path: root/dracut.8

.TH DRACUT 8 "June 2009" "Linux"
.SH NAME
switch_root \- switch to another filesystem as the root of the mount tree.
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBdracut\fR [\fIOPTION\fR]... \fI<image>\fR  \fI<kernel-version>\fR

.SH DESCRIPTION
.B switch_root
\fBdracut\fR creates an initial image used by the kernel for
preloading the block device modules (such as IDE, SCSI or RAID)
which are needed to access the root filesystem.

.SH OPTIONS
.TP
.BR \-f ", " \-\-force
overwrite existing initramfs file.
.TP
.BR \-m ", " \-\-modules " \fILIST\fR"
specify a space-separated list of dracut modules to call 
when building the initramfs. 
Modules are located in 
.IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d .
.TP
.BR \-o ", " \-\-omit " \fILIST\fR"
omit a space-separated list of dracut modules.
.TP
.BR \-a ", " \-\-add " \fILIST\fR"
add a space-separated list of dracut modules.
.TP
.BR \-d ", " \-\-drivers " \fILIST\fR"
specify a space-separated list of kernel modules to include in the initramfs.
.TP
.BR \-k ", " \-\-kmoddir " \fI[DIR]\fR   
specify the directory, where to look for kernel modules
.TP
.BR " \-\-fwdir " \fI[DIR]\fR   
specify additional directory, where to look for firmwares
.TP
.BR \-\-kernel-only
only install kernel drivers and firmware files
.TP
.BR \-\-no-kernel
do not install kernel drivers and firmware files
.TP
.BR \-h ", " \-\-help
display help text and exit. 
.TP
.B \-\-debug
output debug information of the build process
.TP
.BR \-v ", " \-\-verbose
verbose output during the build process
.TP
.BR \-c ", " \-\-conf " \fIFILE\fR"
specify configuration file to use.
Default: 
.IR /etc/dracut.conf
.TP
.BR \-l ", " \-\-local
local mode. Use modules from the current working
directory instead of the system-wide installed in
.IR /usr/share/dracut/modules.d .
Useful when running dracut from a git checkout.
.TP
.BR \-H ", " \-\-hostonly
Host-Only mode: Install only what is needed for
booting the local host instead of a generic host.
.TP
.BR \-i ", " \-\-include " \fISOURCE\fR" "" " \fITARGET\fR"
include the files in the SOURCE directory into the
target directory in the final initramfs.
.TP
.BR \-I ", " \-\-install " \fILIST\fR"
install the space separated list of files into the initramfs.

.SH KERNEL COMMAND LINE
The root filesystem used by the kernel is specified in the boot configuration
file, as always. The traditional \fBroot=/dev/hda1\fR style device 
specification is allowed. If a label is used, as in \fBroot=LABEL=rootPart\fR
the initrd will search all available devices for an ext2 or ext3 filesystem
with the appropriate label, and mount that device as the root filesystem.
\fBroot=UUID=uuidnumber\fR will mount the partition with that UUID as the 
root filesystem.

.SH Standard
.TP
.B init=<path to real init>
.TP
.B root=<path to blockdevice>
specify e.g. \fI/dev/sda1\fR or
\fI/dev/disk/by-path/pci-0000:00:1f.1-scsi-0:0:1:0-part1\fR

.SH I18N
e.g. LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYTABLE=de-latin1-nodeadkeys
.TP
.B KEYBOARDTYPE=sun|pc
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
.TP
.B KEYTABLE=<keytable filename>
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/keyboard in the initramfs
.TP
.B SYSFONT= Console font
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
.TP
.B SYSFONTACM= Unicode font map
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
.TP
.B UNIMAP= Unicode font map
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs
.TP
.B LANG=<locale>
will be written to /etc/sysconfig/i18n in the initramfs

.SH Bootsplash - plymouth
.TP
.B rd_plytheme=<theme name>
specify the plymouth bootsplash theme (fallback is text)

.SH LVM
.TP
.B rd_NO_LVM
disable LVM detection
.TP
.B rd_LVM_VG=<volume group name>
only activate the volume groups with the given name

.SH crypto LUKS
.TP
.B rd_NO_LUKS
disable crypto LUKS detection
.TP
.B rd_LUKS_UUID=<luks uuid>
only activate the LUKS partitions with the given UUID

.SH MD
.TP
.B rd_NO_MD
disable MD RAID detection
.TP
.B rd_NO_MDIMSM
no MD RAID for imsm/isw raids, use dmraid instead
.TP
.B rd_MD_UUID=<md uuid>
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID

.SH DMRAID
.TP
.B rd_NO_DM
disable DM RAID detection
.TP
.B rd_DM_UUID=<dmraid uuid>
only activate the raid sets with the given UUID

.SH DHCP
.TP
.B root=dhcp
get IP from dhcp server, root-path option from dhcp specifies root location

.SH NFS
.TP
.B root=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
mount nfs share from <server-ip>:/<root-dir>, if no server-ip is given,
use dhcp next_server. 
NFS options can be appended with the prefix "." or ","
.TP
.B root=nfs:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>] 
.TP
.B root=nfs4:[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[:<nfs-options>]
.TP
.B root=dhcp 
root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NFS 
options can be specified.
    root-path=<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
    root-path=nfs:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
    root-path=nfs4:<server-ip>:<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] 
.TP
.B root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>]
\fBDeprecated!\fR kernel Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt defines 
this method.  
This is supported by dracut but not recommended.

.SH iSCSI
.TP
.B root=iscsi:[<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
protocol defaults to "6", LUN defaults to "0".

If the "servername" field is provided by BOOTP or DHCP, then that
field is used in conjunction with other associated fields to contact
the boot server in the Boot stage (Section 7).  However, if the
"servername" field is not provided, then the "targetname" field is
then used in the Discovery Service stage in conjunction with other
associated fields.

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4173

.TP
.B root=iscsi:[<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname>
e.g. root=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0

.TP
.B root=??? netroot=iscsi:[<servername>]:[<protocol>]:[<port>]:[<LUN>]:<targetname> ...
multiple netroot options allow setting up multiple iscsi disks
e.g. 
   root=UUID=12424547 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target0 netroot=iscsi:192.168.50.1::::iqn.2009-06.dracut:target1
.B not yet implemented
.TP
.B root=??? iscsi_initiator= iscsi_target_name= iscsi_target_ip= iscsi_target_port= iscsi_target_group= iscsi_username=  iscsi_password= iscsi_in_username= iscsi_in_password=

.TP
.B root=??? iscsi_firmware
will read the iscsi parameter from the BIOS firmware

.SH NBD
.TP
.B root=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
mount nbd share from <server>
.TP
.B root=dhcp 
   with dhcp root-path=nbd:<server>:<port>[:<fstype>][:<mountopts>]
root=dhcp alone directs initrd to look at the DHCP root-path where NBD options can be specified.
This syntax is only usable in cases where you are directly mounting the volume as the rootfs.

.SH Network
.TP bootdev=<interface>
.B specify the network interface to boot from
.TP
.B ip=[dhcp|on|any]
get ip from dhcp server from all interfaces. If root=dhcp, loop sequentially through all interfaces (eth0, eth1, ...) and use the first with a valid DHCP root-path.
.TP
.B ip=<interface>:[dhcp|on|any]
get ip from dhcp server on a specific interface
.TP
.B ip=<client-IP-number>:<gateway-IP-number>:<netmask>:<client-hostname>:<interface>:[dhcp|on|any|]
explicit network configuration

.SH Misc
.TP
.B rdblacklist=<drivername>
do not load kernel module <drivername>

.SH Debug
.TP
.B rdshell
drop to a shell, if the imitramfs fails
.TP
.B rdinitdebug
set -x for the dracut shell
.TP
.B rdbreak=[pre-udev|pre-mount|mount|pre-pivot|]
drop the shell on defined breakpoint
.TP
.B rdudevinfo
set udev to loglevel info
.TP
.B rdudevdebug
set udev to loglevel debug
.TP
.B rdnetdebug
debug network scripts in dracut. Output is written to /tmp/

.SH CONFIGURATION IN INITRAMFS
.TP 
.B /conf/conf.d/
Any files found in /conf/conf.d/ will be sourced in the initramfs to 
set initial values. Command line options will override these values 
set in the configuration files.

.SH AUTHORS
.nf
Andreas Thienemann <andreas@bawue.net>
Bill Nottingham <notting@redhat.com>
Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
David Dillow <dave@thedillows.org>
Harald Hoyer <harald@redhat.com>
Jeremy Katz <katzj@redhat.com>
Peter Jones <pjones@redhat.com>
Seewer Philippe <philippe.seewer@bfh.ch>
Victor Lowther <victor.lowther@gmail.com>
Warren Togami <wtogami@redhat.com>
.fi
.SH AVAILABILITY
The dracut command is part of the dracut package and is available from
https://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/dracut/wiki