/* * Modified for NRL 4.4BSD IPv6 release. * 07/31/96 bgp * * Search for "#ifdef NRL" to find the changes. */ /* * Modified for Linux IPv6 by Pedro Roque * 31/07/1996 * * As ICMP error messages for IPv6 now include more than 8 bytes * UDP datagrams are now sent via an UDP socket instead of magic * RAW socket tricks. * * Original copyright and comments left intact. They might not * match the code anymore. */ /*- * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993 * The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. * * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by * Van Jacobson. * * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions * are met: * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the * documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software * must display the following acknowledgement: * This product includes software developed by the University of * California, Berkeley and its contributors. * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors * may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software * without specific prior written permission. * * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF * SUCH DAMAGE. */ #ifndef lint char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright (c) 1990, 1993\n\ The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.\n"; #endif /* not lint */ /* * traceroute host - trace the route ip packets follow going to "host". * * Attempt to trace the route an ip packet would follow to some * internet host. We find out intermediate hops by launching probe * packets with a small ttl (time to live) then listening for an * icmp "time exceeded" reply from a gateway. We start our probes * with a ttl of one and increase by one until we get an icmp "port * unreachable" (which means we got to "host") or hit a max (which * defaults to 30 hops & can be changed with the -m flag). Three * probes (change with -q flag) are sent at each ttl setting and a * line is printed showing the ttl, address of the gateway and * round trip time of each probe. If the probe answers come from * different gateways, the address of each responding system will * be printed. If there is no response within a 5 sec. timeout * interval (changed with the -w flag), a "*" is printed for that * probe. * * Probe packets are UDP format. We don't want the destination * host to process them so the destination port is set to an * unlikely value (if some clod on the destination is using that * value, it can be changed with the -p flag). * * A sample use might be: * * [yak 71]% traceroute nis.nsf.net. * traceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.48), 30 hops max, 56 byte packet * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 19 ms 19 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 39 ms * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 40 ms 59 ms 59 ms * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 59 ms * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 99 ms 99 ms 80 ms * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 239 ms 319 ms * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 220 ms 199 ms 199 ms * 11 nic.merit.edu (35.1.1.48) 239 ms 239 ms 239 ms * * Note that lines 2 & 3 are the same. This is due to a buggy * kernel on the 2nd hop system -- lbl-csam.arpa -- that forwards * packets with a zero ttl. * * A more interesting example is: * * [yak 72]% traceroute allspice.lcs.mit.edu. * traceroute to allspice.lcs.mit.edu (18.26.0.115), 30 hops max * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 19 ms 19 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 19 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 5 ccn-nerif22.