path: root/src/vm/assembly.cpp

// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

/*============================================================
**
** Header: Assembly.cpp
**
**
** Purpose: Implements assembly (loader domain) architecture
**
**
===========================================================*/

#include "common.h"

#include <stdlib.h>

#include "assembly.hpp"
#include "appdomain.hpp"
#include "assemblyname.hpp"



#include "eeprofinterfaces.h"
#include "reflectclasswriter.h"
#include "comdynamic.h"

#include <wincrypt.h>
#include "urlmon.h"
#include "sha1.h"

#include "eeconfig.h"
#include "strongname.h"

#include "ceefilegenwriter.h"
#include "assemblynative.hpp"
#include "threadsuspend.h"

#ifdef FEATURE_PREJIT
#include "corcompile.h"
#endif

#include "appdomainnative.hpp"
#include "customattribute.h"
#include "winnls.h"

#include "caparser.h"
#include "../md/compiler/custattr.h"
#include "mdaassistants.h"

#include "peimagelayout.inl"


// Define these macro's to do strict validation for jit lock and class init entry leaks.
// This defines determine if the asserts that verify for these leaks are defined or not.
// These asserts can sometimes go off even if no entries have been leaked so this defines
// should be used with caution.
//
// If we are inside a .cctor when the application shut's down then the class init lock's
// head will be set and this will cause the assert to go off.,
//
// If we are jitting a method when the application shut's down then the jit lock's head
// will be set causing the assert to go off.

//#define STRICT_JITLOCK_ENTRY_LEAK_DETECTION
//#define STRICT_CLSINITLOCK_ENTRY_LEAK_DETECTION


#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

// This value is to make it easier to diagnose Assembly Loader "grant set" crashes.
// See Dev11 bug 358184 for more details.

// This value is not thread safe and is not intended to be. It is just a best
// effort to collect more data on the problem. Is is possible, though unlikely,
// that thread A would record a reason for an upcoming crash,
// thread B would then record a different reason, and we would then
// crash on thread A, thus ending up with the recorded reason not matching
// the thread we crash in. Be aware of this when using this value
// to help your debugging.
DWORD g_dwLoaderReasonForNotSharing = 0; // See code:DomainFile::m_dwReasonForRejectingNativeImage for a similar variable.

// These will sometimes result in a crash with error code 0x80131401 SECURITY_E_INCOMPATIBLE_SHARE
// "Loading this assembly would produce a different grant set from other instances."
enum ReasonForNotSharing
{
    ReasonForNotSharing_NoInfoRecorded = 0x1,
    ReasonForNotSharing_NullDomainassembly = 0x2,
    ReasonForNotSharing_DebuggerFlagMismatch = 0x3,
    ReasonForNotSharing_NullPeassembly = 0x4,
    ReasonForNotSharing_MissingAssemblyClosure1 = 0x5,
    ReasonForNotSharing_MissingAssemblyClosure2 = 0x6,
    ReasonForNotSharing_MissingDependenciesResolved = 0x7,
    ReasonForNotSharing_ClosureComparisonFailed = 0x8,
};

#define NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER ((FriendAssemblyDescriptor *)S_FALSE)

//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// The ctor's job is to initialize the Assembly enough so that the dtor can safely run.
// It cannot do any allocations or operations that might fail. Those operations should be done
// in Assembly::Init()
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assembly::Assembly(BaseDomain *pDomain, PEAssembly* pFile, DebuggerAssemblyControlFlags debuggerFlags, BOOL fIsCollectible) :
    m_pDomain(pDomain),
    m_pClassLoader(NULL),
    m_pEntryPoint(NULL),
    m_pManifest(NULL),
    m_pManifestFile(clr::SafeAddRef(pFile)),
    m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor(NULL),
    m_isDynamic(false),
#ifdef FEATURE_COLLECTIBLE_TYPES
    m_isCollectible(fIsCollectible),
#endif
    m_nextAvailableModuleIndex(1),
    m_pLoaderAllocator(NULL),
    m_isDisabledPrivateReflection(0),
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
    m_pITypeLib(NULL),
    m_winMDStatus(WinMDStatus_Unknown),
    m_pManifestWinMDImport(NULL),
#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP
    m_debuggerFlags(debuggerFlags),
    m_fTerminated(FALSE)
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
    , m_InteropAttributeStatus(INTEROP_ATTRIBUTE_UNSET)
#endif
#ifdef FEATURE_PREJIT
    , m_isInstrumentedStatus(IS_INSTRUMENTED_UNSET)
#endif
{
    STANDARD_VM_CONTRACT;
}

// This name needs to stay in sync with AssemblyBuilder.ManifestModuleName
// which is used in AssemblyBuilder.InitManifestModule
#define REFEMIT_MANIFEST_MODULE_NAME W("RefEmit_InMemoryManifestModule")


//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Does most Assembly initialization tasks. It can assume the ctor has already run
// and the assembly is safely destructable. Whether this function throws or succeeds,
// it must leave the Assembly in a safely destructable state.
//----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
void Assembly::Init(AllocMemTracker *pamTracker, LoaderAllocator *pLoaderAllocator)
{
    STANDARD_VM_CONTRACT;

    if (IsSystem())
    {
        _ASSERTE(pLoaderAllocator == NULL); // pLoaderAllocator may only be non-null for collectible types
        m_pLoaderAllocator = SystemDomain::GetGlobalLoaderAllocator();
    }
    else
    {
        if (!IsCollectible())
        {
            // pLoaderAllocator will only be non-null for reflection emit assemblies
            _ASSERTE((pLoaderAllocator == NULL) || (pLoaderAllocator == GetDomain()->AsAppDomain()->GetLoaderAllocator()));
            m_pLoaderAllocator = GetDomain()->AsAppDomain()->GetLoaderAllocator();
        }
        else
        {
            _ASSERTE(pLoaderAllocator != NULL); // ppLoaderAllocator must be non-null for collectible assemblies

            m_pLoaderAllocator = pLoaderAllocator;
        }
    }
    _ASSERTE(m_pLoaderAllocator != NULL);

    m_pClassLoader = new ClassLoader(this);
    m_pClassLoader->Init(pamTracker);

#ifndef CROSSGEN_COMPILE
    if (GetManifestFile()->IsDynamic())
        // manifest modules of dynamic assemblies are always transient
        m_pManifest = ReflectionModule::Create(this, GetManifestFile(), pamTracker, REFEMIT_MANIFEST_MODULE_NAME, TRUE);
    else
#endif
        m_pManifest = Module::Create(this, mdFileNil, GetManifestFile(), pamTracker);

    PrepareModuleForAssembly(m_pManifest, pamTracker);

    CacheManifestFiles();

    if (!m_pManifest->IsReadyToRun())
        CacheManifestExportedTypes(pamTracker);


    // Check for the assemblies that contain SIMD Vector types.
    // If we encounter a non-trusted assembly with these names, we will simply not recognize any of its
    // methods as intrinsics.
    LPCUTF8 assemblyName = GetSimpleName();
    const int length = sizeof("System.Numerics") - 1;
    if ((strncmp(assemblyName, "System.Numerics", length) == 0) &&
        ((assemblyName[length] == '\0') || (strcmp(assemblyName+length, ".Vectors") == 0)))
    {
        m_fIsSIMDVectorAssembly = true;
    }
    else
    {
        m_fIsSIMDVectorAssembly = false;
    }

    // We'll load the friend assembly information lazily.  For the ngen case we should avoid
    //  loading it entirely.
    //CacheFriendAssemblyInfo();

    {
        CANNOTTHROWCOMPLUSEXCEPTION();
        FAULT_FORBID();
        //Cannot fail after this point.

        PublishModuleIntoAssembly(m_pManifest);

        return;  // Explicit return to let you know you are NOT welcome to add code after the CANNOTTHROW/FAULT_FORBID expires
    }
}

BOOL Assembly::IsDisabledPrivateReflection()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    enum { UNINITIALIZED, ENABLED, DISABLED};

    if (m_isDisabledPrivateReflection == UNINITIALIZED)
    {
        IMDInternalImport *pImport = GetManifestImport();
        HRESULT hr = pImport->GetCustomAttributeByName(GetManifestToken(), DISABLED_PRIVATE_REFLECTION_TYPE, NULL, 0);
        IfFailThrow(hr);

        if (hr == S_OK)
        {
            m_isDisabledPrivateReflection = DISABLED;
        }
        else
        {
            m_isDisabledPrivateReflection = ENABLED;
        }
    }

    return m_isDisabledPrivateReflection == DISABLED;
}

#ifndef CROSSGEN_COMPILE
Assembly::~Assembly()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        DISABLED(FORBID_FAULT); //Must clean up some profiler stuff
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    Terminate();

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor != NULL && m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor != NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
        delete m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor;

    if (m_pManifestFile)
    {
        m_pManifestFile->Release();
    }

#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
    if (m_pManifestWinMDImport)
    {
        m_pManifestWinMDImport->Release();
    }

    if (m_pITypeLib != nullptr && m_pITypeLib != Assembly::InvalidTypeLib)
    {
        m_pITypeLib->Release();
    }
#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP
}

#ifdef  FEATURE_PREJIT
void Assembly::DeleteNativeCodeRanges()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        GC_NOTRIGGER;
        MODE_PREEMPTIVE;
        FORBID_FAULT;
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    ModuleIterator i = IterateModules();
    while (i.Next()) 
            i.GetModule()->DeleteNativeCodeRanges();
}
#endif

