path: root/README.md

[![EJDB](https://raw.github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/master/misc/ejdblogo3.png)](http://ejdb.org)


Embedded JSON Database engine
====================================

It aims to be a fast [MongoDB](http://mongodb.org)-like library **which can be embedded into C/C++, .Net, NodeJS, Python, Lua, Go, Java and Ruby applications under terms of LGPL license.**

EJDB is the C library based on modified version of [Tokyo Cabinet](http://fallabs.com/tokyocabinet/).

JSON representation of queries and data implemented with API based on [C BSON](https://github.com/mongodb/mongo-c-driver/tree/master/src/)

News
===============================
* `2013-08-19` **[v1.1.19 Added support the long awaited mongodb update positional operator] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/V1.1.19)**
* `2013-08-11` **[v1.1.18 Added support for mongodb $ projection] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/V1.1.18)**
* `2013-08-08` **[v1.1.17 Now supported $and & $or mongodb operators] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/issues/81)**
* `2013-07-15` **[Google Go binding] (https://github.com/mkilling/goejdb)**
* `2013-06-23` **[C# .Net binding] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/tree/master/nejdb)**
* `2013-06-02` **[Adobe Air Native Extension (ANE) for EJDB (Thanks to @thejustinwalsh)] (https://github.com/thejustinwalsh/airejdb)**
* `2013-05-29` **[EJDB Python 2.7.x binding available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb-python)**
* `2013-05-06` **[Ruby binding available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/rbejdb/README.md)**
* `2013-05-02` **[NodeJS win32 module available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/WIN32.md#ejdb-nodejs-module-installation)**
* `2013-04-25` **[EJDB and TokyoCabinet API ported to Windows](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/WIN32.md)**
* `2013-04-03` **[Java API binding available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/jejdb/)**
* `2013-03-20` **[Lua binding available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/luaejdb/)**
* `2013-02-15` **[EJDB Python3 binding available](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb-python)**
* `2013-02-07` **[Debian packages provided](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Debian-Ubuntu-installation)**
* `2013-01-22` **[Collection joins now supported](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Collection-joins)**

Features
================================
* LGPL license allows you to embed this library into proprietary software.
* [EJDB and TokyoCabinet API ported to Windows](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/WIN32.md)
* MongoDB-like queries and overall philosophy.
* [Collection joins](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Collection-joins)
* Collection level write locking.
* Collection level transactions.
* Node.js/Python/Lua/Java/Ruby/.Net/Go bindings
* [Adobe Air Native Extension (ANE) for EJDB] (https://github.com/thejustinwalsh/airejdb)
* [Pike language binding] (https://github.com/hww3/pike_modules-ejdb)

Documentation
================================

* **[The brief intro to the EJDB](http://blog.abigopal.com/post/51616277039/ejdb)**
* **[EJDB Command line interface](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/EJDB-Command-line-interface)**
* **[EJDB C Library](#ejdb-c-library)**
    * [Building & Installation](#building--installation)
    * [Samples](#ejdb-c-samples)
    * [C API](#c-api)
* **[Data Import/Export](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Data-Import-Export)**
* **[Collection joins](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Collection-joins)**
* **[Development FAQ](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Development-FAQ)**
* **Bindings**
    * **[C# .Net] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/tree/master/nejdb)**
    * **[NodeJS] (https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/node/)**
    * **[Python 2.7/3.x](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb-python)**
    * **[Lua](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/luaejdb/)**
    * **[Java](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/jejdb/)**
    * **[Ruby](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/rbejdb/)**
    * **[Objective-C](https://github.com/johnnyd/EJDBKit)**
    * **[Go](https://github.com/mkilling/goejdb/)**
    * **[Pike language] (https://github.com/hww3/pike_modules-ejdb)**
    * **[Adobe Air] (https://github.com/thejustinwalsh/airejdb)**



Community
================================
* **[ejdblab@twitter.com](https://twitter.com/ejdblab)**
* **We use [EJDB Google group](http://groups.google.com/group/ejdb) as our mailing list.**
* [Projects using EJDB](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Projects-using-EJDB)

