213 files changed, 118996 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/src/pal/src/.tpattributes b/src/pal/src/.tpattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca534f0fbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/.tpattributes
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+configure:x
diff --git a/src/pal/src/CMakeLists.txt b/src/pal/src/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7df0aaf360
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12.2)
+
+include_directories(SYSTEM /usr/local/include)
+
+# set kernel version to detect Alpine
+EXEC_PROGRAM(uname ARGS -v OUTPUT_VARIABLE CMAKE_SYSTEM_KERNEL_VERSION)
+string(FIND "${CMAKE_SYSTEM_KERNEL_VERSION}" "Alpine" PAL_SYSTEM_ALPINE)
+if(PAL_SYSTEM_ALPINE EQUAL -1)
+    unset(PAL_SYSTEM_ALPINE)
+endif()
+
+include(configure.cmake)
+
+project(coreclrpal)
+
+set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
+
+if(CORECLR_SET_RPATH)
+    # Enable @rpath support for shared libraries.
+    set(MACOSX_RPATH ON)
+endif(CORECLR_SET_RPATH)
+
+if(CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_EQUAL 3.0 OR CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 3.0)
+    cmake_policy(SET CMP0042 NEW)
+endif()
+
+# Include directories
+
+include_directories(include)
+
+# Compile options
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL x86_64 OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL amd64 OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL AMD64)
+  set(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_AMD64 1)
+  add_definitions(-D_AMD64_)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL armv7l)
+  set(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM 1)
+  add_definitions(-D_ARM_)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR STREQUAL aarch64)
+  set(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM64 1)
+  add_definitions(-D_ARM64_)
+else()
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Only ARM and AMD64 is supported")
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+  add_definitions(-D_TARGET_MAC64)
+  set(PLATFORM_SOURCES
+    arch/i386/activationhandlerwrapper.S
+    arch/i386/context.S
+    arch/i386/dispatchexceptionwrapper.S
+    exception/machexception.cpp
+    exception/machmessage.cpp
+  )
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+
+add_definitions(-DPLATFORM_UNIX=1)
+add_definitions(-DLP64COMPATIBLE=1)
+add_definitions(-DFEATURE_PAL=1)
+add_definitions(-DCORECLR=1)
+add_definitions(-DPIC=1)
+add_definitions(-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64)
+if(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_AMD64)
+  add_definitions(-DBIT64=1)
+  add_definitions(-D_WIN64=1)
+elseif(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM)
+  add_definitions(-DBIT32=1)
+elseif(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM64)
+  add_definitions(-DBIT64=1)
+  add_definitions(-D_WIN64=1)
+endif()
+
+# turn off capability to remove unused functions (which was enabled in debug build with sanitizers)
+set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Wl,--no-gc-sections")
+
+add_compile_options(-fPIC)
+
+if(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_AMD64)
+  set(ARCH_SOURCES
+    arch/i386/context2.S
+    arch/i386/debugbreak.S
+    arch/i386/exceptionhelper.S
+    arch/i386/processor.cpp
+  )
+elseif(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM)
+  set(ARCH_SOURCES
+    arch/arm/context2.S
+    arch/arm/debugbreak.S
+    arch/arm/exceptionhelper.S
+    arch/arm/processor.cpp
+  )
+elseif(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM64)
+  set(ARCH_SOURCES
+    arch/arm64/context2.S
+    arch/arm64/debugbreak.S
+    arch/arm64/exceptionhelper.S
+    arch/arm64/processor.cpp
+  )
+endif()
+
+if(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM)
+  set_source_files_properties(exception/seh.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS -Wno-error=inline-asm)
+endif(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM)
+
+set(SOURCES
+  cruntime/file.cpp
+  cruntime/filecrt.cpp
+  cruntime/lstr.cpp
+  cruntime/malloc.cpp
+  cruntime/math.cpp
+  cruntime/mbstring.cpp
+  cruntime/misc.cpp
+  cruntime/misctls.cpp
+  cruntime/path.cpp
+  cruntime/printf.cpp
+  cruntime/printfcpp.cpp
+  cruntime/silent_printf.cpp
+  cruntime/string.cpp
+  cruntime/stringtls.cpp
+  cruntime/thread.cpp
+  cruntime/wchar.cpp
+  cruntime/wchartls.cpp
+  debug/debug.cpp
+  exception/seh.cpp
+  exception/signal.cpp
+  file/directory.cpp
+  file/disk.cpp
+  file/file.cpp
+  file/filetime.cpp
+  file/find.cpp
+  file/path.cpp
+  file/shmfilelockmgr.cpp
+  handlemgr/handleapi.cpp
+  handlemgr/handlemgr.cpp
+  init/pal.cpp
+  init/sxs.cpp
+  loader/module.cpp
+  loader/modulename.cpp
+  locale/unicode.cpp
+  locale/unicode_data.cpp
+  locale/utf8.cpp
+  map/common.cpp
+  map/map.cpp
+  map/virtual.cpp
+  memory/heap.cpp
+  memory/local.cpp
+  misc/dbgmsg.cpp
+  misc/environ.cpp
+  misc/error.cpp
+  misc/errorstrings.cpp
+  misc/fmtmessage.cpp
+  misc/identity.cpp
+  misc/miscpalapi.cpp
+  misc/msgbox.cpp
+  misc/strutil.cpp
+  misc/sysinfo.cpp
+  misc/time.cpp
+  misc/utils.cpp
+  misc/version.cpp
+  objmgr/palobjbase.cpp
+  objmgr/shmobject.cpp
+  objmgr/shmobjectmanager.cpp
+  safecrt/makepath_s.c
+  safecrt/memcpy_s.c
+  safecrt/memmove_s.c
+  safecrt/mbusafecrt.c
+  safecrt/safecrt_input_s.c
+  safecrt/safecrt_output_l.c
+  safecrt/safecrt_output_s.c
+  safecrt/safecrt_winput_s.c
+  safecrt/safecrt_woutput_s.c
+  safecrt/splitpath_s.c
+  safecrt/sprintf.c
+  safecrt/sscanf.c
+  safecrt/strcat_s.c
+  safecrt/strcpy_s.c
+  safecrt/strlen_s.c
+  safecrt/strncat_s.c
+  safecrt/strncpy_s.c
+  safecrt/strtok_s.c
+  safecrt/swprintf.c
+  safecrt/vsprintf.c
+  safecrt/vswprint.c
+  safecrt/wcscat_s.c
+  safecrt/wcscpy_s.c
+  safecrt/wcslen_s.c
+  safecrt/wcsncat_s.c
+  safecrt/wcsncpy_s.c
+  safecrt/wcstok_s.c
+  safecrt/wmakepath_s.c
+  safecrt/wsplitpath_s.c
+  safecrt/xtoa_s.c
+  safecrt/xtow_s.c
+  sharedmemory/sharedmemory.cpp
+  shmemory/shmemory.cpp
+  sync/cs.cpp
+  synchobj/event.cpp
+  synchobj/semaphore.cpp
+  synchobj/mutex.cpp
+  synchmgr/synchcontrollers.cpp
+  synchmgr/synchmanager.cpp
+  synchmgr/wait.cpp
+  thread/context.cpp
+  thread/process.cpp
+  thread/thread.cpp
+  thread/threadsusp.cpp
+  thread/tls.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(coreclrpal
+  STATIC
+  ${SOURCES}
+  ${ARCH_SOURCES}
+  ${PLATFORM_SOURCES}
+)
+
+add_library(tracepointprovider
+  STATIC
+  misc/tracepointprovider.cpp
+)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+  find_library(COREFOUNDATION CoreFoundation)
+  find_library(CORESERVICES CoreServices)
+  find_library(SECURITY Security)
+  find_library(SYSTEM System)
+  target_link_libraries(coreclrpal
+    ${COREFOUNDATION}
+    ${CORESERVICES}
+    ${SECURITY}
+    ${SYSTEM}
+  )
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL FreeBSD)
+  find_library(UNWIND unwind)
+  find_library(INTL intl)
+  target_link_libraries(coreclrpal
+    pthread
+    rt
+    ${UNWIND}
+    ${INTL}
+  )
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL FreeBSD)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Linux)
+  if(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM)
+    find_library(UNWIND_ARCH NAMES unwind-arm)
+  endif()
+
+  if(PAL_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_AMD64)
+    find_library(UNWIND_ARCH NAMES unwind-x86_64)
+  endif()
+
+  if(PAL_SYSTEM_ALPINE)
+    find_library(INTL intl)
+  endif()
+
+  find_library(UNWIND NAMES unwind)
+  find_library(UNWIND_GENERIC NAMES unwind-generic)
+
+  target_link_libraries(coreclrpal
+    gcc_s
+    pthread
+    rt
+    dl
+    uuid
+  )
+
+  if(UNWIND STREQUAL UNWIND-NOTFOUND)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libunwind. Try installing libunwind8-dev and libunwind8.")
+  endif(UNWIND STREQUAL UNWIND-NOTFOUND)
+
+  target_link_libraries(coreclrpal ${UNWIND})
+
+  if(NOT UNWIND_GENERIC STREQUAL UNWIND_GENERIC-NOTFOUND)
+    target_link_libraries(coreclrpal ${UNWIND_GENERIC})
+  endif(NOT UNWIND_GENERIC STREQUAL UNWIND_GENERIC-NOTFOUND)
+
+  if(NOT UNWIND_ARCH STREQUAL UNWIND_ARCH-NOTFOUND)
+    target_link_libraries(coreclrpal ${UNWIND_ARCH})
+  endif(NOT UNWIND_ARCH STREQUAL UNWIND_ARCH-NOTFOUND)
+
+  if(NOT INTL STREQUAL INTL-NOTFOUND)
+    target_link_libraries(coreclrpal ${INTL})
+  endif(NOT INTL STREQUAL INTL-NOTFOUND)
+
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Linux)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL NetBSD)
+  add_definitions(-D_KMEMUSER)
+  find_library(UNWIND unwind)
+  find_library(INTL intl)
+  find_library(KVM kvm)
+  target_link_libraries(coreclrpal
+    pthread
+    rt
+    ${UNWIND}
+    ${INTL}
+    ${KVM}
+  )
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL NetBSD)
+
+add_subdirectory(examples)
+
+if(FEATURE_EVENT_TRACE)
+    add_subdirectory($ENV{__IntermediatesDir}/Generated/eventprovider ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/eventprovider)
+endif(FEATURE_EVENT_TRACE)
+
+# Install the static PAL library for VS
+install (TARGETS coreclrpal DESTINATION lib)
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm/asmconstants.h b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/asmconstants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae4b01b8dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/asmconstants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifndef __PAL_ARM_ASMCONSTANTS_H__
+#define __PAL_ARM_ASMCONSTANTS_H__
+
+#define CONTEXT_ContextFlags 0
+#define CONTEXT_R0           CONTEXT_ContextFlags+4
+#define CONTEXT_R1           CONTEXT_R0+4
+#define CONTEXT_R2           CONTEXT_R1+4
+#define CONTEXT_R3           CONTEXT_R2+4
+#define CONTEXT_R4           CONTEXT_R3+4
+#define CONTEXT_R5           CONTEXT_R4+4
+#define CONTEXT_R6           CONTEXT_R5+4
+#define CONTEXT_R7           CONTEXT_R6+4
+#define CONTEXT_R8           CONTEXT_R7+4
+#define CONTEXT_R9           CONTEXT_R8+4
+#define CONTEXT_R10          CONTEXT_R9+4
+#define CONTEXT_R11          CONTEXT_R10+4
+#define CONTEXT_R12          CONTEXT_R11+4
+#define CONTEXT_Sp           CONTEXT_R12+4
+#define CONTEXT_Lr           CONTEXT_Sp+4
+#define CONTEXT_Pc           CONTEXT_Lr+4
+#define CONTEXT_Cpsr         CONTEXT_Pc+4
+#define CONTEXT_Fpscr        CONTEXT_Cpsr+4
+#define CONTEXT_Padding      CONTEXT_Fpscr+4
+#define CONTEXT_D0           CONTEXT_Padding+4
+#define CONTEXT_D1           CONTEXT_D0+8
+#define CONTEXT_D2           CONTEXT_D1+8
+#define CONTEXT_D3           CONTEXT_D2+8
+#define CONTEXT_D4           CONTEXT_D3+8
+#define CONTEXT_D5           CONTEXT_D4+8
+#define CONTEXT_D6           CONTEXT_D5+8
+#define CONTEXT_D7           CONTEXT_D6+8
+#define CONTEXT_D8           CONTEXT_D7+8
+#define CONTEXT_D9           CONTEXT_D8+8
+#define CONTEXT_D10          CONTEXT_D9+8
+#define CONTEXT_D11          CONTEXT_D10+8
+#define CONTEXT_D12          CONTEXT_D11+8
+#define CONTEXT_D13          CONTEXT_D12+8
+#define CONTEXT_D14          CONTEXT_D13+8
+#define CONTEXT_D15          CONTEXT_D14+8
+#define CONTEXT_D16          CONTEXT_D15+8
+#define CONTEXT_D17          CONTEXT_D16+8
+#define CONTEXT_D18          CONTEXT_D17+8
+#define CONTEXT_D19          CONTEXT_D18+8
+#define CONTEXT_D20          CONTEXT_D19+8
+#define CONTEXT_D21          CONTEXT_D20+8
+#define CONTEXT_D22          CONTEXT_D21+8
+#define CONTEXT_D23          CONTEXT_D22+8
+#define CONTEXT_D24          CONTEXT_D23+8
+#define CONTEXT_D25          CONTEXT_D24+8
+#define CONTEXT_D26          CONTEXT_D25+8
+#define CONTEXT_D27          CONTEXT_D26+8
+#define CONTEXT_D28          CONTEXT_D27+8
+#define CONTEXT_D29          CONTEXT_D28+8
+#define CONTEXT_D30          CONTEXT_D29+8
+#define CONTEXT_D31          CONTEXT_D30+8
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm/context2.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/context2.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..61e9ab8463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/context2.S
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+//
+// Implementation of _CONTEXT_CaptureContext for the ARM platform.
+// This function is processor dependent.  It is used by exception handling,
+// and is always apply to the current thread.
+//
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+#include "asmconstants.h"
+
+.syntax unified
+.thumb
+
+#define CONTEXT_ARM     0x00200000
+
+#define CONTEXT_CONTROL 1 // Sp, Lr, Pc, Cpsr
+#define CONTEXT_INTEGER 2 // R0-R12
+#define CONTEXT_SEGMENTS 4 // 
+#define CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT 8
+#define CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS 16 //
+
+#define CONTEXT_FULL (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+
+
+// Incoming:
+//  r0: Context*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+    // Ensure we save these registers
+    push {r4-r11}
+    // Save processor flags before calling any of the following 'test' instructions
+    // because they will modify state of some flags
+    push {r1}
+    mrs r1, apsr // Get APSR - equivalent to eflags
+    push {r1} // Save APSR
+    END_PROLOGUE
+    
+    push {r2}
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    pop {r2}
+    
+    // Add 4 to stack so we point at R1, pop, then sub 8 to point at APSR
+    add sp, sp, #4
+    pop {r1}
+    sub sp, sp, #8
+    
+    itttt ne
+    strne r0, [r0, #(CONTEXT_R0)]
+    addne r0, CONTEXT_R1
+    stmiane r0, {r1-r12}
+    subne r0, CONTEXT_R1
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    
+    ittt ne
+    addne sp, sp, #(10*4) // This needs to put the stack in the same state as it started
+    strne sp, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Sp)]
+    subne sp, sp, #(10*4)
+    
+    itt ne
+    strne lr, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Lr)]
+    strne lr, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Pc)]
+    
+    // Get the APSR pushed onto the stack at the start
+    pop {r1}
+    it ne
+    strne r1, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Cpsr)]
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    
+    itt ne
+    vmrsne r3, fpscr
+    strne r3, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Fpscr)]
+    
+    itttt ne
+    addne r0, CONTEXT_D0
+    vstmiane r0!, {d0-d15}
+    vstmiane r0!, {d16-d31}
+    subne r0, CONTEXT_D31
+    
+    // Make sure sp is restored
+    add sp, sp, #4
+
+    // Restore callee saved registers
+    pop {r4-r11}
+    bx lr
+LEAF_END CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+// Incoming:
+//  R0: Context*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+    push {r1}
+    mov r1, #0
+    orr r1, r1, #CONTEXT_ARM
+    orr r1, r1, #CONTEXT_INTEGER
+    orr r1, r1, #CONTEXT_CONTROL
+    orr r1, r1, #CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+    str r1, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    pop {r1}
+    b C_FUNC(CONTEXT_CaptureContext)
+LEAF_END RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+// Incoming:
+//  r0: Context*
+//  r1: Exception*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
+    END_PROLOGUE
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    
+    itttt ne
+    addne r0, CONTEXT_D0
+    vldmiane r0!, {d0-d15}
+    vldmiane r0, {d16-d31}
+    subne r0, CONTEXT_D16
+    
+    itt ne
+    ldrne r3, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Fpscr)]
+    vmrsne r3, FPSCR
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    
+    it eq
+    beq LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    
+    it eq
+    beq LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    
+    ldr R2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Cpsr)]
+    msr APSR, r2    
+    
+    // Ideally, we would like to use `ldmia r0, {r0-r12, sp, lr, pc}` here,
+    // but clang 3.6 and later, as per ARM recommendation, disallows using
+    // Sp in the register list, and Pc and Lr simultaneously.
+    // So we are going to use the IPC register r12 to copy Sp, Lr and Pc
+    // which should be ok -- TODO: Is this really ok?
+    add r12, r0, CONTEXT_R0
+    ldm r12, {r0-r11}
+    ldr sp, [r12, #(CONTEXT_Sp - (CONTEXT_R0))]
+    ldr lr, [r12, #(CONTEXT_Lr - (CONTEXT_R0))]
+    ldr pc, [r12, #(CONTEXT_Pc - (CONTEXT_R0))]
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER):
+    
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Cpsr)]
+    msr APSR, r2    
+    
+    ldr sp, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Sp)]
+    ldr lr, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Lr)]
+    ldr pc, [r0, #(CONTEXT_Pc)]
+    
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL):
+    ldr r2, [r0, #(CONTEXT_ContextFlags)]
+    tst r2, #(CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    
+    itt ne
+    addne r0, CONTEXT_R0
+    ldmiane r0, {r0-r12}
+
+    sub sp, sp, #4
+    bx lr
+LEAF_END RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm/debugbreak.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/debugbreak.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..863d7cf40b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/debugbreak.S
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+.syntax unified
+.thumb
+
+LEAF_ENTRY DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+    EMIT_BREAKPOINT
+    bx lr
+LEAF_END_MARKED DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm/exceptionhelper.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/exceptionhelper.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ed1c9c3dc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/exceptionhelper.S
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+#include "asmconstants.h"
+
+.syntax unified
+.thumb
+
+// EXTERN_C void ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal(CONTEXT* context, PAL_SEHException* ex);
+LEAF_ENTRY ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
+    // Ported from src/pal/src/arch/i386/exceptionhelper.S
+    push_nonvol_reg {r7} /* FP. x64-RBP */
+
+    ldr	r4,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R4)]
+    ldr	r5,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R5)]
+    ldr	r6,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R6)]
+    ldr	r7,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R7)]
+    ldr	r8,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R8)]
+    ldr	r9,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R9)]
+    ldr	r10,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R10)]
+    ldr	r11,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_R11)]
+    ldr	sp,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_Sp)]
+    ldr	lr,	[r0, #(CONTEXT_Pc)]
+
+    // The PAL_SEHException pointer
+    mov	r0,	r1
+    b	EXTERNAL_C_FUNC(ThrowExceptionHelper)
+LEAF_END ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm/processor.cpp b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/processor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f41caff1e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm/processor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    processor.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of processor related functions for the ARM
+    platform. These functions are processor dependent.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+/*++
+Function:
+YieldProcessor
+
+The YieldProcessor function signals to the processor to give resources
+to threads that are waiting for them. This macro is only effective on
+processors that support technology allowing multiple threads running
+on a single processor, such as Intel's Hyper-Threading technology.
+
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+YieldProcessor(
+    VOID)
+{
+	// Pretty sure ARM has no useful function here?
+    return;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/context2.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/context2.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a64e62c94d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/context2.S
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+//
+// Implementation of _CONTEXT_CaptureContext for the ARM platform.
+// This function is processor dependent.  It is used by exception handling,
+// and is always apply to the current thread.
+//
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+#define CONTEXT_ARM64   0x00400000L
+
+#define CONTEXT_CONTROL (CONTEXT_ARM64 | 0x1L)
+#define CONTEXT_INTEGER (CONTEXT_ARM64 | 0x2L)
+#define CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT  (CONTEXT_ARM64 | 0x4L)
+#define CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS (CONTEXT_ARM64 | 0x8L)
+
+#define CONTEXT_FULL (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+
+#define CONTEXT_ContextFlags 0
+#define CONTEXT_Cpsr         CONTEXT_ContextFlags+4
+#define CONTEXT_X0           CONTEXT_Cpsr+4
+#define CONTEXT_X1           CONTEXT_X0+8
+#define CONTEXT_X2           CONTEXT_X1+8
+#define CONTEXT_X3           CONTEXT_X2+8
+#define CONTEXT_X4           CONTEXT_X3+8
+#define CONTEXT_X5           CONTEXT_X4+8
+#define CONTEXT_X6           CONTEXT_X5+8
+#define CONTEXT_X7           CONTEXT_X6+8
+#define CONTEXT_X8           CONTEXT_X7+8
+#define CONTEXT_X9           CONTEXT_X8+8
+#define CONTEXT_X10          CONTEXT_X9+8
+#define CONTEXT_X11          CONTEXT_X10+8
+#define CONTEXT_X12          CONTEXT_X11+8
+#define CONTEXT_X13          CONTEXT_X12+8
+#define CONTEXT_X14          CONTEXT_X13+8
+#define CONTEXT_X15          CONTEXT_X14+8
+#define CONTEXT_X16          CONTEXT_X15+8
+#define CONTEXT_X17          CONTEXT_X16+8
+#define CONTEXT_X18          CONTEXT_X17+8
+#define CONTEXT_X19          CONTEXT_X18+8
+#define CONTEXT_X20          CONTEXT_X19+8
+#define CONTEXT_X21          CONTEXT_X20+8
+#define CONTEXT_X22          CONTEXT_X21+8
+#define CONTEXT_X23          CONTEXT_X22+8
+#define CONTEXT_X24          CONTEXT_X23+8
+#define CONTEXT_X25          CONTEXT_X24+8
+#define CONTEXT_X26          CONTEXT_X25+8
+#define CONTEXT_X27          CONTEXT_X26+8
+#define CONTEXT_X28          CONTEXT_X27+8
+#define CONTEXT_Fp           CONTEXT_X28+8
+#define CONTEXT_Lr           CONTEXT_Fp+8
+#define CONTEXT_Sp           CONTEXT_Lr+8
+#define CONTEXT_Pc           CONTEXT_Sp+8
+#define CONTEXT_NEON_OFFSET  CONTEXT_Pc+8
+#define CONTEXT_V0           0
+#define CONTEXT_V1           CONTEXT_V0+16
+#define CONTEXT_V2           CONTEXT_V1+16
+#define CONTEXT_V3           CONTEXT_V2+16
+#define CONTEXT_V4           CONTEXT_V3+16
+#define CONTEXT_V5           CONTEXT_V4+16
+#define CONTEXT_V6           CONTEXT_V5+16
+#define CONTEXT_V7           CONTEXT_V6+16
+#define CONTEXT_V8           CONTEXT_V7+16
+#define CONTEXT_V9           CONTEXT_V8+16
+#define CONTEXT_V10          CONTEXT_V9+16
+#define CONTEXT_V11          CONTEXT_V10+16
+#define CONTEXT_V12          CONTEXT_V11+16
+#define CONTEXT_V13          CONTEXT_V12+16
+#define CONTEXT_V14          CONTEXT_V13+16
+#define CONTEXT_V15          CONTEXT_V14+16
+#define CONTEXT_V16          CONTEXT_V15+16
+#define CONTEXT_V17          CONTEXT_V16+16
+#define CONTEXT_V18          CONTEXT_V17+16
+#define CONTEXT_V19          CONTEXT_V18+16
+#define CONTEXT_V20          CONTEXT_V19+16
+#define CONTEXT_V21          CONTEXT_V20+16
+#define CONTEXT_V22          CONTEXT_V21+16
+#define CONTEXT_V23          CONTEXT_V22+16
+#define CONTEXT_V24          CONTEXT_V23+16
+#define CONTEXT_V25          CONTEXT_V24+16
+#define CONTEXT_V26          CONTEXT_V25+16
+#define CONTEXT_V27          CONTEXT_V26+16
+#define CONTEXT_V28          CONTEXT_V27+16
+#define CONTEXT_V29          CONTEXT_V28+16
+#define CONTEXT_V30          CONTEXT_V29+16
+#define CONTEXT_V31          CONTEXT_V30+16
+#define CONTEXT_FLOAT_CONTROL_OFFSET  CONTEXT_V31
+#define CONTEXT_Fpcr         0
+#define CONTEXT_Fpsr         CONTEXT_Fpcr+4
+
+// Incoming:
+//  x0: Context*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+    sub sp, sp, #32
+    // save x1, x2 and x3 on stack so we can use them as scratch
+    stp x1, x2, [sp]
+    str x3, [sp, 16]
+    // save the current flags on the stack
+    mrs x1, nzcv
+    str x1, [sp, 24]
+
+    ldr w1, [x0, CONTEXT_ContextFlags]
+    // clangs assembler doesn't seem to support the mov Wx, imm32 yet
+    movz w2, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w2, #0x1
+    mov w3, w2
+    and w2, w1, w2
+    cmp w2, w3
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+
+    // save the cpsr
+    ldr x2, [sp, 24]
+    str w2, [x0, CONTEXT_Cpsr]
+    stp fp, lr, [x0, CONTEXT_Fp]
+    add sp, sp, #32
+    mov x2, sp
+    stp x2, lr, [x0, CONTEXT_Sp]
+    sub sp, sp, #32
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_CONTROL): 
+    // we dont clobber x1 in the CONTEXT_CONTROL case
+    // ldr w1, [x0, CONTEXT_ContextFlags]
+    // clangs assembler doesn't seem to support the mov Wx, imm32 yet
+    movz w2, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w2, #0x2
+    mov w3, w2
+    and w2, w1, w2
+    cmp w2, w3
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+
+    ldp x1, x2,   [sp]
+    ldr x3,       [sp, 16]
+
+    stp x0, x1,   [x0, CONTEXT_X0]
+    stp x2, x3,   [x0, CONTEXT_X2]
+    stp x4, x5,   [x0, CONTEXT_X4]
+    stp x6, x7,   [x0, CONTEXT_X6]
+    stp x8, x9,   [x0, CONTEXT_X8]
+    stp x10, x11, [x0, CONTEXT_X10]
+    stp x12, x13, [x0, CONTEXT_X12]
+    stp x14, x15, [x0, CONTEXT_X14]
+    stp x16, x17, [x0, CONTEXT_X16]
+    stp x18, x19, [x0, CONTEXT_X18]
+    stp x20, x21, [x0, CONTEXT_X20]
+    stp x22, x23, [x0, CONTEXT_X22]
+    stp x24, x25, [x0, CONTEXT_X24]
+    stp x26, x27, [x0, CONTEXT_X26]
+    str x28,      [x0, CONTEXT_X28]
+
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_INTEGER): 
+    ldr w1, [x0, CONTEXT_ContextFlags]
+    // clangs assembler doesn't seem to support the mov Wx, imm32 yet
+    movz w2, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w2, #0x4
+    mov w3, w2
+    and w2, w1, w2
+    cmp w2, w3
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+
+    add x0, x0,   CONTEXT_NEON_OFFSET
+    stp q0, q1,   [x0, CONTEXT_V0]
+    stp q2, q3,   [x0, CONTEXT_V2]
+    stp q4, q5,   [x0, CONTEXT_V4]
+    stp q6, q7,   [x0, CONTEXT_V6]
+    stp q8, q9,   [x0, CONTEXT_V8]
+    stp q10, q11, [x0, CONTEXT_V10]
+    stp q12, q13, [x0, CONTEXT_V12]
+    stp q14, q15, [x0, CONTEXT_V14]
+    stp q16, q17, [x0, CONTEXT_V16]
+    stp q18, q19, [x0, CONTEXT_V18]
+    stp q20, q21, [x0, CONTEXT_V20]
+    stp q22, q23, [x0, CONTEXT_V22]
+    stp q24, q25, [x0, CONTEXT_V24]
+    stp q26, q27, [x0, CONTEXT_V26]
+    stp q28, q29, [x0, CONTEXT_V28]
+    stp q30, q31, [x0, CONTEXT_V30]
+    add x0, x0,   CONTEXT_FLOAT_CONTROL_OFFSET
+    mrs x1, fpcr
+    mrs x2, fpsr
+    sub x0, x0,   CONTEXT_FLOAT_CONTROL_OFFSET
+    stp x1, x2,   [x0, CONTEXT_Fpcr]
+    sub x0, x0,   CONTEXT_NEON_OFFSET
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT):
+    
+    add sp, sp, #32
+    ret
+LEAF_END CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+// Incoming:
+//  x0: Context*
+
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+    sub sp, sp, #16
+    str x1, [sp]
+    // same as above, clang doesn't like mov with #imm32
+    // keep this in sync if CONTEXT_FULL changes
+    movz w1, #0x40, lsl #16
+    orr w1, w1, #0x1
+    orr w1, w1, #0x2
+    orr w1, w1, #0x4
+    orr w1, w1, #0x8
+    str w1, [x0, CONTEXT_ContextFlags]
+    ldr x1, [sp]
+    add sp, sp, #16
+    b C_FUNC(CONTEXT_CaptureContext)
+LEAF_END RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+// Incoming:
+//  x0: Context*
+//  x1: Exception*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
+    // aarch64 specifies:
+    //   IP0 and IP1, the Intra-Procedure Call temporary registers,
+    //   are available for use by e.g. veneers or branch islands during a procedure call.
+    //   They are otherwise corruptible.
+    // Since we cannot control $pc directly, we're going to corrupt x16 and x17
+    // so that we can restore control
+    // since we potentially clobber x0 below, we'll bank it in x16
+    mov x16, x0
+
+    ldr w2, [x16, CONTEXT_ContextFlags]
+    // clangs assembler doesn't seem to support the mov Wx, imm32 yet
+    movz w3, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w3, #0x4
+    mov w4, w3
+    and w3, w2, w3
+    cmp w3, w4
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+
+    add x16, x16,   CONTEXT_NEON_OFFSET
+    ldp q0, q1,   [x16, CONTEXT_V0]
+    ldp q2, q3,   [x16, CONTEXT_V2]
+    ldp q4, q5,   [x16, CONTEXT_V4]
+    ldp q6, q7,   [x16, CONTEXT_V6]
+    ldp q8, q9,   [x16, CONTEXT_V8]
+    ldp q10, q11, [x16, CONTEXT_V10]
+    ldp q12, q13, [x16, CONTEXT_V12]
+    ldp q14, q15, [x16, CONTEXT_V14]
+    ldp q16, q17, [x16, CONTEXT_V16]
+    ldp q18, q19, [x16, CONTEXT_V18]
+    ldp q20, q21, [x16, CONTEXT_V20]
+    ldp q22, q23, [x16, CONTEXT_V22]
+    ldp q24, q25, [x16, CONTEXT_V24]
+    ldp q26, q27, [x16, CONTEXT_V26]
+    ldp q28, q29, [x16, CONTEXT_V28]
+    ldp q30, q31, [x16, CONTEXT_V30]
+    ldp x1, x2,   [x16, CONTEXT_Fpcr]
+    msr fpcr, x1
+    msr fpsr, x2
+    sub x16, x16,   CONTEXT_NEON_OFFSET
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT):
+    movz w2, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w2, #0x2
+    mov w3, w2
+    and w2, w1, w2
+    cmp w2, w3
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+
+    ldp x0, x1,   [x16, CONTEXT_X0]
+    ldp x2, x3,   [x16, CONTEXT_X2]
+    ldp x4, x5,   [x16, CONTEXT_X4]
+    ldp x6, x7,   [x16, CONTEXT_X6]
+    ldp x8, x9,   [x16, CONTEXT_X8]
+    ldp x10, x11, [x16, CONTEXT_X10]
+    ldp x12, x13, [x16, CONTEXT_X12]
+    ldp x14, x15, [x16, CONTEXT_X14]
+    ldp x18, x19, [x16, CONTEXT_X18]
+    ldp x20, x21, [x16, CONTEXT_X20]
+    ldp x22, x23, [x16, CONTEXT_X22]
+    ldp x24, x25, [x16, CONTEXT_X24]
+    ldp x26, x27, [x16, CONTEXT_X26]
+    ldr x28,      [x16, CONTEXT_X28]
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER):
+    movz w2, #0x40, lsl #16
+    movk w2, #0x2
+    mov w3, w2
+    and w2, w1, w2
+    cmp w2, w3
+    b.ne LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+
+    ldr w17, [x16, CONTEXT_Cpsr]
+    msr nzcv, x17
+    ldp fp, lr, [x16, CONTEXT_Fp]
+    ldr x17, [x16, CONTEXT_Sp]
+    mov sp, x17
+    ldr x17, [x16, CONTEXT_Pc]
+    br x17
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL):
+    ret
+
+LEAF_END RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/debugbreak.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/debugbreak.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0dc5bb6bd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/debugbreak.S
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+LEAF_ENTRY DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+    EMIT_BREAKPOINT
+    ret
+LEAF_END_MARKED DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/exceptionhelper.S b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/exceptionhelper.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fdcfc5eb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/exceptionhelper.S
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+LEAF_ENTRY ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
+    EMIT_BREAKPOINT
+LEAF_END ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/processor.cpp b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/processor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c7851a2b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/arm64/processor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    processor.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of processor related functions for the ARM64
+    platform. These functions are processor dependent.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+/*++
+Function:
+YieldProcessor
+
+The YieldProcessor function signals to the processor to give resources
+to threads that are waiting for them. This macro is only effective on
+processors that support technology allowing multiple threads running
+on a single processor, such as Intel's Hyper-Threading technology.
+
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+YieldProcessor(
+    VOID)
+{
+    return;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/activationhandlerwrapper.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/activationhandlerwrapper.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63f718e81f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/activationhandlerwrapper.S
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+#include "asmconstants.h"
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+// Offset of the return address from the ActivationHandler in the ActivationHandlerWrapper
+.globl C_FUNC(ActivationHandlerReturnOffset)
+C_FUNC(ActivationHandlerReturnOffset):
+    .int LOCAL_LABEL(ActivationHandlerReturn)-C_FUNC(ActivationHandlerWrapper)
+
+NESTED_ENTRY ActivationHandlerWrapper, _TEXT, NoHandler
+    push_nonvol_reg rbp
+    mov     rbp, rsp
+    alloc_stack (CONTEXT_Size)
+    set_cfa_register rbp, (2*8)
+    mov     rdi, rsp
+    int3
+    call    C_FUNC(ActivationHandler)
+LOCAL_LABEL(ActivationHandlerReturn):
+    int3
+    free_stack (CONTEXT_Size)
+    pop_nonvol_reg rbp
+    ret
+NESTED_END ActivationHandlerWrapper, _TEXT
+
+#endif // BIT64
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/asmconstants.h b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/asmconstants.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..182c1191e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/asmconstants.h
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+
+#define CONTEXT_AMD64   0x100000
+
+#define CONTEXT_CONTROL 1 // SegSs, Rsp, SegCs, Rip, and EFlags
+#define CONTEXT_INTEGER 2 // Rax, Rcx, Rdx, Rbx, Rbp, Rsi, Rdi, R8-R15
+#define CONTEXT_SEGMENTS 4 // SegDs, SegEs, SegFs, SegGs
+#define CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT 8
+#define CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS 16 // Dr0-Dr3 and Dr6-Dr7
+
+#define CONTEXT_FULL (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+
+#define CONTEXT_XSTATE 64
+
+#define CONTEXT_ContextFlags 6*8
+#define CONTEXT_SegCs CONTEXT_ContextFlags+8
+#define CONTEXT_SegDs CONTEXT_SegCs+2
+#define CONTEXT_SegEs CONTEXT_SegDs+2
+#define CONTEXT_SegFs CONTEXT_SegEs+2
+#define CONTEXT_SegGs CONTEXT_SegFs+2
+#define CONTEXT_SegSs CONTEXT_SegGs+2
+#define CONTEXT_EFlags CONTEXT_SegSs+2
+#define CONTEXT_Dr0 CONTEXT_EFlags+4
+#define CONTEXT_Dr1 CONTEXT_Dr0+8
+#define CONTEXT_Dr2 CONTEXT_Dr1+8
+#define CONTEXT_Dr3 CONTEXT_Dr2+8
+#define CONTEXT_Dr6 CONTEXT_Dr3+8
+#define CONTEXT_Dr7 CONTEXT_Dr6+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rax CONTEXT_Dr7+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rcx CONTEXT_Rax+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rdx CONTEXT_Rcx+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rbx CONTEXT_Rdx+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rsp CONTEXT_Rbx+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rbp CONTEXT_Rsp+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rsi CONTEXT_Rbp+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rdi CONTEXT_Rsi+8
+#define CONTEXT_R8 CONTEXT_Rdi+8
+#define CONTEXT_R9 CONTEXT_R8+8
+#define CONTEXT_R10 CONTEXT_R9+8
+#define CONTEXT_R11 CONTEXT_R10+8
+#define CONTEXT_R12 CONTEXT_R11+8
+#define CONTEXT_R13 CONTEXT_R12+8
+#define CONTEXT_R14 CONTEXT_R13+8
+#define CONTEXT_R15 CONTEXT_R14+8
+#define CONTEXT_Rip CONTEXT_R15+8
+#define CONTEXT_FltSave CONTEXT_Rip+8
+#define FLOATING_SAVE_AREA_SIZE 4*8+24*16+96
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm0 CONTEXT_FltSave+10*16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm1 CONTEXT_Xmm0+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm2 CONTEXT_Xmm1+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm3 CONTEXT_Xmm2+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm4 CONTEXT_Xmm3+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm5 CONTEXT_Xmm4+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm6 CONTEXT_Xmm5+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm7 CONTEXT_Xmm6+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm8 CONTEXT_Xmm7+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm9 CONTEXT_Xmm8+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm10 CONTEXT_Xmm9+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm11 CONTEXT_Xmm10+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm12 CONTEXT_Xmm11+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm13 CONTEXT_Xmm12+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm14 CONTEXT_Xmm13+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm15 CONTEXT_Xmm14+16
+#define CONTEXT_VectorRegister CONTEXT_FltSave+FLOATING_SAVE_AREA_SIZE
+#define CONTEXT_VectorControl CONTEXT_VectorRegister+16*26
+#define CONTEXT_DebugControl CONTEXT_VectorControl+8
+#define CONTEXT_LastBranchToRip CONTEXT_DebugControl+8
+#define CONTEXT_LastBranchFromRip CONTEXT_LastBranchToRip+8
+#define CONTEXT_LastExceptionToRip CONTEXT_LastBranchFromRip+8
+#define CONTEXT_LastExceptionFromRip CONTEXT_LastExceptionToRip+8
+#define CONTEXT_Size CONTEXT_LastExceptionFromRip+8
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#define CONTEXT_ContextFlags 0
+#define CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT 8
+#define CONTEXT_FloatSave 7*4
+#define FLOATING_SAVE_AREA_SIZE 8*4+80
+#define CONTEXT_Edi CONTEXT_FloatSave + FLOATING_SAVE_AREA_SIZE + 4*4
+#define CONTEXT_Esi CONTEXT_Edi+4
+#define CONTEXT_Ebx CONTEXT_Esi+4
+#define CONTEXT_Edx CONTEXT_Ebx+4
+#define CONTEXT_Ecx CONTEXT_Edx+4
+#define CONTEXT_Eax CONTEXT_Ecx+4
+#define CONTEXT_Ebp CONTEXT_Eax+4
+#define CONTEXT_Eip CONTEXT_Ebp+4
+#define CONTEXT_SegCs CONTEXT_Eip+4
+#define CONTEXT_EFlags CONTEXT_SegCs+4
+#define CONTEXT_Esp CONTEXT_EFlags+4
+#define CONTEXT_SegSs CONTEXT_Esp+4
+#define CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS 32
+#define CONTEXT_ExtendedRegisters CONTEXT_SegSs+4
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm0 CONTEXT_ExtendedRegisters+160
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm1 CONTEXT_Xmm0+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm2 CONTEXT_Xmm1+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm3 CONTEXT_Xmm2+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm4 CONTEXT_Xmm3+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm5 CONTEXT_Xmm4+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm6 CONTEXT_Xmm5+16
+#define CONTEXT_Xmm7 CONTEXT_Xmm6+16
+
+#endif // BIT64
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f8a2dca89c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context.S
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#if defined(_DEBUG)
+    .text
+    .globl _DBG_CheckStackAlignment
+
+_DBG_CheckStackAlignment:
+  // Prolog - at this point we are at aligned - 8 (for the call)
+  pushq %rbp                        // aligned -16
+  movq %rsp, %rbp
+
+  testl $0xf,%esp      // can get away with esp even on AMD64.
+  jz .+3
+  int3
+
+  // Epilog
+  popq %rbp
+  ret
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context2.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context2.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e93e81a55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/context2.S
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+//
+// Implementation of _CONTEXT_CaptureContext for the Intel x86 platform.
+// This function is processor dependent.  It is used by exception handling,
+// and is always apply to the current thread.
+//
+
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+#include "asmconstants.h"
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+
+#define IRETFRAME_Rip 0
+#define IRETFRAME_SegCs IRETFRAME_Rip+8
+#define IRETFRAME_EFlags IRETFRAME_SegCs+8
+#define IRETFRAME_Rsp IRETFRAME_EFlags+8
+#define IRETFRAME_SegSs IRETFRAME_Rsp+8
+#define IRetFrameLength IRETFRAME_SegSs+8
+#define IRetFrameLengthAligned 16*((IRetFrameLength+8)/16)
+
+// Incoming:
+//  RDI: Context*
+//
+LEAF_ENTRY CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+    // Save processor flags before calling any of the following 'test' instructions
+    // because they will modify state of some flags
+    push_eflags
+    END_PROLOGUE
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_INTEGER
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rdi], rdi
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rsi], rsi
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbx], rbx
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rdx], rdx
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rcx], rcx
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rax], rax
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbp], rbp
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R8], r8
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R9], r9
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R10], r10
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R11], r11
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R12], r12
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R13], r13
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R14], r14
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_R15], r15   
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_INTEGER):
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_CONTROL
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    
+    // Return address is @ (RSP + 8)
+    mov     rdx, [rsp + 8]
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rip], rdx
+.att_syntax 
+    mov     %cs, CONTEXT_SegCs(%rdi)
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+    // Get the value of EFlags that was pushed on stack at the beginning of the function
+    mov     rdx, [rsp]
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_EFlags], edx
+    lea     rdx, [rsp + 16]
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Rsp], rdx
+.att_syntax 
+    mov     %ss, CONTEXT_SegSs(%rdi)
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_CONTROL):
+
+    // Need to double check this is producing the right result
+    // also that FFSXR (fast save/restore) is not turned on
+    // otherwise it omits the xmm registers.
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    fxsave  [rdi + CONTEXT_FltSave]
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT):
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS)
+    mov     rdx, dr0
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr0], rdx
+    mov     rdx, dr1
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr1], rdx
+    mov     rdx, dr2
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr2], rdx
+    mov     rdx, dr3
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr3], rdx
+    mov     rdx, dr6
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr6], rdx
+    mov     rdx, dr7
+    mov     [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr7], rdx
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS):
+
+    free_stack 8
+    ret
+LEAF_END CONTEXT_CaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+    mov     DWORD PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], (CONTEXT_AMD64 | CONTEXT_FULL | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS)
+    jmp     C_FUNC(CONTEXT_CaptureContext)
+LEAF_END RtlCaptureContext, _TEXT
+
+LEAF_ENTRY RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
+    push_nonvol_reg rbp
+    alloc_stack (IRetFrameLengthAligned)
+    
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS)
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr0]
+    mov     dr0, rdx
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr1]
+    mov     dr1, rdx
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr2]
+    mov     dr2, rdx
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr3]
+    mov     dr3, rdx
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr6]
+    mov     dr6, rdx
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Dr7]
+    mov     dr7, rdx
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_DEBUG_REGISTERS):
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    fxrstor [rdi + CONTEXT_FltSave]
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT):
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_XSTATE
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_XSTATE)
+
+    // Restore the extended state (for now, this is just the upper halves of YMM registers)
+    vinsertf128 ymm0, ymm0, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 0 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm1, ymm1, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 1 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm2, ymm2, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 2 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm3, ymm3, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 3 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm4, ymm4, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 4 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm5, ymm5, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 5 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm6, ymm6, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 6 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm7, ymm7, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 7 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm8, ymm8, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 8 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm9, ymm9, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 9 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm10, ymm10, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 10 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm11, ymm11, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 11 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm12, ymm12, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 12 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm13, ymm13, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 13 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm14, ymm14, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 14 * 16)], 1
+    vinsertf128 ymm15, ymm15, xmmword ptr [rdi + (CONTEXT_VectorRegister + 15 * 16)], 1
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_XSTATE):
+
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_CONTROL
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+
+    // The control registers are restored via the iret instruction
+    // so we build the frame for the iret on the stack.
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+.att_syntax 
+    // On OSX, we cannot read SS via the thread_get_context and RtlRestoreContext
+    // needs to be used on context extracted by thread_get_context. So we 
+    // don't change the SS.
+    mov     %ss, %ax
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#else    
+    mov     ax, [rdi + CONTEXT_SegSs]
+#endif    
+    mov     [rsp + IRETFRAME_SegSs], ax
+    mov     rax, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rsp]
+    mov     [rsp + IRETFRAME_Rsp], rax
+    mov     eax, [rdi + CONTEXT_EFlags]
+    mov     [rsp + IRETFRAME_EFlags], eax
+    mov     ax, [rdi + CONTEXT_SegCs]
+    mov     [rsp + IRETFRAME_SegCs], ax
+    mov     rax, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rip]
+    mov     [rsp + IRETFRAME_Rip], rax
+
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL):
+    // Remember the result of the test for the CONTEXT_CONTROL
+    push_eflags
+    test    BYTE PTR [rdi + CONTEXT_ContextFlags], CONTEXT_INTEGER
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    mov     rsi, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rsi]
+    mov     rbx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbx]
+    mov     rdx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rdx]
+    mov     rcx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rcx]
+    mov     rax, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rax]
+    mov     rbp, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbp]
+    mov     r8, [rdi + CONTEXT_R8]
+    mov     r9, [rdi + CONTEXT_R9]
+    mov     r10, [rdi + CONTEXT_R10]
+    mov     r11, [rdi + CONTEXT_R11]
+    mov     r12, [rdi + CONTEXT_R12]
+    mov     r13, [rdi + CONTEXT_R13]
+    mov     r14, [rdi + CONTEXT_R14]
+    mov     r15, [rdi + CONTEXT_R15]   
+    mov     rdi, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rdi]
+LOCAL_LABEL(Done_Restore_CONTEXT_INTEGER):
+
+    // Restore the result of the test for the CONTEXT_CONTROL
+    pop_eflags
+    je      LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    // The function was asked to restore the control registers, so
+    // we perform iretq that restores them all. 
+    // We don't return to the caller in this case.
+    iretq 
+LOCAL_LABEL(No_Restore_CONTEXT_CONTROL):
+
+    // The function was not asked to restore the control registers
+    // so we return back to the caller.
+    free_stack (IRetFrameLengthAligned)
+    pop_nonvol_reg rbp
+    ret
+LEAF_END RtlRestoreContext, _TEXT
+
+#else
+
+    .globl C_FUNC(CONTEXT_CaptureContext)
+C_FUNC(CONTEXT_CaptureContext):
+    push %eax
+    mov 8(%esp), %eax
+    mov %edi, CONTEXT_Edi(%eax)
+    mov %esi, CONTEXT_Esi(%eax)
+    mov %ebx, CONTEXT_Ebx(%eax)
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_Edx(%eax)
+    mov %ecx, CONTEXT_Ecx(%eax)
+    pop %ecx
+    mov %ecx, CONTEXT_Eax(%eax)
+    mov %ebp, CONTEXT_Ebp(%eax)
+    mov (%esp), %edx
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_Eip(%eax)
+    push %cs
+    pop %edx
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_SegCs(%eax)
+    pushf
+    pop %edx
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_EFlags(%eax)
+    lea 4(%esp), %edx
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_Esp(%eax)
+    push %ss
+    pop %edx
+    mov %edx, CONTEXT_SegSs(%eax)
+    testb $CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT, CONTEXT_ContextFlags(%eax)
+    je 0f
+    fnsave CONTEXT_FloatSave(%eax)
+    frstor CONTEXT_FloatSave(%eax)
+0:
+    testb $CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS, CONTEXT_ContextFlags(%eax)
+    je 2f
+    movdqu %xmm0, CONTEXT_Xmm0(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm1, CONTEXT_Xmm1(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm2, CONTEXT_Xmm2(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm3, CONTEXT_Xmm3(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm4, CONTEXT_Xmm4(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm5, CONTEXT_Xmm5(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm6, CONTEXT_Xmm6(%eax)
+    movdqu %xmm7, CONTEXT_Xmm7(%eax)
+2:
+    ret
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/debugbreak.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/debugbreak.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3065e4064c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/debugbreak.S
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+LEAF_ENTRY DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+        int3
+        ret
+LEAF_END_MARKED DBG_DebugBreak, _TEXT
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/dispatchexceptionwrapper.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/dispatchexceptionwrapper.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ee5ff468d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/dispatchexceptionwrapper.S
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+// ==++==
+//
+
+// ==--==
+//
+// Implementation of the PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper that is
+// interposed between a function that caused a hardware fault
+// and PAL_DispatchException that throws an SEH exception for
+// the fault, to make the stack unwindable.
+//
+
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+
+// Offset of the return address from the PAL_DispatchException in the PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper
+.globl C_FUNC(PAL_DispatchExceptionReturnOffset)
+C_FUNC(PAL_DispatchExceptionReturnOffset):
+    .int LOCAL_LABEL(PAL_DispatchExceptionReturn) - C_FUNC(PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper)
+
+//
+// PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper will never be called; it only serves
+// to be referenced from a stack frame on the faulting thread.  Its
+// unwinding behavior is equivalent to any standard function having
+// an ebp frame. It is analogous to the following source file.
+// 
+// extern "C" void PAL_DispatchException(CONTEXT *pContext, EXCEPTION_RECORD *pExceptionRecord, MachExceptionInfo *pMachExceptionInfo);
+// 
+// extern "C" void PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper()
+// {
+//     CONTEXT Context;
+//     EXCEPTION_RECORD ExceptionRecord;
+//     MachExceptionInfo MachExceptionInfo;
+//     PAL_DispatchException(&Context, &ExceptionRecord, &MachExceptionInfo);
+// }
+//
+
+NESTED_ENTRY PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper, _TEXT, NoHandler
+    push_nonvol_reg rbp
+    mov     rbp, rsp
+    set_cfa_register rbp, (2*8)
+    int3
+    call    C_FUNC(PAL_DispatchException)
+LOCAL_LABEL(PAL_DispatchExceptionReturn):
+    int3
+    pop_nonvol_reg rbp
+    ret
+NESTED_END PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/exceptionhelper.S b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/exceptionhelper.S
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b7b34ace41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/exceptionhelper.S
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+.intel_syntax noprefix
+#include "unixasmmacros.inc"
+#include "asmconstants.h"
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// This function creates a stack frame right below the target frame, restores all callee 
+// saved registers from the passed in context, sets the RSP to that frame and sets the 
+// return address to the target frame's RIP.
+// Then it uses the ThrowExceptionHelper to throw the passed in exception from that context.
+// EXTERN_C void ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal(CONTEXT* context, PAL_SEHException* ex);
+LEAF_ENTRY ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
+        // Save the RBP to the stack so that the unwind can work at the instruction after
+        // loading the RBP from the context, but before loading the RSP from the context.
+        push_nonvol_reg rbp
+        mov     r12, [rdi + CONTEXT_R12]
+        mov     r13, [rdi + CONTEXT_R13]
+        mov     r14, [rdi + CONTEXT_R14]
+        mov     r15, [rdi + CONTEXT_R15]
+        mov     rbx, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbx]
+        mov     rbp, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rbp]
+        mov     rsp, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rsp]
+        // The RSP was set to the target frame's value, so the current function's
+        // CFA is now right at the RSP.
+        .cfi_def_cfa_offset 0
+
+        // Indicate that now that we have moved the RSP to the target address, 
+        // the RBP is no longer saved in the current stack frame. 
+        .cfi_restore rbp
+
+        mov     rax, [rdi + CONTEXT_Rip]
+
+        // Store return address to the stack
+        push_register rax
+        // The PAL_SEHException pointer
+        mov     rdi, rsi 
+        jmp     EXTERNAL_C_FUNC(ThrowExceptionHelper)
+LEAF_END ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal, _TEXT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/optimizedtls.cpp b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/optimizedtls.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..910a6eb931
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/optimizedtls.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    optimizedtls.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of platform-specific Thread local storage functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD);
+
+#if defined(USE_OPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER)
+
+#define PAL_safe_offsetof(s,m) ((size_t)((ptrdiff_t)&(char&)(((s *)64)->m))-64)
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    CorUnix::TLSMakeOptimizedGetter
+
+    Creates a platform-optimized version of TlsGetValue compiled
+    for a particular index.
+
+    Generates the hot part of CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread
+    as a chunk of highly optimized machine-specific code at runtime.
+
+    Check the difference between CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread and
+    CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThreadSlow to see the C/C++ code that matches
+    the code generated by this function.
+--*/
+PAL_POPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER
+CorUnix::TLSMakeOptimizedGetter(
+        IN CPalThread* pThread,
+        IN DWORD dwTlsIndex)
+{
+#ifdef BIT64
+#pragma unused(pThread, dwTlsIndex)
+    ERROR("TLSMakeOptimizedGetter not rewritten for amd64 yet.");
+    return NULL;
+#else
+    PAL_POPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER Ret = NULL;
+    BYTE* p;
+    int i = 0;
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#define TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE 118
+#else
+#define TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE 115
+#endif
+
+    p = (BYTE*)InternalMalloc(pThread, TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE * sizeof(BYTE));
+
+    if (p == NULL)
+    {
+        return Ret;
+    }
+
+    // Need to preserve %ecx, %edx, and %esi registers as specified in
+    // GetThreadGeneric(void) in vm/i386/asmhelpers.s
+    p[i++] = 0x51; // push %ecx
+    p[i++] = 0x52; // push %edx
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %esp,%eax // %eax = sp;
+    p[i++] = 0xe0;
+    p[i++] = 0xc1; // shr $0x11,%eax // sp >> 17;
+    p[i++] = 0xe8;
+    p[i++] = 0x11;
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %eax,%edx // key = sp >> 17;
+    p[i++] = 0xc2;
+    p[i++] = 0xc1; // sar $0x7,%edx // key >> 7;
+    p[i++] = 0xfa;
+    p[i++] = 0x07;
+    p[i++] = 0x29; // sub %edx,%eax // key -= key >> 7;
+    p[i++] = 0xd0;
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %eax,%edx
+    p[i++] = 0xc2;
+    p[i++] = 0xc1; // sar $0x5,%edx // key >> 5;
+    p[i++] = 0xfa;
+    p[i++] = 0x05;
+    p[i++] = 0x29; // sub %edx,%eax // key -= key >> 5;
+    p[i++] = 0xd0;
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %eax,%edx
+    p[i++] = 0xc2;
+    p[i++] = 0xc1; // sar $0x3,%edx // key >> 3;
+    p[i++] = 0xfa;
+    p[i++] = 0x03;
+    p[i++] = 0x29; // sub %edx,%eax // key -= key >> 3;
+    p[i++] = 0xd0;
+    p[i++] = 0x25; // and $0xff,%eax // key &= 0xFF;
+    p[i++] = 0xff;
+    p[i++] = 0x00;
+    p[i++] = 0x00;
+    p[i++] = 0x00;
+    p[i++] = 0x8b; // mov (flush_counter),%ecx // %ecx = counter = flush_counter;
+    p[i++] = 0x0d;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)&flush_counter;
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x8b; // mov (thread_hints,%eax,4),%eax // %edx = pThread = thread_hints[key];
+    p[i++] = 0x14;
+    p[i++] = 0x85;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)&thread_hints;
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x39; // cmp %esp,offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,minStack)(%edx)
+                   // if ((size_t)pThread->tlsInfo.minStack <= sp)
+    p[i++] = 0xa2;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)(PAL_safe_offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+PAL_safe_offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,minStack));
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x77; // ja CallInternalGetCurrentThreadSlow:
+    p[i++] = 0x19;
+    p[i++] = 0x3b; // cmp offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,maxStack)(%edx),%esp
+                   // if (sp < (size_t)pThread->tlsInfo.maxStack)
+    p[i++] = 0xa2;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)(PAL_safe_offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+PAL_safe_offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,maxStack));
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x73; // jae CallInternalGetCurrentThreadSlow:
+    p[i++] = 0x11;
+    p[i++] = 0x39; // cmp (flush_counter),%ecx // if (counter == flush_counter)
+    p[i++] = 0x0d;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)&flush_counter;
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x75; // jne CallInternalGetCurrentThreadSlow:
+    p[i++] = 0x09;
+    if (dwTlsIndex != THREAD_OBJECT_TLS_INDEX)
+    {
+        p[i++] = 0x8b; // mov offsetof(pThread->tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex])(%edx),%eax // %eax = pThread->tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex];
+        p[i++] = 0x82;
+        *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)(PAL_safe_offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+PAL_safe_offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex]));
+        i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %edx,%eax // %eax = pThread;
+        p[i++] = 0xd0;
+        p[i++] = 0x90; // nop
+        p[i++] = 0x90; // nop
+        p[i++] = 0x90; // nop
+        p[i++] = 0x90; // nop
+    }
+    p[i++] = 0x5a; // pop %edx
+    p[i++] = 0x59; // pop %ecx
+    p[i++] = 0xc3; // ret
+    // CallInternalGetCurrentThreadSlow:
+    p[i++] = 0x5a; // pop %edx
+    p[i++] = 0x59; // pop %ecx
+    p[i++] = 0x8d; // lea (thread_hints,%eax,4),%eax // %eax = &thread_hints[key];
+    p[i++] = 0x04;
+    p[i++] = 0x85;
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)&thread_hints;
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    p[i++] = 0x55; // push %ebp
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %esp,%ebp
+    p[i++] = 0xe5;
+    p[i++] = 0x51; // push %ecx
+    p[i++] = 0x89; // mov %esp,%ecx // this is the reference esp - need to match the reference esp used in the fast path.
+    p[i++] = 0xe1;
+    p[i++] = 0x52; // push %edx
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    // establish 16-byte stack alignment
+    p[i++] = 0x83; // subl $8,%esp
+    p[i++] = 0xec;
+    p[i++] = 0x08;
+#endif
+    p[i++] = 0x50; // push %eax // store &thread_hints[key] on stack as 2nd argument;
+    p[i++] = 0x51; // push %ecx // reference esp - The 1st argument for call to InternalGetCurrentThreadSlow.
+    p[i++] = 0xe8; // call InternalGetCurrentThreadSlow
+    *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)&InternalGetCurrentThreadSlow - (DWORD)(&p[i+sizeof(DWORD)]);
+    i += sizeof(DWORD);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    p[i++] = 0x83; // addl $16,%esp
+    p[i++] = 0xc4;
+    p[i++] = 0x10;
+#else
+    p[i++] = 0x83; // addl $8,%esp
+    p[i++] = 0xc4;
+    p[i++] = 0x08;
+#endif
+    if (dwTlsIndex != THREAD_OBJECT_TLS_INDEX)
+    {
+        p[i++] = 0x8b; // mov offsetof(pThread->tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex])(%eax),%eax  // %eax = pThread->tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex];
+        p[i++] = 0x80;
+        *((DWORD*) &p[i]) = (DWORD)(PAL_safe_offsetof(CPalThread,tlsInfo)+PAL_safe_offsetof(CThreadTLSInfo,tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex]));
+        i += sizeof(DWORD);
+    }
+    p[i++] = 0x5a; // pop %edx
+    p[i++] = 0x59; // pop %ecx
+    p[i++] = 0xc9; // leave
+    p[i++] = 0xc3; // ret
+
+    if (i > TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE %d\n", i);
+    }
+
+    DBG_FlushInstructionCache(p, TLS_OPTIMIZED_GETTER_SIZE * sizeof(BYTE));
+
+    Ret = (PAL_POPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER)p;
+
+    return Ret;
+#endif // BIT64 else
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    TLSFreeOptimizedGetter
+
+    Frees a function created by MakeOptimizedTlsGetter().
+--*/
+VOID
+CorUnix::TLSFreeOptimizedGetter(
+        IN PAL_POPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER pOptimizedTlsGetter)
+{
+    InternalFree(InternalGetCurrentThread(), (void *)pOptimizedTlsGetter);
+}
+
+#endif // USE_OPTIMIZEDTLSGETTER
diff --git a/src/pal/src/arch/i386/processor.cpp b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/processor.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fd3a4abc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/arch/i386/processor.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    processor.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of processor related functions for the Intel x86/x64
+    platforms. These functions are processor dependent.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+/*++
+Function:
+YieldProcessor
+
+The YieldProcessor function signals to the processor to give resources
+to threads that are waiting for them. This macro is only effective on
+processors that support technology allowing multiple threads running
+on a single processor, such as Intel's Hyper-Threading technology.
+
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+YieldProcessor(
+    VOID)
+{
+    __asm__ __volatile__ (
+        "rep\n"
+        "nop"
+    );
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_dummy b/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_dummy
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1005a3496f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_dummy
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+# The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+# See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+echo mdtool_dummy : not generating any dependencies
diff --git a/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_gcc.in b/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_gcc.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bef95d5cce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/build_tools/mdtool_gcc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+# The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+# See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+#
+#     mdtool_gcc
+#
+#Abstract:
+#  Generates dependencies for a makefile 
+#  (for gcc compilers)
+#
+
+str=`grep -n '#mdtool output goes here>' obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile`
+if [ "$str" = "" ] ; then
+#didn't find our placeholder string : don't change file
+    echo mdtool_gcc : makefile not setup for mdtool : ignoring
+    exit 0
+fi
+
+#truncate makefile to remove old dependencies
+sed /'#mdtool output goes here>'/q obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile > obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.final
+
+echo '#dependencies generated by mdtool_gcc :' >> obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.final
+echo >> obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.final
+# gcc -M generates make-friendly dependencies;
+# -MM ignores system includes (#include <file.h>)
+@CC@ @MDTOOL_CFLAGS@ $@ >> obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.depfromgcc
+#Prepend ../.. to the source's filename
+#with some sed magic, since gcc doesn't do it for us.
+sed 's#: \(.*\)$#: ../../\1#g' obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.depfromgcc > obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.aftersed
+cat obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.aftersed >> obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.final
+
+if [ "$?" = "0" ] ; then
+   echo mdtool_gcc : dependencies generated
+   # replace old makefile by new one.
+   mv -f obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.final obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile
+   rm -f obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.aftersed
+   rm -f obj${BUILD_ALT_DIR}/${_BUILDARCH}/makefile.depfromgcc
+   exit 0
+fi
+exit 1
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/config.h.in b/src/pal/src/config.h.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a53c8cb5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/config.h.in
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#ifndef _PAL_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+#define _PAL_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED 1
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_IEEEFP_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYS_VMPARAM_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACH_VM_TYPES_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACH_VM_PARAM_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACHINE_NPX_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACHINE_REG_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACHINE_VMPARAM_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PROCFS_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYS_LWP_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_LWP_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_LIBUUID_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_BSD_UUID_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_RUNETYPE_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_GNU_LIBNAMES_H
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_KQUEUE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_SUSPEND
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_SUSPEND_NP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_CONTINUE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_RESUME_NP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_CONTINUE_NP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_GET_NP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_GETCPUCLOCKID
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_SIGQUEUE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SIGRETURN
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__THREAD_SYS_SIGRETURN
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COPYSIGN
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_FSYNC
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_FUTIMES
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_UTIMES
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYSCTL
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SYSCONF
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_LOCALTIME_R
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_GMTIME_R
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_TIMEGM
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__SNWPRINTF
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_POLL
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_STATVFS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_THREAD_SELF
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__LWP_SELF
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_VM_READ
+#cmakedefine01 HAS_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+#cmakedefine01 HAS_PTHREAD_MUTEXES
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_TTRACE
+#cmakedefine HAVE_UNW_GET_SAVE_LOC
+#cmakedefine HAVE_UNW_GET_ACCESSORS
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_STAT_TIMESPEC
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_STAT_NSEC
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_TM_GMTOFF
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PT_REGS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_GREGSET_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE___GREGSET_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SIGINFO_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_UCONTEXT_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PTHREAD_RWLOCK_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PRWATCH_T
+#cmakedefine SIZEOF_OFF_T @SIZEOF_OFF_T@
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_INFTIM
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_CHAR_BIT
+#cmakedefine01 USER_H_DEFINES_DEBUG
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__SC_PHYS_PAGES
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__SC_AVPHYS_PAGES
+
+#cmakedefine01 REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+#cmakedefine01 SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+#cmakedefine01 SSCANF_SUPPORT_ll
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_SELECT
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+#cmakedefine01 HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SCHED_GET_PRIORITY
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_WORKING_GETTIMEOFDAY
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_WORKING_CLOCK_GETTIME
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME
+#cmakedefine01 STATVFS64_PROTOTYPE_BROKEN
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+#cmakedefine01 MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION
+#cmakedefine01 ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+#cmakedefine01 PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+#cmakedefine01 SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PROCFS_MAPS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PROCFS_STAT
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_PROCFS_STATUS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_POW
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_VALID_NEGATIVE_INF_POW
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_VALID_POSITIVE_INF_POW
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10
+#cmakedefine01 UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+#cmakedefine01 HAS_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+#cmakedefine01 GETPWUID_R_SETS_ERRNO
+#cmakedefine01 FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+
+#define PAL_THREAD_PRIORITY_MIN 0
+#define PAL_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX 0
+
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE__NSGETENVIRON
+#cmakedefine01 DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+#cmakedefine PAL_PTRACE(cmd, pid, addr, data) @PAL_PTRACE@
+#cmakedefine PAL_PT_ATTACH @PAL_PT_ATTACH@
+#cmakedefine PAL_PT_DETACH @PAL_PT_DETACH@
+#cmakedefine PAL_PT_READ_D @PAL_PT_READ_D@
+#cmakedefine PAL_PT_WRITE_D @PAL_PT_WRITE_D@
+#cmakedefine01 SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+#cmakedefine01 ERROR_FUNC_FOR_GLOB_HAS_FIXED_PARAMS
+#cmakedefine01 HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE
+#cmakedefine01 UNWIND_CONTEXT_IS_UCONTEXT_T
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_FULLY_FEATURED_PTHREAD_MUTEXES
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_FUNCTIONAL_PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEXES
+#cmakedefine BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg, RR, rr) @BSD_REGS_STYLE@
+#cmakedefine01 HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE
+
+#define CHECK_TRACE_SPECIFIERS 0
+#define HAVE_GETHRTIME 0
+#define HAVE_LOWERCASE_ISO_NAME 0
+#define HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME 0
+#define HAVE_UNDERSCORE_ISO_NAME 0
+#define MKSTEMP64_IS_USED_INSTEAD_OF_MKSTEMP 0
+#define NEED_DLCOMPAT 0
+#define OPEN64_IS_USED_INSTEAD_OF_OPEN 0
+#define PAL_IGNORE_NORMAL_THREAD_PRIORITY 0
+#define SELF_SUSPEND_FAILS_WITH_NATIVE_SUSPENSION 0
+#define SET_SCHEDPARAM_NEEDS_PRIVS 0
+#define SIGWAIT_FAILS_WHEN_PASSED_FULL_SIGSET 0
+#define WRITE_0_BYTES_HANGS_TTY 0
+#define HAVE_FTRUNCATE_LARGE_LENGTH_SUPPORT 1
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pal/src/configure.cmake b/src/pal/src/configure.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cc38bc8541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/configure.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,1281 @@
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+include(CheckCXXSourceRuns)
+include(CheckCXXSymbolExists)
+include(CheckFunctionExists)
+include(CheckIncludeFiles)
+include(CheckStructHasMember)
+include(CheckTypeSize)
+include(CheckLibraryExists)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL FreeBSD)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES /usr/local/include)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL SunOS)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES /opt/local/include)
+endif()
+if(NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL FreeBSD AND NOT CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL NetBSD)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_DEFINITIONS "-D_DEFAULT_SOURCE -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L")
+endif()
+
+list(APPEND CMAKE_REQUIRED_DEFINITIONS -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64)
+
+check_include_files(ieeefp.h HAVE_IEEEFP_H)
+check_include_files(sys/vmparam.h HAVE_SYS_VMPARAM_H)
+check_include_files(mach/vm_types.h HAVE_MACH_VM_TYPES_H)
+check_include_files(mach/vm_param.h HAVE_MACH_VM_PARAM_H)
+check_include_files("sys/param.h;sys/types.h;machine/npx.h" HAVE_MACHINE_NPX_H)
+check_include_files("sys/param.h;sys/cdefs.h;machine/reg.h" HAVE_MACHINE_REG_H)
+check_include_files(machine/vmparam.h HAVE_MACHINE_VMPARAM_H)
+check_include_files(procfs.h HAVE_PROCFS_H)
+check_include_files(crt_externs.h HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H)
+check_include_files(sys/time.h HAVE_SYS_TIME_H)
+check_include_files(pthread_np.h HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H)
+check_include_files(sys/lwp.h HAVE_SYS_LWP_H)
+check_include_files(lwp.h HAVE_LWP_H)
+check_include_files(libunwind.h HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H)
+check_include_files(runetype.h HAVE_RUNETYPE_H)
+check_include_files(lttng/tracepoint.h HAVE_LTTNG_TRACEPOINT_H)
+check_include_files(uuid/uuid.h HAVE_LIBUUID_H)
+check_include_files(sys/sysctl.h HAVE_SYS_SYSCTL_H)
+check_include_files(gnu/lib-names.h HAVE_GNU_LIBNAMES_H)
+
+check_function_exists(kqueue HAVE_KQUEUE)
+check_function_exists(getpwuid_r HAVE_GETPWUID_R)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_suspend "" HAVE_PTHREAD_SUSPEND)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_suspend_np "" HAVE_PTHREAD_SUSPEND_NP)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_continue "" HAVE_PTHREAD_CONTINUE)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_continue_np "" HAVE_PTHREAD_CONTINUE_NP)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_resume_np "" HAVE_PTHREAD_RESUME_NP)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_attr_get_np "" HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_GET_NP)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_getattr_np "" HAVE_PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_getcpuclockid "" HAVE_PTHREAD_GETCPUCLOCKID)
+check_library_exists(pthread pthread_sigqueue "" HAVE_PTHREAD_SIGQUEUE)
+check_function_exists(sigreturn HAVE_SIGRETURN)
+check_function_exists(_thread_sys_sigreturn HAVE__THREAD_SYS_SIGRETURN)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_function_exists(copysign HAVE_COPYSIGN)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_function_exists(fsync HAVE_FSYNC)
+check_function_exists(futimes HAVE_FUTIMES)
+check_function_exists(utimes HAVE_UTIMES)
+check_function_exists(sysctl HAVE_SYSCTL)
+check_function_exists(sysconf HAVE_SYSCONF)
+check_function_exists(localtime_r HAVE_LOCALTIME_R)
+check_function_exists(gmtime_r HAVE_GMTIME_R)
+check_function_exists(timegm HAVE_TIMEGM)
+check_function_exists(_snwprintf HAVE__SNWPRINTF)
+check_function_exists(poll HAVE_POLL)
+check_function_exists(statvfs HAVE_STATVFS)
+check_function_exists(thread_self HAVE_THREAD_SELF)
+check_function_exists(_lwp_self HAVE__LWP_SELF)
+check_function_exists(pthread_mach_thread_np HAVE_MACH_THREADS)
+check_function_exists(thread_set_exception_ports HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS)
+check_function_exists(vm_allocate HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE)
+check_function_exists(vm_read HAVE_VM_READ)
+check_function_exists(directio HAVE_DIRECTIO)
+check_function_exists(semget HAS_SYSV_SEMAPHORES)
+check_function_exists(pthread_mutex_init HAS_PTHREAD_MUTEXES)
+check_function_exists(ttrace HAVE_TTRACE)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES unwind unwind-generic)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+#include <libunwind.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  unw_cursor_t cursor;
+  unw_save_loc_t saveLoc;
+  int reg = UNW_REG_IP;
+  unw_get_save_loc(&cursor, reg, &saveLoc);
+
+  return 0;
+}" HAVE_UNW_GET_SAVE_LOC)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+#include <libunwind.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  unw_addr_space_t as;
+  unw_get_accessors(as);
+
+  return 0;
+}" HAVE_UNW_GET_ACCESSORS)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+
+check_struct_has_member ("struct stat" st_atimespec "sys/types.h;sys/stat.h" HAVE_STAT_TIMESPEC)
+check_struct_has_member ("struct stat" st_atimensec "sys/types.h;sys/stat.h" HAVE_STAT_NSEC)
+check_struct_has_member ("struct tm" tm_gmtoff time.h HAVE_TM_GMTOFF)
+check_struct_has_member ("ucontext_t" uc_mcontext.gregs[0] ucontext.h HAVE_GREGSET_T)
+check_struct_has_member ("ucontext_t" uc_mcontext.__gregs[0] ucontext.h HAVE___GREGSET_T)
+
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES machine/reg.h)
+check_type_size("struct reg" BSD_REGS_T)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES asm/ptrace.h)
+check_type_size("struct pt_regs" PT_REGS)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES signal.h)
+check_type_size(siginfo_t SIGINFO_T)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES ucontext.h)
+check_type_size(ucontext_t UCONTEXT_T)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES pthread.h)
+check_type_size(pthread_rwlock_t PTHREAD_RWLOCK_T)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILES)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILE procfs.h)
+check_type_size(prwatch_t PRWATCH_T)
+set(CMAKE_EXTRA_INCLUDE_FILE)
+check_type_size(off_t SIZEOF_OFF_T)
+
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(SYS_yield sys/syscall.h HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(INFTIM poll.h HAVE_INFTIM)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(CHAR_BIT limits.h HAVE_CHAR_BIT)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(_DEBUG sys/user.h USER_H_DEFINES_DEBUG)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(_SC_PHYS_PAGES unistd.h HAVE__SC_PHYS_PAGES)
+check_cxx_symbol_exists(_SC_AVPHYS_PAGES unistd.h HAVE__SC_AVPHYS_PAGES)
+
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <uuid.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  uuid_t uuid;
+  uint32_t status;
+  uuid_create(&uuid, &status);
+  return 0;
+}" HAVE_BSD_UUID_H)
+
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  char *path;
+#ifdef PATH_MAX
+  char resolvedPath[PATH_MAX];
+#elif defined(MAXPATHLEN)
+  char resolvedPath[MAXPATHLEN];
+#else
+  char resolvedPath[1024];
+#endif
+  path = realpath(\"a_nonexistent_file\", resolvedPath);
+  if (path == NULL) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+int main(void)
+{
+  long long n = 0;
+  sscanf(\"5000000000\", \"%qu\", &n);
+  exit (n != 5000000000);
+  }" SSCANF_SUPPORT_ll)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  float f = 0;
+  char * strin = \"12.34e\";
+
+  ret = sscanf (strin, \"%e\", &f);
+  if (ret <= 0)
+    exit (0);
+  exit(1);
+}" SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  char buf[256] = { 0 };
+  snprintf(buf, 0x7fffffff, \"%#x\", 0x12345678);
+  if (buf[0] == 0x0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+    int fd, numFDs;
+    fd_set readFDs, writeFDs, exceptFDs;
+    struct timeval time = { 0 };
+    char * filename = NULL;
+
+    filename = (char *)malloc(L_tmpnam * sizeof(char)); /* ok to leak this at exit */
+    if (NULL == filename) {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /* On some platforms (e.g. HP-UX) the multithreading c-runtime does not
+       support the tmpnam(NULL) semantics, and it returns NULL. Therefore
+       we need to use the tmpnam(pbuffer) version.
+    */
+    if (NULL == tmpnam(filename)) {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    if (mkfifo(filename, S_IRWXU) != 0) {
+      if (unlink(filename) != 0) {
+        exit(0);
+      }
+      if (mkfifo(filename, S_IRWXU) != 0) {
+        exit(0);
+      }
+    }
+    fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+    if (fd == -1) {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+
+    FD_ZERO(&readFDs);
+    FD_ZERO(&writeFDs);
+    FD_ZERO(&exceptFDs);
+    FD_SET(fd, &readFDs);
+    numFDs = select(fd + 1, &readFDs, &writeFDs, &exceptFDs, &time);
+
+    close(fd);
+    unlink(filename);
+
+    /* numFDs is zero if select() works correctly */
+    exit(numFD==0);
+}" HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_SELECT)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/event.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  int ikq;
+  int iRet;
+  int fd;
+  struct kevent ke, keChangeList;
+  struct timespec ts = { 0, 0 };
+
+  char * filename = NULL;
+
+  filename = (char *)malloc(L_tmpnam * sizeof(char)); /* ok to leak this at exit */
+  if (NULL == filename)
+  {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  /* On some platforms (e.g. HP-UX) the multithreading c-runtime does not
+     support the tmpnam(NULL) semantics, and it returns NULL. Therefore
+     we need to use the tmpnam(pbuffer) version.