#ifdef PROFILING_SUPPORTED
void ProfilerCallAssemblyUnloadStarted(Assembly* assemblyUnloaded)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    {
        BEGIN_PIN_PROFILER(CORProfilerPresent());
        GCX_PREEMP();
        g_profControlBlock.pProfInterface->AssemblyUnloadStarted((AssemblyID)assemblyUnloaded);
        END_PIN_PROFILER();
    }
}

void ProfilerCallAssemblyUnloadFinished(Assembly* assemblyUnloaded)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    {
        BEGIN_PIN_PROFILER(CORProfilerPresent());
        GCX_PREEMP();
        g_profControlBlock.pProfInterface->AssemblyUnloadFinished((AssemblyID) assemblyUnloaded, S_OK);
        END_PIN_PROFILER();
    }
}
#endif

void Assembly::StartUnload()
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_NOTHROW;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_GC_TRIGGERS;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_FORBID_FAULT;
#ifdef PROFILING_SUPPORTED
    if (CORProfilerTrackAssemblyLoads())
    {
        ProfilerCallAssemblyUnloadStarted(this);
    }
#endif
}

void Assembly::Terminate( BOOL signalProfiler )
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_NOTHROW;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_GC_TRIGGERS;

    STRESS_LOG1(LF_LOADER, LL_INFO100, "Assembly::Terminate (this = 0x%p)\n", reinterpret_cast<void *>(this));

    if (this->m_fTerminated)
        return;

    if (m_pClassLoader != NULL)
    {
        GCX_PREEMP();
        delete m_pClassLoader;
        m_pClassLoader = NULL;
    }

#ifdef PROFILING_SUPPORTED
    if (CORProfilerTrackAssemblyLoads())
    {
        ProfilerCallAssemblyUnloadFinished(this);
    }    
#endif // PROFILING_SUPPORTED

    this->m_fTerminated = TRUE;
}
#endif // CROSSGEN_COMPILE

Assembly * Assembly::Create(
    BaseDomain *                 pDomain, 
    PEAssembly *                 pFile, 
    DebuggerAssemblyControlFlags debuggerFlags, 
    BOOL                         fIsCollectible, 
    AllocMemTracker *            pamTracker, 
    LoaderAllocator *            pLoaderAllocator)
{
    STANDARD_VM_CONTRACT;

    NewHolder<Assembly> pAssembly (new Assembly(pDomain, pFile, debuggerFlags, fIsCollectible));

#ifdef PROFILING_SUPPORTED
    {
        BEGIN_PIN_PROFILER(CORProfilerTrackAssemblyLoads());
        GCX_COOP();
        g_profControlBlock.pProfInterface->AssemblyLoadStarted((AssemblyID)(Assembly *) pAssembly);
        END_PIN_PROFILER();
    }

    // Need TRY/HOOK instead of holder so we can get HR of exception thrown for profiler callback
    EX_TRY
#endif    
    {
        pAssembly->Init(pamTracker, pLoaderAllocator);
    }
#ifdef PROFILING_SUPPORTED
    EX_HOOK
    {
        {
            BEGIN_PIN_PROFILER(CORProfilerTrackAssemblyLoads());
            GCX_COOP();
            g_profControlBlock.pProfInterface->AssemblyLoadFinished((AssemblyID)(Assembly *) pAssembly,
                                                                    GET_EXCEPTION()->GetHR());
            END_PIN_PROFILER();
        }
    }
    EX_END_HOOK;
#endif
    pAssembly.SuppressRelease();
    
    return pAssembly;
} // Assembly::Create


#ifndef CROSSGEN_COMPILE
Assembly *Assembly::CreateDynamic(AppDomain *pDomain, CreateDynamicAssemblyArgs *args)
{
    // WARNING: not backout clean
    CONTRACT(Assembly *)
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        MODE_COOPERATIVE;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(args));
    }
    CONTRACT_END;
    
    // This must be before creation of the AllocMemTracker so that the destructor for the AllocMemTracker happens before the destructor for pLoaderAllocator.
    // That is necessary as the allocation of Assembly objects and other related details is done on top of heaps located in
    // the loader allocator objects.
    NewHolder<LoaderAllocator> pLoaderAllocator;

    AllocMemTracker amTracker;
    AllocMemTracker *pamTracker = &amTracker;
    
    Assembly *pRetVal = NULL;
    
    AppDomain  *pCallersDomain;
    MethodDesc *pmdEmitter = SystemDomain::GetCallersMethod(args->stackMark, &pCallersDomain);

    // Called either from interop or async delegate invocation. Rejecting because we don't
    // know how to set the correct permission on the new dynamic assembly.
    if (!pmdEmitter)
        COMPlusThrow(kInvalidOperationException);

    Assembly   *pCallerAssembly = pmdEmitter->GetAssembly();
    
    // First, we set up a pseudo-manifest file for the assembly.
    
    // Set up the assembly name
    
    STRINGREF strRefName = (STRINGREF) args->assemblyName->GetSimpleName();
    
    if (strRefName == NULL)
        COMPlusThrow(kArgumentException, W("ArgumentNull_AssemblyNameName"));
    
    StackSString name;
    strRefName->GetSString(name);
    
    if (name.GetCount() == 0)
        COMPlusThrow(kArgumentException, W("ArgumentNull_AssemblyNameName"));
    
    SString::Iterator i = name.Begin();
    if (COMCharacter::nativeIsWhiteSpace(*i)
        || name.Find(i, '\\')
        || name.Find(i, ':')
        || name.Find(i, '/'))
    {
        COMPlusThrow(kArgumentException, W("Argument_InvalidAssemblyName"));
    }
    
    // Set up the assembly manifest metadata
    // When we create dynamic assembly, we always use a working copy of IMetaDataAssemblyEmit
    // to store temporary runtime assembly information. This is to preserve the invariant that
    // an assembly must have a PEFile with proper metadata.
    // This working copy of IMetaDataAssemblyEmit will store every AssemblyRef as a simple name
    // reference as we must have an instance of Assembly(can be dynamic assembly) before we can
    // add such a reference. Also because the referenced assembly if dynamic strong name, it may
    // not be ready to be hashed!
    
    SafeComHolder<IMetaDataAssemblyEmit> pAssemblyEmit;
    PEFile::DefineEmitScope(
        IID_IMetaDataAssemblyEmit, 
        &pAssemblyEmit);
    
    // remember the hash algorithm
    ULONG ulHashAlgId = args->assemblyName->GetAssemblyHashAlgorithm();
    if (ulHashAlgId == 0)
        ulHashAlgId = CALG_SHA1;
    
    ASSEMBLYMETADATA assemData;
    memset(&assemData, 0, sizeof(assemData));
    
    // get the version info (default to 0.0.0.0 if none)
    VERSIONREF versionRef = (VERSIONREF) args->assemblyName->GetVersion();
    if (versionRef != NULL)
    {
        assemData.usMajorVersion = (USHORT)versionRef->GetMajor();
        assemData.usMinorVersion = (USHORT)versionRef->GetMinor();
        assemData.usBuildNumber = (USHORT)versionRef->GetBuild();
        assemData.usRevisionNumber = (USHORT)versionRef->GetRevision();
    }
    
    struct _gc
    {
        OBJECTREF cultureinfo;
        STRINGREF pString;
        OBJECTREF orArrayOrContainer;
        OBJECTREF throwable;
        OBJECTREF strongNameKeyPair;
    } gc;
    ZeroMemory(&gc, sizeof(gc));
    
    GCPROTECT_BEGIN(gc);
    
    StackSString culture;
    
    gc.cultureinfo = args->assemblyName->GetCultureInfo();
    if (gc.cultureinfo != NULL)
    {
        MethodDescCallSite getName(METHOD__CULTURE_INFO__GET_NAME, &gc.cultureinfo);
        
        ARG_SLOT args2[] = 
        {
            ObjToArgSlot(gc.cultureinfo)
        };
        
        // convert culture info into a managed string form
        gc.pString = getName.Call_RetSTRINGREF(args2);
        gc.pString->GetSString(culture);
        
        assemData.szLocale = (LPWSTR) (LPCWSTR) culture;
    }
    
    SBuffer publicKey;
    if (args->assemblyName->GetPublicKey() != NULL)
    {
        publicKey.Set(args->assemblyName->GetPublicKey()->GetDataPtr(),
                      args->assemblyName->GetPublicKey()->GetNumComponents());
    }
    

    // get flags
    DWORD dwFlags = args->assemblyName->GetFlags();
    
    // Now create a dynamic PE file out of the name & metadata
    PEAssemblyHolder pFile;

    {
        GCX_PREEMP();

        mdAssembly ma;
        IfFailThrow(pAssemblyEmit->DefineAssembly(publicKey, publicKey.GetSize(), ulHashAlgId,
                                                   name, &assemData, dwFlags,
                                                   &ma));
        pFile = PEAssembly::Create(pCallerAssembly->GetManifestFile(), pAssemblyEmit);

        // Dynamically created modules (aka RefEmit assemblies) do not have a LoadContext associated with them since they are not bound
        // using an actual binder. As a result, we will assume the same binding/loadcontext information for the dynamic assembly as its
        // caller/creator to ensure that any assembly loads triggered by the dynamic assembly are resolved using the intended load context.
        //
        // If the creator assembly has a HostAssembly associated with it, then use it for binding. Otherwise, the creator is dynamic
        // and will have a fallback load context binder associated with it.
        ICLRPrivBinder *pFallbackLoadContextBinder = nullptr;
        
        // There is always a manifest file - wehther working with static or dynamic assemblies.
        PEFile *pCallerAssemblyManifestFile = pCallerAssembly->GetManifestFile();
        _ASSERTE(pCallerAssemblyManifestFile != NULL);

        if (!pCallerAssemblyManifestFile->IsDynamic())
        {
            // Static assemblies with do not have fallback load context
            _ASSERTE(pCallerAssemblyManifestFile->GetFallbackLoadContextBinder() == nullptr);

            if (pCallerAssemblyManifestFile->IsSystem())
            {
                // CoreLibrary is always bound to TPA binder
                pFallbackLoadContextBinder = pDomain->GetTPABinderContext();
            }
            else
            {
                // Fetch the binder from the host assembly
                PTR_ICLRPrivAssembly pCallerAssemblyHostAssembly = pCallerAssemblyManifestFile->GetHostAssembly();
                _ASSERTE(pCallerAssemblyHostAssembly != nullptr);

