// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements. // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license. // See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information. /*============================================================ ** ** ** ** Purpose: Home for static conversion methods. ** ** ===========================================================*/ using System; using System.Globalization; using System.Threading; using System.Reflection; using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; using System.Runtime.Versioning; using System.Security; using System.Diagnostics.Contracts; namespace System { [Flags] public enum Base64FormattingOptions { None = 0, InsertLineBreaks = 1 } // Returns the type code of this object. An implementation of this method // must not return TypeCode.Empty (which represents a null reference) or // TypeCode.Object (which represents an object that doesn't implement the // IConvertible interface). An implementation of this method should return // TypeCode.DBNull if the value of this object is a database null. For // example, a nullable integer type should return TypeCode.DBNull if the // value of the object is the database null. Otherwise, an implementation // of this method should return the TypeCode that best describes the // internal representation of the object. // The Value class provides conversion and querying methods for values. The // Value class contains static members only, and it is not possible to create // instances of the class. // // The statically typed conversion methods provided by the Value class are all // of the form: // // public static XXX ToXXX(YYY value) // // where XXX is the target type and YYY is the source type. The matrix below // shows the set of supported conversions. The set of conversions is symmetric // such that for every ToXXX(YYY) there is also a ToYYY(XXX). // // From: To: Bol Chr SBy Byt I16 U16 I32 U32 I64 U64 Sgl Dbl Dec Dat Str // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // Boolean x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Char x x x x x x x x x x // SByte x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Byte x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Int16 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // UInt16 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Int32 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // UInt32 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Int64 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // UInt64 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Single x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Double x x x x x x x x x x x x x // Decimal x x x x x x x x x x x x x // DateTime x x // String x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x // ---------------------------------------------------------------------- // // For dynamic conversions, the Value class provides a set of methods of the // form: // // public static XXX ToXXX(object value) // // where XXX is the target type (Boolean, Char, SByte, Byte, Int16, UInt16, // Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, Single, Double, Decimal, DateTime, // or String). The implementations of these methods all take the form: // // public static XXX toXXX(object value) { // return value == null? XXX.Default: ((IConvertible)value).ToXXX(); // } // // The code first checks if the given value is a null reference (which is the // same as Value.Empty), in which case it returns the default value for type // XXX. Otherwise, a cast to IConvertible is performed, and the appropriate ToXXX() // method is invoked on the object. An InvalidCastException is thrown if the // cast to IConvertible fails, and that exception is simply allowed to propagate out // of the conversion method. // Constant representing the database null value. This value is used in // database applications to indicate the absense of a known value. Note // that Value.DBNull is NOT the same as a null object reference, which is // represented by Value.Empty. // // The Equals() method of DBNull always returns false, even when the // argument is itself DBNull. // // When passed Value.DBNull, the Value.GetTypeCode() method returns // TypeCode.DBNull. // // When passed Value.DBNull, the Value.ToXXX() methods all throw an // InvalidCastException. public static class Convert { //A typeof operation is fairly expensive (does a system call), so we'll cache these here //statically. These are exactly lined up with the TypeCode, eg. ConvertType[TypeCode.Int16] //will give you the type of an Int16. internal static readonly RuntimeType[] ConvertTypes = { (RuntimeType)typeof(System.Empty), (RuntimeType)typeof(Object), (RuntimeType)typeof(System.DBNull), (RuntimeType)typeof(Boolean), (RuntimeType)typeof(Char), (RuntimeType)typeof(SByte), (RuntimeType)typeof(Byte), (RuntimeType)typeof(Int16), (RuntimeType)typeof(UInt16), (RuntimeType)typeof(Int32), (RuntimeType)typeof(UInt32), (RuntimeType)typeof(Int64), (RuntimeType)typeof(UInt64), (RuntimeType)typeof(Single), (RuntimeType)typeof(Double), (RuntimeType)typeof(Decimal), (RuntimeType)typeof(DateTime), (RuntimeType)typeof(Object), //TypeCode is discontinuous so we need a placeholder. (RuntimeType)typeof(String) }; // Need to special case Enum because typecode will be underlying type, e.g. Int32 private static readonly RuntimeType EnumType = (RuntimeType)typeof(Enum); internal static readonly char[] base64Table = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O', 'P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z','a','b','c','d', 'e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n','o','p','q','r','s', 't','u','v','w','x','y','z','0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7', '8','9','+','/','=' }; private const Int32 base64LineBreakPosition = 76; #if _DEBUG private static bool TriggerAsserts = DoAsserts(); private static bool DoAsserts() { Contract.Assert(ConvertTypes!=null, "[Convert.cctor]ConvertTypes!=null"); Contract.Assert(ConvertTypes.Length == ((int)TypeCode.String + 1), "[Convert.cctor]ConvertTypes.Length == ((int)TypeCode.String + 1)"); Contract.Assert(ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Empty]==typeof(System.Empty), "[Convert.cctor]ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Empty]==typeof(System.Empty)"); Contract.Assert(ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.String]==typeof(String), "[Convert.cctor]ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.String]==typeof(System.String)"); Contract.Assert(ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int32]==typeof(int), "[Convert.cctor]ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int32]==typeof(int)"); return true; } #endif public static readonly Object DBNull = System.DBNull.Value; // Returns the type code for the given object. If the argument is null, // the result is TypeCode.Empty. If the argument is not a value (i.e. if // the object does not implement IConvertible), the result is TypeCode.Object. // Otherwise, the result is the type code of the object, as determined by // the object's implementation of IConvertible. [Pure] public static TypeCode GetTypeCode(object value) { if (value == null) return TypeCode.Empty; IConvertible temp = value as IConvertible; if (temp != null) { return temp.GetTypeCode(); } return TypeCode.Object; } // Returns true if the given object is a database null. This operation // corresponds to "value.GetTypeCode() == TypeCode.DBNull". [Pure] public static bool IsDBNull(object value) { if (value == System.DBNull.Value) return true; IConvertible convertible = value as IConvertible; return convertible != null? convertible.GetTypeCode() == TypeCode.DBNull: false; } // Converts the given object to the given type. In general, this method is // equivalent to calling the Value.ToXXX(value) method for the given // typeCode and boxing the result. // // The method first checks if the given object implements IConvertible. If not, // the only permitted conversion is from a null to TypeCode.Empty, the // result of which is null. // // If the object does implement IConvertible, a check is made to see if the // object already has the given type code, in which case the object is // simply returned. Otherwise, the appropriate ToXXX() is invoked on the // object's implementation of IConvertible. public static Object ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode) { return ChangeType(value, typeCode, Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture); } public