EJDB NodeJS
=================================

One snippet intro
---------------------------------

```JavaScript
var EJDB = require("ejdb");
//Open zoo DB
var jb = EJDB.open("zoo", EJDB.DEFAULT_OPEN_MODE | EJDB.JBOTRUNC);

var parrot1 = {
    "name" : "Grenny",
    "type" : "African Grey",
    "male" : true,
    "age" : 1,
    "birthdate" : new Date(),
    "likes" : ["green color", "night", "toys"],
    "extra1" : null
};
var parrot2 = {
    "name" : "Bounty",
    "type" : "Cockatoo",
    "male" : false,
    "age" : 15,
    "birthdate" : new Date(),
    "likes" : ["sugar cane"]
};

jb.save("parrots", [parrot1, parrot2], function(err, oids) {
    if (err) {
        console.error(err);
        return;
    }
    console.log("Grenny OID: " + parrot1["_id"]);
    console.log("Bounty OID: " + parrot2["_id"]);

    jb.find("parrots",
            {"likes" : "toys"},
            {"$orderby" : {"name" : 1}},
            function(err, cursor, count) {
                if (err) {
                    console.error(err);
                    return;
                }
                console.log("Found " + count + " parrots");
                while (cursor.next()) {
                    console.log(cursor.field("name") + " likes toys!");
                }
                cursor.close(); //It's not mandatory to close cursor explicitly
                jb.close(); //Close the database
            });
});
```
**[EJDB NodeJS binding page](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/node)**

EJDB Python
==================================

One snippet intro
---------------------------------

```python
import pyejdb
from datetime import datetime

#Open database
ejdb = pyejdb.EJDB("zoo", pyejdb.DEFAULT_OPEN_MODE | pyejdb.JBOTRUNC)

parrot1 = {
    "name": "Grenny",
    "type": "African Grey",
    "male": True,
    "age": 1,
    "birthdate": datetime.utcnow(),
    "likes": ["green color", "night", "toys"],
    "extra1": None
}
parrot2 = {
    "name": "Bounty",
    "type": "Cockatoo",
    "male": False,
    "age": 15,
    "birthdate": datetime.utcnow(),
    "likes": ["sugar cane"],
    "extra1": None
}
ejdb.save("parrots2", parrot1, parrot2)

with ejdb.find("parrots2", {"likes" : "toys"},
          hints={"$orderby" : [("name", 1)]}) as cur:
    print("found %s parrots" % len(cur))
    for p in cur:
        print("%s likes toys!" % p["name"])

ejdb.close()
```
**[EJDB Python 2.7/3.x binding page](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb-python)**

EJDB Lua
==================================

One snippet intro
---------------------------------

```lua
local ejdb = require("ejdb")
local inspect = require("ejdb.inspect")
local Q = ejdb.Q

-- Used modes:
-- 'r' - read
-- 'w' - write
-- 'c' - create db if not exists
-- 't' - truncate existing db
local db = ejdb.open("zoo", "rwct")

-- Unordered lua table
local parrot1 = {
  name = "Grenny",
  type = "African Grey",
  male = true,
  age = 1,
  birthhdate = ejdb.toDateNow(),
  likes = { "green color", "night", "toys" },
  extra1 = ejdb.toNull()
}

-- Preserve order of BSON keys
local parrot2 = Q();
parrot2:KV("name", "Bounty"):KV("type", "Cockatoo"):KV("male", false)
parrot2:KV("age", 15):KV("birthdate",
  ejdb.toDate({ year = 2013, month = 1, day = 1, hour = 0, sec = 1 }))
parrot2:KV("likes", { "sugar cane" }):KV("extra1", ejdb.toNull())

--IF YOU WANT SOME DATA INSPECTIONS:
--print(ejdb.print_bson(parrot2:toBSON()))
--local obj = ejdb.from_bson(parrot2:toBSON())
--print(inspect(obj));

db:save("parrots2", parrot1)
db:save("parrots2", parrot2)

-- Below two equivalent queries:
-- Q1
local res, count, log =
db:find("parrots2", Q("likes", "toys"):OrderBy("name asc", "age desc"))
for i = 1, #res do -- iterate one
  local ob = res:object(i)
  print("" .. ob["name"] .. " likes toys #1")
end

-- Q2
local res, count, log =
db:find("parrots2", Q():F("likes"):Eq("toys"):OrderBy({ name = 1 }, { age = -1 }))
for i = 1, #res do -- iterate one
  print("" .. res:field(i, "name") .. " likes toys #2")
end

-- Second way to iterate
for vobj, idx in res() do
  print("" .. vobj["name"] .. " likes toys #3")
end

db:close()
```
**[EJDB Lua binding page](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/luaejdb)**