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.22) 20 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 128.32.197.4 (128.32.197.4) 59 ms 119 ms 39 ms * 7 131.119.2.5 (131.119.2.5) 59 ms 59 ms 39 ms * 8 129.140.70.13 (129.140.70.13) 80 ms 79 ms 99 ms * 9 129.140.71.6 (129.140.71.6) 139 ms 139 ms 159 ms * 10 129.140.81.7 (129.140.81.7) 199 ms 180 ms 300 ms * 11 129.140.72.17 (129.140.72.17) 300 ms 239 ms 239 ms * 12 * * * * 13 128.121.54.72 (128.121.54.72) 259 ms 499 ms 279 ms * 14 * * * * 15 * * * * 16 * * * * 17 * * * * 18 ALLSPICE.LCS.MIT.EDU (18.26.0.115) 339 ms 279 ms 279 ms * * (I start to see why I'm having so much trouble with mail to * MIT.) Note that the gateways 12, 14, 15, 16 & 17 hops away * either don't send ICMP "time exceeded" messages or send them * with a ttl too small to reach us. 14 - 17 are running the * MIT C Gateway code that doesn't send "time exceeded"s. God * only knows what's going on with 12. * * The silent gateway 12 in the above may be the result of a bug in * the 4.[23]BSD network code (and its derivatives): 4.x (x <= 3) * sends an unreachable message using whatever ttl remains in the * original datagram. Since, for gateways, the remaining ttl is * zero, the icmp "time exceeded" is guaranteed to not make it back * to us. The behavior of this bug is slightly more interesting * when it appears on the destination system: * * 1 helios.ee.lbl.gov (128.3.112.1) 0 ms 0 ms 0 ms * 2 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 39 ms 19 ms 39 ms * 3 lilac-dmc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.216.1) 19 ms 39 ms 19 ms * 4 ccngw-ner-cc.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.136.23) 39 ms 40 ms 19 ms * 5 ccn-nerif35.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.168.35) 39 ms 39 ms 39 ms * 6 csgw.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.133.254) 39 ms 59 ms 39 ms * 7 * * * * 8 * * * * 9 * * * * 10 * * * * 11 * * * * 12 * * * * 13 rip.Berkeley.EDU (128.32.131.22) 59 ms ! 39 ms ! 39 ms ! * * Notice that there are 12 "gateways" (13 is the final * destination) and exactly the last half of them are "missing". * What's really happening is that rip (a Sun-3 running Sun OS3.5) * is using the ttl from our arriving datagram as the ttl in its * icmp reply. So, the reply will time out on the return path * (with no notice sent to anyone since icmp's aren't sent for * icmp's) until we probe with a ttl that's at least twice the path * length. I.e., rip is really only 7 hops away. A reply that * returns with a ttl of 1 is a clue this problem exists. * Traceroute prints a "!" after the time if the ttl is <= 1. * Since vendors ship a lot of obsolete (DEC's Ultrix, Sun 3.x) or * non-standard (HPUX) software, expect to see this problem * frequently and/or take care picking the target host of your * probes. * * Other possible annotations after the time are !H, !N, !P (got a host, * network or protocol unreachable, respectively), !S or !F (source * route failed or fragmentation needed -- neither of these should * ever occur and the associated gateway is busted if you see one). If * almost all the probes result in some kind of unreachable, traceroute * will give up and exit. * * Notes * ----- * This program must be run by root or be setuid. (I suggest that * you *don't* make it setuid -- casual use could result in a lot * of unnecessary traffic on our poor, congested nets.) * * This program requires a kernel mod that does not appear in any * system available from Berkeley: A raw ip socket using proto * IPPROTO_RAW must interpret the data sent as an ip datagram (as * opposed to data to be wrapped in a ip datagram). See the README * file that came with the source to this program for a description * of the mods I made to /sys/netinet/raw_ip.c. Your mileage may * vary. But, again, ANY 4.x (x < 4) BSD KERNEL WILL HAVE TO BE * MODIFIED TO RUN THIS PROGRAM. * * The udp port usage may appear bizarre (well, ok, it is bizarre). * The problem is that an icmp message only contains 8 bytes of * data from the original datagram. 8 bytes is the size of a udp * header so, if we want to associate replies with the original * datagram, the necessary information must be encoded into the * udp header (the ip id could be used but there's no way to * interlock with the kernel's assignment of ip id's and, anyway, * it would have taken a lot more kernel hacking to allow this * code to set the ip id). So, to allow two or more users to * use traceroute simultaneously, we use this task's pid as the * source port (the high bit is set to move the port number out * of the "likely" range). To keep track of which probe is being * replied to (so times and/or hop counts don't get confused by a * reply that was