static Object ChangeType(Object value, TypeCode typeCode, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null && (typeCode == TypeCode.Empty || typeCode == TypeCode.String || typeCode == TypeCode.Object)) { return null; } IConvertible v = value as IConvertible; if (v == null) { throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_IConvertible")); } // This line is invalid for things like Enums that return a TypeCode // of Int32, but the object can't actually be cast to an Int32. // if (v.GetTypeCode() == typeCode) return value; switch (typeCode) { case TypeCode.Boolean: return v.ToBoolean(provider); case TypeCode.Char: return v.ToChar(provider); case TypeCode.SByte: return v.ToSByte(provider); case TypeCode.Byte: return v.ToByte(provider); case TypeCode.Int16: return v.ToInt16(provider); case TypeCode.UInt16: return v.ToUInt16(provider); case TypeCode.Int32: return v.ToInt32(provider); case TypeCode.UInt32: return v.ToUInt32(provider); case TypeCode.Int64: return v.ToInt64(provider); case TypeCode.UInt64: return v.ToUInt64(provider); case TypeCode.Single: return v.ToSingle(provider); case TypeCode.Double: return v.ToDouble(provider); case TypeCode.Decimal: return v.ToDecimal(provider); case TypeCode.DateTime: return v.ToDateTime(provider); case TypeCode.String: return v.ToString(provider); case TypeCode.Object: return value; case TypeCode.DBNull: throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_DBNull")); case TypeCode.Empty: throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_Empty")); default: throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_UnknownTypeCode")); } } internal static Object DefaultToType(IConvertible value, Type targetType, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Requires(value != null, "[Convert.DefaultToType]value!=null"); if (targetType==null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("targetType"); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); RuntimeType rtTargetType = targetType as RuntimeType; if (rtTargetType != null) { if (value.GetType() == targetType) { return value; } if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Boolean]) return value.ToBoolean(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Char]) return value.ToChar(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.SByte]) return value.ToSByte(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Byte]) return value.ToByte(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int16]) return value.ToInt16(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt16]) return value.ToUInt16(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int32]) return value.ToInt32(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt32]) return value.ToUInt32(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int64]) return value.ToInt64(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt64]) return value.ToUInt64(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Single]) return value.ToSingle(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Double]) return value.ToDouble(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Decimal]) return value.ToDecimal(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.DateTime]) return value.ToDateTime(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.String]) return value.ToString(provider); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Object]) return (Object)value; // Need to special case Enum because typecode will be underlying type, e.g. Int32 if (rtTargetType == EnumType) return (Enum)value; if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.DBNull]) throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_DBNull")); if (rtTargetType == ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Empty]) throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_Empty")); } throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_FromTo", value.GetType().FullName, targetType.FullName)); } public static Object ChangeType(Object value, Type conversionType) { return ChangeType(value, conversionType, Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture); } public static Object ChangeType(Object value, Type conversionType, IFormatProvider provider) { if( conversionType == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("conversionType"); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); if( value == null ) { if(conversionType.IsValueType) { throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_CannotCastNullToValueType")); } return null; } IConvertible ic = value as IConvertible; if (ic == null) { if ( value.GetType() == conversionType) { return value; } throw new InvalidCastException(Environment.GetResourceString("InvalidCast_IConvertible")); } RuntimeType rtConversionType = conversionType as RuntimeType; if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Boolean]) return ic.ToBoolean(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Char]) return ic.ToChar(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.SByte]) return ic.ToSByte(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Byte]) return ic.ToByte(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int16]) return ic.ToInt16(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt16]) return ic.ToUInt16(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int32]) return ic.ToInt32(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt32]) return ic.ToUInt32(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Int64]) return ic.ToInt64(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.UInt64]) return ic.ToUInt64(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Single]) return ic.ToSingle(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Double]) return ic.ToDouble(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Decimal]) return ic.ToDecimal(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.DateTime]) return ic.ToDateTime(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.String]) return ic.ToString(provider); if (rtConversionType==ConvertTypes[(int)TypeCode.Object]) return (Object)value; return ic.ToType(conversionType, provider); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowCharOverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Char")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowByteOverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Byte")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowSByteOverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_SByte")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowInt16OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Int16")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowUInt16OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_UInt16")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowInt32OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Int32")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowUInt32OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_UInt32")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowInt64OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Int64")); } [MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.NoInlining)] private static void ThrowUInt64OverflowException() { throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_UInt64")); } // Conversions to Boolean public static bool ToBoolean(Object value) { return value == null? false: ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(null); } public static bool ToBoolean(Object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? false: ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(provider); } public static bool ToBoolean(bool value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static bool ToBoolean(sbyte value) { return value != 0; } // To be consistent with IConvertible in the base data types else we get different semantics // with widening operations. Without this operator this widen succeeds,with this API the widening throws. public static bool ToBoolean(char value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(null); } public static bool ToBoolean(byte value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(short value) { return value != 0; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static bool ToBoolean(ushort value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(int value) { return value != 0; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static bool ToBoolean(uint value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(long