                UINT_PTR assemblyBinderID = 0;
                IfFailThrow(pCallerAssemblyHostAssembly->GetBinderID(&assemblyBinderID));
                pFallbackLoadContextBinder = reinterpret_cast<ICLRPrivBinder *>(assemblyBinderID);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // Creator assembly is dynamic too, so use its fallback load context for the one
            // we are creating.
            pFallbackLoadContextBinder = pCallerAssemblyManifestFile->GetFallbackLoadContextBinder(); 
        }

        // At this point, we should have a fallback load context binder to work with
        _ASSERTE(pFallbackLoadContextBinder != nullptr);

        // Set it as the fallback load context binder for the dynamic assembly being created
        pFile->SetFallbackLoadContextBinder(pFallbackLoadContextBinder);
    }

    NewHolder<DomainAssembly> pDomainAssembly;

    {
        GCX_PREEMP();

        // Create a new LoaderAllocator if appropriate
        if ((args->access & ASSEMBLY_ACCESS_COLLECT) != 0)
        {
            AssemblyLoaderAllocator *pAssemblyLoaderAllocator = new AssemblyLoaderAllocator();
            pAssemblyLoaderAllocator->SetCollectible();
            pLoaderAllocator = pAssemblyLoaderAllocator;

            // Some of the initialization functions are not virtual. Call through the derived class
            // to prevent calling the base class version.
            pAssemblyLoaderAllocator->Init(pDomain);

            // Setup the managed proxy now, but do not actually transfer ownership to it.
            // Once everything is setup and nothing can fail anymore, the ownership will be
            // atomically transfered by call to LoaderAllocator::ActivateManagedTracking().
            pAssemblyLoaderAllocator->SetupManagedTracking(&args->loaderAllocator);
        }
        else
        {
            pLoaderAllocator = pDomain->GetLoaderAllocator();
            pLoaderAllocator.SuppressRelease();
        }

        // Create a domain assembly
        pDomainAssembly = new DomainAssembly(pDomain, pFile, pLoaderAllocator);
        if (pDomainAssembly->IsCollectible())
        {
            // We add the assembly to the LoaderAllocator only when we are sure that it can be added
            // and won't be deleted in case of a concurrent load from the same ALC
            ((AssemblyLoaderAllocator *)(LoaderAllocator *)pLoaderAllocator)->AddDomainAssembly(pDomainAssembly);
        }
    }

    // Start loading process
    {
        // Create a concrete assembly
        // (!Do not remove scoping brace: order is important here: the Assembly holder must destruct before the AllocMemTracker!)
        NewHolder<Assembly> pAssem;
        
        {
            GCX_PREEMP();
            // Assembly::Create will call SuppressRelease on the NewHolder that holds the LoaderAllocator when it transfers ownership
            pAssem = Assembly::Create(pDomain, pFile, pDomainAssembly->GetDebuggerInfoBits(), args->access & ASSEMBLY_ACCESS_COLLECT ? TRUE : FALSE, pamTracker, pLoaderAllocator);
            
            ReflectionModule* pModule = (ReflectionModule*) pAssem->GetManifestModule();
            pModule->SetCreatingAssembly( pCallerAssembly );


            if ((args->access & ASSEMBLY_ACCESS_COLLECT) != 0)
            {
                // Initializing the virtual call stub manager is delayed to remove the need for the LoaderAllocator destructor to properly handle
                // uninitializing the VSD system. (There is a need to suspend the runtime, and that's tricky)
                pLoaderAllocator->InitVirtualCallStubManager(pDomain);
            }
        }

        pAssem->m_isDynamic = true;

        //we need to suppress release for pAssem to avoid double release
        pAssem.SuppressRelease ();

        {
            GCX_PREEMP();

            // Finish loading process
            // <TODO> would be REALLY nice to unify this with main loading loop </TODO>
            pDomainAssembly->Begin();
            pDomainAssembly->SetAssembly(pAssem);
            pDomainAssembly->m_level = FILE_LOAD_ALLOCATE;
            pDomainAssembly->DeliverSyncEvents();
            pDomainAssembly->DeliverAsyncEvents();
            pDomainAssembly->FinishLoad();
            pDomainAssembly->ClearLoading();
            pDomainAssembly->m_level = FILE_ACTIVE;
        }

        {
            CANNOTTHROWCOMPLUSEXCEPTION();
            FAULT_FORBID();

            //Cannot fail after this point

            pDomainAssembly.SuppressRelease(); // This also effectively suppresses the release of the pAssem 
            pamTracker->SuppressRelease();

            // Once we reach this point, the loader allocator lifetime is controlled by the Assembly object.
            if ((args->access & ASSEMBLY_ACCESS_COLLECT) != 0)
            {
                // Atomically transfer ownership to the managed heap
                pLoaderAllocator->ActivateManagedTracking();
                pLoaderAllocator.SuppressRelease();
            }

            pAssem->SetIsTenured();
            pRetVal = pAssem;
        }
    }
    GCPROTECT_END();

    RETURN pRetVal;
} // Assembly::CreateDynamic


#endif // CROSSGEN_COMPILE

void Assembly::SetDomainAssembly(DomainAssembly *pDomainAssembly)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pDomainAssembly));
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    GetManifestModule()->SetDomainFile(pDomainAssembly);

} // Assembly::SetDomainAssembly

#endif // #ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

DomainAssembly *Assembly::GetDomainAssembly(AppDomain *pDomain)
{
    CONTRACT(DomainAssembly *)
    {
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pDomain, NULL_NOT_OK));
        POSTCONDITION(CheckPointer(RETVAL));
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    RETURN GetManifestModule()->GetDomainAssembly(pDomain);
}

DomainAssembly *Assembly::FindDomainAssembly(AppDomain *pDomain)
{
    CONTRACT(DomainAssembly *)
    {
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pDomain));
        POSTCONDITION(CheckPointer(RETVAL, NULL_OK));
        NOTHROW;
        GC_NOTRIGGER;
        FORBID_FAULT;
        SUPPORTS_DAC;
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    PREFIX_ASSUME (GetManifestModule() !=NULL); 
    RETURN GetManifestModule()->FindDomainAssembly(pDomain);
}

PTR_LoaderHeap Assembly::GetLowFrequencyHeap()
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    return GetLoaderAllocator()->GetLowFrequencyHeap();
}

PTR_LoaderHeap Assembly::GetHighFrequencyHeap()
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    return GetLoaderAllocator()->GetHighFrequencyHeap();
}


PTR_LoaderHeap Assembly::GetStubHeap()
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    return GetLoaderAllocator()->GetStubHeap();
}


PTR_BaseDomain Assembly::GetDomain()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;
    SUPPORTS_DAC;

    _ASSERTE(m_pDomain);
    return (m_pDomain);
}

#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

void Assembly::SetParent(BaseDomain* pParent)
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;

    m_pDomain = pParent;
}

#endif // !DACCCESS_COMPILE

mdFile Assembly::GetManifestFileToken(LPCSTR name)
{

    return mdFileNil;
}

mdFile Assembly::GetManifestFileToken(IMDInternalImport *pImport, mdFile kFile)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    SUPPORTS_DAC;

    LPCSTR name;
    if ((TypeFromToken(kFile) != mdtFile) || 
        !pImport->IsValidToken(kFile))
    {
        BAD_FORMAT_NOTHROW_ASSERT(!"Invalid File token");
        return mdTokenNil;
    }
    
    if (FAILED(pImport->GetFileProps(kFile, &name, NULL, NULL, NULL)))
    {
        BAD_FORMAT_NOTHROW_ASSERT(!"Invalid File token");
        return mdTokenNil;
    }
    
    return GetManifestFileToken(name);
}

Module *Assembly::FindModuleByExportedType(mdExportedType mdType,
                                           Loader::LoadFlag loadFlag,
                                           mdTypeDef mdNested,
                                           mdTypeDef* pCL)
{
    CONTRACT(Module *)
    {
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) NOTHROW; else THROWS;
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) GC_NOTRIGGER; else GC_TRIGGERS;
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) FORBID_FAULT; else INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        MODE_ANY;
        POSTCONDITION(CheckPointer(RETVAL, loadFlag==Loader::Load ? NULL_NOT_OK : NULL_OK));
        SUPPORTS_DAC;
    }
    CONTRACT_END
    
    mdToken mdLinkRef;
    mdToken mdBinding;
    
    IMDInternalImport *pManifestImport = GetManifestImport();
    
    IfFailThrow(pManifestImport->GetExportedTypeProps(
        mdType, 
        NULL, 
        NULL, 
        &mdLinkRef,     // Impl
        &mdBinding,     // Hint
        NULL));         // dwflags
    
    // Don't trust the returned tokens.
    if (!pManifestImport->IsValidToken(mdLinkRef))
    {
        if (loadFlag != Loader::Load)
        {
            RETURN NULL;
        }
        else
        {
            ThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, BFA_INVALID_TOKEN);
        }
    }
    
    switch(TypeFromToken(mdLinkRef)) {
    case mdtAssemblyRef:
        {
            *pCL = mdTypeDefNil;  // We don't trust the mdBinding token

            Assembly *pAssembly = NULL;
            switch(loadFlag) 
            {
                case Loader::Load:
                {
#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE
                    // LoadAssembly never returns NULL
                    DomainAssembly * pDomainAssembly =
                        GetManifestModule()->LoadAssembly(::GetAppDomain(), mdLinkRef);
                    PREFIX_ASSUME(pDomainAssembly != NULL);