delayed in transit), we increment the destination * port number before each probe. * * Don't use this as a coding example. I was trying to find a * routing problem and this code sort-of popped out after 48 hours * without sleep. I was amazed it ever compiled, much less ran. * * I stole the idea for this program from Steve Deering. Since * the first release, I've learned that had I attended the right * IETF working group meetings, I also could have stolen it from Guy * Almes or Matt Mathis. I don't know (or care) who came up with * the idea first. I envy the originators' perspicacity and I'm * glad they didn't keep the idea a secret. * * Tim Seaver, Ken Adelman and C. Philip Wood provided bug fixes and/or * enhancements to the original distribution. * * I've hacked up a round-trip-route version of this that works by * sending a loose-source-routed udp datagram through the destination * back to yourself. Unfortunately, SO many gateways botch source * routing, the thing is almost worthless. Maybe one day... * * -- Van Jacobson (van@helios.ee.lbl.gov) * Tue Dec 20 03:50:13 PST 1988 */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #if __linux__ #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #ifdef CAPABILITIES #include #endif #ifdef USE_IDN #include #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "SNAPSHOT.h" #ifndef SOL_IPV6 #define SOL_IPV6 IPPROTO_IPV6 #endif #define MAXPACKET 65535 #define MAX_HOSTNAMELEN NI_MAXHOST #ifndef FD_SET #define NFDBITS (8*sizeof(fd_set)) #define FD_SETSIZE NFDBITS #define FD_SET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] |= (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_CLR(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] &= ~(1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_ISSET(n, p) ((p)->fds_bits[(n)/NFDBITS] & (1 << ((n) % NFDBITS))) #define FD_ZERO(p) memset((char *)(p), 0, sizeof(*(p))) #endif #define Fprintf (void)fprintf #define Printf (void)printf u_char packet[512]; /* last inbound (icmp) packet */ int wait_for_reply(int, struct sockaddr_in6 *, struct in6_addr *, int); int packet_ok(u_char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in6 *from, struct in6_addr *to, int seq, struct timeval *); void send_probe(int seq, int ttl); double deltaT (struct timeval *, struct timeval *); void print(unsigned char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in6 *from); void tvsub (struct timeval *, struct timeval *); void usage(void); int icmp_sock; /* receive (icmp) socket file descriptor */ int sndsock; /* send (udp) socket file descriptor */ struct timezone tz; /* leftover */ struct sockaddr_in6 whereto; /* Who to try to reach */ struct sockaddr_in6 saddr; struct sockaddr_in6 firsthop; char *source = NULL; char *device = NULL; char *hostname; int nprobes = 3; int max_ttl = 30; pid_t ident; u_short port = 32768+666; /* start udp dest port # for probe packets */ int options; /* socket options */ int verbose; int waittime = 5; /* time to wait for response (in seconds) */ int nflag; /* print addresses numerically */ struct pkt_format { __u32 ident; __u32 seq; struct timeval tv; }; char *sendbuff; int datalen = sizeof(struct pkt_format); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { char pa[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN]; extern char *optarg; extern int optind; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in6 from, *to; int ch, i, on, probe, seq, tos, ttl; int socket_errno; icmp_sock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMPV6); socket_errno = errno; if (setuid(getuid())) { perror("traceroute6: setuid"); exit(-1); } #ifdef CAPABILITIES { cap_t caps = cap_init(); if (cap_set_proc(caps)) { perror("traceroute6: cap_set_proc"); exit(-1); } cap_free(caps); } #endif #ifdef USE_IDN setlocale(LC_ALL, ""); #endif on = 1; seq = tos = 0; to = (struct sockaddr_in6 *)&whereto; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "dm:np:q:rs:t:w:vi:g:V")) != EOF) { switch(ch) { case 'd': options |= SO_DEBUG; break; case 'm': max_ttl = atoi(optarg); if (max_ttl <= 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: max ttl must be >1.