value) { return value != 0; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static bool ToBoolean(ulong value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(String value) { if (value == null) return false; return Boolean.Parse(value); } public static bool ToBoolean(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return false; return Boolean.Parse(value); } public static bool ToBoolean(float value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(double value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(decimal value) { return value != 0; } public static bool ToBoolean(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToBoolean(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Boolean // public static bool ToBoolean(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Char public static char ToChar(object value) { return value == null? (char)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } public static char ToChar(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? (char)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(provider); } public static char ToChar(bool value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } public static char ToChar(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static char ToChar(sbyte value) { if (value < 0) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } public static char ToChar(byte value) { return (char)value; } public static char ToChar(short value) { if (value < 0) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static char ToChar(ushort value) { return (char)value; } public static char ToChar(int value) { if (value < 0 || value > Char.MaxValue) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static char ToChar(uint value) { if (value > Char.MaxValue) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } public static char ToChar(long value) { if (value < 0 || value > Char.MaxValue) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static char ToChar(ulong value) { if (value > Char.MaxValue) ThrowCharOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (char)value; } // // @VariantSwitch // Remove FormatExceptions; // public static char ToChar(String value) { return ToChar(value, null); } public static char ToChar(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("value"); Contract.EndContractBlock(); if (value.Length != 1) throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString(ResId.Format_NeedSingleChar)); return value[0]; } // To be consistent with IConvertible in the base data types else we get different semantics // with widening operations. Without this operator this widen succeeds,with this API the widening throws. public static char ToChar(float value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } // To be consistent with IConvertible in the base data types else we get different semantics // with widening operations. Without this operator this widen succeeds,with this API the widening throws. public static char ToChar(double value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } // To be consistent with IConvertible in the base data types else we get different semantics // with widening operations. Without this operator this widen succeeds,with this API the widening throws. public static char ToChar(decimal value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } public static char ToChar(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToChar(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Char // public static char ToChar(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to SByte [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(object value) { return value == null? (sbyte)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToSByte(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? (sbyte)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToSByte(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(bool value) { return value? (sbyte)Boolean.True: (sbyte)Boolean.False; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(sbyte value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(char value) { if (value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(byte value) { if (value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(short value) { if (value < SByte.MinValue || value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(ushort value) { if (value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(int value) { if (value < SByte.MinValue || value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(uint value) { if (value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(long value) { if (value < SByte.MinValue || value > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(ulong value) { if (value > (ulong)SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (sbyte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(float value) { return ToSByte((double)value); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(double value) { return ToSByte(ToInt32(value)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToSByte(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return SByte.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { return SByte.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToSByte(null); } // Disallowed conversions to SByte // public static sbyte ToSByte(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Byte public static byte ToByte(object value) { return value == null? (byte)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToByte(null); } public static byte ToByte(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? (byte)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToByte(provider); } public static byte ToByte(bool value) { return value? (byte)Boolean.True: (byte)Boolean.False; } public static byte ToByte(byte value) { return value; } public static byte ToByte(char value) { if (value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static byte ToByte(sbyte value) { if (value < Byte.MinValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } public static byte ToByte(short value) { if (value < Byte.MinValue || value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static byte ToByte(ushort value) { if (value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } public static byte ToByte(int value) { if (value < Byte.MinValue || value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static byte ToByte(uint value) { if (value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } public static byte ToByte(long value) { if (value < Byte.MinValue || value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static byte ToByte(ulong value) { if (value > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (byte)value; } public static byte ToByte(float value) { return ToByte((double)value); } public static byte ToByte(double value) { return ToByte(ToInt32(value)); } public static byte ToByte(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToByte(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } public static byte ToByte(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Byte.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static byte ToByte(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Byte.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } public static byte ToByte(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToByte(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Byte // public static byte ToByte(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Int16 public static short ToInt16(object value) { return value == null? (short)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt16(null); } public static short ToInt16(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? (short)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt16(provider); } public static short ToInt16(bool value) { return value? (short)Boolean.True: (short)Boolean.False; } public static short ToInt16(char value) { if (value > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static short ToInt16(sbyte value) { return value; } public static short ToInt16(byte value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static short ToInt16(ushort value) { if (value > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } public static short ToInt16(int value) { if (value < Int16.MinValue || value > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static short ToInt16(uint value) { if (value > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } public static short ToInt16(short value) { return value; } public static short ToInt16(long value) { if (value < Int16.MinValue || value > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static short ToInt16(ulong value) { if (value > (ulong)Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (short)value; } public static short ToInt16(float value) { return ToInt16((double)value); } public static short ToInt16(double value) { return ToInt16(ToInt32(value)); } public static short ToInt16(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToInt16(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } public static short ToInt16(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int16.