For each right-hand side, this array contains information about
* various error bounds and condition numbers corresponding to the
* normwise relative error, which is defined as follows:
*
* Normwise relative error in the ith solution vector:
* max_j (abs(XTRUE(j,i) - X(j,i)))
* ------------------------------
* max_j abs(X(j,i))
*
* The array is indexed by the type of error information as described
* below. There currently are up to three pieces of information
* returned.
*
* The first index in ERR_BNDS_NORM(i,:) corresponds to the ith
* right-hand side.
*
* The second index in ERR_BNDS_NORM(:,err) contains the following
* three fields:
* err = 1 "Trust/don't trust" boolean. Trust the answer if the
* reciprocal condition number is less than the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon').
*
* err = 2 "Guaranteed" error bound: The estimated forward error,
* almost certainly within a factor of 10 of the true error
* so long as the next entry is greater than the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon'). This error bound should only
* be trusted if the previous boolean is true.
*
* err = 3 Reciprocal condition number: Estimated normwise
* reciprocal condition number. Compared with the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon') to determine if the error
* estimate is "guaranteed". These reciprocal condition
* numbers are 1 / (norm(Z^{-1},inf) * norm(Z,inf)) for some
* appropriately scaled matrix Z.
* Let Z = S*A, where S scales each row by a power of the
* radix so all absolute row sums of Z are approximately 1.
*
* See Lapack Working Note 165 for further details and extra
* cautions.
*
* ERR_BNDS_COMP (output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS, N_ERR_BNDS)
* For each right-hand side, this array contains information about
* various error bounds and condition numbers corresponding to the
* componentwise relative error, which is defined as follows:
*
* Componentwise relative error in the ith solution vector:
* abs(XTRUE(j,i) - X(j,i))
* max_j ----------------------
* abs(X(j,i))
*
* The array is indexed by the right-hand side i (on which the
* componentwise relative error depends), and the type of error
* information as described below. There currently are up to three
* pieces of information returned for each right-hand side. If
* componentwise accuracy is not requested (PARAMS(3) = 0.0), then
* ERR_BNDS_COMP is not accessed. If N_ERR_BNDS .LT. 3, then at most
* the first (:,N_ERR_BNDS) entries are returned.
*
* The first index in ERR_BNDS_COMP(i,:) corresponds to the ith
* right-hand side.
*
* The second index in ERR_BNDS_COMP(:,err) contains the following
* three fields:
* err = 1 "Trust/don't trust" boolean. Trust the answer if the
* reciprocal condition number is less than the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon').
*
* err = 2 "Guaranteed" error bound: The estimated forward error,
* almost certainly within a factor of 10 of the true error
* so long as the next entry is greater than the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon'). This error bound should only
* be trusted if the previous boolean is true.
*
* err = 3 Reciprocal condition number: Estimated componentwise
* reciprocal condition number. Compared with the threshold
* sqrt(n) * dlamch('Epsilon') to determine if the error
* estimate is "guaranteed". These reciprocal condition
* numbers are 1 / (norm(Z^{-1},inf) * norm(Z,inf)) for some
* appropriately scaled matrix Z.
* Let Z = S*(A*diag(x)), where x is the solution for the
* current right-hand side and S scales each row of
* A*diag(x) by a power of the radix so all absolute row
* sums of Z are approximately 1.
*
* See Lapack Working Note 165 for further details and extra
* cautions.
*
* NPARAMS (input) INTEGER
* Specifies the number of parameters set in PARAMS. If .LE. 0, the
* PARAMS array is never referenced and default values are used.
*
* PARAMS (input / output) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension NPARAMS
* Specifies algorithm parameters. If an entry is .LT. 0.0, then
* that entry will be filled with default value used for that
* parameter. Only positions up to NPARAMS are accessed; defaults
* are used for higher-numbered parameters.
*
* PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITREF_I = 1) : Whether to perform iterative
* refinement or not.
* Default: 1.0D+0
* = 0.0 : No refinement is performed, and no error bounds are
* computed.
* = 1.0 : Use the extra-precise refinement algorithm.
* (other values are reserved for future use)
*
* PARAMS(LA_LINRX_ITHRESH_I = 2) : Maximum number of residual
* computations allowed for refinement.