EJDB Go
==================================

One snippet intro
-----------------------------------

```go
package ejdbtutorial

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/mkilling/goejdb"
    "labix.org/v2/mgo/bson"
    "os"
)

func main() {
    // Create a new database file and open it
    jb, err := goejdb.Open("addressbook", JBOWRITER | JBOCREAT | JBOTRUNC)
    if err != nil {
        os.Exit(1)
    }
    // Get or create collection 'contacts'
    coll, _ := jb.CreateColl("contacts", nil)

    // Insert one record:
    // JSON: {'name' : 'Bruce', 'phone' : '333-222-333', 'age' : 58}
    rec := map[string]interface{} {"name" : "Bruce", "phone" : "333-222-333", "age" : 58}
    bsrec, _ := bson.Marshal(rec)
    coll.SaveBson(bsrec)
    fmt.Printf("\nSaved Bruce")

    // Now execute query
    res, _ := coll.Find(`{"name" : {"$begin" : "Bru"}}`) // Name starts with 'Bru' string
    fmt.Printf("\n\nRecords found: %d\n", len(res))

    // Now print the result set records
    for _, bs := range res {
        var m map[string]interface{}
        bson.Unmarshal(bs, &m)
        fmt.Println(m)
    }

    // Close database
    jb.Close()
}
```
**[EJDB Go binding page](https://github.com/mkilling/goejdb)**


EJDB Ruby
==================================

One snippet intro
---------------------------------

```Ruby
require "rbejdb"

#Open zoo DB
jb = EJDB.open("zoo", EJDB::DEFAULT_OPEN_MODE | EJDB::JBOTRUNC)

parrot1 = {
    "name" => "Grenny",
    "type" => "African Grey",
    "male" => true,
    "age" => 1,
    "birthdate" => Time.now,
    "likes" => ["green color", "night", "toys"],
    "extra1" => nil
}
parrot2 = {
    "name" => "Bounty",
    "type" => "Cockatoo",
    "male" => false,
    "age" => 15,
    "birthdate" => Time.now,
    "likes" => ["sugar cane"],
    "extra1" => nil
}

jb.save("parrots", parrot1, parrot2)
puts "Grenny OID: #{parrot1["_id"]}"
puts "Bounty OID: #{parrot2["_id"]}"

results = jb.find("parrots", {"likes" => "toys"}, {"$orderby" => {"name" => 1}})

puts "Found #{results.count} parrots"

results.each { |res|
  puts "#{res['name']} likes toys!"
}

results.close #It's not mandatory to close cursor explicitly
jb.close #Close the database

```
**[EJDB Ruby binding page](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/rbejdb/)**


EJDB Adobe AIR
==================================

One snippet intro
---------------------------------

```as3
// Open the zoo DB
var db:EJDBDatabase = EJDB.open("zoo", EJDB.DEFAULT_OPEN_MODE | EJDB.JBOTRUNC) as EJDBDatabase;

var parrot1:Object = {
	"name" : "Grenny",
	"type" : "African Grey",
	"male" : true,
	"age" : 1,
	"birthdate" : new Date(),
	"likes" : ["green color", "night", "toys"],
	"extra1" : null
};
var parrot2:Object = {
	"name" : "Bounty",
	"type" : "Cockatoo",
	"male" : false,
	"age" : 15,
	"birthdate" : new Date(),
	"likes" : ["sugar cane"]
};

var oids:Array = db.save("parrots", [parrot1, parrot2]);
trace("Grenny OID: " + parrot1._id);
trace("Bounty OID: " + parrot2._id);

var cursor:EJDBCursor = db.find("parrots",
	{"likes" : "toys"},
	[],
	{"$orderby" : {"name" : 1}}
);

trace("Found " + cursor.length + " parrots");
while (cursor.next()) {
	trace(cursor.field("name") + " likes toys!");
}

cursor.close(); // It IS mandatory to close cursor explicitly to free up resources
db.close(); // Close the database
```
**[Adobe Air Native Extension (ANE) for EJDB] (https://github.com/thejustinwalsh/airejdb)**