                    RETURN pDomainAssembly->GetCurrentModule();
#else
                    _ASSERTE(!"DAC shouldn't attempt to trigger loading");
                    return NULL;
#endif // !DACCESS_COMPILE
                };
                case Loader::DontLoad: 
                    pAssembly = GetManifestModule()->GetAssemblyIfLoaded(mdLinkRef);
                    break;
                case Loader::SafeLookup:
                    pAssembly = GetManifestModule()->LookupAssemblyRef(mdLinkRef);
                    break;
                default:
                    _ASSERTE(FALSE);
            }  
            
            if (pAssembly)
                RETURN pAssembly->GetManifestModule();
            else
                RETURN NULL;

        }

    case mdtFile:
        {
            // We may not want to trust this TypeDef token, since it
            // was saved in a scope other than the one it was defined in
            if (mdNested == mdTypeDefNil)
                *pCL = mdBinding;
            else
                *pCL = mdNested;

            // Note that we don't want to attempt a LoadModule if a GetModuleIfLoaded will
            // succeed, because it has a stronger contract.
            Module *pModule = GetManifestModule()->GetModuleIfLoaded(mdLinkRef, TRUE, FALSE);
#ifdef DACCESS_COMPILE
            return pModule;
#else
            if (pModule != NULL)
                RETURN pModule;

            if(loadFlag==Loader::SafeLookup)
                return NULL;

            // We should never get here in the GC case - the above should have succeeded.
            CONSISTENCY_CHECK(!FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED());

            DomainFile * pDomainModule = GetManifestModule()->LoadModule(::GetAppDomain(), mdLinkRef, FALSE, loadFlag!=Loader::Load);

            if (pDomainModule == NULL)
                RETURN NULL;
            else
            {
                pModule = pDomainModule->GetCurrentModule();
                if (pModule == NULL)
                {
                    _ASSERTE(loadFlag!=Loader::Load);
                }

                RETURN pModule;
            }
#endif // DACCESS_COMPILE
        }

    case mdtExportedType:
        // Only override the nested type token if it hasn't been set yet.
        if (mdNested != mdTypeDefNil)
            mdBinding = mdNested;

        RETURN FindModuleByExportedType(mdLinkRef, loadFlag, mdBinding, pCL);

    default:
        ThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, BFA_INVALID_TOKEN_TYPE);
    }
} // Assembly::FindModuleByExportedType


// The returned Module is non-NULL unless you prevented the load by setting loadFlag=Loader::DontLoad.
/* static */
Module * Assembly::FindModuleByTypeRef(
    Module *         pModule, 
    mdTypeRef        tkType,
    Loader::LoadFlag loadFlag, 
    BOOL *           pfNoResolutionScope)
{
    CONTRACT(Module *)
    {
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) NOTHROW; else THROWS;
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) GC_NOTRIGGER; else GC_TRIGGERS;
        if (FORBIDGC_LOADER_USE_ENABLED()) FORBID_FAULT; else { INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM();); }

        MODE_ANY;

        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pModule));
        PRECONDITION(TypeFromToken(tkType) == mdtTypeRef);
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pfNoResolutionScope));
        POSTCONDITION( CheckPointer(RETVAL, loadFlag==Loader::Load ? NULL_NOT_OK : NULL_OK) );
        SUPPORTS_DAC;
    }
    CONTRACT_END

    // WARNING! Correctness of the type forwarder detection algorithm in code:ClassLoader::ResolveTokenToTypeDefThrowing
    // relies on this function not performing any form of type forwarding itself.

    IMDInternalImport * pImport;
    mdTypeRef           tkTopLevelEncloserTypeRef;

    pImport = pModule->GetMDImport();
    if (TypeFromToken(tkType) != mdtTypeRef)
    {
        ThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, BFA_INVALID_TOKEN_TYPE);
    }
    
    {
        // Find the top level encloser
        GCX_NOTRIGGER();
        
        // If nested, get top level encloser's impl
        int iter = 0;
        int maxIter = 1000;
        do
        {
            _ASSERTE(TypeFromToken(tkType) == mdtTypeRef);
            tkTopLevelEncloserTypeRef = tkType;
            
            if (!pImport->IsValidToken(tkType) || iter >= maxIter)
            {
                break;
            }
            
            IfFailThrow(pImport->GetResolutionScopeOfTypeRef(tkType, &tkType));
            
            // nil-scope TR okay if there's an ExportedType
            // Return manifest file
            if (IsNilToken(tkType))
            {
                *pfNoResolutionScope = TRUE;
                RETURN(pModule);
            }
            iter++;
        }
        while (TypeFromToken(tkType) == mdtTypeRef);
    }
    
    *pfNoResolutionScope = FALSE;
    
#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE
    if (!pImport->IsValidToken(tkType)) // redundant check only when invalid token already found.
    {
        THROW_BAD_FORMAT(BFA_BAD_TYPEREF_TOKEN, pModule);
    }
#endif //!DACCESS_COMPILE

    switch (TypeFromToken(tkType))
    {
        case mdtModule:
        {
            // Type is in the referencing module.
            GCX_NOTRIGGER();
            CANNOTTHROWCOMPLUSEXCEPTION();
            RETURN( pModule );
        }

        case mdtModuleRef:
        {
            if ((loadFlag != Loader::Load) || IsGCThread() || IsStackWalkerThread())
            {
                // Either we're not supposed to load, or we're doing a GC or stackwalk
                // in which case we shouldn't need to load.  So just look up the module
                // and return what we find.
                RETURN(pModule->LookupModule(tkType,FALSE));
            }
            
#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE
            DomainFile * pActualDomainFile = pModule->LoadModule(::GetAppDomain(), tkType, FALSE, loadFlag!=Loader::Load);
            if (pActualDomainFile == NULL)
            {
                RETURN NULL;
            }
            else
            {
                RETURN(pActualDomainFile->GetModule());
            }

#else //DACCESS_COMPILE
            _ASSERTE(loadFlag!=Loader::Load);
            DacNotImpl();
            RETURN NULL;
#endif //DACCESS_COMPILE
        }
        break;

        case mdtAssemblyRef:
        {
            // Do this first because it has a strong contract
            Assembly * pAssembly = NULL;
            
#if defined(FEATURE_COMINTEROP) || !defined(DACCESS_COMPILE)
            LPCUTF8 szNamespace = NULL;
            LPCUTF8 szClassName = NULL;
#endif
            
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
            if (pModule->HasBindableIdentity(tkType))
#endif// FEATURE_COMINTEROP
            {
                if (loadFlag == Loader::SafeLookup)
                {
                    pAssembly = pModule->LookupAssemblyRef(tkType);
                }
                else
                {
                    pAssembly = pModule->GetAssemblyIfLoaded(tkType);
                }
            }
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
            else
            {
                _ASSERTE(IsAfContentType_WindowsRuntime(pModule->GetAssemblyRefFlags(tkType)));
                
                if (FAILED(pImport->GetNameOfTypeRef(
                    tkTopLevelEncloserTypeRef, 
                    &szNamespace, 
                    &szClassName)))
                {
                    THROW_BAD_FORMAT(BFA_BAD_TYPEREF_TOKEN, pModule);
                }
                
                pAssembly = pModule->GetAssemblyIfLoaded(
                        tkType, 
                        szNamespace, 
                        szClassName, 
                        NULL);  // pMDImportOverride                
            }
#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP
            
            if (pAssembly != NULL)
            {
                RETURN pAssembly->m_pManifest;
            }

#ifdef DACCESS_COMPILE
            RETURN NULL;
#else
            if (loadFlag != Loader::Load)
            {
                RETURN NULL;
            }

            
            DomainAssembly * pDomainAssembly = pModule->LoadAssembly(
                    ::GetAppDomain(), 
                    tkType, 
                    szNamespace, 
                    szClassName);


            if (pDomainAssembly == NULL)
                RETURN NULL;
            
            pAssembly = pDomainAssembly->GetCurrentAssembly();
            if (pAssembly == NULL)
            {
                RETURN NULL;
            }
            else
            {
                RETURN pAssembly->m_pManifest;
            }
#endif //!DACCESS_COMPILE
        }

    default:
        ThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, BFA_INVALID_TOKEN_TYPE);
    }
} // Assembly::FindModuleByTypeRef

#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

Module *Assembly::FindModuleByName(LPCSTR pszModuleName)
{
    CONTRACT(Module *)
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        MODE_ANY;
        POSTCONDITION(CheckPointer(RETVAL));
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    CQuickBytes qbLC;

    // Need to perform case insensitive hashing.
    UTF8_TO_LOWER_CASE(pszModuleName, qbLC);
    pszModuleName = (LPUTF8) qbLC.Ptr();

    mdFile kFile = GetManifestFileToken(pszModuleName);
    if (kFile == mdTokenNil)
        ThrowHR(COR_E_UNAUTHORIZEDACCESS);

    if (this == SystemDomain::SystemAssembly())
        RETURN m_pManifest->GetModuleIfLoaded(kFile, TRUE, TRUE);
    else
        RETURN m_pManifest->LoadModule(::GetAppDomain(), kFile)->GetModule();
}

void Assembly::CacheManifestExportedTypes(AllocMemTracker *pamTracker)
{
    CONTRACT_VOID
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    // Prejitted assemblies are expected to have their table prebuilt.
    // If not, we do it here at load time (as if we would jit the assembly).

    if (m_pManifest->IsPersistedObject(m_pManifest->m_pAvailableClasses))
        RETURN;

    mdToken mdExportedType;

    HENUMInternalHolder phEnum(GetManifestImport());
    phEnum.EnumInit(mdtExportedType,
                    mdTokenNil);

    ClassLoader::AvailableClasses_LockHolder lh(m_pClassLoader);

    for(int i = 0; GetManifestImport()->EnumNext(&phEnum, &mdExportedType); i++)
        m_pClassLoader->AddExportedTypeHaveLock(GetManifestModule(),
                                                mdExportedType,
                                                pamTracker);