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static short ToInt16(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int16.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } public static short ToInt16(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToInt16(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Int16 // public static short ToInt16(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to UInt16 [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(object value) { return value == null? (ushort)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt16(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? (ushort)0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt16(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(bool value) { return value? (ushort)Boolean.True: (ushort)Boolean.False; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(sbyte value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(byte value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(short value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(int value) { if (value < 0 || value > UInt16.MaxValue) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(ushort value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(uint value) { if (value > UInt16.MaxValue) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(long value) { if (value < 0 || value > UInt16.MaxValue) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(ulong value) { if (value > UInt16.MaxValue) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ushort)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(float value) { return ToUInt16((double)value); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(double value) { return ToUInt16(ToInt32(value)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToUInt16(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt16.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt16.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt16(null); } // Disallowed conversions to UInt16 // public static ushort ToUInt16(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Int32 public static int ToInt32(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt32(null); } public static int ToInt32(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt32(provider); } public static int ToInt32(bool value) { return value? Boolean.True: Boolean.False; } public static int ToInt32(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static int ToInt32(sbyte value) { return value; } public static int ToInt32(byte value) { return value; } public static int ToInt32(short value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static int ToInt32(ushort value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static int ToInt32(uint value) { if (value > Int32.MaxValue) ThrowInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (int)value; } public static int ToInt32(int value) { return value; } public static int ToInt32(long value) { if (value < Int32.MinValue || value > Int32.MaxValue) ThrowInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (int)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static int ToInt32(ulong value) { if (value > Int32.MaxValue) ThrowInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (int)value; } public static int ToInt32(float value) { return ToInt32((double)value); } public static int ToInt32(double value) { if (value >= 0) { if (value < 2147483647.5) { int result = (int)value; double dif = value - result; if (dif > 0.5 || dif == 0.5 && (result & 1) != 0) result++; return result; } } else { if (value >= -2147483648.5) { int result = (int)value; double dif = value - result; if (dif < -0.5 || dif == -0.5 && (result & 1) != 0) result--; return result; } } throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_Int32")); } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static int ToInt32(decimal value) { return Decimal.FCallToInt32(value); } public static int ToInt32(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int32.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static int ToInt32(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int32.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } public static int ToInt32(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToInt32(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Int32 // public static int ToInt32(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to UInt32 [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt32(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt32(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(bool value) { return value? (uint)Boolean.True: (uint)Boolean.False; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(sbyte value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(byte value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(short value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(ushort value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(int value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(uint value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(long value) { if (value < 0 || value > UInt32.MaxValue) ThrowUInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(ulong value) { if (value > UInt32.MaxValue) ThrowUInt32OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(float value) { return ToUInt32((double)value); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(double value) { if (value >= -0.5 && value < 4294967295.5) { uint result = (uint)value; double dif = value - result; if (dif > 0.5 || dif == 0.5 && (result & 1) != 0) result++; return result; } throw new OverflowException(Environment.GetResourceString("Overflow_UInt32")); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToUInt32(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt32.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt32.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt32(null); } // Disallowed conversions to UInt32 // public static uint ToUInt32(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Int64 public static long ToInt64(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt64(null); } public static long ToInt64(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToInt64(provider); } public static long ToInt64(bool value) { return value? Boolean.True: Boolean.False; } public static long ToInt64(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static long ToInt64(sbyte value) { return value; } public static long ToInt64(byte value) { return value; } public static long ToInt64(short value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static long ToInt64(ushort value) { return value; } public static long ToInt64(int value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static long ToInt64(uint value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static long ToInt64(ulong value) { if (value > Int64.MaxValue) ThrowInt64OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (long)value; } public static long ToInt64(long value) { return value; } public static long ToInt64(float value) { return ToInt64((double)value); } public static long ToInt64(double value) { return checked((long)Math.Round(value)); } public static long ToInt64(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToInt64(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } public static long ToInt64(string value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int64.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static long ToInt64(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Int64.