+  */
+  if (NULL == tmpnam(filename)) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  if (mkfifo(filename, S_IRWXU) != 0) {
+    if (unlink(filename) != 0) {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+    if (mkfifo(filename, S_IRWXU) != 0) {
+      exit(0);
+    }
+  }
+  fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+
+  EV_SET(&keChangeList, fd, EVFILT_READ, EV_ADD | EV_CLEAR, 0, 0, NULL);
+  ikq = kqueue();
+  iRet = kevent(ikq, &keChangeList, 1, &ke, 1, &ts);
+
+  close(fd);
+  unlink(filename);
+
+  /* iRet is zero is kevent() works correctly */
+  return(iRet==0);
+}" HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  int policy;
+  struct sched_param schedParam;
+  int max_priority;
+  int min_priority;
+
+  if (0 != pthread_getschedparam(pthread_self(), &policy, &schedParam))
+  {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  max_priority = sched_get_priority_max(policy);
+  min_priority = sched_get_priority_min(policy);
+
+  exit(-1 == max_priority || -1 == min_priority);
+}" HAVE_SCHED_GET_PRIORITY)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  if (sched_getcpu() >= 0)
+  {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  exit(1);
+}" HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct timeval tv;
+  ret = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_WORKING_GETTIMEOFDAY)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct timespec ts;
+  ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_WORKING_CLOCK_GETTIME)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct timespec ts;
+  ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts);
+
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct timespec ts;
+  ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE, &ts);
+
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <mach/mach_time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  mach_timebase_info_data_t timebaseInfo;
+  ret = mach_timebase_info(&timebaseInfo);
+  mach_absolute_time();
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  int ret;
+  struct timespec ts;
+  ret = clock_gettime(CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME_ID, &ts);
+
+  exit(ret);
+}" HAVE_CLOCK_THREAD_CPUTIME)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int devzero;
+  void *retval;
+
+  devzero = open(\"/dev/zero\", O_RDWR);
+  if (-1 == devzero) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  retval = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, devzero, 0);
+  if (retval == (void *)-1) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#ifndef MAP_ANON
+#define MAP_ANON MAP_ANONYMOUS
+#endif
+
+void *handle_signal(int signal) {
+  /* If we reach this, we've crashed due to mmap honoring
+  PROT_NONE. */
+  _exit(1);
+}
+
+int main(void) {
+  int *ptr;
+  struct sigaction action;
+
+  ptr = (int *) mmap(NULL, getpagesize(), PROT_NONE,
+                     MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+  if (ptr == (int *) MAP_FAILED) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  action.sa_handler = &handle_signal;
+  action.sa_flags = 0;
+  sigemptyset(&action.sa_mask);
+  if (sigaction(SIGBUS, &action, NULL) != 0) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &action, NULL) != 0) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  /* This will drop us into the signal handler if PROT_NONE
+     is honored. */
+  *ptr = 123;
+  exit(0);
+}" MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#define MEM_SIZE 1024
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char * fname;
+  int fd;
+  int ret;
+  void * pAddr0, * pAddr1;
+
+  fname = (char *)malloc(MEM_SIZE);
+  if (!fname)
+    exit(1);
+  strcpy(fname, \"/tmp/name/multiplemaptestXXXXXX\");
+
+  fd = mkstemp(fname);
+  if (fd < 0)
+    exit(1);
+
+  ret = write (fd, (void *)fname, MEM_SIZE);
+  if (ret < 0)
+    exit(1);
+
+  pAddr0 = mmap(0, MEM_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+  pAddr1 = mmap(0, MEM_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
+
+  /* In theory we should look for (pAddr1 == MAP_FAILED) && (pAddr1 != MAP_FAILED)
+   but in case the first test also failed, i.e. we failed to run the test,
+   let's assume that the system might not allow multiple shared mapping of the
+   same file region in the same process. The code enabled in this case is
+   only a fall-back code path. In case the double mmap actually works, virtually
+   nothing will change and the normal code path will be executed */
+  if (pAddr1 == MAP_FAILED)
+    ret = 1;
+  else
+    ret = 0;
+
+  if (pAddr0)
+    munmap (pAddr0, MEM_SIZE);
+  if (pAddr1)
+    munmap (pAddr1, MEM_SIZE);
+  close(fd);
+  unlink(fname);
+  free(fname);
+
+  exit(ret != 1);
+}" ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+void *start_routine(void *param) { return NULL; }
+
+int main() {
+  int result;
+  pthread_t tid;
+
+  errno = 0;
+  result = pthread_create(&tid, NULL, start_routine, NULL);
+  if (result != 0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (errno != 0) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  exit(1);
+}" PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main() {
+  int result;
+  sem_t sema;
+
+  errno = 50;
+  result = sem_init(&sema, 0, 0);
+  if (result != 0)
+  {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (errno != 50)
+  {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  exit(1);
+}" SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int fd;
+#ifdef PATH_MAX
+  char path[PATH_MAX];
+#elif defined(MAXPATHLEN)
+  char path[MAXPATHLEN];
+#else
+  char path[1024];
+#endif
+
+  sprintf(path, \"/proc/%u/ctl\", getpid());
+  fd = open(path, O_WRONLY);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_PROCFS_CTL)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int fd;
+#ifdef PATH_MAX
+  char path[PATH_MAX];
+#elif defined(MAXPATHLEN)
+  char path[MAXPATHLEN];
+#else
+  char path[1024];
+#endif
+
+  sprintf(path, \"/proc/%u/maps\", getpid());
+  fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_PROCFS_MAPS)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int fd;
+#ifdef PATH_MAX
+  char path[PATH_MAX];
+#elif defined(MAXPATHLEN)
+  char path[MAXPATHLEN];
+#else
+  char path[1024];
+#endif
+
+  sprintf(path, \"/proc/%u/stat\", getpid());
+  fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_PROCFS_STAT)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  int fd;
+#ifdef PATH_MAX
+  char path[PATH_MAX];
+#elif defined(MAXPATHLEN)
+  char path[MAXPATHLEN];
+#else
+  char path[1024];
+#endif
+
+  sprintf(path, \"/proc/%u/status\", getpid());
+  fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+  if (fd == -1) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_PROCFS_STATUS)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  if (!isnan(acos(10))) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  if (!isnan(asin(10))) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  double infinity = 1.0 / 0.0;
+  if (pow(1.0, infinity) != 1.0 || pow(1.0, -infinity) != 1.0) {
+    exit(1)
+  }
+  if (!isnan(pow(-1.0, infinity)) || !isnan(pow(-1.0, -infinity))) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(0.0, infinity) != 0.0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(0.0, -infinity) != infinity) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(-1.1, infinity) != infinity || pow(1.1, infinity) != infinity) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(-1.1, -infinity) != 0.0 || pow(1.1, infinity) != 0.0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(-0.0, -1) != -infinity) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  if (pow(0.0, -1) != infinity) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_POW)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+  double result;
+
+  result = pow(-3.2e-10, -5e14 + 1);
+  if (result != -1.0 / 0.0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_VALID_NEGATIVE_INF_POW)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv) {
+    double result;
+
+    result = pow(-3.5, 3e100);
+    if (result != 1.0 / 0.0) {
+        exit(1);
+    }
+    exit(0);
+}" HAVE_VALID_POSITIVE_INF_POW)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  double pi = 3.14159265358979323846;
+  double result;
+
+  result = atan2(0.0, -0.0);
+  if (fabs(pi - result) > 0.0000001) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  result = atan2(-0.0, -0.0);
+  if (fabs(-pi - result) > 0.0000001) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  result = atan2 (-0.0, 0.0);
+  if (result != 0.0 || copysign (1.0, result) > 0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  result = atan2 (0.0, 0.0);
+  if (result != 0.0 || copysign (1.0, result) < 0) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+
+  exit (0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  double d = exp(1.0), e = M_E;
+
+  /* Used memcmp rather than == to test that the doubles are equal to
+   prevent gcc's optimizer from using its 80 bit internal long
+   doubles. If you use ==, then on BSD you get a false negative since
+   exp(1.0) == M_E to 64 bits, but not 80.
+  */
+
+  if (memcmp (&d, &e, sizeof (double)) == 0) {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  exit(1);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  if (!isnan(log(-10000))) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES m)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void) {
+  if (!isnan(log10(-10000))) {
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  char* szFileName;
+  FILE* pFile = NULL;
+  int ret = 1;
+
+  szFileName = tempnam(\".\", \"tmp\");
+
+  /* open the file write-only */
+  pFile = fopen(szFileName, \"a\");
+  if (pFile == NULL)
+  {
+    exit(0);
+  }
+  if (ungetc('A', pFile) != EOF)
+  {
+    ret = 0;
+  }
+  unlink(szFileName);
+  exit(ret);
+}" UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+
+int main() {
+  sem_t sema;
+  if (sem_init(&sema, 0, 0) == -1){
+    exit(1);
+  }
+  exit(0);
+}" HAS_POSIX_SEMAPHORES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main(void)
+{
+  struct passwd sPasswd;
+  struct passwd *pPasswd;
+  char buf[1];
+  int bufLen = sizeof(buf)/sizeof(buf[0]);
+  int euid = geteuid();
+  int ret = 0;
+
+  errno = 0; // clear errno
+  ret = getpwuid_r(euid, &sPasswd, buf, bufLen, &pPasswd);
+  if (0 != ret)
+  {
+    if (ERANGE == errno)
+    {
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 1; // assume errno is NOT set for all other cases
+}" GETPWUID_R_SETS_ERRNO)
+check_cxx_source_runs("
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+  FILE *fp = NULL;
+  char *fileName = \"/dev/zero\";
+  char buf[10];
+
+  /*
+   * Open the file in append mode and try to read some text.
+   * And, make sure ferror() is set.
+   */
+  fp = fopen (fileName, \"a\");
+  if ( (NULL == fp) ||
+       (fread (buf, sizeof(buf), 1, fp) > 0) ||
+       (!ferror(fp))
+     )
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /*
+   * Now that ferror() is set, try to close the file.
+   * If we get an error, we can conclude that this
+   * fgets() depended on the previous ferror().
+   */
+  if ( fclose(fp) != 0 )
+  {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  return 1;
+}" FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_DEFINITIONS)
+
+set(SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING 1)
+set(ERROR_FUNC_FOR_GLOB_HAS_FIXED_PARAMS 1)
+
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+#include <libunwind.h>
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+        unw_context_t libUnwindContext;
+        ucontext_t uContext;
+
+        libUnwindContext = uContext;
+        return 0;
+}" UNWIND_CONTEXT_IS_UCONTEXT_T)
+
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+int main()
+{
+    pthread_mutexattr_t mutexAttributes;
+    pthread_mutexattr_init(&mutexAttributes);
+    pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
+    pthread_mutexattr_settype(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+    pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
+
+    pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+    pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, &mutexAttributes);
+
+    pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&mutexAttributes);
+
+    struct timespec timeoutTime;
+    timeoutTime.tv_sec = 1; // not the right way to specify absolute time, but just checking availability of timed lock
+    timeoutTime.tv_nsec = 0;
+    pthread_mutex_timedlock(&mutex, &timeoutTime);
+    pthread_mutex_consistent(&mutex);
+
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
+
+    int error = EOWNERDEAD;
+    error = ENOTRECOVERABLE;
+    error = ETIMEDOUT;
+    error = 0;
+    return error;
+}" HAVE_FULLY_FEATURED_PTHREAD_MUTEXES)
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+
+if(NOT CLR_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM AND NOT CLR_CMAKE_PLATFORM_ARCH_ARM64)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES pthread)
+  check_cxx_source_runs("
+  // This test case verifies the pthread process-shared robust mutex's cross-process abandon detection. The parent process starts
+  // a child process that locks the mutex, the process process then waits to acquire the lock, and the child process abandons the
+  // mutex by exiting the process while holding the lock. The parent process should then be released from its wait, be assigned
+  // ownership of the lock, and be notified that the mutex was abandoned.
+  
+  #include <sys/mman.h>
+  #include <sys/time.h>
+  
+  #include <errno.h>
+  #include <pthread.h>
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  #include <unistd.h>
+  
+  #include <new>
+  using namespace std;
+  
+  struct Shm
+  {
+      pthread_mutex_t syncMutex;
+      pthread_cond_t syncCondition;
+      pthread_mutex_t robustMutex;
+      int conditionValue;
+  
+      Shm() : conditionValue(0)
+      {
+      }
+  } *shm;
+  
+  int GetFailTimeoutTime(struct timespec *timeoutTimeRef)
+  {
+      int getTimeResult = clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, timeoutTimeRef);
+      if (getTimeResult != 0)
+      {
+          struct timeval tv;
+          getTimeResult = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+          if (getTimeResult != 0)
+              return 1;
+          timeoutTimeRef->tv_sec = tv.tv_sec;
+          timeoutTimeRef->tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * 1000;
+      }
+      timeoutTimeRef->tv_sec += 30;
+      return 0;
+  }
+  
+  int WaitForConditionValue(int desiredConditionValue)
+  {
+      struct timespec timeoutTime;
+      if (GetFailTimeoutTime(&timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_timedlock(&shm->syncMutex, &timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      if (shm->conditionValue != desiredConditionValue)
+      {
+          if (GetFailTimeoutTime(&timeoutTime) != 0)
+              return 1;
+          if (pthread_cond_timedwait(&shm->syncCondition, &shm->syncMutex, &timeoutTime) != 0)
+              return 1;
+          if (shm->conditionValue != desiredConditionValue)
+              return 1;
+      }
+  
+      if (pthread_mutex_unlock(&shm->syncMutex) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      return 0;
+  }
+  
+  int SetConditionValue(int newConditionValue)
+  {
+      struct timespec timeoutTime;
+      if (GetFailTimeoutTime(&timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_timedlock(&shm->syncMutex, &timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      shm->conditionValue = newConditionValue;
+      if (pthread_cond_signal(&shm->syncCondition) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      if (pthread_mutex_unlock(&shm->syncMutex) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      return 0;
+  }
+  
+  void DoTest_Child();
+  
+  int DoTest()
+  {
+      // Map some shared memory
+      void *shmBuffer = mmap(NULL, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_SHARED, -1, 0);
+      if (shmBuffer == MAP_FAILED)
+          return 1;
+      shm = new(shmBuffer) Shm;
+  
+      // Create sync mutex
+      pthread_mutexattr_t syncMutexAttributes;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_init(&syncMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&syncMutexAttributes, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_init(&shm->syncMutex, &syncMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&syncMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      // Create sync condition
+      pthread_condattr_t syncConditionAttributes;
+      if (pthread_condattr_init(&syncConditionAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_condattr_setpshared(&syncConditionAttributes, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_cond_init(&shm->syncCondition, &syncConditionAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_condattr_destroy(&syncConditionAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      // Create the robust mutex that will be tested
+      pthread_mutexattr_t robustMutexAttributes;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_init(&robustMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&robustMutexAttributes, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&robustMutexAttributes, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_init(&shm->robustMutex, &robustMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutexattr_destroy(&robustMutexAttributes) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      // Start child test process
+      int error = fork();
+      if (error == -1)
+          return 1;
+      if (error == 0)
+      {
+          DoTest_Child();
+          return -1;
+      }
+  
+      // Wait for child to take a lock
+      WaitForConditionValue(1);
+  
+      // Wait to try to take a lock. Meanwhile, child abandons the robust mutex.
+      struct timespec timeoutTime;
+      if (GetFailTimeoutTime(&timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      error = pthread_mutex_timedlock(&shm->robustMutex, &timeoutTime);
+      if (error != EOWNERDEAD) // expect to be notified that the robust mutex was abandoned
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_consistent(&shm->robustMutex) != 0)
+          return 1;
+  
+      if (pthread_mutex_unlock(&shm->robustMutex) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      if (pthread_mutex_destroy(&shm->robustMutex) != 0)
+          return 1;
+      return 0;
+  }
+  
+  void DoTest_Child()
+  {
+      // Lock the robust mutex
+      struct timespec timeoutTime;
+      if (GetFailTimeoutTime(&timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return;
+      if (pthread_mutex_timedlock(&shm->robustMutex, &timeoutTime) != 0)
+          return;
+  
+      // Notify parent that robust mutex is locked
+      if (SetConditionValue(1) != 0)
+          return;
+  
+      // Wait a short period to let the parent block on waiting for a lock
+      sleep(1);
+  
+      // Abandon the mutex by exiting the process while holding the lock. Parent's wait should be released by EOWNERDEAD.
+  }
+  
+  int main()
+  {
+      int result = DoTest();
+      return result >= 0 ? result : 0;
+  }" HAVE_FUNCTIONAL_PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEXES)
+  set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_LIBRARIES)
+endif()
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUUID_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUUID_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libuuid. Try installing uuid-dev or the appropriate packages for your platform")
+  endif()
+  set(HAVE_COREFOUNDATION 1)
+  set(HAVE__NSGETENVIRON 1)
+  set(DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 1)
+  set(PAL_PTRACE "ptrace((cmd), (pid), (caddr_t)(addr), (data))")
+  set(PAL_PT_ATTACH PT_ATTACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_DETACH PT_DETACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_READ_D PT_READ_D)
+  set(PAL_PT_WRITE_D PT_WRITE_D)
+  set(HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE 1)
+  set(HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE 1)
+
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL FreeBSD)
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libunwind. Try installing libunwind8 and libunwind8-dev (or the appropriate packages for your platform)")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT HAVE_BSD_UUID_H)
+    unset(HAVE_BSD_UUID_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find uuid.h")
+  endif()
+  set(DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 0)
+  set(PAL_PTRACE "ptrace((cmd), (pid), (caddr_t)(addr), (data))")
+  set(PAL_PT_ATTACH PT_ATTACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_DETACH PT_DETACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_READ_D PT_READ_D)
+  set(PAL_PT_WRITE_D PT_WRITE_D)
+  set(HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE 0)
+  set(BSD_REGS_STYLE "((reg).r_##rr)")
+  set(HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE 1)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL NetBSD)
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libunwind. Try installing libunwind8 and libunwind8-dev (or the appropriate packages for your platform)")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT HAVE_BSD_UUID_H)
+    unset(HAVE_BSD_UUID_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find uuid.h")
+  endif()
+  set(DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 0)
+  set(PAL_PTRACE "ptrace((cmd), (pid), (void*)(addr), (data))")
+  set(PAL_PT_ATTACH PT_ATTACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_DETACH PT_DETACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_READ_D PT_READ_D)
+  set(PAL_PT_WRITE_D PT_WRITE_D)
+  set(HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE 0)
+  set(BSD_REGS_STYLE "((reg).regs[_REG_##RR])")
+  set(HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE 0)
+
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL SunOS)
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libunwind. Try installing libunwind8 and libunwind8-dev (or the appropriate packages for your platform)")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUUID_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUUID_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libuuid. Try installing uuid-dev or the appropriate packages for your platform")
+  endif()
+  set(DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 0)
+  set(PAL_PTRACE "ptrace((cmd), (pid), (caddr_t)(addr), (data))")
+  set(PAL_PT_ATTACH PT_ATTACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_DETACH PT_DETACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_READ_D PT_READ_D)
+  set(PAL_PT_WRITE_D PT_WRITE_D)
+  set(HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE 0)
+else() # Anything else is Linux
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libunwind. Try installing libunwind8 and libunwind8-dev (or the appropriate packages for your platform)")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT HAVE_LTTNG_TRACEPOINT_H AND FEATURE_EVENT_TRACE)
+    unset(HAVE_LTTNG_TRACEPOINT_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find liblttng-ust-dev. Try installing liblttng-ust-dev  (or the appropriate packages for your platform)")
+  endif()
+  if(NOT HAVE_LIBUUID_H)
+    unset(HAVE_LIBUUID_H CACHE)
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot find libuuid. Try installing uuid-dev or the appropriate packages for your platform")
+  endif()
+  set(DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 0)
+  set(PAL_PTRACE "ptrace((cmd), (pid), (void*)(addr), (data))")
+  set(PAL_PT_ATTACH PTRACE_ATTACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_DETACH PTRACE_DETACH)
+  set(PAL_PT_READ_D PTRACE_PEEKDATA)
+  set(PAL_PT_WRITE_D PTRACE_POKEDATA)
+  set(HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE 0)
+  set(HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE 1)
+endif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL Darwin)
+
+configure_file(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h)
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/file.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/file.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5fe2b671f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/file.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,954 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    file.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the file functions in the C runtime library that
+    are Windows specific.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadsusp.hpp"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    #define CLEARERR(f) clearerr((f)->bsdFilePtr)
+#else
+    #define CLEARERR(f)
+#endif
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/* Global variables storing the std streams.*/
+PAL_FILE PAL_Stdout;
+PAL_FILE PAL_Stdin; 
+PAL_FILE PAL_Stderr;
+
+/*++
+
+Function:
+
+    CRTInitStdStreams.
+
+    Initilizes the standard streams.
+    Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
+--*/
+BOOL CRTInitStdStreams()
+{
+    /* stdout */
+    PAL_Stdout.bsdFilePtr = stdout;
+    PAL_Stdout.PALferrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+    PAL_Stdout.bTextMode = TRUE;
+
+    /* stdin */
+    PAL_Stdin.bsdFilePtr = stdin;
+    PAL_Stdin.PALferrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+    PAL_Stdin.bTextMode = TRUE;
+
+    /* stderr */
+    PAL_Stderr.bsdFilePtr = stderr;
+    PAL_Stderr.PALferrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+    PAL_Stderr.bTextMode = TRUE;
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    MapFileOpenModes
+
+    Maps Windows file open modes to Unix fopen modes and validates.
+
+--*/
+static LPSTR MapFileOpenModes(LPSTR str , BOOL * bTextMode)
+{
+    LPSTR retval = NULL;
+    LPSTR temp = NULL;
+
+    if (NULL == bTextMode)
+    {
+        ASSERT("MapFileOpenModes called with a NULL parameter for bTextMode.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    *bTextMode = TRUE;
+
+    if (NULL == str)
+    {
+        ASSERT("MapFileOpenModes called with a NULL parameter for str.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* The PAL behaves differently for some Windows file open modes:
+    
+    c, n, S, R, and T: these are all hints to the system that aren't supported
+    by the PAL. Since the user cannot depend on this behavior, it's safe to
+    simply ignore these modes.
+
+    D: specifies a file as temporary. This file is expected to be deleted when
+    the last file descriptor is closed. The PAL does not support this behavior
+    and asserts when this mode is used.
+    
+    t: represents opening in text mode. Calls to fdopen on Unix don't accept
+    't' so it is silently stripped out. However, the PAL supports the mode by 
+    having the PAL wrappers do the translation of CR-LF to LF and vice versa. 
+    
+    t vs. b: To get binary mode, you must explicitly use 'b'. If neither mode
+    is specified on Windows, the default mode is defined by the global 
+    variable _fmode. The PAL simply defaults to text mode. After examining 
+    CLR usage patterns, the PAL behavior seems acceptable. */
+
+    /* Check if the mode specifies deleting the temporary file
+    automatically when the last file descriptor is closed.
+    The PAL does not support this behavior. */
+    if (NULL != strchr(str,'D'))
+    {
+        ASSERT("The PAL doesn't support the 'D' flag for _fdopen and fopen.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* Check if the mode specifies opening in binary.
+    If so, set the bTextMode to false. */
+    if(NULL != strchr(str,'b'))
+    {
+        *bTextMode = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    retval = (LPSTR)PAL_malloc( ( strlen( str ) + 1 ) * sizeof( CHAR ) );
+    if (NULL == retval)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate memory.\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    temp = retval;
+    while ( *str )
+    {
+        if ( *str == 'r' || *str == 'w' || *str == 'a' )
+        {
+            *temp = *str;
+            temp++;
+            if ( ( ++str != NULL ) && *str == '+' )
+            {
+                *temp = *str;
+                temp++;
+                str++;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            str++;
+        }
+    }
+    *temp = '\0';
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#if UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    WriteOnlyMode
+
+    Returns TRUE to if a file is opened in write-only mode,
+    Otherwise FALSE.
+
+--*/
+static BOOL WriteOnlyMode(FILE* pFile)
+{
+    INT fd, flags;
+
+    if (pFile != NULL)
+    {
+        fd = fileno(pFile);
+        if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL)) >= 0)
+        {
+            if ((flags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY)
+            {
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+#endif //UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _getw
+
+Gets an integer from a stream.
+
+Return Value
+
+_getw returns the integer value read. A return value of EOF indicates
+either an error or end of file. However, because the EOF value is also
+a legitimate integer value, use feof or ferror to verify an
+end-of-file or error condition.
+
+Parameter
+
+file  Pointer to FILE structure
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_getw(PAL_FILE *f)
+{
+    INT ret = 0;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(_getw);
+    ENTRY("_getw (f=%p)\n", f);
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+    
+    ret = getw( f->bsdFilePtr );
+    LOGEXIT( "returning %d\n", ret );
+    PERF_EXIT(_getw);
+    
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _fdopen
+
+see MSDN
+
+--*/
+PAL_FILE *
+__cdecl
+_fdopen(
+    int handle,
+    const char *mode)
+{
+    PAL_FILE *f = NULL;
+    LPSTR supported = NULL;
+    BOOL bTextMode = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_fdopen);
+    ENTRY("_fdopen (handle=%d mode=%p (%s))\n", handle, mode, mode);
+
+    _ASSERTE(mode != NULL);
+
+    f = (PAL_FILE*)PAL_malloc( sizeof( PAL_FILE ) );
+    if ( f )
+    {
+        supported = MapFileOpenModes( (char*)mode , &bTextMode);
+        if ( !supported )
+        {
+            PAL_free(f);
+            f = NULL;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+        f->bsdFilePtr = (FILE *)fdopen( handle, supported );
+        f->PALferrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+        /* Make sure fdopen did not fail. */
+        if ( !f->bsdFilePtr )
+        {
+            PAL_free( f );
+            f = NULL;
+        }
+
+        PAL_free( supported );
+        supported = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory for the PAL_FILE wrapper!\n" );
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+    LOGEXIT( "_fdopen returns FILE* %p\n", f );
+    PERF_EXIT(_fdopen);
+    return f;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+
+Function :
+    fopen
+
+see MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+PAL_FILE *
+__cdecl
+PAL_fopen(const char * fileName, const char * mode)
+{
+    PAL_FILE *f = NULL;
+    LPSTR supported = NULL;
+    LPSTR UnixFileName = NULL;
+    struct stat stat_data;
+    BOOL bTextMode = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fopen);
+    ENTRY("fopen ( fileName=%p (%s) mode=%p (%s))\n", fileName, fileName, mode , mode );
+
+    _ASSERTE(fileName != NULL);
+    _ASSERTE(mode != NULL);
+
+    if ( *mode == 'r' || *mode == 'w' || *mode == 'a' )
+    {
+        supported = MapFileOpenModes( (char*)mode,&bTextMode);
+
+        if ( !supported )
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        UnixFileName = PAL__strdup(fileName);
+        if (UnixFileName == NULL )
+        {
+            ERROR("PAL__strdup() failed\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        
+        FILEDosToUnixPathA( UnixFileName );
+
+        /*I am not checking for the case where stat fails
+         *as fopen will handle the error more gracefully in case
+         *UnixFileName is invalid*/
+        if ((stat(UnixFileName, &stat_data) == 0 ) &&
+            ((stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR))
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        f = (PAL_FILE*)PAL_malloc( sizeof( PAL_FILE ) );
+        if ( f )
+        {
+            f->bsdFilePtr =  (FILE*)fopen( UnixFileName, supported );
+            f->PALferrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+            f->bTextMode = bTextMode;
+            if ( !f->bsdFilePtr )
+            {
+                /* Failed */
+                PAL_free( f );
+                f = NULL;
+            }
+#if UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+            else
+            {
+                f->bWriteOnlyMode = WriteOnlyMode(f->bsdFilePtr);
+            }
+#endif //UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory to the PAL_FILE wrapper\n" );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "The mode flags must start with either an a, w, or r.\n" );
+    }
+
+done:
+    PAL_free( supported );
+    supported = NULL;
+    PAL_free( UnixFileName );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fopen returns FILE* %p\n", f );
+    PERF_EXIT(fopen);
+    return f;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wfopen
+
+see MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+PAL_FILE *
+__cdecl
+_wfopen(
+    const wchar_16 *fileName,
+    const wchar_16 *mode)
+{
+    CHAR mbFileName[ _MAX_PATH ];
+    CHAR mbMode[ 10 ];
+    PAL_FILE * filePtr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wfopen);
+    ENTRY("_wfopen(fileName:%p (%S), mode:%p (%S))\n", fileName, fileName, mode, mode);
+
+    _ASSERTE(fileName != NULL);
+    _ASSERTE(mode != NULL);
+
+    /* Convert the parameters to ASCII and defer to PAL_fopen */
+    if ( WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, fileName, -1, mbFileName,
+                              sizeof mbFileName, NULL, NULL ) != 0 )
+    {
+        if ( WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, mode, -1, mbMode,
+                                  sizeof mbMode, NULL, NULL ) != 0 )
+        {
+            filePtr = PAL_fopen(mbFileName, mbMode);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR( "An error occurred while converting mode to ANSI.\n" );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "An error occurred while converting"
+               " fileName to ANSI string.\n" );
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("_wfopen returning FILE* %p\n", filePtr);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wfopen);
+    return filePtr;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+_wfsopen
+
+see MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+PAL_FILE *
+__cdecl
+_wfsopen(
+    const wchar_16 *fileName,
+    const wchar_16 *mode,
+    int shflag)
+{
+    // UNIXTODO: Implement this.
+    ERROR("Needs Implementation!!!");
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _putw
+
+Writes an integer to a stream.
+
+Return Value
+
+_putw returns the value written. A return value of EOF may indicate an
+error. Because EOF is also a legitimate integer value, use ferror to
+verify an error.
+
+Parameters
+
+c     Binary integer to be output
+file  Pointer to FILE structure
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_putw(int c, PAL_FILE *f)
+{
+    INT ret = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_putw);
+    ENTRY("_putw (c=0x%x, f=%p)\n", c, f);
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+ 
+    ret = putw(c,  f->bsdFilePtr );
+    LOGEXIT( "returning %d\n", ret );
+    PERF_EXIT(_putw);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function
+    PAL_get_stdout.
+
+    Returns the stdout stream.
+--*/
+PAL_FILE * __cdecl PAL_get_stdout(int caller)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(get_stdout);
+    ENTRY("PAL_get_stdout\n");
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_get_stdout returns PAL_FILE * %p\n", &PAL_Stdout );
+    PERF_EXIT(get_stdout);
+    return &PAL_Stdout;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function
+    PAL_get_stdin.
+
+    Returns the stdin stream.
+--*/
+PAL_FILE * __cdecl PAL_get_stdin(int caller)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(get_stdin);
+    ENTRY("PAL_get_stdin\n");
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_get_stdin returns PAL_FILE * %p\n", &PAL_Stdin );
+    PERF_EXIT(get_stdin);
+    return &PAL_Stdin;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function
+    PAL_get_stderr.
+
+    Returns the stderr stream.
+--*/
+PAL_FILE * __cdecl PAL_get_stderr(int caller)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(get_stderr);
+    ENTRY("PAL_get_stderr\n");
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_get_stderr returns PAL_FILE * %p\n", &PAL_Stderr );
+    PERF_EXIT(get_stderr);
+    return &PAL_Stderr;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+
+Function:
+
+    _close
+
+See msdn for more details.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL__close(int handle)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_close);
+    ENTRY( "_close( handle=%d )\n", handle );
+
+    nRetVal = close( handle );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "_close returning %d.\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(_close);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+ int __cdecl PAL__flushall()
+ {
+    return fflush(NULL);
+ }
+ 
+wchar_16 *
+__cdecl
+PAL_fgetws(wchar_16 *s, int n, PAL_FILE *f)
+{
+    ASSERT (0);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    fread
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+
+size_t
+__cdecl
+PAL_fread(void * buffer, size_t size, size_t count, PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    size_t nReadBytes = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fread);
+    ENTRY( "fread( buffer=%p, size=%d, count=%d, f=%p )\n",
+           buffer, size, count, f );
+	
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+
+    if(f->bTextMode != TRUE)
+    {
+        nReadBytes = fread( buffer, size, count, f->bsdFilePtr );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size_t i=0;
+        if(size > 0)
+        {
+            size_t j=0;
+            LPSTR temp = (LPSTR)buffer;
+            int nChar = 0;
+            int nCount =0;
+
+            for(i=0; i< count; i++)
+            {
+                for(j=0; j< size; j++)
+                {
+                    if((nChar = PAL_getc(f)) == EOF)
+                    {
+                        nReadBytes = i;
+                        goto done;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        temp[nCount++]=nChar;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        nReadBytes = i;
+    }
+	
+done:
+    LOGEXIT( "fread returning size_t %d\n", nReadBytes );
+    PERF_EXIT(fread);
+    return nReadBytes;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    ferror
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_ferror(PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nErrorCode = PAL_FILE_NOERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ferror);
+    ENTRY( "ferror( f=%p )\n", f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    nErrorCode = ferror( f->bsdFilePtr );
+    if ( 0 == nErrorCode )
+    {
+        /* See if the PAL file error code is set. */
+        nErrorCode = f->PALferrorCode;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "ferror returns %d\n", nErrorCode );
+    PERF_EXIT(ferror);
+    return nErrorCode;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    fclose
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_fclose(PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fclose);
+    ENTRY( "fclose( f=%p )\n", f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+
+    nRetVal = fclose( f->bsdFilePtr );
+    PAL_free( f );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fclose returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(fclose);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    setbuf
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+void
+_cdecl
+PAL_setbuf(PAL_FILE * f, char * buffer)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(setbuf);
+    ENTRY( "setbuf( %p, %p )\n", f, buffer );
+    
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    setbuf( f->bsdFilePtr, buffer );
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "setbuf\n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(setbuf);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    fputs
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_fputs(const char * str,  PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fputs);
+    ENTRY( "fputs( %p (%s), %p )\n", str, str, f);
+
+    _ASSERTE(str != NULL);
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+
+    nRetVal = fputs( str, f->bsdFilePtr );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fputs returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(fputs);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function :
+
+    fputc
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_fputc(int c,  PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fputc);
+    ENTRY( "fputc( 0x%x (%c), %p )\n", c, c, f);
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+
+    nRetVal = fputc( c, f->bsdFilePtr );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fputc returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(fputc);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function :
+
+    putchar
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_putchar( int c )
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(putchar);
+    ENTRY( "putchar( 0x%x (%c) )\n", c, c);
+
+    nRetVal = putchar( c );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "putchar returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(putchar);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    ftell
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+LONG
+_cdecl
+PAL_ftell(PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    long lRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ftell);
+    ENTRY( "ftell( %p )\n", f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+    lRetVal = ftell( f->bsdFilePtr );
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    /* Windows does not set an error if the file pointer's position
+    is greater than _I32_MAX. It just returns -1. */
+    if (lRetVal > _I32_MAX)
+    {
+        lRetVal = -1;
+    }
+#endif
+	
+    LOGEXIT( "ftell returning %ld\n", lRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(ftell);
+    /* This explicit cast to LONG is used to silence any potential warnings
+    due to implicitly casting the native long lRetVal to LONG when returning. */    
+    return (LONG)lRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    feof
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_feof(PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(feof);
+    ENTRY( "feof( %p )\n", f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+    nRetVal = feof( f->bsdFilePtr );
+
+    LOGEXIT( "feof returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(feof);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    getc
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_getc(PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+    INT temp =0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(getc);
+    ENTRY( "getc( %p )\n", f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+    CLEARERR(f);
+
+    nRetVal = getc( f->bsdFilePtr );
+
+    if ( (f->bTextMode) && (nRetVal == '\r') )
+    {
+        if ((temp = getc( f->bsdFilePtr ))== '\n')
+        {
+            nRetVal ='\n';
+        }
+        else if (EOF == ungetc( temp, f->bsdFilePtr ))
+        {
+            ERROR("ungetc operation failed\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "getc returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(getc);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    ungetc
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_ungetc(int c, PAL_FILE * f)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ungetc);
+    ENTRY( "ungetc( %c, %p )\n", c, f );
+
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+#if UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+    /* On some Unix platform such as Solaris, ungetc does not return EOF
+       on write-only file. */
+    if (f->bWriteOnlyMode)
+    {
+        nRetVal = EOF;
+    }
+    else
+#endif //UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+    {
+        CLEARERR(f);
+
+        nRetVal = ungetc( c, f->bsdFilePtr );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "ungetc returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(ungetc);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    setvbuf
+
+    See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_setvbuf(PAL_FILE *f, char *buf, int type, size_t size)
+{
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(setvbuf);
+    ENTRY( "setvbuf( %p, %p, %d, %ul )\n", f, buf, type, size);
+    
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+    
+    nRetVal = setvbuf(f->bsdFilePtr, buf, type, size);
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "setvbuf returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(setvbuf);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/filecrt.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/filecrt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..48079b309c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/filecrt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,571 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    filecrt.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the file functions in the C runtime library that
+    are Windows specific.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _open_osfhandle
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_open_osfhandle( INT_PTR osfhandle, int flags )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjFile = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    INT nRetVal = -1;  
+    INT openFlags = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_open_osfhandle);
+    ENTRY( "_open_osfhandle (osfhandle=%#x, flags=%#x)\n", osfhandle, flags );
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (flags != _O_RDONLY)
+    {
+        ASSERT("flag(%#x) not supported\n", flags);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    openFlags |= O_RDONLY;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pthrCurrent,
+        reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(osfhandle),
+        &aotFile,
+        0,
+        &pobjFile
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Error dereferencing file handle\n");
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjFile->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pthrCurrent,
+        ReadLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        if ('\0' != pLocalData->unix_filename[0])
+        {
+            nRetVal = InternalOpen(pLocalData->unix_filename, openFlags);
+        }
+        else /* the only file object with no unix_filename is a pipe */
+        {
+            /* check if the file pipe descrptor is for read or write */
+            if (pLocalData->open_flags == O_WRONLY)
+            {
+                ERROR( "Couldn't open a write pipe on read mode\n");
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+
+            nRetVal = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+        }
+        
+        if ( nRetVal == -1 )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Error: %s.\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to access file data");
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pthrCurrent, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjFile)
+    {
+        pobjFile->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+ 
+    LOGEXIT( "_open_osfhandle return nRetVal:%d\n", nRetVal);
+    PERF_EXIT(_open_osfhandle);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_fflush
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_fflush( PAL_FILE *stream )
+{
+    int nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fflush);
+    ENTRY( "fflush( %p )\n", stream );
+
+    nRetVal = fflush(stream ? stream->bsdFilePtr : NULL);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fflush returning %d\n", nRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(fflush);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL__getcwd
+
+Wrapper function for getcwd.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szBuf = a copy of the absolute pathname of the current working directory
+is copied into szBuf.
+nSize = size, in bytes, of the array referenced by szBuf.
+
+Return value:
+    A pointer to the pathname if successful, otherwise NULL is returned 
+--*/
+char * 
+__cdecl 
+PAL__getcwd(
+    char *szBuf, 
+    size_t nSize
+    )
+{
+    return (char *)getcwd(szBuf, nSize);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL_mkstemp
+
+Wrapper function for InternalMkstemp.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szNameTemplate = template to follow when naming the created file
+
+Return value:
+    Open file descriptor on success, -1 if file could not be created
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_mkstemp(char *szNameTemplate)
+{
+    return InternalMkstemp(szNameTemplate);
+}
+
+/*++
+InternalMkstemp
+
+Wrapper for mkstemp.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szNameTemplate = template to follow when naming the created file
+
+Return value:
+    Open file descriptor on success, -1 if file could not be created
+--*/
+int 
+CorUnix::InternalMkstemp(
+    char *szNameTemplate
+    )
+{
+    int nRet = -1;
+#if MKSTEMP64_IS_USED_INSTEAD_OF_MKSTEMP
+    nRet = mkstemp64(szNameTemplate);
+#else
+    nRet = mkstemp(szNameTemplate);
+#endif
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL__open
+
+Wrapper function for InternalOpen.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szPath = pointer to a pathname of a file to be opened
+nFlags = arguments that control how the file should be accessed
+mode = file permission settings that are used only when a file is created
+
+Return value:
+    File descriptor on success, -1 on failure
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL__open(
+    const char *szPath, 
+    int nFlags, 
+    ...
+    )
+{
+    int nRet = -1;
+    int mode = 0;
+    va_list ap;
+    
+    // If nFlags does not contain O_CREAT, the mode parameter will be ignored.
+    if (nFlags & O_CREAT)
+    {
+        va_start(ap, nFlags);
+        mode = va_arg(ap, int);
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+    
+    nRet = InternalOpen(szPath, nFlags, mode);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+InternalOpen
+
+Wrapper for open.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szPath = pointer to a pathname of a file to be opened
+nFlags = arguments that control how the file should be accessed
+mode = file permission settings that are used only when a file is created
+
+Return value:
+    File descriptor on success, -1 on failure
+--*/
+int
+CorUnix::InternalOpen(
+    const char *szPath,
+    int nFlags,
+    ...
+    )
+{
+    int nRet = -1;
+    int mode = 0;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    // If nFlags does not contain O_CREAT, the mode parameter will be ignored.
+    if (nFlags & O_CREAT)
+    {
+        va_start(ap, nFlags);
+        mode = va_arg(ap, int);
+        va_end(ap);
+    }
+
+#if OPEN64_IS_USED_INSTEAD_OF_OPEN
+        nRet = open64(szPath, nFlags, mode);
+#else
+        nRet = open(szPath, nFlags, mode);
+#endif
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL_rename
+
+Wrapper function for rename.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szOldName = pointer to the pathname of the file to be renamed
+szNewName = pointer to the new pathname of the file
+
+Return value:
+    Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_rename(
+    const char *szOldName, 
+    const char *szNewName
+    )
+{
+    return rename(szOldName, szNewName);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL_fgets
+
+Wrapper function for InternalFgets.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+sz = stores characters read from the given file stream
+nSize = number of characters to be read
+pf = stream to read characters from
+
+Return value:
+    Returns a pointer to the string storing the characters on success
+    and NULL on failure.
+--*/
+char * 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_fgets(
+    char *sz, 
+    int nSize, 
+    PAL_FILE *pf
+    )
+{
+    char * szBuf;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(fgets);
+    ENTRY( "fgets(sz=%p (%s) nSize=%d pf=%p)\n", sz, sz, nSize, pf);
+    
+    if (pf != NULL)
+    {
+        szBuf = InternalFgets(sz, nSize, pf->bsdFilePtr, pf->bTextMode);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        szBuf = NULL;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("fgets() returns %p\n", szBuf);
+    PERF_EXIT(fgets);
+
+    return szBuf;
+}
+
+/*++
+InternalFgets
+
+Wrapper for fgets.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+sz = stores characters read from the given file stream
+nSize = number of characters to be read
+f = stream to read characters from
+fTextMode = flag that indicates if file contents are text or binary
+
+Return value:
+    Returns a pointer to the string storing the characters on success
+    and NULL on failure.
+
+Notes:
+In Unix systems, fgets() can return an error if it gets interrupted by a
+signal before reading anything, and errno is set to EINTR. When this
+happens, it is SOP to call fgets again.
+--*/
+char *
+CorUnix::InternalFgets(
+    char *sz,
+    int nSize,
+    FILE *f,
+    bool fTextMode
+    )
+{
+    char *retval = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(sz != NULL);
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    clearerr(f);
+#endif
+
+    do
+    {
+        retval =  fgets(sz, nSize, f);
+        if (NULL==retval)
+        {
+            if (feof(f))
+            {
+                TRACE("Reached EOF\n");
+                break;
+            }
+            /* The man page suggests using ferror and feof to distinguish
+               between error and EOF, but feof and errno is sufficient.
+               Not all cases that set errno also flag ferror, so just
+               checking errno is the best solution. */
+            if (EINTR != errno)
+            {
+                WARN("got error; errno is %d (%s)\n",errno, strerror(errno));
+                break;
+            }
+            /* we ignored a EINTR error, reset the stream's error state */
+            clearerr(f);
+            TRACE("call got interrupted (EINTR), trying again\n");
+        }
+        if (fTextMode)
+        {
+            int len = strlen(sz);
+            if ((len>=2) && (sz[len-1]=='\n') && (sz[len-2]=='\r'))
+            {
+                sz[len-2]='\n';
+                sz[len-1]='\0';
+            }
+        }
+    } while(NULL == retval);
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+PAL_fwrite
+
+Wrapper function for InternalFwrite.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+pvBuffer = array of objects to write to the given file stream
+nSize = size of a object in bytes
+nCount = number of objects to write
+pf = stream to write characters to
+
+Return value:
+    Returns the number of objects written.
+--*/
+size_t 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_fwrite(
+    const void *pvBuffer, 
+    size_t nSize, 
+    size_t nCount, 
+    PAL_FILE *pf
+    )
+{
+    size_t nWrittenBytes = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fwrite);
+    ENTRY( "fwrite( pvBuffer=%p, nSize=%d, nCount=%d, pf=%p )\n",
+           pvBuffer, nSize, nCount, pf);
+    _ASSERTE(pf != NULL);
+
+    nWrittenBytes = InternalFwrite(pvBuffer, nSize, nCount, pf->bsdFilePtr, &pf->PALferrorCode);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "fwrite returning size_t %d\n", nWrittenBytes );
+    PERF_EXIT(fwrite);
+    return nWrittenBytes;
+}
+
+/*++
+InternalFwrite
+
+Wrapper for fwrite.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+pvBuffer = array of objects to write to the given file stream
+nSize = size of a object in bytes
+nCount = number of objects to write
+f = stream to write characters to
+pnErrorCode = reference to a PAL_FILE's fwrite error code field
+
+Return value:
+    Returns the number of objects written.
+--*/
+size_t
+CorUnix::InternalFwrite(
+    const void *pvBuffer,
+    size_t nSize,
+    size_t nCount,
+    FILE *f,
+    INT *pnErrorCode
+    )
+{
+    size_t nWrittenBytes = 0;
+    _ASSERTE(f != NULL);
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    clearerr(f);
+#endif
+
+    nWrittenBytes = fwrite(pvBuffer, nSize, nCount, f);
+
+    // Make sure no error ocurred. 
+    if ( nWrittenBytes < nCount )
+    {
+        // Set the FILE* error code 
+        *pnErrorCode = PAL_FILE_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return nWrittenBytes;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+PAL_fseek
+
+Wrapper function for fseek.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+pf = a given file stream
+lOffset = distance from position to set file-position indicator
+nWhence = method used to determine the file_position indicator location relative to lOffset
+
+Return value:
+    0 on success, -1 on failure.
+--*/
+int
+_cdecl
+PAL_fseek(
+    PAL_FILE * pf, 
+    LONG lOffset, 
+    int nWhence
+    )
+{
+    int nRet = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fseek);
+    ENTRY( "fseek( %p, %ld, %d )\n", pf, lOffset, nWhence );
+
+    nRet = fseek(pf ? pf->bsdFilePtr : NULL, lOffset, nWhence);
+
+    LOGEXIT("fseek returning %d\n", nRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(fseek);
+    return nRet;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/lstr.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/lstr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2267d8491b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/lstr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    lstr.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of functions manipulating unicode/ansi strings. (lstr*A/W)
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  lstrcatW
+
+The lstrcat function appends one string to another. 
+
+Parameters
+
+lpString1        [in/out] Pointer to a null-terminated string. The buffer must be large
+                          enough to contain both strings. 
+lpString2        [in]     Pointer to the null-terminated string to be appended to the
+                          string specified in the lpString1 parameter. 
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is a pointer to the buffer.
+If the function fails, the return value is NULL. 
+
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+lstrcatW(
+	 IN OUT LPWSTR lpString1,
+	 IN LPCWSTR lpString2)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpStart = lpString1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(lstrcatW);
+    ENTRY("lstrcatW (lpString1=%p (%S), lpString2=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpString1?lpString1:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpString1?lpString1:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (lpString1 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString1 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcatW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcatW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (lpString2 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString2 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcatW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcatW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* find end of source string */
+    while (*lpString1)
+    {
+        lpString1++;
+    }
+
+    /* concatenate new string */
+    while(*lpString2)
+    {
+        *lpString1++ = *lpString2++;
+    }
+
+    /* add terminating null */
+    *lpString1 = '\0';
+
+    LOGEXIT("lstrcatW returning LPWSTR %p (%S)\n", lpStart, lpStart);
+    PERF_EXIT(lstrcatW);
+    return lpStart;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  lstrcpyW
+
+The lstrcpy function copies a string to a buffer. 
+
+To copy a specified number of characters, use the lstrcpyn function.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpString1        [out] Pointer to a buffer to receive the contents of the string pointed
+                       to by the lpString2 parameter. The buffer must be large enough to
+                       contain the string, including the terminating null character. 
+
+lpString2        [in] Pointer to the null-terminated string to be copied. 
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is a pointer to the buffer.
+If the function fails, the return value is NULL. 
+
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+lstrcpyW(
+	 OUT LPWSTR lpString1,
+	 IN LPCWSTR lpString2)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpStart = lpString1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(lstrcpyW);
+    ENTRY("lstrcpyW (lpString1=%p, lpString2=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpString1?lpString1:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (lpString1 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString1 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcpyW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcpyW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (lpString2 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString2 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcpyW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcpyW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* copy source string to destination string */
+    while(*lpString2)
+    {
+        *lpString1++ = *lpString2++;
+    }
+
+    /* add terminating null */
+    *lpString1 = '\0';
+
+    LOGEXIT("lstrcpyW returning LPWSTR %p (%S)\n", lpStart, lpStart);
+    PERF_EXIT(lstrcpyW);
+    return lpStart;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  lstrlenA
+
+
+The lstrlen function returns the length in bytes (ANSI version) or
+characters (Unicode version) of the specified string (not including
+the terminating null character).
+
+Parameters
+
+lpString        [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string. 
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value specifies the length of the string, in TCHARs. This
+refers to bytes for ANSI versions of the function or characters for
+Unicode versions.
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+lstrlenA( IN LPCSTR lpString)
+{
+    int nChar = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(lstrlenA);
+    ENTRY("lstrlenA (lpString=%p (%s))\n", lpString?lpString:"NULL", lpString?lpString:"NULL");
+    if (lpString)
+    {
+        while (*lpString++)
+        {
+            nChar++;      
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("lstrlenA returning int %d\n", nChar);
+    PERF_EXIT(lstrlenA);
+    return nChar;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  lstrlenW
+
+The lstrlen function returns the length in bytes (ANSI version) or
+characters (Unicode version) of the specified string (not including
+the terminating null character).
+
+Parameters
+
+lpString        [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string. 
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value specifies the length of the string, in TCHARs. This
+refers to bytes for ANSI versions of the function or characters for
+Unicode versions.
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+lstrlenW(
+	 IN LPCWSTR lpString)
+{
+    int nChar = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(lstrlenW);
+    ENTRY("lstrlenW (lpString=%p (%S))\n", lpString?lpString:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString?lpString:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    if (lpString != NULL)
+    {
+        while (*lpString++)
+        {
+            nChar++;      
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("lstrlenW returning int %d\n", nChar);
+    PERF_EXIT(lstrlenW);
+    return nChar;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  lstrcpynW
+
+The lstrcpyn function copies a specified number of characters from a
+source string into a buffer.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpString1        [out] Pointer to a buffer into which the function copies characters.
+                       The buffer must be large enough to contain the number of TCHARs
+                       specified by iMaxLength, including room for a terminating null character. 
+lpString2        [in]  Pointer to a null-terminated string from which the function copies
+                       characters. 
+iMaxLength       [in]  Specifies the number of TCHARs to be copied from the string pointed
+                       to by lpString2 into the buffer pointed to by lpString1, including a
+                       terminating null character.
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is a pointer to the buffer.
+If the function fails, the return value is NULL. 
+
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+lstrcpynW(
+	  OUT LPWSTR lpString1,
+	  IN LPCWSTR lpString2,
+	  IN int iMaxLength)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpStart = lpString1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(lstrcpynW);
+    ENTRY("lstrcpynW (lpString1=%p, lpString2=%p (%S), iMaxLength=%d)\n",
+              lpString1?lpString1:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING, lpString2?lpString2:W16_NULLSTRING, iMaxLength);
+
+    if (lpString1 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString1 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcpynW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcpynW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (lpString2 == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid lpString2 argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("lstrcpynW returning LPWSTR NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(lstrcpynW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* copy source string to destination string */
+    while(iMaxLength > 1 && *lpString2)
+    {
+        *lpString1++ = *lpString2++;
+        iMaxLength--;
+    }
+
+    /* add terminating null */
+    if (iMaxLength > 0)
+    {
+        *lpString1 = '\0';
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("lstrcpynW returning LPWSTR %p (%S)\n", lpStart, lpStart);
+    PERF_EXIT(lstrcpynW);
+    return lpStart;
+
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/malloc.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/malloc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3083a2005f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/malloc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    malloc.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of suspension safe memory allocation functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+void *
+__cdecl
+PAL_realloc(
+    void* pvMemblock,
+    size_t szSize
+    )
+{
+    return InternalRealloc(pvMemblock, szSize);
+}
+
+void *
+CorUnix::InternalRealloc(
+    void* pvMemblock,
+    size_t szSize
+    )
+{
+    void *pvMem;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(InternalRealloc);
+    ENTRY("realloc (memblock:%p size=%d)\n", pvMemblock, szSize);    
+       
+    if (szSize == 0)
+    {
+        // If pvMemblock is NULL, there's no reason to call free.
+        if (pvMemblock != NULL)
+        {
+            free(pvMemblock);
+        }
+        pvMem = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pvMem = realloc(pvMemblock, szSize);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("realloc returns void * %p\n", pvMem);
+    PERF_EXIT(InternalRealloc);
+    return pvMem;
+}
+
+void
+__cdecl
+PAL_free(
+    void *pvMem
+    )
+{
+    free(pvMem);
+}
+
+void * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_malloc(
+    size_t szSize
+    )
+{
+    return InternalMalloc(szSize);
+}
+
+void *
+CorUnix::InternalMalloc(
+    size_t szSize
+    )
+{
+    void *pvMem;
+
+    if (szSize == 0)
+    {
+        // malloc may return null for a requested size of zero bytes. Force a nonzero size to get a valid pointer.
+        szSize = 1;
+    }
+
+    pvMem = (void*)malloc(szSize);
+    return pvMem;
+}
+
+char *
+__cdecl
+PAL__strdup(
+    const char *c_szStr
+    )
+{
+    return strdup(c_szStr);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/math.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/math.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7075fd60f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/math.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,424 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    math.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of math family functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#if HAVE_IEEEFP_H
+#include <ieeefp.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_IEEEFP_H
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define PAL_NAN_DBL     sqrt(-1.0)
+#define PAL_POSINF_DBL -log(0.0)
+#define PAL_NEGINF_DBL  log(0.0)
+
+#define IS_DBL_NEGZERO(x)         (((*((INT64*)((void*)&x))) & I64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)) == I64(0x8000000000000000))
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _finite
+
+Determines whether given double-precision floating point value is finite.
+
+Return Value
+
+_finite returns a nonzero value (TRUE) if its argument x is not
+infinite, that is, if -INF < x < +INF. It returns 0 (FALSE) if the
+argument is infinite or a NaN.
+
+Parameter
+
+x  Double-precision floating-point value
+
+--*/
+int __cdecl _finite(double x)
+{
+    int ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(_finite);
+    ENTRY("_finite (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if defined(_IA64_) && defined (_HPUX_)
+    ret = !isnan(x) && (x != PAL_POSINF_DBL) && (x != PAL_NEGINF_DBL);
+#else
+    ret = isfinite(x);
+#endif
+
+    LOGEXIT("_finite returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_finite);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _isnan
+
+See MSDN doc
+--*/
+int __cdecl _isnan(double x)
+{
+    int ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(_isnan);
+    ENTRY("_isnan (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+    ret = isnan(x);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_isnan returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_isnan);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _copysign
+
+See MSDN doc
+--*/
+double __cdecl _copysign(double x, double y)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(_copysign);
+    ENTRY("_copysign (x=%f, y=%f)\n", x, y);
+
+    ret = copysign(x, y);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_copysign returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_copysign);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    acos
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_acos(double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(acos);
+    ENTRY("acos (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS
+    errno = 0;
+#endif  // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS
+
+    ret = acos(x);
+    
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS
+    if (errno == EDOM)
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;  // NaN
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ACOS
+
+    LOGEXIT("acos returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(acos);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    asin
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_asin(double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(asin);
+    ENTRY("asin (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN
+    errno = 0;
+#endif  // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN
+
+    ret = asin(x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN
+    if (errno == EDOM)
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;  // NaN
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ASIN
+
+    LOGEXIT("asin returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(asin);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    atan2
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_atan2(double y, double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(atan2);
+    ENTRY("atan2 (y=%f, x=%f)\n", y, x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2
+    errno = 0;
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2
+
+    ret = atan2(y, x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2
+    if ((errno == EDOM) && (x == 0.0) && (y == 0.0))
+    {
+        const double sign_x = copysign(1.0, x);
+        const double sign_y = copysign(1.0, y);
+
+        if (sign_x > 0)
+        {
+            ret = copysign(0.0, sign_y);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ret = copysign(atan2(0.0, -1.0), sign_y);
+        }
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_ATAN2
+
+    LOGEXIT("atan2 returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(atan2);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    exp
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_exp(double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(exp);
+    ENTRY("exp (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP
+    if (x == 1.0) 
+    {
+        ret = M_E;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+#endif  // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP
+
+    ret = exp(x);
+    
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_COMPATIBLE_EXP
+
+    LOGEXIT("exp returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(exp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    labs
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT LONG __cdecl PAL_labs(LONG l)
+{
+    long lRet;
+    PERF_ENTRY(labs);
+    ENTRY("labs (l=%ld)\n", l);
+    
+    lRet = labs(l);    
+
+    LOGEXIT("labs returns long %ld\n", lRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(labs);
+    return (LONG)lRet; // This explicit cast to LONG is used to silence any potential warnings due to implicitly casting the native long lRet to LONG when returning.
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    log
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_log(double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(log);
+    ENTRY("log (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG
+    errno = 0;
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG
+
+    ret = log(x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG
+    if ((errno == EDOM) && (x < 0))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;    // NaN
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG
+
+    LOGEXIT("log returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(log);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    log10
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_log10(double x)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(log10);
+    ENTRY("log10 (x=%f)\n", x);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10
+    errno = 0;
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10
+
+    ret = log10(x);
+    
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10
+    if ((errno == EDOM) && (x < 0))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;    // NaN
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_LOG10
+
+    LOGEXIT("log10 returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(log10);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    pow
+
+See MSDN.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT double __cdecl PAL_pow(double x, double y)
+{
+    double ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(pow);
+    ENTRY("pow (x=%f, y=%f)\n", x, y);
+
+#if !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_POW
+    if ((y == PAL_POSINF_DBL) && !isnan(x))    // +Inf
+    {
+        if (x == 1.0)
+        {
+            ret = x;
+        }
+        else if (x == -1.0)
+        {
+            ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;    // NaN
+        }
+        else if ((x > -1.0) && (x < 1.0))
+        {
+            ret = 0.0;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ret = PAL_POSINF_DBL;    // +Inf
+        }
+    }
+    else if ((y == PAL_NEGINF_DBL) && !isnan(x))   // -Inf
+    {
+        if (x == 1.0)
+        {
+            ret = x;
+        }
+        else if (x == -1.0)
+        {
+            ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;    // NaN
+        }
+        else if ((x > -1.0) && (x < 1.0))
+        {
+            ret = PAL_POSINF_DBL;    // +Inf
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ret = 0.0;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (IS_DBL_NEGZERO(x) && (y == -1.0))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NEGINF_DBL;    // -Inf
+    }
+    else if ((x == 0.0) && (y < 0.0))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_POSINF_DBL;    // +Inf
+    }
+    else
+#endif  // !HAVE_COMPATIBLE_POW
+
+    if ((y == 0.0) && isnan(x))
+    {
+        // Windows returns NaN for pow(NaN, 0), but POSIX specifies
+        // a return value of 1 for that case.  We need to return
+        // the same result as Windows.
+        ret = PAL_NAN_DBL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = pow(x, y);
+    }
+
+#if !HAVE_VALID_NEGATIVE_INF_POW
+    if ((ret == PAL_POSINF_DBL) && (x < 0) && isfinite(x) && (ceil(y / 2) != floor(y / 2)))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_NEGINF_DBL;   // -Inf
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_VALID_NEGATIVE_INF_POW
+
+#if !HAVE_VALID_POSITIVE_INF_POW
+    /*
+    * The even/odd test in the if (this one and the one above) used to be ((long long) y % 2 == 0)
+    * on SPARC (long long) y for large y (>2**63) is always 0x7fffffff7fffffff, which
+    * is an odd number, so the test ((long long) y % 2 == 0) will always fail for
+    * large y. Since large double numbers are always even (e.g., the representation of
+    * 1E20+1 is the same as that of 1E20, the last .+1. is too insignificant to be part
+    * of the representation), this test will always return the wrong result for large y.
+    * 
+    * The (ceil(y/2) == floor(y/2)) test is slower, but more robust.
+    */
+    if ((ret == PAL_NEGINF_DBL) && (x < 0) && isfinite(x) && (ceil(y / 2) == floor(y / 2)))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_POSINF_DBL;   // +Inf
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_VALID_POSITIVE_INF_POW
+
+    LOGEXIT("pow returns double %f\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(pow);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/mbstring.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/mbstring.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd4bcbbdce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/mbstring.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    mbstring.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the multi-byte string functions in the C runtime library that 
+    are Windows specific.
+
+Implementation Notes:
+
+    Assuming it is not possible to change multi-byte code page using
+    the PAL (_setmbcp does not seem to be required), these functions
+    should have a trivial implementation (treat as single-byte). If it
+    is possible, then support for multi-byte code pages will have to
+    be implemented before these functions can behave correctly for
+    multi-byte strings.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _mbslen
+
+Determines the number of characters (code points) in a multibyte
+character string.
+
+Parameters
+
+string  Points to a multibyte character string.
+
+Return Values
+
+The mbslen subroutine returns the number of multibyte characters in a
+multibyte character string. It returns 0 if the string parameter
+points to a null character or if a character cannot be formed from the
+string pointed to by this parameter.
+
+--*/
+size_t 
+__cdecl
+_mbslen(
+        const unsigned char *string)
+{
+    size_t ret = 0;
+    CPINFO cpinfo;
+    PERF_ENTRY(_mbslen);
+    ENTRY("_mbslen (string=%p (%s))\n", string, string);
+
+    if (string)
+    {
+        if (GetCPInfo(CP_ACP, &cpinfo) && cpinfo.MaxCharSize == 1)
+        {
+            ret = strlen((const char*)string);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            while (*string)
+            {
+                if (IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CP_ACP, *string))
+                {
+                    ++string;
+                }
+                ++string;
+                ++ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("_mbslen returning size_t %u\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_mbslen);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _mbsinc
+
+Return Value
+
+Returns a pointer to the character that immediately follows string.
+
+Parameter
+
+string  Character pointer
+
+Remarks
+
+The _mbsinc function returns a pointer to the first byte of the
+multibyte character that immediately follows string.
+
+--*/
+unsigned char *
+__cdecl
+_mbsinc(
+        const unsigned char *string)
+{
+    unsigned char *ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_mbsinc);
+    ENTRY("_mbsinc (string=%p)\n", string);
+
+    if (string == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = (unsigned char *) string;
+        if (IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CP_ACP, *ret))
+        {
+            ++ret;
+        }
+        ++ret;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("_mbsinc returning unsigned char* %p (%s)\n", ret, ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_mbsinc);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _mbsninc
+
+Return Value
+
+Returns a pointer to string after string has been incremented by count
+characters, or NULL if the supplied pointer is NULL. If count is
+greater than or equal to the number of characters in string, the
+result is undefined.
+
+Parameters
+
+string  Source string
+count   Number of characters to increment string pointer
+
+Remarks
+
+The _mbsninc function increments string by count multibyte
+characters. _mbsninc recognizes multibyte-character sequences
+according to the multibyte code page currently in use.
+
+--*/
+unsigned char *
+__cdecl
+_mbsninc(
+         const unsigned char *string, size_t count)
+{
+    unsigned char *ret;
+    CPINFO cpinfo;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_mbsninc);
+    ENTRY("_mbsninc (string=%p, count=%lu)\n", string, count);
+    if (string == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = (unsigned char *) string;
+        if (GetCPInfo(CP_ACP, &cpinfo) && cpinfo.MaxCharSize == 1)
+        {
+            ret += min(count, strlen((const char*)string));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            while (count-- && (*ret != 0))
+            {
+                if (IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CP_ACP, *ret))
+                {
+                    ++ret;
+                }
+                ++ret;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("_mbsninc returning unsigned char* %p (%s)\n", ret, ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_mbsninc);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _mbsdec
+
+Return Value
+
+_mbsdec returns a pointer to the character that immediately precedes
+current; _mbsdec returns NULL if the value of start is greater than or
+equal to that of current.
+
+Parameters
+
+start    Pointer to first byte of any multibyte character in the source
+         string; start must precede current in the source string
+
+current  Pointer to first byte of any multibyte character in the source
+         string; current must follow start in the source string
+
+--*/
+unsigned char * 
+__cdecl
+_mbsdec(
+        const unsigned char *start, 
+        const unsigned char *current)
+{
+    unsigned char *ret;
+    unsigned char *strPtr;
+    CPINFO cpinfo;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_mbsdec);
+    ENTRY("_mbsdec (start=%p, current=%p)\n", start, current);
+
+    if (current <= start)
+    {
+        ret = NULL;
+    }
+    else if (GetCPInfo(CP_ACP, &cpinfo) && cpinfo.MaxCharSize == 1)
+    {
+        ret = (unsigned char *) current - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = strPtr = (unsigned char *) start;
+        while (strPtr < current)
+        {
+            ret = strPtr;
+            if (IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CP_ACP, *strPtr))
+            {
+                ++strPtr;
+            }
+            ++strPtr;
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("_mbsdec returning unsigned int %p (%s)\n", ret, ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_mbsdec);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/misc.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/misc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e5acf65ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/misc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    cruntime/misc.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of C runtime functions that don't fit anywhere else.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadsusp.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+/* <stdarg.h> needs to be included after "palinternal.h" to avoid name
+   collision for va_start and va_end */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_) || defined(_x86_)
+#include <xmmintrin.h>
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_) || defined(_x86_)
+#if defined(_DEBUG)
+#include <assert.h>
+#endif //defined(_DEBUG)
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _gcvt_s
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+char * 
+__cdecl 
+_gcvt_s( char * buffer, int iSize, double value, int digits )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(_gcvt);
+    ENTRY( "_gcvt( value:%f digits=%d, buffer=%p )\n", value, digits, buffer );    
+
+    if ( !buffer )
+    {
+        ERROR( "buffer was an invalid pointer.\n" );
+    }
+
+    switch ( digits )
+    {
+    case 7 :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 8 :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 15 :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 17 :
+        
+        sprintf_s( buffer, iSize, "%.*g", digits, value );
+        break;
+    
+    default :
+        ASSERT( "Only the digits 7, 8, 15, and 17 are valid.\n" );
+        *buffer = '\0';
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "_gcvt returns %p (%s)\n", buffer , buffer );
+    PERF_EXIT(_gcvt);
+    return buffer;
+}
+    
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    __iscsym
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl 
+__iscsym( int c )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(__iscsym);
+    ENTRY( "__iscsym( c=%d )\n", c );
+
+    if ( isalnum( c ) || c == '_'  )
+    {
+        LOGEXIT( "__iscsym returning 1\n" );
+        PERF_EXIT(__iscsym);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "__iscsym returning 0\n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(__iscsym);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+
+Function :
+
+    PAL_errno
+    
+    Returns the address of the errno.
+
+--*/
+int * __cdecl PAL_errno( int caller )
+{
+    int *retval;
+    PERF_ENTRY(errno);
+    ENTRY( "PAL_errno( void )\n" );
+    retval = (INT*)(&errno);
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_errno returns %p\n",retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(errno);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    mktime
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+
+PAL_time_t 
+__cdecl
+PAL_mktime(struct PAL_tm *tm)
+{
+    time_t result;
+    struct tm tmpTm;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(mktime);
+    ENTRY( "mktime( tm=%p )\n",tm );
+
+    /*copy the value of Windows struct into BSD struct*/
+    tmpTm.tm_sec = tm->tm_sec;
+    tmpTm.tm_min = tm->tm_min;
+    tmpTm.tm_hour = tm->tm_hour;
+    tmpTm.tm_mday = tm->tm_mday;
+    tmpTm.tm_mon  = tm->tm_mon;
+    tmpTm.tm_year = tm->tm_year;
+    tmpTm.tm_wday = tm->tm_wday;
+    tmpTm.tm_yday = tm->tm_yday;
+    tmpTm.tm_isdst = tm->tm_isdst;
+
+    result = mktime(&tmpTm);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "mktime returned %#lx\n",result );
+    PERF_EXIT(mktime);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+   rand
+
+   The RAND_MAX value can vary by platform.
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl 
+PAL_rand(void)
+{
+    int ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(rand);
+    ENTRY("rand(void)\n");
+
+    ret = (rand() % (PAL_RAND_MAX + 1));
+
+    LOGEXIT("rand() returning %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(rand);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+   time
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+PAL_time_t
+__cdecl
+PAL_time(PAL_time_t *tloc)
+{
+    time_t result;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(time);
+    ENTRY( "time( tloc=%p )\n",tloc );
+
+    result = time(tloc);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "time returning %#lx\n",result );
+    PERF_EXIT(time);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
+PALIMPORT 
+void __cdecl 
+PAL_qsort(void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size, 
+          int (__cdecl *compar )(const void *, const void *))
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(qsort);
+    ENTRY("qsort(base=%p, nmemb=%lu, size=%lu, compar=%p\n",
+          base,(unsigned long) nmemb,(unsigned long) size, compar);
+
+/* reset ENTRY nesting level back to zero, qsort will invoke app-defined 
+   callbacks and we want their entry traces... */
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+{
+    int old_level;
+    old_level = DBG_change_entrylevel(0);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+    qsort(base,nmemb,size,compar);
+
+/* ...and set nesting level back to what it was */
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+    DBG_change_entrylevel(old_level);
+}
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+    LOGEXIT("qsort returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(qsort);
+}
+
+PALIMPORT 
+void * __cdecl 
+PAL_bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t nmemb, size_t size,
+            int (__cdecl *compar)(const void *, const void *))
+{
+    void *retval;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(bsearch);
+    ENTRY("bsearch(key=%p, base=%p, nmemb=%lu, size=%lu, compar=%p\n", 
+          key, base, (unsigned long) nmemb, (unsigned long) size, compar);
+
+/* reset ENTRY nesting level back to zero, bsearch will invoke app-defined 
+   callbacks and we want their entry traces... */
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+{
+    int old_level;
+    old_level = DBG_change_entrylevel(0);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+    retval = bsearch(key,base,nmemb,size,compar);
+
+/* ...and set nesting level back to what it was */
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+    DBG_change_entrylevel(old_level);
+}
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+    LOGEXIT("bsearch returns %p\n",retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(bsearch);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#ifdef _AMD64_ 
+
+PALIMPORT
+unsigned int PAL__mm_getcsr(void)
+{
+    return _mm_getcsr();
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+void PAL__mm_setcsr(unsigned int i)
+{
+    _mm_setcsr(i);
+}
+
+#endif // _AMD64_ 
+
+/*++
+Function:
+PAL_memcpy
+
+Overlapping buffer-safe version of memcpy.
+See MSDN doc for memcpy
+--*/
+EXTERN_C
+PALIMPORT
+void *PAL_memcpy (void *dest, const void *src, size_t count)
+{
+    UINT_PTR x = (UINT_PTR)dest, y = (UINT_PTR)src;
+    _ASSERTE((x + count <= y) || (y + count <= x));
+    
+    void *ret;
+    #undef memcpy
+    ret = memcpy(dest, src, count);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/misctls.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/misctls.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e46582ec17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/misctls.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    cruntime/misctls.ccpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of C runtime functions that don't fit anywhere else
+    and depend on per-thread data
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+}
+
+#include <errno.h>
+/* <stdarg.h> needs to be included after "palinternal.h" to avoid name
+   collision for va_start and va_end */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#if HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
+#include <crt_externs.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    localtime
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+
+struct PAL_tm *
+__cdecl
+PAL_localtime(const PAL_time_t *clock)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    struct tm tmpResult;
+    struct PAL_tm *result = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(localtime);
+    ENTRY( "localtime( clock=%p )\n",clock );
+
+    /* Get the per-thread buffer from the thread structure. */
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    result = &pThread->crtInfo.localtimeBuffer;
+
+    localtime_r(reinterpret_cast<const time_t*>(clock), &tmpResult);
+
+    // Copy the result into the Windows struct.
+    result->tm_sec = tmpResult.tm_sec;
+    result->tm_min = tmpResult.tm_min;
+    result->tm_hour = tmpResult.tm_hour;
+    result->tm_mday = tmpResult.tm_mday;
+    result->tm_mon  = tmpResult.tm_mon;
+    result->tm_year = tmpResult.tm_year;
+    result->tm_wday = tmpResult.tm_wday;
+    result->tm_yday = tmpResult.tm_yday;
+    result->tm_isdst = tmpResult.tm_isdst;
+
+    LOGEXIT( "localtime returned %p\n", result );
+    PERF_EXIT(localtime);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    ctime
+
+    There appears to be a difference between the FreeBSD and windows
+    implementations.  FreeBSD gives Wed Dec 31 18:59:59 1969 for a
+    -1 param, and Windows returns NULL
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+char *
+__cdecl
+PAL_ctime( const PAL_time_t *clock )
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    char * retval = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ctime);
+    ENTRY( "ctime( clock=%p )\n",clock );
+    if(*clock < 0)
+    {
+        /*If the input param is less than zero the value
+         *returned is less than the Unix epoch
+         *1st of January 1970*/
+        WARN("The input param is less than zero");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the per-thread buffer from the thread structure. */
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    retval = pThread->crtInfo.ctimeBuffer;
+
+    ctime_r(reinterpret_cast<const time_t*>(clock),retval);
+
+done:
+
+    LOGEXIT( "ctime() returning %p (%s)\n",retval,retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(ctime);
+
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/**
+Function:
+
+    _ecvt
+
+See MSDN for more information.
+
+NOTES:
+    There is a difference between PAL _ecvt and Win32 _ecvt.
+
+    If Window's _ecvt receives a double 0.000000000000000000005, and count 50
+    the result is "49999999999999998000000000000000000000000000000000"
+
+    Under BSD the same call will result in :
+    49999999999999998021734900744965462766153934333829
+
+    The difference is due to the difference between BSD and Win32 sprintf.
+
+--*/
+char * __cdecl
+_ecvt( double value, int count, int * dec, int * sign )
+{
+    CONST CHAR * FORMAT_STRING = "%.348e";
+    CHAR TempBuffer[ ECVT_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ];
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpReturnBuffer = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpStartOfReturnBuffer = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpTempBuffer = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpEndOfTempBuffer = NULL;
+    INT nTempBufferLength = 0;
+    CHAR ExponentBuffer[ 6 ];
+    INT nExponentValue = 0;
+    INT LoopIndex = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_ecvt);
+    ENTRY( "_ecvt( value=%.30g, count=%d, dec=%p, sign=%p )\n",
+           value, count, dec, sign );
+
+    /* Get the per-thread buffer from the thread structure. */
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    lpStartOfReturnBuffer = lpReturnBuffer = pThread->crtInfo.ECVTBuffer;
+
+    /* Sanity checks */
+    if ( !dec || !sign )
+    {
+        ERROR( "dec and sign have to be valid pointers.\n" );
+        *lpReturnBuffer = '\0';
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *dec = *sign = 0;
+    }
+
+    if ( value < 0.0 )
+    {
+        *sign = 1;
+    }
+
+    if ( count > ECVT_MAX_COUNT_SIZE )
+    {
+        count = ECVT_MAX_COUNT_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the string to work with. */
+    sprintf_s( TempBuffer, sizeof(TempBuffer), FORMAT_STRING, value );
+
+    /* Check to see if value was a valid number. */
+    if ( strcmp( "NaN", TempBuffer ) == 0 || strcmp( "-NaN", TempBuffer ) == 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE( "value was not a number!\n" );
+        if (strcpy_s( lpStartOfReturnBuffer, ECVT_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, "1#QNAN0" ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR( "strcpy_s failed!\n" );
+            *lpStartOfReturnBuffer = '\0';
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        *dec = 1;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Check to see if it is infinite. */
+    if ( strcmp( "Inf", TempBuffer ) == 0 || strcmp( "-Inf", TempBuffer ) == 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE( "value is infinite!\n" );
+        if (strcpy_s( lpStartOfReturnBuffer, ECVT_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE, "1#INF00" ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR( "strcpy_s failed!\n" );
+            *lpStartOfReturnBuffer = '\0';
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        *dec = 1;
+        if ( *TempBuffer == '-' )
+        {
+            *sign = 1;
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    nTempBufferLength = strlen( TempBuffer );
+    lpEndOfTempBuffer = &(TempBuffer[ nTempBufferLength ]);
+
+    /* Extract the exponent, and convert it to integer. */
+    while ( *lpEndOfTempBuffer != 'e' && nTempBufferLength > 0 )
+    {
+        nTempBufferLength--;
+        lpEndOfTempBuffer--;
+    }
+    
+    ExponentBuffer[ 0 ] = '\0';
+    if (strncat_s( ExponentBuffer, sizeof(ExponentBuffer), lpEndOfTempBuffer + 1, 5 ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ERROR( "strncat_s failed!\n" );
+        *lpStartOfReturnBuffer = '\0';
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    nExponentValue = atoi( ExponentBuffer );
+
+    /* End the string at the 'e' */
+    *lpEndOfTempBuffer = '\0';
+    nTempBufferLength--;
+
+    /* Determine decimal location. */
+    if ( nExponentValue == 0 )
+    {
+        *dec = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *dec = nExponentValue + 1;
+    }
+
+    if ( value == 0.0 )
+    {
+        *dec = 0;
+    }
+    /* Copy the string from the temp buffer upto count characters, 
+    removing the sign, and decimal as required. */
+    lpTempBuffer = TempBuffer;
+    *lpReturnBuffer = '0';
+    lpReturnBuffer++;
+
+    while ( LoopIndex < ECVT_MAX_COUNT_SIZE )
+    {
+        if ( isdigit(*lpTempBuffer) )
+        {
+            *lpReturnBuffer = *lpTempBuffer;
+            LoopIndex++;
+            lpReturnBuffer++;
+        }
+        lpTempBuffer++;
+
+        if ( LoopIndex == count + 1 )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *lpReturnBuffer = '\0';
+
+    /* Round if needed. If count is less then 0 
+    then windows does not round for some reason.*/
+    nTempBufferLength = strlen( lpStartOfReturnBuffer ) - 1;
+    
+    /* Add one for the preceeding zero. */
+    lpReturnBuffer = ( lpStartOfReturnBuffer + 1 );
+
+    if ( nTempBufferLength >= count && count >= 0 )
+    {
+        /* Determine whether I need to round up. */
+        if ( *(lpReturnBuffer + count) >= '5' )
+        {
+            CHAR cNumberToBeRounded;
+            if ( count != 0 )
+            {
+                cNumberToBeRounded = *(lpReturnBuffer + count - 1);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                cNumberToBeRounded = *lpReturnBuffer;
+            }
+            
+            if ( cNumberToBeRounded < '9' )
+            {
+                if ( count > 0 )
+                {
+                    /* Add one to the character. */
+                    (*(lpReturnBuffer + count - 1))++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if ( cNumberToBeRounded >= '5' )
+                    {
+                        (*dec)++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                LPSTR lpRounding = NULL;
+
+                if ( count > 0 )
+                {
+                    lpRounding = lpReturnBuffer + count - 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    lpRounding = lpReturnBuffer + count;
+                }
+
+                while ( cNumberToBeRounded == '9' )
+                {
+                    cNumberToBeRounded = *lpRounding;
+                    
+                    if ( cNumberToBeRounded == '9' )
+                    {
+                        *lpRounding = '0';
+                        lpRounding--;
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                if ( lpRounding == lpStartOfReturnBuffer )
+                {
+                    /* Overflow. number is a whole number now. */
+                    *lpRounding = '1';
+                    memset( ++lpRounding, '0', count);
+
+                    /* The decimal has moved. */
+                    (*dec)++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *lpRounding = ++cNumberToBeRounded;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* Get rid of the preceding 0 */
+            lpStartOfReturnBuffer++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( *lpStartOfReturnBuffer == '0' )
+    {
+        lpStartOfReturnBuffer++;
+    }
+
+    if ( count >= 0 )
+    {
+        *(lpStartOfReturnBuffer + count) = '\0';
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *lpStartOfReturnBuffer = '\0';
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    LOGEXIT( "_ecvt returning %p (%s)\n", lpStartOfReturnBuffer , lpStartOfReturnBuffer );
+    PERF_EXIT(_ecvt);
+
+    return lpStartOfReturnBuffer;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/path.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/path.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e5b955ebd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/path.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    path.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of path functions part of Windows runtime library.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+
+/* ON_ERROR. A Helper macro for _?splitpath functions. */
+#define ON_ERROR if ( drive ) \
+        {\
+            drive[0] = 0;\
+        }\
+        if(dir)\
+        {\
+            dir[0] = 0;\
+        }\
+        if(fname)\
+        {\
+            fname[0] = 0;\
+        }\
+        if(ext)\
+        {\
+            ext[0] = 0;\
+        }\
+        goto done;\
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wsplitpath
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes :
+    This implementation ignores drive letters as they should not be
+    present. If the drive argument is non-NULL, it always returns an empty
+    string.
+    File names in which the only period is at the beginning (like .bashrc, but
+    not .bashrc.bak), the file is treated as having no extension
+    (fname is ".bashrc", ext is "")
+
+--*/
+void
+__cdecl
+_wsplitpath(
+            const wchar_16 *dospath,
+            wchar_16 *drive,
+            wchar_16 *dir,
+            wchar_16 *fname,
+            wchar_16 *ext)
+{
+    WCHAR path[_MAX_PATH+1];
+    LPCWSTR slash_ptr = NULL;
+    LPCWSTR period_ptr = NULL;
+    INT size = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wsplitpath);
+    ENTRY("_wsplitpath (path=%p (%S), drive=%p, dir=%p, fname=%p, ext=%p)\n",
+          dospath?dospath:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          dospath?dospath:W16_NULLSTRING, drive, dir, fname, ext);
+
+    /* Do performance intensive error checking only in debug builds.
+    
+    NOTE: This function must fail predictably across all platforms.
+    Under Windows this function throw an access violation if NULL
+    was passed in as the value for path.