    RETURN;
}
void Assembly::CacheManifestFiles()
{
}


//<TODO>@TODO: if module is not signed it needs to acquire the
//permissions from the assembly.</TODO>
void Assembly::PrepareModuleForAssembly(Module* module, AllocMemTracker *pamTracker)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(module));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;
    
    if (module->m_pAvailableClasses != NULL && !module->IsPersistedObject(module->m_pAvailableClasses)) 
    {
        // ! We intentionally do not take the AvailableClass lock here. It creates problems at
        // startup and we haven't yet published the module yet so nobody should be searching it.
        m_pClassLoader->PopulateAvailableClassHashTable(module, pamTracker);
    }


#ifdef DEBUGGING_SUPPORTED
    // Modules take the DebuggerAssemblyControlFlags down from its
    // parent Assembly initially.
    module->SetDebuggerInfoBits(GetDebuggerInfoBits());

    LOG((LF_CORDB, LL_INFO10, "Module %s: bits=0x%x\n",
         module->GetFile()->GetSimpleName(),
         module->GetDebuggerInfoBits()));
#endif // DEBUGGING_SUPPORTED

    m_pManifest->EnsureFileCanBeStored(module->GetModuleRef());
}

// This is the final step of publishing a Module into an Assembly. This step cannot fail.
void Assembly::PublishModuleIntoAssembly(Module *module)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        FORBID_FAULT;
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    GetManifestModule()->EnsuredStoreFile(module->GetModuleRef(), module);
    FastInterlockIncrement((LONG*)&m_pClassLoader->m_cUnhashedModules);
}





//*****************************************************************************
// Set up the list of names of any friend assemblies
void Assembly::CacheFriendAssemblyInfo()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor == NULL)
    {
        FriendAssemblyDescriptor *pFriendAssemblies = FriendAssemblyDescriptor::CreateFriendAssemblyDescriptor(this->GetManifestFile());
        if (pFriendAssemblies == NULL)
        {
            pFriendAssemblies = NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER;
        }

        void *pvPreviousDescriptor = InterlockedCompareExchangeT(&m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor,
                                                                 pFriendAssemblies,
                                                                 NULL);

        if (pvPreviousDescriptor != NULL && pFriendAssemblies != NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
        {
            if (pFriendAssemblies != NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
            {
                delete pFriendAssemblies;
            }
        }
    }
} // void Assembly::CacheFriendAssemblyInfo()

//*****************************************************************************
// Is the given assembly a friend of this assembly?
bool Assembly::GrantsFriendAccessTo(Assembly *pAccessingAssembly, FieldDesc *pFD)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    CacheFriendAssemblyInfo();

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor == NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
    {
        return false;
    }

    return m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor->GrantsFriendAccessTo(pAccessingAssembly, pFD);
}

bool Assembly::GrantsFriendAccessTo(Assembly *pAccessingAssembly, MethodDesc *pMD)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    CacheFriendAssemblyInfo();

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor == NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
    {
        return false;
    }

    return m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor->GrantsFriendAccessTo(pAccessingAssembly, pMD);
}

bool Assembly::GrantsFriendAccessTo(Assembly *pAccessingAssembly, MethodTable *pMT)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    CacheFriendAssemblyInfo();

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor == NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
    {
        return false;
    }

    return m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor->GrantsFriendAccessTo(pAccessingAssembly, pMT);
}

bool Assembly::IgnoresAccessChecksTo(Assembly *pAccessedAssembly)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pAccessedAssembly));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    CacheFriendAssemblyInfo();

    if (m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor == NO_FRIEND_ASSEMBLIES_MARKER)
    {
        return false;
    }

    if (pAccessedAssembly->IsDisabledPrivateReflection())
    {
        return false;
    }

    return m_pFriendAssemblyDescriptor->IgnoresAccessChecksTo(pAccessedAssembly);
}


#ifndef CROSSGEN_COMPILE

enum CorEntryPointType
{
    EntryManagedMain,                   // void main(String[])
    EntryCrtMain                        // unsigned main(void)
};

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN ThrowMainMethodException(MethodDesc* pMD, UINT resID)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        MODE_ANY;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM());
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    DefineFullyQualifiedNameForClassW();
    LPCWSTR szClassName = GetFullyQualifiedNameForClassW(pMD->GetMethodTable());
    LPCUTF8 szUTFMethodName;
    if (FAILED(pMD->GetMDImport()->GetNameOfMethodDef(pMD->GetMemberDef(), &szUTFMethodName)))
    {
        szUTFMethodName = "Invalid MethodDef record";
    }
    PREFIX_ASSUME(szUTFMethodName!=NULL);
    MAKE_WIDEPTR_FROMUTF8(szMethodName, szUTFMethodName);
    COMPlusThrowHR(COR_E_METHODACCESS, resID, szClassName, szMethodName);
}

// Returns true if this is a valid main method?
void ValidateMainMethod(MethodDesc * pFD, CorEntryPointType *pType)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        MODE_ANY;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM());

        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pType));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    // Must be static, but we don't care about accessibility
    if ((pFD->GetAttrs() & mdStatic) == 0)
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_MAIN_METHOD_MUST_BE_STATIC);

    if (pFD->GetNumGenericClassArgs() != 0 || pFD->GetNumGenericMethodArgs() != 0)
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_LOAD_BAD_MAIN_SIG);

    // Check for types
    SigPointer sig(pFD->GetSigPointer());

    ULONG nCallConv;
    if (FAILED(sig.GetData(&nCallConv)))
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, BFA_BAD_SIGNATURE);
    
    if (nCallConv != IMAGE_CEE_CS_CALLCONV_DEFAULT)
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_LOAD_BAD_MAIN_SIG);

    ULONG nParamCount;
    if (FAILED(sig.GetData(&nParamCount)))
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, BFA_BAD_SIGNATURE);
    

    CorElementType nReturnType;
    if (FAILED(sig.GetElemType(&nReturnType)))
        ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, BFA_BAD_SIGNATURE);
    
    if ((nReturnType != ELEMENT_TYPE_VOID) && (nReturnType != ELEMENT_TYPE_I4) && (nReturnType != ELEMENT_TYPE_U4))
         ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_MAIN_METHOD_HAS_INVALID_RTN);

    if (nParamCount == 0)
        *pType = EntryCrtMain;
    else {
        *pType = EntryManagedMain;

        if (nParamCount != 1)
            ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_TO_MANY_ARGUMENTS_IN_MAIN);

        CorElementType argType;
        CorElementType argType2 = ELEMENT_TYPE_END;

        if (FAILED(sig.GetElemType(&argType)))
            ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, BFA_BAD_SIGNATURE);

        if (argType == ELEMENT_TYPE_SZARRAY)
            if (FAILED(sig.GetElemType(&argType2)))
                ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, BFA_BAD_SIGNATURE);
            
        if (argType != ELEMENT_TYPE_SZARRAY || argType2 != ELEMENT_TYPE_STRING)
            ThrowMainMethodException(pFD, IDS_EE_LOAD_BAD_MAIN_SIG);
    }
}

/* static */
HRESULT RunMain(MethodDesc *pFD ,
                short numSkipArgs,
                INT32 *piRetVal,
                PTRARRAYREF *stringArgs /*=NULL*/)
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;
    _ASSERTE(piRetVal);

    DWORD       cCommandArgs = 0;  // count of args on command line
    LPWSTR      *wzArgs = NULL; // command line args
    HRESULT     hr = S_OK;

    *piRetVal = -1;

    // The exit code for the process is communicated in one of two ways.  If the
    // entrypoint returns an 'int' we take that.  Otherwise we take a latched
    // process exit code.  This can be modified by the app via setting
    // Environment's ExitCode property.
    //
    // When we're executing the default exe main in the default domain, set the latched exit code to 
    // zero as a default.  If it gets set to something else by user code then that value will be returned. 
    //
    // StringArgs appears to be non-null only when the main method is explicitly invoked via the hosting api
    // or through creating a subsequent domain and running an exe within it.  In those cases we don't
    // want to reset the (global) latched exit code.
    if (stringArgs == NULL)
        SetLatchedExitCode(0);

    if (!pFD) {
        _ASSERTE(!"Must have a function to call!");
        return E_FAIL;
    }

    CorEntryPointType EntryType = EntryManagedMain;
    ValidateMainMethod(pFD, &EntryType);

    if ((EntryType == EntryManagedMain) &&
        (stringArgs == NULL)) {
        return E_INVALIDARG;
    }

    ETWFireEvent(Main_V1);

    struct Param
    {
        MethodDesc *pFD;
        short numSkipArgs;
        INT32 *piRetVal;
        PTRARRAYREF *stringArgs;
        CorEntryPointType EntryType;
        DWORD cCommandArgs;
        LPWSTR *wzArgs;
    } param;
    param.pFD = pFD;
    param.numSkipArgs = numSkipArgs;
    param.piRetVal = piRetVal;
    param.stringArgs = stringArgs;
    param.EntryType = EntryType;
    param.cCommandArgs = cCommandArgs;
    param.wzArgs = wzArgs;

    EX_TRY_NOCATCH(Param *, pParam, &param)
    {
        MethodDescCallSite  threadStart(pParam->pFD);
        
        PTRARRAYREF StrArgArray = NULL;
        GCPROTECT_BEGIN(StrArgArray);

        // Build the parameter array and invoke the method.
        if (pParam->EntryType == EntryManagedMain) {
            if (pParam->stringArgs == NULL) {
                // Allocate a COM Array object with enough slots for cCommandArgs - 1
                StrArgArray = (PTRARRAYREF) AllocateObjectArray((pParam->cCommandArgs - pParam->numSkipArgs), g_pStringClass);

                // Create Stringrefs for each of the args
                for (DWORD arg = pParam->numSkipArgs; arg < pParam->cCommandArgs; arg++) {
                    STRINGREF sref = StringObject::NewString(pParam->wzArgs[arg]);
                    StrArgArray->SetAt(arg - pParam->numSkipArgs, (OBJECTREF) sref);
                }
            }
            else
                StrArgArray = *pParam->stringArgs;
        }