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } public static long ToInt64(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToInt64(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Int64 // public static long ToInt64(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to UInt64 [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt64(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt64(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(bool value) { return value? (ulong)Boolean.True: (ulong)Boolean.False; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(char value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(sbyte value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt64OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ulong)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(byte value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(short value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt64OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ulong)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(ushort value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(int value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt64OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ulong)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(uint value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(long value) { if (value < 0) ThrowUInt64OverflowException(); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ulong)value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(UInt64 value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(float value) { return ToUInt64((double)value); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(double value) { return checked((ulong)Math.Round(value)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(decimal value) { return Decimal.ToUInt64(Decimal.Round(value, 0)); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt64.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return UInt64.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Integer, provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToUInt64(null); } // Disallowed conversions to UInt64 // public static ulong ToUInt64(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Single public static float ToSingle(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToSingle(null); } public static float ToSingle(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToSingle(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static float ToSingle(sbyte value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(byte value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(char value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToSingle(null); } public static float ToSingle(short value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static float ToSingle(ushort value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(int value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static float ToSingle(uint value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(long value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static float ToSingle(ulong value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(float value) { return value; } public static float ToSingle(double value) { return (float)value; } public static float ToSingle(decimal value) { return (float)value; } public static float ToSingle(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Single.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static float ToSingle(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Single.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Float | NumberStyles.AllowThousands, provider); } public static float ToSingle(bool value) { return value? Boolean.True: Boolean.False; } public static float ToSingle(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToSingle(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Single // public static float ToSingle(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Double public static double ToDouble(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToDouble(null); } public static double ToDouble(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToDouble(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static double ToDouble(sbyte value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(byte value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(short value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(char value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDouble(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static double ToDouble(ushort value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(int value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static double ToDouble(uint value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(long value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static double ToDouble(ulong value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(float value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(double value) { return value; } public static double ToDouble(decimal value) { return (double)value; } public static double ToDouble(String value) { if (value == null) return 0; return Double.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static double ToDouble(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0; return Double.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Float | NumberStyles.AllowThousands, provider); } public static double ToDouble(bool value) { return value? Boolean.True: Boolean.False; } public static double ToDouble(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDouble(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Double // public static double ToDouble(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to Decimal public static decimal ToDecimal(object value) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToDecimal(null); } public static decimal ToDecimal(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? 0: ((IConvertible)value).ToDecimal(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static decimal ToDecimal(sbyte value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(byte value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(char value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDecimal(null); } public static decimal ToDecimal(short value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static decimal ToDecimal(ushort value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(int value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static decimal ToDecimal(uint value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(long value) { return value; } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static decimal ToDecimal(ulong value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(float value) { return (decimal)value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(double value) { return (decimal)value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(String value) { if (value == null) return 0m; return Decimal.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static Decimal ToDecimal(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return 0m; return Decimal.Parse(value, NumberStyles.Number, provider); } public static decimal ToDecimal(decimal value) { return value; } public static decimal ToDecimal(bool value) { return value? Boolean.True: Boolean.False; } public static decimal ToDecimal(DateTime value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDecimal(null); } // Disallowed conversions to Decimal // public static decimal ToDecimal(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to DateTime public static DateTime ToDateTime(DateTime value) { return value; } public static DateTime ToDateTime(object value) { return value == null? DateTime.MinValue: ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(object value, IFormatProvider provider) { return value == null? DateTime.MinValue: ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(provider); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(String value) { if (value == null) return new DateTime(0); return DateTime.Parse(value, CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(String value, IFormatProvider provider) { if (value == null) return new DateTime(0); return DateTime.Parse(value, provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static DateTime ToDateTime(sbyte value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(byte value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(short value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static