* Default: 10
* Aggressive: Set to 100 to permit convergence using approximate
* factorizations or factorizations other than LU. If
* the factorization uses a technique other than
* Gaussian elimination, the guarantees in
* err_bnds_norm and err_bnds_comp may no longer be
* trustworthy.
*
* PARAMS(LA_LINRX_CWISE_I = 3) : Flag determining if the code
* will attempt to find a solution with small componentwise
* relative error in the double-precision algorithm. Positive
* is true, 0.0 is false.
* Default: 1.0 (attempt componentwise convergence)
*
* WORK (workspace) COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (2*N)
*
* RWORK (workspace) DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (2*N)
*
* INFO (output) INTEGER
* = 0: Successful exit. The solution to every right-hand side is
* guaranteed.
* < 0: If INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value
* > 0 and <= N: U(INFO,INFO) is exactly zero. The factorization
* has been completed, but the factor U is exactly singular, so
* the solution and error bounds could not be computed. RCOND = 0
* is returned.
* = N+J: The solution corresponding to the Jth right-hand side is
* not guaranteed. The solutions corresponding to other right-
* hand sides K with K > J may not be guaranteed as well, but
* only the first such right-hand side is reported. If a small
* componentwise error is not requested (PARAMS(3) = 0.0) then
* the Jth right-hand side is the first with a normwise error
* bound that is not guaranteed (the smallest J such
* that ERR_BNDS_NORM(J,1) = 0.0). By default (PARAMS(3) = 1.0)
* the Jth right-hand side is the first with either a normwise or
* componentwise error bound that is not guaranteed (the smallest
* J such that either ERR_BNDS_NORM(J,1) = 0.0 or
* ERR_BNDS_COMP(J,1) = 0.0). See the definition of
* ERR_BNDS_NORM(:,1) and ERR_BNDS_COMP(:,1). To get information
* about all of the right-hand sides check ERR_BNDS_NORM or
* ERR_BNDS_COMP.
*
* ==================================================================
*
* .. Parameters ..
DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO, ONE
PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D+0, ONE = 1.0D+0 )
INTEGER FINAL_NRM_ERR_I, FINAL_CMP_ERR_I, BERR_I
INTEGER RCOND_I, NRM_RCOND_I, NRM_ERR_I, CMP_RCOND_I
INTEGER CMP_ERR_I, PIV_GROWTH_I
PARAMETER ( FINAL_NRM_ERR_I = 1, FINAL_CMP_ERR_I = 2,
$ BERR_I = 3 )
PARAMETER ( RCOND_I = 4, NRM_RCOND_I = 5, NRM_ERR_I = 6 )
PARAMETER ( CMP_RCOND_I = 7, CMP_ERR_I = 8,
$ PIV_GROWTH_I = 9 )
* ..
* .. Local Scalars ..
LOGICAL EQUIL, NOFACT, RCEQU
INTEGER INFEQU, J
DOUBLE PRECISION AMAX, BIGNUM, SMIN, SMAX, SCOND, SMLNUM
* ..
* .. External Functions ..
EXTERNAL LSAME, DLAMCH, ZLA_SYRPVGRW
LOGICAL LSAME
DOUBLE PRECISION DLAMCH, ZLA_SYRPVGRW
* ..
* .. External Subroutines ..
EXTERNAL ZSYCON, ZSYEQUB, ZSYTRF, ZSYTRS, ZLACPY,
$ ZLAQSY, XERBLA, ZLASCL2, ZSYRFSX
* ..
* .. Intrinsic Functions ..
INTRINSIC MAX, MIN
* ..
* .. Executable Statements ..
*
INFO = 0
NOFACT = LSAME( FACT, 'N' )
EQUIL = LSAME( FACT, 'E' )
SMLNUM = DLAMCH( 'Safe minimum' )
BIGNUM = ONE / SMLNUM
IF( NOFACT .OR. EQUIL ) THEN
EQUED = 'N'
RCEQU = .FALSE.
ELSE
RCEQU = LSAME( EQUED, 'Y' )
ENDIF
*
* Default is failure. If an input parameter is wrong or
* factorization fails, make everything look horrible. Only the
* pivot growth is set here, the rest is initialized in ZSYRFSX.