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'n': nflag++; break; case 'p': port = atoi(optarg); if (port < 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: port must be >0.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'q': nprobes = atoi(optarg); if (nprobes < 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: nprobes must be >0.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'r': options |= SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* * set the ip source address of the outbound * probe (e.g., on a multi-homed host). */ source = optarg; break; case 'i': device = optarg; break; case 'g': Fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, rthdr is not yet supported\n"); break; case 'v': verbose++; break; case 'w': waittime = atoi(optarg); if (waittime <= 1) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: wait must be >1 sec.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'V': printf("traceroute6 utility, iputils-%s\n", SNAPSHOT); exit(0); default: usage(); } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc < 1) usage(); setlinebuf (stdout); (void) memset((char *)&whereto, 0, sizeof(whereto)); to->sin6_family = AF_INET6; to->sin6_port = htons(port); if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, *argv, &to->sin6_addr) > 0) { hostname = *argv; } else { char *idn = NULL; #ifdef USE_IDN if (idna_to_ascii_lz(*argv, &idn, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS) idn = NULL; #endif hp = gethostbyname2(idn ? idn : *argv, AF_INET6); if (hp) { memmove((caddr_t)&to->sin6_addr, hp->h_addr, sizeof(to->sin6_addr)); hostname = (char *)hp->h_name; } else { (void)fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: unknown host %s\n", *argv); exit(1); } } firsthop = *to; if (*++argv) { datalen = atoi(*argv); /* Message for rpm maintainers: have _shame_. If you want * to fix something send the patch to me for sanity checking. * "datalen" patch is a shit. */ if (datalen == 0) datalen = sizeof(struct pkt_format); else if (datalen < (int)sizeof(struct pkt_format) || datalen >= MAXPACKET) { Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute: packet size must be %d <= s < %d.\n", (int)sizeof(struct pkt_format), MAXPACKET); exit(1); } } ident = getpid(); sendbuff = malloc(datalen); if (sendbuff == NULL) { fprintf(stderr, "malloc failed\n"); exit(1); } if (icmp_sock < 0) { errno = socket_errno; perror("traceroute6: icmp socket"); exit(1); } #ifdef IPV6_RECVPKTINFO setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_RECVPKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on)); setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_2292PKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on)); #else setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_PKTINFO, &on, sizeof(on)); #endif if (options & SO_DEBUG) setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); #ifdef __linux__ on = 2; if (setsockopt(icmp_sock, SOL_RAW, IPV6_CHECKSUM, &on, sizeof(on)) < 0) { /* checksum should be enabled by default and setting this * option might fail anyway. */ fprintf(stderr, "setsockopt(RAW_CHECKSUM) failed - try to continue."); } #endif if ((sndsock = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) { perror("traceroute: UDP socket"); exit(5); } #ifdef SO_SNDBUF if (setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, (char *)&datalen, sizeof(datalen)) < 0) { perror("traceroute: SO_SNDBUF"); exit(6); } #endif /* SO_SNDBUF */ if (options & SO_DEBUG) (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); if (options & SO_DONTROUTE) (void) setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&on, sizeof(on)); if (source == NULL) { socklen_t alen; int probe_fd = socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, 0); if (probe_fd < 0) { perror("socket"); exit(1); } if (device) { if (setsockopt(probe_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, device, strlen(device)+1) == -1) perror("WARNING: interface is ignored"); } firsthop.sin6_port = htons(1025); if (connect(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&firsthop, sizeof(firsthop)) == -1) { perror("connect"); exit(1); } alen = sizeof(saddr); if (getsockname(probe_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, &alen) == -1) { perror("getsockname"); exit(1); } saddr.sin6_port = 0; close(probe_fd); } else { (void) memset((char *)&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr)); saddr.sin6_family = AF_INET6; if (inet_pton(AF_INET6, source, &saddr.sin6_addr) <= 0) { Printf("traceroute: unknown addr %s\n", source); exit(1); } } if (bind(sndsock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) < 0) { perror ("traceroute: bind sending socket"); exit (1); } if (bind(icmp_sock, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) < 0) { perror ("traceroute: bind icmp6 socket"); exit (1); } Fprintf(stderr, "traceroute to %s (%s)", hostname, inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &to->sin6_addr, pa, sizeof(pa))); Fprintf(stderr, " from %s", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &saddr.sin6_addr, pa, sizeof(pa))); Fprintf(stderr, ", %d hops max, %d byte packets\n", max_ttl, datalen); (void) fflush(stderr); for (ttl = 1; ttl <= max_ttl; ++ttl) { struct in6_addr lastaddr = {{{0,}}}; int got_there = 0; int unreachable = 0; Printf("%2d ", ttl); for (probe = 0; probe < nprobes; ++probe) { int cc, reset_timer; struct timeval t1, t2; struct timezone tz; struct in6_addr to; gettimeofday(&t1, &tz); send_probe(++seq, ttl); reset_timer = 1; while ((cc = wait_for_reply(icmp_sock, &from, &to, reset_timer)) != 0) { gettimeofday(&t2, &tz); if ((i = packet_ok(packet, cc, &from, &to, seq, &t1))) { reset_timer = 1; if (memcmp(&from.sin6_addr, &lastaddr, sizeof(from.sin6_addr))) { print(packet, cc, &from); memcpy(&lastaddr, &from.sin6_addr, sizeof(lastaddr)); } Printf(" %g ms", deltaT(&t1, &t2)); switch(i - 1) { case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOPORT: ++got_there; break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_NOROUTE: ++unreachable; Printf(" !N"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADDR: ++unreachable; Printf(" !H"); break; case ICMP6_DST_UNREACH_ADMIN: ++unreachable; Printf(" !S"); break; } break; } else reset_timer = 0; } if (cc <= 0) Printf(" *"); (void) fflush(stdout); } putchar('\n'); if (got_there || (unreachable > 0 && unreachable >= nprobes-1)) exit(0); } return 0; } int wait_for_reply(sock, from, to, reset_timer) int sock; struct sockaddr_in6 *from; struct in6_addr *to; int reset_timer; { fd_set fds; static struct timeval wait; int cc = 0; char cbuf[512]; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(sock, &fds); if (reset_timer) { /* * traceroute could hang if someone else has a ping * running and our ICMP reply gets dropped but we don't * realize it because we keep waking up to handle those * other ICMP packets that keep coming in. To fix this, * "reset_timer" will only be true if the last packet that * came in was for us or if this is the first time we're * waiting for a reply since sending out a probe. Note * that this takes advantage of the select() feature on * Linux where the remaining timeout is written to the * struct timeval area. */ wait.tv_sec = waittime; wait.tv_usec = 0; } if (select(sock+1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0, &wait) > 0) { struct iovec iov; struct msghdr msg; iov.iov_base = packet; iov.iov_len = sizeof(packet); msg.msg_name = (void *)from; msg.msg_namelen = sizeof(*from); msg.msg_iov = &iov; msg.msg_iovlen = 1; msg.msg_flags = 0; msg.msg_control = cbuf; msg.msg_controllen = sizeof(cbuf); cc = recvmsg(icmp_sock, &msg, 0); if (cc >= 0) { struct cmsghdr *cmsg; struct in6_pktinfo *ipi; for (cmsg = CMSG_FIRSTHDR(&msg); cmsg; cmsg = CMSG_NXTHDR(&msg, cmsg)) { if (cmsg->cmsg_level != SOL_IPV6) continue; switch (cmsg->cmsg_type) { case IPV6_PKTINFO: #ifdef IPV6_2292PKTINFO case IPV6_2292PKTINFO: #endif ipi = (struct in6_pktinfo *)CMSG_DATA(cmsg); memcpy(to, ipi, sizeof(*to)); } } } } return(cc); } void send_probe(int seq, int ttl) { struct pkt_format *pkt = (struct pkt_format *) sendbuff; int i; pkt->ident = htonl(ident); pkt->seq = htonl(seq); gettimeofday(&pkt->tv, &tz); i = setsockopt(sndsock, SOL_IPV6, IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS, &ttl, sizeof(ttl)); if (i < 0) { perror("setsockopt"); exit(1); } do { i = sendto(sndsock, sendbuff, datalen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&whereto, sizeof(whereto)); } while (i<0 && errno == ECONNREFUSED); if (i < 0 || i != datalen) { if (i<0) perror("sendto"); Printf("traceroute: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, datalen, i); (void) fflush(stdout); } } double deltaT(struct timeval *t1p, struct timeval *t2p) { register double dt; dt = (double)(t2p->tv_sec - t1p->tv_sec) * 1000.0 + (double)(t2p->tv_usec - t1p->tv_usec) / 1000.0; return (dt); } /* * Convert an ICMP "type" field to a printable string. */ char * pr_type(unsigned char t) { switch(t) { /* Unknown */ case 0: return "Error"; case 1: /* ICMP6_DST_UNREACH: */ return "Destination Unreachable"; case 2: /* ICMP6_PACKET_TOO_BIG: */ return "Packet Too Big"; case 3: /* ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED */ return "Time Exceeded in Transit"; case 4: /* ICMP6_PARAM_PROB */ return "Parameter Problem"; case 128: /* ICMP6_ECHO_REQUEST */ return "Echo Request"; case 129: /* ICMP6_ECHO_REPLY */ return "Echo Reply"; case 130: /* ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY */ return "Membership Query"; case 131: /* ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT */ return "Membership Report"; case 132: /* ICMP6_MEMBERSHIP_REDUCTION */ return "Membership Reduction"; case 133: /* ND_ROUTER_SOLICIT */ return "Router Solicitation"; case 134: /* ND_ROUTER_ADVERT */ return "Router Advertisement"; case 135: /* ND_NEIGHBOR_SOLICIT */ return "Neighbor Solicitation"; case 136: /* ND_NEIGHBOR_ADVERT */ return "Neighbor Advertisement"; case 137: /* ND_REDIRECT */ return "Redirect"; } return("OUT-OF-RANGE"); } int packet_ok(u_char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in6 *from, struct in6_addr *to, int seq, struct timeval *tv) { struct icmp6_hdr *icp; u_char type, code; icp = (struct icmp6_hdr *) buf; type = icp->icmp6_type; code = icp->icmp6_code; if ((type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED && code == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEED_TRANSIT) || type == ICMP6_DST_UNREACH) { struct ip6_hdr *hip; struct udphdr *up; int nexthdr; hip = (struct ip6_hdr *) (icp + 1); up = (struct udphdr *)(hip+1); nexthdr = hip->ip6_nxt; if (nexthdr == 44) { nexthdr = *(unsigned char*)up; up++; } if (nexthdr == IPPROTO_UDP) { struct pkt_format *pkt; pkt = (struct pkt_format *) (up + 1); if (ntohl(pkt->ident) == ident && ntohl(pkt->seq) == seq) { *tv = pkt->tv; return (type == ICMP6_TIME_EXCEEDED ? -1 : code+1); } } } if (verbose) { unsigned char *p; char pa1[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN]; char pa2[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN]; int i; p = (unsigned char *) (icp + 1); Printf("\n%d bytes from %s to %s", cc, inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, pa1, sizeof(pa1)), inet_ntop(AF_INET6, to, pa2, sizeof(pa2))); Printf(": icmp type %d (%s) code %d\n", type, pr_type(type), icp->icmp6_code); cc -= sizeof(struct icmp6_hdr); for (i = 0; i < cc ; i++) { if (i % 16 == 0) Printf("%04x:", i); if (i % 4 == 0) Printf(" "); Printf("%02x", 0xff & (unsigned)p[i]); if (i % 16 == 15 && i + 1 < cc) Printf("\n"); } Printf("\n"); } return(0); } void print(unsigned char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in6 *from) { char pa[MAX_HOSTNAMELEN]; if (nflag) Printf(" %s", inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, pa, sizeof(pa))); else { const char *hostname; struct hostent *hp; char *s = NULL; hostname = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &from->sin6_addr, pa, sizeof(pa)); if ((hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&from->sin6_addr, sizeof(from->sin6_addr), AF_INET6))) { #ifdef USE_IDN if (idna_to_unicode_lzlz(hp->h_name, &s, 0) != IDNA_SUCCESS) s = NULL; #endif } Printf(" %s (%s)", hp ? (s ? s : hp->h_name) : hostname, pa); free(s); } } /* * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. * Out is assumed to be >= in. */ void tvsub(out, in) register struct timeval *out, *in; { if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { out->tv_sec--; out->tv_usec += 1000000; } out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; } void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: traceroute6 [-dnrvV] [-m max_ttl] [-p port#] [-q nqueries]\n\t\ [-s src_addr] [-t tos] [-w wait] host [data size]\n"); exit(1); }