DateTime ToDateTime(ushort value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(int value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static DateTime ToDateTime(uint value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(long value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static DateTime ToDateTime(ulong value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(bool value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(char value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(float value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(double value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } public static DateTime ToDateTime(decimal value) { return ((IConvertible)value).ToDateTime(null); } // Disallowed conversions to DateTime // public static DateTime ToDateTime(TimeSpan value) // Conversions to String public static string ToString(Object value) { return ToString(value,null); } public static string ToString(Object value, IFormatProvider provider) { IConvertible ic = value as IConvertible; if (ic != null) return ic.ToString(provider); IFormattable formattable = value as IFormattable; if (formattable != null) return formattable.ToString(null, provider); return value == null? String.Empty: value.ToString(); } public static string ToString(bool value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(); } public static string ToString(bool value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(char value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return Char.ToString(value); } public static string ToString(char value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(sbyte value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(sbyte value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(byte value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(byte value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(short value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(short value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(ushort value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(ushort value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(int value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(int value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(uint value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(uint value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(long value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(long value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(ulong value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } [CLSCompliant(false)] public static string ToString(ulong value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(float value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(float value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(double value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(double value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(decimal value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture); } public static string ToString(Decimal value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static string ToString(DateTime value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(); } public static string ToString(DateTime value, IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); return value.ToString(provider); } public static String ToString(String value) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() == value); // We were always skipping the null check here. return value; } public static String ToString(String value,IFormatProvider provider) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() == value); // We were always skipping the null check here. return value; // avoid the null check } // // Conversions which understand Base XXX numbers. // // Parses value in base base. base can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If base is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // public static byte ToByte (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); int r = ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight | ParseNumbers.TreatAsUnsigned); if (r < Byte.MinValue || r > Byte.MaxValue) ThrowByteOverflowException(); return (byte) r; } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // [CLSCompliant(false)] public static sbyte ToSByte (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); int r = ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight | ParseNumbers.TreatAsI1); if (fromBase != 10 && r <= Byte.MaxValue) return (sbyte)r; if (r < SByte.MinValue || r > SByte.MaxValue) ThrowSByteOverflowException(); return (sbyte) r; } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // public static short ToInt16 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); int r = ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight | ParseNumbers.TreatAsI2); if (fromBase != 10 && r <= UInt16.MaxValue) return (short)r; if (r < Int16.MinValue || r > Int16.MaxValue) ThrowInt16OverflowException(); return (short) r; } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ushort ToUInt16 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); int r = ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight | ParseNumbers.TreatAsUnsigned); if (r < UInt16.MinValue || r > UInt16.MaxValue) ThrowUInt16OverflowException(); return (ushort) r; } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // public static int ToInt32 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight); } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // [CLSCompliant(false)] public static uint ToUInt32 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (uint) ParseNumbers.StringToInt(value,fromBase, ParseNumbers.TreatAsUnsigned | ParseNumbers.IsTight); } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // public static long ToInt64 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.StringToLong(value,fromBase,ParseNumbers.IsTight); } // Parses value in base fromBase. fromBase can only // be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If fromBase is 16, the number may be preceded // by 0x; any other leading or trailing characters cause an error. // [CLSCompliant(false)] public static ulong ToUInt64 (String value, int fromBase) { if (fromBase!=2 && fromBase!=8 && fromBase!=10 && fromBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return (ulong) ParseNumbers.StringToLong(value,fromBase, ParseNumbers.TreatAsUnsigned | ParseNumbers.IsTight); } // Convert the byte value to a string in base fromBase [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static String ToString (byte value, int toBase) { if (toBase!=2 && toBase!=8 && toBase!=10 && toBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.IntToString((int)value, toBase, -1, ' ', ParseNumbers.PrintAsI1); } // Convert the Int16 value to a string in base fromBase [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static String ToString (short value, int toBase) { if (toBase!=2 && toBase!=8 && toBase!=10 && toBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.IntToString((int)value, toBase, -1, ' ', ParseNumbers.PrintAsI2); } // Convert the Int32 value to a string in base toBase [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static String ToString (int value, int toBase) { if (toBase!=2 && toBase!=8 && toBase!=10 && toBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.IntToString(value, toBase, -1, ' ', 0); } // Convert the Int64 value to a string in base toBase [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated public static String ToString (long value, int toBase) { if (toBase!=2 && toBase!=8 && toBase!=10 && toBase!