+
+    */
+#if _DEBUG
+    if ( !dospath )
+    {
+        ERROR( "path cannot be NULL!\n" );
+    }
+#endif
+    
+    if( lstrlenW( dospath ) >= _MAX_PATH )
+    {
+        ERROR("Path length is > _MAX_PATH (%d)!\n", _MAX_PATH);
+        ON_ERROR;
+    }
+
+
+    PAL_wcscpy(path, dospath);
+    FILEDosToUnixPathW(path);
+
+    /* no drive letters in the PAL */
+    if( drive != NULL )
+    {
+        drive[0] = 0;
+    }
+
+    /* find last path separator char */
+    slash_ptr = PAL_wcsrchr(path, '/');
+
+    if( slash_ptr == NULL )
+    {
+        TRACE("No path separator in path\n");
+        slash_ptr = path - 1;
+    }
+    /* find extension separator, if any */
+    period_ptr = PAL_wcsrchr(path, '.');
+
+    /* make sure we only consider periods after the last path separator */
+    if( period_ptr < slash_ptr )
+    {
+        period_ptr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* if the only period in the file is a leading period (denoting a hidden
+       file), don't treat what follows as an extension */
+    if( period_ptr == slash_ptr+1 )
+    {
+        period_ptr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if( period_ptr == NULL )
+    {
+        TRACE("No extension in path\n");
+        period_ptr = path + lstrlenW(path);
+    }
+
+    size = slash_ptr - path + 1;
+    if( dir != NULL )
+    {
+        INT i;
+
+        if( (size + 1 ) > _MAX_DIR )
+        {
+            ERROR("Directory component needs %d characters, _MAX_DIR is %d\n",
+                  size+1, _MAX_DIR);
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+        
+        memcpy(dir, path, size*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        dir[size] = 0;
+
+        /* only allow / separators in returned path */
+        i = 0;
+        while( dir[ i ] )
+        {
+            if( dir[ i ] == '\\' )
+            {
+                dir[i]='/';
+            }
+            i++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    size = period_ptr-slash_ptr-1;
+    if( fname != NULL )
+    {
+        if( (size+1) > _MAX_FNAME )
+        {
+            ERROR("Filename component needs %d characters, _MAX_FNAME is %d\n",
+                 size+1, _MAX_FNAME);
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+        memcpy(fname, slash_ptr+1, size*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        fname[size] = 0;
+    }
+
+    size = 1 + lstrlenW( period_ptr );
+    if( ext != NULL )
+    {
+        if( size > _MAX_EXT )
+        {
+            ERROR("Extension component needs %d characters, _MAX_EXT is %d\n",
+                 size, _MAX_EXT);
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+        memcpy(ext, period_ptr, size*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        ext[size-1] = 0;
+    }
+    
+    TRACE("Path components are '%S' '%S' '%S'\n", dir, fname, ext);
+
+done:
+    
+    LOGEXIT("_wsplitpath returns.\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(_wsplitpath);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _splitpath
+
+See description above for _wsplitpath.
+
+--*/
+void
+__cdecl
+_splitpath(
+           const char *path,
+           char *drive,
+           char *dir,
+           char *fname,
+           char *ext)
+{
+    WCHAR w_path[_MAX_PATH];
+    WCHAR w_dir[_MAX_DIR];
+    WCHAR w_fname[_MAX_FNAME];
+    WCHAR w_ext[_MAX_EXT];
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_splitpath);
+    ENTRY("_splitpath (path=%p (%s), drive=%p, dir=%p, fname=%p, ext=%p)\n",
+          path?path:"NULL",
+          path?path:"NULL", drive, dir, fname, ext);
+
+   /* Do performance intensive error checking only in debug builds.
+    
+    NOTE: This function must fail predictably across all platforms.
+    Under Windows this function throw an access violation if NULL
+    was passed in as the value for path.
+    
+    */
+#if _DEBUG
+    if ( !path )
+    {
+        ERROR( "path cannot be NULL!\n" );
+    }
+    
+    if( strlen( path ) >= _MAX_PATH )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Path length is > _MAX_PATH (%d)!\n", _MAX_PATH);
+    }
+#endif    
+
+    /* no drive letters in the PAL */
+    if(drive)
+    {
+        drive[0] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    if(0 == MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, path, -1, w_path, _MAX_PATH))
+    {
+        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed!\n");
+        ON_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* Call up to Unicode version; pass NULL for parameters the caller doesn't
+       care about */
+    _wsplitpath(w_path, NULL, dir?w_dir:NULL, 
+	                fname?w_fname:NULL, ext?w_ext:NULL);
+
+    /* Convert result back to MultiByte; report conversion errors but don't
+       stop because of them */
+
+    if(dir)
+    {
+        if(0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, w_dir, -1, dir, _MAX_DIR,
+                                NULL, NULL))
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n");
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    if(fname)
+    {
+        if(0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, w_fname, -1, fname, _MAX_FNAME,
+                                    NULL, NULL))
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n");
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    if(ext)
+    {
+        if(0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, w_ext, -1, ext, _MAX_EXT,
+                                NULL, NULL))
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n");
+            ON_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("_splitpath returns.\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(_splitpath);
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _makepath
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+void   
+__cdecl 
+_makepath(
+          char *path, 
+          const char *drive, 
+          const char *dir, 
+          const char *fname, 
+          const char *ext)
+{
+    UINT Length = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_makepath);
+    ENTRY( "_makepath (path=%p, drive=%p (%s), dir=%p (%s), fname=%p (%s), ext=%p (%s))\n", 
+           path, drive ? drive:"NULL", drive ? drive:"NULL", dir ? dir:"NULL", dir ? dir:"NULL", fname ? fname:"NULL", fname ? fname:"NULL", 
+           ext ? ext:"NULL", 
+           ext ? ext:"NULL");
+
+    path[ 0 ] = '\0';
+
+    /* According to the pal documentation, host operating systems that
+    don't support drive letters, the "drive" parameter must always be null. */
+    if ( drive != NULL  && drive[0] != '\0' )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "The drive parameter must always be NULL on systems that don't"
+              "support drive letters. drive is being ignored!.\n" );
+    }
+
+    if ( dir != NULL && dir[ 0 ] != '\0' )
+    {
+        UINT DirLength = strlen( dir );
+        Length += DirLength ;
+        
+        if ( Length < _MAX_PATH )
+        {
+            strncat( path, dir, DirLength );
+            if ( dir[ DirLength - 1 ] != '/' && dir[ DirLength - 1 ] != '\\' )
+            {
+                if ( Length + 1 < _MAX_PATH )
+                {
+                    path[ Length ] = '/';
+                    Length++;
+                    path[ Length ] = '\0';
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    goto Max_Path_Error;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            goto Max_Path_Error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( fname != NULL && fname[ 0 ] != '\0' )
+    {
+        UINT fNameLength = strlen( fname );
+        Length += fNameLength;
+        
+        if ( Length < _MAX_PATH )
+        {
+            strncat( path, fname, fNameLength );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            goto Max_Path_Error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( ext != NULL && ext[ 0 ] != '\0' )
+    {
+        UINT ExtLength = strlen( ext );
+        Length += ExtLength;
+        
+        if ( ext[ 0 ] !=  '.' )
+        {
+            /* Add a '.' */
+            if ( Length + 1 < _MAX_PATH )
+            {
+                path[ Length - ExtLength ] = '.';
+                Length++;
+                path[ Length - ExtLength ] = '\0';
+                strncat( path, ext, ExtLength );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                goto Max_Path_Error;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* Already has a '.' */
+            if ( Length < _MAX_PATH )
+            {
+                strncat( path, ext, ExtLength );    
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                goto Max_Path_Error;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( path );
+    LOGEXIT( "_makepath returning void.\n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(_makepath);
+    return;
+
+Max_Path_Error:
+
+    ERROR( "path cannot be greater then _MAX_PATH\n" ); 
+    path[ 0 ] = '\0';
+    LOGEXIT( "_makepath returning void \n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(_makepath);
+    return;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wmakepath
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+void   
+__cdecl 
+_wmakepath(
+          wchar_16 *path, 
+          const wchar_16 *drive, 
+          const wchar_16 *dir, 
+          const wchar_16 *fname, 
+          const wchar_16 *ext)
+{
+    CHAR Dir[ _MAX_DIR ]={0};
+    CHAR FileName[ _MAX_FNAME ]={0};
+    CHAR Ext[ _MAX_EXT ]={0};
+    CHAR Path[ _MAX_PATH ]={0};
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wmakepath);
+    ENTRY("_wmakepath (path=%p, drive=%p (%S), dir=%p (%S), fname=%p (%S), ext=%p (%S))\n",
+          path, drive ? drive:W16_NULLSTRING, drive ? drive:W16_NULLSTRING, dir ? dir:W16_NULLSTRING, dir ? dir:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          fname ? fname:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          fname ? fname:W16_NULLSTRING, ext ? ext:W16_NULLSTRING, ext ? ext:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    /* According to the pal documentation, host operating systems that
+    don't support drive letters, the "drive" parameter must always be null. */
+    if ( drive != NULL  && drive[0] != '\0' )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "The drive parameter must always be NULL on systems that don't"
+              "support drive letters. drive is being ignored!.\n" );
+    }
+
+    if ((dir != NULL) &&  WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, dir, -1, Dir, 
+                                               _MAX_DIR, NULL, NULL ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "An error occurred while converting dir to multibyte."
+               "Possible error: Length of dir is greater than _MAX_DIR.\n" );
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if ((fname != NULL) && WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, fname, -1, FileName,
+                                                _MAX_FNAME, NULL, NULL ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "An error occurred while converting fname to multibyte."
+               "Possible error: Length of fname is greater than _MAX_FNAME.\n" );
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    if ((ext != NULL) && WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, ext, -1, Ext,
+                                              _MAX_EXT, NULL, NULL ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "An error occurred while converting ext to multibyte."
+               "Possible error: Length of ext is greater than _MAX_EXT.\n" );
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    /* Call up to the ANSI _makepath. */
+    _makepath_s( Path, sizeof(Path), NULL, Dir, FileName, Ext );
+
+    if ( MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, Path, -1, path, _MAX_PATH ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "An error occurred while converting the back wide char."
+               "Possible error: The length of combined path is greater "
+               "than _MAX_PATH.\n" );
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("_wmakepath returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(_wmakepath);
+    return;
+
+error:
+    *path = '\0';
+    LOGEXIT("_wmakepath returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(_wmakepath);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _fullpath
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+char *   
+__cdecl 
+_fullpath(
+          char *absPath, 
+          const char *relPath, 
+          size_t maxLength)
+{
+    char realpath_buf[PATH_MAX+1];
+    char path_copy[PATH_MAX+1];
+    char *retval = NULL;
+    DWORD cPathCopy = sizeof(path_copy)/sizeof(path_copy[0]);
+    size_t min_length;
+    BOOL fBufAllocated = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_fullpath);
+    ENTRY("_fullpath (absPath=%p, relPath=%p (%s), maxLength = %lu)\n",
+          absPath, relPath ? relPath:"NULL", relPath ? relPath:"NULL", maxLength);
+    
+    if (strncpy_s(path_copy, sizeof(path_copy), relPath ? relPath : ".", cPathCopy) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        TRACE("_fullpath: strncpy_s failed!\n");
+        goto fullpathExit;
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(path_copy);
+
+    if(NULL == realpath(path_copy, realpath_buf))
+    {
+        ERROR("realpath() failed; problem path is '%s'. errno is %d (%s)\n",
+                realpath_buf, errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto fullpathExit;
+    }   
+
+    TRACE("real path is %s\n", realpath_buf);
+    min_length = strlen(realpath_buf)+1; // +1 for the NULL terminator
+
+    if(NULL == absPath)
+    {
+        absPath = static_cast<char *>(
+            PAL_malloc(_MAX_PATH * sizeof(char)));
+        if (!absPath)
+        {
+            ERROR("PAL_malloc failed with error %d\n", errno);
+            goto fullpathExit;
+        }
+        maxLength = _MAX_PATH;
+        fBufAllocated = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if(min_length > maxLength)
+    {
+        ERROR("maxLength is %lu, we need at least %lu\n",
+                maxLength, min_length);
+        if (fBufAllocated)
+        {
+            PAL_free(absPath);
+            fBufAllocated = FALSE;
+        }
+        goto fullpathExit;
+    }
+
+    strcpy_s(absPath, maxLength, realpath_buf);
+    retval = absPath;
+    
+fullpathExit:
+    LOGEXIT("_fullpath returns char * %p\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(_fullpath);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/printf.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/printf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d9d6e4b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/printf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1758 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    printf.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the printf family functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadsusp.hpp"
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+
+/* <stdarg.h> needs to be included after "palinternal.h" to avoid name
+   collision for va_start and va_end */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+#if SSCANF_SUPPORT_ll
+const static char *scanf_longlongfmt = "ll";
+#else
+const static char *scanf_longlongfmt = "q";
+#endif
+
+#if SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+static int SscanfFloatCheckExponent(LPCSTR buff, LPCSTR floatFmt,
+                                      void * voidPtr, int * pn);
+#endif // SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_AddPaddingA
+
+Parameters:
+  Out
+    - buffer to place padding and given string (In)
+  Count
+    - maximum chars to be copied so as not to overrun given buffer
+  In
+    - string to place into (Out) accompanied with padding
+  Padding
+    - number of padding chars to add
+  Flags
+    - padding style flags (PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS)
+*******************************************************************************/
+BOOL Internal_AddPaddingA(LPSTR *Out, INT Count, LPSTR In,
+                                 INT Padding, INT Flags)
+{
+    LPSTR OutOriginal = *Out;
+    INT PaddingOriginal = Padding;
+    INT LengthInStr;
+    LengthInStr = strlen(In);
+ 
+ 
+    if (Padding < 0)
+    {
+        /* this is used at the bottom to determine if the buffer ran out */
+        PaddingOriginal = 0;
+    }
+    if (Flags & PFF_MINUS) /* pad on right */
+    {
+        if (strncpy_s(*Out, Count, In, min(LengthInStr + 1, Count)) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        *Out += min(LengthInStr, Count);
+    }
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        if (Flags & PFF_ZERO) /* '0', pad with zeros */
+        {
+            while (Padding-- && Count > *Out - OutOriginal)
+            {
+                *(*Out)++ = '0';
+            }
+        }
+        else /* pad left with spaces */
+        {
+            while (Padding-- && Count > *Out - OutOriginal)
+            {
+                *(*Out)++ = ' ';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!(Flags & PFF_MINUS)) /* put 'In' after padding */
+    {
+        if (strncpy_s(*Out, Count, In,
+                min(LengthInStr + 1, Count - (*Out - OutOriginal))) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        *Out += min(LengthInStr, Count - (*Out - OutOriginal));
+    }
+
+    if (LengthInStr + PaddingOriginal > Count)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_printf_arg_remover
+
+Parameters:
+  ap
+    - pointer to the va_list from which to remove arguments
+  Width
+    - the width of the current format operation
+  Precision
+    - the precision of the current format option
+  Type
+    - the type of the argument for the current format option
+  Prefix
+    - the prefix for the current format option
+*******************************************************************************/
+void PAL_printf_arg_remover(va_list *ap, INT Width, INT Precision, INT Type, INT Prefix)
+{
+    /* remove arg and precision if needed */
+    if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+        PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, int);
+    }
+    if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+        WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, int);
+    }
+    if (Type == PFF_TYPE_FLOAT)
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, double);
+    }
+    else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, INT64);
+    }
+    else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT || Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, int);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        (void)va_arg(*ap, void *);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_printf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_printf(
+      const char *format,
+      ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(printf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_printf (format=%p (%s))\n", format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_vprintf(format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_printf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(printf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_fprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_fprintf(PAL_FILE *stream,const char *format,...)
+{
+    LONG Length = 0;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_fprintf(stream=%p,format=%p (%s))\n",stream, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_vfprintf( stream, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_fprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(fprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_wprintf(
+      const wchar_16 *format,
+      ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_wprintf (format=%p (%S))\n", format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_vfwprintf( PAL_get_stdout(PAL_get_caller), format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_wprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(wprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_vprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_vprintf(
+      const char *format,
+      va_list ap)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(vprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_vprintf (format=%p (%s))\n", format, format);
+
+    Length = PAL_vfprintf( PAL_get_stdout(PAL_get_caller), format, ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_vprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(vprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  wsprintfA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPIV
+wsprintfA(
+      OUT LPSTR buffer,
+      IN LPCSTR format,
+      ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wsprintfA);
+    ENTRY("wsprintfA (buffer=%p, format=%p (%s))\n", buffer, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = InternalVsnprintf(CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread(), buffer, 1024, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("wsprintfA returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(wsprintfA);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  wsprintfW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPIV
+wsprintfW(
+      OUT LPWSTR buffer,
+      IN LPCWSTR format,
+      ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wsprintfW);
+    ENTRY("wsprintfW (buffer=%p, format=%p (%S))\n", buffer, format, format);
+	
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL__wvsnprintf(buffer, 1024, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("wsprintfW returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(wsprintfW);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _snprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_snprintf(
+     char *buffer,
+     size_t count,
+     const char *format,
+     ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_snprintf);
+    ENTRY("_snprintf (buffer=%p, count=%lu, format=%p (%s))\n",
+          buffer, (unsigned long) count, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = InternalVsnprintf(CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread(), buffer, count, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_snprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(_snprintf);
+    return Length;
+} 
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _snwprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_snwprintf(
+     wchar_16 *buffer,
+     size_t count,
+     const wchar_16 *format,
+     ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_snwprintf);
+    ENTRY("_snwprintf (buffer=%p, count=%lu, format=%p (%S))\n",
+          buffer, (unsigned long) count, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL__wvsnprintf(buffer, count, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_snwprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(_snwprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  fwprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_fwprintf(
+     PAL_FILE *stream,
+     const wchar_16 *format,
+     ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(fwprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_fwprintf (stream=%p, format=%p (%S))\n", stream, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_vfwprintf( stream, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_fwprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(fwprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_ScanfExtractFormatA
+
+Paramaters:
+  Fmt
+    - format string to parse
+    - first character must be a '%'
+    - paramater gets updated to point to the character after
+      the %<foo> format string
+  Out
+    - buffer will contain the %<foo> format string
+  Store
+    - boolean value representing whether to store the type to be parsed
+    - '*' flag
+  Width
+    - will contain the width specified by the format string
+    - -1 if none given
+  Prefix
+    - an enumeration of the type prefix
+  Type
+    - an enumeration of the value type to be parsed
+
+Notes:
+  - I'm also handling the undocumented %ws, %wc, %w...
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BeginOut,EndOut)                                             \
+    if ((Out)<(BeginOut) || (Out)>=(EndOut))                                                    \
+    {                                                                                           \
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);                                                \
+        ERROR("Pointer Out wanted to access 0x%p. However the range of buffer is [0x%p,0x%p).",\
+                 (Out), (BeginOut), (EndOut));                                                  \
+        return false;                                                                           \
+    }
+
+static BOOL Internal_ScanfExtractFormatA(LPCSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, int iOutSize, LPBOOL Store,
+                                         LPINT Width, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type)
+{
+    BOOL Result = FALSE;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    LPSTR TempStrPtr;
+    LPSTR BaseOut = Out;
+    LPSTR EndOut = Out + iOutSize;
+
+    *Width = -1;
+    *Store = TRUE;
+    *Prefix = -1;
+    *Type = -1;
+
+    if (*Fmt && **Fmt == '%')
+    {
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* we'll never need a temp string longer than the original */
+    TempStrPtr = TempStr = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(strlen(*Fmt)+1);
+    if (!TempStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* parse '*' flag which means don't store */
+    if (**Fmt == '*')
+    {
+        *Store = FALSE;
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+
+    /* grab width specifier */
+    if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+    {
+        TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+        while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        }
+        *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+        *Width = atoi(TempStr);
+        if (*Width < 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            return Result;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* grab prefix of 'I64' for __int64 */
+    if ((*Fmt)[0] == 'I' && (*Fmt)[1] == '6' && (*Fmt)[2] == '4')
+    {
+        /* convert to 'q'/'ll' so Unix sscanf can handle it */
+        *Fmt += 3;
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+    /* grab a prefix of 'h' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'h')
+    {
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT;
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+    /* grab prefix of 'l' or the undocumented 'w' (at least in MSDN) */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'l' || **Fmt == 'w')
+    {
+        ++(*Fmt);
+#ifdef BIT64
+        // Only want to change the prefix on 64 bit when inputing characters.
+        if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 's')
+#endif
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (**Fmt == 'l')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+            ++(*Fmt);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'L')
+    {
+        /* a prefix of 'L' seems to be ignored */
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+
+    /* grab type 'c' */
+    if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 'C')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_CHAR;
+        if (*Prefix != SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'C')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = 'c';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab type 's' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 's' || **Fmt == 'S')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_STRING;
+        if (*Prefix != SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'S')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = 's';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab int types */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'd' || **Fmt == 'i' || **Fmt == 'o' ||
+             **Fmt == 'u' || **Fmt == 'x' || **Fmt == 'X' ||
+             **Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_INT;
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            
+            if (strcpy_s(Out, iOutSize-(Out-BaseOut), scanf_longlongfmt) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcpy_s failed\n");
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            Out += strlen(scanf_longlongfmt);
+        }
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'e' || **Fmt == 'E' || **Fmt == 'f' ||
+             **Fmt == 'g' || **Fmt == 'G')
+    {
+        /* we can safely ignore the prefixes and only add the type*/
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_FLOAT;
+        /* this gets rid of %E/%G since they're they're the
+           same when scanning */
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = tolower( *(*Fmt)++ );
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'n')
+    {
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_N;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == '[')
+    {
+        /* There is a small compatibility problem in the handling of the []
+           option in FreeBSD vs. Windows.  In Windows, you can have [z-a]
+           as well as [a-z].  In FreeBSD, [z-a] fails.  So, we need to 
+           reverse the instances of z-a to a-z (and [m-e] to [e-m], etc). */
+
+        /* step 1 : copy the leading [ */
+        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+        *Out++ = '[';
+        (*Fmt)++;
+
+        /* step 2 : copy a leading ^, if present */
+        if( '^' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = '^';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* step 3 : copy a leading ], if present; a ] immediately after the 
+           leading [ (or [^) does *not* end the sequence, it is part of the 
+           characters to match */
+        if( ']' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = ']';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* step 4 : if the next character is already a '-', it's not part of an 
+           interval specifier, so just copy it */
+        if('-' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+            *Out++ = '-';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* ok then, process the rest of it */
+        while( '\0' != **Fmt ) 
+        {
+            if(']' == **Fmt)
+            {
+                /* ']' marks end of the format specifier; we're done */
+                CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                *Out++ = ']';
+                (*Fmt)++;
+                break;
+            }
+            if('-' == **Fmt)
+            {
+                if( ']' == (*Fmt)[1] )
+                {
+                    /* got a '-', next character is the terminating ']'; 
+                       copy '-' literally */
+                    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                    *Out++ = '-';
+                    (*Fmt)++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* got a '-' indicating an interval specifier */
+                    unsigned char prev, next;
+
+                    /* get the interval boundaries */
+                    prev = (*Fmt)[-1];
+                    next = (*Fmt)[1];
+
+                    /* if boundaries were inverted, replace the already-copied 
+                       low boundary by the 'real' low boundary */
+                    if( prev > next )
+                    {
+                        CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out-1,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                        Out[-1] = next;
+
+                        /* ...and save the 'real' upper boundary, which will be 
+                           copied to 'Out' below */
+                        next = prev;
+                    }
+
+                    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                    *Out++ = '-';
+                    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                    *Out++ = next;
+
+                    /* skip over the '-' and the next character, which we 
+                       already copied */
+                    (*Fmt)+=2;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* plain character; just copy it */
+                CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+                *Out++ = **Fmt;
+                (*Fmt)++;
+            }            
+        }
+
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_BRACKETS;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == ' ')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_SPACE;
+    }
+    
+    /* add %n so we know how far to increment the pointer */
+    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+    *Out++ = '%';
+    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+    *Out++ = 'n';
+
+    CHECK_OUT_IN_ITS_RANGE(Out,BaseOut,EndOut)
+    *Out = 0;  /* end the string */
+    PAL_free(TempStr);
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_ScanfExtractFormatW
+
+  -- see Internal_ScanfExtractFormatA above
+*******************************************************************************/
+static BOOL Internal_ScanfExtractFormatW(LPCWSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, int iOutSize, LPBOOL Store,
+                                         LPINT Width, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type)
+{
+    BOOL Result = FALSE;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    LPSTR TempStrPtr;
+
+    *Width = -1;
+    *Store = TRUE;
+    *Prefix = -1;
+    *Type = -1;
+
+    if (*Fmt && **Fmt == '%')
+    {
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* we'll never need a temp string longer than the original */
+    TempStrPtr = TempStr = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(PAL_wcslen(*Fmt)+1);
+    if (!TempStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* parse '*' flag which means don't store */
+    if (**Fmt == '*')
+    {
+        *Store = FALSE;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+
+    /* grab width specifier */
+    if (isdigit(**Fmt))
+    {
+        TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+        while (isdigit(**Fmt))
+        {
+            *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        }
+        *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+        *Width = atoi(TempStr);
+        if (*Width < 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            return Result;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* grab prefix of 'I64' for __int64 */
+    if ((*Fmt)[0] == 'I' && (*Fmt)[1] == '6' && (*Fmt)[2] == '4')
+    {
+        /* convert to 'q'/'ll' so that Unix sscanf can handle it */
+        *Fmt += 3;
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+    /* grab a prefix of 'h' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'h')
+    {
+        *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT;
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+    /* grab prefix of 'l' or the undocumented 'w' (at least in MSDN) */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'l' || **Fmt == 'w')
+    {
+        ++(*Fmt);
+#ifdef BIT64
+        // Only want to change the prefix on 64 bit when inputing characters.
+        if (**Fmt == 'C' || **Fmt == 'S')
+#endif
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (**Fmt == 'l')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+            ++(*Fmt);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'L')
+    {
+        /* a prefix of 'L' seems to be ignored */
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+
+    /* grab type 'c' */
+    if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 'C')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_CHAR;
+        if (*Prefix != SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'c')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'c';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab type 's' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 's' || **Fmt == 'S')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_STRING;
+        if (*Prefix != SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 's')
+        {
+            *Prefix = SCANF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 's';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab int types */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'd' || **Fmt == 'i' || **Fmt == 'o' ||
+             **Fmt == 'u' || **Fmt == 'x' || **Fmt == 'X' ||
+             **Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_INT;
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            if (strcpy_s(Out, iOutSize, scanf_longlongfmt) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcpy_s failed\n");
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            Out += strlen(scanf_longlongfmt);
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'e' || **Fmt == 'E' || **Fmt == 'f' ||
+             **Fmt == 'g' || **Fmt == 'G')
+    {
+        /* we can safely ignore the prefixes and only add the type*/
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_FLOAT;
+        /* this gets rid of %E/%G since they're they're the
+           same when scanning */
+        *Out++ = tolower( *(*Fmt)++ );
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'n')
+    {
+        if (*Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_N;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == '[')
+    {
+        /* There is a small compatibility problem in the handling of the []
+           option in FreeBSD vs. Windows.  In Windows, you can have [z-a]
+           as well as [a-z].  In FreeBSD, [z-a] fails.  So, we need to 
+           reverse the instances of z-a to a-z (and [m-e] to [e-m], etc). */
+
+        /* step 1 : copy the leading [ */
+        *Out++ = '[';
+        (*Fmt)++;
+
+        /* step 2 : copy a leading ^, if present */
+        if( '^' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            *Out++ = '^';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* step 3 : copy a leading ], if present; a ] immediately after the 
+           leading [ (or [^) does *not* end the sequence, it is part of the 
+           characters to match */
+        if( ']' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            *Out++ = ']';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* step 4 : if the next character is already a '-', it's not part of an 
+           interval specifier, so just copy it */
+        if('-' == **Fmt )
+        {
+            *Out++ = '-';
+            (*Fmt)++;
+        }
+
+        /* ok then, process the rest of it */
+        while( '\0' != **Fmt ) 
+        {
+            if(']' == **Fmt)
+            {
+                /* ']' marks end of the format specifier; we're done */
+                *Out++ = ']';
+                (*Fmt)++;
+                break;
+            }
+            if('-' == **Fmt)
+            {
+                if( ']' == (*Fmt)[1] )
+                {
+                    /* got a '-', next character is the terminating ']'; 
+                       copy '-' literally */
+                    *Out++ = '-';
+                    (*Fmt)++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* got a '-' indicating an interval specifier */
+                    unsigned char prev, next;
+
+                    /* get the interval boundaries */
+                    prev = (*Fmt)[-1];
+                    next = (*Fmt)[1];
+
+                    /* if boundaries were inverted, replace the already-copied 
+                       low boundary by the 'real' low boundary */
+                    if( prev > next )
+                    {
+                        Out[-1] = next;
+
+                        /* ...and save the 'real' upper boundary, which will be 
+                           copied to 'Out' below */
+                        next = prev;
+                    }
+
+                    *Out++ = '-';
+                    *Out++ = next;
+
+                    /* skip over the '-' and the next character, which we 
+                       already copied */
+                    (*Fmt)+=2;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* plain character; just copy it */
+                *Out++ = **Fmt;
+                (*Fmt)++;
+            }            
+        }
+
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_BRACKETS;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == ' ')
+    {
+        *Type = SCANF_TYPE_SPACE;
+    }
+
+    /* add %n so we know how far to increment the pointer */
+    *Out++ = '%';
+    *Out++ = 'n';
+
+    *Out = 0;  /* end the string */
+    PAL_free(TempStr);
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_vsscanf
+
+Parameters:
+  Buffer
+    - buffer to parse values from
+  Format
+    - format string
+  ap
+    - stdarg parameter list
+*******************************************************************************/
+int PAL_vsscanf(LPCSTR Buffer, LPCSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    INT Length = 0;
+    LPCSTR Buff = Buffer;
+    LPCSTR Fmt = Format;
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    BOOL Store;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type = -1;
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (!*Buff && Length == 0)
+        {
+            Length = EOF;
+            break;
+        }
+        /* remove any number of blanks */
+        else if (isspace((unsigned char) *Fmt))
+        {
+            while (isspace((unsigned char) *Buff))
+            {
+                ++Buff;
+            }
+            ++Fmt;
+        }
+        else if (*Fmt == '%' &&
+                 Internal_ScanfExtractFormatA(&Fmt, TempBuff, sizeof(TempBuff), &Store,
+                                              &Width, &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG &&
+                (Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING || Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR))
+            {
+                int len = 0;
+                int res;
+                WCHAR *charPtr = 0;
+
+                /* a single character */
+                if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR && Width == -1)
+                {
+                    len = Width = 1;
+                }
+
+                /* calculate length of string to copy */
+                while (Buff[len] && !isspace((unsigned char) Buff[len]))
+                {
+                    if (Width != -1 && len >= Width)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ++len;
+                }
+
+                if (Store)
+                {
+                    charPtr = va_arg(ap, WCHAR *);
+
+                    res = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, Buff, len,
+                                            charPtr, len);
+                    if (!res)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                            GetLastError());
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING)
+                    {
+                        /* end string */
+                        charPtr[res] = 0;
+                    }
+                    ++Length;
+                }
+                Buff += len;
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes stored into the next arg */
+            else if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = Buff - Buffer;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = Buff - Buffer;
+                }
+            }
+            /* types that sscanf can handle */
+            else
+            {
+                int ret;
+                int n;
+                LPVOID voidPtr = NULL;
+
+                if (Store)
+                {
+                    // sscanf_s requires that if we are trying to read "%s" or "%c" or “%[“, then
+                    // the size of the buffer must follow the buffer we are trying to read into.
+                    voidPtr = va_arg(ap, LPVOID);
+                    unsigned typeLen = 0;
+                    if ((Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING) || (Type == SCANF_TYPE_BRACKETS))
+                    {
+                        // Since this is not a Safe CRT API we don’t really know the size of the destination
+                        // buffer provided by the caller. So we have to assume that the caller has allocated
+                        // enough space to hold either the width specified in the format or the entire input
+                        // string plus ‘\0’. 
+                        typeLen = ((Width > 0) ? Width : strlen(Buffer)) + 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR)
+                    {
+                        // Check whether the format string contains number of characters
+                        // that should be read from the input string.
+                        // Note: ‘\0’ does not get appended in the “%c” case.
+                        typeLen = (Width > 0) ? Width : 1;
+                    }
+
+                    if (typeLen > 0)
+                    {
+                        ret = sscanf_s(Buff, TempBuff, voidPtr, typeLen, &n);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ret = sscanf_s(Buff, TempBuff, voidPtr, &n);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ret = sscanf_s(Buff, TempBuff, &n);
+                }
+
+#if SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+                if ((ret == 0) && (Type == SCANF_TYPE_FLOAT))
+                {
+                    ret = SscanfFloatCheckExponent(Buff, TempBuff, voidPtr, &n);
+                }
+#endif // SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+
+                if (ret > 0)
+                {
+                    Length += ret;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* no match, break scan */
+                    break;
+                }
+                Buff += n;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* grab, but not store */
+            if (*Fmt == *Buff && Type != SCANF_TYPE_SPACE)
+            {
+                ++Fmt;
+                ++Buff;
+            }
+            /* doesn't match, break scan */
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+	
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_wvsscanf
+
+  -- see PAL_vsscanf above
+*******************************************************************************/
+int PAL_wvsscanf(LPCWSTR Buffer, LPCWSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    INT Length = 0;
+    LPCWSTR Buff = Buffer;
+    LPCWSTR Fmt = Format;
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    BOOL Store;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type = -1;
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (!*Buff && Length == 0)
+        {
+            Length = EOF;
+            break;
+        }
+        /* remove any number of blanks */
+        else if (isspace(*Fmt))
+        {
+            while (isspace(*Buff))
+            {
+                ++Buff;
+            }
+            ++Fmt;
+        }
+        else if (*Fmt == '%' &&
+                 Internal_ScanfExtractFormatW(&Fmt, TempBuff, sizeof(TempBuff), &Store,
+                                              &Width, &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_LONG &&
+                (Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING || Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR))
+            {
+                int len = 0;
+                WCHAR *charPtr = 0;
+
+                /* a single character */
+                if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR && Width == -1)
+                {
+                    len = Width = 1;
+                }
+
+                /* calculate length of string to copy */
+                while (Buff[len] && !isspace(Buff[len]))
+                {
+                    if (Width != -1 && len >= Width)
+                    {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    ++len;
+                }
+
+                if (Store)
+                {
+                    int i;
+                    charPtr = va_arg(ap, WCHAR *);
+
+                    for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                    {
+                        charPtr[i] = Buff[i];
+                    }
+                    if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING)
+                    {
+                        /* end string */
+                        charPtr[len] = 0;
+                    }
+                    ++Length;
+                }
+                Buff += len;
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes stored into the next arg */
+            else if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (Prefix == SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = Buff - Buffer;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = Buff - Buffer;
+                }
+            }
+            /* types that sscanf can handle */
+            else
+            {
+                int ret;
+                int n;
+                int size;
+                LPSTR newBuff = 0;
+                LPVOID voidPtr = NULL;
+
+                size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, Buff, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+                if (!size)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                        GetLastError());
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                newBuff = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(size);
+                if (!newBuff)
+                {
+                    ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+                    SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, Buff, size,
+                                           newBuff, size, 0, 0);
+                if (!size)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                        GetLastError());
+                    PAL_free(newBuff);    
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                if (Store)
+                {
+                    if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_BRACKETS)
+                    {
+                        WCHAR *strPtr;
+                        int i;
+
+                        /* add a '*' to %[] --> %*[]  */
+                        i = strlen(TempBuff) + 1;
+                        while (i)
+                        {
+                            /* shift everything right one */
+                            TempBuff[i] = TempBuff[i - 1];
+                            --i;
+                        }
+                        TempBuff[0] = '%';
+                        TempBuff[1] = '*';
+
+                        /* %n doesn't count as a conversion. Since we're 
+                           suppressing conversion of the %[], sscanf will 
+                           always return 0, so we can't use the return value 
+                           to determine success. Set n to 0 before the call; if 
+                           it's still 0 afterwards, we know the call failed */
+                        n = 0;
+                        sscanf_s(newBuff, TempBuff, &n);
+                        if(0 == n)
+                        {
+                            /* sscanf failed, nothing matched. set ret to 0, 
+                               so we know we have to break */
+                            ret = 0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            strPtr = va_arg(ap, WCHAR *);
+                            for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+                            {
+                                strPtr[i] = Buff[i];
+                            }
+                            strPtr[n] = 0; /* end string */
+                            ret = 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        voidPtr = va_arg(ap, LPVOID);
+                        // sscanf_s requires that if we are trying to read "%s" or "%c", then
+                        // the size of the buffer must follow the buffer we are trying to read into.
+                        unsigned typeLen = 0;
+                        if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_STRING)
+                        {
+                            // We don’t really know the size of the destination buffer provided by the
+                            // caller. So we have to assume that the caller has allocated enough space
+                            // to hold either the width specified in the format or the entire input
+                            // string plus ‘\0’. 
+                            typeLen = ((Width > 0) ? Width : PAL_wcslen(Buffer)) + 1;
+                        }
+                        else if (Type == SCANF_TYPE_CHAR)
+                        {
+                            // Check whether the format string contains number of characters
+                            // that should be read from the input string.
+                            // Note: ‘\0’ does not get appended in the “%c” case.
+                            typeLen = (Width > 0) ? Width : 1;
+                        }
+
+                        if (typeLen > 0)
+                        {
+                            ret = sscanf_s(newBuff, TempBuff, voidPtr, typeLen, &n);
+                        }
+                        else
+                            ret = sscanf_s(newBuff, TempBuff, voidPtr, &n);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ret = sscanf_s(newBuff, TempBuff, &n);
+                }
+
+#if SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+                if ((ret == 0) && (Type == SCANF_TYPE_FLOAT))
+                {
+                    ret = SscanfFloatCheckExponent(newBuff, TempBuff, voidPtr, &n);
+                }
+#endif // SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+                
+                PAL_free(newBuff);
+                if (ret > 0)
+                {
+                    Length += ret;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* no match; break scan */
+                    break;
+                }
+                Buff += n;
+            }
+       }
+        else
+        {
+            /* grab, but not store */
+            if (*Fmt == *Buff && Type != SCANF_TYPE_SPACE)
+            {
+                ++Fmt;
+                ++Buff;
+            }
+            /* doesn't match, break scan */
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+	
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_sscanf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_sscanf(
+           const char *buffer,
+           const char *format,
+           ...)
+{
+    int Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(sscanf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_sscanf (buffer=%p (%s), format=%p (%s))\n", buffer, buffer, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_vsscanf(buffer, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_sscanf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(sscanf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_sprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_sprintf(
+          char *buffer,
+          const char *format,
+          ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(sprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_sprintf (buffer=%p, format=%p (%s))\n", buffer, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = InternalVsnprintf(CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread(), buffer, 0x7fffffff, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_sprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(sprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_swprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_swprintf(
+          wchar_16 *buffer,
+          const wchar_16 *format,
+          ...)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(swprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_swprintf (buffer=%p, format=%p (%S))\n", buffer, format, format);
+	
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL__wvsnprintf(buffer, 0x7fffffff, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_swprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(swprintf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_swscanf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_swscanf(
+          const wchar_16 *buffer,
+          const wchar_16 *format,
+          ...)
+{
+    int Length;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(swscanf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_swscanf (buffer=%p (%S), format=%p (%S))\n", buffer, buffer, format, format);
+
+    va_start(ap, format);
+    Length = PAL_wvsscanf(buffer, format, ap);
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_swscanf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(swscanf);
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_vsprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_vsprintf(char *buffer, 
+         const char *format, 
+         va_list argptr)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(vsprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_vsprintf (buffer=%p, format=%p (%s), argptr=%p)\n", 
+          buffer, format, format, argptr);
+
+    Length = InternalVsnprintf(CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread(), buffer, 0x7fffffff, format, argptr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_vsprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(vsprintf);
+
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_vswprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_vswprintf(wchar_16 *buffer, 
+              const wchar_16 *format, 
+              va_list argptr)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(vswprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL_vswprintf (buffer=%p, format=%p (%S), argptr=%p)\n", 
+          buffer, format, format, argptr);
+
+    Length = PAL__wvsnprintf(buffer, 0x7fffffff, format, argptr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_vswprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(vswprintf);
+
+    return Length;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _vsnwprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+_vsnwprintf(wchar_16 *buffer, 
+            size_t count, 
+            const wchar_16 *format, 
+            va_list argptr)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_vsnwprintf);
+    ENTRY("_vsnwprintf (buffer=%p, count=%lu, format=%p (%S), argptr=%p)\n", 
+          buffer, (unsigned long) count, format, format, argptr);
+	
+    Length = PAL__wvsnprintf(buffer, count, format, argptr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_vsnwprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(_vsnwprintf);
+
+    return Length;
+}
+
+#if SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
+/*++
+Function:
+  SscanfFloatCheckExponent
+
+  Parameters:
+  buff:     pointer to the buffer to be parsed; the target float must be at 
+            the beginning of the buffer, except for any number of leading 
+            spaces
+  floatFmt: must be "%e%n" (or "%f%n" or "%g%n")
+  voidptr:  optional pointer to output variable (which should be a float)
+  pn:       pointer to an int to receive the number of bytes parsed.
+  
+  Notes:
+  On some platforms (specifically AIX) sscanf fails to parse a float from 
+  a string such as 12.34e (while it succeeds for e.g. 12.34a). Sscanf 
+  initially interprets the 'e' as the keyword for the beginning of a 
+  10-exponent of a floating point in scientific notation (as in 12.34e5), 
+  but then it fails to parse the actual exponent. At this point sscanf should 
+  be able to fall back on the narrower pattern, and parse the floating point 
+  in common decimal notation (i.e. 12.34). However AIX's sscanf fails to do 
+  so and it does not parse any number.
+  This function checks the given string for a such case and removes
+  the 'e' before parsing the float.
+
+--*/
+
+static int SscanfFloatCheckExponent(LPCSTR buff, LPCSTR floatFmt,
+                                      void * voidPtr, int * pn)
+{
+    int ret = 0;
+    int digits = 0;
+    int points = 0;
+    LPCSTR pos = buff;
+
+    /* skip initial spaces */
+    while (*pos && isspace(*pos))
+        pos++;
+
+    /* go to the end of a float, if there is one */
+    while (*pos)
+    {
+        if (isdigit(*pos))
+            digits++;
+        else if (*pos == '.')
+        {
+            if (++points > 1)
+                break;
+        }
+        else
+            break;
+
+        pos++;
+    }
+
+    /* check if it is something like 12.34e and the trailing 'e' is not 
+       the suffix of a valid exponent of 10, such as 12.34e+5 */
+    if ( digits > 0 && *pos && tolower(*pos) == 'e' &&
+         !( *(pos+1) && 
+            ( isdigit(*(pos+1)) || 
+              ( (*(pos+1) == '+' || *(pos+1) == '-') && isdigit(*(pos+2)) )
+                )
+             )
+        )
+    {
+        CHAR * pLocBuf = (CHAR *)PAL_malloc((pos-buff+1)*sizeof(CHAR));
+        if (pLocBuf)
+        {
+            memcpy(pLocBuf, buff, (pos-buff)*sizeof(CHAR));
+            pLocBuf[pos-buff] = 0;                              
+            if (voidPtr)
+                ret = sscanf_s(pLocBuf, floatFmt, voidPtr, pn);
+            else
+                ret = sscanf_s(pLocBuf, floatFmt, pn);
+            PAL_free (pLocBuf);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif // SSCANF_CANNOT_HANDLE_MISSING_EXPONENT
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/printfcpp.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/printfcpp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ea074a604b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/printfcpp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2556 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    printfcpp.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of suspension safe printf functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+int CoreWvsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPWSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCWSTR Format, va_list ap);
+int CoreVsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list ap);
+int CoreVfprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
+int CoreVfwprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const wchar_16 *format, va_list ap);
+
+extern "C"
+{
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_Convertfwrite
+  This function is a wrapper around fwrite for cases where the buffer has
+  to be converted from WideChar to MultiByte
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static int Internal_Convertfwrite(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, const void *buffer, size_t size, size_t count, FILE *stream, BOOL convert)
+{
+    int ret;
+    int iError = 0;
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    clearerr (stream);
+#endif
+
+    if(convert)
+    {
+        int nsize;
+        LPSTR newBuff = 0;
+        nsize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0,(LPCWSTR)buffer, count, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+        if (!nsize)
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", GetLastError());
+            return -1;
+        }
+        newBuff = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(nsize);
+        if (!newBuff)
+        {
+            ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        nsize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCWSTR)buffer, count, newBuff, nsize, 0, 0);
+        if (!nsize)
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", GetLastError());
+            free(newBuff);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        ret = InternalFwrite(newBuff, 1, count, stream, &iError);
+        if (iError != 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("InternalFwrite did not write the whole buffer. Error is %d\n", iError);
+            free(newBuff);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        free(newBuff);
+   }
+   else
+   {
+        ret = InternalFwrite(buffer, size, count, stream, &iError);
+        if (iError != 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("InternalFwrite did not write the whole buffer. Error is %d\n", iError);
+            return -1;
+        }
+   }
+   return ret;
+
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_ExtractFormatA
+
+Paramaters:
+  Fmt
+    - format string to parse
+    - first character must be a '%'
+    - paramater gets updated to point to the character after
+      the %<foo> format string
+  Out
+    - buffer will contain the %<foo> format string
+  Flags
+    - paramater will be set with the PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS defined above
+  Width
+    - will contain the width specified by the format string
+    - -1 if none given
+  Precision
+    - will contain the precision specified in the format string
+    - -1 if none given
+  Prefix
+    - an enumeration of the type prefix
+  Type
+    - an enumeration of the type value
+
+Notes:
+  - I'm also handling the undocumented %ws, %wc, %w...
+  - %#10x, when we have a width greater than the length (i.e padding) the
+    length of the padding is not consistent with MS's wsprintf
+    (MS adds an extra 2 padding chars, length of "0x")
+  - MS's wsprintf seems to ingore a 'h' prefix for number types
+  - MS's "%p" is different than gcc's
+    e.g. printf("%p", NULL);
+        MS  -->  00000000
+        gcc -->  0x0
+  - the length of the exponent (precision) for floating types is different
+    between MS and gcc
+    e.g. printf("%E", 256.0);
+        MS  -->  2.560000E+002
+        gcc -->  2.560000E+02
+*******************************************************************************/
+BOOL Internal_ExtractFormatA(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPCSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, LPINT Flags,
+    LPINT Width, LPINT Precision, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type)
+{
+    BOOL Result = FALSE;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    LPSTR TempStrPtr;
+
+    *Width = WIDTH_DEFAULT;
+    *Precision = PRECISION_DEFAULT;
+    *Flags = PFF_NONE;
+    *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_DEFAULT;
+    *Type = PFF_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+
+    if (*Fmt && **Fmt == '%')
+    {
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* we'll never need a temp string longer than the original */
+    TempStrPtr = TempStr = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(strlen(*Fmt)+1);
+    if (!TempStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* parse flags */
+    while (**Fmt && (**Fmt == '-' || **Fmt == '+' ||
+           **Fmt == '0' || **Fmt == ' ' || **Fmt == '#'))
+    {
+        switch (**Fmt)
+        {
+        case '-':
+            *Flags |= PFF_MINUS; break;
+        case '+':
+            *Flags |= PFF_PLUS; break;
+        case '0':
+            *Flags |= PFF_ZERO; break;
+        case ' ':
+            *Flags |= PFF_SPACE; break;
+        case '#':
+            *Flags |= PFF_POUND; break;
+        }
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    /* '-' flag negates '0' flag */
+    if ((*Flags & PFF_MINUS) && (*Flags & PFF_ZERO))
+    {
+        *Flags -= PFF_ZERO;
+    }
+
+    /* grab width specifier */
+    if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+    {
+        TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+        while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        }
+        *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+        *Width = atoi(TempStr);
+        if (*Width < 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            return Result;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == '*')
+    {
+        *Width = WIDTH_STAR;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            /* this is an invalid width because we have a * then a number */
+            /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+            *Width = WIDTH_INVALID;
+            while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+               *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* grab precision specifier */
+    if (**Fmt == '.')
+    {
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+            while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+                *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+                *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+            *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+            *Precision = atoi(TempStr);
+            if (*Precision < 0)
+            {
+                ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+                pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Result;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (**Fmt == '*')
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_STAR;
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+                /* this is an invalid precision because we have a .* then a number */
+                /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+                *Precision = PRECISION_INVALID;
+                while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+                {
+                    *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_DOT;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+#endif
+    if ((*Fmt)[0] == 'I')
+    {
+        /* grab prefix of 'I64' for __int64 */
+        if ((*Fmt)[1] == '6' && (*Fmt)[2] == '4')
+        {
+            /* convert to 'll' so that Unix snprintf can handle it */
+            *Fmt += 3;
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+        }
+        /* grab prefix of 'I32' for __int32 */
+        else if ((*Fmt)[1] == '3' && (*Fmt)[2] == '2')
+        {
+            *Fmt += 3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ++(*Fmt);
+    #ifdef BIT64
+            /* convert to 'll' so that Unix snprintf can handle it */
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    #endif
+        }
+    }
+    /* grab a prefix of 'h' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'h')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_SHORT;
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+    /* grab prefix of 'l' or the undocumented 'w' (at least in MSDN) */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'l' || **Fmt == 'w')
+    {
+        ++(*Fmt);
+#ifdef BIT64
+        // Only want to change the prefix on 64 bit when printing characters.
+        if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 's')
+#endif       
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+        if (**Fmt == 'l')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;   
+            ++(*Fmt);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'L')
+    {
+        /* a prefix of 'L' seems to be ignored */
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+
+    /* grab type 'c' */
+    if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 'C')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_CHAR;
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'C')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'c';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab type 's' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 's' || **Fmt == 'S')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_STRING;
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'S')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 's';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab int types */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'd' || **Fmt == 'i' || **Fmt == 'o' ||
+             **Fmt == 'u' || **Fmt == 'x' || **Fmt == 'X')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_INT;
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'e' || **Fmt == 'E' || **Fmt == 'f' ||
+             **Fmt == 'g' || **Fmt == 'G')
+    {
+        /* we can safely ignore the prefixes and only add the type*/
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_FLOAT;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'n')
+    {
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_N;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_P;
+        (*Fmt)++;
+
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 16;
+                *Out++ = '.';
+                *Out++ = '1';
+                *Out++ = '6';
+            }
+            /* native *printf does not support %I64p
+               (actually %llp), so we need to cheat a little bit */
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 8;
+                *Out++ = '.';
+                *Out++ = '8';
+            }
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'X';
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    *Out = 0;  /* end the string */
+    free(TempStr);
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_ExtractFormatW
+
+  -- see Internal_ExtractFormatA above
+*******************************************************************************/
+BOOL Internal_ExtractFormatW(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPCWSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, LPINT Flags,
+    LPINT Width, LPINT Precision, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type)
+{
+    BOOL Result = FALSE;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    LPSTR TempStrPtr;
+
+    *Width = WIDTH_DEFAULT;
+    *Precision = PRECISION_DEFAULT;
+    *Flags = PFF_NONE;
+    *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_DEFAULT;
+    *Type = PFF_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+
+    if (*Fmt && **Fmt == '%')
+    {
+        *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* we'll never need a temp string longer than the original */
+    TempStrPtr = TempStr = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(PAL_wcslen(*Fmt)+1);
+    if (!TempStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* parse flags */
+    while (**Fmt && (**Fmt == '-' || **Fmt == '+' ||
+           **Fmt == '0' || **Fmt == ' ' || **Fmt == '#'))
+    {
+        switch (**Fmt)
+        {
+            case '-':
+                *Flags |= PFF_MINUS; break;
+            case '+':
+                *Flags |= PFF_PLUS; break;
+            case '0':
+                *Flags |= PFF_ZERO; break;
+            case ' ':
+                *Flags |= PFF_SPACE; break;
+            case '#':
+                *Flags |= PFF_POUND; break;
+        }
+            *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    /* '-' flag negates '0' flag */
+    if ((*Flags & PFF_MINUS) && (*Flags & PFF_ZERO))
+    {
+        *Flags -= PFF_ZERO;
+    }
+
+    /* grab width specifier */
+    if (isdigit(**Fmt))
+    {
+        TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+        while (isdigit(**Fmt))
+        {
+            *TempStrPtr++ = (CHAR) **Fmt;
+            *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+        }
+        *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+        *Width = atoi(TempStr);
+        if (*Width < 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            return Result;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == '*')
+    {
+        *Width = WIDTH_STAR;
+        *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit(**Fmt))
+        {
+            /* this is an invalid width because we have a * then a number */
+            /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+            *Width = WIDTH_INVALID;
+            while (isdigit(**Fmt))
+            {
+                *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* grab precision specifier */
+    if (**Fmt == '.')
+    {
+        *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit(**Fmt))
+        {
+            TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+            while (isdigit(**Fmt))
+            {
+                *TempStrPtr++ = (CHAR) **Fmt;
+                *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+            *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+            *Precision = atoi(TempStr);
+            if (*Precision < 0)
+            {
+                ERROR("atoi returned a negative value indicative of an overflow.\n");
+                pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Result;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (**Fmt == '*')
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_STAR;
+            *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+            if (isdigit(**Fmt))
+            {
+                /* this is an invalid precision because we have a .* then a number */
+                /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+                *Precision = PRECISION_INVALID;
+                while (isdigit(**Fmt))
+                {
+                    *Out++ = (CHAR) *(*Fmt)++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_DOT;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+#endif
+    if ((*Fmt)[0] == 'I')
+    {
+        /* grab prefix of 'I64' for __int64 */
+        if ((*Fmt)[1] == '6' && (*Fmt)[2] == '4')
+        {
+            /* convert to 'll' so that Unix snprintf can handle it */
+            *Fmt += 3;
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+        }
+        /* grab prefix of 'I32' for __int32 */
+        else if ((*Fmt)[1] == '3' && (*Fmt)[2] == '2')
+        {
+            *Fmt += 3;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ++(*Fmt);
+    #ifdef BIT64
+            /* convert to 'll' so that Unix snprintf can handle it */
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    #endif
+        }
+    }
+    /* grab a prefix of 'h' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'h')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_SHORT;
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'l' || **Fmt == 'w')
+    {
+        ++(*Fmt);
+ #ifdef BIT64
+        // Only want to change the prefix on 64 bit when printing characters.
+        if (**Fmt == 'C' || **Fmt == 'S')
+#endif   
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W;
+        }
+        if (**Fmt == 'l')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+            ++(*Fmt);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'L')
+    {
+        /* a prefix of 'L' seems to be ignored */
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+
+
+    /* grab type 'c' */
+    if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 'C')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_CHAR;
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'c')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG || *Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'c';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab type 's' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 's' || **Fmt == 'S' )
+    {
+        if ( **Fmt == 'S' )
+        {
+           *Type = PFF_TYPE_WSTRING;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *Type = PFF_TYPE_STRING;
+        }
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 's')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+
+        *Out++ = 's';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab int types */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'd' || **Fmt == 'i' || **Fmt == 'o' ||
+             **Fmt == 'u' || **Fmt == 'x' || **Fmt == 'X')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_INT;
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG || *Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'e' || **Fmt == 'E' || **Fmt == 'f' ||
+             **Fmt == 'g' || **Fmt == 'G')
+    {
+        /* we can safely ignore the prefixes and only add the type*/
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_FLOAT;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'n')
+    {
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_N;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_P;
+        (*Fmt)++;
+
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 16;
+                *Out++ = '.';
+                *Out++ = '1';
+                *Out++ = '6';
+            }
+            /* native *printf does not support %I64p
+               (actually %llp), so we need to cheat a little bit */
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 8;
+                *Out++ = '.';
+                *Out++ = '8';
+            }
+            if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+            {
+                *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+            }
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'X';
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    *Out = 0;  /* end the string */
+    free(TempStr);
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_AddPaddingW
+
+Parameters:
+  Out
+    - buffer to place padding and given string (In)
+  Count
+    - maximum chars to be copied so as not to overrun given buffer
+  In
+    - string to place into (Out) accompanied with padding
+  Padding
+    - number of padding chars to add
+  Flags
+    - padding style flags (PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS)
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+BOOL Internal_AddPaddingW(LPWSTR *Out, INT Count, LPWSTR In, INT Padding, INT Flags)
+{
+    LPWSTR OutOriginal = *Out;
+    INT PaddingOriginal = Padding;
+    INT LengthInStr;
+    LengthInStr = PAL_wcslen(In);
+    
+
+    if (Padding < 0)
+    {
+        /* this is used at the bottom to determine if the buffer ran out */
+        PaddingOriginal = 0;
+    }
+    if (Flags & PFF_MINUS) /* pad on right */
+    {
+        if (wcsncpy_s(*Out, Count, In, min(LengthInStr + 1, Count - 1)) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        *Out += min(LengthInStr, Count - 1);
+    }
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        if (Flags & PFF_ZERO) /* '0', pad with zeros */
+        {
+            while (Padding-- && Count > *Out - OutOriginal)
+            {
+                *(*Out)++ = '0';
+            }
+        }
+        else /* pad left with spaces */
+        {
+            while (Padding-- && Count > *Out - OutOriginal)
+            {
+                *(*Out)++ = ' ';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!(Flags & PFF_MINUS)) /* put 'In' after padding */
+    {
+        if (wcsncpy_s(*Out, Count - (*Out - OutOriginal), In,
+            min(LengthInStr, Count - (*Out - OutOriginal) - 1)) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        *Out += min(LengthInStr, Count - (*Out - OutOriginal) - 1);
+    }
+
+    if (LengthInStr + PaddingOriginal > Count - 1)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf
+
+Parameters:
+  stream
+    - file stream to place padding and given string (In)
+  In
+    - string to place into (Out) accompanied with padding
+  Padding
+    - number of padding chars to add
+  Flags
+    - padding style flags (PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS)
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+INT Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, LPSTR In,
+                                       INT Padding, INT Flags)
+{
+    LPSTR Out;
+    INT LengthInStr;
+    INT Length;
+    LPSTR OutOriginal;
+    INT Written;
+
+    LengthInStr = strlen(In);
+    Length = LengthInStr;
+
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        Length += Padding;
+    }
+    Out = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(Length+1);
+    int iLength = Length+1;
+    if (!Out)
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    OutOriginal = Out;
+
+    if (Flags & PFF_MINUS) /* pad on right */
+    {
+        if (strcpy_s(Out, iLength, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s failed\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            Written = -1;
+            goto Done;
+        }
+
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLength -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        iLength -= Padding;
+        if (Flags & PFF_ZERO) /* '0', pad with zeros */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = '0';
+            }
+        }
+        else /* pad with spaces */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = ' ';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!(Flags & PFF_MINUS)) /* put 'In' after padding */
+    {
+        if (strcpy_s(Out, iLength, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s failed\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            Written = -1;
+            goto Done;
+        }
+
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLength -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    clearerr (stream->bsdFilePtr);
+#endif
+    
+    Written = InternalFwrite(OutOriginal, 1, Length, stream->bsdFilePtr, &stream->PALferrorCode);
+    if (stream->PALferrorCode == PAL_FILE_ERROR)
+    {
+        ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d\n", errno);
+    }
+
+Done:
+    free(OutOriginal);
+
+    return Written;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf
+
+Parameters:
+  stream
+    - file stream to place padding and given string (In)
+  In
+    - string to place into (Out) accompanied with padding
+  Padding
+    - number of padding chars to add
+  Flags
+    - padding style flags (PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS)
+*******************************************************************************/
+static INT Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, LPWSTR In,
+                                       INT Padding, INT Flags,BOOL convert)
+{
+    LPWSTR Out;
+    LPWSTR OutOriginal;
+    INT LengthInStr;
+    INT Length;
+    INT Written = 0;
+
+    LengthInStr = PAL_wcslen(In);
+    Length = LengthInStr;
+
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        Length += Padding;
+    }
+
+    int iLen = (Length+1);
+    Out = (LPWSTR) InternalMalloc(iLen * sizeof(WCHAR));
+    if (!Out)
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    OutOriginal = Out;
+
+    if (Flags & PFF_MINUS) /* pad on right */
+    {
+        if (wcscpy_s(Out, iLen, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("wcscpy_s failed!\n");
+            free(OutOriginal);
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            return -1;
+        }
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLen -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        iLen -= Padding;
+        if (Flags & PFF_ZERO) /* '0', pad with zeros */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = '0';
+            }
+        }
+        else /* pad with spaces */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = ' ';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!(Flags & PFF_MINUS)) /* put 'In' after padding */
+    {
+        if (wcscpy_s(Out, iLen, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("wcscpy_s failed!\n");
+            free(OutOriginal);
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLen -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+
+    if (Length > 0) {
+        Written = Internal_Convertfwrite(pthrCurrent, OutOriginal, sizeof(wchar_16), Length, 
+            (FILE*)(stream->bsdFilePtr), convert);
+
+        if (-1 == Written)
+        {
+            ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d\n", errno);
+        }
+        free(OutOriginal);
+    }
+
+    return Written;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_vsnprintf
+
+Parameters:
+  Buffer
+    - out buffer
+  Count
+    - buffer size
+  Format
+    - format string
+  ap
+    - stdarg parameter list
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl PAL__vsnprintf(LPSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    LONG Length;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL__vsnprintf);
+    ENTRY("PAL__vsnprintf (buffer=%p, count=%d, format=%p (%s), argptr=%p)\n",
+          Buffer, Count, Format, Format, ap);
+
+    Length = CoreVsnprintf(InternalGetCurrentThread(), Buffer, Count, Format, ap);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL__vsnprintf returns int %d\n", Length);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL__vsnprintf);
+
+    return Length;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_wvsnprintf
+
+  -- see PAL_vsnprintf above
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl PAL__wvsnprintf(LPWSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCWSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreWvsnprintf(InternalGetCurrentThread(), Buffer, Count, Format, ap);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_vfprintf
+
+Parameters:
+  stream
+    - out stream
+  Format
+    - format string
+  ap
+    - stdarg parameter list
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl PAL_vfprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreVfprintf(InternalGetCurrentThread(), stream, format, ap);
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_vfwprintf
+
+Parameters:
+  stream
+    - out stream
+  Format
+    - format string
+  ap
+    - stdarg parameter list
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl PAL_vfwprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, const wchar_16 *format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreVfwprintf(InternalGetCurrentThread(), stream, format, ap);
+}
+
+} // end extern "C"
+
+int CorUnix::InternalWvsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPWSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCWSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreWvsnprintf(pthrCurrent, Buffer, Count, Format, ap);
+}
+
+int CorUnix::InternalVsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreVsnprintf(pthrCurrent, Buffer, Count, Format, ap);
+}
+
+int CorUnix::InternalVfprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreVfprintf(pthrCurrent, stream, format, ap);
+}
+
+int CorUnix::InternalVfwprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const wchar_16 *format, va_list ap)
+{
+    return CoreVfwprintf(pthrCurrent, stream, format, ap);
+}
+
+int CoreVfwprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const wchar_16 *format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPCWSTR Fmt = format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr = NULL;
+    LPWSTR WorkingWStr = NULL;
+    WCHAR TempWChar[2];
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT TempInt;
+    BOOL WStrWasMalloced = FALSE;
+    int mbtowcResult;
+    int written=0;
+    int paddingReturnValue;
+    int ret;
+    va_list ap;
+
+    /* fwprintf for now in the PAL is always used on file opened
+       in text mode. In those case the output should be ANSI not Unicode */
+    BOOL textMode = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(vfwprintf);
+    ENTRY("vfwprintf (stream=%p, format=%p (%S))\n",
+          stream, format, format);
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if(*Fmt == '%' &&
+                TRUE == Internal_ExtractFormatW(pthrCurrent, &Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags,
+                                                &Width, &Precision,
+                                                &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (((Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG || Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W) &&
+                 (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING || Type == PFF_TYPE_WSTRING)) ||
+                 (Type == PFF_TYPE_WSTRING && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0))
+            {
+                WStrWasMalloced = FALSE;
+
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING || Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+                {
+                    TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* %lS assumes a LPSTR argument. */
+                    LPSTR s = va_arg(ap, LPSTR );
+                    UINT Length = 0;
+                    Length = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, NULL, 0 );
+                    if ( Length != 0 )
+                    {
+                        TempWStr =
+                            (LPWSTR)InternalMalloc( (Length) * sizeof( WCHAR ) );
+                        if ( TempWStr )
+                        {
+                            WStrWasMalloced = TRUE;
+                            MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, s, -1,
+                                                 TempWStr, Length );
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            ERROR( "InternalMalloc failed.\n" );
+                            LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                            PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ASSERT( "Unable to convert from multibyte "
+                               " to wide char.\n" );
+                        LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                        PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                INT Length = PAL_wcslen(TempWStr);
+                WorkingWStr = (LPWSTR) InternalMalloc((sizeof(WCHAR) * (Length + 1)));
+                if (!WorkingWStr)
+                {
+                    ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    if (WStrWasMalloced)
+                    {
+                        free(TempWStr);
+                    }
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* copy nothing */
+                    *WorkingWStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length)
+                {
+                    if (wcsncpy_s(WorkingWStr, (Length + 1), TempWStr, Precision+1) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf failed\n");
+                        if (WStrWasMalloced)
+                        {
+                            free(TempWStr);
+                        }
+                        free(WorkingWStr);
+                        LOGEXIT("wcsncpy_s failed!\n");
+                        PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return (-1);
+                    }
+
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                /* copy everything */
+                else
+                {
+                    PAL_wcscpy(WorkingWStr, TempWStr);
+                }
+
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                    Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf( pthrCurrent, stream, WorkingWStr,
+                                                 Width - Length,
+                                                 Flags,textMode);
+
+                if (paddingReturnValue == -1)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf failed\n");
+                    if (WStrWasMalloced)
+                    {
+                        free(TempWStr);
+                    }
+                    free(WorkingWStr);
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return (-1);
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+
+                free(WorkingWStr);
+                if (WStrWasMalloced)
+                {
+                    free(TempWStr);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWChar[0] = va_arg(ap, int);
+                TempWChar[1] = 0;
+
+               /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                    Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf(pthrCurrent, stream, TempWChar,
+                                                 Width - 1,
+                                                 Flags,textMode);
+                if (paddingReturnValue == -1)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfwprintf failed\n");
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return(-1);
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = written;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = written;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Types that sprintf can handle.
+
+                /* note: I'm using the wide buffer as a (char *) buffer when I
+                   pass it to sprintf().  After I get the buffer back I make a
+                   backup of the chars copied and then convert them to wide
+                   and place them in the buffer (BufferPtr) */
+
+                // This argument will be limited to 1024 characters.
+                // It should be enough.
+                size_t TEMP_COUNT = 1024;
+                char TempSprintfStrBuffer[1024];
+                char *TempSprintfStrPtr = NULL;
+                char *TempSprintfStr = TempSprintfStrBuffer;
+                LPWSTR TempWideBuffer;
+
+                TempInt = 0;
+                // %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                // so we do the truncation ourselves for some cases.
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert from pointer -> int -> short to avoid warnings.
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short)trunc1;
+                    trunc1 = trunc2;
+                    
+                    TempInt = snprintf(TempSprintfStr, TEMP_COUNT, TempBuff, trunc1);
+                    
+                    if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TEMP_COUNT)
+                    {
+                        if (NULL == (TempSprintfStrPtr = (char*)InternalMalloc(++TempInt)))
+                        {
+                            ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                            LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                            PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        
+                        TempSprintfStr = TempSprintfStrPtr;
+                        snprintf(TempSprintfStr, TempInt, TempBuff, trunc2);
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short) n;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf(TempSprintfStr, TEMP_COUNT, TempBuff, s);
+
+                    if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TEMP_COUNT)
+                    {
+                        if (NULL == (TempSprintfStrPtr = (char*)InternalMalloc(++TempInt)))
+                        {
+                            ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                            LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                            PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        
+                        TempSprintfStr = TempSprintfStrPtr;
+                        snprintf(TempSprintfStr, TempInt, TempBuff, s);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    va_list apcopy;
+
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = vsnprintf(TempSprintfStr, TEMP_COUNT, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+
+                    if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TEMP_COUNT)
+                    {
+                        if (NULL == (TempSprintfStrPtr = (char*)InternalMalloc(++TempInt)))
+                        {
+                            ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                            LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                            PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                            pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                        
+                        TempSprintfStr = TempSprintfStrPtr;
+                        va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                        vsnprintf(TempSprintfStr, TempInt, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                        va_end(apcopy);
+                        PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                mbtowcResult = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0,
+                                                   TempSprintfStr, -1,
+                                                   NULL, 0);
+ 
+                if (mbtowcResult == 0)
+                {
+                    ERROR("MultiByteToWideChar failed\n");
+                    if(TempSprintfStrPtr)
+                    {
+                        free(TempSprintfStrPtr);
+                    }
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                TempWideBuffer = (LPWSTR) InternalMalloc(mbtowcResult*sizeof(WCHAR));
+                if (!TempWideBuffer)
+                {
+                    ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    if(TempSprintfStrPtr)
+                    {
+                        free(TempSprintfStrPtr);
+                    }
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, TempSprintfStr, -1,
+                                    TempWideBuffer, mbtowcResult);
+ 
+                ret = Internal_Convertfwrite(
+                                    pthrCurrent, 
+                                    TempWideBuffer, 
+                                    sizeof(wchar_16), 
+                                    mbtowcResult-1, 
+                                    (FILE*)stream->bsdFilePtr,
+                                    textMode);
+
+                if (-1 == ret)
+                {
+                    ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+                    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                    free(TempWideBuffer);
+                    if(TempSprintfStrPtr)
+                    {
+                        free(TempSprintfStrPtr);
+                    }
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if(TempSprintfStrPtr)
+                {
+                    free(TempSprintfStrPtr);
+                }
+                free(TempWideBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ret = Internal_Convertfwrite(
+                                    pthrCurrent, 
+                                    Fmt++, 
+                                    sizeof(wchar_16), 
+                                    1, 
+                                    (FILE*)stream->bsdFilePtr,
+                                    textMode); /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+            
+            if (-1 == ret)
+            {
+                ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d\n", errno);
+                LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int -1\n");
+                PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+                va_end(ap);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            ++written;
+       }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("vfwprintf returns int %d\n", written);
+    PERF_EXIT(vfwprintf);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return (written);
+}
+
+int CoreVsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    BOOL BufferRanOut = FALSE;
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPSTR BufferPtr = Buffer;
+    LPCSTR Fmt = Format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    WCHAR TempWChar;
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT Length;
+    INT TempInt;
+    int wctombResult;
+    va_list ap;
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (BufferRanOut || (BufferPtr - Buffer) >= static_cast<int>(Count)) //Count is assumed to be in the range of int
+        {
+            BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if(*Fmt == '%' &&
+                TRUE == Internal_ExtractFormatA(pthrCurrent, &Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags,
+                                                &Width, &Precision,
+                                                &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr, -1, 0,
+                                             0, 0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {              
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                          GetLastError());
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempStr = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(Length);
+                if (!TempStr)
+                {        
+                    ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                    pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* copy nothing */
+                    *TempStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length - 1)
+                {
+                    Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr,
+                                                 Precision, TempStr, Length,
+                                                 0, 0);
+                    if (!Length)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempStr);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    TempStr[Length] = 0;
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                /* copy everything */
+                else
+                {
+                    wctombResult = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr, -1,
+                                                       TempStr, Length, 0, 0);
+                    if (!wctombResult)
+                    {               
+                        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempStr);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    --Length; /* exclude null char */
+                }
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   TempStr,
+                                                   Width - Length,
+                                                   Flags);
+
+                free(TempStr);
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                CHAR TempBuffer[5];
+
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWChar = va_arg(ap, int);
+                Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, &TempWChar, 1,
+                                             TempBuffer, sizeof(TempBuffer),
+                                             0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {                
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                          GetLastError());
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempBuffer[Length] = 0;
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   TempBuffer,
+                                                   Width - Length,
+                                                   Flags);
+
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of sprintf don't support 0-padded chars,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char ch[2];
+
+                ch[0] = (char) va_arg(ap, int);
+                ch[1] = '\0';
+                Length = 1;
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                           Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                           ch,
+                                           Width - Length,
+                                           Flags);
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of sprintf don't support 0-padded strings,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char *tempStr;
+
+                tempStr = va_arg(ap, char *);
+                Length = strlen(tempStr);
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                           Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                           tempStr,
+                                           Width - Length,
+                                           Flags);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Types that sprintf can handle
+                size_t TempCount = Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer);
+
+#if !HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT
+                // Limit TempCount to 0x40000000, which is sufficient
+                // for platforms on which snprintf fails for very large
+                // sizes.
+                if (TempCount > 0x40000000)
+                {
+                    TempCount = 0x40000000;
+                }
+#endif  // HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT
+
+                TempInt = 0;
+                // %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                // so we do the truncation ourselves for some cases.
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert from pointer -> int -> short to avoid warnings.
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short) trunc1;
+                    trunc1 = trunc2;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf(BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, trunc1);
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short) n;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf(BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, s);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    va_list apcopy;
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = vsnprintf(BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                }
+
+                if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TempCount) /* buffer not long enough */
+                {
+                    BufferPtr += TempCount;
+                    BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    BufferPtr += TempInt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *BufferPtr++ = *Fmt++; /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (static_cast<int>(Count) > (BufferPtr - Buffer)) //Count is assumed to be in the range of int
+    {
+        *BufferPtr = 0; /* end the string */
+    }
+
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    if (BufferRanOut)
+    {
+        errno = ERANGE;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return BufferPtr - Buffer;
+    }
+}
+
+int CoreWvsnprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, LPWSTR Buffer, size_t Count, LPCWSTR Format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    BOOL BufferRanOut = FALSE;
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPWSTR BufferPtr = Buffer;
+    LPCWSTR Fmt = Format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr = NULL;
+    LPWSTR WorkingWStr = NULL;
+    WCHAR TempWChar[2];
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT TempInt;
+    LPSTR TempNumberBuffer;
+    int mbtowcResult;
+    va_list(ap);
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wvsnprintf);
+    ENTRY("wvsnprintf (buffer=%p, count=%u, format=%p (%S))\n",
+          Buffer, Count, Format, Format);
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (BufferRanOut || (BufferPtr - Buffer) >= static_cast<int>(Count)) //Count is assumed to be in the range of int
+        {
+            BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if(*Fmt == '%' &&
+                TRUE == Internal_ExtractFormatW(pthrCurrent, &Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags,
+                                                &Width, &Precision,
+                                                &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (((Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG || Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W) &&
+                (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING || Type == PFF_TYPE_WSTRING)) ||
+                (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING) ||
+                (Type == PFF_TYPE_WSTRING && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0))
+            {             
+                BOOL needToFree = FALSE;
+
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if ((Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG) ||
+                    Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W)
+                {
+                    TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // %lS and %hs assume an LPSTR argument.
+                    LPSTR s = va_arg(ap, LPSTR );
+                    UINT Length = 0;
+                    Length = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, s, -1, NULL, 0 );
+                    if ( Length != 0 )
+                    {
+                        TempWStr =
+                            (LPWSTR)InternalMalloc((Length + 1 ) * sizeof( WCHAR ) );
+                        if ( TempWStr )
+                        {
+                            needToFree = TRUE;
+                            MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, s, -1,
+                                                 TempWStr, Length );
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {                           
+                            ERROR( "InternalMalloc failed.\n" );
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {                  
+                        ASSERT( "Unable to convert from multibyte "
+                               " to wide char.\n" );    
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                }
+                
+                INT Length = PAL_wcslen(TempWStr);
+                WorkingWStr = (LPWSTR) InternalMalloc(sizeof(WCHAR) * (Length + 1));
+                if (!WorkingWStr)
+                {
+                    ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                    pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    if (needToFree)
+                    {
+                        free(TempWStr);
+                    }
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    // Copy nothing
+                    *WorkingWStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length)
+                {
+                    if (wcsncpy_s(WorkingWStr, (Length + 1), TempWStr, Precision+1) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("CoreWvsnprintf failed\n");
+                        if (needToFree)
+                        {
+                            free(TempWStr);
+                        }
+                        free(WorkingWStr);
+                        LOGEXIT("wcsncpy_s failed!\n");
+                        PERF_EXIT(wvsnprintf);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return (-1);
+                    }
+
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Copy everything
+                    PAL_wcscpy(WorkingWStr, TempWStr);
+                }
+
+                // Add padding if needed.
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingW(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   WorkingWStr,
+                                                   Width - Length,
+                                                   Flags);
+
+                if (needToFree)
+                {
+                    free(TempWStr);
+                }
+                free(WorkingWStr);
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWChar[0] = va_arg(ap, int);
+                TempWChar[1] = 0;
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingW(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   TempWChar,
+                                                   Width - 1,
+                                                   Flags);
+
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Types that sprintf can handle
+
+                /* note: I'm using the wide buffer as a (char *) buffer when I
+                   pass it to sprintf().  After I get the buffer back I make a
+                   backup of the chars copied and then convert them to wide
+                   and place them in the buffer (BufferPtr) */
+                size_t TempCount = Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer);
+                TempInt = 0;
+
+#if !HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT
+                // Limit TempCount to 0x40000000, which is sufficient
+                // for platforms on which snprintf fails for very large
+                // sizes.
+                if (TempCount > 0x40000000)
+                {
+                    TempCount = 0x40000000;
+                }
+#endif  // HAVE_LARGE_SNPRINTF_SUPPORT
+
+                // %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                // so we do the truncation ourselves for some cases.
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert from pointer -> int -> short to avoid warnings.
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short)trunc1;
+                    trunc1 = trunc2;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf((LPSTR)BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, trunc1);
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short) n;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf((LPSTR)BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, s);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    va_list apcopy;
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = vsnprintf((LPSTR) BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                }
+
+                if (TempInt == 0)
+                {
+                    // The argument is "".
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TempCount) /* buffer not long enough */
+                {
+                    TempNumberBuffer = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(TempCount+1);
+                    if (!TempNumberBuffer)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                        errno = ENOMEM;
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    
+                    if (strncpy_s(TempNumberBuffer, TempCount+1, (LPSTR) BufferPtr, TempCount) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("strncpy_s failed!\n");
+                        free(TempNumberBuffer);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    mbtowcResult = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0,
+                                                       TempNumberBuffer,
+                                                       TempCount,
+                                                       BufferPtr, TempCount);
+                    if (!mbtowcResult)
+                    {                 
+                        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempNumberBuffer);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    BufferPtr += TempCount;
+                    BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    TempNumberBuffer = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(TempInt+1);
+                    if (!TempNumberBuffer)
+                    {          
+                        ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    
+                    if (strncpy_s(TempNumberBuffer, TempInt+1, (LPSTR) BufferPtr, TempInt) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("strncpy_s failed!\n");
+                        free(TempNumberBuffer); 
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    mbtowcResult = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0,
+                                                       TempNumberBuffer,
+                                                       TempInt,
+                                                       BufferPtr, TempInt);
+                    if (!mbtowcResult)
+                    {          
+                        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempNumberBuffer); 
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    BufferPtr += TempInt;
+                }
+                free(TempNumberBuffer);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *BufferPtr++ = *Fmt++; /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (static_cast<int>(Count) > (BufferPtr - Buffer)) //Count is assumed to be in the range of int
+    {
+        *BufferPtr = 0; /* end the string */
+    }
+    
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    if (BufferRanOut)
+    {
+        errno = ERANGE;
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return BufferPtr - Buffer;
+    }
+}
+
+int CoreVfprintf(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPCSTR Fmt = format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    WCHAR TempWChar;
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT Length;
+    INT TempInt;
+    int wctombResult;
+    int written = 0;
+    int paddingReturnValue;
+    va_list ap;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(vfprintf);
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+        
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (*Fmt == '%' &&
+            TRUE == Internal_ExtractFormatA(pthrCurrent, &Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags,
+                                            &Width, &Precision,
+                                            &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr, -1, 0,
+                                             0, 0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                        GetLastError());
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempStr = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc(Length);
+                if (!TempStr)
+                {
+                    ERROR("InternalMalloc failed\n");
+                    pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);  
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* copy nothing */
+                    *TempStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length - 1)
+                {
+                    Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr,
+                                                 Precision, TempStr, Length,
+                                                 0, 0);
+                    if (!Length)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempStr);
+                        PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    TempStr[Length] = 0;
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                /* copy everything */
+                else
+                {
+                    wctombResult = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, TempWStr, -1,
+                                                       TempStr, Length, 0, 0);
+                    if (!wctombResult)
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                              GetLastError());
+                        free(TempStr);
+                        PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    --Length; /* exclude null char */
+                }
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                  Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf(pthrCurrent, stream, TempStr,
+                                              Width - Length, Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf failed\n");
+                    free(TempStr);
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);  
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+
+                free(TempStr);
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                CHAR TempBuffer[5];
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+                
+                TempWChar = va_arg(ap, int);
+                Length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, &TempWChar, 1,
+                                             TempBuffer, sizeof(TempBuffer),
+                                             0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+                          GetLastError());
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempBuffer[Length] = 0;
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                  Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf(pthrCurrent, stream, TempBuffer,
+                                              Width - Length, Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf failed\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = written;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = written;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of fprintf don't support 0-padded chars,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char ch[2];
+
+                ch[0] = (char) va_arg(ap, int);
+                ch[1] = '\0';
+                Length = 1;
+                paddingReturnValue = Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf(
+                                                pthrCurrent, 
+                                                stream,
+                                                ch,
+                                                Width - Length,
+                                                Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf failed\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of fprintf don't support 0-padded strings,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char *tempStr;
+
+                tempStr = va_arg(ap, char *);
+                Length = strlen(tempStr);
+                paddingReturnValue = Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf(
+                                                pthrCurrent,
+                                                stream,
+                                                tempStr,
+                                                Width - Length,
+                                                Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf failed\n");
+                    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);    
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Types that fprintf can handle.