EJDB C Library
==================================

One snippet intro
-----------------------------------

```C
#include <tcejdb/ejdb.h>

static EJDB *jb;

int main() {
    jb = ejdbnew();
    if (!ejdbopen(jb, "addressbook", JBOWRITER | JBOCREAT | JBOTRUNC)) {
        return 1;
    }
    //Get or create collection 'contacts'
    EJCOLL *coll = ejdbcreatecoll(jb, "contacts", NULL);

    bson bsrec;
    bson_oid_t oid;

    //Insert one record:
    //JSON: {'name' : 'Bruce', 'phone' : '333-222-333', 'age' : 58}
    bson_init(&bsrec);
    bson_append_string(&bsrec, "name", "Bruce");
    bson_append_string(&bsrec, "phone", "333-222-333");
    bson_append_int(&bsrec, "age", 58);
    bson_finish(&bsrec);
    //Save BSON
    ejdbsavebson(coll, &bsrec, &oid);
    fprintf(stderr, "\nSaved Bruce");
    bson_destroy(&bsrec);

    //Now execute query
    //QUERY: {'name' : {'$begin' : 'Bru'}} //Name starts with 'Bru' string
    bson bq1;
    bson_init_as_query(&bq1);
    bson_append_start_object(&bq1, "name");
    bson_append_string(&bq1, "$begin", "Bru");
    bson_append_finish_object(&bq1);
    bson_finish(&bq1);

    EJQ *q1 = ejdbcreatequery(jb, &bq1, NULL, 0, NULL);

    uint32_t count;
    TCLIST *res = ejdbqryexecute(coll, q1, &count, 0, NULL);
    fprintf(stderr, "\n\nRecords found: %d\n", count);

    //Now print the result set records
    for (int i = 0; i < TCLISTNUM(res); ++i) {
        void *bsdata = TCLISTVALPTR(res, i);
        bson_print_raw(bsdata, 0);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "\n");

    //Dispose result set
    tclistdel(res);

    //Dispose query
    ejdbquerydel(q1);
    bson_destroy(&bq1);

    //Close database
    ejdbclose(jb);
    ejdbdel(jb);
    return 0;
}
```

You can save this code in `csnippet.c` And build:

```sh
gcc -std=c99 -Wall -pedantic  -c -o csnippet.o csnippet.c
gcc -o csnippet csnippet.o -ltcejdb
```

Building & Installation
--------------------------------
 * [Installation on windows](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/WIN32.md)
 * [Installation on Debian/Ubuntu](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/wiki/Debian-Ubuntu-installation)

Manual installation
-------------------------------

### Prerequisites
**System libraries:**

* gcc
* zlib-dev

### Build and install

```sh
   cd ./tcejdb
   ./configure --prefix=<installation prefix> && make && make check
   make install
```
* library name: **tcejdb** (with pkgconfig)
* main include header: ```<tcejdb/ejdb.h>```

C API
---------------------------------
EJDB API presented in **[ejdb.h](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/ejdb.h)** C header file.

JSON processing API: **[bson.h](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/blob/master/tcejdb/bson.h)**