*
RPVGRW = ZERO
*
* Test the input parameters. PARAMS is not tested until ZSYRFSX.
*
IF( .NOT.NOFACT .AND. .NOT.EQUIL .AND. .NOT.
$ LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) ) THEN
INFO = -1
ELSE IF( .NOT.LSAME(UPLO, 'U') .AND.
$ .NOT.LSAME(UPLO, 'L') ) THEN
INFO = -2
ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -3
ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN
INFO = -4
ELSE IF( LDA.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -6
ELSE IF( LDAF.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -8
ELSE IF( LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) .AND. .NOT.
$ ( RCEQU .OR. LSAME( EQUED, 'N' ) ) ) THEN
INFO = -9
ELSE
IF ( RCEQU ) THEN
SMIN = BIGNUM
SMAX = ZERO
DO 10 J = 1, N
SMIN = MIN( SMIN, S( J ) )
SMAX = MAX( SMAX, S( J ) )
10 CONTINUE
IF( SMIN.LE.ZERO ) THEN
INFO = -10
ELSE IF( N.GT.0 ) THEN
SCOND = MAX( SMIN, SMLNUM ) / MIN( SMAX, BIGNUM )
ELSE
SCOND = ONE
END IF
END IF
IF( INFO.EQ.0 ) THEN
IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -12
ELSE IF( LDX.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN
INFO = -14
END IF
END IF
END IF
*
IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN
CALL XERBLA( 'ZSYSVXX', -INFO )
RETURN
END IF
*
IF( EQUIL ) THEN
*
* Compute row and column scalings to equilibrate the matrix A.
*
CALL ZSYEQUB( UPLO, N, A, LDA, S, SCOND, AMAX, WORK, INFEQU )
IF( INFEQU.EQ.0 ) THEN
*
* Equilibrate the matrix.
*
CALL ZLAQSY( UPLO, N, A, LDA, S, SCOND, AMAX, EQUED )
RCEQU = LSAME( EQUED, 'Y' )
END IF
END IF
*
* Scale the right hand-side.
*
IF( RCEQU ) CALL ZLASCL2( N, NRHS, S, B, LDB )
*
IF( NOFACT .OR. EQUIL ) THEN
*
* Compute the LDL^T or UDU^T factorization of A.
*
CALL ZLACPY( UPLO, N, N, A, LDA, AF, LDAF )
CALL ZSYTRF( UPLO, N, AF, LDAF, IPIV, WORK, 5*MAX(1,N), INFO )
*
* Return if INFO is non-zero.
*
IF( INFO.GT.0 ) THEN
*
* Pivot in column INFO is exactly 0
* Compute the reciprocal pivot growth factor of the
* leading rank-deficient INFO columns of A.
*
IF ( N.GT.0 )
$ RPVGRW = ZLA_SYRPVGRW( UPLO, N, INFO, A, LDA, AF,
$ LDAF, IPIV, RWORK )
RETURN
END IF
END IF
*
* Compute the reciprocal pivot growth factor RPVGRW.
*
IF ( N.GT.0 )
$ RPVGRW = ZLA_SYRPVGRW( UPLO, N, INFO, A, LDA, AF, LDAF,
$ IPIV, RWORK )
*
* Compute the solution matrix X.
*
CALL ZLACPY( 'Full', N, NRHS, B, LDB, X, LDX )
CALL ZSYTRS( UPLO, N, NRHS, AF, LDAF, IPIV, X, LDX, INFO )
*
* Use iterative refinement to improve the computed solution and
* compute error bounds and backward error estimates for it.
*
CALL ZSYRFSX( UPLO, EQUED, N, NRHS, A, LDA, AF, LDAF, IPIV,
$ S, B, LDB, X, LDX, RCOND, BERR, N_ERR_BNDS, ERR_BNDS_NORM,
$ ERR_BNDS_COMP, NPARAMS, PARAMS, WORK, RWORK, INFO )
*
* Scale solutions.
*
IF ( RCEQU ) THEN
CALL ZLASCL2 (N, NRHS, S, X, LDX )
END IF
*
RETURN
*
* End of ZSYSVXX
*
END
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