+                TempInt = 0;
+
+                // %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                // so we do the truncation ourselves for some cases.
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert from pointer -> int -> short to avoid warnings.
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short)trunc1;
+                    trunc1 = trunc2;
+
+                    TempInt = fprintf(stream->bsdFilePtr, TempBuff, trunc1);
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short) n;
+
+                    TempInt = fprintf( stream->bsdFilePtr, TempBuff, s);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    va_list apcopy;
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = vfprintf(stream->bsdFilePtr, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                }
+
+                if (-1 == TempInt)
+                {
+                    ERROR("vfprintf returned an error\n");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    written += TempInt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+            clearerr (stream->bsdFilePtr);
+#endif
+
+            InternalFwrite(Fmt++, 1, 1, stream->bsdFilePtr, &stream->PALferrorCode); /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+            if (stream->PALferrorCode == PAL_FILE_ERROR)
+            {
+                ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d\n", errno);
+                PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);    
+                va_end(ap);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            ++written;
+        }
+    }
+
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    PERF_EXIT(vfprintf);
+    return written;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/silent_printf.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/silent_printf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1d10963973
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/silent_printf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,990 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    silent_printf.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of a silent version of PAL_vsprintf and PAL_vfprintf function.
+    (without any reference to TRACE/ERROR/... macros, needed by the tracing macros) 
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/locale.h"
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+/* clip strings (%s, %S) at this number of characters */
+#define MAX_STR_LEN 300
+
+static int Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr, int cchWideChar, 
+                                      LPSTR lpMultiByteStr, int cbMultiByte);
+static BOOL Silent_ExtractFormatA(LPCSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, LPINT Flags, LPINT Width,
+                                  LPINT Precision, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type);
+static INT Silent_AddPaddingVfprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, LPSTR In, INT Padding, 
+                                     INT Flags);
+
+static size_t Silent_PAL_wcslen(const wchar_16 *string);
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_vsnprintf (silent version)
+  for more details, see PAL_vsnprintf in printf.c
+*******************************************************************************/
+INT Silent_PAL_vsnprintf(LPSTR Buffer, INT Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    BOOL BufferRanOut = FALSE;
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPSTR BufferPtr = Buffer;
+    LPCSTR Fmt = Format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr;
+    CHAR TempStr[MAX_STR_LEN+1];
+    WCHAR TempWChar;
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT Length;
+    INT TempInt;
+    int wctombResult;
+    va_list ap;
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if ((BufferPtr - Buffer) >= Count)
+        {
+            BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+        else if(*Fmt == '%' &&
+                TRUE == Silent_ExtractFormatA(&Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags,
+                                                &Width, &Precision,
+                                                &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, -1, 0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+
+                /* clip string output to MAX_STR_LEN characters */
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = MAX_STR_LEN;
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* copy nothing */
+                    *TempStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length - 1)
+                {
+                    Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, Precision, 
+                                                        TempStr, Length);
+                    if (!Length)
+                    {
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    TempStr[Length] = 0;
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                /* copy everything */
+                else
+                {
+                    wctombResult = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, -1,
+                                                              TempStr, Length);
+                    if (!wctombResult)
+                    {
+                        PAL_free(TempStr);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    --Length; /* exclude null char */
+                }
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   TempStr,
+                                                   Width - Length,
+                                                   Flags);
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                CHAR TempBuffer[4];
+
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWChar = va_arg(ap, int);
+                Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(&TempWChar, 1, TempBuffer, 4);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempBuffer[Length] = 0;
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                                   Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                                   TempBuffer,
+                                                   Width - Length,
+                                                   Flags);
+
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = BufferPtr - Buffer;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of sprintf don't support 0-padded chars,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char ch[2];
+
+                ch[0] = (char) va_arg(ap, int);
+                ch[1] = '\0';
+                Length = 1;
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                           Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                           ch,
+                                           Width - Length,
+                                           Flags);
+            }
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING && (Flags & PFF_ZERO) != 0)
+            {
+                // Some versions of sprintf don't support 0-padded strings,
+                // so we handle them here.
+                char *tempStr;
+
+                tempStr = va_arg(ap, char *);
+                Length = strlen(tempStr);
+                BufferRanOut = !Internal_AddPaddingA(&BufferPtr,
+                                           Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer),
+                                           tempStr,
+                                           Width - Length,
+                                           Flags);
+            }
+            /* types that sprintf can handle */
+            else
+            {
+                size_t TempCount = Count - (BufferPtr - Buffer);
+
+                TempInt = 0;
+                /* %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                   so lets do the truncation ourselves.  (ptr -> int -> short to avoid
+                   warnings */
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short)trunc1;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf(BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, trunc2);
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short) n;
+
+                    TempInt = snprintf(BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, s);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* limit string output (%s) to 300 characters */
+                    if(TempBuff[0] == '%' && TempBuff[1] == 's')
+                    {
+                        if (strcpy_s(TempBuff, sizeof(TempBuff), "%.300s") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+                        {
+                            va_end(ap);
+                            return -1;
+                        }
+                    }                                     
+                    va_list apcopy;
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = InternalVsnprintf(CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread(), BufferPtr, TempCount, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                }
+
+                if (TempInt < 0 || static_cast<size_t>(TempInt) >= TempCount) /* buffer not long enough */
+                {
+                    BufferPtr += TempCount;
+                    BufferRanOut = TRUE;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    BufferPtr += TempInt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *BufferPtr++ = *Fmt++; /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (Count > (BufferPtr - Buffer))
+    {
+        *BufferPtr = 0; /* end the string */
+    }
+
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    if (BufferRanOut)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return BufferPtr - Buffer;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_vfprintf (silent version)
+
+  for more details, see PAL_vfprintf in printf.c
+--*/
+int Silent_PAL_vfprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list aparg)
+{
+    CHAR TempBuff[1024]; /* used to hold a single %<foo> format string */
+    LPCSTR Fmt = format;
+    LPWSTR TempWStr;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    WCHAR TempWChar;
+    INT Flags;
+    INT Width;
+    INT Precision;
+    INT Prefix;
+    INT Type;
+    INT Length;
+    INT TempInt;
+    int wctombResult;
+    int written = 0;
+    int paddingReturnValue;
+    va_list ap;
+    
+    va_copy(ap, aparg);
+
+    while (*Fmt)
+    {
+        if (*Fmt == '%' &&
+            TRUE == Silent_ExtractFormatA(&Fmt, TempBuff, &Flags, &Width, 
+                                          &Precision, &Prefix, &Type))
+        {
+            if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_STRING)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                else if (PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* both a '*' and a number, ignore, but remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWStr = va_arg(ap, LPWSTR);
+                Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, -1, 0, 0);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempStr = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(Length);
+                if (!TempStr)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_DOT == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* copy nothing */
+                    *TempStr = 0;
+                    Length = 0;
+                }
+                else if (Precision > 0 && Precision < Length - 1)
+                {
+                    Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, Precision, 
+                                                        TempStr, Length);
+                    if (!Length)
+                    {
+                        PAL_free(TempStr);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    TempStr[Length] = 0;
+                    Length = Precision;
+                }
+                /* copy everything */
+                else
+                {
+                    wctombResult = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(TempWStr, -1, 
+                                                              TempStr, Length);
+                    if (!wctombResult)
+                    {
+                        PAL_free(TempStr);
+                        va_end(ap);
+                        return -1;
+                    }
+                    --Length; /* exclude null char */
+                }
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                  Silent_AddPaddingVfprintf(stream, TempStr, Width - Length, Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    PAL_free(TempStr);
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+
+                PAL_free(TempStr);
+            }
+            else if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG && Type == PFF_TYPE_CHAR)
+            {
+                CHAR TempBuffer[4];
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width ||
+                    WIDTH_INVALID == Width)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision ||
+                    PRECISION_INVALID == Precision)
+                {
+                    /* ignore (because it's a char), and remove arg */
+                    TempInt = va_arg(ap, INT); /* value not used */
+                }
+
+                TempWChar = va_arg(ap, int);
+                Length = Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(&TempWChar, 1, TempBuffer, 4);
+                if (!Length)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                TempBuffer[Length] = 0;
+
+                /* do the padding (if needed)*/
+                paddingReturnValue =
+                  Silent_AddPaddingVfprintf(stream, TempBuffer,
+                                              Width - Length, Flags);
+                if (-1 == paddingReturnValue)
+                {
+                    va_end(ap);
+                    return -1;
+                }
+                written += paddingReturnValue;
+
+            }
+            /* this places the number of bytes written to the buffer in the
+               next arg */
+            else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_N)
+            {
+                if (WIDTH_STAR == Width)
+                {
+                    Width = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+                if (PRECISION_STAR == Precision)
+                {
+                    Precision = va_arg(ap, INT);
+                }
+
+                if (Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, short *)) = written;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *(va_arg(ap, LPLONG)) = written;
+                }
+            }
+            /* types that sprintf can handle */
+            else
+            {
+                TempInt = 0;
+
+                /* %h (short) doesn't seem to be handled properly by local sprintf,
+                   so lets do the truncation ourselves.  (ptr -> int -> short to avoid
+                   warnings */
+                if (Type == PFF_TYPE_P && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    long trunc1;
+                    short trunc2;
+
+                    trunc1 = va_arg(ap, LONG);
+                    trunc2 = (short)trunc1;
+
+                    TempInt = fprintf((FILE*)stream, TempBuff, trunc2);
+                }
+                else if (Type == PFF_TYPE_INT && Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+                {
+                    // Convert explicitly from int to short to get
+                    // correct sign extension for shorts on all systems.
+                    int n;
+                    short s;
+
+                    n = va_arg(ap, int);
+                    s = (short)n;
+
+                    TempInt = fprintf((FILE*)stream, TempBuff, s);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    va_list apcopy;
+                    va_copy(apcopy, ap);
+                    TempInt = PAL_vfprintf(stream, TempBuff, apcopy);
+                    va_end(apcopy);
+                    PAL_printf_arg_remover(&ap, Width, Precision, Type, Prefix);
+                }
+
+                if (-1 != TempInt)
+                {
+                    written += TempInt;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+            clearerr((FILE*)stream);
+#endif
+
+            PAL_fwrite(Fmt++, 1, 1, stream); /* copy regular chars into buffer */
+            if (stream->PALferrorCode == PAL_FILE_ERROR)
+            {
+                va_end(ap);
+                return -1;
+            }
+            ++written;
+        }
+    }
+
+    va_end(ap);
+    return written;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WideCharToMultiByte (reduced and silent version)
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int Silent_WideCharToMultiByte(LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr, int cchWideChar,
+                               LPSTR lpMultiByteStr, int cbMultiByte)
+{
+    INT retval =0;
+
+    if ((lpWideCharStr == NULL)||
+        (lpWideCharStr == (LPCWSTR) lpMultiByteStr))
+    {
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (cchWideChar == -1)
+    {
+        cchWideChar = Silent_PAL_wcslen(lpWideCharStr) + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (cbMultiByte == 0)
+    {
+        retval = cchWideChar;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    else if(cbMultiByte < cchWideChar)
+    {
+        retval = 0;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    retval = cchWideChar;
+    while(cchWideChar > 0)
+    {
+        if(*lpWideCharStr > 255)
+        {
+            *lpMultiByteStr = '?';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *lpMultiByteStr = (unsigned char)*lpWideCharStr;
+        }
+        lpMultiByteStr++;
+        lpWideCharStr++;
+        cchWideChar--;
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_ExtractFormatA (silent version)
+  
+  see Internal_ExtractFormatA function in printf.c
+*******************************************************************************/
+BOOL Silent_ExtractFormatA(LPCSTR *Fmt, LPSTR Out, LPINT Flags, LPINT Width, LPINT Precision, LPINT Prefix, LPINT Type)
+{
+    BOOL Result = FALSE;
+    LPSTR TempStr;
+    LPSTR TempStrPtr;
+
+    *Width = WIDTH_DEFAULT;
+    *Precision = PRECISION_DEFAULT;
+    *Flags = PFF_NONE;
+    *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_DEFAULT;
+    *Type = PFF_TYPE_DEFAULT;
+
+    if (*Fmt && **Fmt == '%')
+    {
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* we'll never need a temp string longer than the original */
+    TempStrPtr = TempStr = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(strlen(*Fmt)+1);
+    if (!TempStr)
+    {
+        return Result;
+    }
+
+    /* parse flags */
+    while (**Fmt && (**Fmt == '-' || **Fmt == '+' ||
+           **Fmt == '0' || **Fmt == ' ' || **Fmt == '#'))
+    {
+        switch (**Fmt)
+        {
+        case '-':
+            *Flags |= PFF_MINUS; break;
+        case '+':
+            *Flags |= PFF_PLUS; break;
+        case '0':
+            *Flags |= PFF_ZERO; break;
+        case ' ':
+            *Flags |= PFF_SPACE; break;
+        case '#':
+            *Flags |= PFF_POUND; break;
+        }
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+    }
+    /* '-' flag negates '0' flag */
+    if ((*Flags & PFF_MINUS) && (*Flags & PFF_ZERO))
+    {
+        *Flags -= PFF_ZERO;
+    }
+
+    /* grab width specifier */
+    if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+    {
+        TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+        while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        }
+        *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+        *Width = atoi(TempStr);
+        if (*Width < 0)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            return Result;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == '*')
+    {
+        *Width = WIDTH_STAR;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            /* this is an invalid width because we have a * then a number */
+            /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+            *Width = WIDTH_INVALID;
+            while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+               *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    /* grab precision specifier */
+    if (**Fmt == '.')
+    {
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+        {
+            TempStrPtr = TempStr;
+            while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+                *TempStrPtr++ = **Fmt;
+                *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            }
+            *TempStrPtr = 0; /* end string */
+            *Precision = atoi(TempStr);
+            if (*Precision < 0)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                return Result;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (**Fmt == '*')
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_STAR;
+            *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+            if (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+            {
+                /* this is an invalid precision because we have a .* then a
+                   number */
+                /* printf handles this by just printing the whole string */
+                *Precision = PRECISION_INVALID;
+                while (isdigit((unsigned char) **Fmt))
+                {
+                    *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *Precision = PRECISION_DOT;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+#endif
+    /* grab prefix of 'I64' for __int64 */
+    if ((*Fmt)[0] == 'I' && (*Fmt)[1] == '6' && (*Fmt)[2] == '4')
+    {
+        /* convert to 'll' so BSD's snprintf can handle it */
+        *Fmt += 3;
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG;
+    }
+    /* grab a prefix of 'h' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'h')
+    {
+        *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_SHORT;
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+    /* grab prefix of 'l' or the undocumented 'w' (at least in MSDN) */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'l' || **Fmt == 'w')
+    {
+        ++(*Fmt);
+#ifdef BIT64
+        // Only want to change the prefix on 64 bit when printing characters.
+        if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 's')
+#endif       
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'L')
+    {
+        /* a prefix of 'L' seems to be ignored */
+        ++(*Fmt);
+    }
+
+    /* grab type 'c' */
+    if (**Fmt == 'c' || **Fmt == 'C')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_CHAR;
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'C')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 'c';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab type 's' */
+    else if (**Fmt == 's' || **Fmt == 'S')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_STRING;
+        if (*Prefix != PFF_PREFIX_SHORT && **Fmt == 'S')
+        {
+            *Prefix = PFF_PREFIX_LONG; /* give it a wide prefix */
+        }
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = 's';
+        ++(*Fmt);
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    /* grab int types types */
+    else if (**Fmt == 'd' || **Fmt == 'i' || **Fmt == 'o' ||
+             **Fmt == 'u' || **Fmt == 'x' || **Fmt == 'X')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_INT;
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        else if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+            *Out++ = 'l';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'e' || **Fmt == 'E' || **Fmt == 'f' ||
+             **Fmt == 'g' || **Fmt == 'G')
+    {
+        /* we can safely ignore the prefixes and only add the type*/
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_FLOAT;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'n')
+    {
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_SHORT)
+        {
+            *Out++ = 'h';
+        }
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_N;
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else if (**Fmt == 'p')
+    {
+        *Type = PFF_TYPE_P;
+        *Out++ = *(*Fmt)++;
+
+        if (*Prefix == PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG)
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 16;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (*Precision == PRECISION_DEFAULT)
+            {
+                *Precision = 8;
+            }
+        }
+        Result = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    *Out = 0;  /* end the string */
+    PAL_free(TempStr);
+    return Result;
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  AddPaddingVfprintf (silent version)
+    see Internal_AddPaddingVfprintf in printf.c
+*******************************************************************************/
+INT Silent_AddPaddingVfprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, LPSTR In, INT Padding, INT Flags)
+{
+    LPSTR Out;
+    INT LengthInStr;
+    INT Length;
+    LPSTR OutOriginal;
+    INT Written;
+
+    LengthInStr = strlen(In);
+    Length = LengthInStr;
+
+
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        Length += Padding;
+    }
+    Out = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(Length+1);
+    int iLen = Length+1;
+    if (!Out)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    OutOriginal = Out;
+
+    if (Flags & PFF_MINUS) /* pad on right */
+    {
+        if (strcpy_s(Out, iLen, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            Written = -1;
+            goto Done;
+        }
+
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLen -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+    if (Padding > 0)
+    {
+        iLen -= Padding;
+        if (Flags & PFF_ZERO) /* '0', pad with zeros */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = '0';
+            }
+        }
+        else /* pad with spaces */
+        {
+            while (Padding--)
+            {
+                *Out++ = ' ';
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!(Flags & PFF_MINUS)) /* put 'In' after padding */
+    {
+        if (strcpy_s(Out, Length+1, In) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            Written = -1;
+            goto Done;
+        }
+
+        Out += LengthInStr;
+        iLen -= LengthInStr;
+    }
+
+#if FILE_OPS_CHECK_FERROR_OF_PREVIOUS_CALL
+    clearerr((FILE*)stream);
+#endif
+
+    Written = PAL_fwrite(OutOriginal, 1, Length, stream);
+    if (stream->PALferrorCode == PAL_FILE_ERROR)
+    {
+        Written = -1;
+    }
+
+Done:
+    PAL_free(OutOriginal);
+    return Written;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcslen (silent version)
+
+See MSDN or the man page for wcslen.
+
+--*/
+size_t Silent_PAL_wcslen(const wchar_16 *string)
+{
+    size_t nChar = 0;
+
+    if ( !string )
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    while (*string++)
+    {
+        nChar++;
+    }    
+    
+    return nChar;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/string.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/string.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..23781d8b39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/string.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,348 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    string.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the string functions in the C runtime library that are Windows specific.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _strnicmp
+
+compare at most count characters from two strings, ignoring case
+
+The strnicmp() function compares, with case insensitivity, at most count
+characters from s1 to s2. All uppercase characters from s1 and s2 are 
+mapped to lowercase for the purposes of doing the comparison.
+
+Returns:
+
+Value Meaning
+
+< 0   s1 is less than s2 
+0     s1 is equal to s2 
+> 0   s1 is greater than s2
+
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl
+_strnicmp( const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t count )
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_strnicmp);
+    ENTRY("_strnicmp (s1=%p (%s), s2=%p (%s), count=%d)\n", s1?s1:"NULL", s1?s1:"NULL", s2?s2:"NULL", s2?s2:"NULL", count);
+
+    ret = strncasecmp(s1, s2, count );
+
+    LOGEXIT("_strnicmp returning int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_strnicmp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _stricmp
+
+compare two strings, ignoring case
+
+The stricmp() function compares, with case insensitivity, the string
+pointed to by s1 to the string pointed to by s2. All uppercase
+characters from s1 and s2 are mapped to lowercase for the purposes of
+doing the comparison.
+
+Returns:
+
+Value Meaning
+
+< 0   s1 is less than s2 
+0     s1 is equal to s2 
+> 0   s1 is greater than s2
+
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl
+_stricmp(
+         const char *s1, 
+         const char *s2)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_stricmp);
+    ENTRY("_stricmp (s1=%p (%s), s2=%p (%s))\n", s1?s1:"NULL", s1?s1:"NULL", s2?s2:"NULL", s2?s2:"NULL");
+
+    ret = strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_stricmp returning int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_stricmp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _strlwr
+
+Convert a string to lowercase.
+
+
+This function returns a pointer to the converted string. Because the
+modification is done in place, the pointer returned is the same as the
+pointer passed as the input argument. No return value is reserved to
+indicate an error.
+
+Parameter
+
+string  Null-terminated string to convert to lowercase
+
+Remarks
+
+The _strlwr function converts any uppercase letters in string to
+lowercase as determined by the LC_CTYPE category setting of the
+current locale. Other characters are not affected. For more
+information on LC_CTYPE, see setlocale.
+
+--*/
+char *  
+__cdecl
+_strlwr(
+        char *str)
+{
+    char *orig = str;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_strlwr);
+    ENTRY("_strlwr (str=%p (%s))\n", str?str:"NULL", str?str:"NULL");
+
+    while (*str)
+    {
+        *str = tolower(*str);
+        str++;
+    } 
+   
+    LOGEXIT("_strlwr returning char* %p (%s)\n", orig?orig:"NULL", orig?orig:"NULL");
+    PERF_EXIT(_strlwr);
+    return orig;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _swab
+
+Swaps bytes.
+
+Return Value
+
+None
+
+Parameters
+
+src        Data to be copied and swapped
+dest       Storage location for swapped data
+n          Number of bytes to be copied and swapped
+
+Remarks
+
+The _swab function copies n bytes from src, swaps each pair of
+adjacent bytes, and stores the result at dest. The integer n should be
+an even number to allow for swapping. _swab is typically used to
+prepare binary data for transfer to a machine that uses a different
+byte order.
+
+Example
+
+char from[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
+char   to[] = "..........................";
+
+printf("Before:\n%s\n%s\n\n", from, to);
+_swab(from, to, strlen(from));
+printf("After:\n%s\n%s\n\n", from, to);
+
+Before:
+ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
+..........................
+
+After:
+ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
+BADCFEHGJILKNMPORQTSVUXWZY
+
+--*/
+void
+__cdecl
+_swab(char *src, char *dest, int n)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(_swab);
+    ENTRY("_swab (src=%p (%s), dest=%p (%s), n=%d)\n", src?src:"NULL", src?src:"NULL", dest?dest:"NULL", dest?dest:"NULL", n);
+    swab(src, dest, n);
+    LOGEXIT("_swab returning\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(_swab);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_strtoul
+
+Convert string to an unsigned long-integer value.
+
+Return Value
+
+strtoul returns the converted value, if any, or ULONG_MAX on
+overflow. It returns 0 if no conversion can be performed. errno is
+set to ERANGE if overflow or underflow occurs.
+
+Parameters
+
+szNumber  Null-terminated string to convert to a ULONG
+pszEnd          Pointer to character that stops scan
+nBase           Number base to use
+
+Remarks
+
+strtoul stops reading the string szNumber at the first character it cannot
+recognize as part of a number. This may be the terminating null
+character, or it may be the first numeric character greater than or
+equal to base. The LC_NUMERIC category setting of the current locale
+determines recognition of the radix character in szNumber; for more
+information, see setlocale. If pszEnd is not NULL, a pointer to the
+character that stopped the scan is stored at the location pointed to
+by pszEnd. If no conversion can be performed (no valid digits were
+found or an invalid base was specified), the value of szNumber is stored
+at the location pointed to by pszEnd.
+
+Notes :
+    MSDN states that only space and tab are accepted as leading whitespace, but
+    tests indicate that other whitespace characters (newline, carriage return,
+    etc) are also accepted. This matches the behavior on Unix systems.
+
+    For strtoul, we need to check if the value to be returned 
+    is outside the 32 bit range. If so, the returned value needs to be set
+    as appropriate, according to the MSDN pages and in all instances errno 
+    must be set to ERANGE (The one exception is converting a string 
+    representing a negative value to unsigned long).
+    Note that on 64 bit Windows, long's are still 32 bit. Thus, to match
+    Windows behavior, we must return long's in the 32 bit range.
+    --*/
+
+/* The use of ULONG is by design, to ensure that a 32 bit value is always 
+returned from this function. If "unsigned long" is used instead of ULONG,
+then a 64 bit value could be returned on 64 bit platforms like HP-UX, thus
+breaking Windows behavior. */
+ULONG 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_strtoul(const char *szNumber, char **pszEnd, int nBase)
+{
+    unsigned long ulResult;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(strtoul);
+    ENTRY("strtoul (szNumber=%p (%s), pszEnd=%p, nBase=%d)\n", 
+        szNumber?szNumber:"NULL", 
+        szNumber?szNumber:"NULL",
+        pszEnd, 
+        nBase);
+
+    ulResult = strtoul(szNumber, pszEnd, nBase);
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (ulResult > _UI32_MAX)
+    {
+        char ch = *szNumber;
+        while (isspace(ch))
+        {
+	    ch = *szNumber++;
+        }
+        /* If the string represents a positive number that is greater than 
+            _UI32_MAX, set errno to ERANGE. Otherwise, don't set errno
+            to match Windows behavior. */
+        if (ch != '-')
+        {
+            ulResult = _UI32_MAX;
+            errno = ERANGE;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    LOGEXIT("strtoul returning unsigned long %lu\n", ulResult);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcstoul);
+    
+    /* When returning unsigned long res from this function, it will be 
+        implicitly cast to ULONG. This handles situations where a string that
+        represents a negative number is passed in to strtoul. The Windows
+        behavior is analogous to taking the binary equivalent of the negative
+        value and treating it as a positive number. Returning a ULONG from
+        this function, as opposed to native unsigned long, allows us to match
+        this behavior. The explicit cast to ULONG below is used to silence any
+        potential warnings due to the implicit casting.  */    
+    return (ULONG)ulResult;
+    
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_atol
+
+Convert string to a long value.
+
+Return Value
+
+atol returns the converted value, if any. In the case of overflow, 
+the return value is undefined.
+
+Parameters
+
+szNumber  Null-terminated string to convert to a LONG
+--*/
+
+/* The use of LONG is by design, to ensure that a 32 bit value is always 
+returned from this function. If "long" is used instead of LONG, then a 64 bit 
+value could be returned on 64 bit platforms like HP-UX, thus breaking 
+Windows behavior. */
+LONG 
+__cdecl
+PAL_atol(const char *szNumber)
+{
+    long lResult;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(atol);
+    ENTRY("atol (szNumber=%p (%s))\n", 
+        szNumber?szNumber:"NULL"
+        );
+    
+    lResult = atol(szNumber);
+
+    LOGEXIT("atol returning long %ld\n", (LONG)lResult);
+    PERF_EXIT(atol);
+    /* This explicit cast to LONG is used to silence any potential warnings
+        due to implicitly casting the native long lResult to LONG when returning. */
+    return (LONG)lResult;
+    
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/stringtls.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/stringtls.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1504813f91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/stringtls.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    stringtls.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the string functions in the C runtime library that
+    are Windows specific and depend on per-thread data
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+   PAL_strtok
+
+Finds the next token in a string.
+
+Return value:
+
+A pointer to the next token found in strToken.  Returns NULL when no more 
+tokens are found.  Each call modifies strToken by substituting a NULL 
+character for each delimiter that is encountered.
+
+Parameters:
+strToken        String cotaining token(s)
+strDelimit      Set of delimiter characters
+
+Remarks:
+In FreeBSD, strtok is not re-entrant, strtok_r is.  It manages re-entrancy 
+by using a passed-in context pointer (which will be stored in thread local
+storage)  According to the strtok MSDN documentation, "Calling these functions
+simultaneously from multiple threads does not have undesirable effects", so
+we need to use strtok_r.
+--*/
+char *
+__cdecl
+PAL_strtok(char *strToken, const char *strDelimit)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    char *retval=NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(strtok);
+    ENTRY("strtok (strToken=%p (%s), strDelimit=%p (%s))\n", 
+          strToken?strToken:"NULL", 
+          strToken?strToken:"NULL", strDelimit?strDelimit:"NULL", strDelimit?strDelimit:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    retval = strtok_r(strToken, strDelimit, &pThread->crtInfo.strtokContext);
+ 
+    LOGEXIT("strtok returns %p (%s)\n", retval?retval:"NULL", retval?retval:"NULL");
+    PERF_EXIT(strtok);
+    
+    return retval;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/thread.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/thread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c96b1b511
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/thread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    thread.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the threads/process functions in the C runtime library
+    that are Windows specific.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+void
+PAL_exit(int status)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(exit);
+    ENTRY ("exit(status=%d)\n", status);
+
+    /* should also clean up any resources allocated by pal/cruntime, if any */
+    ExitProcess(status);
+
+    LOGEXIT ("exit returns void");
+    PERF_EXIT(exit);
+}
+
+int
+PAL_atexit(void (__cdecl *function)(void))
+{
+    int ret;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(atexit);
+    ENTRY ("atexit(function=%p)\n", function);
+    ret = atexit(function);
+    LOGEXIT ("atexit returns int %d", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(atexit);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchar.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchar.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2d244a639f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchar.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1885 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    wchar.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of wide char string functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/unicode_data.h"
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadsusp.hpp"
+
+
+#if HAVE_CONFIG_H
+#include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+#define CF_EXCLUDE_CSTD_HEADERS
+#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+#include <wctype.h>
+#else
+#include <wctype.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  wtolower (internal)
+
+16-bit wide character version of the ANSI tolower() function.
+
+  --*/
+static
+wchar_16
+wtolower(wchar_16 c)
+{
+    /* Note: Surrogate pairs unicode character are not supported */
+
+#if HAVE_TOWLOWER
+
+    wchar_t w;
+    w = (wchar_t) c;
+    w = towlower(w);
+    return (wchar_16) w;
+
+#else
+
+    return PAL_towlower(c);
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_i64tow
+
+Parameters:
+  value
+    - INT64 value to be converted to a string
+  string
+    - out buffer to place interger string
+  radix
+    - numeric base to convert to
+  isI64
+    - TRUE if value is INT64, FALSE if value is a long
+
+Note:
+  - only a radix of ten (and value < 0) will result in a negative
+    sign in the output buffer
+*******************************************************************************/
+LPWSTR Internal_i64tow(INT64 value, LPWSTR string, int radix, BOOL isI64)
+{
+    int length = 0;
+    int n;
+    int r;
+    UINT64 uval = value;
+    LPWSTR stringPtr = string;
+    int start = 0;
+    int end;
+    WCHAR tempCh;
+
+    if (radix < 2 || radix > 36)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Invalid radix, radix must be between 2 and 36\n" );
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return string;
+    }
+    if (FALSE == isI64)
+    {
+        uval = (ULONG) uval;
+    }
+    if (10 == radix && value < 0)
+    {
+        uval = value * -1;
+    }
+    if(0 == uval)
+    {
+        ++length;
+        *stringPtr++ = '0';
+    }
+    else while (uval > 0)
+    {
+        ++length;
+        n = uval / radix;
+        r = uval - (n * radix);
+        uval /= radix;
+        if (r > 9)
+        {
+            *stringPtr++ = r + 87;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *stringPtr++ = r + 48;
+        }
+    }
+    if (10 == radix && value < 0)
+    {
+        *stringPtr++ = '-';
+        ++length;
+    }
+    *stringPtr = 0; /* end the string */
+
+    /* reverse the string */
+    end = length - 1;
+    while (start < end)
+    {
+        tempCh = string[start];
+        string[start] = string[end];
+        string[end] = tempCh;
+        ++start;
+        --end;
+    }
+
+    return string;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  _itow
+
+16-bit wide character version of the ANSI tolower() function.
+
+  --*/
+wchar_16 *
+__cdecl
+_itow(
+    int value,
+    wchar_16 *string,
+    int radix)
+{
+    wchar_16 *ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_itow);
+    ENTRY("_itow (value=%d, string=%p, radix=%d)\n",
+          value, string, radix);
+
+    ret = Internal_i64tow(value, string, radix, FALSE);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_itow returns wchar_t* %p\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_itow);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  _i64tow
+
+See MSDN doc
+--*/
+wchar_16 *
+ __cdecl 
+_i64tow(
+    __int64 value, 
+    wchar_16 *string, 
+    int radix)
+{
+    wchar_16 *ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_i64tow);
+    ENTRY("_i64tow (value=%ld, string=%p, radix=%d)\n",
+          value, string, radix);
+
+    ret = Internal_i64tow(value, string, radix, TRUE);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_i64tow returns wchar_t* %p\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_i64tow);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  _wtoi
+
+See MSDN doc
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_wtoi(
+    const wchar_16 *string)
+{
+    int len;
+    int ret;
+    char *tempStr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wtoi);
+    ENTRY("_wtoi (string=%p)\n", string);
+
+    len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, string, -1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (!len)
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+              GetLastError());
+        return -1;
+    }
+    tempStr = (char *) PAL_malloc(len);
+    if (!tempStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, string, -1, tempStr, len, 0, 0);
+    if (!len)
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n",
+              GetLastError());
+        PAL_free(tempStr);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    ret = atoi(tempStr);
+
+    PAL_free(tempStr);
+    LOGEXIT("_wtoi returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wtoi);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswspace
+
+See MSDN doc
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswspace(wchar_16 c)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswspace);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswspace (c=%C)\n", c);
+
+    ret = iswspace(c);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_iswspace returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(iswspace);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wcsnicmp
+
+Compare characters of two strings without regard to case
+
+Return Value
+
+The return value indicates the relationship between the substrings as follows.
+
+Return Value
+
+Description
+
+< 0        string1 substring less than string2 substring
+  0        string1 substring identical to string2 substring
+> 0        string1 substring greater than string2 substring
+
+Parameters
+
+string1, string2        Null-terminated strings to compare
+count                   Number of characters to compare
+
+Remarks
+
+The _strnicmp function lexicographically compares, at most, the first
+count characters of string1 and string2. The comparison is performed
+without regard to case; _strnicmp is a case-insensitive version of
+strncmp. The comparison ends if a terminating null character is
+reached in either string before count characters are compared. If the
+strings are equal when a terminating null character is reached in
+either string before count characters are compared, the shorter string
+is lesser.
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_wcsnicmp(
+          const wchar_16 *string1,
+          const wchar_16 *string2, 
+          size_t count)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    int diff = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wcsnicmp);
+    ENTRY("_wcsnicmp (string1=%p (%S), string2=%p (%S), count=%lu)\n", 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING,
+         (unsigned long) count);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    {
+        diff = wtolower(string1[i]) - wtolower(string2[i]);
+        if (diff != 0 || 0 == string1[i] || 0 == string2[i])
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("_wcsnicmp returning int %d\n", diff);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wcsnicmp);
+    return diff;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wcsicmp
+
+Compare characters of two strings without regard to case
+
+Return Value
+
+The return value indicates the relationship between the substrings as follows.
+
+Return Value
+
+Description
+
+< 0        string1 substring less than string2 substring
+  0        string1 substring identical to string2 substring
+> 0        string1 substring greater than string2 substring
+
+Parameters
+
+string1, string2        Null-terminated strings to compare
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+_wcsicmp(
+          const wchar_16 *string1,
+          const wchar_16 *string2)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wcsicmp);
+    ENTRY("_wcsicmp (string1=%p (%S), string2=%p (%S))\n", 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    ret = _wcsnicmp(string1, string2, 0x7fffffff);
+
+    LOGEXIT("_wcsnicmp returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wcsicmp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  _wcslwr
+
+Convert a string to lowercase.
+
+Return Value
+
+Returns a pointer to the converted string. Because the modification is
+done in place, the pointer returned is the same as the pointer passed
+as the input argument. No return value is reserved to indicate an
+error.
+
+Parameter
+
+string   Null-terminated string to convert to lowercase
+
+Remarks
+
+--*/
+wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+_wcslwr(
+        wchar_16 *string)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_wcslwr);
+    ENTRY("_wcslwr (string=%p (%S))\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    for (i=0 ; string[i] != 0; i++)
+    {
+        string[i] = wtolower(string[i]);
+    }
+  
+    LOGEXIT("_wcslwr returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wcslwr);
+    return string;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcstol
+
+Convert string to a long-integer value.
+
+Return Value
+
+wcstol returns the value represented in the string nptr, except when
+the representation would cause an overflow, in which case it returns
+LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN. strtol returns 0 if no conversion can be
+performed. errno is set to ERANGE if overflow or underflow occurs.
+
+Parameters
+
+nptr    Null-terminated string to convert 
+endptr  Pointer to character that stops scan
+base    Number base to use
+
+Remarks
+
+The wcstol function converts nptr to a long. It stops reading the
+string nptr at the first character it cannot recognize as part of a
+number. This may be the terminating null character, or it may be the
+first numeric character greater than or equal to base.
+
+Notes :
+    MSDN states that only space and tab are accepted as leading whitespace, but
+    tests indicate that other whitespace characters (newline, carriage return,
+    etc) are also accepted. This matches the behavior on Unix systems.
+
+    For wcstol and wcstoul, we need to check if the value to be returned 
+    is outside the 32 bit range. If so, the returned value needs to be set  
+    as appropriate, according to the MSDN pages for wcstol and wcstoul,
+    and in all instances errno must be set to ERANGE (The one exception
+    is converting a string representing a negative value to unsigned long).
+    Note that on 64 bit Windows, long's are still 32 bit. Thus, to match
+    Windows behavior, we must return long's in the 32 bit range.  
+--*/
+
+/* The use of LONG is by design, to ensure that a 32 bit value is always 
+returned from this function. If "long" is used instead of LONG, then a 64 bit 
+value could be returned on 64 bit platforms like HP-UX, thus breaking 
+Windows behavior. */
+LONG
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcstol(
+        const wchar_16 *nptr,
+        wchar_16 **endptr,
+        int base)
+{
+    char *s_nptr = 0;
+    char *s_endptr = 0;
+    long res;
+    int size;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcstol);
+    ENTRY("wcstol (nptr=%p (%S), endptr=%p, base=%d)\n", nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING, nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          endptr, base);
+
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!size)
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstolExit;
+    }
+    s_nptr = (char *)PAL_malloc(size);
+    if (!s_nptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstolExit;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, s_nptr, size, NULL, NULL);
+    if( size==0 )
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstolExit;
+    }
+
+    res = strtol(s_nptr, &s_endptr, base);
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (res > _I32_MAX)
+    {
+        res = _I32_MAX;
+        errno = ERANGE;
+    }
+    else if (res < _I32_MIN)
+    {
+        res = _I32_MIN;
+        errno = ERANGE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* only ASCII characters will be accepted by strtol, and those always get
+       mapped to single-byte characters, so the first rejected character will
+       have the same index in the multibyte and widechar strings */
+    if( endptr )
+    {
+        size = s_endptr - s_nptr;
+        *endptr = (wchar_16 *)&nptr[size];
+    }
+
+PAL_wcstolExit:
+    PAL_free(s_nptr);
+    LOGEXIT("wcstol returning long %ld\n", res);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcstol);
+    /* This explicit cast to LONG is used to silence any potential warnings
+    due to implicitly casting the native long res to LONG when returning. */
+    return (LONG)res;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcstoul
+
+Convert string to an unsigned long-integer value.
+
+Return Value
+
+wcstoul returns the converted value, if any, or ULONG_MAX on
+overflow. It returns 0 if no conversion can be performed. errno is
+set to ERANGE if overflow or underflow occurs.
+
+Parameters
+
+nptr    Null-terminated string to convert 
+endptr  Pointer to character that stops scan
+base    Number base to use
+
+Remarks
+
+wcstoul stops reading the string nptr at the first character it cannot
+recognize as part of a number. This may be the terminating null
+character, or it may be the first numeric character greater than or
+equal to base. The LC_NUMERIC category setting of the current locale
+determines recognition of the radix character in nptr; for more
+information, see setlocale. If endptr is not NULL, a pointer to the
+character that stopped the scan is stored at the location pointed to
+by endptr. If no conversion can be performed (no valid digits were
+found or an invalid base was specified), the value of nptr is stored
+at the location pointed to by endptr.
+
+Notes :
+    MSDN states that only space and tab are accepted as leading whitespace, but
+    tests indicate that other whitespace characters (newline, carriage return,
+    etc) are also accepted. This matches the behavior on Unix systems.
+
+    For wcstol and wcstoul, we need to check if the value to be returned 
+    is outside the 32 bit range. If so, the returned value needs to be set
+    as appropriate, according to the MSDN pages for wcstol and wcstoul,
+    and in all instances errno must be set to ERANGE (The one exception
+    is converting a string representing a negative value to unsigned long).
+    Note that on 64 bit Windows, long's are still 32 bit. Thus, to match
+    Windows behavior, we must return long's in the 32 bit range.
+--*/
+
+/* The use of ULONG is by design, to ensure that a 32 bit value is always 
+returned from this function. If "unsigned long" is used instead of ULONG,
+then a 64 bit value could be returned on 64 bit platforms like HP-UX, thus
+breaking Windows behavior .*/
+ULONG
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcstoul(
+        const wchar_16 *nptr,
+        wchar_16 **endptr,
+        int base)
+{
+    char *s_nptr = 0;
+    char *s_endptr = 0;
+    unsigned long res;
+    int size;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcstoul);
+    ENTRY("wcstoul (nptr=%p (%S), endptr=%p, base=%d)\n", nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING, nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          endptr, base);
+
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!size)
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstoulExit;
+    }
+    s_nptr = (char *)PAL_malloc(size);
+    if (!s_nptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstoulExit;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, s_nptr, size, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!size)
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL_wcstoulExit;
+    }
+
+    res = strtoul(s_nptr, &s_endptr, base);
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+    if (res > _UI32_MAX)
+    {
+        wchar_16 wc = *nptr;
+        while (PAL_iswspace(wc))
+        {
+            wc = *nptr++;
+        }
+        /* If the string represents a positive number that is greater than 
+           _UI32_MAX, set errno to ERANGE. Otherwise, don't set errno
+           to match Windows behavior. */
+        if (wc != '-')
+        {
+            res = _UI32_MAX;
+            errno = ERANGE;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    /* only ASCII characters will be accepted by strtol, and those always get
+       mapped to single-byte characters, so the first rejected character will
+       have the same index in the multibyte and widechar strings */
+    if( endptr )
+    {
+        size = s_endptr - s_nptr;
+        *endptr = (wchar_16 *)&nptr[size];
+    }
+
+PAL_wcstoulExit:
+    PAL_free(s_nptr);
+    LOGEXIT("wcstoul returning unsigned long %lu\n", res);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcstoul);
+
+    /* When returning unsigned long res from this function, it will be 
+    implicitly cast to ULONG. This handles situations where a string that
+    represents a negative number is passed in to wcstoul. The Windows
+    behavior is analogous to taking the binary equivalent of the negative
+    value and treating it as a positive number. Returning a ULONG from
+    this function, as opposed to native unsigned long, allows us to match
+    this behavior. The explicit case to ULONG below is used to silence any
+    potential warnings due to the implicit casting.  */
+    return (ULONG)res;
+}
+
+ULONGLONG
+__cdecl
+PAL__wcstoui64(
+        const wchar_16 *nptr,
+        wchar_16 **endptr,
+        int base)
+{
+    char *s_nptr = 0;
+    char *s_endptr = 0;
+    unsigned long long res;
+    int size;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcstoul);
+    ENTRY("_wcstoui64 (nptr=%p (%S), endptr=%p, base=%d)\n", nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING, nptr?nptr:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          endptr, base);
+
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!size)
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL__wcstoui64Exit;
+    }
+    s_nptr = (char *)PAL_malloc(size);
+    if (!s_nptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL_malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL__wcstoui64Exit;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, nptr, -1, s_nptr, size, NULL, NULL);
+    if (!size)
+    {
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed.  Error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        res = 0;
+        goto PAL__wcstoui64Exit;
+    }
+
+    res = strtoull(s_nptr, &s_endptr, base);
+
+    /* only ASCII characters will be accepted by strtoull, and those always get
+       mapped to single-byte characters, so the first rejected character will
+       have the same index in the multibyte and widechar strings */
+    if( endptr )
+    {
+        size = s_endptr - s_nptr;
+        *endptr = (wchar_16 *)&nptr[size];
+    }
+
+PAL__wcstoui64Exit:
+    PAL_free(s_nptr);
+    LOGEXIT("_wcstoui64 returning unsigned long long %llu\n", res);
+    PERF_EXIT(_wcstoui64);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_towlower
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+wchar_16
+__cdecl
+PAL_towlower( wchar_16 c )
+{
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    PERF_ENTRY(towlower);
+    ENTRY("towlower (c=%d)\n", c);
+    if (!PAL_iswlower(c))
+    {
+        CFMutableStringRef cfString = CFStringCreateMutable(
+                                            kCFAllocatorDefault, 1);
+        if (cfString != NULL)
+        {
+            CFStringAppendCharacters(cfString, (const UniChar*)&c, 1);
+            CFStringLowercase(cfString, NULL);
+            c = CFStringGetCharacterAtIndex(cfString, 0);
+            CFRelease(cfString);
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("towlower returns int %d\n", c );
+    PERF_EXIT(towlower);
+    return c;
+#else   /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    UnicodeDataRec dataRec;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(towlower);
+    ENTRY("towlower (c=%d)\n", c);
+    
+    if (!GetUnicodeData(c, &dataRec))
+    {
+        TRACE( "Unable to retrieve unicode data for the character %c.\n", c );
+        LOGEXIT("towlower returns int %d\n", c );
+        PERF_EXIT(towlower);
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    if ( (dataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS & C1_LOWER) || (dataRec.nOpposingCase ==  0 ))
+    {
+        LOGEXIT("towlower returns int %d\n", c );
+        PERF_EXIT(towlower);
+        return c;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LOGEXIT("towlower returns int %d\n", dataRec.nOpposingCase );
+        PERF_EXIT(towlower);
+        return dataRec.nOpposingCase;
+    }
+#endif  /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_towupper
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+wchar_16
+__cdecl
+PAL_towupper( wchar_16 c )
+{
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    PERF_ENTRY(towupper);
+    ENTRY("towupper (c=%d)\n", c);
+    if (!PAL_iswupper(c))
+    {
+        CFMutableStringRef cfString = CFStringCreateMutable(
+                                            kCFAllocatorDefault, 1);
+        if (cfString != NULL)
+        {
+            CFStringAppendCharacters(cfString, (const UniChar*)&c, 1);
+            CFStringUppercase(cfString, NULL);
+            c = CFStringGetCharacterAtIndex(cfString, 0);
+            CFRelease(cfString);
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("towupper returns int %d\n", c );
+    PERF_EXIT(towupper);
+    return c;
+#else   /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    UnicodeDataRec dataRec;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(towupper);
+    ENTRY("towupper (c=%d)\n", c);
+
+    if (!GetUnicodeData(c, &dataRec))
+    {
+        TRACE( "Unable to retrieve unicode data for the character %c.\n", c );
+        LOGEXIT("towupper returns int %d\n", c );
+        PERF_EXIT(towupper);
+        return c;
+    }
+    
+    if ( (dataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS & C1_UPPER) || (dataRec.nOpposingCase ==  0 ))
+    {
+        LOGEXIT("towupper returns int %d\n", c );
+        PERF_EXIT(towupper);
+        return c;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LOGEXIT("towupper returns int %d\n", dataRec.nOpposingCase );
+        PERF_EXIT(towupper);
+        return dataRec.nOpposingCase;
+    }
+#endif  /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_iswupper
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswupper( wchar_16 c )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sUppercaseSet;
+    
+    if (sUppercaseSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sUppercaseSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(
+                                        kCFCharacterSetUppercaseLetter);
+    }
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswupper);
+    ENTRY( "iswupper (c=%d)\n", c );
+    bRetVal = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sUppercaseSet, c);
+#else   /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    UnicodeDataRec dataRec;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswupper);
+    ENTRY( "iswupper (c=%d)\n", c );
+
+    if (!GetUnicodeData(c, &dataRec))
+    {
+        TRACE( "Unable to retrieve unicode data for the character %c.\n", c );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    
+    if (dataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS & C1_UPPER)
+    {
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+exit:
+#endif  /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    LOGEXIT( "iswupper returns %s.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
+    PERF_EXIT(iswupper);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_iswlower
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswlower( wchar_16 c )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sLowercaseSet;
+    
+    if (sLowercaseSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sLowercaseSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(
+                                        kCFCharacterSetLowercaseLetter);
+    }
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswlower);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswlower (c=%d)\n", c);
+    bRetVal = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sLowercaseSet, c);
+#else   /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    UnicodeDataRec dataRec;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswlower);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswlower (c=%d)\n", c);
+    
+    if (!GetUnicodeData(c, &dataRec))
+    {
+        TRACE( "Unable to retrieve unicode data for the character %c.\n", c );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    
+    if (dataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS & C1_LOWER)
+    {
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+exit:
+#endif  /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_iswlower returns %s.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(iswlower);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_iswalpha
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswalpha( wchar_16 c )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswalpha);
+    ENTRY( "PAL_iswalpha (c=%d)\n", c);
+    
+    if ( PAL_iswupper( c ) || PAL_iswlower( c ) )
+    {
+        LOGEXIT( "PAL_iswalpha returns 1.\n" );
+        PERF_EXIT(iswalpha);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "PAL_iswalpha returns 0.\n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(iswalpha);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcscat
+
+See MSDN or the man page for mcscat.
+
+--*/
+wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcscat(
+        wchar_16 *strDestination, 
+        const wchar_16 *strSource)
+{
+    wchar_16 *ret;
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcscat);
+    ENTRY("wcscat (strDestination=%p (%S), strSource=%p (%S))\n", 
+          strDestination?strDestination:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          strDestination?strDestination:W16_NULLSTRING, strSource?strSource:W16_NULLSTRING, strSource?strSource:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    ret = PAL_wcsncat( strDestination, strSource, PAL_wcslen( strSource ) );
+    
+    LOGEXIT("wcscat returnng wchar_t %p (%S)\n", ret, ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcscat);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcscpy
+
+See MSDN or the man page for mcscpy.
+
+--*/
+wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcscpy(
+        wchar_16 *strDestination, 
+        const wchar_16 *strSource)
+{
+    wchar_16 *start = strDestination;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcscpy);
+    ENTRY("wcscpy (strDestination=%p, strSource=%p (%S))\n", 
+          strDestination, strSource ? strSource:W16_NULLSTRING, strSource ? strSource:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (strDestination == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid strDestination argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("wcscpy returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(wcscpy);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (strSource == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid strSource argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("wcscpy returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(wcscpy);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* copy source string to destination string */
+    while(*strSource)
+    {
+        *strDestination++ = *strSource++;
+    }
+
+    /* add terminating null */
+    *strDestination = '\0';
+
+    LOGEXIT("wcscpy returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", start, start);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcscpy);
+    return start;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcslen
+
+See MSDN or the man page for wcslen.
+
+--*/
+size_t 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcslen(
+        const wchar_16 *string)
+{
+    size_t nChar = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcslen);
+    ENTRY("wcslen (string=%p (%S))\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    
+    if ( !string )
+    {
+        LOGEXIT("wcslen returning size_t %u\n", 0);
+        PERF_EXIT(wcslen);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    while (*string++)
+    {
+        nChar++;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("wcslen returning size_t %u\n", nChar);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcslen);
+    return nChar;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcsncmp
+
+See MSDN or the man page for wcsncmp.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsncmp(
+        const wchar_16 *string1,
+        const wchar_16 *string2,
+        size_t count)
+{
+    size_t i;
+    int diff = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcsncmp);
+    ENTRY("wcsncmp (string1=%p (%S), string2=%p (%S) count=%lu)\n", 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          (unsigned long) count);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
+    {
+        diff = string1[i] - string2[i];
+        if (diff != 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* stop if we reach the end of the string */
+        if(string1[i]==0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("wcsncmp returning int %d\n", diff);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcsncmp);
+    return diff;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcscmp
+
+See MSDN or the man page for wcscmp.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcscmp(
+        const wchar_16 *string1,
+        const wchar_16 *string2)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcscmp);
+    ENTRY("wcscmp (string1=%p (%S), string2=%p (%S))\n",
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          string1?string1:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING, string2?string2:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    ret = PAL_wcsncmp(string1, string2, 0x7fffffff);
+
+    LOGEXIT("wcscmp returns int %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcscmp);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcschr
+
+See MSDN or man page for wcschr.
+
+--*/
+wchar_16 _WConst_return * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcschr(
+        const wchar_16 * string, 
+        wchar_16 c)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcschr);
+    ENTRY("wcschr (string=%p (%S), c=%C)\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, c);
+    
+    while (*string)
+    {
+        if (*string == c)
+        {
+            LOGEXIT("wcschr returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING);
+            PERF_EXIT(wcschr);
+            return (wchar_16 *) string;
+        }
+        string++;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the comparand was \000
+    if (*string == c)
+        return (wchar_16 *) string;
+    
+    LOGEXIT("wcschr returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(wcschr);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcsrchr
+
+See MSDN or man page for wcsrchr.
+
+--*/
+wchar_16 _WConst_return * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsrchr(
+        const wchar_16 * string, 
+        wchar_16 c)
+{
+    wchar_16 *last = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcsrchr);
+    ENTRY("wcsrchr (string=%p (%S), c=%C)\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, c);
+
+    while (*string)
+    {
+        if (*string == c)
+        {
+            last = (wchar_16 *) string;
+        }
+        string++;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("wcsrchr returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", last?last:W16_NULLSTRING, last?last:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcsrchr);
+    return (wchar_16 *)last;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcsspn
+
+See MSDN or man page for wcspbrk.
+--*/
+size_t
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsspn (const wchar_16 *string, const wchar_16 *stringCharSet)
+{
+    ASSERT(0);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcspbrk
+
+See MSDN or man page for wcspbrk.
+--*/
+const wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcspbrk(
+        const wchar_16 *string, 
+        const wchar_16 *strCharSet)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcspbrk);
+    ENTRY("wcspbrk (string=%p (%S), strCharSet=%p (%S))\n",
+          string?string:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, strCharSet?strCharSet:W16_NULLSTRING, strCharSet?strCharSet:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    while (*string)
+    {
+        if (PAL_wcschr(strCharSet, *string) != NULL)
+        {
+            LOGEXIT("wcspbrk returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, string?string:W16_NULLSTRING);
+            PERF_EXIT(wcspbrk);
+            return (wchar_16 *) string;
+        }
+
+        string++;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("wcspbrk returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(wcspbrk);
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_wcsstr
+
+See MSDN or man page for wcsstr.
+--*/
+const wchar_16 *
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsstr(
+        const wchar_16 *string, 
+        const wchar_16 *strCharSet)
+{
+    wchar_16 *ret = NULL;
+    int i;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcsstr);
+    ENTRY("wcsstr (string=%p (%S), strCharSet=%p (%S))\n", 
+      string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+      string?string:W16_NULLSTRING, strCharSet?strCharSet:W16_NULLSTRING, strCharSet?strCharSet:W16_NULLSTRING);
+  
+    if (string == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = NULL;
+        goto leave;
+    }
+  
+    if (strCharSet == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = NULL;
+        goto leave;
+    }
+  
+    if (*strCharSet == 0)
+    {
+        ret = (wchar_16 *)string;
+        goto leave;
+    } 
+  
+    while (*string != 0)
+    {
+        i = 0;
+        while (1)
+        {
+            if (*(string + i) == 0 || *(strCharSet + i) == 0)
+            {
+                ret = (wchar_16 *) string;
+                goto leave;
+            }
+            if (*(string + i) != *(strCharSet + i))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+        i++;
+        }
+        string++;
+    }
+  
+ leave:    
+    LOGEXIT("wcsstr returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", ret?ret:W16_NULLSTRING, ret?ret:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcsstr);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    
+    PAL_wcsncpy            
+    
+see msdn doc.
+--*/
+wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsncpy( wchar_16 * strDest, const wchar_16 *strSource, size_t count )
+{
+    UINT length = sizeof( wchar_16 ) * count;    
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcsncpy);
+    ENTRY("wcsncpy( strDest:%p, strSource:%p (%S), count:%lu)\n", 
+          strDest, strSource, strSource, (unsigned long) count);
+    
+    memset( strDest, 0, length );
+    length = min( count, PAL_wcslen( strSource ) ) * sizeof( wchar_16 );
+    memcpy( strDest, strSource, length );
+    
+    LOGEXIT("wcsncpy returning (wchar_16*): %p\n", strDest);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcsncpy);
+    return strDest;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    
+    wcsncat            
+    
+see msdn doc.
+--*/
+wchar_16 * 
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcsncat( wchar_16 * strDest, const wchar_16 *strSource, size_t count )
+{
+    wchar_16 *start = strDest;
+    UINT LoopCount = 0;
+    UINT StrSourceLength = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcsncat);
+    ENTRY( "wcsncat (strDestination=%p (%S), strSource=%p (%S), count=%lu )\n", 
+            strDest ? strDest : W16_NULLSTRING, 
+            strDest ? strDest : W16_NULLSTRING,
+            strSource ? strSource : W16_NULLSTRING,
+            strSource ? strSource : W16_NULLSTRING, (unsigned long) count);
+
+    if ( strDest == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid strDest argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("wcsncat returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(wcsncat);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ( strSource == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("invalid strSource argument\n");
+        LOGEXIT("wcsncat returning wchar_t NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(wcsncat);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* find end of source string */
+    while ( *strDest )
+    {
+        strDest++;
+    }
+
+    StrSourceLength = PAL_wcslen( strSource ); 
+    if ( StrSourceLength < count )
+    {
+        count = StrSourceLength;
+    }
+    
+    /* concatenate new string */
+    while( *strSource && LoopCount < count )
+    {
+      *strDest++ = *strSource++;
+      LoopCount++;
+    }
+
+    /* add terminating null */
+    *strDest = '\0';
+
+    LOGEXIT("wcsncat returning wchar_t %p (%S)\n", start, start);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcsncat);
+    return start;
+}
+
+static BOOL MISC_CRT_WCSTOD_IsValidCharacter( WCHAR c )
+{
+    if ( c == '+' || c == '-' || c == '.' || ( c >= '0' && c <= '9' ) || 
+         c == 'e' || c == 'E' || c == 'd' || c == 'D' )
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}                                                               
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    
+    wcstod
+
+    There is a slight difference between the Windows version of wcstod
+    and the BSD versio of wcstod.
+
+    Under Windows the string "  -1b  " returns -1.000000 stop char = 'b'
+    Under BSD the same string returns 0.000000 stop ' '
+
+see msdn doc.
+--*/
+double
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcstod( const wchar_16 * nptr, wchar_16 **endptr )
+{
+    double RetVal = 0.0;
+    LPSTR  lpStringRep = NULL;
+    LPWSTR lpStartOfExpression = (LPWSTR)nptr;
+    LPWSTR lpEndOfExpression = NULL;
+    UINT Length = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcstod);
+    ENTRY( "wcstod( %p (%S), %p (%S) )\n", nptr, nptr, endptr , endptr );
+
+    if ( !nptr )
+    {
+        ERROR( "nptr is invalid.\n" );
+        LOGEXIT( "wcstod returning 0.0\n" );
+        PERF_EXIT(wcstod);
+        return 0.0;
+    }
+
+    /* Eat white space. */
+    while ( PAL_iswspace( *lpStartOfExpression ) )
+    {
+        lpStartOfExpression++;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the end of the expression. */
+    lpEndOfExpression = lpStartOfExpression;
+    while ( *lpEndOfExpression )
+    {
+        if ( !MISC_CRT_WCSTOD_IsValidCharacter( *lpEndOfExpression ) )
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        lpEndOfExpression++;
+    }
+
+    if ( lpEndOfExpression != lpStartOfExpression )
+    {
+        Length = lpEndOfExpression - lpStartOfExpression;
+        lpStringRep = (LPSTR)PAL_malloc( Length + 1);
+
+        if ( lpStringRep )
+        {
+            if ( WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpStartOfExpression, Length,
+                                      lpStringRep, Length + 1 ,
+                                      NULL, 0 ) != 0 )
+            {
+                LPSTR ScanStop = NULL;
+                lpStringRep[Length]= 0;
+                RetVal = strtod( lpStringRep, &ScanStop );
+
+                /* See if strtod failed. */
+                if ( RetVal == 0.0 && ScanStop == lpStringRep )
+                {
+                    ASSERT( "An error occurred in the conversion.\n" );
+                    lpEndOfExpression = (LPWSTR)nptr;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT( "Wide char to multibyte conversion failed.\n" );
+                lpEndOfExpression = (LPWSTR)nptr;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR( "Not enough memory.\n" );
+            lpEndOfExpression = (LPWSTR)nptr;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "Malformed expression.\n" );
+        lpEndOfExpression = (LPWSTR)nptr;
+    }
+
+    /* Set the stop scan character. */
+    if ( endptr != NULL )
+    {
+        *endptr = lpEndOfExpression;
+    }
+
+    PAL_free( lpStringRep );
+    LOGEXIT( "wcstod returning %f.\n", RetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(wcstod);
+    return RetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    _ui64tow
+
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+wchar_16 *
+__cdecl
+_ui64tow( unsigned __int64 value , wchar_16 * string , int radix )
+{
+    UINT ReversedIndex = 0;
+    WCHAR ReversedString[ 65 ];
+    LPWSTR lpString = string;
+    UINT Index = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_ui64tow);
+    ENTRY( "_ui64tow( value=%I64d, string=%p (%S), radix=%d )\n", 
+           value, string, string, radix );
+
+    if ( !string )
+    {
+        ERROR( "string has to be a valid pointer.\n" );
+        LOGEXIT( "_ui64tow returning NULL.\n" );
+        PERF_EXIT(_ui64tow);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if ( radix < 2 || radix > 36 )
+    {
+        ERROR( "radix has to be between 2 and 36.\n" );
+        LOGEXIT( "_ui64tow returning NULL.\n" );
+        PERF_EXIT(_ui64tow);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if(0 == value)
+    {
+        ReversedString[0] = '0';
+        Index++;
+    }
+    else while ( value )
+    {
+        int temp = value % radix;
+        value /= radix;
+        
+        if ( temp < 10 )
+        {
+            ReversedString[ Index ] = temp + '0';
+            Index++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ReversedString[ Index ] = temp - 10 + 'a';
+            Index++;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /* Reverse the string. */
+    ReversedIndex = Index;
+    for ( Index = 0; ReversedIndex > 0; ReversedIndex--, Index++ )
+    {
+        string[ Index ] = ReversedString[ ReversedIndex - 1 ];
+    }
+
+    string[ Index ] = '\0';
+    LOGEXIT( "_ui64tow returning %p (%S).\n", lpString , lpString );
+    PERF_EXIT(_ui64tow);
+    return lpString;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    iswdigit
+    
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswdigit( wchar_16 c )
+{
+    UINT nRetVal = 0;
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sDigitSet;
+    
+    if (sDigitSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sDigitSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(
+                                        kCFCharacterSetDecimalDigit);
+    }
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswdigit);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswdigit (c=%d)\n", c);
+    nRetVal = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sDigitSet, c);
+#else   /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    UnicodeDataRec dataRec;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswdigit);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswdigit (c=%d)\n", c);
+    
+    if (GetUnicodeData(c, &dataRec))
+    {
+        if (dataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS & C1_DIGIT)
+        {
+            nRetVal = 1; 
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            nRetVal = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE( "No corresonding unicode record for character %d.\n", c );
+    }
+#endif  /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_iswdigit returning %d\n", nRetVal);
+    PERF_EXIT(iswdigit);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    iswxdigit
+    
+See MSDN for more details.
+
+Notes :
+the information in UnicodeData doesn't help us, it doesn't have enough 
+granularity. Results in windows show that only ASCII and "Fullwidth" (>0xFF10)
+numbers and letters are considered as "hex"; other "numbers" 
+(nGeneralCategory==8) aren't.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswxdigit( wchar_16 c )
+{
+    UINT nRetVal = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswxdigit);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswxdigit( c=%d )\n", c);
+    
+    /* ASCII characters */
+    if((c>= 'A' && c<='F') ||        /* uppercase hex letters */
+       (c>= 'a' && c<='f') ||        /* lowercase hex letters */
+       (c>= '0' && c<='9'))          /* digits */
+    {
+        nRetVal = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    /* "fullwidth" characters, whatever that is */
+    if((c>= 0xFF10 && c<=0xFF19) ||  /* digits */
+       (c>= 0xFF21 && c<=0xFF26) ||  /* uppercase hex letters */
+       (c>= 0xFF41 && c<=0xFF46))    /* lowercase hex letters */
+    {
+        nRetVal = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        nRetVal = 0;
+    }               
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_iswxdigit returning %d\n", nRetVal);
+    PERF_EXIT(iswxdigit);
+    return nRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+    iswprint
+     
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl
+PAL_iswprint( wchar_16 c ) 
+{
+    int ret;
+    
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(iswprint);
+    ENTRY("PAL_iswprint (%#X)\n", c);   
+
+    ret = iswprint(c);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_iswprint returns %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(iswprint);
+    return (ret);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+   PAL_wcscspn
+
+Finds the number of consecutive characters from the start of the string
+that are not in the set.
+
+Return value:
+
+The number of characters from the start of the string that are not in
+the set.
+
+Parameters:
+string          String
+strCharSet      Set of delimiter characters
+
+--*/
+size_t
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcscspn(const wchar_16 *string, const wchar_16 *strCharSet)
+{
+    const wchar_16 *temp;
+    size_t count = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcscspn);
+    
+    while(*string != 0)
+    {
+        for(temp = strCharSet; *temp != 0; temp++)
+        {
+            if (*string == *temp)
+            {
+                PERF_EXIT(wcscspn);
+                return count;
+            }
+        }
+        count++;
+        string++;
+    }
+    PERF_EXIT(wcscspn);
+    return count;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswblank
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a Win32 "blank" character.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_iswblank(wchar_16 c)
+{
+    int ret;
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sSpaceAndNewlineSet;
+    
+    if (sSpaceAndNewlineSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sSpaceAndNewlineSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(
+                                            kCFCharacterSetWhitespaceAndNewline);
+    }
+    switch (c)
+    {
+        case 0x0085:
+        case 0x1680:
+        case 0x202f:
+        case 0xfeff:
+            // These are blank characters on Windows, but are not part
+            // of the SpaceAndNewline character set in Core Foundation.
+            ret = TRUE;
+            break;
+        case 0x2028:
+        case 0x2029:
+            // These are not blank characters on Windows, but are part
+            // of the SpaceAndNewline character set in Core Foundation.
+            ret = FALSE;
+            break;
+        default:
+            ret = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sSpaceAndNewlineSet, c);
+            break;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswcntrl
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a control character.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_iswcntrl(wchar_16 c)
+{
+    int ret;
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sControlSet;
+    
+    if (sControlSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sControlSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(kCFCharacterSetControl);
+    }
+    ret = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sControlSet, c);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswpunct
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a punctuation character.
+--*/
+int 
+__cdecl 
+PAL_iswpunct(wchar_16 c)
+{
+    int ret;
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sPunctuationSet = NULL;
+    static CFCharacterSetRef sSymbolSet = NULL;
+
+    if (sPunctuationSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sPunctuationSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(kCFCharacterSetPunctuation);
+    }
+    if (sSymbolSet == NULL)
+    {
+        sSymbolSet = CFCharacterSetGetPredefined(kCFCharacterSetSymbol);
+    }
+    ret = CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sPunctuationSet, c) ||
+          CFCharacterSetIsCharacterMember(sSymbolSet, c);
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif  // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
diff --git a/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchartls.cpp b/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchartls.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5350f0551b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/cruntime/wchartls.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    wchartls.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of wide char string functions that depend on per-thread data
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/unicode_data.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRT);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+   PAL_wcstok
+
+Finds the next token in a wide character string.
+
+Return value:
+
+A pointer to the next token found in strToken.  Returns NULL when no more 
+tokens are found.  Each call modifies strToken by substituting a NULL 
+character for each delimiter that is encountered.
+
+Parameters:
+strToken        String containing token(s)
+strDelimit      Set of delimiter characters
+
+--*/
+WCHAR *
+__cdecl
+PAL_wcstok(WCHAR *strToken, const WCHAR *strDelimit)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    WCHAR *retval = NULL;
+    WCHAR *delim_ptr;
+    WCHAR *next_context;     /* string to save in TLS for future calls */
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(wcstok);
+    ENTRY("PAL_wcstok (strToken=%p (%S), strDelimit=%p (%S))\n",
+          strToken?strToken:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          strToken?strToken:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          strDelimit?strDelimit:W16_NULLSTRING, 
+          strDelimit?strDelimit:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    /* Get the per-thread buffer from the thread structure. */
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if(NULL == strDelimit)
+    {
+        ERROR("delimiter string is NULL\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* get token string from TLS if none is provided */
+    if(NULL == strToken)
+    {
+        TRACE("wcstok() called with NULL string, using previous string\n");
+        strToken = pThread->crtInfo.wcstokContext;
+        if(NULL == strToken)
+        {            
+            ERROR("wcstok called with NULL string without a previous call\n");
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /* first, skip all leading delimiters */
+    while ((*strToken != '\0') && (PAL_wcschr(strDelimit,*strToken)))
+    {
+        strToken++;
+    }
+
+    /* if there were only delimiters, there's no string */
+    if('\0' == strToken[0])
+    {
+        TRACE("end of string already reached, returning NULL\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* we're now at the beginning of the token; look for the first delimiter */
+    delim_ptr = PAL_wcspbrk(strToken,strDelimit);
+    if(NULL == delim_ptr)
+    {
+        TRACE("no delimiters found, this is the last token\n");
+        /* place the next context at the end of the string, so that subsequent 
+           calls will return NULL */
+        next_context = strToken+PAL_wcslen(strToken);
+        retval = strToken;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* null-terminate current token */
+        *delim_ptr=0;
+
+        /* place the next context right after the delimiter */
+        next_context = delim_ptr+1;
+        retval = strToken;
+        
+        TRACE("found delimiter; next token will be %p\n",next_context);
+    }
+
+    pThread->crtInfo.wcstokContext = next_context;
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_wcstok() returns %p (%S)\n", retval?retval:W16_NULLSTRING, retval?retval:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    PERF_EXIT(wcstok);
+    return(retval);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/debug/debug.cpp b/src/pal/src/debug/debug.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5461ac6265
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/debug/debug.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1844 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    debug.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of Win32 debugging API functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef BIT64
+#undef _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE
+#undef _FILE_OFFSET_BITS
+#endif
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(DEBUG); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/context.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#include <unistd.h>
+#elif HAVE_TTRACE // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#include <sys/ttrace.h>
+#else // HAVE_TTRACE
+#include <sys/ptrace.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#if HAVE_VM_READ
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_VM_READ
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_H
+#include <procfs.h>
+#endif // HAVE_PROCFS_H
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "../exception/machexception.h"
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+extern "C" void DBG_DebugBreak_End();
+
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#define CTL_ATTACH      "attach"
+#define CTL_DETACH      "detach"
+#define CTL_WAIT        "wait"
+#endif   // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+/* ------------------- Constant definitions ----------------------------------*/
+
+#if !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+const BOOL DBG_ATTACH       = TRUE;
+const BOOL DBG_DETACH       = FALSE;
+#endif
+static const char PAL_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING[]    = "PAL_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING";
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK 1
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+static const char PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK[]   = "PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK";
+#endif // ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+
+/* ------------------- Static function prototypes ----------------------------*/
+
+#if !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+static int
+DBGWriteProcMem_Int(DWORD processId, int *addr, int data);
+static int
+DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask(DWORD processId, int *addr, int data,
+                            unsigned int mask);
+#endif  // !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+
+#if !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+static BOOL 
+DBGAttachProcess(CPalThread *pThread, HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwProcessId);
+
+static BOOL
+DBGDetachProcess(CPalThread *pThread, HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwProcessId);
+
+static int
+DBGSetProcessAttached(CPalThread *pThread, HANDLE hProcess, BOOL bAttach);
+
+#endif // !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+extern "C" {
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FlushInstructionCache
+
+The FlushInstructionCache function flushes the instruction cache for
+the specified process.
+
+Remarks
+
+This is a no-op for x86 architectures where the instruction and data
+caches are coherent in hardware. For non-X86 architectures, this call
+usually maps to a kernel API to flush the D-caches on all processors.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FlushInstructionCache(
+        IN HANDLE hProcess,
+        IN LPCVOID lpBaseAddress,
+        IN SIZE_T dwSize)
+{
+    BOOL Ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FlushInstructionCache);
+    ENTRY("FlushInstructionCache (hProcess=%p, lpBaseAddress=%p dwSize=%d)\
+          \n", hProcess, lpBaseAddress, dwSize);
+
+    if (lpBaseAddress != NULL)
+    {
+        Ret = DBG_FlushInstructionCache(lpBaseAddress, dwSize);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Ret = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FlushInstructionCache returns BOOL %d\n", Ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(FlushInstructionCache);
+    return Ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OutputDebugStringA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+OutputDebugStringA(
+        IN LPCSTR lpOutputString)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(OutputDebugStringA);
+    ENTRY("OutputDebugStringA (lpOutputString=%p (%s))\n",
+          lpOutputString ? lpOutputString : "NULL",
+          lpOutputString ? lpOutputString : "NULL");
+
+    // As we don't support debug events, we are going to output the debug string
+    // to stderr instead of generating OUT_DEBUG_STRING_EVENT. It's safe to tell
+    // EnvironGetenv not to make a copy of the value here since we only want to
+    // check whether it exists, not actually use it.
+    if ((lpOutputString != NULL) &&
+        (NULL != EnvironGetenv(PAL_OUTPUTDEBUGSTRING, /* copyValue */ FALSE)))
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s", lpOutputString);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("OutputDebugStringA returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(OutputDebugStringA);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OutputDebugStringW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+OutputDebugStringW(
+        IN LPCWSTR lpOutputString)
+{
+    CHAR *lpOutputStringA;
+    int strLen;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OutputDebugStringW);
+    ENTRY("OutputDebugStringW (lpOutputString=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpOutputString ? lpOutputString: W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpOutputString ? lpOutputString: W16_NULLSTRING);
+    
+    if (lpOutputString == NULL) 
+    {
+        OutputDebugStringA("");
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if ((strLen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpOutputString, -1, NULL, 0, 
+                                      NULL, NULL)) 
+        == 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("failed to get wide chars length\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    /* strLen includes the null terminator */
+    if ((lpOutputStringA = (LPSTR) InternalMalloc((strLen * sizeof(CHAR)))) == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Insufficient memory available !\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if(! WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpOutputString, -1, 
+                             lpOutputStringA, strLen, NULL, NULL)) 
+    {
+        ASSERT("failed to convert wide chars to multibytes\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        free(lpOutputStringA);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    OutputDebugStringA(lpOutputStringA);
+    free(lpOutputStringA);
+
+EXIT:
+    LOGEXIT("OutputDebugStringW returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(OutputDebugStringW);
+}
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+/*
+   When DebugBreak() is called, if PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK is set,
+   DebugBreak() will execute whatever command is in there.
+
+   PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK must be no longer than 255 characters.
+
+   This command string inherits the current process's environment,
+   with two additions:
+      PAL_EXE_PID  - the process ID of the current process
+      PAL_EXE_NAME - the name of the executable of the current process
+
+   When DebugBreak() runs this string, it periodically polls the child process
+   and blocks until it finishes. If you use this mechanism to start a
+   debugger, you can break this poll loop by setting the "spin" variable in
+   run_debug_command()'s frame to 0, and then the parent process can
+   continue.
+
+   suggested values for PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK:
+     to halt the process for later inspection:
+       'echo stopping $PAL_EXE_PID; kill -STOP $PAL_EXE_PID; sleep 10'
+
+     to print out the stack trace:
+       'pstack $PAL_EXE_PID'
+
+     to invoke the gdb debugger on the process:
+       'set -x; gdb $PAL_EXE_NAME $PAL_EXE_PID'
+
+     to invoke the ddd debugger on the process (requires X11):
+       'set -x; ddd $PAL_EXE_NAME $PAL_EXE_PID'
+*/
+
+static
+int
+run_debug_command (const char *command)
+{
+    int pid;
+    Volatile<int> spin = 1;
+
+    if (!command) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    printf("Spawning command: %s\n", command);
+    
+    pid = fork();
+    if (pid == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    if (pid == 0) {
+        const char *argv[4] = { "sh", "-c", command, 0 };
+        execv("/bin/sh", (char **)argv);
+        exit(127);
+    }
+
+    /* We continue either when the spawned process has stopped, or when
+       an attached debugger sets spin to 0 */
+    while (spin != 0) {
+        int status = 0;
+        int ret = waitpid(pid, &status, WNOHANG);
+        if (ret == 0) {
+            int i;
+            /* I tried to use sleep for this, and that works everywhere except
+               FreeBSD. The problem on FreeBSD is that if the process gets a
+               signal while blocked in sleep(), gdb is confused by the stack */
+            for (i = 0; i < 1000000; i++)
+                ;
+        }
+        else if (ret == -1) {
+            if (errno != EINTR) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+            return WEXITSTATUS(status);
+        }
+        else {
+            fprintf (stderr, "unexpected return from waitpid\n");
+            return -1;
+        }
+    };
+    return 0;
+}
+#endif // ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+
+#define PID_TEXT "PAL_EXE_PID="
+#define EXE_TEXT "PAL_EXE_NAME="
+
+static
+int
+DebugBreakCommand()
+{
+#ifdef ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+    extern MODSTRUCT exe_module;
+
+    char *command_string = EnvironGetenv(PAL_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK);
+    if (command_string)
+    {
+        char pid_buf[sizeof (PID_TEXT) + 32];
+        PathCharString exe_bufString;
+        int libNameLength = 10;
+
+        if (exe_module.lib_name != NULL)
+        {
+            libNameLength = PAL_wcslen(exe_module.lib_name);
+        }
+        
+        SIZE_T dwexe_buf = strlen(EXE_TEXT) + libNameLength + 1;
+        CHAR * exe_buf = exe_bufString.OpenStringBuffer(dwexe_buf);
+        
+        if (NULL == exe_buf)
+        {
+            goto FAILED;
+        }
+
+        if (snprintf (pid_buf, sizeof (pid_buf), PID_TEXT "%d", getpid()) <= 0)
+        {
+            goto FAILED;
+        }
+
+        if (snprintf (exe_buf, sizeof (CHAR) * (dwexe_buf + 1), EXE_TEXT "%ls", (wchar_t *)exe_module.lib_name) <= 0)
+        {
+            goto FAILED;
+        }
+
+        exe_bufString.CloseBuffer(dwexe_buf);
+        /* strictly speaking, we might want to only set these environment
+           variables in the child process, but if we do that we can't check
+           for errors. putenv/setenv can fail when out of memory */
+
+        if (!EnvironPutenv (pid_buf, FALSE) || !EnvironPutenv (exe_buf, FALSE))
+        {
+            goto FAILED;
+        }
+
+        if (run_debug_command (command_string))
+        {
+            goto FAILED;
+        }
+
+        free(command_string);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+
+FAILED:
+    if (command_string)
+    {
+        free(command_string);
+    }
+
+    fprintf (stderr, "Failed to execute command: '%s'\n", command_string);
+    return -1;
+#else // ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+    return 0;
+#endif // ENABLE_RUN_ON_DEBUG_BREAK
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DebugBreak
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+DebugBreak(
+       VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(DebugBreak);
+    ENTRY("DebugBreak()\n");
+
+    if (DebugBreakCommand() <= 0) {
+        // either didn't do anything, or failed
+        TRACE("Calling DBG_DebugBreak\n");
+        DBG_DebugBreak();
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("DebugBreak returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(DebugBreak);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  IsInDebugBreak(addr)
+
+  Returns true if the address is in DBG_DebugBreak.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+IsInDebugBreak(void *addr)
+{
+    return (addr >= (void *)DBG_DebugBreak) && (addr <= (void *)DBG_DebugBreak_End);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetThreadContext(
+           IN HANDLE hThread,
+           IN OUT LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetThreadContext);
+    ENTRY("GetThreadContext (hThread=%p, lpContext=%p)\n",hThread,lpContext);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_GET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        if (!pTargetThread->IsDummy())
+        {
+            ret = CONTEXT_GetThreadContext(
+                GetCurrentProcessId(),
+                pTargetThread->GetPThreadSelf(),
+                lpContext
+                );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Dummy thread handle passed to GetThreadContext\n");
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("GetThreadContext returns ret:%d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetThreadContext);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetThreadContext(
+           IN HANDLE hThread,
+           IN CONST CONTEXT *lpContext)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetThreadContext);
+    ENTRY("SetThreadContext (hThread=%p, lpContext=%p)\n",hThread,lpContext);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        if (!pTargetThread->IsDummy())
+        {
+            ret = CONTEXT_SetThreadContext(
+                GetCurrentProcessId(),
+                pTargetThread->GetPThreadSelf(),
+                lpContext
+                );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Dummy thread handle passed to SetThreadContext\n");
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+        
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#if !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBGWriteProcMem_Int
+
+Abstract
+  write one int to a process memory address
+
+Parameter
+  processId : process handle
+  addr : memory address where the int should be written
+  data : int to be written in addr
+
+Return
+  Return 1 if it succeeds, or 0 if it's fails
+--*/
+static
+int
+DBGWriteProcMem_Int(IN DWORD processId, 
+                    IN int *addr,
+                    IN int data)
+{
+    if (PAL_PTRACE( PAL_PT_WRITE_D, processId, addr, data ) == -1)
+    {
+        if (errno == EFAULT) 
+        {
+            ERROR("ptrace(PT_WRITE_D, pid:%d caddr_t:%p data:%x) failed "
+                  "errno:%d (%s)\n", processId, addr, data, errno, strerror(errno));
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("ptrace(PT_WRITE_D, pid:%d caddr_t:%p data:%x) failed "
+                  "errno:%d (%s)\n", processId, addr, data, errno, strerror(errno));
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask
+
+Abstract
+  write one int to a process memory address space using mask
+
+Parameter
+  processId : process ID
+  addr : memory address where the int should be written
+  data : int to be written in addr
+  mask : the mask used to write only a parts of data
+
+Return
+  Return 1 if it succeeds, or 0 if it's fails
+--*/
+static
+int
+DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask(IN DWORD processId,
+                            IN int *addr,
+                            IN int data,
+                            IN unsigned int mask )
+{
+    int readInt;
+
+    if (mask != ~0)
+    {
+        errno = 0;
+        if (((readInt = PAL_PTRACE( PAL_PT_READ_D, processId, addr, 0 )) == -1)
+             && errno)
+        {
+            if (errno == EFAULT) 
+            {
+                ERROR("ptrace(PT_READ_D, pid:%d, caddr_t:%p, 0) failed "
+                      "errno:%d (%s)\n", processId, addr, errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("ptrace(PT_READ_D, pid:%d, caddr_t:%p, 0) failed "
+                      "errno:%d (%s)\n", processId, addr, errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+        data = (data & mask) | (readInt & ~mask);
+    }    
+    return DBGWriteProcMem_Int(processId, addr, data);
+}
+#endif  // !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+
+#if !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBGAttachProcess
+
+Abstract  
+  
+  Attach the indicated process to the current process. 