        ARG_SLOT stackVar = ObjToArgSlot(StrArgArray);

        if (pParam->pFD->IsVoid()) 
        {
            // Set the return value to 0 instead of returning random junk
            *pParam->piRetVal = 0;
            threadStart.Call(&stackVar);
        }
        else 
        {
            *pParam->piRetVal = (INT32)threadStart.Call_RetArgSlot(&stackVar);
            SetLatchedExitCode(*pParam->piRetVal);
        }

        GCPROTECT_END();

        //<TODO>
        // When we get mainCRTStartup from the C++ then this should be able to go away.</TODO>
        fflush(stdout);
        fflush(stderr);
    }
    EX_END_NOCATCH

    ETWFireEvent(MainEnd_V1);

    return hr;
}

static void RunMainPre()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;

    _ASSERTE(GetThread() != 0);
    g_fWeControlLifetime = TRUE;
}

static void RunMainPost()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        MODE_ANY;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(GetThread()));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    GCX_PREEMP();
    ThreadStore::s_pThreadStore->WaitForOtherThreads();

    DWORD dwSecondsToSleep = g_pConfig->GetSleepOnExit();

    // if dwSeconds is non-zero then we will sleep for that many seconds
    // before we exit this allows the vaDumpCmd to detect that our process
    // has gone idle and this allows us to get a vadump of our process at
    // this point in it's execution
    //
    if (dwSecondsToSleep != 0)
    {
        ClrSleepEx(dwSecondsToSleep * 1000, FALSE);   
    }
}

static void RunStartupHooks()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        MODE_COOPERATIVE;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    MethodDescCallSite processStartupHooks(METHOD__STARTUP_HOOK_PROVIDER__PROCESS_STARTUP_HOOKS);
    processStartupHooks.Call(NULL);
}

INT32 Assembly::ExecuteMainMethod(PTRARRAYREF *stringArgs, BOOL waitForOtherThreads)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        INSTANCE_CHECK;
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        MODE_ANY;
        ENTRY_POINT;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM());
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    // reset the error code for std C
    errno=0; 

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    INT32   iRetVal = 0;

    BEGIN_ENTRYPOINT_THROWS;

    Thread *pThread = GetThread();
    MethodDesc *pMeth;
    {
        // This thread looks like it wandered in -- but actually we rely on it to keep the process alive.
        pThread->SetBackground(FALSE);
    
        GCX_COOP();

        pMeth = GetEntryPoint();

        if (pMeth) {
            {
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
                GCX_PREEMP();

                Thread::ApartmentState state = Thread::AS_Unknown;
                state = SystemDomain::GetEntryPointThreadAptState(pMeth->GetMDImport(), pMeth->GetMemberDef());
                SystemDomain::SetThreadAptState(state);
#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP
            }

            RunMainPre();

            // Set the root assembly as the assembly that is containing the main method
            // The root assembly is used in the GetEntryAssembly method that on CoreCLR is used
            // to get the TargetFrameworkMoniker for the app
            AppDomain * pDomain = pThread->GetDomain();
            pDomain->SetRootAssembly(pMeth->GetAssembly());

            RunStartupHooks();

            hr = RunMain(pMeth, 1, &iRetVal, stringArgs);
        }
    }

    //RunMainPost is supposed to be called on the main thread of an EXE,
    //after that thread has finished doing useful work.  It contains logic
    //to decide when the process should get torn down.  So, don't call it from
    // AppDomain.ExecuteAssembly()
    if (pMeth) {
        if (waitForOtherThreads)
            RunMainPost();
    }
    else {
        StackSString displayName;
        GetDisplayName(displayName);
        COMPlusThrowHR(COR_E_MISSINGMETHOD, IDS_EE_FAILED_TO_FIND_MAIN, displayName);
    }
    
    IfFailThrow(hr);
    
    END_ENTRYPOINT_THROWS;
    return iRetVal;
}
#endif // CROSSGEN_COMPILE

MethodDesc* Assembly::GetEntryPoint()
{
    CONTRACT(MethodDesc*)
    {
        THROWS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        MODE_ANY;

        // Can return NULL if no entry point.
        POSTCONDITION(CheckPointer(RETVAL, NULL_OK));
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    if (m_pEntryPoint)
        RETURN m_pEntryPoint;

    mdToken mdEntry = m_pManifestFile->GetEntryPointToken();
    if (IsNilToken(mdEntry))
        RETURN NULL;

    Module *pModule = NULL;
    switch(TypeFromToken(mdEntry)) {
    case mdtFile:
        pModule = m_pManifest->LoadModule(::GetAppDomain(), mdEntry, FALSE)->GetModule();
        
        mdEntry = pModule->GetEntryPointToken();
        if ( (TypeFromToken(mdEntry) != mdtMethodDef) ||
             (!pModule->GetMDImport()->IsValidToken(mdEntry)) )
            pModule = NULL;
        break;
        
    case mdtMethodDef:
        if (m_pManifestFile->GetPersistentMDImport()->IsValidToken(mdEntry))
            pModule = m_pManifest;
        break;
    }

    // May be unmanaged entrypoint
    if (!pModule)
        RETURN NULL;

    // We need to get its properties and the class token for this MethodDef token.
    mdToken mdParent;
    if (FAILED(pModule->GetMDImport()->GetParentToken(mdEntry, &mdParent))) {
        StackSString displayName;
        GetDisplayName(displayName);
        COMPlusThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, IDS_EE_ILLEGAL_TOKEN_FOR_MAIN, displayName);
    }

    // For the entrypoint, also validate if the paramList is valid or not. We do this check
    // by asking for the return-value  (sequence 0) parameter to MDInternalRO::FindParamOfMethod. 
    // Incase the parameter list is invalid, CLDB_E_FILE_CORRUPT will be returned 
    // byMDInternalRO::FindParamOfMethod and we will bail out. 
    // 
    // If it does not exist (return value CLDB_E_RECORD_NOTFOUND) or if it is found (S_OK),
    // we do not bother as the values would have come upon ensuring a valid parameter record
    // list.
    mdParamDef pdParam;
    HRESULT hrValidParamList = pModule->GetMDImport()->FindParamOfMethod(mdEntry, 0, &pdParam);
    if (hrValidParamList == CLDB_E_FILE_CORRUPT)
    {
        // Throw an exception for bad_image_format (because of corrupt metadata)
        StackSString displayName;
        GetDisplayName(displayName);
        COMPlusThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, IDS_EE_ILLEGAL_TOKEN_FOR_MAIN, displayName);
    }

    if (mdParent != COR_GLOBAL_PARENT_TOKEN) {
        GCX_COOP();
        // This code needs a class init frame, because without it, the
        // debugger will assume any code that results from searching for a
        // type handle (ie, loading an assembly) is the first line of a program.
        FrameWithCookie<DebuggerClassInitMarkFrame> __dcimf;
            
        MethodTable * pInitialMT = ClassLoader::LoadTypeDefOrRefThrowing(pModule, mdParent, 
                                                                       ClassLoader::ThrowIfNotFound,
                                                                       ClassLoader::FailIfUninstDefOrRef).GetMethodTable();

        m_pEntryPoint = MemberLoader::FindMethod(pInitialMT, mdEntry);

        __dcimf.Pop();
    }
    else
    {
        m_pEntryPoint = pModule->FindMethod(mdEntry);
    }
    
    RETURN m_pEntryPoint;
}

#ifndef CROSSGEN_COMPILE
OBJECTREF Assembly::GetExposedObject()
{
    CONTRACT(OBJECTREF)
    {
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        THROWS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        MODE_COOPERATIVE;
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    RETURN GetDomainAssembly()->GetExposedAssemblyObject();
}
#endif // CROSSGEN_COMPILE

/* static */
BOOL Assembly::FileNotFound(HRESULT hr)
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;
    return IsHRESULTForExceptionKind(hr, kFileNotFoundException) || 
#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
           (hr == RO_E_METADATA_NAME_NOT_FOUND) || 
#endif //FEATURE_COMINTEROP
           (hr == CLR_E_BIND_TYPE_NOT_FOUND);
}


BOOL Assembly::GetResource(LPCSTR szName, DWORD *cbResource,
                              PBYTE *pbInMemoryResource, Assembly** pAssemblyRef,
                              LPCSTR *szFileName, DWORD *dwLocation,
                              BOOL fSkipRaiseResolveEvent)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;
    
    DomainAssembly *pAssembly = NULL;
    BOOL result = GetDomainAssembly()->GetResource(szName, cbResource,
                                                   pbInMemoryResource, &pAssembly,
                                                   szFileName, dwLocation,
                                                   fSkipRaiseResolveEvent);
    if (result && pAssemblyRef != NULL && pAssembly != NULL)
        *pAssemblyRef = pAssembly->GetAssembly();

    return result;
}

#ifdef FEATURE_PREJIT
BOOL Assembly::IsInstrumented()
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_GC_TRIGGERS;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_FAULT;

    // This will set the value of m_isInstrumentedStatus by calling IsInstrumentedHelper()
    // that method performs string pattern matching using the Config value of ZapBBInstr
    // We cache the value returned from that method in m_isInstrumentedStatus
    //
    if (m_isInstrumentedStatus == IS_INSTRUMENTED_UNSET)
    {
        EX_TRY
        {
            FAULT_NOT_FATAL();

            if (IsInstrumentedHelper())
            {
                m_isInstrumentedStatus = IS_INSTRUMENTED_TRUE;
            }
            else
            {
                m_isInstrumentedStatus = IS_INSTRUMENTED_FALSE;
            }
        }

        EX_CATCH
        {
            m_isInstrumentedStatus = IS_INSTRUMENTED_FALSE;
        }
        EX_END_CATCH(RethrowTerminalExceptions);
    }

    // At this point m_isInstrumentedStatus can't have the value of IS_INSTRUMENTED_UNSET
    _ASSERTE(m_isInstrumentedStatus != IS_INSTRUMENTED_UNSET);

    return (m_isInstrumentedStatus == IS_INSTRUMENTED_TRUE);
}

BOOL Assembly::IsInstrumentedHelper()
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_GC_TRIGGERS;
    STATIC_CONTRACT_FAULT;

    // Dynamic Assemblies cannot be instrumented
    if (IsDynamic())
        return false;

    // We must have a native image in order to perform IBC instrumentation
    if (!GetManifestFile()->HasNativeOrReadyToRunImage())
        return false;
    
    // @Consider using the full name instead of the short form
    // (see GetFusionAssemblyName()->IsEqual).