=16) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_InvalidBase")); } Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ParseNumbers.LongToString(value, toBase, -1, ' ', 0); } public static String ToBase64String(byte[] inArray) { if (inArray==null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("inArray"); } Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ToBase64String(inArray, 0, inArray.Length, Base64FormattingOptions.None); } [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)] public static String ToBase64String(byte[] inArray, Base64FormattingOptions options) { if (inArray==null) { throw new ArgumentNullException("inArray"); } Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ToBase64String(inArray, 0, inArray.Length, options); } public static String ToBase64String(byte[] inArray, int offset, int length) { return ToBase64String(inArray, offset, length, Base64FormattingOptions.None); } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)] public static unsafe String ToBase64String(byte[] inArray, int offset, int length, Base64FormattingOptions options) { //Do data verfication if (inArray==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inArray"); if (length<0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_Index")); if (offset<0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_GenericPositive")); if (options < Base64FormattingOptions.None || options > Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks) throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_EnumIllegalVal", (int)options)); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() != null); Contract.EndContractBlock(); int inArrayLength; int stringLength; inArrayLength = inArray.Length; if (offset > (inArrayLength - length)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_OffsetLength")); if (inArrayLength == 0) return String.Empty; bool insertLineBreaks = (options == Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks); //Create the new string. This is the maximally required length. stringLength = ToBase64_CalculateAndValidateOutputLength(length, insertLineBreaks); string returnString = string.FastAllocateString(stringLength); fixed (char* outChars = returnString){ fixed (byte* inData = inArray) { int j = ConvertToBase64Array(outChars,inData,offset,length, insertLineBreaks); BCLDebug.Assert(returnString.Length == j, "returnString.Length == j"); return returnString; } } } public static int ToBase64CharArray(byte[] inArray, int offsetIn, int length, char[] outArray, int offsetOut) { Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() >= 0); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() <= outArray.Length); Contract.EndContractBlock(); return ToBase64CharArray(inArray, offsetIn, length, outArray, offsetOut, Base64FormattingOptions.None); } [System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated [System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(false)] public static unsafe int ToBase64CharArray(byte[] inArray, int offsetIn, int length, char[] outArray, int offsetOut, Base64FormattingOptions options) { //Do data verfication if (inArray==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inArray"); if (outArray==null) throw new ArgumentNullException("outArray"); if (length<0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_Index")); if (offsetIn<0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offsetIn", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_GenericPositive")); if (offsetOut<0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offsetOut", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_GenericPositive")); if( options < Base64FormattingOptions.None || options > Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks) { throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Arg_EnumIllegalVal", (int)options)); } Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() >= 0); Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result() <= outArray.Length); Contract.EndContractBlock(); int retVal; int inArrayLength; int outArrayLength; int numElementsToCopy; inArrayLength = inArray.Length; if (offsetIn > (int)(inArrayLength - length)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offsetIn", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_OffsetLength")); if (inArrayLength == 0) return 0; bool insertLineBreaks = (options == Base64FormattingOptions.InsertLineBreaks); //This is the maximally required length that must be available in the char array outArrayLength = outArray.Length; // Length of the char buffer required numElementsToCopy = ToBase64_CalculateAndValidateOutputLength(length, insertLineBreaks); if (offsetOut > (int)(outArrayLength - numElementsToCopy)) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offsetOut", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_OffsetOut")); fixed (char* outChars = &outArray[offsetOut]) { fixed (byte* inData = inArray) { retVal = ConvertToBase64Array(outChars,inData,offsetIn,length, insertLineBreaks); } } return retVal; } [System.Security.SecurityCritical] // auto-generated private static unsafe int ConvertToBase64Array(char* outChars, byte* inData, int offset, int length, bool insertLineBreaks) { int lengthmod3 = length%3; int calcLength = offset + (length - lengthmod3); int j=0; int charcount = 0; //Convert three bytes at a time to base64 notation. This will consume 4 chars. int i; // get a pointer to the base64Table to avoid unnecessary range checking fixed(char* base64 = base64Table) { for (i=offset; i>2]; outChars[j+1] = base64[((inData[i]&0x03)<<4) | ((inData[i+1]&0xf0)>>4)]; outChars[j+2] = base64[((inData[i+1]&0x0f)<<2) | ((inData[i+2]&0xc0)>>6)]; outChars[j+3] = base64[(inData[i+2]&0x3f)]; j += 4; } //Where we left off before i = calcLength; if (insertLineBreaks && (lengthmod3 !=0) && (charcount == base64LineBreakPosition)) { outChars[j++] = '\r'; outChars[j++] = '\n'; } switch(lengthmod3) { case 2: //One character padding needed outChars[j] = base64[(inData[i]&0xfc)>>2]; outChars[j+1] = base64[((inData[i]&0x03)<<4)|((inData[i+1]&0xf0)>>4)]; outChars[j+2] = base64[(inData[i+1]&0x0f)<<2]; outChars[j+3] = base64[64]; //Pad j+=4; break; case 1: // Two character padding needed outChars[j] = base64[(inData[i]&0xfc)>>2]; outChars[j+1] = base64[(inData[i]&0x03)<<4]; outChars[j+2] = base64[64]; //Pad outChars[j+3] = base64[64]; //Pad j+=4; break; } } return j; } private static int ToBase64_CalculateAndValidateOutputLength(int inputLength, bool insertLineBreaks) { long outlen = ((long)inputLength) / 3 * 4; // the base length - we want integer division here. outlen += ((inputLength % 3) != 0) ? 4 : 0; // at most 4 more chars for the remainder if (outlen == 0) return 0; if (insertLineBreaks) { long newLines = outlen / base64LineBreakPosition; if ((outlen % base64LineBreakPosition) == 0) { --newLines; } outlen += newLines * 2; // the number of line break chars we'll add, "\r\n" } // If we overflow an int then we cannot allocate enough // memory to output the value so throw if (outlen > int.MaxValue) throw new OutOfMemoryException(); return (int)outlen; } /// /// Converts the specified string, which encodes binary data as Base64 digits, to the equivalent byte array. /// /// The string to convert /// The array of bytes represented by the specifed Base64 string. [SecuritySafeCritical] public static Byte[] FromBase64String(String s) { // "s" is an unfortunate parameter name, but we need to keep it for backward compat. if (s == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("s"); Contract.EndContractBlock(); unsafe { fixed (Char* sPtr = s) { return FromBase64CharPtr(sPtr, s.Length); } } } /// /// Converts the specified range of a Char array, which encodes binary data as Base64 digits, to the equivalent byte array. /// /// Chars representing Base64 encoding characters /// A position within the input array. /// Number of element to convert. /// The array of bytes represented by the specified Base64 encoding characters. [SecuritySafeCritical] public static Byte[] FromBase64CharArray(Char[] inArray, Int32 offset, Int32 length) { if (inArray == null) throw new ArgumentNullException("inArray"); if (length < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("length", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_Index")); if (offset < 0) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_GenericPositive")); if (offset > inArray.Length - length) throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("offset", Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_OffsetLength")); Contract.EndContractBlock(); unsafe { fixed (Char* inArrayPtr = inArray) { return FromBase64CharPtr(inArrayPtr + offset, length); } } } /// /// Convert Base64 encoding characters to bytes: /// - Compute result length exactly by actually walking the input; /// - Allocate new result array based on computation; /// - Decode input into the new array; /// /// Pointer to the first input char /// Number of input chars /// [SecurityCritical] private static unsafe Byte[] FromBase64CharPtr(Char* inputPtr, Int32 inputLength) { // The validity of parameters much be checked by callers, thus we are Critical here. Contract.Assert(0 <= inputLength); // We need to get rid of any trailing white spaces. // Otherwise we would be rejecting input such as "abc= ": while (inputLength > 0) { Int32 lastChar = inputPtr[inputLength - 1]; if (lastChar != (Int32) ' ' && lastChar != (Int32) '\n' && lastChar != (Int32) '\r' && lastChar != (Int32) '\t') break; inputLength--; } // Compute the output length: Int32 resultLength = FromBase64_ComputeResultLength(inputPtr, inputLength); Contract.Assert(0 <= resultLength); // resultLength can be zero. We will still enter FromBase64_Decode and process the input. // It may either simply write no bytes (e.g. input = " ") or throw (e.g. input = "ab"). // Create result byte blob: Byte[] decodedBytes = new Byte[resultLength]; // Convert Base64 chars into bytes: Int32 actualResultLength; fixed (Byte* decodedBytesPtr = decodedBytes) actualResultLength = FromBase64_Decode(inputPtr, inputLength, decodedBytesPtr, resultLength); // Note that actualResultLength can differ from resultLength if the caller is modifying the array // as it is being converted. Silently ignore the failure. // Consider throwing exception in an non in-place release. // We are done: return decodedBytes; } /// /// Decode characters representing a Base64 encoding into bytes: /// Walk the input. Every time 4 chars are read, convert them to the 3 corresponding output bytes. /// This method is a bit lengthy on purpose. We are trying to avoid jumps to helpers in the loop /// to aid performance. /// /// Pointer to first input char /// Number of input chars /// Pointer to location for the first result byte /// Max length of the preallocated result buffer /// If the result buffer was not large enough to write all result bytes, return -1; /// Otherwise return the number of result bytes actually produced. [SecurityCritical] private static unsafe Int32 FromBase64_Decode(Char* startInputPtr, Int32 inputLength, Byte* startDestPtr, Int32 destLength) { // You may find this method weird to look at. It’s written for performance, not aesthetics. // You will find unrolled loops label jumps and bit manipulations. const UInt32 intA = (UInt32) 'A'; const UInt32 inta = (UInt32) 'a'; const UInt32 int0 = (UInt32) '0'; const UInt32 intEq = (UInt32) '='; const UInt32 intPlus = (UInt32) '+'; const UInt32 intSlash = (UInt32) '/'; const UInt32 intSpace = (UInt32) ' '; const UInt32 intTab = (UInt32) '\t'; const UInt32 intNLn = (UInt32) '\n'; const UInt32 intCRt = (UInt32) '\r'; const UInt32 intAtoZ = (UInt32) ('Z' - 'A'); // = ('z' - 'a') const UInt32 int0to9 = (UInt32) ('9' - '0'); Char* inputPtr = startInputPtr; Byte* destPtr = startDestPtr; // Pointers to the end of input and output: Char* endInputPtr = inputPtr + inputLength; Byte* endDestPtr = destPtr + destLength; // Current char code/value: UInt32 currCode; // This 4-byte integer will contain the 4 codes of the current 4-char group. // Eeach char codes for 6 bits = 24 bits. // The remaining byte will be FF, we use it as a marker when 4 chars have been processed. UInt32 currBlockCodes = 0x000000FFu; unchecked { while (true) { // break when done: if (inputPtr >= endInputPtr) goto _AllInputConsumed; // Get current char: currCode = (UInt32) (*inputPtr); inputPtr++; // Determine current char code: if (currCode - intA <= intAtoZ) currCode -= intA; else if (currCode - inta <= intAtoZ) currCode -= (inta - 26u); else if (currCode - int0 <= int0to9) currCode -= (int0 - 52u); else { // Use the slower switch for less common cases: switch(currCode) { // Significant chars: case intPlus: currCode = 62u; break; case intSlash: currCode = 63u; break; // Legal no-value chars (we ignore these): case intCRt: case intNLn: case intSpace: case intTab: continue; // The equality char is only legal at the end of the input. // Jump after the loop to make it easier for the JIT register predictor to do a good job for the loop itself: case intEq: goto _EqualityCharEncountered; // Other chars are illegal: default: throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64Char")); } } // Ok, we got the code. Save it: currBlockCodes = (currBlockCodes << 6) | currCode; // Last bit in currBlockCodes will be on after in shifted right 4 times: if ((currBlockCodes & 0x80000000u) != 0u) { if ((Int32) (endDestPtr - destPtr) < 3) return -1; *(destPtr) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes >> 16); *(destPtr + 1) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes >> 8); *(destPtr + 2) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes); destPtr += 3; currBlockCodes = 0x000000FFu; } }} // unchecked while // 'd be nice to have an assert that we never get here, but CS0162: Unreachable code detected. // Contract.Assert(false, "We only leave the above loop by jumping; should never get here."); // We jump here out of the loop if we hit an '=': _EqualityCharEncountered: Contract.Assert(currCode == intEq); // Recall that inputPtr is now one position past where '=' was read. // '=' can only be at the last input pos: if (inputPtr == endInputPtr) { // Code is zero for trailing '=': currBlockCodes <<= 6; // The '=' did not complete a 4-group. The input must be bad: if ((currBlockCodes & 0x80000000u) == 0u) throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64CharArrayLength")); if ((int)(endDestPtr - destPtr) < 2) // Autch! We underestimated the output length! return -1; // We are good, store bytes form this past group. We had a single "=", so we take two bytes: *(destPtr++) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes >> 16); *(destPtr++) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes >> 8); currBlockCodes = 0x000000FFu; } else { // '=' can also be at the pre-last position iff the last is also a '=' excluding the white spaces: // We need to get rid of any intermediate white spaces. // Otherwise we would be rejecting input such as "abc= =": while (inputPtr < (endInputPtr - 1)) { Int32 lastChar = *(inputPtr); if (lastChar != (Int32) ' ' && lastChar != (Int32) '\n' && lastChar != (Int32) '\r' && lastChar != (Int32) '\t') break; inputPtr++; } if (inputPtr == (endInputPtr - 1) && *(inputPtr) == '=') { // Code is zero for each of the two '=': currBlockCodes <<= 12; // The '=' did not complete a 4-group. The input must be bad: if ((currBlockCodes & 0x80000000u) == 0u) throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64CharArrayLength")); if ((Int32) (endDestPtr - destPtr) < 1) // Autch! We underestimated the output length! return -1; // We are good, store bytes form this past group. We had a "==", so we take only one byte: *(destPtr++) = (Byte) (currBlockCodes >> 16); currBlockCodes = 0x000000FFu; } else // '=' is not ok at places other than the end: throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64Char")); } // We get here either from above or by jumping out of the loop: _AllInputConsumed: // The last block of chars has less than 4 items if (currBlockCodes != 0x000000FFu) throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64CharArrayLength")); // Return how many bytes were actually recovered: return (Int32) (destPtr - startDestPtr); } // Int32 FromBase64_Decode(...) /// /// Compute the number of bytes encoded in the specified Base 64 char array: /// Walk the entire input counting white spaces and padding chars, then compute result length /// based on 3 bytes per 4 chars. /// [SecurityCritical] private static unsafe Int32 FromBase64_ComputeResultLength(Char* inputPtr, Int32 inputLength) { const UInt32 intEq = (UInt32) '='; const UInt32 intSpace = (UInt32) ' '; Contract.Assert(0 <= inputLength); Char* inputEndPtr = inputPtr + inputLength; Int32 usefulInputLength = inputLength; Int32 padding = 0; while (inputPtr < inputEndPtr) { UInt32 c = (UInt32) (*inputPtr); inputPtr++; // We want to be as fast as possible and filter out spaces with as few comparisons as possible. // We end up accepting a number of illegal chars as legal white-space chars. // This is ok: as soon as we hit them during actual decode we will recognise them as illegal and throw. if (c <= intSpace) usefulInputLength--; else if (c == intEq) { usefulInputLength--; padding++; } } Contract.Assert(0 <= usefulInputLength); // For legal input, we can assume that 0 <= padding < 3. But it may be more for illegal input. // We will notice it at decode when we see a '=' at the wrong place. Contract.Assert(0 <= padding); // Perf: reuse the variable that stored the number of '=' to store the number of bytes encoded by the // last group that contains the '=': if (padding != 0) { if (padding == 1) padding = 2; else if (padding == 2) padding = 1; else throw new FormatException(Environment.GetResourceString("Format_BadBase64Char")); } // Done: return (usefulInputLength / 4) * 3 + padding; } } // class Convert } // namespace