+  
+  if the indicated process is already attached by the current process, then 
+  increment the number of attachment pending. if ot, attach it to the current 
+  process (with PT_ATTACH).
+
+Parameter
+  hProcess : handle to process to attach to
+  processId : process ID to attach
+Return
+  Return true if it succeeds, or false if it's fails
+--*/
+static
+BOOL 
+DBGAttachProcess(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    DWORD processId
+    )
+{
+    int attchmentCount;
+    int savedErrno;
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    int fd = -1;
+    char ctlPath[1024];
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+    attchmentCount = 
+        DBGSetProcessAttached(pThread, hProcess, DBG_ATTACH);
+
+    if (attchmentCount == -1)
+    {
+        /* Failed to set the process as attached */
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    if (attchmentCount == 1)
+    {
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+        struct timespec waitTime;
+
+        // FreeBSD has some trouble when a series of attach/detach sequences
+        // occurs too close together.  When this happens, we'll be able to
+        // attach to the process, but waiting for the process to stop
+        // (either via writing "wait" to /proc/<pid>/ctl or via waitpid)
+        // will hang.  If we pause for a very short amount of time before
+        // trying to attach, we don't run into this situation.
+        waitTime.tv_sec = 0;
+        waitTime.tv_nsec = 50000000;
+        nanosleep(&waitTime, NULL);
+        
+        sprintf_s(ctlPath, sizeof(ctlPath), "/proc/%d/ctl", processId);
+        fd = InternalOpen(ctlPath, O_WRONLY);
+        if (fd == -1)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to open %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+                  errno, strerror(errno));
+            goto DETACH1;
+        }
+        
+        if (write(fd, CTL_ATTACH, sizeof(CTL_ATTACH)) < (int)sizeof(CTL_ATTACH))
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to attach to %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+                  errno, strerror(errno));
+            close(fd);
+            goto DETACH1;
+        }
+        
+        if (write(fd, CTL_WAIT, sizeof(CTL_WAIT)) < (int)sizeof(CTL_WAIT))
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to wait for %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+                  errno, strerror(errno));
+            goto DETACH2;
+        }
+        
+        close(fd);
+#elif HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (ttrace(TT_PROC_ATTACH, processId, 0, TT_DETACH_ON_EXIT, TT_VERSION, 0) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno != ESRCH)
+            {                
+                ASSERT("ttrace(TT_PROC_ATTACH, pid:%d) failed errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                     processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+            }
+            goto DETACH1;
+        }
+#else   // HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (PAL_PTRACE( PAL_PT_ATTACH, processId, 0, 0 ) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno != ESRCH)
+            {                
+                ASSERT("ptrace(PT_ATTACH, pid:%d) failed errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                     processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+            }
+            goto DETACH1;
+        }
+                    
+        if (waitpid(processId, NULL, WUNTRACED) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno != ESRCH)
+            {
+                ASSERT("waitpid(pid:%d, NULL, WUNTRACED) failed.errno:%d"
+                       " (%s)\n", processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+            }
+            goto DETACH2;
+        }
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    }
+    
+    return TRUE;
+
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+DETACH2:
+    if (write(fd, CTL_DETACH, sizeof(CTL_DETACH)) < (int)sizeof(CTL_DETACH))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Failed to detach from %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+               errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+    close(fd);
+#elif !HAVE_TTRACE
+DETACH2:
+    if (PAL_PTRACE(PAL_PT_DETACH, processId, 0, 0) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("ptrace(PT_DETACH, pid:%d) failed. errno:%d (%s)\n", processId, 
+              errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+DETACH1:
+    savedErrno = errno;
+    DBGSetProcessAttached(pThread, hProcess, DBG_DETACH);
+    errno = savedErrno;
+EXIT:
+    if (errno == ESRCH || errno == ENOENT || errno == EBADF)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid process ID:%d\n", processId);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBGDetachProcess
+
+Abstract
+  Detach the indicated process from the current process.
+  
+  if the indicated process is already attached by the current process, then 
+  decrement the number of attachment pending and detach it from the current 
+  process (with PT_DETACH) if there's no more attachment left. 
+  
+Parameter
+  hProcess : process handle
+  processId : process ID
+
+Return
+  Return true if it succeeds, or true if it's fails
+--*/
+static
+BOOL
+DBGDetachProcess(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    DWORD processId
+    )
+{     
+    int nbAttachLeft;
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    int fd = -1;
+    char ctlPath[1024];
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+    nbAttachLeft = DBGSetProcessAttached(pThread, hProcess, DBG_DETACH);    
+
+    if (nbAttachLeft == -1)
+    {
+        /* Failed to set the process as detached */
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    /* check if there's no more attachment left on processId */
+    if (nbAttachLeft == 0)
+    {
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+        sprintf(ctlPath, sizeof(ctlPath), "/proc/%d/ctl", processId);
+        fd = InternalOpen(pThread, ctlPath, O_WRONLY);
+        if (fd == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == ENOENT)
+            {
+                ERROR("Invalid process ID: %d\n", processId);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ERROR("Failed to open %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        
+        if (write(fd, CTL_DETACH, sizeof(CTL_DETACH)) < (int)sizeof(CTL_DETACH))
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to detach from %s: errno is %d (%s)\n", ctlPath,
+                  errno, strerror(errno));
+            close(fd);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        close(fd);
+
+#elif HAVE_TTRACE  
+        if (ttrace(TT_PROC_DETACH, processId, 0, 0, 0, 0) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == ESRCH)
+            {
+                ERROR("Invalid process ID: %d\n", processId);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("ttrace(TT_PROC_DETACH, pid:%d) failed. errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                      processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+#else   // HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (PAL_PTRACE(PAL_PT_DETACH, processId, 1, 0) == -1)
+        {            
+            if (errno == ESRCH)
+            {
+                ERROR("Invalid process ID: %d\n", processId);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("ptrace(PT_DETACH, pid:%d) failed. errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                      processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+#if !HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (kill(processId, SIGCONT) == -1)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to continue the detached process:%d errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                  processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+#endif  // !HAVE_TTRACE        
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBGSetProcessAttached
+
+Abstract
+  saves the current process Id in the attached process structure
+
+Parameter
+  hProcess : process handle
+  bAttach : true (false) to set the process as attached (as detached)
+Return
+ returns the number of attachment left on attachedProcId, or -1 if it fails
+--*/
+static int
+DBGSetProcessAttached(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    BOOL  bAttach
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    int ret = -1;
+    CAllowedObjectTypes aotProcess(otiProcess);
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        0,
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto DBGSetProcessAttachedExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto DBGSetProcessAttachedExit;
+    }
+
+    if (bAttach)
+    {
+        pLocalData->lAttachCount += 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pLocalData->lAttachCount -= 1;
+
+        if (pLocalData->lAttachCount < 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("pLocalData->lAttachCount < 0 check for extra DBGDetachProcess calls\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto DBGSetProcessAttachedExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = pLocalData->lAttachCount;
+    
+DBGSetProcessAttachedExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#endif // !HAVE_VM_READ && !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint
+
+Abstract
+  Creates an OS exec watchpoint for the specified instruction
+  and thread. This function should only be called on architectures
+  that do not support a hardware single-step mode (e.g., SPARC).
+
+Parameter
+  hThread : the thread for which the watchpoint is to apply
+  pvInstruction : the instruction on which the watchpoint is to be set
+
+Return
+  A Win32 error code
+--*/
+
+DWORD
+PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint(
+    HANDLE hThread,
+    PVOID pvInstruction
+    )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint);
+    ENTRY("PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint (hThread=%p, pvInstruction=%p)\n", hThread, pvInstruction);
+
+    DWORD dwError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+#if HAVE_PRWATCH_T
+
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    int fd = -1;
+    char ctlPath[50];
+
+    struct
+    {
+        long ctlCode;
+        prwatch_t prwatch;
+    } ctlStruct;
+
+    //
+    // We must never set a watchpoint on an instruction that enters a syscall;
+    // if such a request comes in we succeed it w/o actually creating the
+    // watchpoint. This mirrors the behavior of setting the single-step flag
+    // in a thread context when the thread is w/in a system service -- the
+    // flag is ignored and will not be present when the thread returns
+    // to user mode.
+    //
+
+#if defined(_SPARC_)
+    if (*(DWORD*)pvInstruction == 0x91d02008) // ta 8
+    {
+        TRACE("Watchpoint requested on sysenter instruction -- ignoring");
+        dwError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        goto PAL_CreateExecWatchpointExit;        
+    }
+#else
+#error Need syscall instruction for this platform
+#endif // _SPARC_
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != dwError)
+    {
+        goto PAL_CreateExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(ctlPath, sizeof(ctlPath), "/proc/%u/lwp/%u/lwpctl", getpid(), pTargetThread->GetLwpId());
+
+    fd = InternalOpen(pThread, ctlPath, O_WRONLY);
+    if (-1 == fd)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to open %s\n", ctlPath);
+        dwError = ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS;
+        goto PAL_CreateExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    ctlStruct.ctlCode = PCWATCH;
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_vaddr = (uintptr_t) pvInstruction;
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_size = sizeof(DWORD);
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_wflags = WA_EXEC | WA_TRAPAFTER;
+
+    if (write(fd, (void*) &ctlStruct, sizeof(ctlStruct)) != sizeof(ctlStruct))
+    {
+        ERROR("Failure writing control structure (errno = %u)\n", errno);
+        dwError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto PAL_CreateExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    dwError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    
+PAL_CreateExecWatchpointExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (-1 != fd)
+    {
+        close(fd);
+    }
+
+#endif // HAVE_PRWATCH_T     
+    
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint returns ret:%d\n", dwError);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_CreateExecWatchpoint);
+    return dwError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint
+
+Abstract
+  Deletes an OS exec watchpoint for the specified instruction
+  and thread. This function should only be called on architectures
+  that do not support a hardware single-step mode (e.g., SPARC).
+
+Parameter
+  hThread : the thread to remove the watchpoint from
+  pvInstruction : the instruction for which the watchpoint is to be removed
+
+Return
+  A Win32 error code. Attempting to delete a watchpoint that does not exist
+  may or may not result in an error, depending on the behavior of the
+  underlying operating system.
+--*/
+
+DWORD
+PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint(
+    HANDLE hThread,
+    PVOID pvInstruction
+    )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint);
+    ENTRY("PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint (hThread=%p, pvInstruction=%p)\n", hThread, pvInstruction);
+
+    DWORD dwError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+
+#if HAVE_PRWATCH_T
+
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    int fd = -1;
+    char ctlPath[50];
+
+    struct
+    {
+        long ctlCode;
+        prwatch_t prwatch;
+    } ctlStruct;
+
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != dwError)
+    {
+        goto PAL_DeleteExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    snprintf(ctlPath, sizeof(ctlPath), "/proc/%u/lwp/%u/lwpctl", getpid(), pTargetThread->GetLwpId());
+
+    fd = InternalOpen(pThread, ctlPath, O_WRONLY);
+    if (-1 == fd)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to open %s\n", ctlPath);
+        dwError = ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS;
+        goto PAL_DeleteExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    ctlStruct.ctlCode = PCWATCH;
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_vaddr = (uintptr_t) pvInstruction;
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_size = sizeof(DWORD);
+    ctlStruct.prwatch.pr_wflags = 0;
+
+    if (write(fd, (void*) &ctlStruct, sizeof(ctlStruct)) != sizeof(ctlStruct))
+    {
+        ERROR("Failure writing control structure (errno = %u)\n", errno);
+        dwError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto PAL_DeleteExecWatchpointExit;
+    }
+
+    dwError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    
+PAL_DeleteExecWatchpointExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (-1 != fd)
+    {
+        close(fd);
+    }
+
+#endif // HAVE_PRWATCH_T    
+    
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint returns ret:%d\n", dwError);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_DeleteExecWatchpoint);
+    return dwError;
+}
+
+// We want to enable hardware exception handling for ReadProcessMemory
+// and WriteProcessMemory in all cases since it is acceptable if they
+// hit AVs, so redefine HardwareExceptionHolder for these two functions
+// (here to the end of the file).
+#undef HardwareExceptionHolder
+#define HardwareExceptionHolder CatchHardwareExceptionHolder __catchHardwareException;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReadProcessMemory
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReadProcessMemory(
+           IN HANDLE hProcess,
+           IN LPCVOID lpBaseAddress,
+           IN LPVOID lpBuffer,
+           IN SIZE_T nSize,
+           OUT SIZE_T * lpNumberOfBytesRead
+           )
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD processId;
+    Volatile<BOOL> ret = FALSE;
+    Volatile<SIZE_T> numberOfBytesRead = 0;
+#if HAVE_VM_READ
+    kern_return_t result;
+    vm_map_t task;
+    LONG_PTR bytesToRead;
+#elif HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    int fd = -1;
+    char memPath[64];
+    off_t offset;
+#elif !HAVE_TTRACE
+    SIZE_T nbInts;
+    int* ptrInt;
+    int* lpTmpBuffer;
+#endif
+#if !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+    int* lpBaseAddressAligned;
+    SIZE_T offset;
+#endif  // !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL && !HAVE_TTRACE
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReadProcessMemory);
+    ENTRY("ReadProcessMemory (hProcess=%p,lpBaseAddress=%p, lpBuffer=%p, "
+          "nSize=%u, lpNumberOfBytesRead=%p)\n",hProcess,lpBaseAddress,
+          lpBuffer, (unsigned int)nSize, lpNumberOfBytesRead);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (!(processId = PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hProcess)))
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid process handler hProcess:%p.",hProcess);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    // Check if the read request is for the current process. 
+    // We don't need ptrace in that case.
+    if (GetCurrentProcessId() == processId) 
+    {
+        TRACE("We are in the same process, so ptrace is not needed\n");
+        
+        struct Param
+        {
+            LPCVOID lpBaseAddress;
+            LPVOID lpBuffer;
+            SIZE_T nSize;
+            SIZE_T numberOfBytesRead;
+            BOOL ret;
+        } param;
+        param.lpBaseAddress = lpBaseAddress;
+        param.lpBuffer = lpBuffer;
+        param.nSize = nSize;
+        param.numberOfBytesRead = numberOfBytesRead;
+        param.ret = ret;
+
+        PAL_TRY(Param *, pParam, &param)
+        {
+            SIZE_T i;
+            
+            // Seg fault in memcpy can't be caught
+            // so we simulate the memcpy here
+
+            for (i = 0; i<pParam->nSize; i++)
+            {
+                *((char*)(pParam->lpBuffer)+i) = *((char*)(pParam->lpBaseAddress)+i);
+            }
+
+            pParam->numberOfBytesRead = pParam->nSize;
+            pParam->ret = TRUE;
+        }
+        PAL_EXCEPT(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+        }
+        PAL_ENDTRY
+
+        numberOfBytesRead = param.numberOfBytesRead;
+        ret = param.ret;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_VM_READ
+    result = task_for_pid(mach_task_self(), processId, &task);
+    if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ERROR("No Mach task for pid %d: %d\n", processId, ret.Load());
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    // vm_read_overwrite usually requires that the address be page-aligned
+    // and the size be a multiple of the page size.  We can't differentiate
+    // between the cases in which that's required and those in which it
+    // isn't, so we do it all the time.
+    lpBaseAddressAligned = (int*)((SIZE_T) lpBaseAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK);
+    offset = ((SIZE_T) lpBaseAddress & VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK);
+    char *data;
+    data = (char*)alloca(VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+    while (nSize > 0)
+    {
+        vm_size_t bytesRead;
+        
+        bytesToRead = VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE - offset;
+        if (bytesToRead > (LONG_PTR)nSize)
+        {
+            bytesToRead = nSize;
+        }
+        bytesRead = VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+        result = vm_read_overwrite(task, (vm_address_t) lpBaseAddressAligned,
+                                   VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE, (vm_address_t) data, &bytesRead);
+        if (result != KERN_SUCCESS || bytesRead != VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE)
+        {
+            ERROR("vm_read_overwrite failed for %d bytes from %p in %d: %d\n",
+                  VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE, (char *) lpBaseAddressAligned, task, result);
+            if (result <= KERN_RETURN_MAX)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        memcpy((LPSTR)lpBuffer + numberOfBytesRead, data + offset, bytesToRead);
+        numberOfBytesRead.Store(numberOfBytesRead.Load() + bytesToRead);
+        lpBaseAddressAligned = (int*)((char*)lpBaseAddressAligned + VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+        nSize -= bytesToRead;
+        offset = 0;
+    }
+    ret = TRUE;
+#else   // HAVE_VM_READ
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    snprintf(memPath, sizeof(memPath), "/proc/%u/%s", processId, PROCFS_MEM_NAME);
+    fd = InternalOpen(memPath, O_RDONLY);
+    if (fd == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to open %s\n", memPath);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+        goto PROCFSCLEANUP;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // off_t may be greater in size than void*, so first cast to
+    // an unsigned type to ensure that no sign extension takes place
+    //
+
+    offset = (off_t) (UINT_PTR) lpBaseAddress;
+
+    if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to seek to base address\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+        goto PROCFSCLEANUP;
+    }
+    
+    numberOfBytesRead = read(fd, lpBuffer, nSize);
+    ret = TRUE;
+
+#else   // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    // Attach the process before calling ttrace/ptrace otherwise it fails.
+    if (DBGAttachProcess(pThread, hProcess, processId))
+    {
+#if HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (ttrace(TT_PROC_RDDATA, processId, 0, (__uint64_t)lpBaseAddress, (__uint64_t)nSize, (__uint64_t)lpBuffer) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EFAULT) 
+            {
+                ERROR("ttrace(TT_PROC_RDDATA, pid:%d, 0, addr:%p, data:%d, addr2:%d) failed"
+                      " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddress, (int)nSize, lpBuffer,
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                
+                SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("ttrace(TT_PROC_RDDATA, pid:%d, 0, addr:%p, data:%d, addr2:%d) failed"
+                      " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddress, (int)nSize, lpBuffer,
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+
+        numberOfBytesRead = nSize;
+        ret = TRUE;
+        
+#else   // HAVE_TTRACE
+
+        offset = (SIZE_T)lpBaseAddress % sizeof(int);
+        lpBaseAddressAligned =  (int*)((char*)lpBaseAddress - offset);
+        nbInts = (nSize + offset)/sizeof(int) + 
+                 ((nSize + offset)%sizeof(int) ? 1:0);
+        
+        /* before transferring any data to lpBuffer we should make sure that all 
+           data is accessible for read. so we need to use a temp buffer for that.*/
+        if (!(lpTmpBuffer = (int*)InternalMalloc((nbInts * sizeof(int)))))
+        {
+            ERROR("Insufficient memory available !\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+        
+        for (ptrInt = lpTmpBuffer; nbInts; ptrInt++,
+            lpBaseAddressAligned++, nbInts--)
+        {
+            errno = 0;
+            *ptrInt =
+                PAL_PTRACE(PAL_PT_READ_D, processId, lpBaseAddressAligned, 0);
+            if (*ptrInt == -1 && errno) 
+            {
+                if (errno == EFAULT) 
+                {
+                    ERROR("ptrace(PT_READ_D, pid:%d, addr:%p, data:0) failed"
+                          " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddressAligned,
+                          errno, strerror(errno));
+                    
+                    SetLastError(ptrInt == lpTmpBuffer ? ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED : 
+                                                         ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ASSERT("ptrace(PT_READ_D, pid:%d, addr:%p, data:0) failed"
+                          " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddressAligned,
+                          errno, strerror(errno));
+                    SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                }
+                
+                goto CLEANUP2;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /* transfer data from temp buffer to lpBuffer */
+        memcpy( (char *)lpBuffer, ((char*)lpTmpBuffer) + offset, nSize);
+        numberOfBytesRead = nSize;
+        ret = TRUE;
+#endif // HAVE_TTRACE        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Failed to attach processId */
+        goto EXIT;    
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+PROCFSCLEANUP:
+    if (fd != -1)
+    {
+        close(fd);
+    }    
+#elif !HAVE_TTRACE
+CLEANUP2:
+    if (lpTmpBuffer) 
+    {
+        free(lpTmpBuffer);
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_TTRACE
+
+#if !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+CLEANUP1:
+    if (!DBGDetachProcess(pThread, hProcess, processId))
+    {
+        /* Failed to detach processId */
+        ret = FALSE;
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#endif  // HAVE_VM_READ
+
+EXIT:
+    if (lpNumberOfBytesRead)
+    {
+        *lpNumberOfBytesRead = numberOfBytesRead;
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("ReadProcessMemory returns BOOL %d\n", ret.Load());
+    PERF_EXIT(ReadProcessMemory);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WriteProcessMemory
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+WriteProcessMemory(
+           IN HANDLE hProcess,
+           IN LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
+           IN LPCVOID lpBuffer,
+           IN SIZE_T nSize,
+           OUT SIZE_T * lpNumberOfBytesWritten
+           )
+
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD processId;
+    Volatile<BOOL> ret = FALSE;
+    Volatile<SIZE_T> numberOfBytesWritten = 0;
+#if HAVE_VM_READ
+    kern_return_t result;
+    vm_map_t task;
+#elif HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    int fd = -1;
+    char memPath[64];
+    LONG_PTR bytesWritten;
+    off_t offset;
+#elif !HAVE_TTRACE
+    SIZE_T FirstIntOffset;
+    SIZE_T LastIntOffset;
+    unsigned int FirstIntMask;
+    unsigned int LastIntMask;
+    SIZE_T nbInts;
+    int *lpTmpBuffer = 0, *lpInt;
+    int* lpBaseAddressAligned;
+#endif
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WriteProcessMemory);
+    ENTRY("WriteProcessMemory (hProcess=%p,lpBaseAddress=%p, lpBuffer=%p, "
+           "nSize=%u, lpNumberOfBytesWritten=%p)\n",
+           hProcess,lpBaseAddress, lpBuffer, (unsigned int)nSize, lpNumberOfBytesWritten); 
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (!(nSize && (processId = PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hProcess))))
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid nSize:%u number or invalid process handler "
+              "hProcess:%p\n", (unsigned int)nSize, hProcess);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    // Check if the write request is for the current process.
+    // In that case we don't need ptrace.
+    if (GetCurrentProcessId() == processId) 
+    {
+        TRACE("We are in the same process so we don't need ptrace\n");
+        
+        struct Param
+        {
+            LPVOID lpBaseAddress;
+            LPCVOID lpBuffer;
+            SIZE_T nSize;
+            SIZE_T numberOfBytesWritten;
+            BOOL ret;
+        } param;
+        param.lpBaseAddress = lpBaseAddress;
+        param.lpBuffer = lpBuffer;
+        param.nSize = nSize;
+        param.numberOfBytesWritten = numberOfBytesWritten;
+        param.ret = ret;
+
+        PAL_TRY(Param *, pParam, &param)
+        {
+            SIZE_T i;
+            
+            // Seg fault in memcpy can't be caught
+            // so we simulate the memcpy here
+
+            for (i = 0; i<pParam->nSize; i++)
+            {
+                *((char*)(pParam->lpBaseAddress)+i) = *((char*)(pParam->lpBuffer)+i);
+            }
+
+            pParam->numberOfBytesWritten = pParam->nSize;
+            pParam->ret = TRUE;
+        } 
+        PAL_EXCEPT(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+        }
+        PAL_ENDTRY
+
+        numberOfBytesWritten = param.numberOfBytesWritten;
+        ret = param.ret;
+        goto EXIT;        
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_VM_READ
+    result = task_for_pid(mach_task_self(), processId, &task);
+    if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ERROR("No Mach task for pid %d: %d\n", processId, ret.Load());
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    result = vm_write(task, (vm_address_t) lpBaseAddress, 
+                      (vm_address_t) lpBuffer, nSize);
+    if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ERROR("vm_write failed for %d bytes from %p in %d: %d\n",
+              (int)nSize, lpBaseAddress, task, result);
+        if (result <= KERN_RETURN_MAX)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    numberOfBytesWritten = nSize;
+    ret = TRUE;
+#else   // HAVE_VM_READ
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    snprintf(memPath, sizeof(memPath), "/proc/%u/%s", processId, PROCFS_MEM_NAME);
+    fd = InternalOpen(memPath, O_WRONLY);
+    if (fd == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to open %s\n", memPath);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+        goto PROCFSCLEANUP;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // off_t may be greater in size than void*, so first cast to
+    // an unsigned type to ensure that no sign extension takes place
+    //
+
+    offset = (off_t) (UINT_PTR) lpBaseAddress;
+
+    if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to seek to base address\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+        goto PROCFSCLEANUP;
+    }
+    
+    bytesWritten = write(fd, lpBuffer, nSize);
+    if (bytesWritten < 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to write to %s\n", memPath);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS);
+        goto PROCFSCLEANUP;
+    }
+
+    numberOfBytesWritten = bytesWritten;
+    ret = TRUE;
+
+#else   // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+    /* Attach the process before calling ptrace otherwise it fails */
+    if (DBGAttachProcess(pThread, hProcess, processId))
+    {
+#if HAVE_TTRACE
+        if (ttrace(TT_PROC_WRDATA, processId, 0, (__uint64_t)lpBaseAddress, (__uint64_t)nSize, (__uint64_t)lpBuffer) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EFAULT) 
+            {
+                ERROR("ttrace(TT_PROC_WRDATA, pid:%d, addr:%p, data:%d, addr2:%d) failed"
+                      " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddress, nSize, lpBuffer,
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                
+                SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("ttrace(TT_PROC_WRDATA, pid:%d, addr:%p, data:%d, addr2:%d) failed"
+                      " errno=%d (%s)\n", processId, lpBaseAddress, nSize, lpBuffer,
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+
+        numberOfBytesWritten = nSize;
+        ret = TRUE;
+        
+#else   // HAVE_TTRACE
+
+        FirstIntOffset = (SIZE_T)lpBaseAddress % sizeof(int);    
+        FirstIntMask = -1;
+        FirstIntMask <<= (FirstIntOffset * 8);
+        
+        nbInts = (nSize + FirstIntOffset) / sizeof(int) + 
+                 (((nSize + FirstIntOffset)%sizeof(int)) ? 1:0);
+        lpBaseAddressAligned = (int*)((char*)lpBaseAddress - FirstIntOffset);
+        
+        if ((lpTmpBuffer = (int*)InternalMalloc((nbInts * sizeof(int)))) == NULL)
+        {
+            ERROR("Insufficient memory available !\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+
+        memcpy((char *)lpTmpBuffer + FirstIntOffset, (char *)lpBuffer, nSize);
+        lpInt = lpTmpBuffer;
+
+        LastIntOffset = (nSize + FirstIntOffset) % sizeof(int);
+        LastIntMask = -1;
+        LastIntMask >>= ((sizeof(int) - LastIntOffset) * 8);
+
+        if (nbInts == 1)
+        {
+            if (DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask(processId, lpBaseAddressAligned, 
+                                            *lpInt,
+                                            LastIntMask & FirstIntMask)
+                  == 0)
+            {
+                goto CLEANUP2;
+            }
+            numberOfBytesWritten = nSize;
+            ret = TRUE;
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        if (DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask(processId,
+                                        lpBaseAddressAligned++,
+                                        *lpInt++, FirstIntMask) 
+            == 0)
+        {
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        while (--nbInts > 1)
+        {      
+          if (DBGWriteProcMem_Int(processId, lpBaseAddressAligned++,
+                                  *lpInt++) == 0)
+          {
+              goto CLEANUP2;
+          }
+        }
+        
+        if (DBGWriteProcMem_IntWithMask(processId, lpBaseAddressAligned,
+                                        *lpInt, LastIntMask ) == 0)
+        {
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        numberOfBytesWritten = nSize;
+        ret = TRUE;
+#endif  // HAVE_TTRACE
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Failed to attach processId */
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+
+#if HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+PROCFSCLEANUP:
+    if (fd != -1)
+    {
+        close(fd);
+    }
+#elif !HAVE_TTRACE
+CLEANUP2:
+    if (lpTmpBuffer) 
+    {
+        free(lpTmpBuffer);
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_TTRACE
+
+#if !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+CLEANUP1:
+    if (!DBGDetachProcess(pThread, hProcess, processId))
+    {
+        /* Failed to detach processId */
+        ret = FALSE;
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_PROCFS_CTL
+#endif  // HAVE_VM_READ
+
+EXIT:
+    if (lpNumberOfBytesWritten)
+    {
+        *lpNumberOfBytesWritten = numberOfBytesWritten;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("WriteProcessMemory returns BOOL %d\n", ret.Load());
+    PERF_EXIT(WriteProcessMemory);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+} // extern "C"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/examples/CMakeLists.txt b/src/pal/src/examples/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2cef914892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.12.2)
+project(palexmpl)
+
+set(CMAKE_INCLUDE_CURRENT_DIR ON)
+
+set(SOURCES
+  example1.c
+)
+
+add_executable(palexmpl
+  ${SOURCES}
+)
+
+add_dependencies(palexmpl coreclrpal)
+
+target_link_libraries(palexmpl
+  coreclrpal
+)
diff --git a/src/pal/src/examples/example1.c b/src/pal/src/examples/example1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..071f42e4f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/examples/example1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*
+
+ *
+ * Example of minimal program running under PAL.
+ *
+ * Run it using:
+ *   export PAL_DBG_CHANNELS="+all.all"
+ *   export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:..
+ *   ./example1
+ *
+ * With the PAL_DEBUG_CHANNELS environment variable set as above you
+ * should see a trace output when the program runs. Setting
+ * LD_LIBRARY_PATH is necessary unless you have installed librotor_pal.so in
+ * a standard location.
+ *
+ * Build notes :
+ * Since the PAL uses pthreads, some options must be passed to gcc to tell it
+ * to link against thread-safe versions of the standard libraries.
+ * On FreeBSD, use gcc -pthread
+ *
+ */
+
+#include <pal.h>
+extern void *dlopen(const char *file, int mode);
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[])
+{
+  WCHAR  src[4] = {'f', 'o', 'o', '\0'};
+  WCHAR dest[4] = {'b', 'a', 'r', '\0'};
+  WCHAR  dir[5] = {'/', 't', 'm', 'p', '\0'};
+  HANDLE h;
+  unsigned int b;
+
+  PAL_Initialize(argc, (const char**)argv);
+  SetCurrentDirectoryW(dir);
+  SetCurrentDirectoryW(dir);
+  h =  CreateFileW(src, GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_NEW, 0, NULL);
+  WriteFile(h, "Testing\n", 8, &b, FALSE);
+  CloseHandle(h);
+  CopyFileW(src, dest, FALSE);
+  DeleteFileW(src);
+  PAL_Terminate();
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.cpp b/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8b0d7f22a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1612 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+Module Name:
+
+    machexception.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of MACH exception API functions.
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(EXCEPT); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "machexception.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+#include "pal/context.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/map.hpp"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+
+#include "machmessage.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <mach-o/loader.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+// The port we use to handle exceptions and to set the thread context
+mach_port_t s_ExceptionPort;
+
+static BOOL s_DebugInitialized = FALSE;
+
+static DWORD s_PalInitializeFlags = 0;
+
+static const char * PAL_MACH_EXCEPTION_MODE = "PAL_MachExceptionMode";
+
+// This struct is used to track the threads that need to have an exception forwarded
+// to the next thread level port in the chain (if exists). An entry is added by the
+// faulting sending a special message to the exception thread which saves it on an
+// list that is searched when the restarted exception notification is received again.
+struct ForwardedException
+{
+    ForwardedException *m_next;
+    thread_act_t Thread;
+    exception_type_t ExceptionType;
+    CPalThread *PalThread;
+};
+
+// The singly linked list and enumerator for the ForwardException struct
+struct ForwardedExceptionList
+{
+private:
+    ForwardedException *m_head;
+    ForwardedException *m_previous;
+
+public:
+    ForwardedException *Current;
+
+    ForwardedExceptionList()
+    {
+        m_head = NULL;
+        MoveFirst();
+    }
+
+    void MoveFirst()
+    {
+        Current = m_head;
+        m_previous = NULL;
+    }
+
+    bool IsEOL()
+    {
+        return Current == NULL;
+    }
+
+    void MoveNext()
+    {
+        m_previous = Current;
+        Current = Current->m_next;
+    }
+
+    void Add(ForwardedException *item)
+    {
+        item->m_next = m_head;
+        m_head = item;
+    }
+
+    void Delete()
+    {
+        if (m_previous == NULL)
+        {
+            m_head = Current->m_next;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_previous->m_next = Current->m_next;
+        }
+        free(Current);
+
+        Current = m_head;
+        m_previous = NULL;
+    }
+};
+
+enum MachExceptionMode
+{
+    // special value to indicate we've not initialized yet
+    MachException_Uninitialized     = -1,
+
+    // These can be combined with bitwise OR to incrementally turn off
+    // functionality for diagnostics purposes.
+    //
+    // In practice, the following values are probably useful:
+    //   1: Don't turn illegal instructions into SEH exceptions.
+    //      On Intel, stack misalignment usually shows up as an
+    //      illegal instruction.  PAL client code shouldn't
+    //      expect to see any of these, so this option should
+    //      always be safe to set.
+    //   2: Don't listen for breakpoint exceptions.  This makes an
+    //      SEH-based debugger (i.e., managed debugger) unusable,
+    //      but you may need this option if you find that native
+    //      breakpoints you set in PAL-dependent code don't work
+    //      (causing hangs or crashes in the native debugger).
+    //   3: Combination of the above.
+    //      This is the typical setting for development
+    //      (unless you're working on the managed debugger).
+    //   7: In addition to the above, don't turn bad accesses and
+    //      arithmetic exceptions into SEH.
+    //      This is the typical setting for stress.
+    MachException_SuppressIllegal   = 1,
+    MachException_SuppressDebugging = 2,
+    MachException_SuppressManaged   = 4,
+
+    // Default value to use if environment variable not set.
+    MachException_Default           = 0,
+};
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    GetExceptionMask()
+
+    Returns the mach exception mask for the exceptions to hook for a thread.
+
+Return value :
+    mach exception mask
+--*/
+static 
+exception_mask_t 
+GetExceptionMask()
+{
+    static MachExceptionMode exMode = MachException_Uninitialized;
+
+    if (exMode == MachException_Uninitialized)
+    {
+        exMode = MachException_Default;
+
+        char* exceptionSettings = EnvironGetenv(PAL_MACH_EXCEPTION_MODE);
+        if (exceptionSettings)
+        {
+            exMode = (MachExceptionMode)atoi(exceptionSettings);
+            free(exceptionSettings);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (PAL_IsDebuggerPresent())
+            {
+                exMode = MachException_SuppressDebugging;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    exception_mask_t machExceptionMask = 0;
+    if (!(exMode & MachException_SuppressIllegal))
+    {
+        machExceptionMask |= PAL_EXC_ILLEGAL_MASK;
+    }
+    if (!(exMode & MachException_SuppressDebugging) && (s_PalInitializeFlags & PAL_INITIALIZE_DEBUGGER_EXCEPTIONS))
+    {
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        // Always hook exception ports for breakpoint exceptions.
+        // The reason is that we don't know when a managed debugger
+        // will attach, so we have to be prepared.  We don't want
+        // to later go through the thread list and hook exception
+        // ports for exactly those threads that currently are in
+        // this PAL.
+        machExceptionMask |= PAL_EXC_DEBUGGING_MASK;
+#else // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        if (s_DebugInitialized)
+        {
+            machExceptionMask |= PAL_EXC_DEBUGGING_MASK;
+        }
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    }
+    if (!(exMode & MachException_SuppressManaged))
+    {
+        machExceptionMask |= PAL_EXC_MANAGED_MASK;
+    }
+
+    return machExceptionMask;
+}
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CPalThread::EnableMachExceptions 
+
+    Hook Mach exceptions, i.e., call thread_swap_exception_ports
+    to replace the thread's current exception ports with our own.
+    The previously active exception ports are saved.  Called when
+    this thread enters a region of code that depends on this PAL.
+
+Return value :
+    ERROR_SUCCESS, if enabling succeeded
+    an error code, otherwise
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR CorUnix::CPalThread::EnableMachExceptions()
+{
+    TRACE("%08X: Enter()\n", (unsigned int)(size_t)this);
+
+    exception_mask_t machExceptionMask = GetExceptionMask();
+    if (machExceptionMask != 0)
+    {
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        // verify that the arrays we've allocated to hold saved exception ports
+        // are the right size.
+        exception_mask_t countBits = PAL_EXC_ALL_MASK;
+        countBits = ((countBits & 0xAAAAAAAA) >>  1) + (countBits & 0x55555555);
+        countBits = ((countBits & 0xCCCCCCCC) >>  2) + (countBits & 0x33333333);
+        countBits = ((countBits & 0xF0F0F0F0) >>  4) + (countBits & 0x0F0F0F0F);
+        countBits = ((countBits & 0xFF00FF00) >>  8) + (countBits & 0x00FF00FF);
+        countBits = ((countBits & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16) + (countBits & 0x0000FFFF);
+        if (countBits != static_cast<exception_mask_t>(CThreadMachExceptionHandlers::s_nPortsMax))
+        {
+            ASSERT("s_nPortsMax is %u, but needs to be %u\n",
+                   CThreadMachExceptionHandlers::s_nPortsMax, countBits);
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        NONPAL_TRACE("Enabling handlers for thread %08x exception mask %08x exception port %08x\n", 
+            GetMachPortSelf(), machExceptionMask, s_ExceptionPort);
+
+        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers *pSavedHandlers = GetSavedMachHandlers();
+
+        // Swap current handlers into temporary storage first. That's because it's possible (even likely) that
+        // some or all of the handlers might still be ours. In those cases we don't want to overwrite the
+        // chain-back entries with these useless self-references.
+        kern_return_t machret;
+        kern_return_t machretDeallocate;
+        thread_port_t thread = mach_thread_self();
+
+        machret = thread_swap_exception_ports(
+            thread,
+            machExceptionMask,
+            s_ExceptionPort,
+            EXCEPTION_DEFAULT | MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES,
+            THREAD_STATE_NONE,
+            pSavedHandlers->m_masks,
+            &pSavedHandlers->m_nPorts,
+            pSavedHandlers->m_handlers,
+            pSavedHandlers->m_behaviors,
+            pSavedHandlers->m_flavors);
+
+        machretDeallocate = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), thread);
+        CHECK_MACH("mach_port_deallocate", machretDeallocate);
+
+        if (machret != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("thread_swap_exception_ports failed: %d %s\n", machret, mach_error_string(machret));
+            return UTIL_MachErrorToPalError(machret);
+        }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        NONPAL_TRACE("EnableMachExceptions: THREAD PORT count %d\n", pSavedHandlers->m_nPorts);
+        for (mach_msg_type_number_t i = 0; i < pSavedHandlers->m_nPorts; i++)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(pSavedHandlers->m_handlers[i] != s_ExceptionPort);
+            NONPAL_TRACE("EnableMachExceptions: THREAD PORT mask %08x handler: %08x behavior %08x flavor %u\n",
+                pSavedHandlers->m_masks[i],
+                pSavedHandlers->m_handlers[i],
+                pSavedHandlers->m_behaviors[i],
+                pSavedHandlers->m_flavors[i]);
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+    }
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CPalThread::DisableMachExceptions
+
+    Unhook Mach exceptions, i.e., call thread_set_exception_ports
+    to restore the thread's exception ports with those we saved
+    in EnableMachExceptions.  Called when this thread leaves a
+    region of code that depends on this PAL.
+
+Return value :
+    ERROR_SUCCESS, if disabling succeeded
+    an error code, otherwise
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR CorUnix::CPalThread::DisableMachExceptions()
+{
+    TRACE("%08X: Leave()\n", (unsigned int)(size_t)this);
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    // We only store exceptions when we're installing exceptions.
+    if (0 == GetExceptionMask())
+        return palError;
+    
+    // Get the handlers to restore.
+    CThreadMachExceptionHandlers *savedPorts = GetSavedMachHandlers();
+
+    kern_return_t MachRet = KERN_SUCCESS;
+    for (int i = 0; i < savedPorts->m_nPorts; i++)
+    {
+        // If no handler was ever set, thread_swap_exception_ports returns
+        // MACH_PORT_NULL for the handler and zero values for behavior
+        // and flavor.  Unfortunately, the latter are invalid even for
+        // MACH_PORT_NULL when you use thread_set_exception_ports.
+        exception_behavior_t behavior = savedPorts->m_behaviors[i] ? savedPorts->m_behaviors[i] : EXCEPTION_DEFAULT;
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor = savedPorts->m_flavors[i] ? savedPorts->m_flavors[i] : MACHINE_THREAD_STATE;
+        thread_port_t thread = mach_thread_self();
+        MachRet = thread_set_exception_ports(thread,
+                                             savedPorts->m_masks[i],
+                                             savedPorts->m_handlers[i],
+                                             behavior,
+                                             flavor);
+
+        kern_return_t MachRetDeallocate = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), thread);
+        CHECK_MACH("mach_port_deallocate", MachRetDeallocate);
+                                             
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+            break;
+    }
+    
+    if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("thread_set_exception_ports failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+        palError = UTIL_MachErrorToPalError(MachRet);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+#else // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHEnableMachExceptions 
+
+    Enable SEH-related stuff related to mach exceptions
+
+    (no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if enabling succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHEnableMachExceptions()
+{
+    exception_mask_t machExceptionMask = GetExceptionMask();
+    if (machExceptionMask != 0)
+    {
+        kern_return_t MachRet;
+        MachRet = task_set_exception_ports(mach_task_self(),
+                                           machExceptionMask,
+                                           s_ExceptionPort,
+                                           EXCEPTION_DEFAULT,
+                                           MACHINE_THREAD_STATE);
+
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("task_set_exception_ports failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(MachRet);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHDisableMachExceptions
+
+    Disable SEH-related stuff related to mach exceptions
+
+    (no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if enabling succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHDisableMachExceptions()
+{
+    exception_mask_t machExceptionMask = GetExceptionMask();
+    if (machExceptionMask != 0)
+    {
+        kern_return_t MachRet;
+        MachRet = task_set_exception_ports(mach_task_self(),
+                                           machExceptionMask,
+                                           MACH_PORT_NULL,
+                                           EXCEPTION_DEFAULT,
+                                           MACHINE_THREAD_STATE);
+
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("task_set_exception_ports failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(MachRet);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+#if !defined(_AMD64_)
+extern "C"
+void PAL_DispatchException(PCONTEXT pContext, PEXCEPTION_RECORD pExRecord, MachExceptionInfo *pMachExceptionInfo)
+#else // defined(_AMD64_)
+
+// Since HijackFaultingThread pushed the context, exception record and info on the stack, we need to adjust the 
+// signature of PAL_DispatchException such that the corresponding arguments are considered to be on the stack 
+// per GCC64 calling convention rules. Hence, the first 6 dummy arguments (corresponding to RDI, RSI, RDX,RCX, R8, R9).
+extern "C"
+void PAL_DispatchException(DWORD64 dwRDI, DWORD64 dwRSI, DWORD64 dwRDX, DWORD64 dwRCX, DWORD64 dwR8, DWORD64 dwR9, PCONTEXT pContext, PEXCEPTION_RECORD pExRecord, MachExceptionInfo *pMachExceptionInfo)
+#endif // !defined(_AMD64_)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+#if FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    if (!pThread->IsInPal())
+    {
+        // It's now possible to observe system exceptions in code running outside the PAL (as the result of a
+        // p/invoke since we no longer revert our Mach exception ports in this case). In that scenario we need
+        // to re-enter the PAL now as the exception signals the end of the p/invoke.
+        PAL_Reenter(PAL_BoundaryBottom);
+    }
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+    CONTEXT *contextRecord;
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *exceptionRecord;
+    AllocateExceptionRecords(&exceptionRecord, &contextRecord);
+
+    *contextRecord = *pContext;
+    *exceptionRecord = *pExRecord;
+
+    contextRecord->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_EXCEPTION_ACTIVE;
+    bool continueExecution;
+
+    {
+        // The exception object takes ownership of the exceptionRecord and contextRecord
+        PAL_SEHException exception(exceptionRecord, contextRecord);
+
+        TRACE("PAL_DispatchException(EC %08x EA %p)\n", pExRecord->ExceptionCode, pExRecord->ExceptionAddress);
+
+        continueExecution = SEHProcessException(&exception);
+        if (continueExecution)
+        {
+            // Make a copy of the exception records so that we can free them before restoring the context
+            *pContext = *contextRecord;
+            *pExRecord = *exceptionRecord;
+        }
+
+        // The exception records are destroyed by the PAL_SEHException destructor now.
+    }
+
+    if (continueExecution)
+    {
+        RtlRestoreContext(pContext, pExRecord);
+    }
+
+    // Send the forward request to the exception thread to process
+    MachMessage sSendMessage;
+    sSendMessage.SendForwardException(s_ExceptionPort, pMachExceptionInfo, pThread);
+
+    // Spin wait until this thread is hijacked by the exception thread
+    while (TRUE)
+    {
+        sched_yield();
+    }
+}
+
+#if defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_)
+extern "C" void PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper();
+extern "C" int PAL_DispatchExceptionReturnOffset;
+#endif // _X86_ || _AMD64_
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    BuildExceptionRecord
+
+    Sets up up an ExceptionRecord from an exception message
+
+Parameters :
+    exceptionInfo - exception info to build the exception record
+    pExceptionRecord - exception record to setup
+*/
+static 
+void 
+BuildExceptionRecord(
+    MachExceptionInfo& exceptionInfo,               // [in] exception info
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *pExceptionRecord)             // [out] Used to return exception parameters
+{
+    memset(pExceptionRecord, 0, sizeof(EXCEPTION_RECORD));
+
+    DWORD exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+
+    switch(exceptionInfo.ExceptionType)
+    {
+    // Could not access memory. subcode contains the bad memory address. 
+    case EXC_BAD_ACCESS:
+        if (exceptionInfo.SubcodeCount != 2)
+        {
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Got an unexpected subcode");
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
+
+            pExceptionRecord->NumberParameters = 2;
+            pExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[0] = 0;
+            pExceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1] = exceptionInfo.Subcodes[1];
+            NONPAL_TRACE("subcodes[1] = %llx\n", exceptionInfo.Subcodes[1]);
+        }
+        break;
+
+    // Instruction failed. Illegal or undefined instruction or operand. 
+    case EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION :
+        // TODO: Identify privileged instruction. Need to get the thread state and read the machine code. May
+        // be better to do this in the place that calls SEHProcessException, similar to how it's done on Linux.
+        exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        break;
+
+    // Arithmetic exception; exact nature of exception is in subcode field. 
+    case EXC_ARITHMETIC:
+        if (exceptionInfo.SubcodeCount != 2)
+        {
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Got an unexpected subcode");
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            switch (exceptionInfo.Subcodes[0])
+            {
+#if defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_)
+                case EXC_I386_DIV:
+                    exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+                    break;
+                case EXC_I386_INTO:
+                    exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW;
+                    break;
+                case EXC_I386_EXTOVR:
+                    exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW;
+                    break;
+                case EXC_I386_BOUND:
+                    exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED;
+                    break;
+#else
+#error Trap code to exception mapping not defined for this architecture
+#endif
+                default:
+                    exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case EXC_SOFTWARE:
+#if defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_)
+        exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+        break;
+#else
+#error Trap code to exception mapping not defined for this architecture
+#endif
+
+    // Trace, breakpoint, etc. Details in subcode field. 
+    case EXC_BREAKPOINT:
+#if defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_)
+        if (exceptionInfo.Subcodes[0] == EXC_I386_SGL)
+        {
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP;
+        }
+        else if (exceptionInfo.Subcodes[0] == EXC_I386_BPT)
+        {
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT;
+        }
+#else
+#error Trap code to exception mapping not defined for this architecture
+#endif
+        else
+        {
+            WARN("unexpected subcode %d for EXC_BREAKPOINT", exceptionInfo.Subcodes[0]);
+            exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT;
+        }
+        break;
+
+
+    // System call requested. Details in subcode field. 
+    case EXC_SYSCALL:
+        exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        break;
+
+    // System call with a number in the Mach call range requested. Details in subcode field. 
+    case EXC_MACH_SYSCALL:
+        exceptionCode = EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_ASSERT("Got unknown trap code %d\n", exceptionInfo.ExceptionType);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    pExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode = exceptionCode;
+}
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+const char *
+GetExceptionString(
+   exception_type_t exception
+)
+{
+    switch(exception)
+    {
+    case EXC_BAD_ACCESS:
+        return "EXC_BAD_ACCESS";
+
+    case EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION:
+        return "EXC_BAD_INSTRUCTION";
+
+    case EXC_ARITHMETIC:
+        return "EXC_ARITHMETIC";
+
+    case EXC_SOFTWARE:
+        return "EXC_SOFTWARE";
+
+    case EXC_BREAKPOINT:
+        return "EXC_BREAKPOINT";
+
+    case EXC_SYSCALL:
+        return "EXC_SYSCALL";
+
+    case EXC_MACH_SYSCALL:
+        return "EXC_MACH_SYSCALL";
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_ASSERT("Got unknown trap code %d\n", exception);
+        break;
+    }
+    return "INVALID CODE";
+}
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    HijackFaultingThread
+
+    Sets the faulting thread up to return to PAL_DispatchException with an
+    ExceptionRecord and thread CONTEXT.
+
+Parameters:
+    thread - thread the exception happened
+    task - task the exception happened
+    message - exception message
+
+Return value :
+    None
+--*/
+static
+void
+HijackFaultingThread(
+    mach_port_t thread,             // [in] thread the exception happened on
+    mach_port_t task,               // [in] task the exception happened on
+    MachMessage& message)           // [in] exception message
+{
+    MachExceptionInfo exceptionInfo(thread, message);
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD exceptionRecord;
+    CONTEXT threadContext;
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    // Fill in the exception record from the exception info
+    BuildExceptionRecord(exceptionInfo, &exceptionRecord);
+    
+#ifdef _X86_
+    threadContext.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT | CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS;
+#else
+    threadContext.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT;
+#endif
+    CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(x86_FLOAT_STATE, (thread_state_t)&exceptionInfo.FloatState, &threadContext);
+
+    threadContext.ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS;
+    CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(x86_THREAD_STATE, (thread_state_t)&exceptionInfo.ThreadState, &threadContext);
+
+#if defined(CORECLR) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_))
+    // For CoreCLR we look more deeply at access violations to determine whether they're the result of a stack
+    // overflow. If so we'll terminate the process immediately (the current default policy of the CoreCLR EE).
+    // Otherwise we'll either A/V ourselves trying to set up the SEH exception record and context on the
+    // target thread's stack (unlike Windows there's no extra stack reservation to guarantee this can be done)
+    // or, and this the case we're trying to avoid, it's possible we'll succeed and the runtime will go ahead
+    // and process the SO like it was a simple AV. Since the runtime doesn't currently implement stack probing
+    // on non-Windows platforms, this could lead to data corruption (we have SO intolerant code in the runtime
+    // which manipulates global state under the assumption that an SO cannot occur due to a prior stack
+    // probe).
+
+    // Determining whether an AV is really an SO is not quite straightforward. We can get stack bounds
+    // information from pthreads but (a) we only have the target Mach thread port and no way to map to a
+    // pthread easily and (b) the pthread functions lie about the bounds on the main thread.
+
+    // Instead we inspect the target thread SP we just retrieved above and compare it with the AV address. If
+    // they both lie in the same page or the SP is at a higher address than the AV but in the same VM region,
+    // then we'll consider the AV to be an SO. Note that we can't assume that SP will be in the same page as
+    // the AV on an SO, even though we force GCC to generate stack probes on stack extension (-fstack-check).
+    // That's because GCC currently generates the probe *before* altering SP. Since a given stack extension can
+    // involve multiple pages and GCC generates all the required probes before updating SP in a single
+    // operation, the faulting probe can be at an address that is far removed from the thread's current value
+    // of SP.
+
+    // In the case where the AV and SP aren't in the same or adjacent pages we check if the first page
+    // following the faulting address belongs in the same VM region as the current value of SP. Since all pages
+    // in a VM region have the same attributes this check eliminates the possibility that there's another guard
+    // page in the range between the fault and the SP, effectively establishing that the AV occurred in the
+    // guard page associated with the stack associated with the SP.
+
+    // We are assuming here that thread stacks are always allocated in a single VM region. I've seen no
+    // evidence thus far that this is not the case (and the mere fact we rely on Mach apis already puts us on
+    // brittle ground anyway).
+
+    //  (a)     SP always marks the current limit of the stack (in that all valid stack accesses will be of
+    //          the form [SP + delta]). The Mac x86 ABI appears to guarantee this (or rather it does not
+    //          guarantee that stack slots below SP will not be invalidated by asynchronous events such as
+    //          interrupts, which mostly amounts to the same thing for user mode code). Note that the Mac PPC
+    //          ABI does allow some (constrained) access below SP, but we're not currently supporting this
+    //          platform.
+    //  (b)     All code will extend the stack "carefully" (by which we mean that stack extensions of more
+    //          than one page in size will touch at least one byte in each intervening page (in decreasing
+    //          address order), to guarantee that the guard page is hit before memory beyond the guard page is
+    //          corrupted). Our managed jits always generate code which does this as does MSVC. GCC, however,
+    //          does not do this by default. We have to explicitly provide the -fstack-check compiler option
+    //          to enable the behavior.
+#if (defined(_X86_) || defined(_AMD64_)) && defined(__APPLE__)
+    if (exceptionRecord.ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION)
+    {
+        // Assume this AV isn't an SO to begin with.
+        bool fIsStackOverflow = false;
+
+        // Calculate the page base addresses for the fault and the faulting thread's SP.
+        int cbPage = getpagesize();
+        char *pFaultPage = (char*)(exceptionRecord.ExceptionInformation[1] & ~(cbPage - 1));
+#ifdef _X86_
+        char *pStackTopPage = (char*)(threadContext.Esp & ~(cbPage - 1));
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        char *pStackTopPage = (char*)(threadContext.Rsp & ~(cbPage - 1));
+#endif
+
+        if (pFaultPage == pStackTopPage || pFaultPage == (pStackTopPage - cbPage))
+        {
+            // The easy case is when the AV occurred in the same or adjacent page as the stack pointer.
+            fIsStackOverflow = true;
+        }
+        else if (pFaultPage < pStackTopPage)
+        {
+            // Calculate the address of the page immediately following the fault and check that it
+            // lies in the same VM region as the stack pointer.
+            vm_address_t vm_address;
+            vm_size_t vm_size;
+            vm_region_flavor_t vm_flavor;
+            mach_msg_type_number_t infoCnt;
+#ifdef BIT64
+            vm_region_basic_info_data_64_t info;
+            infoCnt = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT_64;
+            vm_flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_64;
+#else
+            vm_region_basic_info_data_t info;
+            infoCnt = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+            vm_flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO;
+#endif
+            mach_port_t object_name;
+
+            vm_address = (vm_address_t)(pFaultPage + cbPage);
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+            machret = vm_region_64(
+#else
+            machret = vm_region(
+#endif
+                mach_task_self(),
+                &vm_address,
+                &vm_size,
+                vm_flavor,
+                (vm_region_info_t)&info,
+                &infoCnt,
+                &object_name);
+#ifdef _X86_
+            CHECK_MACH("vm_region", machret);
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+            CHECK_MACH("vm_region_64", machret);
+#endif
+
+            // If vm_region updated the address we gave it then that address was not part of a region at all
+            // (and so this cannot be an SO). Otherwise check that the ESP lies in the region returned.
+            char *pRegionStart = (char*)vm_address;
+            char *pRegionEnd = (char*)vm_address + vm_size;
+            if (pRegionStart == (pFaultPage + cbPage) && pStackTopPage < pRegionEnd)
+                fIsStackOverflow = true;
+        }
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+        if (!fIsStackOverflow)
+        {
+            // Check if we can read pointer sizeD bytes below the target thread's stack pointer.
+            // If we are unable to, then it implies we have run into SO.
+            void **targetSP = (void **)threadContext.Rsp;
+            vm_address_t targetAddr = (mach_vm_address_t)(targetSP);
+            targetAddr -= sizeof(void *);
+            vm_size_t vm_size = sizeof(void *);
+            char arr[8];
+            vm_size_t data_count = 8;
+            machret = vm_read_overwrite(mach_task_self(), targetAddr, vm_size, (pointer_t)arr, &data_count);
+            if (machret == KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS)
+            {
+                fIsStackOverflow = true;
+            }
+        }
+#endif // _AMD64_
+
+        if (fIsStackOverflow)
+        {
+            // We have a stack overflow. Abort the process immediately. It would be nice to let the VM do this
+            // but the Windows mechanism (where a stack overflow SEH exception is delivered on the faulting
+            // thread) will not work most of the time since non-Windows OSs don't keep a reserve stack
+            // extension allocated for this purpose.
+
+            // TODO: Once our event reporting story is further along we probably want to report something
+            // here. If our runtime policy for SO ever changes (the most likely candidate being "unload
+            // appdomain on SO) then we'll have to do something more complex here, probably involving a
+            // handshake with the runtime in order to report the SO without attempting to extend the faulting
+            // thread's stack any further. Note that we cannot call most PAL functions from the context of
+            // this thread since we're not a PAL thread.
+
+            write(STDERR_FILENO, StackOverflowMessage, sizeof(StackOverflowMessage) - 1);
+            abort();
+        }
+    }
+#else // (_X86_ || _AMD64_) && __APPLE__
+#error Platform not supported for correct stack overflow handling
+#endif // (_X86_ || _AMD64_) && __APPLE__
+#endif // CORECLR && _X86_
+
+#if defined(_X86_)
+    NONPAL_ASSERTE(exceptionInfo.ThreadState.tsh.flavor == x86_THREAD_STATE32);
+
+    // Make a copy of the thread state because the one in exceptionInfo needs to be preserved to restore
+    // the state if the exception is forwarded.
+    x86_thread_state32_t ts32 = exceptionInfo.ThreadState.uts.ts32;
+
+    // If we're in single step mode, disable it since we're going to call PAL_DispatchException
+    if (exceptionRecord.ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP)
+    {
+        ts32.eflags &= ~EFL_TF;
+    }
+
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionFlags = EXCEPTION_IS_SIGNAL; 
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionRecord = NULL;
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionAddress = (void *)ts32.eip;
+
+    void **FramePointer = (void **)ts32.esp;
+
+    *--FramePointer = (void *)ts32.eip;
+
+    // Construct a stack frame for a pretend activation of the function
+    // PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper that serves only to make the stack
+    // correctly unwindable by the system exception unwinder.
+    // PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper has an ebp frame, its local variables
+    // are the context and exception record, and it has just "called"
+    // PAL_DispatchException.
+    *--FramePointer = (void *)ts32.ebp;
+    ts32.ebp = (unsigned)FramePointer;
+
+    // Put the context on the stack
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(CONTEXT));
+    // Make sure it's aligned - CONTEXT has 8-byte alignment
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - ((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer % 8));
+    CONTEXT *pContext = (CONTEXT *)FramePointer;
+    *pContext = threadContext;
+
+    // Put the exception record on the stack
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(EXCEPTION_RECORD));
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *pExceptionRecord = (EXCEPTION_RECORD *)FramePointer;
+    *pExceptionRecord = exceptionRecord;
+
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(MachExceptionInfo));
+    MachExceptionInfo *pMachExceptionInfo = (MachExceptionInfo *)FramePointer;
+    *pMachExceptionInfo = exceptionInfo;
+
+    // Push arguments to PAL_DispatchException
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - 3 * sizeof(void *));
+
+    // Make sure it's aligned - ABI requires 16-byte alignment
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - ((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer % 16));
+    FramePointer[0] = pContext;
+    FramePointer[1] = pExceptionRecord;
+    FramePointer[2] = pMachExceptionInfo;
+
+    // Place the return address to right after the fake call in PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper
+    FramePointer[-1] = (void *)((ULONG_PTR)PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper + PAL_DispatchExceptionReturnOffset);
+
+    // Make the instruction register point to DispatchException
+    ts32.eip = (unsigned)PAL_DispatchException;
+    ts32.esp = (unsigned)&FramePointer[-1]; // skip return address
+
+    // Now set the thread state for the faulting thread so that PAL_DispatchException executes next
+    machret = thread_set_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE32, (thread_state_t)&ts32, x86_THREAD_STATE32_COUNT);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_set_state(thread)", machret);
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+    NONPAL_ASSERTE(exceptionInfo.ThreadState.tsh.flavor == x86_THREAD_STATE64);
+
+    // Make a copy of the thread state because the one in exceptionInfo needs to be preserved to restore
+    // the state if the exception is forwarded.
+    x86_thread_state64_t ts64 = exceptionInfo.ThreadState.uts.ts64;
+
+    // If we're in single step mode, disable it since we're going to call PAL_DispatchException
+    if (exceptionRecord.ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP)
+    {
+        ts64.__rflags &= ~EFL_TF;
+    }
+
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionFlags = EXCEPTION_IS_SIGNAL; 
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionRecord = NULL;
+    exceptionRecord.ExceptionAddress = (void *)ts64.__rip;
+
+    void **FramePointer = (void **)ts64.__rsp;
+
+    *--FramePointer = (void *)ts64.__rip;
+
+    // Construct a stack frame for a pretend activation of the function
+    // PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper that serves only to make the stack
+    // correctly unwindable by the system exception unwinder.
+    // PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper has an ebp frame, its local variables
+    // are the context and exception record, and it has just "called"
+    // PAL_DispatchException.
+    *--FramePointer = (void *)ts64.__rbp;
+    ts64.__rbp = (SIZE_T)FramePointer;
+
+    // Put the context on the stack
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(CONTEXT));
+    // Make sure it's aligned - CONTEXT has 16-byte alignment
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - ((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer % 16));
+    CONTEXT *pContext = (CONTEXT *)FramePointer;
+    *pContext = threadContext;
+
+    // Put the exception record on the stack
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(EXCEPTION_RECORD));
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *pExceptionRecord = (EXCEPTION_RECORD *)FramePointer;
+    *pExceptionRecord = exceptionRecord;
+
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - sizeof(MachExceptionInfo));
+    MachExceptionInfo *pMachExceptionInfo = (MachExceptionInfo *)FramePointer;
+    *pMachExceptionInfo = exceptionInfo;
+
+    // Push arguments to PAL_DispatchException
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - 3 * sizeof(void *));
+
+    // Make sure it's aligned - ABI requires 16-byte alignment
+    FramePointer = (void **)((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer - ((ULONG_PTR)FramePointer % 16));
+    FramePointer[0] = pContext;
+    FramePointer[1] = pExceptionRecord;
+    FramePointer[2] = pMachExceptionInfo;
+
+    // Place the return address to right after the fake call in PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper
+    FramePointer[-1] = (void *)((ULONG_PTR)PAL_DispatchExceptionWrapper + PAL_DispatchExceptionReturnOffset);
+
+    // Make the instruction register point to DispatchException
+    ts64.__rip = (SIZE_T)PAL_DispatchException;
+    ts64.__rsp = (SIZE_T)&FramePointer[-1]; // skip return address
+
+    // Now set the thread state for the faulting thread so that PAL_DispatchException executes next
+    machret = thread_set_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE64, (thread_state_t)&ts64, x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_set_state(thread)", machret);
+#else
+#error HijackFaultingThread not defined for this architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SuspendMachThread
+
+    Suspend the specified thread.
+
+Parameters:
+    thread - mach thread port
+
+Return value :
+    None
+--*/
+static
+void
+SuspendMachThread(thread_act_t thread)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    while (true)
+    {
+        machret = thread_suspend(thread);
+        CHECK_MACH("thread_suspend", machret);
+
+        // Ensure that if the thread was running in the kernel, the kernel operation
+        // is safely aborted so that it can be restarted later.
+        machret = thread_abort_safely(thread);
+        if (machret == KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // The thread was running in the kernel executing a non-atomic operation
+        // that cannot be restarted, so we need to resume the thread and retry
+        machret = thread_resume(thread);
+        CHECK_MACH("thread_resume", machret);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHExceptionThread
+
+    Entry point for the thread that will listen for exception in any other thread.
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    NOTE: This thread is not a PAL thread, and it must not be one.  If it was,
+    exceptions on this thread would be delivered to the port this thread itself
+    is listening on.
+
+    In particular, if another thread overflows its stack, the exception handling
+    thread receives a message.  It will try to create a PAL_DispatchException
+    frame on the faulting thread, which will likely fault.  If the exception
+    processing thread is not a PAL thread, the process gets terminated with a
+    bus error; if the exception processing thread was a PAL thread, we would see
+    a hang (since no thread is listening for the exception message that gets sent).
+    Of the two ugly behaviors, the bus error is definitely favorable.
+
+    This means: no printf, no TRACE, no PAL allocation, no ExitProcess,
+    no LastError in this function and its helpers.  To report fatal failure,
+    use NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT.
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+Parameters :
+    void *args - not used
+
+Return value :
+   Never returns
+--*/
+void *
+SEHExceptionThread(void *args)
+{
+    ForwardedExceptionList feList;
+    MachMessage sReplyOrForward;
+    MachMessage sMessage;
+    kern_return_t machret;
+    thread_act_t thread;
+
+    // Loop processing incoming messages forever.
+    while (true)
+    {
+        // Receive the next message.
+        sMessage.Receive(s_ExceptionPort);
+
+        NONPAL_TRACE("Received message %s (%08x) from (remote) %08x to (local) %08x\n",
+            sMessage.GetMessageTypeName(), 
+            sMessage.GetMessageType(),
+            sMessage.GetRemotePort(), 
+            sMessage.GetLocalPort());
+
+        if (sMessage.IsSetThreadRequest())
+        {
+            // Handle a request to set the thread context for the specified target thread.
+            CONTEXT sContext;
+            thread = sMessage.GetThreadContext(&sContext);
+
+            // Suspend the target thread
+            SuspendMachThread(thread);
+            
+            machret = CONTEXT_SetThreadContextOnPort(thread, &sContext);
+            CHECK_MACH("CONTEXT_SetThreadContextOnPort", machret);
+
+            machret = thread_resume(thread);
+            CHECK_MACH("thread_resume", machret);
+        }
+        else if (sMessage.IsExceptionNotification())
+        {
+            // This is a notification of an exception occurring on another thread.
+            exception_type_t exceptionType = sMessage.GetException();
+            thread = sMessage.GetThread();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG 
+            if (NONPAL_TRACE_ENABLED)
+            {
+                NONPAL_TRACE("ExceptionNotification %s (%u) thread %08x flavor %u\n",
+                    GetExceptionString(exceptionType),
+                    exceptionType,
+                    thread,
+                    sMessage.GetThreadStateFlavor());
+
+                int subcode_count = sMessage.GetExceptionCodeCount();
+                for (int i = 0; i < subcode_count; i++)
+                    NONPAL_TRACE("ExceptionNotification subcode[%d] = %llx\n", i, sMessage.GetExceptionCode(i));
+
+                x86_thread_state64_t threadStateActual;
+                unsigned int count = sizeof(threadStateActual) / sizeof(unsigned);
+                machret = thread_get_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE64, (thread_state_t)&threadStateActual, &count);
+                CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state", machret);
+
+                NONPAL_TRACE("ExceptionNotification actual  rip %016llx rsp %016llx rbp %016llx rax %016llx r15 %016llx eflags %08llx\n",
+                    threadStateActual.__rip,
+                    threadStateActual.__rsp,
+                    threadStateActual.__rbp,
+                    threadStateActual.__rax,
+                    threadStateActual.__r15,
+                    threadStateActual.__rflags);
+
+                x86_exception_state64_t threadExceptionState;
+                unsigned int ehStateCount = sizeof(threadExceptionState) / sizeof(unsigned);
+                machret = thread_get_state(thread, x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64, (thread_state_t)&threadExceptionState, &ehStateCount);
+                CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state", machret);
+
+                NONPAL_TRACE("ExceptionNotification trapno %04x cpu %04x err %08x faultAddr %016llx\n",
+                    threadExceptionState.__trapno,
+                    threadExceptionState.__cpu,
+                    threadExceptionState.__err,
+                    threadExceptionState.__faultvaddr);
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+            bool feFound = false;
+            feList.MoveFirst();
+
+            while (!feList.IsEOL())
+            {
+                mach_port_type_t ePortType;
+                if (mach_port_type(mach_task_self(), feList.Current->Thread, &ePortType) != KERN_SUCCESS || (ePortType & MACH_PORT_TYPE_DEAD_NAME))
+                {
+                    NONPAL_TRACE("Forwarded exception: invalid thread port %08x\n", feList.Current->Thread);
+
+                    // Unlink and delete the forwarded exception instance
+                    feList.Delete();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (feList.Current->Thread == thread)
+                    {
+                        bool isSameException = feList.Current->ExceptionType == exceptionType;
+                        feFound = true;
+
+                        // Locate the record of previously installed handlers that the target thread keeps.
+                        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers *pHandlers = feList.Current->PalThread->GetSavedMachHandlers();
+
+                        // Unlink and delete the forwarded exception instance
+                        feList.Delete();
+
+                        // Check if the current exception type matches the forwarded one and whether 
+                        // there's a handler for the particular exception we've been handed.
+                        MachExceptionHandler sHandler;
+                        if (isSameException && pHandlers->GetHandler(exceptionType, &sHandler))
+                        {
+                            NONPAL_TRACE("ForwardNotification thread %08x to handler %08x\n", thread, sHandler.m_handler);
+                            sReplyOrForward.ForwardNotification(&sHandler, sMessage);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            NONPAL_TRACE("ReplyToNotification KERN_FAILURE thread %08x port %08x sameException %d\n", 
+                                thread, sMessage.GetRemotePort(), isSameException);
+                            sReplyOrForward.ReplyToNotification(sMessage, KERN_FAILURE);
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    feList.MoveNext();
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!feFound)
+            {
+                NONPAL_TRACE("HijackFaultingThread thread %08x\n", thread);
+                HijackFaultingThread(thread, mach_task_self(), sMessage);
+
+                // Send the result of handling the exception back in a reply.
+                NONPAL_TRACE("ReplyToNotification KERN_SUCCESS thread %08x port %08x\n", thread, sMessage.GetRemotePort());
+                sReplyOrForward.ReplyToNotification(sMessage, KERN_SUCCESS);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (sMessage.IsForwardExceptionRequest())
+        {
+            thread = sMessage.GetThread();
+
+            NONPAL_TRACE("ForwardExceptionRequest for thread %08x\n", thread);
+
+            // Suspend the faulting thread. 
+            SuspendMachThread(thread);
+
+            // Set the context back to the original faulting state.
+            MachExceptionInfo *pExceptionInfo = sMessage.GetExceptionInfo();
+            pExceptionInfo->RestoreState(thread);
+
+            // Allocate an forwarded exception entry
+            ForwardedException *pfe = (ForwardedException *)malloc(sizeof(ForwardedException));
+            if (pfe == NULL)
+            {
+                NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Exception thread ran out of memory to track forwarded exception notifications");
+            }
+
+            // Save the forwarded exception entry away for the restarted exception message
+            pfe->Thread = thread;
+            pfe->ExceptionType = pExceptionInfo->ExceptionType;
+            pfe->PalThread = sMessage.GetPalThread();
+            feList.Add(pfe);
+
+            // Now let the thread run at the original exception context to restart the exception
+            NONPAL_TRACE("ForwardExceptionRequest resuming thread %08x exception type %08x\n", thread, pfe->ExceptionType);
+            machret = thread_resume(thread);
+            CHECK_MACH("thread_resume", machret);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unknown message type: %u", sMessage.GetMessageType());
+        }
+    }
+}
+	
+/*++
+Function :
+    MachExceptionInfo constructor
+
+    Saves the exception info from the exception notification message and
+    the current thread state.
+
+Parameters:
+    thread - thread port to restore
+    message - exception message
+
+Return value :
+    none
+--*/
+MachExceptionInfo::MachExceptionInfo(mach_port_t thread, MachMessage& message)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    ExceptionType = message.GetException();
+    SubcodeCount = message.GetExceptionCodeCount();
+    NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERTE(SubcodeCount >= 0 && SubcodeCount <= 2);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < SubcodeCount; i++)
+        Subcodes[i] = message.GetExceptionCode(i);
+
+    mach_msg_type_number_t count = x86_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
+    machret = thread_get_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE, (thread_state_t)&ThreadState, &count);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state", machret);
+
+    count = x86_FLOAT_STATE_COUNT;
+    machret = thread_get_state(thread, x86_FLOAT_STATE, (thread_state_t)&FloatState, &count);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state(float)", machret);
+
+    count = x86_DEBUG_STATE_COUNT;
+    machret = thread_get_state(thread, x86_DEBUG_STATE, (thread_state_t)&DebugState, &count);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state(debug)", machret);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MachExceptionInfo::RestoreState
+
+    Restore the thread to the saved exception info state.
+
+Parameters:
+    thread - thread port to restore
+
+Return value :
+    none
+--*/
+void MachExceptionInfo::RestoreState(mach_port_t thread)
+{
+    // If we are restarting a breakpoint, we need to bump the IP back one to
+    // point at the actual int 3 instructions.
+    if (ExceptionType == EXC_BREAKPOINT)
+    {
+        if (Subcodes[0] == EXC_I386_BPT)
+        {
+#ifdef _X86_
+            ThreadState.uts.ts32.eip--;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+            ThreadState.uts.ts64.__rip--;
+#else
+#error Platform not supported
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    kern_return_t machret = thread_set_state(thread, x86_THREAD_STATE, (thread_state_t)&ThreadState, x86_THREAD_STATE_COUNT);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_set_state(thread)", machret);
+
+    machret = thread_set_state(thread, x86_FLOAT_STATE, (thread_state_t)&FloatState, x86_FLOAT_STATE_COUNT);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_set_state(float)", machret);
+
+    machret = thread_set_state(thread, x86_DEBUG_STATE, (thread_state_t)&DebugState, x86_DEBUG_STATE_COUNT);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_set_state(debug)", machret);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MachSetThreadContext
+
+    Sets the context of the current thread by sending a notification
+    to the exception thread.
+
+Parameters:
+    lpContext - the CONTEXT to set the current thread
+
+Return value :
+    Doesn't return
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN 
+void 
+MachSetThreadContext(CONTEXT *lpContext)
+{
+    // We need to send a message to the worker thread so that it can set our thread context.
+    MachMessage sRequest;
+    sRequest.SendSetThread(s_ExceptionPort, lpContext);
+
+    // Make sure we don't do anything
+    while (TRUE)
+    {
+        sched_yield();
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHInitializeMachExceptions 
+
+    Initialize all SEH-related stuff related to mach exceptions
+
+    flags - PAL_INITIALIZE flags
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if SEH support initialization succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL 
+SEHInitializeMachExceptions(DWORD flags)
+{
+    pthread_t exception_thread;
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    s_PalInitializeFlags = flags;
+
+    // Allocate a mach port that will listen in on exceptions
+    machret = mach_port_allocate(mach_task_self(), MACH_PORT_RIGHT_RECEIVE, &s_ExceptionPort);
+    if (machret != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("mach_port_allocate failed: %d\n", machret);
+        UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(machret);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // Insert the send right into the task
+    machret = mach_port_insert_right(mach_task_self(), s_ExceptionPort, s_ExceptionPort, MACH_MSG_TYPE_MAKE_SEND);
+    if (machret != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("mach_port_insert_right failed: %d\n", machret);
+        UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(machret);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // Create the thread that will listen to the exception for all threads
+    int createret = pthread_create(&exception_thread, NULL, SEHExceptionThread, NULL);
+    if (createret != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("pthread_create failed, error is %d (%s)\n", createret, strerror(createret));
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    if (NONPAL_TRACE_ENABLED)
+    {
+        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers taskHandlers;
+        machret = task_get_exception_ports(mach_task_self(),
+            PAL_EXC_ALL_MASK,
+            taskHandlers.m_masks,
+            &taskHandlers.m_nPorts,
+            taskHandlers.m_handlers,
+            taskHandlers.m_behaviors,
+            taskHandlers.m_flavors);
+
+        if (machret == KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            NONPAL_TRACE("SEHInitializeMachExceptions: TASK PORT count %d\n", taskHandlers.m_nPorts);
+            for (mach_msg_type_number_t i = 0; i < taskHandlers.m_nPorts; i++)
+            {
+                NONPAL_TRACE("SEHInitializeMachExceptions: TASK PORT mask %08x handler: %08x behavior %08x flavor %u\n",
+                    taskHandlers.m_masks[i],
+                    taskHandlers.m_handlers[i],
+                    taskHandlers.m_behaviors[i],
+                    taskHandlers.m_flavors[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            NONPAL_TRACE("SEHInitializeMachExceptions: task_get_exception_ports FAILED %d %s\n", machret, mach_error_string(machret));
+        }
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+#ifndef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    if (!SEHEnableMachExceptions())
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+#endif // !FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+    // Tell the system to ignore SIGPIPE signals rather than use the default
+    // behavior of terminating the process. Ignoring SIGPIPE will cause
+    // calls that would otherwise raise that signal to return EPIPE instead.
+    // The PAL expects EPIPE from those functions and won't handle a
+    // SIGPIPE signal.
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+    // We're done
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MachExceptionInitializeDebug 
+
+    Initialize the mach exception handlers necessary for a managed debugger
+    to work
+
+Return value :
+    None
+--*/
+void MachExceptionInitializeDebug(void)
+{
+    if (s_DebugInitialized == FALSE)
+    {
+#ifndef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        kern_return_t MachRet;
+        MachRet = task_set_exception_ports(mach_task_self(),
+                                           PAL_EXC_DEBUGGING_MASK,
+                                           s_ExceptionPort,
+                                           EXCEPTION_DEFAULT,
+                                           MACHINE_THREAD_STATE);
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("task_set_exception_ports failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), (UINT)(-1));
+        }
+#endif // !FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        s_DebugInitialized = TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHCleanupExceptionPort
+
+    Restore default exception port handler
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+    
+Note :
+During PAL_Terminate, we reach a point where SEH isn't possible any more
+(handle manager is off, etc). Past that point, we can't avoid crashing on
+an exception.
+--*/
+void 
+SEHCleanupExceptionPort(void)
+{
+    TRACE("Restoring default exception ports\n");
+#ifndef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    SEHDisableMachExceptions();
+#endif // !FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    s_DebugInitialized = FALSE;
+}
+
+extern "C" 
+void 
+ActivationHandler(CONTEXT* context)
+{
+    if (g_activationFunction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_activationFunction(context);
+    }
+
+    RtlRestoreContext(context, NULL);
+    DebugBreak();
+}
+
+extern "C" void ActivationHandlerWrapper();
+extern "C" int ActivationHandlerReturnOffset;
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    InjectActivationInternal
+
+    Sets up the specified thread to call the ActivationHandler.