    LPCUTF8 szZapBBInstr = g_pConfig->GetZapBBInstr();
    LPCUTF8 szAssemblyName = GetSimpleName();

    if (!szZapBBInstr || !szAssemblyName ||
        (*szZapBBInstr == '\0') || (*szAssemblyName == '\0'))
        return false;

    // Convert to unicode so that we can do a case insensitive comparison

    SString instrumentedAssemblyNamesList(SString::Utf8, szZapBBInstr);
    SString assemblyName(SString::Utf8, szAssemblyName);

    const WCHAR *wszInstrumentedAssemblyNamesList = instrumentedAssemblyNamesList.GetUnicode();
    const WCHAR *wszAssemblyName                  = assemblyName.GetUnicode();

    // wszInstrumentedAssemblyNamesList is a space separated list of assembly names. 
    // We need to determine if wszAssemblyName is in this list.
    // If there is a "*" in the list, then all assemblies match.

    const WCHAR * pCur = wszInstrumentedAssemblyNamesList;

    do
    {
        _ASSERTE(pCur[0] != W('\0'));
        const WCHAR * pNextSpace = wcschr(pCur, W(' '));
        _ASSERTE(pNextSpace == NULL || pNextSpace[0] == W(' '));
        
        if (pCur != pNextSpace)
        {
            // pCur is not pointing to a space
            _ASSERTE(pCur[0] != W(' '));
            
            if (pCur[0] == W('*') && (pCur[1] == W(' ') || pCur[1] == W('\0')))
                return true;

            if (pNextSpace == NULL)
            {
                // We have reached the last name in the list. There are no more spaces.
                return (SString::_wcsicmp(wszAssemblyName, pCur) == 0);
            }
            else
            {
                if (SString::_wcsnicmp(wszAssemblyName, pCur, static_cast<COUNT_T>(pNextSpace - pCur)) == 0)
                    return true;
            }
        }

        pCur = pNextSpace + 1;
    }
    while (pCur[0] != W('\0'));

    return false;    
}
#endif // FEATURE_PREJIT


#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP

ITypeLib * const Assembly::InvalidTypeLib = (ITypeLib *)-1;

ITypeLib* Assembly::GetTypeLib()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        FORBID_FAULT;
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    ITypeLib *pTlb = m_pITypeLib;
    if (pTlb != nullptr && pTlb != Assembly::InvalidTypeLib)
        pTlb->AddRef();

    return pTlb;
} // ITypeLib* Assembly::GetTypeLib()

bool Assembly::TrySetTypeLib(_In_ ITypeLib *pNew)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        FORBID_FAULT;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pNew));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    ITypeLib *pOld = InterlockedCompareExchangeT(&m_pITypeLib, pNew, nullptr);
    if (pOld != nullptr)
        return false;

    if (pNew != Assembly::InvalidTypeLib)
        pNew->AddRef();

    return true;
} // void Assembly::SetTypeLib()

#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP

//***********************************************************
// Add an assembly to the assemblyref list. pAssemEmitter specifies where
// the AssemblyRef is emitted to.
//***********************************************************
mdAssemblyRef Assembly::AddAssemblyRef(Assembly *refedAssembly, IMetaDataAssemblyEmit *pAssemEmitter, BOOL fUsePublicKeyToken)
{
    CONTRACT(mdAssemblyRef)
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(refedAssembly));
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pAssemEmitter, NULL_NOT_OK));
        POSTCONDITION(!IsNilToken(RETVAL));
        POSTCONDITION(TypeFromToken(RETVAL) == mdtAssemblyRef);
    }
    CONTRACT_END;

    SafeComHolder<IMetaDataAssemblyEmit> emitHolder;

    AssemblySpec spec;
    spec.InitializeSpec(refedAssembly->GetManifestFile());

    if (refedAssembly->IsCollectible())
    {
        if (this->IsCollectible())
            this->GetLoaderAllocator()->EnsureReference(refedAssembly->GetLoaderAllocator());
        else
            COMPlusThrow(kNotSupportedException, W("NotSupported_CollectibleBoundNonCollectible"));
    }

    mdAssemblyRef ar;
    IfFailThrow(spec.EmitToken(pAssemEmitter, &ar, fUsePublicKeyToken));

    RETURN ar;
}   // Assembly::AddAssemblyRef

//***********************************************************
// Add a typedef to the runtime TypeDef table of this assembly
//***********************************************************
void Assembly::AddType(
    Module          *pModule,
    mdTypeDef       cl)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    AllocMemTracker amTracker;

    if (pModule->GetAssembly() != this)
    {
        // you cannot add a typedef outside of the assembly to the typedef table
        _ASSERTE(!"Bad usage!");
    }
    m_pClassLoader->AddAvailableClassDontHaveLock(pModule,
                                                  cl,
                                                  &amTracker);
    amTracker.SuppressRelease();
}

//***********************************************************
// Add an ExportedType to the runtime TypeDef table of this assembly
//***********************************************************
void Assembly::AddExportedType(mdExportedType cl)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    AllocMemTracker amTracker;
    m_pClassLoader->AddExportedTypeDontHaveLock(GetManifestModule(),
        cl,
        &amTracker);
    amTracker.SuppressRelease();
}




HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE
GetAssembliesByName(LPCWSTR  szAppBase,
                    LPCWSTR  szPrivateBin,
                    LPCWSTR  szAssemblyName,
                    IUnknown *ppIUnk[],
                    ULONG    cMax,
                    ULONG    *pcAssemblies)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        NOTHROW;
        MODE_PREEMPTIVE;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(return E_OUTOFMEMORY;);
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    HRESULT hr = S_OK;

    if (g_fEEInit) {
        // Cannot call this during EE startup
        return MSEE_E_ASSEMBLYLOADINPROGRESS;
    }

    if (!(szAssemblyName && ppIUnk && pcAssemblies))
        return E_POINTER;

    hr = COR_E_NOTSUPPORTED;

    return hr;
}// Used by the IMetadata API's to access an assemblies metadata.

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(LPCUTF8 pszFullName, UINT resIDWhy)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    ThrowTypeLoadException(NULL, pszFullName, NULL,
                           resIDWhy);
}

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(LPCUTF8 pszNameSpace, LPCUTF8 pszTypeName,
                                                        UINT resIDWhy)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    ThrowTypeLoadException(pszNameSpace, pszTypeName, NULL,
                           resIDWhy);

}

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(NameHandle *pName, UINT resIDWhy)
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;

    if (pName->GetName()) {
        ThrowTypeLoadException(pName->GetNameSpace(),
                               pName->GetName(), 
                               NULL, 
                               resIDWhy);
    }
    else
        ThrowTypeLoadException(pName->GetTypeModule()->GetMDImport(),
                               pName->GetTypeToken(),
                               resIDWhy);

}

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(IMDInternalImport *pInternalImport,
                                                        mdToken token,
                                                        UINT resIDWhy)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    ThrowTypeLoadException(pInternalImport, token, NULL, resIDWhy);
}

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(IMDInternalImport *pInternalImport,
                                                        mdToken token,
                                                        LPCUTF8 pszFieldOrMethodName,
                                                        UINT resIDWhy)
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;
    char pszBuff[32];
    LPCUTF8 pszClassName = (LPCUTF8)pszBuff;
    LPCUTF8 pszNameSpace = "Invalid_Token";

    if(pInternalImport->IsValidToken(token))
    {
        switch (TypeFromToken(token)) {
        case mdtTypeRef:
            if (FAILED(pInternalImport->GetNameOfTypeRef(token, &pszNameSpace, &pszClassName)))
            {
                pszNameSpace = pszClassName = "Invalid TypeRef record";
            }
            break;
        case mdtTypeDef:
            if (FAILED(pInternalImport->GetNameOfTypeDef(token, &pszClassName, &pszNameSpace)))
            {
                pszNameSpace = pszClassName = "Invalid TypeDef record";
            }
            break;
        case mdtTypeSpec:

            // If you see this assert, you need to make sure the message for
            // this resID is appropriate for TypeSpecs
            _ASSERTE((resIDWhy == IDS_CLASSLOAD_GENERAL) || 
                     (resIDWhy == IDS_CLASSLOAD_BADFORMAT) || 
                     (resIDWhy == IDS_CLASSLOAD_TYPESPEC));

            resIDWhy = IDS_CLASSLOAD_TYPESPEC;
        }
    }
    else
        sprintf_s(pszBuff, sizeof(pszBuff), "0x%8.8X", token);

    ThrowTypeLoadException(pszNameSpace, pszClassName,
                           pszFieldOrMethodName, resIDWhy);
}



void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowTypeLoadException(LPCUTF8 pszNameSpace,
                                                        LPCUTF8 pszTypeName,
                                                        LPCUTF8 pszMethodName,
                                                        UINT resIDWhy)
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;

    StackSString displayName;
    GetDisplayName(displayName);

    ::ThrowTypeLoadException(pszNameSpace, pszTypeName, displayName,
                             pszMethodName, resIDWhy);
}

void DECLSPEC_NORETURN Assembly::ThrowBadImageException(LPCUTF8 pszNameSpace,
                                                        LPCUTF8 pszTypeName,
                                                        UINT resIDWhy)
{
    STATIC_CONTRACT_THROWS;