Queries
---------------------------------

~~~~~~
/**
 * Create query object.
 * Sucessfully created queries must be destroyed with ejdbquerydel().
 *
 * EJDB queries inspired by MongoDB (mongodb.org) and follows same philosophy.
 *
 *  - Supported queries:
 *      - Simple matching of String OR Number OR Array value:
 *          -   {'fpath' : 'val', ...}
 *      - $not Negate operation.
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$not' : val}} //Field not equal to val
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$not' : {'$begin' : prefix}}} //Field not begins with val
 *      - $begin String starts with prefix
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$begin' : prefix}}
 *      - $gt, $gte (>, >=) and $lt, $lte for number types:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$gt' : number}, ...}
 *      - $bt Between for number types:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$bt' : [num1, num2]}}
 *      - $in String OR Number OR Array val matches to value in specified array:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$in' : [val1, val2, val3]}}
 *      - $nin - Not IN
 *      - $strand String tokens OR String array val matches all tokens in specified array:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$strand' : [val1, val2, val3]}}
 *      - $stror String tokens OR String array val matches any token in specified array:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$stror' : [val1, val2, val3]}}
 *      - $exists Field existence matching:
 *          -   {'fpath' : {'$exists' : true|false}}
 *      - $icase Case insensitive string matching:
 *          -    {'fpath' : {'$icase' : 'val1'}} //icase matching
 *          Ignore case matching with '$in' operation:
 *          -    {'name' : {'$icase' : {'$in' : ['tHéâtre - театр', 'heLLo WorlD']}}}
 *          For case insensitive matching you can create special index of type: `JBIDXISTR`
 *     - $elemMatch The $elemMatch operator matches more than one component within an array element.
 *          -  { array: { $elemMatch: { value1 : 1, value2 : { $gt: 1 } } } }
 *          Restriction: only one $elemMatch allowed in context of one array field.
 *      - $and, $or joining:
 *          -   {..., $and : [subq1, subq2, ...] }
 *          -   {..., $or  : [subq1, subq2, ...] }
 *          Example: {z : 33, $and : [ {$or : [{a : 1}, {b : 2}]}, {$or : [{c : 5}, {d : 7}]} ] }
 *
 *      - Mongodb $(projection) operator supported. (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/projection/positional/#proj._S_)
 *      - Mongodb positional $ update operator supported. (http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/operator/positional/)
 *
 *
 *  - Queries can be used to update records:
 *       $set Field set operation.
 *           - {.., '$set' : {'field1' : val1, 'fieldN' : valN}}
 *       $upsert Atomic upsert. If matching records are found it will be '$set' operation,
 *              otherwise new record will be inserted with fields specified by argment object.
 *           - {.., '$upsert' : {'field1' : val1, 'fieldN' : valN}}
 *       $inc Increment operation. Only number types are supported.
 *           - {.., '$inc' : {'field1' : number, ...,  'field1' : number}
 *       $dropall In-place record removal operation.
 *           - {.., '$dropall' : true}
 *       $addToSet Atomically adds value to the array only if its not in the array already.
 *                    If containing array is missing it will be created.
 *           - {.., '$addToSet' : {'fpath' : val1, 'fpathN' : valN, ...}}
 *       $addToSetAll Batch version if $addToSet
 *           - {.., '$addToSetAll' : {'fpath' : [array of values to add], ...}}
 *       $pull Atomically removes all occurrences of value from field, if field is an array.
 *           - {.., '$pull' : {'fpath' : val1, 'fpathN' : valN, ...}}
 *       $pullAll Batch version of $pull
 *           - {.., '$pullAll' : {'fpath' : [array of values to remove], ...}}
 *
 *  NOTE: Negate operations: $not and $nin not using indexes
 *  so they can be slow in comparison to other matching operations.
 *
 *  NOTE: Only one index can be used in search query operation.
 *
 *  QUERY HINTS (specified by `hints` argument):
 *      - $max Maximum number in the result set
 *      - $skip Number of skipped results in the result set
 *      - $orderby Sorting order of query fields.
 *      - $fields Set subset of fetched fields
            If a field presented in $orderby clause it will be forced to include in resulting records.
 *          Example:
 *          hints:    {
 *                      "$orderby" : { //ORDER BY field1 ASC, field2 DESC
 *                          "field1" : 1,
 *                          "field2" : -1
 *                      },
 *                      "$fields" : { //SELECT ONLY {_id, field1, field2}
 *                          "field1" : 1,
 *                          "field2" : 1
 *                      }
 *                    }
 *
 * Many query examples can be found in `testejdb/t2.c` test case.
 *
 * @param EJDB database handle.
 * @param qobj Main BSON query object.
 * @param orqobjs Array of additional OR query objects (joined with OR predicate).
 * @param orqobjsnum Number of OR query objects.
 * @param hints BSON object with query hints.
 * @return On success return query handle. On error returns NULL.
 */
EJDB_EXPORT EJQ* ejdbcreatequery(EJDB *jb, bson *qobj, bson *orqobjs, int orqobjsnum, bson *hints);
~~~~~~

EJDB C Samples
------------------------------------
You can find some code samples in:

* [tcejdb/samples](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/tree/master/tcejdb/samples)
* [tcejdb/testejdb](https://github.com/Softmotions/ejdb/tree/master/tcejdb/testejdb)

Basic EJDB architecture
------------------------------------
**EJDB database files structure**

~~~~~~
.
├── <dbname>
├── <dbname>_<collection1>
├── ...
├── <dbname>_<collectionN>
└── <dbname>_<collectionN>_<fieldpath>.<index ext>
~~~~~~

Where

* ```<dbname>``` - name of database. It is metadata DB.
* ```<collectionN>``` - name of collection. Collection database.
* ```<fieldpath>``` - JSON field path used in index
* ```<index ext>``` - Collection index extension:
    * ```.lex``` String index
    * ```.dec``` Number index
    * ```.tok``` Array index

Limitations
------------------------------------
* One ejdb database can handle up to 1024 collections.
* Indexes for objects in nested arrays currently not supported (#37)

TODO
------------------------------------
* Collect collection index statistic