+
+Parameters:
+    pThread - PAL thread instance
+
+Return value :
+    PAL_ERROR
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR 
+InjectActivationInternal(CPalThread* pThread)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+
+    mach_port_t threadPort = pThread->GetMachPortSelf();
+    kern_return_t MachRet = thread_suspend(threadPort);
+    palError = (MachRet == KERN_SUCCESS) ? NO_ERROR : ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+
+    if (palError == NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        mach_msg_type_number_t count;
+
+        x86_exception_state64_t ExceptionState;
+        count = x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64_COUNT;
+        MachRet = thread_get_state(threadPort,
+                                   x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64,
+                                   (thread_state_t)&ExceptionState,
+                                   &count);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(MachRet == KERN_SUCCESS, "thread_get_state for x86_EXCEPTION_STATE64\n");
+
+        // Inject the activation only if the thread doesn't have a pending hardware exception
+        static const int MaxHardwareExceptionVector = 31;
+        if (ExceptionState.__trapno > MaxHardwareExceptionVector)
+        {
+            x86_thread_state64_t ThreadState;
+            count = x86_THREAD_STATE64_COUNT;
+            MachRet = thread_get_state(threadPort,
+                                       x86_THREAD_STATE64,
+                                       (thread_state_t)&ThreadState,
+                                       &count);
+            _ASSERT_MSG(MachRet == KERN_SUCCESS, "thread_get_state for x86_THREAD_STATE64\n");
+
+            if ((g_safeActivationCheckFunction != NULL) && g_safeActivationCheckFunction(ThreadState.__rip, /* checkingCurrentThread */ FALSE))
+            {
+                // TODO: it would be nice to preserve the red zone in case a jitter would want to use it
+                // Do we really care about unwinding through the wrapper?
+                size_t* sp = (size_t*)ThreadState.__rsp;
+                *(--sp) = ThreadState.__rip;
+                *(--sp) = ThreadState.__rbp;
+                size_t rbpAddress = (size_t)sp;
+                size_t contextAddress = (((size_t)sp) - sizeof(CONTEXT)) & ~15;
+                size_t returnAddressAddress = contextAddress - sizeof(size_t);
+                *(size_t*)(returnAddressAddress) =  ActivationHandlerReturnOffset + (size_t)ActivationHandlerWrapper;
+
+                // Fill in the context in the helper frame with the full context of the suspended thread.
+                // The ActivationHandler will use the context to resume the execution of the thread
+                // after the activation function returns.
+                CONTEXT *pContext = (CONTEXT *)contextAddress;
+                pContext->ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FULL | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS;
+                MachRet = CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort(threadPort, pContext);
+                _ASSERT_MSG(MachRet == KERN_SUCCESS, "CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort\n");
+
+                // Make the instruction register point to ActivationHandler
+                ThreadState.__rip = (size_t)ActivationHandler;
+                ThreadState.__rsp = returnAddressAddress;
+                ThreadState.__rbp = rbpAddress;
+                ThreadState.__rdi = contextAddress;
+
+                MachRet = thread_set_state(threadPort,
+                                           x86_THREAD_STATE64,
+                                           (thread_state_t)&ThreadState,
+                                           count);
+                _ASSERT_MSG(MachRet == KERN_SUCCESS, "thread_set_state\n");
+            }
+        }
+
+        MachRet = thread_resume(threadPort);
+        palError = (MachRet == ERROR_SUCCESS) ? NO_ERROR : ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        printf("Suspension failed with error 0x%x\n", palError);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.h b/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18e31501b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/machexception.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+Module Name:
+
+    machexception.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Private mach exception handling utilities for SEH
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _MACHEXCEPTION_H_
+#define _MACHEXCEPTION_H_
+
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#include <mach/mach_error.h>
+#include <mach/thread_status.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#define HIJACK_ON_SIGNAL 1
+
+// List of exception types we will be watching for
+// NOTE: if you change any of these, you need to adapt s_nMachExceptionPortsMax in thread.hpp
+#define PAL_EXC_ILLEGAL_MASK   (EXC_MASK_BAD_INSTRUCTION | EXC_MASK_EMULATION)
+#define PAL_EXC_DEBUGGING_MASK (EXC_MASK_BREAKPOINT | EXC_MASK_SOFTWARE)
+#define PAL_EXC_MANAGED_MASK   (EXC_MASK_BAD_ACCESS | EXC_MASK_ARITHMETIC)
+#define PAL_EXC_ALL_MASK       (PAL_EXC_ILLEGAL_MASK | PAL_EXC_DEBUGGING_MASK | PAL_EXC_MANAGED_MASK)
+
+// Process and thread initialization/cleanup/context routines
+BOOL SEHInitializeMachExceptions(DWORD flags);
+void SEHCleanupExceptionPort (void);
+void MachExceptionInitializeDebug(void);
+PAL_NORETURN void MachSetThreadContext(CONTEXT *lpContext);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _MACHEXCEPTION_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.cpp b/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a6f7e57484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1383 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+Module Name:
+
+    machmessage.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Abstraction over Mach messages used during exception handling.
+
+--*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "machmessage.h"
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Construct an empty message. Use Receive() to form a message that can be inspected or SendSetThread(),
+// ForwardNotification(), ReplyToNotification() or ForwardReply() to construct a message and sent it.
+MachMessage::MachMessage()
+{
+    m_fPortsOwned = false;
+    ResetMessage();
+}
+
+// Listen for the next message on the given port and initialize this class with the contents. The message type
+// must match one of the MessageTypes indicated above (or the process will be aborted).
+void MachMessage::Receive(mach_port_t hPort)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+    
+    // Erase any stale data.
+    ResetMessage();
+
+    // Pull the next Mach message into the buffer.
+    machret = mach_msg((mach_msg_header_t*)m_rgMessageBuffer,
+                       MACH_RCV_MSG | MACH_RCV_LARGE | MACH_RCV_NOTIFY,
+                       0,
+                       kcbMaxMessageSize,
+                       hPort,
+                       MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL);
+    CHECK_MACH("mach_msg()", machret);
+
+    // Check it's one of the messages we're expecting.
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case NOTIFY_SEND_ONCE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        break;
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+    
+    m_fPortsOwned = true;
+}
+
+// Indicates whether the message is a request to set the context of a thread.
+bool MachMessage::IsSetThreadRequest()
+{
+    return m_pMessage->header.msgh_id == SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID;
+}
+
+// Indicates whether the message is a request to forward the exception
+bool MachMessage::IsForwardExceptionRequest()
+{
+    return m_pMessage->header.msgh_id == FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID;
+}
+
+// Indicates whether the message is a notification that a send-once message was destroyed by the receiver.
+bool MachMessage::IsSendOnceDestroyedNotify()
+{
+    return m_pMessage->header.msgh_id == NOTIFY_SEND_ONCE_MESSAGE_ID;
+}
+
+// Indicates whether the message is a notification of an exception.
+bool MachMessage::IsExceptionNotification()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// Indicates whether the message is a reply to a notification of an exception.
+bool MachMessage::IsExceptionReply()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+// Returns the type code for a received message.
+MachMessage::MessageType MachMessage::GetMessageType()
+{
+    return (MessageType)m_pMessage->header.msgh_id;
+}
+
+// Returns a textual form of the type of a received message. Useful for logging.
+const char *MachMessage::GetMessageTypeName()
+{
+    switch (GetMessageType())
+    {
+    case SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "SET_THREAD";
+    case FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "FORWARD_EXCEPTION";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_64";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64";
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64";
+    case NOTIFY_SEND_ONCE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return "NOTIFY_SEND_ONCE";
+    default:
+        return "<unknown message type>";
+    }
+}
+
+// Returns the destination port (i.e. the port we listened on to receive this message).
+mach_port_t MachMessage::GetLocalPort()
+{
+    return m_pMessage->header.msgh_local_port;
+}
+
+// Returns the source port (the port sending the message) unless no reply is expected, in which case
+// MACH_PORT_NULL is returned instead.
+mach_port_t MachMessage::GetRemotePort()
+{
+    return m_pMessage->header.msgh_remote_port;
+}
+
+// Do the work of getting ports from the message.
+//  * fCalculate -- calculate the thread port if the message did not contain it.
+//  * fValidate  -- failfast if the message was not one expected to have a (calculable) thread port.
+void MachMessage::GetPorts(bool fCalculate, bool fValidThread)
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.set_thread.thread;
+        break;
+
+    case FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.thread;
+        break;
+    
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.name;
+        m_hTask = m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.name;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.name;
+        m_hTask = m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.name;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        if (fCalculate && m_hThread == MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        {
+            // This is a tricky case since the message itself doesn't contain the target thread.
+            m_hThread = GetThreadFromState(m_pMessage->data.raise_state.flavor,
+                                           m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state);
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        if (fCalculate && m_hThread == MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        {
+            // This is a tricky case since the message itself doesn't contain the target thread.
+            m_hThread = GetThreadFromState(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.flavor,
+                                           m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state);
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.name;
+        m_hTask = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.name;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.name;
+        m_hTask = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.name;
+        break;
+        
+    default:
+        if (fValidThread)
+        {
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Can only get thread from notification message.");
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+// Get the properties of a set thread or forward exception request. Fills in the provided 
+// context structure with the context from the message and returns the target thread to 
+// which the context should be applied.
+thread_act_t MachMessage::GetThreadContext(CONTEXT *pContext)
+{
+    NONPAL_ASSERTE(IsSetThreadRequest());
+
+    memcpy(pContext, &m_pMessage->data.set_thread.new_context, sizeof(CONTEXT));
+    m_hThread = m_pMessage->data.set_thread.thread;
+    return m_hThread;
+}
+
+// Get the target thread for an exception notification message.
+thread_act_t MachMessage::GetThread()
+{
+    GetPorts(true /* fCalculate */, true /* fValidThread */);
+    return m_hThread;
+}
+
+// Get the exception type for an exception notification message.
+exception_type_t MachMessage::GetException()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise.exception;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_64.exception;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state.exception;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.exception;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.exception;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.exception;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Can only get exception from notification message.");
+    }
+}
+
+// Get the count of sub-codes for an exception notification message.
+int MachMessage::GetExceptionCodeCount()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise.code_count;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_64.code_count;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state.code_count;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.code_count;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.code_count;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.code_count;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Can only get exception code count from notification message.");
+    }
+}
+
+// Get the exception sub-code at the specified zero-based index for an exception notification message.
+MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t) MachMessage::GetExceptionCode(int iIndex)
+{
+    if (iIndex < 0 || iIndex >= GetExceptionCodeCount())
+    {
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("GetExceptionCode() index out of range.");
+    }
+
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return (MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t))m_pMessage->data.raise.code[iIndex];
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_64.code[iIndex];
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return (MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t))m_pMessage->data.raise_state.code[iIndex];
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.code[iIndex];
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return (MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t))m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.code[iIndex];
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.code[iIndex];
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Can only get exception code from notification message.");
+    }
+}
+
+// Fetch the thread state flavor from a notification or reply message (return THREAD_STATE_NONE for the
+// messages that don't contain a thread state).
+thread_state_flavor_t MachMessage::GetThreadStateFlavor()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return THREAD_STATE_NONE;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.flavor;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.flavor;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Get the thread state with the given flavor from the exception or exception reply message. If the message
+// doesn't contain a thread state or the flavor of the state in the message doesn't match, the state will be
+// fetched directly from the target thread instead (which can be computed implicitly for exception messages or
+// passed explicitly for reply messages).
+mach_msg_type_number_t MachMessage::GetThreadState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState, thread_act_t thread)
+{
+    mach_msg_type_number_t count;
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        // No state in the message, fall through to get it directly from the thread.
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.old_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.old_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.old_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.old_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.new_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.new_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.new_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.new_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.new_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.new_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    {
+        // There's a state in the message, but we need to check that the flavor matches what the caller's
+        // after (if not we'll fall through and get the correct flavor below).
+        if (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.flavor == eFlavor)
+        {
+            count = m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.new_state_count;
+            memcpy(pState, m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.new_state, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+            return count;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type for requesting thread state.");
+    }
+
+    // No state in the message or the flavor didn't match. Get the requested flavor of state directly from the
+    // thread instead.
+    count = THREAD_STATE_MAX;
+    machret = thread_get_state(thread ? thread : GetThread(), eFlavor, (thread_state_t)pState, &count);
+    CHECK_MACH("thread_get_state()", machret);
+
+    return count;
+}
+
+// Fetch the return code from a reply type message.
+kern_return_t MachMessage::GetReturnCode()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_reply.ret;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_reply_64.ret;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.ret;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.ret;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.ret;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.ret;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Initialize and send a request to set the register context of a particular thread.
+void MachMessage::SendSetThread(mach_port_t hServerPort, CONTEXT *pContext)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    // Set the message type.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_id = SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID;
+
+    // Initialize the fields that don't need any further input (this depends on the message type having been
+    // set above).
+    InitFixedFields();
+
+    // Initialize type-specific fields. The receiving end is responsible for deallocating the thread port.
+    m_pMessage->data.set_thread.thread = mach_thread_self();
+    memcpy(&m_pMessage->data.set_thread.new_context, pContext, sizeof(CONTEXT));
+
+    // Initialize header fields.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_bits = MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND, 0);
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_remote_port = hServerPort;      // Destination port
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_local_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;    // We expect no reply
+
+    // Set the message header size field based on the contents of the message (call this function after all
+    // other fields have been initialized).
+    InitMessageSize();
+
+    // Send the formatted message.
+    machret = mach_msg((mach_msg_header_t*)m_pMessage,
+                       MACH_SEND_MSG | MACH_MSG_OPTION_NONE,
+                       m_pMessage->header.msgh_size,
+                       0,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL,
+                       MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL);
+    CHECK_MACH("mach_msg()", machret);
+
+    // Erase any stale data. (This may not finish executing; nothing is needed to be freed here.)
+    ResetMessage();
+}
+
+void MachMessage::SendForwardException(mach_port_t hServerPort, MachExceptionInfo *pExceptionInfo, CPalThread *ppalThread)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    // Set the message type.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_id = FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID;
+
+    // Initialize the fields that don't need any further input (this depends on the message type having been
+    // set above).
+    InitFixedFields();
+
+    // Initialize type-specific fields. The receiving end is responsible for deallocating the thread port.
+    m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.thread = mach_thread_self();
+    m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.ppalThread = ppalThread;
+    memcpy(&m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.exception_info, pExceptionInfo, sizeof(MachExceptionInfo));
+
+    // Initialize header fields.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_bits = MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND, 0);
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_remote_port = hServerPort;      // Destination port
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_local_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;    // We expect no reply
+
+    // Set the message header size field based on the contents of the message (call this function after all
+    // other fields have been initialized).
+    InitMessageSize();
+
+    // Send the formatted message.
+    machret = mach_msg((mach_msg_header_t*)m_pMessage,
+                       MACH_SEND_MSG | MACH_MSG_OPTION_NONE,
+                       m_pMessage->header.msgh_size,
+                       0,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL,
+                       MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL);
+    CHECK_MACH("mach_msg()", machret);
+
+    // Erase any stale data.
+    ResetMessage();
+}
+
+// Returns the pal thread instance for the forward exception message
+CPalThread *MachMessage::GetPalThread()
+{
+    NONPAL_ASSERTE(IsForwardExceptionRequest());
+    return m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.ppalThread;
+}
+
+MachExceptionInfo *MachMessage::GetExceptionInfo()
+{
+    NONPAL_ASSERTE(IsForwardExceptionRequest());
+    return &m_pMessage->data.forward_exception.exception_info;
+}
+
+// Initialize the message to represent a forwarded version of the given exception notification message and
+// send that message to the chain-back handler previously registered for the exception type being notified.
+// The new message takes account of the fact that the target handler may not have requested the same notification
+// behavior or flavor as our handler. A new Mach port is created to receive the reply, and this port is returned
+// to the caller. Clean up the message afterwards.
+void MachMessage::ForwardNotification(MachExceptionHandler *pHandler, MachMessage& message)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    // Set the message type.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_id = MapBehaviorToNotificationType(pHandler->m_behavior);
+
+    // Initialize the fields that don't need any further input (this depends on the message type having been
+    // set above).
+    InitFixedFields();
+
+    // Copy data from the incoming message. Use the getter and setter abstractions to simplify the act that
+    // the two messages may be in different formats (e.g. RAISE vs RAISE_STATE). We silently drop data that is
+    // not needed in the outgoing message and synthesize any required data that is not present in the incoming
+    // message.
+    SetThread(message.GetThread());
+    SetException(message.GetException());
+
+    int cCodes = message.GetExceptionCodeCount();
+    SetExceptionCodeCount(cCodes);
+    for (int i = 0; i < cCodes; i++)
+        SetExceptionCode(i, message.GetExceptionCode(i));
+
+    // Don't bother fetching thread state unless the destination actually requires it.
+    if (pHandler->m_flavor != THREAD_STATE_NONE)
+    {
+        thread_state_data_t threadState;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t count = message.GetThreadState(pHandler->m_flavor, (thread_state_t)&threadState);
+        SetThreadState(pHandler->m_flavor, (thread_state_t)&threadState, count);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize header fields.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_bits = MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND, MACH_MSG_TYPE_MOVE_SEND_ONCE);
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_remote_port = pHandler->m_handler;          // Forward to here
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_local_port = message.GetRemotePort();       // The reply will come here
+
+    // Set the message header size field based on the contents of the message (call this function after all
+    // other fields have been initialized).
+    InitMessageSize();
+
+    // Send the formatted message.
+    machret = mach_msg((mach_msg_header_t*)m_pMessage,
+                       MACH_SEND_MSG | MACH_MSG_OPTION_NONE,
+                       m_pMessage->header.msgh_size,
+                       0,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL,
+                       MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL);
+    CHECK_MACH("mach_msg()", machret);
+
+    // Erase any stale data.
+    ResetMessage();
+}
+
+// Initialize the message to represent a reply to the given exception notification message
+// and send that reply back to the original sender of the notification. This is used when 
+// our handler handles the exception rather than forwarding it to a chain-back handler.
+// Clean up the message afterwards.
+void MachMessage::ReplyToNotification(MachMessage& message, kern_return_t eResult)
+{
+    kern_return_t machret;
+
+    // Set the message type.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_id = MapNotificationToReplyType(message.m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+
+    // Initialize the fields that don't need any further input (this depends on the message type having been
+    // set above).
+    InitFixedFields();
+
+    SetReturnCode(eResult);
+
+    thread_state_flavor_t eNotificationFlavor = message.GetThreadStateFlavor();
+    if (eNotificationFlavor != THREAD_STATE_NONE)
+    {
+        // If the reply requires a thread state be sure to get it from the thread directly rather than the
+        // notification message (handling the exception is likely to have changed the thread state).
+        thread_state_data_t threadState;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t count = THREAD_STATE_MAX;
+        machret = thread_get_state(message.GetThread(), eNotificationFlavor, (thread_state_t)&threadState, &count);
+
+        SetThreadState(eNotificationFlavor, (thread_state_t)&threadState, count);
+    }
+
+    // Initialize header fields.
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_bits = MACH_MSGH_BITS(MACH_MSG_TYPE_MOVE_SEND_ONCE, 0);
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_remote_port = message.GetRemotePort();     // Reply goes back to sender
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_local_port = 0;                                 // No reply to this expected
+
+    // Set the message header size field based on the contents of the message (call this function after all
+    // other fields have been initialized).
+    InitMessageSize();
+
+    // Send the formatted message.
+    machret = mach_msg((mach_msg_header_t*)m_pMessage,
+                       MACH_SEND_MSG | MACH_MSG_OPTION_NONE,
+                       m_pMessage->header.msgh_size,
+                       0,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL,
+                       MACH_MSG_TIMEOUT_NONE,
+                       MACH_PORT_NULL);
+    CHECK_MACH("mach_msg()", machret);
+
+    // Erase any stale data.
+    ResetMessage();
+}
+
+// Re-initializes this data structure (to the same state as default construction, containing no message).
+void MachMessage::ResetMessage()
+{
+    // Clean up ports if we own them.
+    if (m_fPortsOwned)
+    {
+        kern_return_t machret;
+        
+        GetPorts(false /* fCalculate */, false /* fValidThread */);
+        if (m_hThread != MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        {
+            machret = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), m_hThread);
+            CHECK_MACH("mach_port_deallocate(m_hThread)", machret);
+        }
+        
+        if (m_hTask != MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        {
+            machret = mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), m_hTask);
+            CHECK_MACH("mach_port_deallocate(m_hTask)", machret);
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    memset(this, 0xcc, sizeof(*this));
+#endif
+
+    m_pMessage = (mach_message_t*)m_rgMessageBuffer;
+    m_hThread = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+    m_hTask = MACH_PORT_NULL;
+    m_fPortsOwned = false;
+}
+
+// Initialize those fields of a message that are invariant. This method expects that the msgh_id field has
+// been filled in prior to the call so it can determine which non-header fields to initialize.
+void MachMessage::InitFixedFields()
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID:
+        break;
+
+    case FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID:
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.msgh_body.msgh_descriptor_count = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.ndr = NDR_record;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.name = mach_task_self();
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.task_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        m_hTask = mach_task_self();
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.msgh_body.msgh_descriptor_count = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.name = mach_task_self();
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.task_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        m_hTask = mach_task_self();
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.msgh_body.msgh_descriptor_count = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.ndr = NDR_record;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.name = mach_task_self();
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.task_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        m_hTask = mach_task_self();
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.msgh_body.msgh_descriptor_count = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.name = mach_task_self();
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.task_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        m_hTask = mach_task_self();
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_reply.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_reply_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.ndr = NDR_record;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unhandled message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+
+    m_pMessage->header.msgh_reserved = 0;
+    
+    if (m_hTask)
+    {
+        kern_return_t machret;
+        // Addref the task, because the receiver will expect it to own it. (or, if we
+        // free it unsent, we'll expect to deallocate it).
+        machret = mach_port_mod_refs(mach_task_self(), m_hTask, MACH_PORT_RIGHT_SEND, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Initialize the size field of the message header (msgh_size) based on the message type and other fields.
+// This should be called after all other fields have been initialized.
+void MachMessage::InitMessageSize()
+{
+    // Note that in particular the kernel is very particular about the size of messages with embedded thread
+    // states. The size of the message must reflect the exact size of the state flavor contained, not the
+    // maximum size of a thread state that the message format implies.
+
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(set_thread_request_t);
+        break;
+
+    case FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(forward_exception_request_t);
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(exception_raise_notification_t);
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(exception_raise_notification_64_t);
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_notification_t, old_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_notification_64_t, old_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_identity_notification_t, old_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.old_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_identity_notification_64_t, old_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.old_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(exception_raise_reply_t);
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) + sizeof(exception_raise_reply_64_t);
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_reply_t, new_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.new_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_reply_64_t, new_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.new_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_identity_reply_t, new_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.new_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->header.msgh_size = sizeof(mach_msg_header_t) +
+            offsetof(exception_raise_state_identity_reply_64_t, new_state) +
+            (m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.new_state_count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unhandled message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Given a thread's register context, locate and return the Mach port representing that thread. Only the
+// x86_THREAD_STATE and x86_THREAD_STATE32 state flavors are supported for 32-bit.
+thread_act_t MachMessage::GetThreadFromState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState)
+{
+    SIZE_T targetSP;
+
+    // Determine SP from the state provided based on its flavor (this algorithm only works with SP, so
+    // flavors that don't report this register can't be used). However, hosts that use RAISE_STATE and a
+    // flavor of state that don't contain SP should be very, very rare indeed (it's hard to imagine many
+    // useful exception handlers that receive neither the exception thread or the general registers of that
+    // thread).
+    switch (eFlavor)
+    {
+#ifdef _X86_
+    case x86_THREAD_STATE:
+        targetSP = ((x86_thread_state_t*)pState)->uts.ts32.esp;
+        break;
+
+    case x86_THREAD_STATE32:
+        targetSP = ((x86_thread_state32_t*)pState)->esp;
+        break;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+    case x86_THREAD_STATE:
+        targetSP = ((x86_thread_state_t*)pState)->uts.ts64.__rsp;
+        break;
+
+    case x86_THREAD_STATE64:
+        targetSP = ((x86_thread_state64_t*)pState)->__rsp;
+        break;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unhandled thread state flavor: %u", eFlavor);
+    }
+
+    // Capture the list of threads in the current task. Obviously this changes asynchronously to us, but that
+    // doesn't matter since we know the thread we're after is suspended in the kernel and can't go anywhere.
+    mach_msg_type_number_t cThreads;
+    thread_act_t *pThreads;
+    kern_return_t machret = task_threads(mach_task_self(), &pThreads, &cThreads);
+    CHECK_MACH("task_threads()", machret);
+
+    // Iterate through each of the threads in the list.
+    for (mach_msg_type_number_t i = 0; i < cThreads; i++)
+    {
+        // Get the general register state of each thread.
+        x86_thread_state_t threadState;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t count = x86_THREAD_STATE_COUNT;
+        machret = thread_get_state(pThreads[i], x86_THREAD_STATE, (thread_state_t)&threadState, &count);
+        if (machret == KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            // If a thread has the same SP as our target it should be the same thread (otherwise we have two
+            // threads sharing the same stack which is very bad). Conversely the thread we're looking for is
+            // suspended in the kernel so its SP should not change. We should always be able to find an exact
+            // match as a result.
+#ifdef _X86_
+            if (threadState.uts.ts32.esp == targetSP)
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+            if (threadState.uts.ts64.__rsp == targetSP)
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+            {
+                thread_act_t thread = pThreads[i];
+                
+                // Increment the refcount; the thread is a "send" right.
+                machret = mach_port_mod_refs(mach_task_self(), thread, MACH_PORT_RIGHT_SEND, 1);
+                CHECK_MACH("mach_port_mod_refs()", machret);
+
+                // Deallocate the thread list now we're done with it.
+                machret = vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), (vm_address_t)pThreads, cThreads * sizeof(thread_act_t));
+                CHECK_MACH("vm_deallocate()", machret);
+
+                // Return the thread we found.
+                return thread;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // If we got here no thread matched. That shouldn't be possible.
+    NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Failed to locate thread from state.");
+}
+
+// Transform a exception handler behavior type into the corresponding Mach message ID for the notification.
+mach_msg_id_t MachMessage::MapBehaviorToNotificationType(exception_behavior_t eBehavior)
+{
+    switch ((uint)eBehavior)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_DEFAULT:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_STATE:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES|EXCEPTION_DEFAULT:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES|EXCEPTION_STATE:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case MACH_EXCEPTION_CODES|EXCEPTION_STATE_IDENTITY:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported exception behavior type: %u", eBehavior);
+    }
+}
+
+// Transform a Mach message ID for an exception notification into the corresponding ID for the reply.
+mach_msg_id_t MachMessage::MapNotificationToReplyType(mach_msg_id_t eNotificationType)
+{
+    switch (eNotificationType)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        return EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID;
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", eNotificationType);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set faulting thread in an exception notification message.
+void MachMessage::SetThread(thread_act_t thread)
+{
+    bool fSet = false;
+
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.name = thread;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.thread_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        fSet = true;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.name = thread;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.thread_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        fSet = true;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        // No thread field in RAISE_STATE messages.
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.name = thread;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.thread_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        fSet = true;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.name = thread;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.pad1 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.pad2 = 0;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.disposition = MACH_MSG_TYPE_COPY_SEND;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.thread_port.type = MACH_MSG_PORT_DESCRIPTOR;
+        fSet = true;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+    
+    if (fSet)
+    {
+        // Addref the thread port.
+        kern_return_t machret;
+        machret = mach_port_mod_refs(mach_task_self(), thread, MACH_PORT_RIGHT_SEND, 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set exception type in an exception notification message.
+void MachMessage::SetException(exception_type_t eException)
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.exception = eException;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set exception sub-code count in an exception notification message.
+void MachMessage::SetExceptionCodeCount(int cCodes)
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.code_count = cCodes;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set exception sub-code in an exception notification message.
+void MachMessage::SetExceptionCode(int iIndex, MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t) iCode)
+{
+    if (iIndex < 0 || iIndex > 1)
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Exception code index out of range");
+
+    // Note that although the 64-bit message variants support 64-bit exception sub-codes the CoreCLR only
+    // supports 32-bit processes. We should never see the upper 32-bits containing a non-zero value therefore.
+
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise.code[iIndex] = (int)iCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_64.code[iIndex] = iCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.code[iIndex] = (int)iCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.code[iIndex] = iCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.code[iIndex] = (int)iCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.code[iIndex] = iCode;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set return code in a reply message.
+void MachMessage::SetReturnCode(kern_return_t eReturnCode)
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_reply.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_reply_64.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.ret = eReturnCode;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+// Set faulting thread register state in an exception notification or reply message.
+void MachMessage::SetThreadState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState, mach_msg_type_number_t count)
+{
+    switch (m_pMessage->header.msgh_id)
+    {
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        // No thread state in RAISE or RAISE_REPLY messages.
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state.old_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_64.old_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.old_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity.old_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.old_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_64.old_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.new_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply.new_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.new_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_reply_64.new_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.new_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply.new_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    case EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID:
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.flavor = eFlavor;
+        m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.new_state_count = count;
+        memcpy(m_pMessage->data.raise_state_identity_reply_64.new_state, pState, count * sizeof(natural_t));
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("Unsupported message type: %u", m_pMessage->header.msgh_id);
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.h b/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..244396cd35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/machmessage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+Module Name:
+
+    machmessage.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Abstraction over Mach messages used during exception handling.
+
+--*/
+
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#include <mach/mach_error.h>
+#include <mach/thread_status.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+#define MACH_EH_TYPE(x) mach_##x
+#else
+#define MACH_EH_TYPE(x) x
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_)
+
+// The vast majority of Mach calls we make in this module are critical: we cannot recover from failures of
+// these methods (principally because we're handling hardware exceptions in the context of a single dedicated
+// handler thread). The following macro encapsulates checking the return code from Mach methods and emitting 
+// some useful data and aborting the process on failure.
+#define CHECK_MACH(_msg, machret) do {                                      \
+        if (machret != KERN_SUCCESS)                                        \
+        {                                                                   \
+            char _szError[1024];                                            \
+            sprintf(_szError, "%s: %u: %s", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, _msg);  \
+            mach_error(_szError, machret);                                  \
+            abort();                                                        \
+        }                                                                   \
+    } while (false)
+
+// This macro terminates the process with some useful debug info as above, but for the general failure points
+// that have nothing to do with Mach.
+#define NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT(_msg, ...) do {                                    \
+        printf("%s: %u: " _msg "\n", __FUNCTION__, __LINE__, ## __VA_ARGS__);   \
+        abort();                                                                \
+    } while (false)
+
+#define NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERTE(_expr) do {                    \
+        if (!(_expr))                                        \
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("ASSERT: %s\n", #_expr);    \
+    } while (false)
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+
+#define NONPAL_TRACE_ENABLED EnvironGetenv("NONPAL_TRACING", /* copyValue */ false)
+
+#define NONPAL_ASSERT(_msg, ...) NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT(_msg, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+// Assert macro that doesn't rely on the PAL.
+#define NONPAL_ASSERTE(_expr) do {                           \
+        if (!(_expr))                                        \
+            NONPAL_RETAIL_ASSERT("ASSERT: %s\n", #_expr);    \
+    } while (false)
+
+// Debug-only output with printf-style formatting.
+#define NONPAL_TRACE(_format, ...) do {                                              \
+        if (NONPAL_TRACE_ENABLED) printf("NONPAL_TRACE: " _format, ## __VA_ARGS__);  \
+    } while (false)
+
+#else // _DEBUG
+
+#define NONPAL_TRACE_ENABLED false 
+#define NONPAL_ASSERT(_msg, ...)
+#define NONPAL_ASSERTE(_expr)
+#define NONPAL_TRACE(_format, ...)
+
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+class MachMessage;
+
+// Contains all the exception and thread state information needed to forward the exception.
+struct MachExceptionInfo
+{
+    exception_type_t ExceptionType;
+    mach_msg_type_number_t SubcodeCount;
+    MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t) Subcodes[2];
+    x86_thread_state_t ThreadState;
+    x86_float_state_t FloatState;
+    x86_debug_state_t DebugState;
+
+    MachExceptionInfo(mach_port_t thread, MachMessage& message);
+    void RestoreState(mach_port_t thread);
+};
+
+// Abstraction of a subset of Mach message types. Provides accessors that hide the subtle differences in the
+// message layout of similar message types.
+class MachMessage
+{
+public:
+    // The message types handled by this class. The values are the actual type codes set in the Mach message
+    // header.
+    enum MessageType
+    {
+        SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID = 1,
+        FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID = 2,
+        NOTIFY_SEND_ONCE_MESSAGE_ID = 71,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID = 2401,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID = 2402,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID = 2403,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2405,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2406,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2407,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID = 2501,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID = 2502,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID = 2503,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2505,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2506,
+        EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID = 2507
+    };
+
+    // Construct an empty message. Use Receive() to form a message that can be inspected or SendSetThread(),
+    // ForwardNotification() or ReplyToNotification() to construct a message and sent it.
+    MachMessage();
+
+    // Listen for the next message on the given port and initialize this class with the contents. The message
+    // type must match one of the MessageTypes indicated above (or the process will be aborted).
+    void Receive(mach_port_t hPort);
+
+    // Indicate whether a received message belongs to a particular semantic class.
+    bool IsSetThreadRequest();          // Message is a request to set the context of a particular thread
+    bool IsForwardExceptionRequest();   // Message is a request to forward the exception
+    bool IsSendOnceDestroyedNotify();   // Message is a notification that a send-once message was destroyed by the receiver
+    bool IsExceptionNotification();     // Message is a notification of an exception
+    bool IsExceptionReply();            // Message is a reply to the notification of an exception
+
+    // Get properties of a received message header.
+    MessageType GetMessageType();       // The message type
+    const char *GetMessageTypeName();   // An ASCII representation of the message type for logging purposes
+    mach_port_t GetLocalPort();         // The destination port the message was sent to
+    mach_port_t GetRemotePort();        // The source port the message came from (if a reply is expected)
+
+    // Get the properties of a set thread request. Fills in the provided context structure with the context
+    // from the message and returns the target thread to which the context should be applied.
+    thread_act_t GetThreadContext(CONTEXT *pContext);
+
+    // Returns the pal thread instance for the forward exception message
+    CPalThread *GetPalThread();
+
+    // Returns the exception info from the forward exception message
+    MachExceptionInfo *GetExceptionInfo();
+
+    // Get properties of the type-specific portion of the message. The following properties are supported by
+    // exception notification messages only.
+    thread_act_t GetThread();           // Get the faulting thread
+    exception_type_t GetException();    // Get the exception type (e.g. EXC_BAD_ACCESS)
+    int GetExceptionCodeCount();        // Get the number of exception sub-codes
+    MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t) GetExceptionCode(int iIndex);   // Get the exception sub-code at the given index
+
+    // Fetch the thread state flavor from a notification or reply message (return THREAD_STATE_NONE for the
+    // messages that don't contain a thread state).
+    thread_state_flavor_t GetThreadStateFlavor();
+
+    // Get the thread state with the given flavor from the exception or exception reply message. If the
+    // message doesn't contain a thread state or the flavor of the state in the message doesn't match, the
+    // state will be fetched directly from the target thread instead (which can be computed implicitly for
+    // exception messages or passed explicitly for reply messages).
+    mach_msg_type_number_t GetThreadState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState, thread_act_t thread = NULL);
+
+    // Fetch the return code from a reply type message.
+    kern_return_t GetReturnCode();
+
+    // Initialize and send a request to set the register context of a particular thread.
+    void SendSetThread(mach_port_t hServerPort, CONTEXT *pContext);
+
+    // Initialize and send a request to forward the exception message to the notification thread
+    void SendForwardException(mach_port_t hServerPort, MachExceptionInfo *pExceptionInfo, CPalThread *ppalThread);
+
+    // Initialize the message (overwriting any previous content) to represent a forwarded version of the given
+    // exception notification message and send that message to the chain-back handler previously registered
+    // for the exception type being notified. The new message takes account of the fact that the target
+    // handler may not have requested the same notification behavior or flavor as our handler.
+    void ForwardNotification(MachExceptionHandler *pHandler, MachMessage& message);
+
+    // Initialize the message (overwriting any previous content) to represent a reply to the given exception
+    // notification and send that reply back to the original sender of the notification. This is used when our
+    // handler handles the exception rather than forwarding it to a chain-back handler.
+    void ReplyToNotification(MachMessage& message, kern_return_t eResult);
+
+private:
+    // The maximum size in bytes of any Mach message we can send or receive. Calculating an exact size for
+    // this is non trivial (basically because of the security trailers that Mach appends) but the current
+    // value has proven to be more than enough so far.
+    static const size_t kcbMaxMessageSize = 1500;
+
+    // The following are structures describing the formats of the Mach messages we understand.
+
+    // Request to set the register context on a particular thread.
+    // SET_THREAD_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct set_thread_request_t
+    {
+        thread_act_t thread;
+        CONTEXT new_context;
+    };
+
+    // Request to forward the exception notification
+    // FORWARD_EXCEPTION_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct forward_exception_request_t
+    {
+        thread_act_t thread;
+        CPalThread *ppalThread;
+        MachExceptionInfo exception_info;
+    };
+
+#pragma pack(4)
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_notification_t
+    {
+        mach_msg_body_t msgh_body;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t thread_port;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t task_port;
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        exception_data_type_t code[2];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_reply_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_notification_64_t
+    {
+        mach_msg_body_t msgh_body;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t thread_port;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t task_port;
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        mach_exception_data_type_t code[2];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_reply_64_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_notification_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        exception_data_type_t code[2];
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count;
+        natural_t old_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_reply_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t new_state_count;
+        natural_t new_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_notification_64_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        mach_exception_data_type_t code[2];
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count;
+        natural_t old_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_reply_64_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t new_state_count;
+        natural_t new_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_identity_notification_t
+    {
+        mach_msg_body_t msgh_body;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t thread_port;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t task_port;
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        exception_data_type_t code[2];
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count;
+        natural_t old_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_identity_reply_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t new_state_count;
+        natural_t new_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_identity_notification_64_t
+    {
+        mach_msg_body_t msgh_body;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t thread_port;
+        mach_msg_port_descriptor_t task_port;
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        exception_type_t exception;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t code_count;
+        mach_exception_data_type_t code[2];
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t old_state_count;
+        natural_t old_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+    // EXCEPTION_RAISE_STATE_IDENTITY_REPLY_64_MESSAGE_ID
+    struct exception_raise_state_identity_reply_64_t
+    {
+        NDR_record_t ndr;
+        kern_return_t ret;
+        thread_state_flavor_t flavor;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t new_state_count;
+        natural_t new_state[THREAD_STATE_MAX];
+    };
+
+#pragma pack()
+
+    // All the above messages are sent with a standard Mach header prepended. This structure unifies the
+    // message formats.
+    struct mach_message_t
+    {
+        mach_msg_header_t       header;
+        union
+        {
+            set_thread_request_t                                set_thread;
+            forward_exception_request_t                         forward_exception;
+            exception_raise_notification_t                      raise;
+            exception_raise_state_notification_t                raise_state;
+            exception_raise_state_identity_notification_t       raise_state_identity;
+            exception_raise_notification_64_t                   raise_64;
+            exception_raise_state_notification_64_t             raise_state_64;
+            exception_raise_state_identity_notification_64_t    raise_state_identity_64;
+            exception_raise_reply_t                             raise_reply;
+            exception_raise_state_reply_t                       raise_state_reply;
+            exception_raise_state_identity_reply_t              raise_state_identity_reply;
+            exception_raise_reply_64_t                          raise_reply_64;
+            exception_raise_state_reply_64_t                    raise_state_reply_64;
+            exception_raise_state_identity_reply_64_t           raise_state_identity_reply_64;
+        } data;
+    } __attribute__((packed));;
+
+    // Re-initializes this data structure (to the same state as default construction, containing no message).
+    void ResetMessage();
+
+    // Initialize those fields of a message that are invariant. This method expects that the msgh_id field has
+    // been filled in prior to the call so it can determine which non-header fields to initialize.
+    void InitFixedFields();
+
+    // Initialize the size field of the message header (msgh_size) based on the message type and other fields.
+    // This should be called after all other fields have been initialized.
+    void InitMessageSize();
+
+    // Do the work of getting ports from the message.
+    //  * fCalculate -- calculate the thread port if the message did not contain it.
+    //  * fValidate  -- failfast if the message was not one expected to have a (calculable) thread port.
+    void GetPorts(bool fCalculate, bool fValidThread);
+    
+    // Given a thread's register context, locate and return the Mach port representing that thread. Only the
+    // x86_THREAD_STATE and x86_THREAD_STATE32 state flavors are supported.
+    thread_act_t GetThreadFromState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState);
+
+    // Transform a exception handler behavior type into the corresponding Mach message ID for the
+    // notification.
+    mach_msg_id_t MapBehaviorToNotificationType(exception_behavior_t eBehavior);
+
+    // Transform a Mach message ID for an exception notification into the corresponding ID for the reply.
+    mach_msg_id_t MapNotificationToReplyType(mach_msg_id_t eNotificationType);
+
+    // The following methods initialize fields on the message prior to transmission. Each is valid for either
+    // notification, replies or both. If a particular setter is defined for replies, say, then it will be a
+    // no-op for any replies which don't contain that field. This makes transforming between notifications and
+    // replies of different types simpler (we can copy a super-set of all fields between the two, but only
+    // those operations that make sense will do any work).
+
+    // Defined for notifications:
+    void SetThread(thread_act_t thread);
+    void SetException(exception_type_t eException);
+    void SetExceptionCodeCount(int cCodes);
+    void SetExceptionCode(int iIndex, MACH_EH_TYPE(exception_data_type_t) iCode);
+
+    // Defined for replies:
+    void SetReturnCode(kern_return_t eReturnCode);
+
+    // Defined for both notifications and replies.
+    void SetThreadState(thread_state_flavor_t eFlavor, thread_state_t pState, mach_msg_type_number_t count);
+
+    // Maximally sized buffer for the message to be received into or transmitted out of this class.
+    unsigned char   m_rgMessageBuffer[kcbMaxMessageSize];
+
+    // Initialized by ResetMessage() to point to the buffer above. Gives a typed view of the encapsulated Mach
+    // message.
+    mach_message_t *m_pMessage;
+
+    // Cached value of GetThread() or MACH_PORT_NULL if that has not been computed yet.
+    thread_act_t    m_hThread;
+    
+    // Cached value of the task port or MACH_PORT_NULL if the message doesn't have one.
+    mach_port_t     m_hTask;
+    
+    // Considered whether we are responsible for the deallocation of the ports in
+    // this message. It is true for messages we receive, and false for messages we send.
+    bool m_fPortsOwned;
+};
+
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/seh-unwind.cpp b/src/pal/src/exception/seh-unwind.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..24eebbbf94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/seh-unwind.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,737 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seh-unwind.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of exception API functions based on
+    the Unwind API.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+#error FEATURE_PAL_SXS needs to be defined for this file.
+#endif // !FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+#include "pal/context.h"
+#include "pal.h"
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+ 
+#if HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H
+#ifndef __linux__
+#define UNW_LOCAL_ONLY
+#endif // !__linux__       
+#include <libunwind.h>
+#ifdef __linux__
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE
+#include <libunwind-ptrace.h>
+#endif // HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE
+#endif // __linux__    
+#endif // HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H
+
+
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Virtual Unwinding
+//----------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if HAVE_LIBUNWIND_H
+#if UNWIND_CONTEXT_IS_UCONTEXT_T
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+#define ASSIGN_UNWIND_REGS \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Rip)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Rsp)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Rbp)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Rbx)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(R12)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(R13)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(R14)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(R15)
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+#define ASSIGN_UNWIND_REGS \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Pc)         \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Sp)         \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Fp)         \
+    ASSIGN_REG(Lr)         \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X19)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X20)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X21)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X22)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X23)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X24)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X25)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X26)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X27)        \
+    ASSIGN_REG(X28)
+#else
+#error unsupported architecture
+#endif
+
+static void WinContextToUnwindContext(CONTEXT *winContext, unw_context_t *unwContext)
+{
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) MCREG_##reg(unwContext->uc_mcontext) = winContext->reg;
+    ASSIGN_UNWIND_REGS
+#undef ASSIGN_REG
+}
+#else
+static void WinContextToUnwindContext(CONTEXT *winContext, unw_context_t *unwContext)
+{
+#if defined(_ARM_)    
+    // Assuming that unw_set_reg() on cursor will point the cursor to the
+    // supposed stack frame is dangerous for libunwind-arm in Linux.
+    // It is because libunwind's unw_cursor_t has other data structure
+    // initialized by unw_init_local(), which are not updated by
+    // unw_set_reg().
+    unwContext->regs[0] = 0;
+    unwContext->regs[1] = 0;
+    unwContext->regs[2] = 0;
+    unwContext->regs[3] = 0;
+    unwContext->regs[4] = winContext->R4;
+    unwContext->regs[5] = winContext->R5;
+    unwContext->regs[6] = winContext->R6;
+    unwContext->regs[7] = winContext->R7;
+    unwContext->regs[8] = winContext->R8;
+    unwContext->regs[9] = winContext->R9;
+    unwContext->regs[10] = winContext->R10;
+    unwContext->regs[11] = winContext->R11;
+    unwContext->regs[12] = 0;
+    unwContext->regs[13] = winContext->Sp;
+    unwContext->regs[14] = winContext->Lr;
+    unwContext->regs[15] = winContext->Pc;
+#endif    
+} 
+
+static void WinContextToUnwindCursor(CONTEXT *winContext, unw_cursor_t *cursor)
+{
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_IP, winContext->Rip);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_SP, winContext->Rsp);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_RBP, winContext->Rbp);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_RBX, winContext->Rbx);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R12, winContext->R12);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R13, winContext->R13);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R14, winContext->R14);
+    unw_set_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R15, winContext->R15);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+static void UnwindContextToWinContext(unw_cursor_t *cursor, CONTEXT *winContext)
+{
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_IP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Rip);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_SP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Rsp);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_RBP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Rbp);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_RBX, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Rbx);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R12, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R12);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R13, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R13);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R14, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R14);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_X86_64_R15, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R15);
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_SP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Sp);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_IP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Pc);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R14, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Lr);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R4, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R4);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R5, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R5);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R6, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R6);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R7, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R7);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R8, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R8);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R9, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R9);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R10, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R10);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_ARM_R11, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->R11);
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_IP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Pc);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_REG_SP, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Sp);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X29, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Fp);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X30, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->Lr);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X19, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X19);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X20, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X20);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X21, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X21);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X22, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X22);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X23, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X23);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X24, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X24);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X25, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X25);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X26, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X26);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X27, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X27);
+    unw_get_reg(cursor, UNW_AARCH64_X28, (unw_word_t *) &winContext->X28);
+#else
+#error unsupported architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+static void GetContextPointer(unw_cursor_t *cursor, unw_context_t *unwContext, int reg, SIZE_T **contextPointer)
+{
+#if defined(HAVE_UNW_GET_SAVE_LOC)
+    unw_save_loc_t saveLoc;
+    unw_get_save_loc(cursor, reg, &saveLoc);
+    if (saveLoc.type == UNW_SLT_MEMORY)
+    {
+        SIZE_T *pLoc = (SIZE_T *)saveLoc.u.addr;
+        // Filter out fake save locations that point to unwContext 
+        if (unwContext == NULL || (pLoc < (SIZE_T *)unwContext) || ((SIZE_T *)(unwContext + 1) <= pLoc))
+            *contextPointer = (SIZE_T *)saveLoc.u.addr;
+    }
+#else
+    // Returning NULL indicates that we don't have context pointers available
+    *contextPointer = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+static void GetContextPointers(unw_cursor_t *cursor, unw_context_t *unwContext, KNONVOLATILE_CONTEXT_POINTERS *contextPointers)
+{
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_RBP, &contextPointers->Rbp);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_RBX, &contextPointers->Rbx);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_R12, &contextPointers->R12);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_R13, &contextPointers->R13);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_R14, &contextPointers->R14);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_X86_64_R15, &contextPointers->R15);
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R4, &contextPointers->R4);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R5, &contextPointers->R5);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R6, &contextPointers->R6);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R7, &contextPointers->R7);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R8, &contextPointers->R8);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R9, &contextPointers->R9);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R10, &contextPointers->R10);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_ARM_R11, &contextPointers->R11);
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X19, &contextPointers->X19);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X20, &contextPointers->X20);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X21, &contextPointers->X21);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X22, &contextPointers->X22);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X23, &contextPointers->X23);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X24, &contextPointers->X24);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X25, &contextPointers->X25);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X26, &contextPointers->X26);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X27, &contextPointers->X27);
+    GetContextPointer(cursor, unwContext, UNW_AARCH64_X28, &contextPointers->X28);
+#else
+#error unsupported architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+BOOL PAL_VirtualUnwind(CONTEXT *context, KNONVOLATILE_CONTEXT_POINTERS *contextPointers)
+{
+    int st;
+    unw_context_t unwContext;
+    unw_cursor_t cursor;
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(_ARM64_) || defined(_ARM_)
+    DWORD64 curPc;
+#endif
+
+    if ((context->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_EXCEPTION_ACTIVE) != 0)
+    {
+        // The current frame is a source of hardware exception. Due to the fact that
+        // we use the low level unwinder to unwind just one frame a time, the
+        // unwinder doesn't have the signal_frame flag set. So it doesn't
+        // know that it should not decrement the PC before looking up the unwind info.
+        // So we compensate it by incrementing the PC before passing it to the unwinder.
+        // Without it, the unwinder would not find unwind info if the hardware exception
+        // happened in the first instruction of a function.
+        CONTEXTSetPC(context, CONTEXTGetPC(context) + 1);
+    }
+
+#if !UNWIND_CONTEXT_IS_UCONTEXT_T
+    st = unw_getcontext(&unwContext);
+    if (st < 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    WinContextToUnwindContext(context, &unwContext);
+
+    st = unw_init_local(&cursor, &unwContext);
+    if (st < 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+#if !UNWIND_CONTEXT_IS_UCONTEXT_T
+    // Set the unwind context to the specified windows context
+    WinContextToUnwindCursor(context, &cursor);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)  || defined(_ARM64_) || defined(_ARM_)
+    // FreeBSD, NetBSD and OSX appear to do two different things when unwinding
+    // 1: If it reaches where it cannot unwind anymore, say a 
+    // managed frame.  It wil return 0, but also update the $pc
+    // 2: If it unwinds all the way to _start it will return
+    // 0 from the step, but $pc will stay the same.
+    // The behaviour of libunwind from nongnu.org is to null the PC
+    // So we bank the original PC here, so we can compare it after
+    // the step
+    curPc = CONTEXTGetPC(context);
+#endif
+
+    st = unw_step(&cursor);
+    if (st < 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the frame we have unwound to is a frame that caused
+    // synchronous signal, like a hardware exception and record it
+    // in the context flags.
+    if (unw_is_signal_frame(&cursor) > 0)
+    {
+        context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_EXCEPTION_ACTIVE;
+#if defined(_ARM_) || defined(_ARM64_)
+        context->ContextFlags &= ~CONTEXT_UNWOUND_TO_CALL;
+#endif // _ARM_ || _ARM64_
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        context->ContextFlags &= ~CONTEXT_EXCEPTION_ACTIVE;
+#if defined(_ARM_) || defined(_ARM64_)
+        context->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_UNWOUND_TO_CALL;
+#endif // _ARM_ || _ARM64_
+    }
+
+    // Update the passed in windows context to reflect the unwind
+    //
+    UnwindContextToWinContext(&cursor, context);
+#if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)  || defined(_ARM64_) || defined(_ARM_)
+    if (st == 0 && CONTEXTGetPC(context) == curPc)
+    {
+        CONTEXTSetPC(context, 0);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (contextPointers != NULL)
+    {
+        GetContextPointers(&cursor, &unwContext, contextPointers);
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+#else
+#error don't know how to unwind on this platform
+#endif
+
+// These methods are only used on the AMD64 build
+#ifdef _AMD64_
+#ifdef HAVE_UNW_GET_ACCESSORS
+
+static struct LibunwindCallbacksInfoType
+{
+     CONTEXT *Context;
+     ReadMemoryWordCallback readMemCallback;
+} LibunwindCallbacksInfo;
+
+static int get_dyn_info_list_addr(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_word_t *dilap, void *arg)
+{
+    return -UNW_ENOINFO;
+}
+
+static int access_mem(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_word_t addr, unw_word_t *valp, int write, void *arg)
+{
+    if (write)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Memory write must never be called by libunwind during stackwalk");
+        return -UNW_EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    // access_mem sometimes gets called by _UPT_find_proc_info, in such cases arg has a pointer to libunwind internal data
+    // returned by _UPT_create. It makes it impossible to use arg for passing readMemCallback. That's why we have to use global variable.
+    if (LibunwindCallbacksInfo.readMemCallback((SIZE_T)addr, (SIZE_T *)valp))
+    {
+        return UNW_ESUCCESS;
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        return -UNW_EUNSPEC;
+    }
+}
+
+static int access_reg(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_regnum_t regnum, unw_word_t *valp, int write, void *arg)
+{
+    if (write)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Register write must never be called by libunwind during stackwalk");
+        return -UNW_EREADONLYREG;
+    }
+
+    CONTEXT *winContext = LibunwindCallbacksInfo.Context;
+
+    switch (regnum) 
+    {
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+        case UNW_REG_IP:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Rip; break;
+        case UNW_REG_SP:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Rsp; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_RBP:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Rbp; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_RBX:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Rbx; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_R12:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R12; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_R13:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R13; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_R14:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R14; break;
+        case UNW_X86_64_R15:   *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R15; break;
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+        case UNW_ARM_R13:      *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Sp; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R14:      *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Lr; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R15:      *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Pc; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R4:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R4; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R5:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R5; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R6:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R6; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R7:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R7; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R8:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R8; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R9:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R9; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R10:      *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R10; break;
+        case UNW_ARM_R11:      *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->R11; break;
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+        case UNW_REG_IP:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Pc; break;
+        case UNW_REG_SP:       *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Sp; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X29:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Fp; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X30:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->Lr; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X19:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X19; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X20:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X20; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X21:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X21; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X22:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X22; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X23:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X23; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X24:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X24; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X25:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X25; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X26:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X26; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X27:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X27; break;
+        case UNW_AARCH64_X28:  *valp = (unw_word_t) winContext->X28; break;
+#else
+#error unsupported architecture
+#endif
+        default:
+            ASSERT("Attempt to read an unknown register.");
+            return -UNW_EBADREG;
+    }
+    return UNW_ESUCCESS;
+}
+
+static int access_fpreg(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_regnum_t regnum, unw_fpreg_t *fpvalp, int write, void *arg)
+{
+    ASSERT("Not supposed to be ever called");
+    return -UNW_EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int resume(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_cursor_t *cp, void *arg)
+{
+    ASSERT("Not supposed to be ever called");
+    return -UNW_EINVAL;
+}
+
+static int get_proc_name(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_word_t addr, char *bufp, size_t buf_len, unw_word_t *offp, void *arg)
+{
+    ASSERT("Not supposed to be ever called");
+    return -UNW_EINVAL;  
+}
+
+int find_proc_info(unw_addr_space_t as, 
+                   unw_word_t ip, unw_proc_info_t *pip,
+                   int need_unwind_info, void *arg)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE
+    // UNIXTODO: libunwind RPM package on Fedora/CentOS/RedHat doesn't have libunwind-ptrace.so 
+    // and we can't use it from a shared library like libmscordaccore.so.
+    // That's why all calls to ptrace parts of libunwind ifdeffed out for now.
+    return _UPT_find_proc_info(as, ip, pip, need_unwind_info, arg);
+#else    
+    return -UNW_EINVAL;
+#endif    
+}
+
+void put_unwind_info(unw_addr_space_t as, unw_proc_info_t *pip, void *arg)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE    
+    return _UPT_put_unwind_info(as, pip, arg);
+#endif    
+}
+
+static unw_accessors_t unwind_accessors =
+{
+    .find_proc_info = find_proc_info,
+    .put_unwind_info = put_unwind_info,
+    .get_dyn_info_list_addr = get_dyn_info_list_addr,
+    .access_mem = access_mem,
+    .access_reg = access_reg,
+    .access_fpreg = access_fpreg,
+    .resume = resume,
+    .get_proc_name = get_proc_name
+};
+
+BOOL PAL_VirtualUnwindOutOfProc(CONTEXT *context, 
+                                KNONVOLATILE_CONTEXT_POINTERS *contextPointers, 
+                                DWORD pid, 
+                                ReadMemoryWordCallback readMemCallback)
+{
+    // This function can be executed only by one thread at a time. 
+    // The reason for this is that we need to pass context and read mem function to libunwind callbacks
+    // but "arg" is already used by the pointer returned from _UPT_create(). 
+    // So we resort to using global variables and a lock.
+    struct Lock 
+    {
+        CRITICAL_SECTION cs;
+        Lock()
+        {        
+            // ctor of a static variable is a thread-safe way to initialize critical section exactly once (clang,gcc)
+            InitializeCriticalSection(&cs);
+        }
+    };
+    struct LockHolder
+    {
+        CRITICAL_SECTION *cs;
+        LockHolder(CRITICAL_SECTION *cs)
+        {
+            this->cs = cs;
+            EnterCriticalSection(cs);
+        }
+
+        ~LockHolder()
+        {
+            LeaveCriticalSection(cs);
+            cs = NULL;
+        }
+    };    
+    static Lock lock;
+    LockHolder lockHolder(&lock.cs);
+
+    int st;
+    unw_cursor_t cursor;
+    unw_addr_space_t addrSpace = 0;
+    void *libunwindUptPtr = NULL;
+    BOOL result = FALSE;
+
+    LibunwindCallbacksInfo.Context = context;
+    LibunwindCallbacksInfo.readMemCallback = readMemCallback;
+
+    addrSpace = unw_create_addr_space(&unwind_accessors, 0);
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE    
+    libunwindUptPtr = _UPT_create(pid);
+#endif    
+    st = unw_init_remote(&cursor, addrSpace, libunwindUptPtr);
+    if (st < 0)
+    {
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto Exit;
+    }
+
+    st = unw_step(&cursor);
+    if (st < 0)
+    {
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto Exit;
+    }
+
+    UnwindContextToWinContext(&cursor, context);
+
+    if (contextPointers != NULL)
+    {
+        GetContextPointers(&cursor, NULL, contextPointers);
+    }
+    result = TRUE;
+
+Exit:
+#ifdef HAVE_LIBUNWIND_PTRACE
+    if (libunwindUptPtr != NULL) 
+    {
+        _UPT_destroy(libunwindUptPtr);
+    }
+#endif    
+    if (addrSpace != 0) 
+    {
+        unw_destroy_addr_space(addrSpace);
+    }    
+    return result;
+}
+#else // HAVE_UNW_GET_ACCESSORS
+
+BOOL PAL_VirtualUnwindOutOfProc(CONTEXT *context, 
+                                KNONVOLATILE_CONTEXT_POINTERS *contextPointers, 
+                                DWORD pid, 
+                                ReadMemoryWordCallback readMemCallback)
+{
+    //UNIXTODO: Implement for Mac flavor of libunwind
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+#endif // !HAVE_UNW_GET_ACCESSORS
+#endif // _AMD64_
+
+struct ExceptionRecords
+{
+    CONTEXT ContextRecord;
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD ExceptionRecord;
+};
+
+// Max number of fallback contexts that are used when malloc fails to allocate ExceptionRecords structure
+static const int MaxFallbackContexts = sizeof(size_t) * 8;
+// Array of fallback contexts
+static ExceptionRecords s_fallbackContexts[MaxFallbackContexts];
+// Bitmap used for allocating fallback contexts - bits set to 1 represent already allocated context.
+static volatile size_t s_allocatedContextsBitmap = 0;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    AllocateExceptionRecords
+
+    Allocate EXCEPTION_RECORD and CONTEXT structures for an exception.
+Parameters:
+    exceptionRecord - output pointer to the allocated exception record
+    contextRecord - output pointer to the allocated context record
+--*/
+VOID
+AllocateExceptionRecords(EXCEPTION_RECORD** exceptionRecord, CONTEXT** contextRecord)
+{
+    ExceptionRecords* records;
+    if (posix_memalign((void**)&records, alignof(ExceptionRecords), sizeof(ExceptionRecords)) != 0)
+    {
+        size_t bitmap;
+        size_t newBitmap;
+        int index;
+
+        do
+        {
+            bitmap = s_allocatedContextsBitmap;
+            index = __builtin_ffsl(~bitmap) - 1;
+            if (index < 0)
+            {
+                PROCAbort();
+            }
+
+            newBitmap = bitmap | ((size_t)1 << index);
+        }
+        while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(&s_allocatedContextsBitmap, bitmap, newBitmap) != bitmap);
+
+        records = &s_fallbackContexts[index];
+    }
+
+    *contextRecord = &records->ContextRecord;
+    *exceptionRecord = &records->ExceptionRecord;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_FreeExceptionRecords
+
+    Free EXCEPTION_RECORD and CONTEXT structures of an exception that were allocated by the
+    AllocateExceptionRecords.
+Parameters:
+    exceptionRecord - exception record
+    contextRecord - context record
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_FreeExceptionRecords(IN EXCEPTION_RECORD *exceptionRecord, IN CONTEXT *contextRecord)
+{
+    // Both records are allocated at once and the allocated memory starts at the contextRecord
+    ExceptionRecords* records = (ExceptionRecords*)contextRecord;
+    if ((records >= &s_fallbackContexts[0]) && (records < &s_fallbackContexts[MaxFallbackContexts]))
+    {
+        int index = records - &s_fallbackContexts[0];
+        __sync_fetch_and_and(&s_allocatedContextsBitmap, ~((size_t)1 << index));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        free(contextRecord);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    RtlpRaiseException
+
+Parameters:
+    ExceptionRecord - the Windows exception record to throw
+
+Note:
+    The name of this function and the name of the ExceptionRecord 
+    parameter is used in the sos lldb plugin code to read the exception
+    record. See coreclr\src\ToolBox\SOS\lldbplugin\services.cpp.
+
+    This function must not be inlined or optimized so the below PAL_VirtualUnwind
+    calls end up with RaiseException caller's context and so the above debugger 
+    code finds the function and ExceptionRecord parameter.
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN
+__attribute__((noinline))
+__attribute__((optnone))
+static void 
+RtlpRaiseException(EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord, CONTEXT *ContextRecord)
+{
+    throw PAL_SEHException(ExceptionRecord, ContextRecord);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  RaiseException
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+// no PAL_NORETURN, as callers must assume this can return for continuable exceptions.
+__attribute__((noinline))
+VOID
+PALAPI
+RaiseException(IN DWORD dwExceptionCode,
+               IN DWORD dwExceptionFlags,
+               IN DWORD nNumberOfArguments,
+               IN CONST ULONG_PTR *lpArguments)
+{
+    // PERF_ENTRY_ONLY is used here because RaiseException may or may not
+    // return. We can not get latency data without PERF_EXIT. For this reason,
+    // PERF_ENTRY_ONLY is used to profile frequency only.
+    PERF_ENTRY_ONLY(RaiseException);
+    ENTRY("RaiseException(dwCode=%#x, dwFlags=%#x, nArgs=%u, lpArguments=%p)\n",
+          dwExceptionCode, dwExceptionFlags, nNumberOfArguments, lpArguments);
+
+    /* Validate parameters */
+    if (dwExceptionCode & RESERVED_SEH_BIT)
+    {
+        WARN("Exception code %08x has bit 28 set; clearing it.\n", dwExceptionCode);
+        dwExceptionCode ^= RESERVED_SEH_BIT;
+    }
+
+    if (nNumberOfArguments > EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS)
+    {
+        WARN("Number of arguments (%d) exceeds the limit "
+            "EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS (%d); ignoring extra parameters.\n",
+            nNumberOfArguments, EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS);
+        nNumberOfArguments = EXCEPTION_MAXIMUM_PARAMETERS;
+    }
+
+    CONTEXT *contextRecord;
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *exceptionRecord;
+    AllocateExceptionRecords(&exceptionRecord, &contextRecord);
+
+    ZeroMemory(exceptionRecord, sizeof(EXCEPTION_RECORD));
+
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode = dwExceptionCode;
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionFlags = dwExceptionFlags;
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionRecord = NULL;
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress = NULL; // will be set by RtlpRaiseException
+    exceptionRecord->NumberParameters = nNumberOfArguments;
+    if (nNumberOfArguments)
+    {
+        CopyMemory(exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation, lpArguments,
+                   nNumberOfArguments * sizeof(ULONG_PTR));
+    }
+
+    // Capture the context of RaiseException.
+    ZeroMemory(contextRecord, sizeof(CONTEXT));
+    contextRecord->ContextFlags = CONTEXT_FULL;
+    CONTEXT_CaptureContext(contextRecord);
+
+    // We have to unwind one level to get the actual context user code could be resumed at.
+    PAL_VirtualUnwind(contextRecord, NULL);
+
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress = (void *)CONTEXTGetPC(contextRecord);
+
+    RtlpRaiseException(exceptionRecord, contextRecord);
+
+    LOGEXIT("RaiseException returns\n");
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/seh.cpp b/src/pal/src/exception/seh.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..38779bf59b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/seh.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    seh.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of exception API functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/handleapi.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "signal.hpp"
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "machexception.h"
+#else
+#include <signal.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+// Define the std::move so that we don't have to include the <utility> header
+// which on some platforms pulls in STL stuff that collides with PAL stuff.
+// The std::move is needed to enable using move constructor and assignment operator
+// for PAL_SEHException.
+namespace std
+{
+    template<typename T>
+    struct remove_reference
+    {
+        typedef T type;
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    struct remove_reference<T&>
+    {
+        typedef T type;
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    struct remove_reference<T&&>
+    {
+        typedef T type;
+    };
+
+    template<class T> inline
+    typename remove_reference<T>::type&& move(T&& arg)
+    {   // forward arg as movable
+        return ((typename remove_reference<T>::type&&)arg);
+    }
+}
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(EXCEPT);
+
+/* Constant and type definitions **********************************************/
+
+/* Bit 28 of exception codes is reserved. */
+const UINT RESERVED_SEH_BIT = 0x800000;
+
+/* Internal variables definitions **********************************************/
+
+PHARDWARE_EXCEPTION_HANDLER g_hardwareExceptionHandler = NULL;
+// Function to check if an activation can be safely injected at a specified context
+PHARDWARE_EXCEPTION_SAFETY_CHECK_FUNCTION g_safeExceptionCheckFunction = NULL;
+
+PGET_GCMARKER_EXCEPTION_CODE g_getGcMarkerExceptionCode = NULL;
+
+/* Internal function definitions **********************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHInitialize
+
+    Initialize all SEH-related stuff (signals, etc)
+
+Parameters :
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+    PAL initialize flags
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if SEH support initialization succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL 
+SEHInitialize (CPalThread *pthrCurrent, DWORD flags)
+{
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+    if (!SEHInitializeSignals(flags))
+    {
+        ERROR("SEHInitializeSignals failed!\n");
+        SEHCleanup();
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHCleanup
+
+    Undo work done by SEHInitialize
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+    (no return value)
+    
+--*/
+VOID 
+SEHCleanup()
+{
+    TRACE("Cleaning up SEH\n");
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+    SEHCleanupExceptionPort();
+#else
+    SEHCleanupSignals();
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_SetHardwareExceptionHandler
+
+    Register a hardware exception handler.
+
+Parameters:
+    handler - exception handler
+
+Return value:
+    None
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI 
+PAL_SetHardwareExceptionHandler(
+    IN PHARDWARE_EXCEPTION_HANDLER exceptionHandler,
+    IN PHARDWARE_EXCEPTION_SAFETY_CHECK_FUNCTION exceptionCheckFunction)
+{
+    g_hardwareExceptionHandler = exceptionHandler;
+    g_safeExceptionCheckFunction = exceptionCheckFunction;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_SetGetGcMarkerExceptionCode
+
+    Register a function that determines if the specified IP has code that is a GC marker for GCCover.
+
+Parameters:
+    getGcMarkerExceptionCode - the function to register
+
+Return value:
+    None
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI 
+PAL_SetGetGcMarkerExceptionCode(
+    IN PGET_GCMARKER_EXCEPTION_CODE getGcMarkerExceptionCode)
+{
+    g_getGcMarkerExceptionCode = getGcMarkerExceptionCode;
+}
+
+EXTERN_C void ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal(CONTEXT* context, PAL_SEHException* ex);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_ThrowExceptionFromContext
+
+    This function creates a stack frame right below the target frame, restores all callee
+    saved registers from the passed in context, sets the RSP to that frame and sets the
+    return address to the target frame's RIP.
+    Then it uses the ThrowExceptionHelper to throw the passed in exception from that context.
+
+Parameters:
+    CONTEXT* context - context from which the exception will be thrown
+    PAL_SEHException* ex - the exception to throw.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI 
+PAL_ThrowExceptionFromContext(CONTEXT* context, PAL_SEHException* ex)
+{
+    // We need to make a copy of the exception off stack, since the "ex" is located in one of the stack
+    // frames that will become obsolete by the ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal and the ThrowExceptionHelper
+    // could overwrite the "ex" object by stack e.g. when allocating the low level exception object for "throw".
+    static __thread BYTE threadLocalExceptionStorage[sizeof(PAL_SEHException)];
+    ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal(context, new (threadLocalExceptionStorage) PAL_SEHException(std::move(*ex)));
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ThrowExceptionHelper
+
+    Helper function to throw the passed in exception.
+    It is called from the assembler function ThrowExceptionFromContextInternal
+
+Parameters:
+    PAL_SEHException* ex - the exception to throw.
+--*/
+extern "C"
+void ThrowExceptionHelper(PAL_SEHException* ex)
+{
+    throw std::move(*ex);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    SEHProcessException
+
+    Send the PAL exception to any handler registered.
+
+Parameters:
+    PAL_SEHException* exception
+
+Return value:
+    Returns TRUE if the exception happened in managed code and the execution should 
+    continue (with possibly modified context).
+    Returns FALSE if the exception happened in managed code and it was not handled.
+    In case the exception was handled by calling a catch handler, it doesn't return at all.
+--*/
+BOOL
+SEHProcessException(PAL_SEHException* exception)
+{
+    CONTEXT* contextRecord = exception->GetContextRecord();
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD* exceptionRecord = exception->GetExceptionRecord();
+
+    if (!IsInDebugBreak(exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress))
+    {
+        if (g_hardwareExceptionHandler != NULL)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(g_safeExceptionCheckFunction != NULL);
+            // Check if it is safe to handle the hardware exception (the exception happened in managed code
+            // or in a jitter helper or it is a debugger breakpoint)
+            if (g_safeExceptionCheckFunction(contextRecord, exceptionRecord))
+            {
+                if (exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode == EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION)
+                {
+                    // Check if the failed access has hit a stack guard page. In such case, it
+                    // was a stack probe that detected that there is not enough stack left.
+                    void* stackLimit = CPalThread::GetStackLimit();
+                    void* stackGuard = (void*)((size_t)stackLimit - getpagesize());
+                    void* violationAddr = (void*)exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[1];
+                    if ((violationAddr >= stackGuard) && (violationAddr < stackLimit))
+                    {
+                        // The exception happened in the page right below the stack limit,
+                        // so it is a stack overflow
+                        write(STDERR_FILENO, StackOverflowMessage, sizeof(StackOverflowMessage) - 1);
+                        PROCAbort();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (g_hardwareExceptionHandler(exception))
+                {
+                    // The exception happened in managed code and the execution should continue.
+                    return TRUE;
+                }
+
+                // The exception was a single step or a breakpoint and it was not handled by the debugger.
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (CatchHardwareExceptionHolder::IsEnabled())
+        {
+            PAL_ThrowExceptionFromContext(exception->GetContextRecord(), exception);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Unhandled hardware exception pointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode at pointers->ExceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHEnable
+
+    Enable SEH-related stuff on this thread
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if enabling succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+extern "C"
+PAL_ERROR SEHEnable(CPalThread *pthrCurrent)
+{
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+    return pthrCurrent->EnableMachExceptions();
+#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+    // TODO: This needs to be implemented. Cannot put an ASSERT here
+    // because it will make other parts of PAL fail.
+    return NO_ERROR;
+#else// HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#error not yet implemented
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHDisable
+
+    Disable SEH-related stuff on this thread
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if enabling succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+extern "C"
+PAL_ERROR SEHDisable(CPalThread *pthrCurrent)
+{
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+    return pthrCurrent->DisableMachExceptions();
+    // TODO: This needs to be implemented. Cannot put an ASSERT here
+    // because it will make other parts of PAL fail.
+#elif defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__)
+    return NO_ERROR;
+#else // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#error not yet implemented
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+}
+
+/*++
+
+  CatchHardwareExceptionHolder implementation
+
+--*/
+
+CatchHardwareExceptionHolder::CatchHardwareExceptionHolder()
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    ++pThread->m_hardwareExceptionHolderCount;
+}
+
+CatchHardwareExceptionHolder::~CatchHardwareExceptionHolder()
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    --pThread->m_hardwareExceptionHolderCount;
+}
+
+bool CatchHardwareExceptionHolder::IsEnabled()
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    return pThread->IsHardwareExceptionsEnabled();
+}
+
+/*++
+
+  NativeExceptionHolderBase implementation
+
+--*/
+
+#ifdef __llvm__
+__thread 
+#else // __llvm__
+__declspec(thread)
+#endif // !__llvm__
+static NativeExceptionHolderBase *t_nativeExceptionHolderHead = nullptr;
+
+NativeExceptionHolderBase::NativeExceptionHolderBase()
+{
+    m_head = nullptr;
+    m_next = nullptr;
+}
+
+NativeExceptionHolderBase::~NativeExceptionHolderBase()
+{
+    // Only destroy if Push was called
+    if (m_head != nullptr)
+    {
+        *m_head = m_next;
+        m_head = nullptr;
+        m_next = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void 
+NativeExceptionHolderBase::Push()
+{
+    NativeExceptionHolderBase **head = &t_nativeExceptionHolderHead;
+    m_head = head;
+    m_next = *head;
+    *head = this;
+}
+
+NativeExceptionHolderBase *
+NativeExceptionHolderBase::FindNextHolder(NativeExceptionHolderBase *currentHolder, void *stackLowAddress, void *stackHighAddress)
+{
+    NativeExceptionHolderBase *holder = (currentHolder == nullptr) ? t_nativeExceptionHolderHead : currentHolder->m_next;
+
+    while (holder != nullptr)
+    {
+        if (((void *)holder >= stackLowAddress) && ((void *)holder < stackHighAddress))
+        { 
+            return holder;
+        }
+        // Get next holder
+        holder = holder->m_next;
+    }
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#include "seh-unwind.cpp"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/signal.cpp b/src/pal/src/exception/signal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c2c217993a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/signal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,705 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    exception/signal.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Signal handler implementation (map signals to exceptions)
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(EXCEPT); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/handleapi.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadinfo.hpp"
+#include "pal/threadsusp.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/ucontext.h>
+#include <sys/utsname.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "pal/context.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+#ifdef SIGRTMIN
+#define INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL SIGRTMIN
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL) && defined(FEATURE_HIJACK)
+#error FEATURE_HIJACK requires INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL to be defined
+#endif
+
+/* local type definitions *****************************************************/
+
+#if !HAVE_SIGINFO_T
+/* This allows us to compile on platforms that don't have siginfo_t.
+ * Exceptions will work poorly on those platforms. */
+#warning Exceptions will work poorly on this platform
+typedef void *siginfo_t;
+#endif  /* !HAVE_SIGINFO_T */
+typedef void (*SIGFUNC)(int, siginfo_t *, void *);
+
+/* internal function declarations *********************************************/
+
+static void sigill_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigfpe_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigsegv_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigtrap_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigbus_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigint_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigquit_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+static void sigterm_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+
+static bool common_signal_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *sigcontext, int numParams, ...);
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+static void inject_activation_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context);
+#endif
+
+static void handle_signal(int signal_id, SIGFUNC sigfunc, struct sigaction *previousAction);
+static void restore_signal(int signal_id, struct sigaction *previousAction);
+
+/* internal data declarations *********************************************/
+
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigill;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigtrap;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigfpe;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigbus;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigsegv;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigint;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigquit;
+struct sigaction g_previous_sigterm;
+
+static bool registered_sigterm_handler = false;
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+struct sigaction g_previous_activation;
+#endif
+
+/* public function definitions ************************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHInitializeSignals
+
+    Set up signal handlers to catch signals and translate them to exceptions
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+Return :
+    TRUE in case of a success, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHInitializeSignals(DWORD flags)
+{
+    TRACE("Initializing signal handlers\n");
+
+    /* we call handle_signal for every possible signal, even
+       if we don't provide a signal handler.
+
+       handle_signal will set SA_RESTART flag for specified signal.
+       Therefore, all signals will have SA_RESTART flag set, preventing
+       slow Unix system calls from being interrupted. On systems without
+       siginfo_t, SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can't be restarted, so we don't
+       handle those signals. Both the Darwin and FreeBSD man pages say
+       that SIGKILL and SIGSTOP can't be handled, but FreeBSD allows us
+       to register a handler for them anyway. We don't do that.
+
+       see sigaction man page for more details
+       */
+    handle_signal(SIGILL, sigill_handler, &g_previous_sigill);
+    handle_signal(SIGTRAP, sigtrap_handler, &g_previous_sigtrap);
+    handle_signal(SIGFPE, sigfpe_handler, &g_previous_sigfpe);
+    handle_signal(SIGBUS, sigbus_handler, &g_previous_sigbus);
+    handle_signal(SIGSEGV, sigsegv_handler, &g_previous_sigsegv);
+    handle_signal(SIGINT, sigint_handler, &g_previous_sigint);
+    handle_signal(SIGQUIT, sigquit_handler, &g_previous_sigquit);
+
+    if (flags & PAL_INITIALIZE_REGISTER_SIGTERM_HANDLER)
+    {
+        handle_signal(SIGTERM, sigterm_handler, &g_previous_sigterm);
+        registered_sigterm_handler = true;
+    }
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+    handle_signal(INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL, inject_activation_handler, &g_previous_activation);
+#endif
+
+    /* The default action for SIGPIPE is process termination.
+       Since SIGPIPE can be signaled when trying to write on a socket for which
+       the connection has been dropped, we need to tell the system we want
+       to ignore this signal.
+
+       Instead of terminating the process, the system call which would had
+       issued a SIGPIPE will, instead, report an error and set errno to EPIPE.
+    */
+    signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHCleanupSignals
+
+    Restore default signal handlers
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+    (no return value)
+    
+note :
+reason for this function is that during PAL_Terminate, we reach a point where 
+SEH isn't possible anymore (handle manager is off, etc). Past that point, 
+we can't avoid crashing on a signal.
+--*/
+void SEHCleanupSignals()
+{
+    TRACE("Restoring default signal handlers\n");
+
+    restore_signal(SIGILL, &g_previous_sigill);
+    restore_signal(SIGTRAP, &g_previous_sigtrap);
+    restore_signal(SIGFPE, &g_previous_sigfpe);
+    restore_signal(SIGBUS, &g_previous_sigbus);
+    restore_signal(SIGSEGV, &g_previous_sigsegv);
+    restore_signal(SIGINT, &g_previous_sigint);
+    restore_signal(SIGQUIT, &g_previous_sigquit);
+
+    if (registered_sigterm_handler)
+    {
+        restore_signal(SIGTERM, &g_previous_sigterm);
+    }
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+    restore_signal(INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL, &g_previous_activation);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* internal function definitions **********************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigill_handler
+
+    handle SIGILL signal (EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION, others?)
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigill_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        if (common_signal_handler(code, siginfo, context, 0))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_previous_sigill.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_sigill.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Restore the original or default handler and restart h/w exception
+        restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigill);
+    }
+
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigfpe_handler
+
+    handle SIGFPE signal (division by zero, floating point exception)
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigfpe_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        if (common_signal_handler(code, siginfo, context, 0))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_previous_sigfpe.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_sigfpe.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Restore the original or default handler and restart h/w exception
+        restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigfpe);
+    }
+
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigsegv_handler
+
+    handle SIGSEGV signal (EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION, others)
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigsegv_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        // TODO: First variable parameter says whether a read (0) or write (non-0) caused the
+        // fault. We must disassemble the instruction at record.ExceptionAddress
+        // to correctly fill in this value.