    StackSString displayName;
    GetDisplayName(displayName);

    StackSString fullName;
    SString sNameSpace(SString::Utf8, pszNameSpace);
    SString sTypeName(SString::Utf8, pszTypeName);
    fullName.MakeFullNamespacePath(sNameSpace, sTypeName);

    COMPlusThrowHR(COR_E_BADIMAGEFORMAT, resIDWhy, fullName, displayName);
}


#ifdef FEATURE_COMINTEROP
Assembly::WinMDStatus Assembly::GetWinMDStatus()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;

    if (m_winMDStatus == WinMDStatus_Unknown)
    {
        IWinMDImport *pWinMDImport = GetManifestWinMDImport();
        if (pWinMDImport != NULL)
        {
            BOOL bIsWinMDExp;
            VERIFY(SUCCEEDED(pWinMDImport->IsScenarioWinMDExp(&bIsWinMDExp)));

            if (bIsWinMDExp)
            {
                // this is a managed backed WinMD
                m_winMDStatus = WinMDStatus_IsManagedWinMD;
            }
            else
            {
                // this is a pure WinMD
                m_winMDStatus = WinMDStatus_IsPureWinMD;
            }
        }
        else
        {
            // this is not a WinMD at all
            m_winMDStatus = WinMDStatus_IsNotWinMD;
        }
    }

    return m_winMDStatus;
}

bool Assembly::IsWinMD()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;
    return GetWinMDStatus() != WinMDStatus_IsNotWinMD;
}

bool Assembly::IsManagedWinMD()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;
    return GetWinMDStatus() == WinMDStatus_IsManagedWinMD;
}

IWinMDImport *Assembly::GetManifestWinMDImport()
{
    LIMITED_METHOD_CONTRACT;

    if (m_pManifestWinMDImport == NULL)
    {
        ReleaseHolder<IWinMDImport> pWinMDImport;
        if (SUCCEEDED(m_pManifest->GetMDImport()->QueryInterface(IID_IWinMDImport, (void **)&pWinMDImport)))
        {
            if (InterlockedCompareExchangeT<IWinMDImport *>(&m_pManifestWinMDImport, pWinMDImport, NULL) == NULL)
            {
                pWinMDImport.SuppressRelease();
            }
        }
    }

    return m_pManifestWinMDImport;
}

#endif // FEATURE_COMINTEROP


#endif // #ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE
void Assembly::EnsureActive()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        INJECT_FAULT(COMPlusThrowOM(););
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    GetDomainAssembly()->EnsureActive();
}
#endif //!DACCESS_COMPILE

CHECK Assembly::CheckActivated()
{
#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;

    CHECK(GetDomainAssembly()->CheckActivated());
#endif
    CHECK_OK;
}



#ifdef DACCESS_COMPILE

void
Assembly::EnumMemoryRegions(CLRDataEnumMemoryFlags flags)
{
    WRAPPER_NO_CONTRACT;
    SUPPORTS_DAC;

     // We don't need Assembly info in triage dumps.
    if (flags == CLRDATA_ENUM_MEM_TRIAGE)
    {
        return;
    }

    DAC_ENUM_DTHIS();
    EMEM_OUT(("MEM: %p Assembly\n", dac_cast<TADDR>(this)));

    if (m_pDomain.IsValid())
    {
        m_pDomain->EnumMemoryRegions(flags, true);
    }
    if (m_pClassLoader.IsValid())
    {
        m_pClassLoader->EnumMemoryRegions(flags);
    }
    if (m_pManifest.IsValid())
    {
        m_pManifest->EnumMemoryRegions(flags, true);
    }
    if (m_pManifestFile.IsValid())
    {
        m_pManifestFile->EnumMemoryRegions(flags);
    }
}

#endif

#ifndef DACCESS_COMPILE

FriendAssemblyDescriptor::FriendAssemblyDescriptor()
{
}

FriendAssemblyDescriptor::~FriendAssemblyDescriptor()
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        DESTRUCTOR_CHECK;
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    ArrayList::Iterator itFullAccessAssemblies = m_alFullAccessFriendAssemblies.Iterate();
    while (itFullAccessAssemblies.Next())
    {
        FriendAssemblyName_t *pFriendAssemblyName = static_cast<FriendAssemblyName_t *>(itFullAccessAssemblies.GetElement());
        delete pFriendAssemblyName;
    }
}


//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Builds a FriendAssemblyDescriptor for a given assembly
//
// Arguments:
//    pAssembly - assembly to get friend assembly information for
//
// Return Value:
//    A friend assembly descriptor if the assembly declares any friend assemblies, otherwise NULL
//

// static
FriendAssemblyDescriptor *FriendAssemblyDescriptor::CreateFriendAssemblyDescriptor(PEAssembly *pAssembly)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pAssembly));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    NewHolder<FriendAssemblyDescriptor> pFriendAssemblies = new FriendAssemblyDescriptor;

    // We're going to do this twice, once for InternalsVisibleTo and once for IgnoresAccessChecks
    ReleaseHolder<IMDInternalImport> pImport(pAssembly->GetMDImportWithRef());
    for(int count = 0 ; count < 2 ; ++count)
    {
        _ASSERTE(pImport != NULL);
        MDEnumHolder hEnum(pImport);
        HRESULT hr = S_OK;

        if (count == 0)
        {
            hr = pImport->EnumCustomAttributeByNameInit(TokenFromRid(1, mdtAssembly), FRIEND_ASSEMBLY_TYPE, &hEnum);
        }
        else
        {
            hr = pImport->EnumCustomAttributeByNameInit(TokenFromRid(1, mdtAssembly), SUBJECT_ASSEMBLY_TYPE, &hEnum);
        }

        IfFailThrow(hr);

        // Nothing to do if there are no attributes
        if (hr == S_FALSE)
        {
            continue;
        }

        // Enumerate over the declared friends
        mdCustomAttribute tkAttribute;
        while (pImport->EnumNext(&hEnum, &tkAttribute))
        {
            // Get raw custom attribute.
            const BYTE  *pbAttr = NULL;         // Custom attribute data as a BYTE*.
            ULONG cbAttr = 0;                   // Size of custom attribute data.
            if (FAILED(pImport->GetCustomAttributeAsBlob(tkAttribute, reinterpret_cast<const void **>(&pbAttr), &cbAttr)))
            {
                THROW_BAD_FORMAT(BFA_INVALID_TOKEN, pAssembly);
            }

            CustomAttributeParser cap(pbAttr, cbAttr);
            if (FAILED(cap.ValidateProlog()))
            {
                THROW_BAD_FORMAT(BFA_BAD_CA_HEADER, pAssembly);
            }

            // Get the name of the friend assembly.
            LPCUTF8 szString;
            ULONG   cbString;
            if (FAILED(cap.GetNonNullString(&szString, &cbString)))
            {
                THROW_BAD_FORMAT(BFA_BAD_CA_HEADER, pAssembly);
            }

            // Convert the string to Unicode.
            StackSString displayName(SString::Utf8, szString, cbString);

            // Create an AssemblyNameObject from the string.
            FriendAssemblyNameHolder pFriendAssemblyName;
            StackScratchBuffer buffer;
            pFriendAssemblyName = new FriendAssemblyName_t;
            hr = pFriendAssemblyName->Init(displayName.GetUTF8(buffer));

            if (SUCCEEDED(hr))
            {
                hr = pFriendAssemblyName->CheckFriendAssemblyName();
            }

            if (FAILED(hr))
            {
                THROW_HR_ERROR_WITH_INFO(hr, pAssembly);
            }

            if (count == 1)
            {
                pFriendAssemblies->AddSubjectAssembly(pFriendAssemblyName);
                pFriendAssemblyName.SuppressRelease();
                // Below checks are unnecessary for IgnoresAccessChecks
                continue;
            }

            // CoreCLR does not have a valid scenario for strong-named assemblies requiring their dependencies
            // to be strong-named as well.

            pFriendAssemblies->AddFriendAssembly(pFriendAssemblyName);

            pFriendAssemblyName.SuppressRelease();
        }
    }

    pFriendAssemblies.SuppressRelease();
    return pFriendAssemblies.Extract();
}

//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Adds an assembly to the list of friend assemblies for this descriptor
//
// Arguments:
//    pFriendAssembly      - friend assembly to add to the list
//    fAllInternalsVisible - true if all internals are visible to the friend, false if only specifically
//                           marked internals are visible
//
// Notes:
//    This method takes ownership of the friend assembly name. It is not thread safe and does not check to
//    see if an assembly has already been added to the friend assembly list.
//

void FriendAssemblyDescriptor::AddFriendAssembly(FriendAssemblyName_t *pFriendAssembly)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pFriendAssembly));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    m_alFullAccessFriendAssemblies.Append(pFriendAssembly);
}

void FriendAssemblyDescriptor::AddSubjectAssembly(FriendAssemblyName_t *pFriendAssembly)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pFriendAssembly));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END

    m_subjectAssemblies.Append(pFriendAssembly);
}

// static
bool FriendAssemblyDescriptor::IsAssemblyOnList(PEAssembly *pAssembly, const ArrayList &alAssemblyNames)
{
    CONTRACTL
    {
        THROWS;
        GC_TRIGGERS;
        PRECONDITION(CheckPointer(pAssembly));
    }
    CONTRACTL_END;

    AssemblySpec asmDef;
    asmDef.InitializeSpec(pAssembly);

    ArrayList::ConstIterator itAssemblyNames = alAssemblyNames.Iterate();
    while (itAssemblyNames.Next())
    {
        const FriendAssemblyName_t *pFriendAssemblyName = static_cast<const FriendAssemblyName_t *>(itAssemblyNames.GetElement());
        HRESULT hr = AssemblySpec::RefMatchesDef(pFriendAssemblyName, &asmDef) ? S_OK : S_FALSE;

        if (hr == S_OK)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }

    return false;
}

#endif // !DACCESS_COMPILE