+        if (common_signal_handler(code, siginfo, context, 2, (size_t)0, (size_t)siginfo->si_addr))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_previous_sigsegv.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_sigsegv.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Restore the original or default handler and restart h/w exception
+        restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigsegv);
+    }
+
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigtrap_handler
+
+    handle SIGTRAP signal (EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP, EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT)
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigtrap_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        if (common_signal_handler(code, siginfo, context, 0))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_previous_sigtrap.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_sigtrap.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // We abort instead of restore the original or default handler and returning
+        // because returning from a SIGTRAP handler continues execution past the trap.
+        PROCAbort();
+    }
+
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigbus_handler
+
+    handle SIGBUS signal (EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION?)
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigbus_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        // TODO: First variable parameter says whether a read (0) or write (non-0) caused the
+        // fault. We must disassemble the instruction at record.ExceptionAddress
+        // to correctly fill in this value.
+        if (common_signal_handler(code, siginfo, context, 2, (size_t)0, (size_t)siginfo->si_addr))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g_previous_sigbus.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_sigbus.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Restore the original or default handler and restart h/w exception
+        restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigbus);
+    }
+
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigint_handler
+
+    handle SIGINT signal
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigint_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+
+    // Restore the original or default handler and resend signal
+    restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigint);
+    kill(gPID, code);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigquit_handler
+
+    handle SIGQUIT signal
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigquit_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+
+    // Restore the original or default handler and resend signal
+    restore_signal(code, &g_previous_sigquit);
+    kill(gPID, code);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    sigterm_handler
+
+    handle SIGTERM signal
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+static void sigterm_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    if (PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        // g_pSynchronizationManager shouldn't be null if PAL is initialized.
+        _ASSERTE(g_pSynchronizationManager != nullptr);
+
+        g_pSynchronizationManager->SendTerminationRequestToWorkerThread();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (g_previous_sigterm.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+        {
+            g_previous_sigterm.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+/*++
+Function :
+    inject_activation_handler
+
+    Handle the INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL signal. This signal interrupts a running thread
+    so it can call the activation function that was specified when sending the signal.
+
+Parameters :
+    POSIX signal handler parameter list ("man sigaction" for details)
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+static void inject_activation_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *context)
+{
+    // Only accept activations from the current process
+    if (g_activationFunction != NULL && siginfo->si_pid == getpid())
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(g_safeActivationCheckFunction != NULL);
+
+        native_context_t *ucontext = (native_context_t *)context;
+
+        CONTEXT winContext;
+        CONTEXTFromNativeContext(
+            ucontext, 
+            &winContext, 
+            CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT);
+
+        if (g_safeActivationCheckFunction(CONTEXTGetPC(&winContext), /* checkingCurrentThread */ TRUE))
+        {
+            g_activationFunction(&winContext);
+            // Activation function may have modified the context, so update it.
+            CONTEXTToNativeContext(&winContext, ucontext);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (g_previous_activation.sa_sigaction != NULL)
+    {
+        g_previous_activation.sa_sigaction(code, siginfo, context);
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    InjectActivationInternal
+
+    Interrupt the specified thread and have it call the activationFunction passed in
+
+Parameters :
+    pThread            - target PAL thread
+    activationFunction - function to call 
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR InjectActivationInternal(CorUnix::CPalThread* pThread)
+{
+#ifdef INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL
+    int status = pthread_kill(pThread->GetPThreadSelf(), INJECT_ACTIVATION_SIGNAL);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        // Failure to send the signal is fatal. There are only two cases when sending
+        // the signal can fail. First, if the signal ID is invalid and second, 
+        // if the thread doesn't exist anymore.
+        PROCAbort();
+    }
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+#else
+    return ERROR_CANCELLED;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHSetSafeState
+
+    specify whether the current thread is in a state where exception handling 
+    of signals can be done safely
+
+Parameters:
+    BOOL state : TRUE if the thread is safe, FALSE otherwise
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void SEHSetSafeState(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, BOOL state)
+{
+    if (NULL == pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unable to get the thread object.\n" );
+        return;
+    }
+    pthrCurrent->sehInfo.safe_state = state;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHGetSafeState
+
+    determine whether the current thread is in a state where exception handling 
+    of signals can be done safely
+
+    (no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if the thread is in a safe state, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHGetSafeState(CPalThread *pthrCurrent)
+{
+    if (NULL == pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unable to get the thread object.\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    return pthrCurrent->sehInfo.safe_state;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    common_signal_handler
+
+    common code for all signal handlers
+
+Parameters :
+    int code : signal received
+    siginfo_t *siginfo : siginfo passed to the signal handler
+    void *context : context structure passed to the signal handler
+    int numParams : number of variable parameters of the exception
+    ... : variable parameters of the exception (each of size_t type)
+
+    Returns true if the execution should continue or false if the exception was unhandled
+Note:
+    the "pointers" parameter should contain a valid exception record pointer,
+    but the ContextRecord pointer will be overwritten.
+--*/
+static bool common_signal_handler(int code, siginfo_t *siginfo, void *sigcontext, int numParams, ...)
+{
+    sigset_t signal_set;
+    CONTEXT *contextRecord;
+    EXCEPTION_RECORD *exceptionRecord;
+    native_context_t *ucontext;
+
+    ucontext = (native_context_t *)sigcontext;
+
+    AllocateExceptionRecords(&exceptionRecord, &contextRecord);
+
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionCode = CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal(siginfo, ucontext);
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionFlags = EXCEPTION_IS_SIGNAL;
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionRecord = NULL;
+    exceptionRecord->ExceptionAddress = GetNativeContextPC(ucontext);
+    exceptionRecord->NumberParameters = numParams;
+
+    va_list params;
+    va_start(params, numParams);
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < numParams; i++)
+    {
+        exceptionRecord->ExceptionInformation[i] = va_arg(params, size_t);
+    }
+
+    // Pre-populate context with data from current frame, because ucontext doesn't have some data (e.g. SS register)
+    // which is required for restoring context
+    RtlCaptureContext(contextRecord);
+
+    ULONG contextFlags = CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT;
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    contextFlags |= CONTEXT_XSTATE;
+#endif
+
+    // Fill context record with required information. from pal.h:
+    // On non-Win32 platforms, the CONTEXT pointer in the
+    // PEXCEPTION_POINTERS will contain at least the CONTEXT_CONTROL registers.
+    CONTEXTFromNativeContext(ucontext, contextRecord, contextFlags);
+
+    /* Unmask signal so we can receive it again */
+    sigemptyset(&signal_set);
+    sigaddset(&signal_set, code);
+    int sigmaskRet = pthread_sigmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, &signal_set, NULL);
+    if (sigmaskRet != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_sigmask failed; error number is %d\n", sigmaskRet);
+    }
+
+    contextRecord->ContextFlags |= CONTEXT_EXCEPTION_ACTIVE;
+    // The exception object takes ownership of the exceptionRecord and contextRecord
+    PAL_SEHException exception(exceptionRecord, contextRecord);
+
+    if (SEHProcessException(&exception))
+    {
+        // Exception handling may have modified the context, so update it.
+        CONTEXTToNativeContext(contextRecord, ucontext);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    handle_signal
+
+    register handler for specified signal
+
+Parameters :
+    int signal_id : signal to handle
+    SIGFUNC sigfunc : signal handler
+    previousAction : previous sigaction struct
+
+    (no return value)
+    
+note : if sigfunc is NULL, the default signal handler is restored    
+--*/
+void handle_signal(int signal_id, SIGFUNC sigfunc, struct sigaction *previousAction)
+{
+    struct sigaction newAction;
+
+    newAction.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
+#if HAVE_SIGINFO_T
+    newAction.sa_handler = NULL;
+    newAction.sa_sigaction = sigfunc;
+    newAction.sa_flags |= SA_SIGINFO;
+#else   /* HAVE_SIGINFO_T */
+    newAction.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+#endif  /* HAVE_SIGINFO_T */
+    sigemptyset(&newAction.sa_mask);
+
+    if (-1 == sigaction(signal_id, &newAction, previousAction))
+    {
+        ASSERT("handle_signal: sigaction() call failed with error code %d (%s)\n",
+            errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    restore_signal
+
+    restore handler for specified signal
+
+Parameters :
+    int signal_id : signal to handle
+    previousAction : previous sigaction struct to restore
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+void restore_signal(int signal_id, struct sigaction *previousAction)
+{
+    if (-1 == sigaction(signal_id, previousAction, NULL))
+    {
+        ASSERT("restore_signal: sigaction() call failed with error code %d (%s)\n",
+            errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/exception/signal.hpp b/src/pal/src/exception/signal.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c0c950ed4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/exception/signal.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    exception/signal.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Private signal handling utilities for SEH
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SIGNAL_HPP_
+#define _PAL_SIGNAL_HPP_
+
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHInitializeSignals
+
+    Set-up signal handlers to catch signals and translate them to exceptions
+
+Parameters :
+    flags: PAL initialization flags
+
+Return :
+    TRUE in case of a success, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHInitializeSignals(DWORD flags);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHCleanupSignals
+
+    Restore default signal handlers
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void SEHCleanupSignals();
+
+#if (__GNUC__ > 3 ||                                            \
+     (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ > 2))
+// For gcc > 3.2, sjlj exceptions semantics are no longer available
+// Therefore we need to hijack out of signal handlers before second pass
+#define HIJACK_ON_SIGNAL 1
+#endif
+
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#endif /* _PAL_SIGNAL_HPP_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/directory.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/directory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8e54f94d69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/directory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    directory.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the file WIN API for the PAL
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateDirectoryW
+
+Note:
+  lpSecurityAttributes always NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CreateDirectoryW(
+         IN LPCWSTR lpPathName,
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes)
+{
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    int   mb_size;
+    char  *mb_dir = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateDirectoryW);
+    ENTRY("CreateDirectoryW(lpPathName=%p (%S), lpSecurityAttr=%p)\n",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpSecurityAttributes);
+
+    if ( lpSecurityAttributes )
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpSecurityAttributes is not NULL as it should be\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* translate the wide char lpPathName string to multibyte string */
+    if(0 == (mb_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPathName, -1, NULL, 0,
+                                            NULL, NULL )))
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", GetLastError());
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (((mb_dir = (char *)PAL_malloc(mb_size)) == NULL) ||
+        (WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPathName, -1, mb_dir, mb_size, NULL,
+                              NULL) != mb_size))
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte or PAL_malloc failure! LastError:%d errno:%d\n",
+              GetLastError(), errno);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    bRet = CreateDirectoryA(mb_dir,NULL);
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+    if (mb_dir != NULL)
+    {
+        PAL_free(mb_dir);
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("CreateDirectoryW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateDirectoryW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Routine Name:
+
+    RemoveDirectoryHelper
+
+Routine Description:
+
+    Core function which removes a directory. Called by RemoveDirectory[AW]
+
+Parameters:
+
+    LPSTR lpPathName - [in/out]
+        The directory name to remove. It is converted in place to a unix path.
+
+Return Value:
+
+    BOOL - 
+        TRUE <=> successful
+
+--*/
+
+static
+BOOL
+RemoveDirectoryHelper (
+    PathCharString& lpPathName,
+    LPDWORD dwLastError
+)
+{
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    *dwLastError = 0; 
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( lpPathName );
+
+    if ( rmdir(lpPathName) != 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE("Removal of directory [%s] was unsuccessful, errno = %d.\n",
+              lpPathName.GetString(), errno);
+
+        switch( errno )
+        {
+        case ENOTDIR:
+            /* FALL THROUGH */
+        case ENOENT:
+        {
+            struct stat stat_data;
+            
+            if ( stat( lpPathName, &stat_data) == 0 && 
+                 (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG )
+            {
+                /* Not a directory, it is a file. */
+                *dwLastError = ERROR_DIRECTORY;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                FILEGetProperNotFoundError( lpPathName, dwLastError );
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ENOTEMPTY:
+            *dwLastError = ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY;
+            break;
+        default:
+            *dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        TRACE("Removal of directory [%s] was successful.\n", lpPathName.GetString());
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  RemoveDirectoryA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+RemoveDirectoryA(
+         IN LPCSTR lpPathName)
+{
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    PathCharString mb_dirPathString;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(RemoveDirectoryA);
+    ENTRY("RemoveDirectoryA(lpPathName=%p (%s))\n",
+          lpPathName,
+          lpPathName);
+
+    if (lpPathName == NULL) 
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (!mb_dirPathString.Set(lpPathName, strlen(lpPathName)))
+    {
+        WARN("Set failed !\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    bRet = RemoveDirectoryHelper (mb_dirPathString, &dwLastError);
+
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("RemoveDirectoryA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(RemoveDirectoryA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  RemoveDirectoryW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+RemoveDirectoryW(
+         IN LPCWSTR lpPathName)
+{
+    PathCharString mb_dirPathString;
+    int   mb_size;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    size_t length;
+    char * mb_dir = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(RemoveDirectoryW);
+    ENTRY("RemoveDirectoryW(lpPathName=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (lpPathName == NULL) 
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpPathName)+1) * 3;
+    mb_dir = mb_dirPathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == mb_dir)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;        
+    }
+
+    mb_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPathName, -1, mb_dir, length,
+                                   NULL, NULL );
+
+    if( mb_size == 0 )
+    {
+        mb_dirPathString.CloseBuffer(0);
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    mb_dirPathString.CloseBuffer(mb_size - 1);
+
+    if ((bRet = RemoveDirectoryHelper (mb_dirPathString, &dwLastError)))
+    {
+        TRACE("Removal of directory [%s] was successful.\n", mb_dir);
+    }
+
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("RemoveDirectoryW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(RemoveDirectoryW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentDirectoryA
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+GetCurrentDirectoryA(PathCharString& lpBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD dwDirLen = 0;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    char  *current_dir;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentDirectoryA);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentDirectoryA(lpBuffer=%p)\n", lpBuffer.GetString());
+
+    current_dir = lpBuffer.OpenStringBuffer(MAX_PATH);
+    /* NULL first arg means getcwd will allocate the string */
+    current_dir = PAL__getcwd( current_dir, MAX_PATH);
+
+    if (current_dir != NULL )
+    {
+        dwDirLen = strlen( current_dir );
+        lpBuffer.CloseBuffer(dwDirLen);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else if ( errno == ERANGE )
+    {
+        lpBuffer.CloseBuffer(0);
+        current_dir = PAL__getcwd( NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+    if ( !current_dir )
+    {
+        WARN("Getcwd failed with errno=%d [%s]\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        dwLastError = DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        dwDirLen = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    dwDirLen = strlen( current_dir );
+    lpBuffer.Set(current_dir, dwDirLen);
+    PAL_free(current_dir);
+done:
+
+    if ( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentDirectoryA returns DWORD %u\n", dwDirLen);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentDirectoryA);
+    return dwDirLen;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentDirectoryA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentDirectoryA(
+             IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+             OUT LPSTR lpBuffer)
+{
+
+    PathCharString lpBufferString;
+    DWORD dwDirLen = GetCurrentDirectoryA(lpBufferString);
+
+    /* if the supplied buffer isn't long enough, return the required
+       length, including room for the NULL terminator */
+    if ( nBufferLength <= dwDirLen )
+    {
+        ++dwDirLen; /* include space for the NULL */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        strcpy_s( lpBuffer, nBufferLength, lpBufferString );
+    }
+
+    return dwDirLen;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentDirectoryW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentDirectoryW(
+             IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+             OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD dwWideLen = 0;
+    DWORD dwLastError = ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME;
+    int   dir_len;
+    PathCharString  current_dir;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentDirectoryW);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentDirectoryW(nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p)\n",
+          nBufferLength, lpBuffer);
+
+
+    dir_len = GetCurrentDirectoryA(current_dir);
+
+    if( dir_len == 0)
+    {
+        dwLastError = DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    dwWideLen = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0,
+                 current_dir, dir_len,
+                 NULL, 0 );
+
+    /* if the supplied buffer isn't long enough, return the required
+       length, including room for the NULL terminator */
+    if ( nBufferLength > dwWideLen )
+    {
+        if(!MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, current_dir, dir_len + 1,
+                     lpBuffer, nBufferLength ))
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure!\n");
+            dwWideLen = 0;
+            dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ++dwWideLen; /* include the  space for the NULL */
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    if ( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentDirectoryW returns DWORD %u\n", dwWideLen);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentDirectoryW);
+    return dwWideLen;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetCurrentDirectoryW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetCurrentDirectoryW(
+            IN LPCWSTR lpPathName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    PathCharString dirPathString;
+    int  size;
+    size_t length;
+    char * dir = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetCurrentDirectoryW);
+    ENTRY("SetCurrentDirectoryW(lpPathName=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+   /*check if the given path is null. If so
+     return FALSE*/
+    if (lpPathName == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid path/directory name\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+        bRet = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpPathName)+1) * 3;
+    dir = dirPathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == dir)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        bRet = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPathName, -1, dir, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        dirPathString.CloseBuffer(0);
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        bRet = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    dirPathString.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+    bRet = SetCurrentDirectoryA(dir);
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetCurrentDirectoryW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetCurrentDirectoryW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateDirectoryA
+
+Note:
+  lpSecurityAttributes always NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CreateDirectoryA(
+         IN LPCSTR lpPathName,
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes)
+{
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    PathCharString realPath;
+    char* realPathBuf;
+    LPSTR unixPathName = NULL;
+    int pathLength;
+    int i;
+    const int mode = S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateDirectoryA);
+    ENTRY("CreateDirectoryA(lpPathName=%p (%s), lpSecurityAttr=%p)\n",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL", lpSecurityAttributes);
+
+    if ( lpSecurityAttributes )
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpSecurityAttributes is not NULL as it should be\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    // Windows returns ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND when called with NULL.
+    // If we don't have this check, strdup(NULL) segfaults.
+    if (lpPathName == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("CreateDirectoryA called with NULL pathname!\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    unixPathName = PAL__strdup(lpPathName);
+    if (unixPathName == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL__strdup() failed\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( unixPathName );
+    // Remove any trailing slashes at the end because mkdir might not
+    // handle them appropriately on all platforms.
+    pathLength = strlen(unixPathName);
+    i = pathLength;
+    while(i > 1)
+    {
+        if(unixPathName[i - 1] =='/')
+        {
+            unixPathName[i - 1]='\0';
+            i--;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Get an absolute path.
+    if (unixPathName[0] == '/')
+    {
+        realPathBuf = unixPathName;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+
+        DWORD len = GetCurrentDirectoryA(realPath);
+        if (len == 0 || !realPath.Reserve(realPath.GetCount() + pathLength + 1 ))
+        {
+            dwLastError = DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+            WARN("Getcwd failed with errno=%d \n", dwLastError);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        realPath.Append("/", 1);
+        realPath.Append(unixPathName, pathLength);
+        realPathBuf = realPath.OpenStringBuffer(realPath.GetCount());
+    }
+   
+    // Canonicalize the path so we can determine its length.
+    FILECanonicalizePath(realPathBuf);
+
+    if ( mkdir(realPathBuf, mode) != 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE("Creation of directory [%s] was unsuccessful, errno = %d.\n",
+              unixPathName, errno);
+
+        switch( errno )
+        {
+        case ENOTDIR:
+            /* FALL THROUGH */
+        case ENOENT:
+            FILEGetProperNotFoundError( realPathBuf, &dwLastError );
+            goto done;
+        case EEXIST:
+            dwLastError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+            break;
+        default:
+            dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("Creation of directory [%s] was successful.\n", unixPathName);
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    realPath.CloseBuffer(0); //The PathCharString usage is done
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+    PAL_free( unixPathName );
+    LOGEXIT("CreateDirectoryA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateDirectoryA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetCurrentDirectoryA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetCurrentDirectoryA(
+            IN LPCSTR lpPathName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    int result;
+    LPSTR unixPathName = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetCurrentDirectoryA);
+    ENTRY("SetCurrentDirectoryA(lpPathName=%p (%s))\n",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL",
+          lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL");
+
+   /*check if the given path is null. If so
+     return FALSE*/
+    if (lpPathName == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid path/directory name\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    unixPathName = PAL__strdup(lpPathName);
+    if (unixPathName == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("PAL__strdup() failed\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( unixPathName );
+
+    TRACE("Attempting to open Unix dir [%s]\n", unixPathName);
+    result = chdir(unixPathName);
+
+    if ( result == 0 )
+    {
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if ( errno == ENOTDIR || errno == ENOENT )
+        {
+            struct stat stat_data;
+
+            if ( stat( unixPathName, &stat_data) == 0 &&
+                 (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG )
+            {
+                /* Not a directory, it is a file. */
+                dwLastError = ERROR_DIRECTORY;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                FILEGetProperNotFoundError( unixPathName, &dwLastError );
+            }
+            TRACE("chdir() failed, path was invalid.\n");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+            ERROR("chdir() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+
+done:
+    if( dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    if(unixPathName != NULL)
+    {
+        PAL_free( unixPathName );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetCurrentDirectoryA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetCurrentDirectoryA);
+    return bRet;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/disk.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/disk.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef1d488b28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/disk.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    disk.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the disk information functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#if !defined(_AIX)
+// do we actually need this on other platforms. We don't seem to be using anything from there
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#if HAVE_STATVFS
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/statvfs.h>
+#define statfs  statvfs
+#if STATVFS64_PROTOTYPE_BROKEN
+typedef statvfs_t pal_statfs;
+#else // STATVFS64_PROTOTYPE_BROKEN
+typedef struct statvfs pal_statfs;
+#endif // STATVFS64_PROTOTYPE_BROKEN
+#else // HAVE_STATVFS
+typedef struct statfs pal_statfs;
+#endif  // HAVE_STATVFS
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+/*++
+
+Function:
+
+    GetDiskFreeSpaceW
+    
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetDiskFreeSpaceW(
+          LPCWSTR lpDirectoryName,
+          LPDWORD lpSectorsPerCluster,
+          LPDWORD lpBytesPerSector,
+          LPDWORD lpNumberOfFreeClusters,  /* Caller will ignore output value */
+          LPDWORD lpTotalNumberOfClusters) /* Caller will ignore output value */
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+    pal_statfs fsInfoBuffer;
+    INT  statfsRetVal = 0;
+    DWORD dwLastError = NO_ERROR;
+    PathCharString dirNameBufferPathString;
+    size_t length;
+    char * dirNameBuffer;
+    int size;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetDiskFreeSpaceW);
+    ENTRY( "GetDiskFreeSpaceW( lpDirectoryName=%p (%S), lpSectorsPerCluster=%p,"
+           "lpBytesPerSector=%p, lpNumberOfFreeClusters=%p, "
+           "lpTotalNumberOfClusters=%p )\n", lpDirectoryName ? lpDirectoryName :
+            W16_NULLSTRING, lpDirectoryName ? lpDirectoryName :
+            W16_NULLSTRING, lpSectorsPerCluster, lpBytesPerSector, 
+            lpNumberOfFreeClusters, lpTotalNumberOfClusters );
+
+    /* Sanity checks. */
+    if ( !lpSectorsPerCluster )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpSectorsPerCluster cannot be NULL!\n" );
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if ( !lpBytesPerSector )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpBytesPerSector cannot be NULL!\n" );
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    if ( lpNumberOfFreeClusters || lpTotalNumberOfClusters )
+    {
+        TRACE("GetDiskFreeSpaceW is ignoring lpNumberOfFreeClusters"
+              " and lpTotalNumberOfClusters\n" );
+    }
+    if ( lpDirectoryName && PAL_wcslen( lpDirectoryName ) == 0 )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpDirectoryName is empty.\n" );
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* Fusion uses this API to round file sizes up to their actual size
+       on-disk based on the BytesPerSector * SectorsPerCluster.
+       The intent is to avoid computing the sum of all file sizes in the
+       cache just in bytes and not account for the cluster-sized slop, when
+       determining if the cache is too large or not. */
+
+    if ( lpDirectoryName )
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpDirectoryName)+1) * 3;
+        dirNameBuffer = dirNameBufferPathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == dirNameBuffer)
+        {
+            dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpDirectoryName, -1,
+                                  dirNameBuffer,length, 0, 0 );
+        dirNameBufferPathString.CloseBuffer(size);
+        if ( size != 0 )
+        {
+            FILEDosToUnixPathA( dirNameBuffer );
+            statfsRetVal = statfs( dirNameBuffer, &fsInfoBuffer );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to convert the lpDirectoryName to multibyte.\n" );
+            dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        statfsRetVal = statfs( "/", &fsInfoBuffer );
+    }
+
+    if ( statfsRetVal == 0 )
+    {
+        *lpBytesPerSector = fsInfoBuffer.f_bsize;
+        *lpSectorsPerCluster = 1;
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if ( errno == ENOTDIR || errno == ENOENT )
+        {
+            FILEGetProperNotFoundError( dirNameBuffer, &dwLastError );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        if ( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR == dwLastError )
+        {
+            ASSERT("statfs() not expected to fail with errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                   errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE("statfs() failed, errno:%d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+exit:
+    if ( NO_ERROR != dwLastError )
+    {
+        SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "GetDiskFreeSpace returning %s.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
+    PERF_EXIT(GetDiskFreeSpaceW);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/file.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/file.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6443a5e7b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/file.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4900 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    file.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the file WIN API for the PAL
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "shmfilelockmgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/filetime.h"
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/mount.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+int MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor = 3;
+
+PAL_ERROR
+InternalSetFilePointerForUnixFd(
+    int iUnixFd,
+    LONG lDistanceToMove,
+    PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+    DWORD dwMoveMethod,
+    PLONG lpNewFilePointerLow
+    );
+
+void
+FileCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    );
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otFile(
+                otiFile,
+                FileCleanupRoutine,
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                0,      // No immutable data
+                sizeof(CFileProcessLocalData),
+                0,      // No shared data
+                GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE,  // Ignored -- no Win32 object security support
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::OSPersistedSecurityInfo,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::UnwaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::SignalingNotApplicable,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseNotApplicable,
+                CObjectType::OwnershipNotApplicable
+                );
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes CorUnix::aotFile(otiFile);
+static CSharedMemoryFileLockMgr _FileLockManager;
+IFileLockManager *CorUnix::g_pFileLockManager = &_FileLockManager;
+
+void
+FileCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    palError = pObjectToCleanup->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread, 
+        ReadLock,
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to obtain data to cleanup file object");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->pLockController != NULL)
+    {
+        pLocalData->pLockController->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (!fShutdown && -1 != pLocalData->unix_fd)
+    {
+        close(pLocalData->unix_fd);
+    }
+
+    pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+}
+
+typedef enum
+{
+  PIID_STDIN_HANDLE, 
+  PIID_STDOUT_HANDLE,
+  PIID_STDERR_HANDLE
+} PROCINFO_ID; 
+
+#define PAL_LEGAL_FLAGS_ATTRIBS (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL| \
+                                 FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN| \
+                                 FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH| \
+                                 FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING| \
+                                 FILE_FLAG_RANDOM_ACCESS| \
+                                 FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS)
+
+/* Static global. The init function must be called
+before any other functions and if it is not successful, 
+no other functions should be done. */
+static HANDLE pStdIn = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static HANDLE pStdOut = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+static HANDLE pStdErr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    FILEGetProperNotFoundError
+    
+Returns the proper error code, based on the
+Windows behavior.
+
+    IN LPSTR lpPath - The path to check.
+    LPDWORD lpErrorCode - The error to set.
+*/
+void FILEGetProperNotFoundError( LPCSTR lpPath, LPDWORD lpErrorCode )
+{
+    struct stat stat_data;
+    LPSTR lpDupedPath = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpLastPathSeparator = NULL;
+
+    TRACE( "FILEGetProperNotFoundError( %s )\n", lpPath?lpPath:"(null)" );
+
+    if ( !lpErrorCode )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "lpErrorCode has to be valid\n" );
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ( NULL == ( lpDupedPath = strdup(lpPath) ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "strdup() failed!\n" );
+        *lpErrorCode = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Determine whether it's a file not found or path not found. */
+    lpLastPathSeparator = strrchr( lpDupedPath, '/');
+    if ( lpLastPathSeparator != NULL )
+    {
+        *lpLastPathSeparator = '\0';
+        
+        /* If the last path component is a directory,
+           we return file not found. If it's a file or
+           doesn't exist, we return path not found. */
+        if ( '\0' == *lpDupedPath || 
+             ( stat( lpDupedPath, &stat_data ) == 0 && 
+             ( stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT ) == S_IFDIR ) )
+        {
+            TRACE( "ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND\n" );
+            *lpErrorCode = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE( "ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND\n" );
+            *lpErrorCode = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE( "ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND\n" );
+        *lpErrorCode = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+    
+    free(lpDupedPath);
+    lpDupedPath = NULL;
+    TRACE( "FILEGetProperNotFoundError returning TRUE\n" );
+    return;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename
+    
+Returns the proper error code for errno, or, if errno is ENOENT,
+based on the Windows behavior for nonexistent filenames.
+
+    IN LPSTR lpPath - The path to check.
+*/
+PAL_ERROR FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(LPCSTR lpPath)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    if (ENOENT == errno)
+    {
+        FILEGetProperNotFoundError(lpPath, &palError);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+    }
+    return palError;
+}
+
+BOOL 
+CorUnix::RealPathHelper(LPCSTR lpUnixPath, PathCharString& lpBuffer)
+{
+    StringHolder lpRealPath;
+    lpRealPath = realpath(lpUnixPath, NULL);
+    if (lpRealPath.IsNull())
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    lpBuffer.Set(lpRealPath, strlen(lpRealPath));
+    return TRUE; 
+}
+/*++
+InternalCanonicalizeRealPath
+    Wraps realpath() to hide platform differences. See the man page for
+    realpath(3) for details of how realpath() works.
+    
+    On systems on which realpath() allows the last path component to not
+    exist, this is a straight thunk through to realpath(). On other
+    systems, we remove the last path component, then call realpath().
+
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCanonicalizeRealPath(LPCSTR lpUnixPath, PathCharString& lpBuffer)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+#if !REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+    StringHolder lpExistingPath;
+    LPSTR pchSeparator = NULL;
+    LPSTR lpFilename = NULL;
+    DWORD cchBuffer = 0;
+    DWORD cchFilename = 0;
+#endif // !REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+ 
+    if (lpUnixPath == NULL) 
+    {
+        ERROR ("Invalid argument to InternalCanonicalizeRealPath\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto LExit;
+    }
+
+#if REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+    RealPathHelper(lpUnixPath, lpBuffer);
+#else   // !REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+
+    lpExistingPath = strdup(lpUnixPath);
+    if (lpExistingPath.IsNull())
+    {
+        ERROR ("strdup failed with error %d\n", errno);
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto LExit;
+    }
+
+    pchSeparator = strrchr(lpExistingPath, '/');
+    if (pchSeparator == NULL)
+    {
+        PathCharString pszCwdBuffer;
+
+        if (GetCurrentDirectoryA(pszCwdBuffer)== 0)
+        {
+            WARN("getcwd(NULL) failed with error %d\n", errno);
+            palError = DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+            goto LExit;
+        }
+
+        if (! RealPathHelper(pszCwdBuffer, lpBuffer))
+        {
+            WARN("realpath() failed with error %d\n", errno);
+            palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+            // If we are here, then we tried to invoke realpath
+            // against a directory.
+            //
+            // On Mac64, realpath implementation differs from Mac32
+            // by *not* supporting invalid filenames in the path (while
+            // Mac32 implementation does).
+            //
+            // Thus, if we are here, and the error code we see is
+            // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, then we should map it to
+            // ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND since it was a directory that
+            // was not found (and not a file).
+            if (palError == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
+            {
+                // Since lpBuffer can be modified by the realpath call,
+                // and can result in a truncated subset of the original buffer,
+                // we use strstr as a level of safety.
+                 if (strstr(pszCwdBuffer, lpBuffer) != 0)
+                 {
+                     palError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+                 }
+            }
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_)
+            
+            goto LExit;
+        }
+        lpFilename = lpExistingPath;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+        bool fSetFilename = true;
+        // Since realpath implementation cannot handle inexistent filenames,
+        // check if we are going to truncate the "/" corresponding to the
+        // root folder (e.g. case of "/Volumes"). If so:
+        //
+        // 1) Set the seperator to point to the NULL terminator of the specified
+        //    file/folder name.
+        //
+        // 2) Null terminate lpBuffer
+        //
+        // 3) Since there is no explicit filename component in lpExistingPath (as
+        //    we only have "/" corresponding to the root), set lpFilename to NULL,
+        //    alongwith a flag indicating that it has already been set.
+        if (pchSeparator == lpExistingPath)
+        {
+            pchSeparator = lpExistingPath+strlen(lpExistingPath);
+
+            // Set the lpBuffer to NULL
+            lpBuffer.Clear();
+            lpFilename = NULL;
+            fSetFilename = false;
+        }
+        else
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_)
+            *pchSeparator = '\0';
+            
+        if (!RealPathHelper(lpExistingPath, lpBuffer))
+        {
+            WARN("realpath() failed with error %d\n", errno);
+            palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+            // If we are here, then we tried to invoke realpath
+            // against a directory after stripping out the filename
+            // from the original path.
+            //
+            // On Mac64, realpath implementation differs from Mac32
+            // by *not* supporting invalid filenames in the path (while
+            // Mac32 implementation does).
+            //
+            // Thus, if we are here, and the error code we see is
+            // ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, then we should map it to
+            // ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND since it was a directory that
+            // was not found (and not a file).
+            if (palError == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND)
+            {
+                // Since lpBuffer can be modified by the realpath call,
+                // and can result in a truncated subset of the original buffer,
+                // we use strstr as a level of safety.
+                if (strstr(lpExistingPath, lpBuffer) != 0)
+                 {
+                     palError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+                 }
+            }
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_)
+
+            goto LExit;
+        }
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+        if (fSetFilename == true)
+#endif // defined(_AMD64_)
+            lpFilename = pchSeparator + 1;
+    }
+
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    if (lpFilename == NULL)
+        goto LExit;
+#endif // _AMD64_
+
+    if (!lpBuffer.Append("/",1) || !lpBuffer.Append(lpFilename, strlen(lpFilename)))
+    {
+        ERROR ("Append failed!\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
+
+        // Doing a goto here since we want to exit now. This will work
+        // incase someone else adds another if clause below us.
+        goto LExit;
+    }
+
+#endif // REALPATH_SUPPORTS_NONEXISTENT_FILES
+LExit:
+
+    if ((palError == NO_ERROR) && lpBuffer.IsEmpty())
+    {
+        // convert all these into ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
+        palError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    LPCSTR lpFileName,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    DWORD dwShareMode,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
+    DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+    DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+    HANDLE hTemplateFile,
+    HANDLE *phFile
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = 0;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pRegisteredFile = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IFileLockController *pLockController = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oaFile(NULL, lpSecurityAttributes);
+    BOOL fFileExists = FALSE;
+
+    BOOL inheritable = FALSE;
+    PathCharString lpUnixPath;
+    int   filed = -1;
+    int   create_flags = (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IROTH);
+    int   open_flags = 0;
+    int   lock_mode = LOCK_SH;
+
+    // track whether we've created the file with the intended name,
+    // so that it can be removed on failure exit
+    BOOL bFileCreated = FALSE;
+
+    const char* szNonfilePrefix = "\\\\.\\";
+    PathCharString lpFullUnixPath;
+
+    /* for dwShareMode only three flags are accepted */
+    if ( dwShareMode & ~(FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "dwShareMode is invalid\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( lpFileName == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalCreateFile called with NULL filename\n");
+        palError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( strncmp(lpFileName, szNonfilePrefix, strlen(szNonfilePrefix)) == 0 )
+    {
+        ERROR("InternalCreateFile does not support paths beginning with %s\n", szNonfilePrefix);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if( !lpUnixPath.Set(lpFileName,strlen(lpFileName)))
+    {
+        ERROR("strdup() failed\n");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( lpUnixPath );
+
+    // Compute the absolute pathname to the file.  This pathname is used
+    // to determine if two file names represent the same file.
+    palError = InternalCanonicalizeRealPath(lpUnixPath, lpFullUnixPath);
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpUnixPath.Set(lpFullUnixPath);
+
+    switch( dwDesiredAccess )
+    {
+    case 0:
+        /* Device Query Access was requested. let's use open() with 
+           no flags, it's basically the equivalent of O_RDONLY, since 
+           O_RDONLY is defined as 0x0000 */
+        break;
+    case( GENERIC_READ ):
+        open_flags |= O_RDONLY;
+        break;
+    case( GENERIC_WRITE ):
+        open_flags |= O_WRONLY;
+        break;
+    case( GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE ):
+        open_flags |= O_RDWR;
+        break;
+    default:
+        ERROR("dwDesiredAccess value of %d is invalid\n", dwDesiredAccess);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("open flags are 0x%lx\n", open_flags);
+    
+    if ( lpSecurityAttributes )
+    {
+        if ( lpSecurityAttributes->nLength != sizeof( SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES ) ||
+             lpSecurityAttributes->lpSecurityDescriptor != NULL ||
+             !lpSecurityAttributes->bInheritHandle )
+        {
+            ASSERT("lpSecurityAttributes points to invalid values.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        inheritable = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if ( (dwFlagsAndAttributes & PAL_LEGAL_FLAGS_ATTRIBS) !=
+          dwFlagsAndAttributes)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Bad dwFlagsAndAttributes\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    } 
+    else if (dwFlagsAndAttributes & FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS)
+    {
+        /* Override the open flags, and always open as readonly.  This
+           flag is used when opening a directory, to change its
+           creation/modification/access times.  On Windows, the directory
+           must be open for write, but on Unix, it needs to be readonly. */
+        open_flags = O_RDONLY;
+    } else {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (stat(lpUnixPath, &st) == 0 && (st.st_mode & S_IFDIR))
+        {
+            /* The file exists and it is a directory.  Without
+                   FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, Win32 CreateFile always fails
+                   to open directories. */
+                palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+                goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( hTemplateFile )
+    {
+        ASSERT("hTemplateFile is not NULL, as it should be.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The file sharing mode checks are performed by the lock manager so we need
+    // to get the lock controller for this file.
+    // Do this before modifying the file system since we wouldn't want to, for
+    // instance, truncate a file before finding out if we have write access to it.
+    // It may seem odd that in some cases we will acquire a lock on a file that
+    // doesn't exist yet but the lock manager does not care -- files are
+    // abstract entities represented by a name from its point of view.
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pFileLockManager->GetLockControllerForFile(
+        pThread, 
+        lpUnixPath,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        dwShareMode,
+        &pLockController
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* NB: According to MSDN docs, When CREATE_ALWAYS or OPEN_ALWAYS is
+       set, CreateFile should SetLastError to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS,
+       even though/if CreateFile will be successful.
+    */
+    switch( dwCreationDisposition )
+    {
+    case( CREATE_ALWAYS ):        
+        // check whether the file exists
+        if ( access( lpUnixPath, F_OK ) == 0 )
+        {
+            fFileExists = TRUE;
+        }
+        open_flags |= O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
+        break;
+    case( CREATE_NEW ):
+        open_flags |= O_CREAT | O_EXCL;
+        break;
+    case( OPEN_EXISTING ):
+        /* don't need to do anything here */
+        break;
+    case( OPEN_ALWAYS ):
+        if ( access( lpUnixPath, F_OK ) == 0 )
+        {
+            fFileExists = TRUE;
+        }
+        open_flags |= O_CREAT;
+        break;
+    case( TRUNCATE_EXISTING ):
+        open_flags |= O_TRUNC;
+        break;
+    default:
+        ASSERT("dwCreationDisposition value of %d is not valid\n",
+              dwCreationDisposition);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( dwFlagsAndAttributes & FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING )
+    {
+        TRACE("I/O will be unbuffered\n");
+#ifdef O_DIRECT
+        open_flags |= O_DIRECT;
+#endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("I/O will be buffered\n");
+    }
+
+    filed = InternalOpen(lpUnixPath, open_flags, create_flags);
+    TRACE("Allocated file descriptor [%d]\n", filed);
+
+    if ( filed < 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE("open() failed; error is %s (%d)\n", strerror(errno), errno);
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(lpUnixPath);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    // Deduce whether we created a file in the previous operation (there's a
+    // small timing window between the access() used to determine fFileExists
+    // and the open() operation, but there's not much we can do about that.
+    bFileCreated = (dwCreationDisposition == CREATE_ALWAYS ||
+                    dwCreationDisposition == CREATE_NEW ||
+                    dwCreationDisposition == OPEN_ALWAYS) &&
+        !fFileExists;
+
+
+    // While the lock manager is able to provide support for share modes within an instance of
+    // the PAL, other PALs will ignore these locks.  In order to support a basic level of cross
+    // process locking, we'll use advisory locks.  FILE_SHARE_NONE implies a exclusive lock on the
+    // file and all other modes use a shared lock.  While this is not as granular as Windows,
+    // you can atleast implement a lock file using this.
+    lock_mode = (dwShareMode == 0 /* FILE_SHARE_NONE */) ? LOCK_EX : LOCK_SH;
+
+    if(flock(filed, lock_mode | LOCK_NB) != 0) 
+    {
+        TRACE("flock() failed; error is %s (%d)\n", strerror(errno), errno);
+        if (errno == EWOULDBLOCK) 
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        }
+
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+#ifndef O_DIRECT
+    if ( dwFlagsAndAttributes & FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING )
+    {
+#ifdef F_NOCACHE
+        if (-1 == fcntl(filed, F_NOCACHE, 1))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Can't set F_NOCACHE; fcntl() failed. errno is %d (%s)\n",
+               errno, strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+#else
+#error Insufficient support for uncached I/O on this platform
+#endif
+    }
+#endif
+    
+    /* make file descriptor close-on-exec; inheritable handles will get
+      "uncloseonexeced" in CreateProcess if they are actually being inherited*/
+    if(-1 == fcntl(filed,F_SETFD,1))
+    {
+        ASSERT("can't set close-on-exec flag; fcntl() failed. errno is %d "
+             "(%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otFile,
+        &oaFile,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (strcpy_s(pLocalData->unix_filename, sizeof(pLocalData->unix_filename), lpUnixPath) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER;
+        TRACE("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->inheritable = inheritable;
+    pLocalData->unix_fd = filed;
+    pLocalData->dwDesiredAccess = dwDesiredAccess;
+    pLocalData->open_flags = open_flags;
+    pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly = (dwDesiredAccess == 0);
+
+    //
+    // Transfer the lock controller reference from our local variable
+    // to the local file data
+    //
+
+    pLocalData->pLockController = pLockController;
+    pLockController = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // We've finished initializing our local data, so release that lock
+    //
+
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pDataLock = NULL;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pFileObject,
+        &aotFile, 
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        phFile,
+        &pRegisteredFile
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pFileObject is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+
+    pFileObject = NULL;
+
+done:
+
+    // At this point, if we've been successful, palError will be NO_ERROR.
+    // CreateFile can return ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS in some success cases;
+    // those cases are flagged by fFileExists and are handled below.
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (filed >= 0)
+        {
+            close(filed);
+        }
+        if (bFileCreated)
+        {
+            if (-1 == unlink(lpUnixPath))
+            {
+                WARN("can't delete file; unlink() failed with errno %d (%s)\n",
+                     errno, strerror(errno));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pLockController)
+    {
+        pLockController->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pRegisteredFile)
+    {
+        pRegisteredFile->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError && fFileExists)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateFileA
+
+Note:
+  Only bInherit flag is used from the LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES struct.
+  Desired access is READ, WRITE or 0
+  Share mode is READ, WRITE or DELETE
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateFileA(
+        IN LPCSTR lpFileName,
+        IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        IN DWORD dwShareMode,
+        IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
+        IN DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+        IN DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+        IN HANDLE hTemplateFile
+        )
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    HANDLE  hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateFileA);
+    ENTRY("CreateFileA(lpFileName=%p (%s), dwAccess=%#x, dwShareMode=%#x, "
+          "lpSecurityAttr=%p, dwDisposition=%#x, dwFlags=%#x, " 
+          "hTemplateFile=%p )\n",lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL",lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", dwDesiredAccess, 
+          dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes, dwCreationDisposition, 
+          dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateFile(
+        pThread,
+        lpFileName,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        dwShareMode,
+        lpSecurityAttributes,
+        dwCreationDisposition,
+        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+        hTemplateFile,
+        &hRet
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateFileA returns HANDLE %p\n", hRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateFileA);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateFileW
+
+Note:
+  Only bInherit flag is used from the LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES struct.
+  Desired access is READ, WRITE or 0
+  Share mode is READ, WRITE or DELETE
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateFileW(
+        IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+        IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        IN DWORD dwShareMode,
+        IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
+        IN DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+        IN DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+        IN HANDLE hTemplateFile)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    PathCharString namePathString;
+    char * name;
+    int size;
+    int length = 0;
+    HANDLE  hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateFileW);
+    ENTRY("CreateFileW(lpFileName=%p (%S), dwAccess=%#x, dwShareMode=%#x, "
+          "lpSecurityAttr=%p, dwDisposition=%#x, dwFlags=%#x, hTemplateFile=%p )\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode,
+          lpSecurityAttributes, dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+          hTemplateFile);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    name = namePathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == name)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, name, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        namePathString.CloseBuffer(0);    
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    namePathString.CloseBuffer(size - 1);    
+
+    palError = InternalCreateFile(
+        pThread,
+        name,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        dwShareMode,
+        lpSecurityAttributes,
+        dwCreationDisposition,
+        dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+        hTemplateFile,
+        &hRet
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+done:
+	pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    LOGEXIT( "CreateFileW returns HANDLE %p\n", hRet );
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateFileW);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CopyFileW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes:
+  There are several (most) error paths here that do not call SetLastError().
+This is because we know that CreateFile, ReadFile, and WriteFile will do so,
+and will have a much better idea of the specific error.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CopyFileW(
+      IN LPCWSTR lpExistingFileName,
+      IN LPCWSTR lpNewFileName,
+      IN BOOL bFailIfExists)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PathCharString sourcePathString;
+    PathCharString destPathString;
+    char * source;
+    char * dest;
+    int src_size, dest_size, length = 0;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CopyFileW);
+    ENTRY("CopyFileW(lpExistingFileName=%p (%S), lpNewFileName=%p (%S), bFailIfExists=%d)\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, bFailIfExists);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (lpExistingFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpExistingFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    source = sourcePathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == source)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    src_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpExistingFileName, -1, source, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( src_size == 0 )
+    {
+        sourcePathString.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    sourcePathString.CloseBuffer(src_size - 1);
+    length = 0;
+
+    if (lpNewFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpNewFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    dest = destPathString.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == dest)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    dest_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpNewFileName, -1, dest, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( dest_size == 0 )
+    {
+        destPathString.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    destPathString.CloseBuffer(dest_size - 1);
+    bRet = CopyFileA(source,dest,bFailIfExists);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("CopyFileW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CopyFileW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DeleteFileA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+DeleteFileA(
+        IN LPCSTR lpFileName)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    int     result;
+    BOOL    bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD   dwLastError = 0;
+    PathCharString lpunixFileName;
+    PathCharString lpFullunixFileName;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(DeleteFileA);
+    ENTRY("DeleteFileA(lpFileName=%p (%s))\n", lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if( !lpunixFileName.Set(lpFileName, strlen(lpFileName)))
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( lpunixFileName );
+    
+    // Compute the absolute pathname to the file.  This pathname is used
+    // to determine if two file names represent the same file.
+    palError = InternalCanonicalizeRealPath(lpunixFileName, lpFullunixFileName);
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        if (!lpFullunixFileName.Set(lpunixFileName, strlen(lpunixFileName)))
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = unlink( lpFullunixFileName );
+
+    if (result < 0)
+    {
+        TRACE("unlink returns %d\n", result);
+        dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(lpFullunixFileName);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+
+done:
+    if(dwLastError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError( dwLastError );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("DeleteFileA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(DeleteFileA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DeleteFileW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+DeleteFileW(
+        IN LPCWSTR lpFileName)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    int  size;
+    PathCharString namePS;
+    char * name;
+    int length = 0;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(DeleteFileW);
+    ENTRY("DeleteFileW(lpFileName=%p (%S))\n",
+      lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+      lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (lpFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    name = namePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == name)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, name, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        namePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        bRet = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    namePS.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+    bRet = DeleteFileA( name );
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("DeleteFileW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(DeleteFileW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MoveFileA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+MoveFileA(
+     IN LPCSTR lpExistingFileName,
+     IN LPCSTR lpNewFileName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MoveFileA);
+    ENTRY("MoveFileA(lpExistingFileName=%p (%s), lpNewFileName=%p (%s))\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL");
+
+    bRet = MoveFileExA( lpExistingFileName,
+            lpNewFileName,
+            MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED );
+
+    LOGEXIT("MoveFileA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(MoveFileA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MoveFileW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+MoveFileW(
+     IN LPCWSTR lpExistingFileName,
+     IN LPCWSTR lpNewFileName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MoveFileW);
+    ENTRY("MoveFileW(lpExistingFileName=%p (%S), lpNewFileName=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    bRet = MoveFileExW( lpExistingFileName,
+            lpNewFileName,
+            MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED );
+
+    LOGEXIT("MoveFileW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(MoveFileW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MoveFileExA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+MoveFileExA(
+        IN LPCSTR lpExistingFileName,
+        IN LPCSTR lpNewFileName,
+        IN DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    int   result;
+    PathCharString source;
+    PathCharString dest;
+    BOOL  bRet = TRUE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MoveFileExA);
+    ENTRY("MoveFileExA(lpExistingFileName=%p (%S), lpNewFileName=%p (%S), "
+          "dwFlags=%#x)\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL", dwFlags);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    /* only two flags are accepted */
+    if ( dwFlags & ~(MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED | MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "dwFlags is invalid\n" );
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    
+    if( !source.Set(lpExistingFileName, strlen(lpExistingFileName)))
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( source );
+
+    if( !dest.Set(lpNewFileName, strlen(lpNewFileName)))
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( dest );
+
+    if ( !(dwFlags & MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING) )
+    {
+#if HAVE_CASE_SENSITIVE_FILESYSTEM
+        if ( strcmp(source, dest) != 0 )
+#else   // HAVE_CASE_SENSITIVE_FILESYSTEM
+        if ( strcasecmp(source, dest) != 0 )
+#endif  // HAVE_CASE_SENSITIVE_FILESYSTEM
+        {
+            // Let things proceed normally if source and
+            // dest are the same.
+            if ( access(dest, F_OK) == 0 )
+            {
+                dwLastError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    result = rename( source, dest );
+    if ((result < 0) && (dwFlags & MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING) &&
+        ((errno == ENOTDIR) || (errno == EEXIST)))
+    {
+        bRet = DeleteFileA( lpNewFileName );
+        
+        if ( bRet ) 
+        {
+            result = rename( source, dest );
+        }
+        else
+        { 
+            dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        }
+    } 
+
+    if ( result < 0 )
+    {
+        switch( errno )
+        {
+        case EXDEV: /* we tried to link across devices */
+        
+            if ( dwFlags & MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED )
+            {
+                BOOL bFailIfExists = !(dwFlags & MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING);
+            
+                /* if CopyFile fails here, so should MoveFailEx */
+                bRet = CopyFileA( lpExistingFileName,
+                          lpNewFileName,
+                          bFailIfExists );
+                /* CopyFile should set the appropriate error */
+                if ( !bRet ) 
+                {
+                    dwLastError = GetLastError();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (!DeleteFileA(lpExistingFileName))
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Failed to delete the source file\n");
+                        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+                    
+                        /* Delete the destination file if we're unable to delete 
+                           the source file */
+                        if (!DeleteFileA(lpNewFileName))
+                        {
+                            ERROR("Failed to delete the destination file\n");
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+            }
+            break;
+        case EINVAL: // tried to rename "." or ".."
+            dwLastError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+            break;
+        case ENOENT:
+            {
+                struct stat buf;
+                if (lstat(source, &buf) == -1)
+                {
+                    FILEGetProperNotFoundError(source, &dwLastError);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        default:
+            dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    if ( dwLastError )
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError( dwLastError );
+        bRet = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "MoveFileExA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet );
+    PERF_EXIT(MoveFileExA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MoveFileExW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+MoveFileExW(
+        IN LPCWSTR lpExistingFileName,
+        IN LPCWSTR lpNewFileName,
+        IN DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PathCharString sourcePS;
+    PathCharString destPS;
+    char * source;
+    char * dest;
+    int length = 0;
+    int     src_size,dest_size;
+    BOOL        bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MoveFileExW);
+    ENTRY("MoveFileExW(lpExistingFileName=%p (%S), lpNewFileName=%p (%S), dwFlags=%#x)\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, dwFlags);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (lpExistingFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpExistingFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    source = sourcePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == source)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    src_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpExistingFileName, -1, source, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    if( src_size == 0 )
+    {
+        sourcePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    sourcePS.CloseBuffer(src_size - 1);
+    length = 0;
+    if (lpNewFileName != NULL)
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpNewFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    }
+    
+    dest = destPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == dest)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    dest_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpNewFileName, -1, dest, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( dest_size == 0 )
+    {
+        destPS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    destPS.CloseBuffer(dest_size - 1);
+    bRet = MoveFileExA(source,dest,dwFlags);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("MoveFileExW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(MoveFileExW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileAttributesA
+
+Note:
+  Checking for directory and read-only file, according to Rotor spec.
+
+Caveats:
+  There are some important things to note about this implementation, which
+are due to the differences between the FAT filesystem and Unix filesystems:
+
+- fifo's, sockets, and symlinks will return -1, and GetLastError() will
+  return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
+
+- if a file is write-only, or has no permissions at all, it is treated
+  the same as if it had mode 'rw'. This is consistent with behaviour on
+  NTFS files with the same permissions.
+
+- the following flags will never be returned:
+
+FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM
+FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE
+FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFileAttributesA(
+           IN LPCSTR lpFileName)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    struct stat stat_data;
+    DWORD dwAttr = 0;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    PathCharString unixFileName;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileAttributesA);
+    ENTRY("GetFileAttributesA(lpFileName=%p (%s))\n", lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (lpFileName == NULL)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    
+    if( !unixFileName.Set(lpFileName, strlen(lpFileName)))
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( unixFileName );
+
+    if ( stat(unixFileName, &stat_data) != 0 )
+    {
+        dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(unixFileName);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
+    {
+        dwAttr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+    }
+    else if ( (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG )
+    {
+        ERROR("Not a regular file or directory, S_IFMT is %#x\n", 
+              stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet( &stat_data ) )
+    {
+        dwAttr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    }
+
+    /* finally, if nothing is set... */
+    if ( dwAttr == 0 )
+    {
+        dwAttr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+    }
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+        dwAttr = INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileAttributesA returns DWORD %#x\n", dwAttr);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileAttributesA);
+    return dwAttr;
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileAttributesW
+
+Note:
+  Checking for directory and read-only file
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFileAttributesW(
+           IN LPCWSTR lpFileName)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    int   size;
+    PathCharString filenamePS;
+    int length = 0;
+    char * filename;
+    DWORD dwRet = (DWORD) -1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileAttributesW);
+    ENTRY("GetFileAttributesW(lpFileName=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (lpFileName == NULL) 
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    filename = filenamePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == filename)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, filename, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        filenamePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    }
+    else
+    { 
+        filenamePS.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+        dwRet = GetFileAttributesA( filename );
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileAttributesW returns DWORD %#x\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileAttributesW);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileAttributesExW
+
+See MSDN doc, and notes for GetFileAttributesW.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetFileAttributesExW(
+             IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+             IN GET_FILEEX_INFO_LEVELS fInfoLevelId,
+             OUT LPVOID lpFileInformation)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA attr_data;
+
+    struct stat stat_data;
+
+    char * name;
+    PathCharString namePS;
+    int length = 0;
+    int  size;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileAttributesExW);
+    ENTRY("GetFileAttributesExW(lpFileName=%p (%S), fInfoLevelId=%d, "
+          "lpFileInformation=%p)\n", lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          fInfoLevelId, lpFileInformation);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if ( fInfoLevelId != GetFileExInfoStandard )
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unrecognized value for fInfoLevelId=%d\n", fInfoLevelId);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( !lpFileInformation )
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpFileInformation is NULL\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (lpFileName == NULL) 
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    name = namePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == name)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, name, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        namePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    namePS.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+    attr_data = (LPWIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA)lpFileInformation;
+
+    attr_data->dwFileAttributes = GetFileAttributesW(lpFileName);
+    /* assume that GetFileAttributes will call SetLastError appropriately */
+    if ( attr_data->dwFileAttributes == (DWORD)-1 )
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(name);
+    /* do the stat */
+    if ( stat(name, &stat_data) != 0 )
+    {
+        ERROR("stat failed on %S\n", lpFileName);
+        dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(name);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* get the file times */
+    attr_data->ftCreationTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_ctime,
+                                ST_CTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+    attr_data->ftLastAccessTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_atime,
+                                ST_ATIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+    attr_data->ftLastWriteTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_mtime,
+                                ST_MTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+
+    /* Get the file size. GetFileSize is not used because it gets the
+       size of an already-open file */
+    attr_data->nFileSizeLow = (DWORD) stat_data.st_size;
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > 4
+    attr_data->nFileSizeHigh = (DWORD)(stat_data.st_size >> 32);
+#else
+    attr_data->nFileSizeHigh = 0;
+#endif
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError) pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileAttributesExW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileAttributesExW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetFileAttributesW
+
+Notes:
+  Used for setting read-only attribute on file only.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetFileAttributesW(
+           IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+           IN DWORD dwFileAttributes)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    char * name;
+    PathCharString namePS;
+    int length = 0;
+    int  size;
+
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetFileAttributesW);
+    ENTRY("SetFileAttributesW(lpFileName=%p (%S), dwFileAttributes=%#x)\n",
+        lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+        lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, dwFileAttributes);
+    
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (lpFileName == NULL) 
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    name = namePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == name)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, name, length,
+                                NULL, NULL );
+    
+    if( size == 0 )
+    {
+        namePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    namePS.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+    bRet = SetFileAttributesA(name,dwFileAttributes);
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError) pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetFileAttributes returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetFileAttributesW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalWriteFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    LPCVOID lpBuffer,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+    LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten,
+    LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = 0;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    IFileTransactionLock *pTransactionLock = NULL;
+    int ifd;
+
+    LONG writeOffsetStartLow = 0, writeOffsetStartHigh = 0;
+    int res;
+
+    if (NULL != lpNumberOfBytesWritten)
+    {
+        //
+        // This must be set to 0 before any other error checking takes
+        // place, per MSDN
+        //
+
+        *lpNumberOfBytesWritten = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT( "lpNumberOfBytesWritten is NULL\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    // Win32 WriteFile disallows writing to STD_INPUT_HANDLE
+    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || hFile == pStdIn)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else if ( lpOverlapped )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "lpOverlapped is not NULL, as it should be.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_WRITE,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE)
+    {
+        ERROR("File open for device access only\n");
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ifd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+
+    //
+    // Inform the lock controller for this file (if any) of our intention
+    // to perform a write. (Note that pipes don't have lock controllers.)
+    //
+    
+    if (NULL != pLocalData->pLockController)
+    {
+        /* Get the current file position to calculate the region to lock */
+        palError = InternalSetFilePointerForUnixFd(
+            ifd,
+            0,
+            &writeOffsetStartHigh,
+            FILE_CURRENT,
+            &writeOffsetStartLow
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed to get the current file position\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        palError = pLocalData->pLockController->GetTransactionLock(
+            pThread,
+            IFileLockController::WriteLock,
+            writeOffsetStartLow,
+            writeOffsetStartHigh,
+            nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+            0,
+            &pTransactionLock
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to obtain write transaction lock");
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Release the data lock before performing the (possibly blocking)
+    // write call
+    //
+
+    pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    pLocalData = NULL;
+
+#if WRITE_0_BYTES_HANGS_TTY
+    if( nNumberOfBytesToWrite == 0 && isatty(ifd) )
+    {
+        res = 0;
+        *lpNumberOfBytesWritten = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    res = write( ifd, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite );  
+    TRACE("write() returns %d\n", res);
+
+    if ( res >= 0 )
+    {
+        *lpNumberOfBytesWritten = res;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+    }
+    
+done:
+    
+    if (NULL != pTransactionLock)
+    {
+        pTransactionLock->ReleaseLock();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WriteFileW
+
+Note:
+  lpOverlapped always NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+WriteFile(
+      IN HANDLE hFile,
+      IN LPCVOID lpBuffer,
+      IN DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+      OUT LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten,
+      IN LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(WriteFile);
+    ENTRY("WriteFile(hFile=%p, lpBuffer=%p, nToWrite=%u, lpWritten=%p, "
+          "lpOverlapped=%p)\n", hFile, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite, 
+          lpNumberOfBytesWritten, lpOverlapped);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalWriteFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lpBuffer,
+        nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+        lpNumberOfBytesWritten,
+        lpOverlapped
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("WriteFile returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(WriteFile);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalReadFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    LPVOID lpBuffer,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+    LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+    LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = 0;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    IFileTransactionLock *pTransactionLock = NULL;
+    int ifd;
+    
+    LONG readOffsetStartLow = 0, readOffsetStartHigh = 0;
+    int res;
+
+    if (NULL != lpNumberOfBytesRead)
+    {
+        //
+        // This must be set to 0 before any other error checking takes
+        // place, per MSDN
+        //
+
+        *lpNumberOfBytesRead = 0;        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpNumberOfBytesRead is NULL\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else if (NULL != lpOverlapped)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "lpOverlapped is not NULL, as it should be.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else if (NULL == lpBuffer)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid parameter. (lpBuffer:%p)\n", lpBuffer);
+        palError = ERROR_NOACCESS;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE)
+    {
+        ERROR("File open for device access only\n");
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    ifd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+
+    //
+    // Inform the lock controller for this file (if any) of our intention
+    // to perform a read. (Note that pipes don't have lock controllers.)
+    //
+    
+    if (NULL != pLocalData->pLockController)
+    {
+        /* Get the current file position to calculate the region to lock */
+        palError = InternalSetFilePointerForUnixFd(
+            ifd,
+            0,
+            &readOffsetStartHigh,
+            FILE_CURRENT,
+            &readOffsetStartLow
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed to get the current file position\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        palError = pLocalData->pLockController->GetTransactionLock(
+            pThread,
+            IFileLockController::ReadLock,
+            readOffsetStartLow,
+            readOffsetStartHigh,
+            nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+            0,
+            &pTransactionLock
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to obtain read transaction lock");
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Release the data lock before performing the (possibly blocking)
+    // read call
+    //
+
+    pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    pLocalData = NULL;
+
+Read:
+    TRACE("Reading from file descriptor %d\n", ifd);
+    res = read(ifd, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToRead);
+    TRACE("read() returns %d\n", res);
+
+    if (res >= 0)
+    {
+        *lpNumberOfBytesRead = res;
+    }
+    else if (errno == EINTR)
+    {
+        // Try to read again.
+        goto Read;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+    }
+    
+done:
+
+    if (NULL != pTransactionLock)
+    {
+        pTransactionLock->ReleaseLock();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReadFile
+
+Note:
+  lpOverlapped always NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReadFile(
+     IN HANDLE hFile,
+     OUT LPVOID lpBuffer,
+     IN DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+     OUT LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+     IN LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReadFile);
+    ENTRY("ReadFile(hFile=%p, lpBuffer=%p, nToRead=%u, "
+          "lpRead=%p, lpOverlapped=%p)\n",
+          hFile, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToRead, 
+          lpNumberOfBytesRead, lpOverlapped);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalReadFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lpBuffer,
+        nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+        lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+        lpOverlapped
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("ReadFile returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(ReadFile);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetStdHandle
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+GetStdHandle(
+         IN DWORD nStdHandle)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    HANDLE hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetStdHandle);
+    ENTRY("GetStdHandle(nStdHandle=%#x)\n", nStdHandle);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    switch( nStdHandle )
+    {
+    case STD_INPUT_HANDLE:
+        hRet = pStdIn;
+        break;
+    case STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE:
+        hRet = pStdOut;
+        break;
+    case STD_ERROR_HANDLE:
+        hRet = pStdErr; 
+        break;
+    default:
+        ERROR("nStdHandle is invalid\n");
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetStdHandle returns HANDLE %p\n", hRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetStdHandle);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalSetEndOfFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = 0;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    off_t curr = 0;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_WRITE,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE)
+    {
+        ERROR("File open for device access only\n");
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+    
+    curr = lseek(pLocalData->unix_fd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+
+    TRACE("current file pointer offset is %u\n", curr);
+    if ( curr < 0 )
+    {
+        ERROR("lseek returned %ld\n", curr);
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > 4
+#if !HAVE_FTRUNCATE_LARGE_LENGTH_SUPPORT
+    // ftruncate will return the wrong value for some large lengths.
+    // We'll short-circuit the process and simply return failure for
+    // the set of values that covers those cases, all of which would
+    // have failed anyway on any standard-sized hard drive.
+    if (curr >= 0xFFFFFFFF000ULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Skipping ftruncate because the offset is too large\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+#endif  // !HAVE_FTRUNCATE_LARGE_LENGTH_SUPPORT
+#endif  // SIZEOF_OFF_T
+
+#if HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE
+    // Perform an additional check to make sure that there's likely to be enough free space to satisfy the
+    // request. Do this because it's been observed on Mac OSX that ftruncate can return failure but still
+    // extend the file to consume the remainder of free space.
+    // 
+    struct statfs sFileSystemStats;
+    off_t cbFreeSpace;
+    if (fstatfs(pLocalData->unix_fd, &sFileSystemStats) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("fstatfs failed\n");
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    } 
+
+    // Free space is free blocks times the size of each block in bytes.
+    cbFreeSpace = (off_t)sFileSystemStats.f_bavail * (off_t)sFileSystemStats.f_bsize;
+
+    if (curr > cbFreeSpace)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not enough disk space for ftruncate\n");
+        palError = ERROR_DISK_FULL;
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+#endif // HAS_FTRUNCATE_LENGTH_ISSUE
+
+    if ( ftruncate(pLocalData->unix_fd, curr) != 0 )
+    {
+        ERROR("ftruncate failed\n");
+        if ( errno == EACCES )
+        {
+            ERROR("file may not be writable\n");
+        }
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalSetEndOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+
+InternalSetEndOfFileExit:
+
+    // Windows starts returning ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER at an arbitrary file size (~16TB). The file system
+    // underneath us may be able to support larger and it would be a shame to prevent that. As a compromise,
+    // if the operation fails and the file size was above the Windows limit map ERROR_DISK_FULL to
+    // ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.
+    // curr has been checked to be positive after getting the value from lseek. The following cast is put to
+    // suppress the compilation warning.
+    if (palError == ERROR_DISK_FULL && (static_cast<UINT64>(curr) > 0x00000fffffff0000ULL ) )
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetEndOfFile
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetEndOfFile(
+         IN HANDLE hFile)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetEndOfFile);
+    ENTRY("SetEndOfFile(hFile=%p)\n", hFile);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalSetEndOfFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFile
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetEndOfFile returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetEndOfFile);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+//
+// We need to break out the actual mechanics of setting the file pointer
+// on the unix FD for InternalReadFile and InternalWriteFile, as they
+// need to call this routine in order to determine the value of the
+// current file pointer when computing the scope of their transaction
+// lock. If we didn't break out this logic we'd end up referencing the file
+// handle multiple times, and, in the process, would attempt to recursively
+// obtain the local process data lock for the underlying file object.
+//
+
+PAL_ERROR
+InternalSetFilePointerForUnixFd(
+    int iUnixFd,
+    LONG lDistanceToMove,
+    PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+    DWORD dwMoveMethod,
+    PLONG lpNewFilePointerLow
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    int     seek_whence = 0;
+    __int64 seek_offset = 0LL;
+    __int64 seek_res = 0LL;
+    off_t old_offset;
+
+    switch( dwMoveMethod )
+    {
+    case FILE_BEGIN:
+        seek_whence = SEEK_SET; 
+        break;
+    case FILE_CURRENT:
+        seek_whence = SEEK_CUR; 
+        break;
+    case FILE_END:
+        seek_whence = SEEK_END; 
+        break;
+    default:
+        ERROR("dwMoveMethod = %d is invalid\n", dwMoveMethod);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // According to MSDN, if lpDistanceToMoveHigh is not null, 
+    // lDistanceToMove is treated as unsigned; 
+    // it is treated as signed otherwise
+    //
+    
+    if ( lpDistanceToMoveHigh )
+    {
+        /* set the high 32 bits of the offset */
+        seek_offset = ((__int64)*lpDistanceToMoveHigh << 32);
+        
+        /* set the low 32 bits */
+        /* cast to unsigned long to avoid sign extension */
+        seek_offset |= (ULONG) lDistanceToMove;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        seek_offset |= lDistanceToMove;
+    }
+
+    /* store the current position, in case the lseek moves the pointer
+       before the beginning of the file */
+    old_offset = lseek(iUnixFd, 0, SEEK_CUR);
+    if (old_offset == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("lseek(fd,0,SEEK_CUR) failed errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+              errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    // Check to see if we're going to seek to a negative offset.
+    // If we're seeking from the beginning or the current mark,
+    // this is simple.
+    if ((seek_whence == SEEK_SET && seek_offset < 0) ||
+        (seek_whence == SEEK_CUR && seek_offset + old_offset < 0))
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else if (seek_whence == SEEK_END && seek_offset < 0)
+    {
+        // We need to determine if we're seeking past the
+        // beginning of the file, but we don't want to adjust
+        // the mark in the process. stat is the only way to
+        // do that.
+        struct stat fileData;
+        int result;
+        
+        result = fstat(iUnixFd, &fileData);
+        if (result == -1)
+        {
+            // It's a bad fd. This shouldn't happen because
+            // we've already called lseek on it, but you
+            // never know. This is the best we can do.
+            palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        if (fileData.st_size < -seek_offset)
+        {
+            // Seeking past the beginning.
+            palError = ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    seek_res = (__int64)lseek( iUnixFd,
+                               seek_offset,
+                               seek_whence );
+    if ( seek_res < 0 )
+    {
+        /* lseek() returns -1 on error, but also can seek to negative
+           file offsets, so -1 can also indicate a successful seek to offset
+           -1.  Win32 doesn't allow negative file offsets, so either case
+           is an error. */
+        ERROR("lseek failed errno:%d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        lseek(iUnixFd, old_offset, SEEK_SET);
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* store high-order DWORD */
+        if ( lpDistanceToMoveHigh )
+            *lpDistanceToMoveHigh = (DWORD)(seek_res >> 32);
+    
+        /* return low-order DWORD of seek result */
+        *lpNewFilePointerLow = (DWORD)seek_res;
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalSetFilePointer(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    LONG lDistanceToMove,
+    PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+    DWORD dwMoveMethod,
+    PLONG lpNewFilePointerLow
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalSetFilePointerExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetFilePointerExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetFilePointerExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = InternalSetFilePointerForUnixFd(
+        pLocalData->unix_fd,
+        lDistanceToMove,
+        lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+        dwMoveMethod,
+        lpNewFilePointerLow
+        );
+    
+InternalSetFilePointerExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetFilePointer
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+SetFilePointer(
+           IN HANDLE hFile,
+           IN LONG lDistanceToMove,
+           IN PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+           IN DWORD dwMoveMethod)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    LONG lNewFilePointerLow = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetFilePointer);
+    ENTRY("SetFilePointer(hFile=%p, lDistance=%d, lpDistanceHigh=%p, "
+          "dwMoveMethod=%#x)\n", hFile, lDistanceToMove,
+          lpDistanceToMoveHigh, dwMoveMethod);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalSetFilePointer(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lDistanceToMove,
+        lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+        dwMoveMethod,
+        &lNewFilePointerLow
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        lNewFilePointerLow = INVALID_SET_FILE_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    /* This function must always call SetLastError - even if successful. 
+       If we seek to a value greater than 2^32 - 1, we will effectively be
+       returning a negative value from this function. Now, let's say that
+       returned value is -1. Furthermore, assume that win32error has been 
+       set before even entering this function. Then, when this function 
+       returns to SetFilePointer in win32native.cs, it will have returned 
+       -1 and win32error will have been set, which will cause an error to be
+       returned. Since -1 may not be an error in this case and since we 
+       can't assume that the win32error is related to SetFilePointer, 
+       we need to always call SetLastError here. That way, if this function 
+       succeeds, SetFilePointer in win32native won't mistakenly determine 
+       that it failed. */
+    pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("SetFilePointer returns DWORD %#x\n", lNewFilePointerLow);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetFilePointer);
+    return lNewFilePointerLow;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetFilePointerEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetFilePointerEx(
+           IN HANDLE hFile,
+           IN LARGE_INTEGER liDistanceToMove,
+           OUT PLARGE_INTEGER lpNewFilePointer,
+           IN DWORD dwMoveMethod)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    BOOL Ret = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetFilePointerEx);
+    ENTRY("SetFilePointerEx(hFile=%p, liDistanceToMove=0x%llx, "
+           "lpNewFilePointer=%p (0x%llx), dwMoveMethod=0x%x)\n", hFile, 
+           liDistanceToMove.QuadPart, lpNewFilePointer, 
+           (lpNewFilePointer) ? (*lpNewFilePointer).QuadPart : 0, dwMoveMethod);
+
+    LONG lDistanceToMove;
+    lDistanceToMove = (LONG)liDistanceToMove.u.LowPart;
+    LONG lDistanceToMoveHigh;
+    lDistanceToMoveHigh = liDistanceToMove.u.HighPart;
+
+    LONG lNewFilePointerLow = 0;
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalSetFilePointer(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lDistanceToMove,
+        &lDistanceToMoveHigh,
+        dwMoveMethod,
+        &lNewFilePointerLow
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (lpNewFilePointer != NULL)
+        {
+            lpNewFilePointer->u.LowPart = (DWORD)lNewFilePointerLow;
+            lpNewFilePointer->u.HighPart = (DWORD)lDistanceToMoveHigh;
+        }
+        Ret = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("SetFilePointerEx returns BOOL %d\n", Ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetFilePointerEx);
+    return Ret;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalGetFileSize(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    DWORD *pdwFileSizeLow,
+    DWORD *pdwFileSizeHigh
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    struct stat stat_data;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalGetFileSizeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileSizeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileSizeExit;
+    }
+
+    if (fstat(pLocalData->unix_fd, &stat_data) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("fstat failed of file descriptor %d\n", pLocalData->unix_fd);
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalGetFileSizeExit;
+    }
+
+    *pdwFileSizeLow = (DWORD)stat_data.st_size;
+    
+    if (NULL != pdwFileSizeHigh)
+    {
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > 4
+        *pdwFileSizeHigh = (DWORD)(stat_data.st_size >> 32);
+#else
+        *pdwFileSizeHigh = 0;
+#endif
+    }
+
+InternalGetFileSizeExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileSize
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFileSize(
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        OUT LPDWORD lpFileSizeHigh)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD dwFileSizeLow;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileSize);
+    ENTRY("GetFileSize(hFile=%p, lpFileSizeHigh=%p)\n", hFile, lpFileSizeHigh);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetFileSize(
+        pThread,
+        hFile, 
+        &dwFileSizeLow,
+        lpFileSizeHigh
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+        dwFileSizeLow = INVALID_FILE_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileSize returns DWORD %u\n", dwFileSizeLow);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileSize);
+    return dwFileSizeLow;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetFileSizeEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI GetFileSizeEx(
+IN   HANDLE hFile,
+OUT  PLARGE_INTEGER lpFileSize)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD dwFileSizeHigh;
+    DWORD dwFileSizeLow;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileSizeEx);
+    ENTRY("GetFileSizeEx(hFile=%p, lpFileSize=%p)\n", hFile, lpFileSize);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpFileSize != NULL)
+    {
+        palError = InternalGetFileSize(
+            pThread,
+            hFile,
+            &dwFileSizeLow,
+            &dwFileSizeHigh
+            );
+
+        lpFileSize->u.LowPart = dwFileSizeLow;
+        lpFileSize->u.HighPart = dwFileSizeHigh;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileSizeEx returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileSizeEx);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalFlushFileBuffers(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalFlushFileBuffersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_WRITE,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalFlushFileBuffersExit;
+    }
+    
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalFlushFileBuffersExit;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE)
+    {
+        ERROR("File open for device access only\n");
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto InternalFlushFileBuffersExit;
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_FSYNC || defined(__APPLE__)
+    do
+    {
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+        if (fcntl(pLocalData->unix_fd, F_FULLFSYNC) != -1)
+            break;
+#else // __APPLE__
+        if (fsync(pLocalData->unix_fd) == 0)
+            break;
+#endif // __APPLE__
+            
+        switch (errno)
+        {
+        case EINTR:
+            // Execution was interrupted by a signal, so restart.
+            TRACE("fsync(%d) was interrupted. Restarting\n", pLocalData->unix_fd);
+            break;
+            
+        default:
+            palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+            WARN("fsync(%d) failed with error %d\n", pLocalData->unix_fd, errno);
+            break;
+        }
+    } while (NO_ERROR == palError);    
+#else // HAVE_FSYNC
+    /* flush all buffers out to disk - there is no way to flush
+       an individual file descriptor's buffers out. */
+    sync();
+#endif // HAVE_FSYNC else
+    
+
+InternalFlushFileBuffersExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FlushFileBuffers
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FlushFileBuffers(
+         IN HANDLE hFile)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FlushFileBuffers);
+    ENTRY("FlushFileBuffers(hFile=%p)\n", hFile);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalFlushFileBuffers(
+        pThread,
+        hFile
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FlushFileBuffers returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(FlushFileBuffers);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalGetFileType(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    DWORD *pdwFileType
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    struct stat stat_data;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalGetFileTypeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileTypeExit;
+    }
+    
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileTypeExit;
+    }
+
+    if (pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE)
+    {
+        ERROR("File open for device access only\n");
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto InternalGetFileTypeExit;
+    }
+
+    if (fstat(pLocalData->unix_fd, &stat_data) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("fstat failed of file descriptor %d\n", pLocalData->unix_fd);
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalGetFileTypeExit;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("st_mode & S_IFMT = %#x\n", stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT);
+    if (S_ISREG(stat_data.st_mode) || S_ISDIR(stat_data.st_mode))
+    {
+        *pdwFileType = FILE_TYPE_DISK;
+    }
+    else if (S_ISCHR(stat_data.st_mode))
+    {
+        *pdwFileType = FILE_TYPE_CHAR;
+    }
+    else if (S_ISFIFO(stat_data.st_mode))
+    {
+        *pdwFileType = FILE_TYPE_PIPE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *pdwFileType = FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+    
+
+InternalGetFileTypeExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileType
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFileType(
+        IN HANDLE hFile)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD dwFileType;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileType);
+    ENTRY("GetFileType(hFile=%p)\n", hFile);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetFileType(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &dwFileType
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        dwFileType = FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    else if (FILE_TYPE_UNKNOWN == dwFileType)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileType returns DWORD %#x\n", dwFileType);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileType);
+    return dwFileType;
+}
+
+#define ENSURE_UNIQUE_NOT_ZERO \
+    if ( uUniqueSeed == 0 ) \
+    {\
+        uUniqueSeed++;\
+    }
+
+/*++
+ Function:
+   GetTempFileNameA
+
+uUnique is always 0.
+ --*/
+const int MAX_PREFIX        = 3;
+const int MAX_SEEDSIZE      = 8; /* length of "unique portion of 
+                                   the string, plus extension(FFFF.TMP). */
+static USHORT uUniqueSeed   = 0;
+static BOOL IsInitialized   = FALSE;
+
+UINT
+PALAPI
+GetTempFileNameA(
+                 IN LPCSTR lpPathName,
+                 IN LPCSTR lpPrefixString,
+                 IN UINT   uUnique,
+                 OUT LPSTR lpTempFileName)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CHAR * full_name;
+    PathCharString full_namePS;
+    int length;
+    CHAR * file_template;
+    PathCharString file_templatePS;
+    CHAR    chLastPathNameChar;
+ 
+    HANDLE  hTempFile;
+    UINT    uRet = 0;
+    DWORD   dwError;
+    USHORT  uLoopCounter = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetTempFileNameA);
+    ENTRY("GetTempFileNameA(lpPathName=%p (%s), lpPrefixString=%p (%s), uUnique=%u, " 
+          "lpTempFileName=%p)\n",  lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL",  lpPathName?lpPathName:"NULL", 
+        lpPrefixString?lpPrefixString:"NULL", 
+        lpPrefixString?lpPrefixString:"NULL", uUnique, 
+        lpTempFileName?lpTempFileName:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if ( !IsInitialized )
+    {
+        uUniqueSeed = (USHORT)( time( NULL ) );
+    
+        /* On the off chance 0 is returned.
+        0 being the error return code.  */
+        ENSURE_UNIQUE_NOT_ZERO
+        IsInitialized = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if ( !lpPathName || *lpPathName == '\0' )
+    {
+       pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_DIRECTORY );
+       goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( NULL == lpTempFileName )  
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpTempFileName cannot be NULL\n" );
+        pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( strlen( lpPathName ) + MAX_SEEDSIZE + MAX_PREFIX >= MAX_LONGPATH ) 
+    {
+        WARN( "File names larger than MAX_LONGPATH (%d)!\n", MAX_LONGPATH );
+        pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    length = strlen(lpPathName) + MAX_SEEDSIZE + MAX_PREFIX + 10;
+    file_template = file_templatePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == file_template)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    *file_template = '\0';
+    strcat_s( file_template, file_templatePS.GetSizeOf(), lpPathName );
+    file_templatePS.CloseBuffer(length);
+
+    chLastPathNameChar = file_template[strlen(file_template)-1];
+    if (chLastPathNameChar != '\\' && chLastPathNameChar != '/')
+    {
+        strcat_s( file_template, file_templatePS.GetSizeOf(), "\\" );
+    }
+    
+    if ( lpPrefixString )
+    {
+        strncat_s( file_template, file_templatePS.GetSizeOf(), lpPrefixString, MAX_PREFIX );
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( file_template );
+    strncat_s( file_template, file_templatePS.GetSizeOf(), "%.4x.TMP", MAX_SEEDSIZE );
+
+    /* Create the file. */
+    dwError = GetLastError();
+    pThread->SetLastError( NOERROR );
+
+    length = strlen(file_template) + MAX_SEEDSIZE + MAX_PREFIX;
+    full_name = full_namePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == full_name)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    sprintf_s( full_name, full_namePS.GetSizeOf(), file_template, (0 == uUnique) ? uUniqueSeed : uUnique);
+    full_namePS.CloseBuffer(length);
+    
+    hTempFile = CreateFileA( full_name, GENERIC_WRITE, 
+                             FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_NEW, 0, NULL );
+    
+    if (uUnique == 0)
+    {
+        /* The USHORT will overflow back to 0 if we go past
+        65536 files, so break the loop after 65536 iterations.
+        If the CreateFile call was not successful within that 
+        number of iterations, then there are no temp file names
+        left for that directory. */
+        while ( ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND != GetLastError() && 
+                INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hTempFile && uLoopCounter < 0xFFFF )
+        {
+            uUniqueSeed++;
+            ENSURE_UNIQUE_NOT_ZERO;
+
+            pThread->SetLastError( NOERROR );
+            sprintf_s( full_name, full_namePS.GetSizeOf(), file_template, uUniqueSeed );
+            hTempFile = CreateFileA( full_name, GENERIC_WRITE, 
+                                    FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL, CREATE_NEW, 0, NULL );
+            uLoopCounter++;
+        
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Reset the error code.*/
+    if ( NOERROR == GetLastError() )
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError( dwError );
+    }
+
+    /* Windows sets ERROR_FILE_EXISTS,if there
+    are no available temp files. */
+    if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hTempFile )
+    {
+        if (0 == uUnique)
+        {
+            uRet = uUniqueSeed;
+            uUniqueSeed++;
+            ENSURE_UNIQUE_NOT_ZERO;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            uRet = uUnique;
+        }
+        
+        if ( CloseHandle( hTempFile ) )
+        {
+            if (strcpy_s( lpTempFileName, MAX_LONGPATH, full_name ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR( "strcpy_s failed!\n");
+                pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE );
+                *lpTempFileName = '\0';
+                uRet = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else  
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to close the handle %p\n", hTempFile );
+            pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            *lpTempFileName = '\0';
+            uRet = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hTempFile && uLoopCounter < 0xFFFF )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to create temp file. \n" );
+        uRet = 0;
+        
+        if ( ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND == GetLastError() )
+        {
+            /* CreateFile failed because it could not 
+            find the path. */
+            pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_DIRECTORY );
+        } /* else use the lasterror value from CreateFileA */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE( "65535 files already exist in the directory. "
+               "No temp files available for creation.\n" );
+        pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_FILE_EXISTS );
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetTempFileNameA returns UINT %u\n", uRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetTempFileNameA);
+    return uRet;
+       
+}
+        
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetTempFileNameW
+
+uUnique is always 0.
+--*/
+UINT
+PALAPI
+GetTempFileNameW(
+         IN LPCWSTR lpPathName,
+         IN LPCWSTR lpPrefixString,
+         IN UINT uUnique,
+         OUT LPWSTR lpTempFileName)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    INT path_size = 0;
+    INT prefix_size = 0;
+    CHAR * full_name;
+    CHAR * prefix_string;
+    CHAR * tempfile_name;
+    PathCharString full_namePS, prefix_stringPS;
+    INT length = 0;
+    UINT   uRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetTempFileNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetTempFileNameW(lpPathName=%p (%S), lpPrefixString=%p (%S), uUnique=%u, "
+          "lpTempFileName=%p)\n", lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpPathName?lpPathName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpPrefixString?lpPrefixString:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpPrefixString?lpPrefixString:W16_NULLSTRING,uUnique, lpTempFileName);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    /* Sanity checks. */
+    if ( !lpPathName || *lpPathName == '\0' )
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError( ERROR_DIRECTORY );
+        uRet = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    length = (PAL_wcslen(lpPathName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+    full_name = full_namePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == full_name)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        uRet = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    path_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPathName, -1, full_name,
+                                     length, NULL, NULL );
+                                     
+    if( path_size == 0 )
+    {
+        full_namePS.CloseBuffer(0);
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        uRet = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    full_namePS.CloseBuffer(path_size - 1);
+    
+    if (lpPrefixString != NULL) 
+    {
+        length = (PAL_wcslen(lpPrefixString)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthFactor;
+        prefix_string = prefix_stringPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == prefix_string)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            uRet = 0;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        prefix_size = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpPrefixString, -1, 
+                                           prefix_string,
+                                           MAX_LONGPATH - path_size - MAX_SEEDSIZE, 
+                                           NULL, NULL );
+        
+        if( prefix_size == 0 )
+        {
+            prefix_stringPS.CloseBuffer(0);
+            DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            uRet = 0;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        prefix_stringPS.CloseBuffer(prefix_size - 1);
+    }
+    
+    tempfile_name = (char*)InternalMalloc(MAX_LONGPATH);
+    if (tempfile_name == NULL)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        uRet = 0;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    uRet = GetTempFileNameA(full_name, 
+                            (lpPrefixString == NULL) ? NULL : prefix_string,
+                            0, tempfile_name);
+    if (uRet)
+    {                    
+        path_size = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, tempfile_name, -1, 
+                                           lpTempFileName, MAX_LONGPATH );
+
+        free(tempfile_name);
+        tempfile_name = NULL;
+        if (!path_size)
+        {
+            DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+            if (dwLastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+            {
+                WARN("File names larger than MAX_PATH_FNAME (%d)! \n", MAX_LONGPATH);
+                dwLastError = ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure! error is %d", dwLastError);     
+                dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+            pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+            uRet = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetTempFileNameW returns UINT %u\n", uRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetTempFileNameW);
+    return uRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno
+
+Convert errno into the appropriate win32 error and return it.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno( void )
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    switch(errno)
+    {
+    case 0:
+        dwRet = ERROR_SUCCESS; 
+        break;
+    case ENAMETOOLONG:
+        dwRet = ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE;
+        break;
+    case ENOTDIR:
+        dwRet = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND; 
+        break;
+    case ENOENT:
+        dwRet = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND; 
+        break;
+    case EACCES:
+    case EPERM:
+    case EROFS:
+    case EISDIR:
+        dwRet = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED; 
+        break;
+    case EEXIST:
+        dwRet = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS; 
+        break;
+#if !defined(_AIX)
+    // ENOTEMPTY is the same as EEXIST on AIX. Meaningful when involving directory operations
+    case ENOTEMPTY:
+        dwRet = ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY; 
+        break;
+#endif
+    case EBADF:
+        dwRet = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE; 
+        break;
+    case ENOMEM:
+        dwRet = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY; 
+        break;
+    case EBUSY:
+        dwRet = ERROR_BUSY;
+        break;
+    case ENOSPC:
+    case EDQUOT:
+        dwRet = ERROR_DISK_FULL;
+        break;
+    case ELOOP:
+        dwRet = ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME;
+        break;
+    case EIO:
+        dwRet = ERROR_WRITE_FAULT;
+        break;
+    case ERANGE:
+        dwRet = ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME;
+        break;
+    default:
+        ERROR("unexpected errno %d (%s); returning ERROR_GEN_FAILURE\n",
+              errno, strerror(errno));
+        dwRet = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("errno = %d (%s), LastError = %d\n", errno, strerror(errno), dwRet);
+
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno
+
+Convert errno into the appropriate win32 error and return it.
+--*/
+DWORD DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno( void )
+{
+    if (errno == ENOENT)
+        return ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+    else
+        return FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CopyFileA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes:
+  There are several (most) error paths here that do not call SetLastError().
+This is because we know that CreateFile, ReadFile, and WriteFile will do so,
+and will have a much better idea of the specific error.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CopyFileA(
+      IN LPCSTR lpExistingFileName,
+      IN LPCSTR lpNewFileName,
+      IN BOOL bFailIfExists)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    HANDLE       hSource = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    HANDLE       hDest = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    DWORD        dwDestCreationMode;
+    BOOL         bGood = FALSE;
+    DWORD        dwSrcFileAttributes;
+    struct stat  SrcFileStats;
+    
+    LPSTR lpUnixPath = NULL;
+    const int    buffer_size = 16*1024;
+    char        *buffer = (char*)alloca(buffer_size);
+    DWORD        bytes_read;
+    DWORD        bytes_written;
+    int          permissions;
+
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CopyFileA);
+    ENTRY("CopyFileA(lpExistingFileName=%p (%s), lpNewFileName=%p (%s), bFailIfExists=%d)\n",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpExistingFileName?lpExistingFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL",
+          lpNewFileName?lpNewFileName:"NULL", bFailIfExists);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if ( bFailIfExists )
+    {
+        dwDestCreationMode = CREATE_NEW;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dwDestCreationMode = CREATE_ALWAYS;
+    }
+    
+    hSource = CreateFileA( lpExistingFileName,
+               GENERIC_READ,
+               FILE_SHARE_READ,
+               NULL,
+               OPEN_EXISTING,
+               0,
+               NULL );
+
+    if ( hSource == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
+    {
+        ERROR("CreateFileA failed for %s\n", lpExistingFileName);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Need to preserve the file attributes */
+    dwSrcFileAttributes = GetFileAttributes(lpExistingFileName);
+    if (dwSrcFileAttributes == 0xffffffff)
+    {
+        ERROR("GetFileAttributes failed for %s\n", lpExistingFileName);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Need to preserve the owner/group and chmod() flags */
+    lpUnixPath = strdup(lpExistingFileName);
+    if ( lpUnixPath == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("strdup() failed\n");
+        pThread->SetLastError(FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno());
+        goto done;
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpUnixPath);
+    if (stat (lpUnixPath, &SrcFileStats) == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("stat() failed for %s\n", lpExistingFileName);
+        pThread->SetLastError(FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(lpUnixPath));
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    hDest = CreateFileA( lpNewFileName,
+             GENERIC_WRITE,
+             FILE_SHARE_READ,
+             NULL,
+             dwDestCreationMode,
+             0,
+             NULL );
+
+    if ( hDest == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
+    {
+        ERROR("CreateFileA failed for %s\n", lpNewFileName);    
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    free(lpUnixPath);
+    lpUnixPath = strdup(lpNewFileName);
+    if ( lpUnixPath == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("strdup() failed\n");
+        pThread->SetLastError(FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno());
+        goto done;
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( lpUnixPath );
+    
+ 
+    // We don't set file attributes in CreateFile. The only attribute
+    // that is reflected on disk in Unix is read-only, and we set that
+    // here.
+    permissions = (S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+    if ((dwSrcFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) != 0)
+    {
+        permissions &= ~(S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure the new file has the same chmod() flags. */
+    if (chmod(lpUnixPath, SrcFileStats.st_mode & permissions) == -1)
+    {
+        WARN ("chmod() failed to set mode 0x%x on new file\n",
+              SrcFileStats.st_mode & permissions);
+        pThread->SetLastError(FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(lpUnixPath));
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    while( (bGood = ReadFile( hSource, buffer, buffer_size, &bytes_read, NULL ))
+           && bytes_read > 0 )
+    {
+        bGood = ( WriteFile( hDest, buffer, bytes_read, &bytes_written, NULL )
+          && bytes_written == bytes_read);
+        if (!bGood) break;
+    }
+
+    if (!bGood)
+    {
+        ERROR("Copy failed\n");
+
+        if ( !CloseHandle(hDest) ||
+             !DeleteFileA(lpNewFileName) )
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to clean up partial copy\n");
+        }
+        hDest = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+done:
+
+    if ( hSource != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) 
+    {
+        CloseHandle( hSource );
+    }
+    if ( hDest != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
+    {
+        CloseHandle( hDest );
+    }
+    if (lpUnixPath) 
+    {
+        free(lpUnixPath);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CopyFileA returns BOOL %d\n", bGood);
+    PERF_EXIT(CopyFileA);
+    return bGood;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetFileAttributesA
+
+Notes:
+  Used for setting read-only attribute on file only.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetFileAttributesA(
+           IN LPCSTR lpFileName,
+           IN DWORD dwFileAttributes)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    struct stat stat_data;
+    mode_t new_mode;
+
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    LPSTR unixFileName = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetFileAttributesA);
+    ENTRY("SetFileAttributesA(lpFileName=%p (%s), dwFileAttributes=%#x)\n",
+        lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL",
+        lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", dwFileAttributes);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* Windows behavior for SetFileAttributes is that any valid attributes
+    are set on a file and any invalid attributes are ignored. SetFileAttributes 
+    returns success and does not set an error even if some or all of the 
+    attributes are invalid. If all the attributes are invalid, SetFileAttributes
+    sets a file's attribute to NORMAL. */
+
+    /* If dwFileAttributes does not contain READONLY or NORMAL, set it to NORMAL
+    and print a warning message. */
+    if ( !(dwFileAttributes & (FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY |FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL)) )
+    {
+        dwFileAttributes = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+        WARN("dwFileAttributes(%#x) contains attributes that are either not supported "
+            "or cannot be set via SetFileAttributes.\n");
+    }
+     
+    if ( (dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL) &&
+         (dwFileAttributes != FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL) )
+    {
+        WARN("Ignoring FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL -- it must be used alone\n");
+    }
+
+    if (lpFileName == NULL)
+    {
+        dwLastError = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ((unixFileName = strdup(lpFileName)) == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("strdup() failed\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( unixFileName );
+    if ( stat(unixFileName, &stat_data) != 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE("stat failed on %s; errno is %d (%s)\n", 
+             unixFileName, errno, strerror(errno));
+        dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(unixFileName);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    new_mode = stat_data.st_mode;
+    TRACE("st_mode is %#x\n", new_mode);
+
+    /* if we can't do GetFileAttributes on it, don't do SetFileAttributes */
+    if ( !(new_mode & S_IFREG) && !(new_mode & S_IFDIR) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Not a regular file or directory, S_IFMT is %#x\n",
+              new_mode & S_IFMT);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;    
+    }
+
+    /* set or unset the "read-only" attribute */
+    if (dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)
+    {
+        /* remove the write bit from everybody */
+        new_mode &= ~(S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP | S_IWOTH);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* give write permission to the owner if the owner
+         * already has read permission */
+        if ( new_mode & S_IRUSR )
+        {
+            new_mode |= S_IWUSR;
+        }
+    }
+    TRACE("new mode is %#x\n", new_mode);
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+    if ( new_mode != stat_data.st_mode )
+    {
+        if ( chmod(unixFileName, new_mode) != 0 )
+        {
+            ERROR("chmod(%s, %#x) failed\n", unixFileName, new_mode);
+            dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrnoAndFilename(unixFileName);
+            bRet = FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+    
+    free(unixFileName);
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetFileAttributesA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetFileAttributesA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreatePipe(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE *phReadPipe,
+    HANDLE *phWritePipe,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpPipeAttributes,
+    DWORD nSize
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pReadFileObject = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pReadRegisteredFile = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pWriteFileObject = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pWriteRegisteredFile = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oaFile(NULL, lpPipeAttributes);
+        
+    int readWritePipeDes[2] = {-1, -1};
+
+    if ((phReadPipe == NULL) || (phWritePipe == NULL))
+    {
+        ERROR("One of the two parameters hReadPipe(%p) and hWritePipe(%p) is Null\n",phReadPipe,phWritePipe);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    if ((lpPipeAttributes == NULL) || 
+        (lpPipeAttributes->bInheritHandle == FALSE) ||
+        (lpPipeAttributes->lpSecurityDescriptor != NULL))
+    {
+        ASSERT("invalid security attributes!\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    if (pipe(readWritePipeDes) == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("pipe() call failed errno:%d (%s) \n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    /* enable close-on-exec for both pipes; if one gets passed to CreateProcess
+       it will be "uncloseonexeced" in order to be inherited */
+    if(-1 == fcntl(readWritePipeDes[0],F_SETFD,1))
+    {
+        ASSERT("can't set close-on-exec flag; fcntl() failed. errno is %d "
+             "(%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+    if(-1 == fcntl(readWritePipeDes[1],F_SETFD,1))
+    {
+        ASSERT("can't set close-on-exec flag; fcntl() failed. errno is %d "
+             "(%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Setup the object for the read end of the pipe
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otFile,
+        &oaFile,
+        &pReadFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pReadFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->inheritable = TRUE;
+    pLocalData->open_flags = O_RDONLY;
+
+    //
+    // After storing the file descriptor in the object's local data
+    // we want to clear it from the array to prevent a possible double
+    // close if an error occurs.
+    //
+
+    pLocalData->unix_fd = readWritePipeDes[0];
+    readWritePipeDes[0] = -1;
+
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pDataLock = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Setup the object for the write end of the pipe
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otFile,
+        &oaFile,
+        &pWriteFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pWriteFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->inheritable = TRUE;
+    pLocalData->open_flags = O_WRONLY;
+
+    //
+    // After storing the file descriptor in the object's local data
+    // we want to clear it from the array to prevent a possible double
+    // close if an error occurs.
+    //
+
+    pLocalData->unix_fd = readWritePipeDes[1];
+    readWritePipeDes[1] = -1;
+
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pDataLock = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Register the pipe objects
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pReadFileObject,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        phReadPipe,
+        &pReadRegisteredFile
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pReadFileObject is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+
+    pReadFileObject = NULL;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreatePipeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pWriteFileObject,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_WRITE,
+        phWritePipe,
+        &pWriteRegisteredFile
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pWriteFileObject is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+
+    pWriteFileObject = NULL;
+    
+InternalCreatePipeExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (-1 != readWritePipeDes[0])
+        {
+            close(readWritePipeDes[0]);
+        }
+
+        if (-1 != readWritePipeDes[1])
+        {
+            close(readWritePipeDes[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pReadFileObject)
+    {
+        pReadFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pReadRegisteredFile)
+    {
+        pReadRegisteredFile->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pWriteFileObject)
+    {
+        pWriteFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pWriteRegisteredFile)
+    {
+        pWriteRegisteredFile->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreatePipe
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CreatePipe(
+        OUT PHANDLE hReadPipe,
+        OUT PHANDLE hWritePipe,
+        IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpPipeAttributes,
+        IN DWORD nSize)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreatePipe);
+    ENTRY("CreatePipe(hReadPipe:%p, hWritePipe:%p, lpPipeAttributes:%p, nSize:%d\n",
+          hReadPipe, hWritePipe, lpPipeAttributes, nSize);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreatePipe(
+        pThread,
+        hReadPipe,
+        hWritePipe,
+        lpPipeAttributes,
+        nSize
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreatePipe return %s\n", NO_ERROR == palError ? "TRUE":"FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(CreatePipe);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalLockFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalLockFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalLockFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalLockFileExit;
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != pLocalData->pLockController)
+    {
+        palError = pLocalData->pLockController->CreateFileLock(
+            pThread,
+            dwFileOffsetLow,
+            dwFileOffsetHigh,
+            nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+            nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+            IFileLockController::ExclusiveFileLock,
+            IFileLockController::FailImmediately
+            );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // This isn't a lockable file (e.g., it may be a pipe)
+        //
+        
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto InternalLockFileExit;
+    }
+
+InternalLockFileExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LockFile
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+LockFile(HANDLE hFile,
+         DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+         DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+         DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+         DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(LockFile);
+    ENTRY("LockFile(hFile:%p, offsetLow:%u, offsetHigh:%u, nbBytesLow:%u,"
+           " nbBytesHigh:%u\n", hFile, dwFileOffsetLow, dwFileOffsetHigh, 
+          nNumberOfBytesToLockLow, nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalLockFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        dwFileOffsetLow,
+        dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+        nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("LockFile returns %s\n", NO_ERROR == palError ? "TRUE":"FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(LockFile);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalUnlockFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalUnlockFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalUnlockFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalUnlockFileExit;
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != pLocalData->pLockController)
+    {
+        palError = pLocalData->pLockController->ReleaseFileLock(
+            pThread,
+            dwFileOffsetLow,
+            dwFileOffsetHigh,
+            nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+            nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+            );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // This isn't a lockable file (e.g., it may be a pipe)
+        //
+        
+        palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto InternalUnlockFileExit;
+    }
+
+InternalUnlockFileExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UnlockFile
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+UnlockFile(HANDLE hFile,
+           DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+           DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+           DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+           DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(UnlockFile);
+    ENTRY("UnlockFile(hFile:%p, offsetLow:%u, offsetHigh:%u, nbBytesLow:%u,"
+          "nbBytesHigh:%u\n", hFile, dwFileOffsetLow, dwFileOffsetHigh, 
+          nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow, nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalUnlockFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        dwFileOffsetLow,
+        dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+        nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("UnlockFile returns %s\n", NO_ERROR == palError ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(UnlockFile);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+init_std_handle [static]
+
+utility function for FILEInitStdHandles. do the work that is common to all 
+three standard handles
+
+Parameters:
+    HANDLE pStd : Defines which standard handle to assign
+    FILE *stream        : file stream to associate to handle
+
+Return value:
+    handle for specified stream, or INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE on failure
+--*/
+static HANDLE init_std_handle(HANDLE * pStd, FILE *stream)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pRegisteredFile = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IFileLockController *pLockController = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+
+    HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    int new_fd = -1;
+
+    /* duplicate the FILE *, so that we can fclose() in FILECloseHandle without
+       closing the original */
+    new_fd = dup(fileno(stream));
+    if(-1 == new_fd)
+    {
+        ERROR("dup() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otFile,
+        &oa,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->inheritable = TRUE;
+    pLocalData->unix_fd = new_fd;
+    pLocalData->dwDesiredAccess = 0;
+    pLocalData->open_flags = 0;
+    pLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly = FALSE;
+
+    //
+    // Transfer the lock controller reference from our local variable
+    // to the local file data
+    //
+
+    pLocalData->pLockController = pLockController;
+    pLockController = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // We've finished initializing our local data, so release that lock
+    //
+
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pDataLock = NULL;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pFileObject,
+        &aotFile, 
+        0,
+        &hFile,
+        &pRegisteredFile
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pFileObject is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+
+    pFileObject = NULL;
+
+done:
+
+    if (NULL != pLockController)
+    {
+        pLockController->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pRegisteredFile)
+    {
+        pRegisteredFile->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        *pStd = hFile;
+    }
+    else if (-1 != new_fd)
+    {
+        close(new_fd);
+    }
+
+    return hFile;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+FILEInitStdHandles
+
+Create handle objects for stdin, stdout and stderr
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+--*/
+BOOL FILEInitStdHandles(void)
+{
+    HANDLE stdin_handle;
+    HANDLE stdout_handle;
+    HANDLE stderr_handle;
+
+    TRACE("creating handle objects for stdin, stdout, stderr\n");
+
+    stdin_handle = init_std_handle(&pStdIn, stdin);
+    if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == stdin_handle)
+    {
+        ERROR("failed to create stdin handle\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    stdout_handle = init_std_handle(&pStdOut, stdout);
+    if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == stdout_handle)
+    {
+        ERROR("failed to create stdout handle\n");
+        CloseHandle(stdin_handle);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    stderr_handle = init_std_handle(&pStdErr, stderr);
+    if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == stderr_handle)
+    {
+        ERROR("failed to create stderr handle\n");
+        CloseHandle(stdin_handle);
+        CloseHandle(stdout_handle);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+
+fail:
+    pStdIn = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    pStdOut = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    pStdErr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+FILECleanupStdHandles
+
+Remove all regions, locked by a file pointer, from shared memory
+
+(no parameters)
+
+--*/
+void FILECleanupStdHandles(void)
+{
+    HANDLE stdin_handle;
+    HANDLE stdout_handle;
+    HANDLE stderr_handle;
+
+    TRACE("closing standard handles\n");
+    stdin_handle = pStdIn;
+    stdout_handle = pStdOut;
+    stderr_handle = pStdErr;
+
+    pStdIn = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    pStdOut = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    pStdErr = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    if (stdin_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(stdin_handle);
+    }
+
+    if (stdout_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(stdout_handle);
+    }
+
+    if (stderr_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(stderr_handle);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileInformationByHandle
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetFileInformationByHandle(
+             IN HANDLE hFile,
+             OUT LPBY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION lpFileInformation)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    DWORD dwAttr = 0;
+    struct stat stat_data;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileInformationByHandle);
+    ENTRY("GetFileInformationByHandle(hFile=%p, lpFileInformation=%p)\n",
+          hFile, lpFileInformation);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    dwLastError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != dwLastError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    dwLastError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != dwLastError)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( fstat(pLocalData->unix_fd, &stat_data) != 0 )
+    {
+        if ((dwLastError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno()) == ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR)
+        {
+            ASSERT("fstat() not expected to fail with errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                   errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
+    {
+        dwAttr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY;
+    }
+    else if ( (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) != S_IFREG )
+    {
+        ERROR("Not a regular file or directory, S_IFMT is %#x\n", 
+              stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT);
+        dwLastError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet( &stat_data ) )
+    {
+        dwAttr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    }
+
+    /* finally, if nothing is set... */
+    if ( dwAttr == 0 )
+    {
+        dwAttr = FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL;
+    }
+
+    lpFileInformation->dwFileAttributes = dwAttr;
+
+    /* get the file times */
+    lpFileInformation->ftCreationTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_ctime,
+                                ST_CTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+    lpFileInformation->ftLastAccessTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_atime,
+                                ST_ATIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+    lpFileInformation->ftLastWriteTime =
+        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_mtime,
+                                ST_MTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+
+    lpFileInformation->dwVolumeSerialNumber = stat_data.st_dev;
+
+    /* Get the file size. GetFileSize is not used because it gets the
+       size of an already-open file */
+    lpFileInformation->nFileSizeLow = (DWORD) stat_data.st_size;
+#if SIZEOF_OFF_T > 4
+    lpFileInformation->nFileSizeHigh = (DWORD)(stat_data.st_size >> 32);
+#else
+    lpFileInformation->nFileSizeHigh = 0;
+#endif
+
+    lpFileInformation->nNumberOfLinks = stat_data.st_nlink;
+    lpFileInformation->nFileIndexHigh = 0;
+    lpFileInformation->nFileIndexLow = stat_data.st_ino;
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (dwLastError) pThread->SetLastError(dwLastError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileInformationByHandle returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileInformationByHandle);
+    return bRet;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/filetime.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/filetime.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a8666b0dff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/filetime.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    filetime.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the file WIN API related to file time.
+
+Notes:
+
+One very important thing to note is that on BSD systems, the stat structure
+stores nanoseconds for the time-related fields. This is implemented by
+replacing the time_t fields st_atime, st_mtime, and st_ctime by timespec
+structures, instead named st_atimespec, st_mtimespec, and st_ctimespec.
+
+However, if _POSIX_SOURCE is defined, the fields are time_t values and use
+their POSIX names. For compatibility purposes, when _POSIX_SOURCE is NOT
+defined, the time-related fields are defined in sys/stat.h as:
+
+#ifndef _POSIX_SOURCE
+#define st_atime st_atimespec.tv_sec
+#define st_mtime st_mtimespec.tv_sec
+#define st_ctime st_ctimespec.tv_sec
+#endif
+
+Furthermore, if _POSIX_SOURCE is defined, the structure still has
+additional fields for nanoseconds, named st_atimensec, st_mtimensec, and
+st_ctimensec.
+
+In the PAL, there is a configure check to see if the system supports
+nanoseconds for the time-related fields. This source file also sets macros
+so that STAT_ATIME_NSEC etc. will always refer to the appropriate field
+if it exists, and are defined as 0 otherwise.
+
+--
+
+Also note that there is no analog to "creation time" on Unix systems.
+Instead, we use the inode change time, which is set to the current time
+whenever mtime changes or when chmod, chown, etc. syscalls modify the
+file status.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/filetime.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <utime.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+/* Magic number explanation:
+
+   To 1970:
+   Both epochs are Gregorian. 1970 - 1601 = 369. Assuming a leap
+   year every four years, 369 / 4 = 92. However, 1700, 1800, and 1900
+   were NOT leap years, so 89 leap years, 280 non-leap years.
+   89 * 366 + 280 * 365 = 134744 days between epochs. Of course
+   60 * 60 * 24 = 86400 seconds per day, so 134744 * 86400 =
+   11644473600 = SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_1970_EPOCHS.
+   
+   To 2001:
+   Again, both epochs are Gregorian. 2001 - 1601 = 400. Assuming a leap
+   year every four years, 400 / 4 = 100. However, 1700, 1800, and 1900
+   were NOT leap years (2000 was because it was divisible by 400), so 
+   97 leap years, 303 non-leap years.
+   97 * 366 + 303 * 365 = 146097 days between epochs. 146097 * 86400 =
+   12622780800 = SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_2001_EPOCHS.
+
+   This result is also confirmed in the MSDN documentation on how
+   to convert a time_t value to a win32 FILETIME.
+*/
+static const __int64 SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_1970_EPOCHS = 11644473600LL;
+static const __int64 SECS_TO_100NS = 10000000; /* 10^7 */
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+static const __int64 SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_2001_EPOCHS = 12622780800LL;
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CompareFileTime
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LONG
+PALAPI
+CompareFileTime(
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpFileTime1,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpFileTime2)
+{
+    __int64 First;
+    __int64 Second;
+
+    long Ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CompareFileTime);
+    ENTRY("CompareFileTime(lpFileTime1=%p lpFileTime2=%p)\n", 
+          lpFileTime1, lpFileTime2);
+
+    First = ((__int64)lpFileTime1->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
+        lpFileTime1->dwLowDateTime;
+    Second = ((__int64)lpFileTime2->dwHighDateTime << 32) +
+        lpFileTime2->dwLowDateTime;
+
+    if ( First < Second )
+    {
+        Ret = -1;
+    }
+    else if ( First > Second )
+    {
+        Ret = 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Ret = 0;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("CompareFileTime returns LONG %ld\n", Ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(CompareFileTime);
+    return Ret;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetFileTime
+
+Notes: This function will drop one digit (radix 10) of precision from
+the supplied times, since Unix can set to the microsecond (at most, i.e.
+if the futimes() function is available).
+
+As noted in the file header, there is no analog to "creation time" on Unix
+systems, so the lpCreationTime argument to this function will always be
+ignored, and the inode change time will be set to the current time.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetFileTime(
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpCreationTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastAccessTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastWriteTime)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    const UINT64 MAX_FILETIMEVALUE = 0x8000000000000000LL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetFileTime);
+    ENTRY("SetFileTime(hFile=%p, lpCreationTime=%p, lpLastAccessTime=%p, "
+          "lpLastWriteTime=%p)\n", hFile, lpCreationTime, lpLastAccessTime, 
+          lpLastWriteTime);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate filetime values */
+    if ( (lpCreationTime && (((UINT64)lpCreationTime->dwHighDateTime   << 32) + 
+          lpCreationTime->dwLowDateTime   >= MAX_FILETIMEVALUE)) ||        
+         (lpLastAccessTime && (((UINT64)lpLastAccessTime->dwHighDateTime << 32) + 
+          lpLastAccessTime->dwLowDateTime >= MAX_FILETIMEVALUE)) ||
+         (lpLastWriteTime && (((UINT64)lpLastWriteTime->dwHighDateTime  << 32) + 
+          lpLastWriteTime->dwLowDateTime  >= MAX_FILETIMEVALUE)))
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    palError = InternalSetFileTime(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lpCreationTime,
+        lpLastAccessTime,
+        lpLastWriteTime
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetFileTime returns BOOL %s\n", NO_ERROR == palError ? "TRUE":"FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(SetFileTime);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalSetFileTime(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpCreationTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastAccessTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastWriteTime)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    struct timeval Times[2];
+    int fd;
+    long nsec;
+    struct stat stat_buf;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+    
+    if (lpCreationTime)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    if( !lpLastAccessTime && !lpLastWriteTime )
+    { 
+	// if both pointers are NULL, the function simply returns.
+        goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+    else if( !lpLastAccessTime || !lpLastWriteTime )
+    {
+	// if either pointer is NULL, fstat will need to be called.
+	fd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+	if ( fd == -1 )
+        {
+          TRACE("pLocalData = [%p], fd = %d\n", pLocalData, fd);
+          palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+          goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+        } 
+
+	if ( fstat(fd, &stat_buf) != 0 )
+    	{
+          TRACE("fstat failed on file descriptor %d\n", fd);
+          palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+          goto InternalSetFileTimeExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (lpLastAccessTime)
+    {
+        Times[0].tv_sec = FILEFileTimeToUnixTime( *lpLastAccessTime, &nsec );
+        Times[0].tv_usec = nsec / 1000; /* convert to microseconds */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+	    Times[0].tv_sec = stat_buf.st_atime;
+	    Times[0].tv_usec = ST_ATIME_NSEC(&stat_buf) / 1000;
+    }
+
+    if (lpLastWriteTime)
+    {
+        Times[1].tv_sec = FILEFileTimeToUnixTime( *lpLastWriteTime, &nsec );
+        Times[1].tv_usec = nsec / 1000; /* convert to microseconds */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Times[1].tv_sec = stat_buf.st_mtime;
+        Times[1].tv_usec = ST_MTIME_NSEC(&stat_buf) / 1000;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Setting atime = [%ld.%ld], mtime = [%ld.%ld]\n",
+          Times[0].tv_sec, Times[0].tv_usec,
+          Times[1].tv_sec, Times[1].tv_usec);
+
+#if HAVE_FUTIMES
+    if ( futimes(pLocalData->unix_fd, Times) != 0 )
+#elif HAVE_UTIMES
+    if ( utimes(pLocalData->unix_filename, Times) != 0 )
+#else
+  #error Operating system not supported
+#endif
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+    }
+
+InternalSetFileTimeExit:
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFileTime
+
+Notes: As noted at the top of this file, there is no analog to "creation
+time" on Unix systems, so the inode change time is used instead. Also, Win32
+LastAccessTime is updated after a write operation, but it is not on Unix.
+To be consistent with Win32, this function returns the greater of mtime and
+atime for LastAccessTime.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetFileTime(
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastAccessTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastWriteTime)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFileTime);
+    ENTRY("GetFileTime(hFile=%p, lpCreationTime=%p, lpLastAccessTime=%p, "
+          "lpLastWriteTime=%p)\n",
+          hFile, lpCreationTime, lpLastAccessTime, lpLastWriteTime);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetFileTime(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lpCreationTime,
+        lpLastAccessTime,
+        lpLastWriteTime
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetFileTime returns BOOL %s\n", NO_ERROR == palError ? "TRUE":"FALSE");
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFileTime);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalGetFileTime(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastAccessTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastWriteTime)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    int   Fd = -1;
+
+    struct stat StatData;
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalGetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        GENERIC_READ,
+        &pFileObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock, 
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    Fd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+
+    if ( Fd == -1 )
+    {
+        TRACE("pLocalData = [%p], Fd = %d\n", pLocalData, Fd);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalGetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    if ( fstat(Fd, &StatData) != 0 )
+    {
+        TRACE("fstat failed on file descriptor %d\n", Fd);
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto InternalGetFileTimeExit;
+    }
+
+    if ( lpCreationTime )
+    {
+        *lpCreationTime = FILEUnixTimeToFileTime(StatData.st_ctime,
+                                                 ST_CTIME_NSEC(&StatData));
+    }
+    if ( lpLastWriteTime )
+    {
+        *lpLastWriteTime = FILEUnixTimeToFileTime(StatData.st_mtime,
+                                                  ST_MTIME_NSEC(&StatData));
+    }
+    if ( lpLastAccessTime )
+    {
+        *lpLastAccessTime = FILEUnixTimeToFileTime(StatData.st_atime,
+                                                   ST_ATIME_NSEC(&StatData));
+        /* if Unix mtime is greater than atime, return mtime as the last
+           access time */
+        if ( lpLastWriteTime &&
+             CompareFileTime(lpLastAccessTime, lpLastWriteTime) < 0 )
+        {
+            *lpLastAccessTime = *lpLastWriteTime;
+        }
+    }
+
+InternalGetFileTimeExit:
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetSystemTimeAsFileTime
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(
+            OUT LPFILETIME lpSystemTimeAsFileTime)
+{
+    struct timeval Time;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetSystemTimeAsFileTime);
+    ENTRY("GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(lpSystemTimeAsFileTime=%p)\n", 
+          lpSystemTimeAsFileTime);
+
+    if ( gettimeofday( &Time, NULL ) != 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT("gettimeofday() failed");
+        /* no way to indicate failure, so set time to zero */
+        *lpSystemTimeAsFileTime = FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( 0, 0 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* use (tv_usec * 1000) because 2nd arg is in nanoseconds */
+        *lpSystemTimeAsFileTime = FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( Time.tv_sec,
+                                                          Time.tv_usec * 1000 );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetSystemTimeAsFileTime returns.\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(GetSystemTimeAsFileTime);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILECFAbsoluteTimeToFileTime
+
+Convert a CFAbsoluteTime value to a win32 FILETIME structure, as described
+in MSDN documentation. CFAbsoluteTime is the number of seconds elapsed since
+00:00 01 January 2001 UTC (Mac OS X epoch), while FILETIME represents a
+64-bit number of 100-nanosecond intervals that have passed since 00:00 
+01 January 1601 UTC (win32 epoch).
+--*/
+FILETIME FILECFAbsoluteTimeToFileTime( CFAbsoluteTime sec )
+{
+    __int64 Result;
+    FILETIME Ret;
+    
+    Result = ((__int64)sec + SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_2001_EPOCHS) * SECS_TO_100NS;
+
+    Ret.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)Result;
+    Ret.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(Result >> 32);
+
+    TRACE("CFAbsoluteTime = [%9f] converts to Win32 FILETIME = [%#x:%#x]\n", 
+          sec, Ret.dwHighDateTime, Ret.dwLowDateTime);
+
+    return Ret;    
+}
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEUnixTimeToFileTime
+
+Convert a time_t value to a win32 FILETIME structure, as described in
+MSDN documentation. time_t is the number of seconds elapsed since 
+00:00 01 January 1970 UTC (Unix epoch), while FILETIME represents a 
+64-bit number of 100-nanosecond intervals that have passed since 00:00 
+01 January 1601 UTC (win32 epoch).
+--*/
+FILETIME FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( time_t sec, long nsec )
+{
+    __int64 Result;
+    FILETIME Ret;
+
+    Result = ((__int64)sec + SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_1970_EPOCHS) * SECS_TO_100NS +
+        (nsec / 100);
+
+    Ret.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)Result;
+    Ret.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(Result >> 32);
+
+    TRACE("Unix time = [%ld.%09ld] converts to Win32 FILETIME = [%#x:%#x]\n", 
+          sec, nsec, Ret.dwHighDateTime, Ret.dwLowDateTime);
+
+    return Ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEFileTimeToUnixTime
+
+See FILEUnixTimeToFileTime above.
+
+This function takes a win32 FILETIME structures, returns the equivalent
+time_t value, and, if the nsec parameter is non-null, also returns the
+nanoseconds.
+
+NOTE: a 32-bit time_t is only capable of representing dates between
+13 December 1901 and 19 January 2038. This function will calculate the
+number of seconds (positive or negative) since the Unix epoch, however if
+this value is outside of the range of 32-bit numbers, the result will be
+truncated on systems with a 32-bit time_t.
+--*/
+time_t FILEFileTimeToUnixTime( FILETIME FileTime, long *nsec )
+{
+    __int64 UnixTime;
+
+    /* get the full win32 value, in 100ns */
+    UnixTime = ((__int64)FileTime.dwHighDateTime << 32) + 
+        FileTime.dwLowDateTime;
+
+    /* convert to the Unix epoch */
+    UnixTime -= (SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_1970_EPOCHS * SECS_TO_100NS);
+
+    TRACE("nsec=%p\n", nsec);
+
+    if ( nsec )
+    {
+        /* get the number of 100ns, convert to ns */
+        *nsec = (UnixTime % SECS_TO_100NS) * 100;
+    }
+
+    UnixTime /= SECS_TO_100NS; /* now convert to seconds */
+
+    if ( (time_t)UnixTime != UnixTime )
+    {
+        WARN("Resulting value is too big for a time_t value\n");
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Win32 FILETIME = [%#x:%#x] converts to Unix time = [%ld.%09ld]\n", 
+          FileTime.dwHighDateTime, FileTime.dwLowDateTime ,(long) UnixTime,
+          nsec?*nsec:0L);
+
+    return (time_t)UnixTime;
+}
+
+
+
+/**
+Function 
+
+    FileTimeToSystemTime()
+    
+    Helper function for FileTimeToDosTime.
+    Converts the necessary file time attibutes to system time, for
+    easier manipulation in FileTimeToDosTime.
+        
+--*/
+BOOL PALAPI FileTimeToSystemTime( CONST FILETIME * lpFileTime, 
+                                  LPSYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime )
+{
+    UINT64 FileTime = 0;
+    time_t UnixFileTime = 0;
+    struct tm * UnixSystemTime = 0;
+
+    /* Combine the file time. */
+    FileTime = lpFileTime->dwHighDateTime;
+    FileTime <<= 32;
+    FileTime |= (UINT)lpFileTime->dwLowDateTime;
+    bool isSafe = ClrSafeInt<UINT64>::subtraction(
+            FileTime,
+            SECS_BETWEEN_1601_AND_1970_EPOCHS * SECS_TO_100NS,
+            FileTime);
+
+    if (isSafe == true) 
+    {
+#if HAVE_GMTIME_R
+        struct tm timeBuf;
+#endif  /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+        /* Convert file time to unix time. */
+        if (((INT64)FileTime) < 0)
+        {
+            UnixFileTime =  -1 - ( ( -FileTime - 1 ) / 10000000 );            
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            UnixFileTime = FileTime / 10000000;
+        }
+
+        /* Convert unix file time to Unix System time. */
+#if HAVE_GMTIME_R
+        UnixSystemTime = gmtime_r( &UnixFileTime, &timeBuf );
+#else   /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+        UnixSystemTime = gmtime( &UnixFileTime );
+#endif  /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+
+        /* Convert unix system time to Windows system time. */
+        lpSystemTime->wDay      = UnixSystemTime->tm_mday;
+    
+        /* Unix time counts January as a 0, under Windows it is 1*/
+        lpSystemTime->wMonth    = UnixSystemTime->tm_mon + 1;
+        /* Unix time returns the year - 1900, Windows returns the current year*/
+        lpSystemTime->wYear     = UnixSystemTime->tm_year + 1900;
+        
+        lpSystemTime->wSecond   = UnixSystemTime->tm_sec;
+        lpSystemTime->wMinute   = UnixSystemTime->tm_min;
+        lpSystemTime->wHour     = UnixSystemTime->tm_hour;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "The file time is to large.\n" );
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+
+    
+/**
+Function:
+    FileTimeToDosDateTime
+    
+    Notes due to the difference between how BSD and Windows
+    calculates time, this function can only repersent dates between
+    1980 and 2037. 2037 is the upperlimit for the BSD time functions( 1900 - 
+    2037 range ).
+    
+See msdn for more details.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FileTimeToDosDateTime(
+            IN CONST FILETIME *lpFileTime,
+            OUT LPWORD lpFatDate,
+            OUT LPWORD lpFatTime )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FileTimeToDosDateTime);
+    ENTRY( "FileTimeToDosDateTime( lpFileTime=%p, lpFatDate=%p, lpFatTime=%p )\n",
+           lpFileTime, lpFatDate, lpFatTime );
+
+    /* Sanity checks. */
+    if ( !lpFileTime || !lpFatDate || !lpFatTime )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Incorrect parameters.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Do conversion. */
+        SYSTEMTIME SysTime;
+        if ( FileTimeToSystemTime( lpFileTime, &SysTime ) )
+        {
+            if ( SysTime.wYear >= 1980 && SysTime.wYear <= 2037 )
+            {
+                *lpFatDate = 0;
+                *lpFatTime = 0;
+
+                *lpFatDate |= ( SysTime.wDay & 0x1F );
+                *lpFatDate |= ( ( SysTime.wMonth & 0xF ) << 5 );
+                *lpFatDate |= ( ( ( SysTime.wYear - 1980 ) & 0x7F ) << 9 );
+
+                if ( SysTime.wSecond % 2 == 0 )
+                {
+                    *lpFatTime |= ( ( SysTime.wSecond / 2 )  & 0x1F );
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *lpFatTime |= ( ( SysTime.wSecond / 2 + 1 )  & 0x1F );
+                }
+
+                *lpFatTime |= ( ( SysTime.wMinute & 0x3F ) << 5 );
+                *lpFatTime |= ( ( SysTime.wHour & 0x1F ) << 11 );
+                
+                bRetVal = TRUE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ERROR( "The function can only repersent dates between 1/1/1980"
+                       " and 12/31/2037\n" );
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to convert file time to system time.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "returning BOOL %d\n", bRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(FileTimeToDosDateTime);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/find.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/find.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..18639d3d14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/find.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    find.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the FindFile function family
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/filetime.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    int InternalGlob(
+        const char *szPattern,
+        int nFlags,
+#if ERROR_FUNC_FOR_GLOB_HAS_FIXED_PARAMS    
+        int (*pnErrFunc)(const char *, int),
+#else
+        int (*pnErrFunc)(...),
+#endif
+        glob_t *pgGlob
+        );
+
+    /*++
+    InternalGlob
+
+    Input parameters:
+
+    szPattern = pointer to a pathname pattern to be expanded
+    nFlags = arguments to modify the behavior of glob
+    pnErrFunc = pointer to a routine that handles errors during the glob call
+    pgGlob = pointer to a glob structure
+
+    Return value:
+        0 on success, -1 on failure.
+
+    Some platforms expect the error function for glob to take a variable number
+    of parameters, whereas other platforms insist that the error function take 
+    a const char * and an int. A test in configure determines which is the case
+    for each platform and sets ERROR_FUNC_FOR_GLOB_HAS_FIXED_PARAMS
+    to 1 if the error func must have the char * and int parameters.
+    --*/
+    int
+    InternalGlob(
+        const char *szPattern,
+        int nFlags,
+#if ERROR_FUNC_FOR_GLOB_HAS_FIXED_PARAMS
+        int (*pnErrFunc)(const char *, int),
+#else
+        int (*pnErrFunc)(...),
+#endif
+        glob_t *pgGlob
+        )
+    {
+        int nRet = -1;
+        nRet = glob(szPattern, nFlags, pnErrFunc, pgGlob);
+        return nRet;
+    }
+}
+
+static BOOL FILEDosGlobA( 
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent, 
+        const char *pattern, 
+        int flags, 
+        glob_t *pgGlob );
+
+static int FILEGlobQsortCompare(const void *in_str1, const void *in_str2);
+
+static int FILEGlobFromSplitPath( 
+        const char *dir,
+        const char *fname,
+        const char *ext,
+        int flags, 
+        glob_t *pgGlob );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FindFirstFileA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+FindFirstFileA(
+           IN LPCSTR lpFileName,
+           OUT LPWIN32_FIND_DATAA lpFindFileData)
+{
+    HANDLE hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    DWORD  dwLastError = NO_ERROR;
+    find_obj *find_data = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FindFirstFileA);
+    ENTRY("FindFirstFileA(lpFileName=%p (%s), lpFindFileData=%p)\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", lpFindFileData);
+
+    if(NULL == lpFileName)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpFileName is NULL!\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if(NULL == lpFindFileData)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpFindFileData is NULL!\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }                                        
+
+    find_data = (find_obj *)InternalMalloc(sizeof(find_obj));
+    if ( find_data == NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate memory for find_data\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    find_data->self_addr = find_data;
+    
+    // Clear the glob_t so we can safely call globfree() on it
+    // regardless of whether FILEDosGlobA ends up calling glob().
+    memset(&(find_data->gGlob), 0, sizeof(find_data->gGlob));
+    
+    if (!FILEDosGlobA(pthrCurrent, lpFileName, 0, &(find_data->gGlob)))
+    {
+        // FILEDosGlobA will call SetLastError() on failure.
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Check if there's at least one match.
+        if (find_data->gGlob.gl_pathc == 0)
+        {
+            /* Testing has indicated that for this API the
+             * last errors are as follows 
+             *      c:\temp\foo.txt      - no error
+             *      c:\temp\foo          - ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
+             *      c:\temp\foo\bar      - ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND
+             *      c:\temp\foo.txt\bar  - ERROR_DIRECTORY
+             *
+             */
+            LPSTR lpTemp = strdup((LPSTR)lpFileName);
+            if ( !lpTemp )
+            {
+                ERROR( "strdup failed!\n" );
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+                goto done;
+            }
+            FILEDosToUnixPathA( lpTemp );
+            FILEGetProperNotFoundError( lpTemp, &dwLastError );
+            
+            if ( ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND == dwLastError )
+            {
+                /* If stripping the last segment reveals a file name then
+                the error is ERROR_DIRECTORY. */
+                struct stat stat_data;
+                LPSTR lpLastPathSeparator = NULL;
+
+                lpLastPathSeparator = strrchr( lpTemp, '/');
+                
+                if ( lpLastPathSeparator != NULL )
+                {
+                    *lpLastPathSeparator = '\0';
+                    
+                    if ( stat( lpTemp, &stat_data) == 0 && 
+                         (stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFREG )
+                    {
+                        dwLastError = ERROR_DIRECTORY;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            free(lpTemp);
+            lpTemp = NULL;
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        find_data->next = find_data->gGlob.gl_pathv;
+    }
+
+    if ( FindNextFileA( (HANDLE)find_data, lpFindFileData ) )
+    {
+        hRet = (HANDLE)find_data;
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    if ( hRet == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ) 
+    {
+        if(NULL != find_data)
+        {
+            // Call globfree only when there is any pattern match
+            // otherwise, HPUX C library segfaults.
+            if (NULL != find_data->gGlob.gl_pathv)
+            {
+                globfree( &(find_data->gGlob) );
+            }
+            free(find_data);
+        }
+        if (dwLastError)
+        {
+            SetLastError(dwLastError);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FindFirstFileA returns HANDLE %p\n", hRet );
+    PERF_EXIT(FindFirstFileA);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FindFirstFileW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+FindFirstFileW(
+           IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+           OUT LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData)
+{
+    // MAX_PATH_FNAME in this context is a file name, not a full path to a file.
+    HANDLE retval = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    CHAR FileNameA[MAX_PATH_FNAME];
+    WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindFileDataA;
+        
+    PERF_ENTRY(FindFirstFileW);
+    ENTRY("FindFirstFileW(lpFileName=%p (%S), lpFindFileData=%p)\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpFindFileData);
+
+    if(NULL == lpFileName)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpFileName is NULL!\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if(NULL == lpFindFileData)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpFindFileData is NULL!\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if( 0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS, lpFileName, -1, 
+                                 FileNameA, MAX_PATH_FNAME, NULL, NULL))
+    {
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        if (dwLastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+        {
+            WARN("lpFileName is larger than MAX_PATH_FNAME (%d)!\n", MAX_PATH_FNAME);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    retval = FindFirstFileA(FileNameA, &FindFileDataA);
+    if( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == retval )
+    {
+        TRACE("FindFirstFileA failed!\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpFindFileData->dwFileAttributes = FindFileDataA.dwFileAttributes;
+    lpFindFileData->dwReserved0 = FindFileDataA.dwReserved0;
+    lpFindFileData->dwReserved1 = FindFileDataA.dwReserved1;
+    lpFindFileData->ftCreationTime = FindFileDataA.ftCreationTime;
+    lpFindFileData->ftLastAccessTime = FindFileDataA.ftLastAccessTime;
+    lpFindFileData->ftLastWriteTime = FindFileDataA.ftLastWriteTime;
+    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeHigh = FindFileDataA.nFileSizeHigh;
+    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeLow = FindFileDataA.nFileSizeLow;
+
+    /* no 8.3 file names */
+    lpFindFileData->cAlternateFileName[0] = 0;
+
+    if( 0 == MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, FindFileDataA.cFileName, -1,
+                                 lpFindFileData->cFileName, MAX_PATH_FNAME))
+    {
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        if (dwLastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+        {
+            WARN("FindFileDataA.cFileName is larger than MAX_PATH_FNAME (%d)!\n", MAX_PATH_FNAME);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        FindClose(retval);
+        retval = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("FindFirstFileW returns HANDLE %p\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(FindFirstFileW);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FindNextFileA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FindNextFileA(
+          IN HANDLE hFindFile,
+          OUT LPWIN32_FIND_DATAA lpFindFileData)
+{
+    find_obj *find_data;
+
+    BOOL  bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+    DWORD Attr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FindNextFileA);
+    ENTRY("FindNextFileA(hFindFile=%p, lpFindFileData=%p)\n",
+          hFindFile, lpFindFileData);
+
+    find_data = (find_obj*)hFindFile;
+
+    if ( hFindFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ||
+         find_data == NULL || 
+         find_data->self_addr != find_data )
+    {
+        TRACE("FindNextFileA received an invalid handle\n");
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( find_data->next)
+    {
+        struct stat stat_data;
+        char ext[_MAX_EXT];
+        int stat_result;
+
+        while (*(find_data->next))
+        {
+            char *path = *(find_data->next);
+
+            TRACE("Found [%s]\n", path);
+
+            // Split the path into a dir and filename.
+            if (_splitpath_s(path, NULL, 0, find_data->dir, _MAX_DIR, find_data->fname, _MAX_PATH, ext, _MAX_EXT) != 0)
+            {
+                ASSERT("_splitpath failed on %s\n", path);
+                dwLastError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto done;
+            }
+            strcat_s( find_data->fname, sizeof(find_data->fname), ext );
+            
+            /* get the attributes, but continue if it fails */
+            Attr = GetFileAttributesA(path);
+            if (Attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+            {
+                WARN("GetFileAttributes returned -1 on file [%s]\n",
+                  *(find_data->next));
+            }
+            lpFindFileData->dwFileAttributes = Attr;
+            
+            /* Note that cFileName is NOT the relative path */
+            if (strcpy_s( lpFindFileData->cFileName, sizeof(lpFindFileData->cFileName), find_data->fname ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                TRACE("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+                dwLastError = ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE;
+                goto done;
+            }
+            
+            /* we don't support 8.3 filenames, so just leave it empty */
+            lpFindFileData->cAlternateFileName[0] = 0;
+            
+            /* get the filetimes */
+            stat_result = stat(path, &stat_data) == 0 ||
+            lstat(path, &stat_data) == 0;
+    
+            find_data->next++;
+    
+            if ( stat_result )
+            {
+                    lpFindFileData->ftCreationTime = 
+                        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_ctime,
+                                        ST_CTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+                    lpFindFileData->ftLastAccessTime = 
+                        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_atime,
+                                        ST_ATIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+                    lpFindFileData->ftLastWriteTime = 
+                        FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( stat_data.st_mtime,
+                                        ST_MTIME_NSEC(&stat_data) );
+
+                    /* if Unix mtime is greater than atime, return mtime 
+                       as the last access time */
+                    if (CompareFileTime(&lpFindFileData->ftLastAccessTime, 
+                                        &lpFindFileData->ftLastWriteTime) < 0)
+                    {
+                         lpFindFileData->ftLastAccessTime = lpFindFileData->ftLastWriteTime;
+                    }
+
+                    /* get file size */
+                    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeLow = (DWORD)stat_data.st_size;
+    #if SIZEOF_OFF_T > 4
+                    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeHigh = 
+                           (DWORD)(stat_data.st_size >> 32);
+    #else
+                    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeHigh = 0;
+    #endif
+            
+                    bRet = TRUE;
+            break;
+                }
+        }
+        if(!bRet)
+        {
+            dwLastError = ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+
+        ASSERT("find_data->next is (mysteriously) NULL\n");   
+    }
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError)
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FindNextFileA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(FindNextFileA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FindNextFileW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FindNextFileW(
+          IN HANDLE hFindFile,
+          OUT LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW lpFindFileData)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+    WIN32_FIND_DATAA FindFileDataA;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FindNextFileW);
+    ENTRY("FindNextFileW(hFindFile=%p, lpFindFileData=%p)\n",
+          hFindFile, lpFindFileData);
+
+    retval = FindNextFileA(hFindFile, &FindFileDataA);
+    if(!retval)
+    {
+        WARN("FindNextFileA failed!\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpFindFileData->dwFileAttributes = FindFileDataA.dwFileAttributes;
+    lpFindFileData->dwReserved0 = FindFileDataA.dwReserved0;
+    lpFindFileData->dwReserved1 = FindFileDataA.dwReserved1;
+    lpFindFileData->ftCreationTime = FindFileDataA.ftCreationTime;
+    lpFindFileData->ftLastAccessTime = FindFileDataA.ftLastAccessTime;
+    lpFindFileData->ftLastWriteTime = FindFileDataA.ftLastWriteTime;
+    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeHigh = FindFileDataA.nFileSizeHigh;
+    lpFindFileData->nFileSizeLow = FindFileDataA.nFileSizeLow;
+
+    /* no 8.3 file names */
+    lpFindFileData->cAlternateFileName[0] = 0;
+
+    if( 0 == MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, FindFileDataA.cFileName, -1, 
+                                 lpFindFileData->cFileName, MAX_PATH_FNAME))
+    {
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        if (dwLastError == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+        {
+            WARN("FindFileDataA.cFileName is larger than MAX_PATH_FNAME (%d)!\n", MAX_PATH_FNAME);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        retval = FALSE;
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("FindNextFileW returns BOOL %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(FindNextFileW);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FindClose
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FindClose(
+      IN OUT HANDLE hFindFile)
+{
+    find_obj *find_data;
+    BOOL  hRet = TRUE;
+    DWORD dwLastError = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FindClose);
+    ENTRY("FindClose(hFindFile=%p)\n", hFindFile);
+
+    find_data = (find_obj*)hFindFile;
+
+    if ( hFindFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE ||
+         find_data == NULL ||
+         find_data->self_addr != find_data )
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid find handle\n");
+        hRet = FALSE;
+        dwLastError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    find_data->self_addr = NULL;
+
+    // Call globfree only when there is any pattern match
+    // otherwise, HPUX C library segfaults.
+    if (NULL != find_data->gGlob.gl_pathv)
+    {
+        globfree( &(find_data->gGlob) );
+    }
+    free(find_data);
+
+done:
+    if (dwLastError)
+    {
+        SetLastError(dwLastError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FindClose returns BOOL %d\n", hRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(FindClose);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEMakePathA
+
+Mimics _makepath from windows, except it's a bit safer. 
+Any or all of dir, fname, and ext can be NULL.
+--*/
+static int FILEMakePathA( char *buff, 
+                          int buff_size,
+                          const char *dir, 
+                          const char *fname, 
+                          const char *ext )
+{
+    int dir_len = 0;
+    int fname_len = 0;
+    int ext_len = 0;
+    int len;
+    char *p;
+
+    TRACE("Attempting to assemble path from [%s][%s][%s], buff_size = %d\n",
+          dir?dir:"NULL", fname?fname:"NULL", ext?ext:"NULL", buff_size);
+
+    if (dir) dir_len = strlen(dir);
+    if (fname) fname_len = strlen(fname);
+    if (ext) ext_len = strlen(ext);
+
+    len = dir_len + fname_len + ext_len + 1;
+
+    TRACE("Required buffer size is %d bytes\n", len);
+
+    if ( len > buff_size )
+    {
+        ERROR("Buffer is too small (%d bytes), needs %d bytes\n", 
+              buff_size, len);
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        buff[0] = 0;
+
+        p = buff;
+        if (dir_len > 0) 
+        {
+            if (strncpy_s( buff, buff_size, dir, dir_len + 1 ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("FILEMakePathA: strncpy_s failed\n");
+                return -1;  
+            }
+
+            p += dir_len;
+            buff_size-= dir_len;
+        }
+        if (fname_len > 0)  
+        {
+            if (strncpy_s( p, buff_size, fname, fname_len + 1 ) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("FILEMakePathA: strncpy_s failed\n");
+                return -1;  
+            }
+
+            p += fname_len;
+            buff_size-=fname_len;
+        }
+        if (ext_len > 0)
+        {
+            if (strncpy_s( p, buff_size,  ext, ext_len + 1) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("FILEMakePathA: strncpy_s failed\n");
+                return -1;  
+            }
+        }
+
+        TRACE("FILEMakePathA assembled [%s]\n", buff);
+        return len - 1;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*++
+  FILEGlobQsortCompare
+
+  Comparison function required by qsort, so that the
+  . and .. directories end up on top of the sorted list
+  of directories.
+--*/
+static int FILEGlobQsortCompare(const void *in_str1, const void *in_str2)
+{
+     char **str1 = (char**)in_str1;
+     char **str2 = (char**)in_str2;
+     const int FIRST_ARG_LESS    = -1;
+     const int FIRST_ARG_EQUAL   =  0;
+     const int FIRST_ARG_GREATER =  1;
+
+     /* If both strings are equal, return immediately */
+     if (strcmp(*(str1), *(str2)) == 0)
+     {
+         return(FIRST_ARG_EQUAL);
+     }
+
+     /* Have '.' always on top than any other search result */
+     if (strcmp(*(str1), ".") == 0)
+     {
+         return (FIRST_ARG_LESS);
+     }
+     if (strcmp(*(str2), ".") == 0)
+     {
+         return (FIRST_ARG_GREATER);
+     }
+
+     /* Have '..' next on top, over any other search result */
+     if (strcmp(*(str1), "..") == 0)
+     {
+         return (FIRST_ARG_LESS);
+     }
+     if (strcmp(*(str2), "..") == 0)
+     {
+         return (FIRST_ARG_GREATER);
+     }
+
+     /* Finally, let strcmp do the rest for us */
+     return (strcmp(*(str1),*(str2)));
+}
+
+/*++
+Function: 
+  FILEEscapeSquareBrackets
+  
+Simple helper function to insert backslashes before square brackets   
+to prevent glob from using them as wildcards.
+
+note: this functions assumes all backslashes have previously been
+      converted into forwardslashes by _splitpath.
+--*/
+static void FILEEscapeSquareBrackets(char *pattern, char *escaped_pattern)
+{
+    TRACE("Entering FILEEscapeSquareBrackets: [%p (%s)][%p]\n",
+          pattern,pattern,escaped_pattern);
+
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+    char *escaped_pattern_base = escaped_pattern;
+#endif // _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+
+    while(*pattern)
+    {
+        if('[' == *pattern || ']' == *pattern)
+        {
+            *escaped_pattern = '\\';
+            escaped_pattern++;
+        }
+        *escaped_pattern = *pattern;
+        pattern++;
+        escaped_pattern++;
+    }
+    *escaped_pattern='\0';
+
+    TRACE("FILEEscapeSquareBrackets done. escaped_pattern=%s\n", 
+                escaped_pattern_base);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGlobFromSplitPath
+
+Simple wrapper function around glob(3), except that the pattern is accepted
+in broken-down form like _splitpath produces.
+
+ie. calling splitpath on a pattern then calling this function should
+produce the same result as just calling glob() on the pattern.
+--*/
+static int FILEGlobFromSplitPath( const char *dir,
+                                  const char *fname,
+                                  const char *ext,
+                                  int flags, 
+                                  glob_t *pgGlob )
+{
+    int  Ret;
+    PathCharString PatternPS;
+    PathCharString EscapedPatternPS;
+    char * Pattern;
+    int length = 0;
+    char * EscapedPattern;
+
+    TRACE("We shall attempt to glob from components [%s][%s][%s]\n",
+          dir?dir:"NULL", fname?fname:"NULL", ext?ext:"NULL");
+
+    if (dir) length = strlen(dir);
+    if (fname) length += strlen(fname);
+    if (ext) length += strlen(ext);
+    
+    Pattern = PatternPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+    if (NULL == Pattern)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not Enough memory.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    FILEMakePathA( Pattern, length+1, dir, fname, ext );
+    PatternPS.CloseBuffer(length);
+    TRACE("Assembled Pattern = [%s]\n", Pattern);
+
+    /* special handling is needed to handle the case where
+        filename contains '[' and ']' */
+    EscapedPattern = EscapedPatternPS.OpenStringBuffer(length*2);
+    if (NULL == EscapedPattern)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not Enough memory.");
+        return -1;
+    }
+    FILEEscapeSquareBrackets( Pattern, EscapedPattern);
+    EscapedPatternPS.CloseBuffer(strlen(EscapedPattern));
+#ifdef GLOB_QUOTE
+    flags |= GLOB_QUOTE;
+#endif  // GLOB_QUOTE
+    Ret = InternalGlob(EscapedPattern, flags, NULL, pgGlob);
+
+#ifdef GLOB_NOMATCH
+    if (Ret == GLOB_NOMATCH)
+    {
+        // pgGlob->gl_pathc will be 0 in this case.  We'll check
+        // the return value to see if an error occurred, so we
+        // don't want to return an error if we simply didn't match
+        // anything.
+        Ret = 0;
+    }
+#endif  // GLOB_NOMATCH
+    
+    /* Ensure that . and .. are placed in front, and sort the rest */
+    qsort(pgGlob->gl_pathv, pgGlob->gl_pathc, sizeof(char*),
+          FILEGlobQsortCompare);
+    TRACE("Result of glob() is %d\n", Ret);
+
+    return Ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEDosGlobA
+
+Generate pathnames matching a DOS globbing pattern. This function has a similar
+prototype to glob(3), and fulfils the same purpose.  However, DOS globbing
+is slightly different than Unix in the following ways:
+
+- '.*' at the end of a pattern means "any file extension, or none at all", 
+whereas Unix has no concept of file extensions, and will match the '.' like
+any other character
+
+- on Unix, filenames beginning with '.' must be explicitly matched. This is
+not true in DOS
+
+- in DOS, the first two entries (if they match) will be '.' and '..', followed 
+by all other matching entries sorted in ASCII order. In Unix, all entries are 
+treated equally, so '+file' would appear before '.' and '..'
+
+- DOS globbing will fail if any wildcard characters occur before the last path
+separator
+
+This implementation of glob implements the DOS behavior in all these cases, 
+but otherwise attempts to behave exactly like POSIX glob.  The only exception
+is its return value -- it returns TRUE if it succeeded (finding matches or
+finding no matches but without any error occurring) or FALSE if any error
+occurs.  It calls SetLastError() if it returns FALSE.
+
+Sorting doesn't seem to be consistent on all Windows platform, and it's
+not required for Rotor to have the same sorting alogrithm than Windows 2000.
+This implementation will give slightly different result for the sort list 
+than Windows 2000.
+
+--*/
+static BOOL FILEDosGlobA( CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+                          const char *pattern, 
+                          int flags, 
+                          glob_t *pgGlob )
+{
+    char Dir[_MAX_DIR];
+    char FilenameBuff[_MAX_FNAME + 1];
+    char *Filename = FilenameBuff + 1;
+    char Ext[_MAX_EXT];
+    int A, B, C;
+    BOOL result = TRUE;
+    int globResult = 0;
+
+    Dir[0] = 0;
+    FilenameBuff[0] = '.';
+    FilenameBuff[1] = 0;
+    Ext[0] = 0;
+
+     _splitpath_s( pattern, NULL, 0, Dir, _MAX_DIR, Filename, _MAX_FNAME+1, Ext, _MAX_EXT);
+    
+    /* check to see if _splitpath failed */
+    if ( Filename[0] == 0 )
+    {
+        if ( Dir[0] == 0 )
+        {
+            ERROR("_splitpath failed on path [%s]\n", pattern);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Pattern contains a trailing backslash\n");
+        }
+        SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("glob pattern [%s] split into [%s][%s][%s]\n",
+          pattern, Dir, Filename, Ext);
+
+    if ( strchr(Dir, '*') != NULL || strchr(Dir, '?') != NULL )
+    {
+        ERROR("Found wildcard character(s) ('*' and/or '?') before "
+              "last path separator\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND);
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (Dir[0] != 0)
+    {
+         FILEDosToUnixPathA( Dir );
+    }
+
+    /* The meat of the routine happens below. Basically, there are three
+       special things to check for:
+
+       (A) If the extension is _exactly_ '.*', we will need to do two globs,
+       one for 'filename.*' and one for 'filename', EXCEPT if (B) the last
+       character of filename is '*', in which case we can eliminate the
+       extension altogether, since '*.*' and '*' are the same in DOS.
+       (C) If the first character of the filename is '*', we need to do
+       an additional glob for each one we have already done, except with
+       '.' prepended to the filename of the patterns, because in Unix,
+       hidden files need to be matched explicitly.
+
+       We can ignore the extension by calling FILEGlobFromSplitPath with
+       the extension parameter as "", and we can prepend '.' to the
+       filename by using (Filename - 1), since Filename conveniently points
+       to the second character of a buffer which happens to have '.' as
+       its first character.
+    */
+       
+    A = strncmp(Ext, ".*", 3) == 0;
+    B = (Filename[strlen(Filename) - 1] == '*');
+    C = (*Filename == '*');
+
+    TRACE("Extension IS%s '.*', filename DOES%s end with '*', "
+          "and filename DOES%s begin with '*'\n",
+          A?"":" NOT", B?"":" NOT", C?"":" NOT");
+
+    if ( !(A && B) ) 
+    {
+        /* the original pattern */
+        globResult = FILEGlobFromSplitPath(Dir, Filename, Ext, 0, pgGlob);
+        if ( globResult != 0 )
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (C)
+        {
+            /* the original pattern but '.' prepended to filename */
+            globResult = FILEGlobFromSplitPath(Dir, Filename - 1, Ext,
+                                               GLOB_APPEND, pgGlob);
+            if ( globResult != 0 )
+            {
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (A)
+    {
+        /* if (A && B), this is the first glob() call. The first call
+           to glob must use flags = 0, while proceeding calls should
+           set the GLOB_APPEND flag. */
+        globResult = FILEGlobFromSplitPath(Dir, Filename, "",
+                                           (A && B)?0:GLOB_APPEND, pgGlob);
+        if ( globResult != 0 )
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (C)
+        {
+            /* omit the extension and prepend '.' to filename */
+            globResult = FILEGlobFromSplitPath(Dir, Filename - 1, "",
+                                               GLOB_APPEND, pgGlob);
+            if ( globResult != 0 )
+            {
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    if (globResult != 0)
+    {
+        if (globResult == GLOB_NOSPACE)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        }
+        result = FALSE;
+    }
+    TRACE("Returning %d\n", result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/path.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/path.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c4ef31be32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/path.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1624 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    path.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of all functions related to path support
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+int MaxWCharToAcpLengthRatio = 3;
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFullPathNameA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFullPathNameA(
+     IN LPCSTR lpFileName,
+     IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+     OUT LPSTR lpBuffer,
+     OUT LPSTR *lpFilePart)
+{
+    DWORD  nReqPathLen, nRet = 0;
+    PathCharString unixPath;
+    LPSTR unixPathBuf;
+    BOOL fullPath = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFullPathNameA);
+    ENTRY("GetFullPathNameA(lpFileName=%p (%s), nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p, "
+          "lpFilePart=%p)\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:"NULL", nBufferLength, lpBuffer, lpFilePart);
+
+    if(NULL == lpFileName)
+    {
+        WARN("lpFileName is NULL\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* find out if lpFileName is a partial or full path */
+    if ('\\' == *lpFileName || '/' == *lpFileName)
+    {
+        fullPath = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if(fullPath)
+    {
+        if( !unixPath.Set(lpFileName, strlen(lpFileName)))
+        {
+            ERROR("Set() failed;\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }   
+    else
+    {
+        
+        /* build full path */
+        if(!GetCurrentDirectoryA(unixPath))
+        {
+            /* no reason for this to fail now... */
+            ASSERT("GetCurrentDirectoryA() failed! lasterror is %#xd\n",
+                   GetLastError());
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        
+        if (!unixPath.Append("/", 1) ||
+            !unixPath.Append(lpFileName,strlen(lpFileName))
+           )
+        {
+            ERROR("Append failed!\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    unixPathBuf = unixPath.OpenStringBuffer(unixPath.GetCount());
+    /* do conversion to Unix path */
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA( unixPathBuf );
+ 
+    /* now we can canonicalize this */
+    FILECanonicalizePath(unixPathBuf);
+
+    /* at last, we can figure out how long this path is */
+    nReqPathLen = strlen(unixPathBuf);
+
+    unixPath.CloseBuffer(nReqPathLen);
+    nReqPathLen++;
+    if(nBufferLength < nReqPathLen)
+    {
+        TRACE("reporting insufficient buffer : minimum is %d, caller "
+              "provided %d\n", nReqPathLen, nBufferLength);
+        nRet = nReqPathLen;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    nRet = nReqPathLen-1;
+    strcpy_s(lpBuffer, nBufferLength, unixPath);
+
+    /* locate the filename component if caller cares */
+    if(lpFilePart)
+    {
+        *lpFilePart = strrchr(lpBuffer, '/');
+
+        if (*lpFilePart == NULL)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Not able to find '/' in the full path.\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            nRet = 0;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            (*lpFilePart)++; 
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetFullPathNameA returns DWORD %u\n", nRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFullPathNameA);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetFullPathNameW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetFullPathNameW(
+     IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+     IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+     OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer,
+     OUT LPWSTR *lpFilePart)
+{
+    LPSTR fileNameA;
+    CHAR * bufferA;
+    size_t bufferASize = 0;
+    PathCharString bufferAPS;
+    LPSTR lpFilePartA;
+    int   fileNameLength;
+    int   srcSize;
+    DWORD length;
+    DWORD nRet = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetFullPathNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetFullPathNameW(lpFileName=%p (%S), nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p"
+          ", lpFilePart=%p)\n",
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpFileName?lpFileName:W16_NULLSTRING, nBufferLength, 
+          lpBuffer, lpFilePart);
+
+    
+    fileNameLength = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName,
+                                         -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    if (fileNameLength == 0)
+    {
+        /* Couldn't convert to ANSI. That's odd. */
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        fileNameA = static_cast<LPSTR>(alloca(fileNameLength));
+    }
+    
+    /* Now convert lpFileName to ANSI. */
+    srcSize = WideCharToMultiByte (CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, 
+                                   -1, fileNameA, fileNameLength,
+                                   NULL, NULL );
+    if( srcSize == 0 )
+    {
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    bufferASize = nBufferLength * MaxWCharToAcpLengthRatio;
+    bufferA = bufferAPS.OpenStringBuffer(bufferASize);
+    if (NULL == bufferA)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    length = GetFullPathNameA(fileNameA, bufferASize, bufferA, &lpFilePartA);
+    bufferAPS.CloseBuffer(length);
+    
+    if (length == 0 || length > bufferASize)
+    {
+        /* Last error is set by GetFullPathNameA */
+        nRet = length;
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    /* Convert back to Unicode the result */
+    nRet = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, bufferA, -1,
+                                lpBuffer, nBufferLength );
+
+    if (nRet == 0)
+    {
+        if ( GetLastError() == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER )
+        {
+            /* get the required length */
+            nRet = MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, bufferA, -1,
+                                        NULL, 0 );
+            SetLastError(ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);
+        }
+
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* MultiByteToWideChar counts the trailing NULL, but
+       GetFullPathName does not. */
+    nRet--;
+
+    /* now set lpFilePart */
+    if (lpFilePart != NULL)
+    {
+        *lpFilePart = lpBuffer;
+        *lpFilePart += MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, bufferA,
+                                            lpFilePartA - bufferA, NULL, 0);
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetFullPathNameW returns DWORD %u\n", nRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetFullPathNameW);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetLongPathNameW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Note:
+  Since short path names are not implemented (nor supported) in the PAL, 
+  this function simply copies the given path into the new buffer.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetLongPathNameW(
+		 IN LPCWSTR lpszShortPath,
+         OUT LPWSTR lpszLongPath,
+  		 IN DWORD cchBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD dwPathLen = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetLongPathNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetLongPathNameW(lpszShortPath=%p (%S), lpszLongPath=%p (%S), "
+          "cchBuffer=%d\n", lpszShortPath, lpszShortPath, lpszLongPath, lpszLongPath, cchBuffer);
+
+    if ( !lpszShortPath )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpszShortPath was not a valid pointer.\n" )
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        LOGEXIT("GetLongPathNameW returns DWORD 0\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(GetLongPathNameW);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else if (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES == GetFileAttributesW( lpszShortPath ))
+    {
+        // last error has been set by GetFileAttributes
+        ERROR( "lpszShortPath does not exist.\n" )
+        LOGEXIT("GetLongPathNameW returns DWORD 0\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(GetLongPathNameW);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* all lengths are # of TCHAR characters */
+    /* "required size" includes space for the terminating null character */
+    dwPathLen = PAL_wcslen(lpszShortPath)+1;
+
+    /* lpszLongPath == 0 means caller is asking only for size */
+    if ( lpszLongPath )
+    {
+        if ( dwPathLen > cchBuffer )
+        {
+            ERROR("Buffer is too small, need %d characters\n", dwPathLen);
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+        } else 
+        {
+            if ( lpszShortPath != lpszLongPath )
+            {
+                // Note: MSDN doesn't specify the behavior of GetLongPathName API
+                //       if the buffers are overlap.
+                PAL_wcsncpy( lpszLongPath, lpszShortPath, cchBuffer );
+            }
+
+            /* actual size not including terminating null is returned */
+            dwPathLen--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetLongPathNameW returns DWORD %u\n", dwPathLen);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetLongPathNameW);
+    return dwPathLen;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetShortPathNameW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Note:
+  Since short path names are not implemented (nor supported) in the PAL, 
+  this function simply copies the given path into the new buffer.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetShortPathNameW(
+		 IN LPCWSTR lpszLongPath,
+         OUT LPWSTR lpszShortPath,
+  		 IN DWORD cchBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD dwPathLen = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetShortPathNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetShortPathNameW(lpszLongPath=%p (%S), lpszShortPath=%p (%S), "
+          "cchBuffer=%d\n", lpszLongPath, lpszLongPath, lpszShortPath, lpszShortPath, cchBuffer);
+
+    if ( !lpszLongPath )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpszLongPath was not a valid pointer.\n" )
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        LOGEXIT("GetShortPathNameW returns DWORD 0\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(GetShortPathNameW);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else if (INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES == GetFileAttributesW( lpszLongPath ))
+    {
+        // last error has been set by GetFileAttributes
+        ERROR( "lpszLongPath does not exist.\n" )
+        LOGEXIT("GetShortPathNameW returns DWORD 0\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(GetShortPathNameW);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* all lengths are # of TCHAR characters */
+    /* "required size" includes space for the terminating null character */
+    dwPathLen = PAL_wcslen(lpszLongPath)+1;
+
+    /* lpszShortPath == 0 means caller is asking only for size */
+    if ( lpszShortPath )
+    {
+        if ( dwPathLen > cchBuffer )
+        {
+            ERROR("Buffer is too small, need %d characters\n", dwPathLen);
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+        } else 
+        {
+            if ( lpszLongPath != lpszShortPath )
+            {
+                // Note: MSDN doesn't specify the behavior of GetShortPathName API
+                //       if the buffers are overlap.
+                PAL_wcsncpy( lpszShortPath, lpszLongPath, cchBuffer );
+            }
+
+            /* actual size not including terminating null is returned */
+            dwPathLen--;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetShortPathNameW returns DWORD %u\n", dwPathLen);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetShortPathNameW);
+    return dwPathLen;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetTempPathA
+
+See MSDN.
+
+Notes:
+    On Windows, the temp path is determined by the following steps:
+    1. The value of the "TMP" environment variable, or if it doesn't exist,
+    2. The value of the "TEMP" environment variable, or if it doesn't exist,
+    3. The Windows directory.
+
+    On Unix, we follow in spirit:
+    1. The value of the "TMPDIR" environment variable, or if it doesn't exist,
+    2. The /tmp directory.
+    This is the same approach employed by mktemp.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetTempPathA(
+	     IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+	     OUT LPSTR lpBuffer)
+{
+    DWORD dwPathLen = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetTempPathA);
+    ENTRY("GetTempPathA(nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p)\n",
+          nBufferLength, lpBuffer);
+
+    if ( !lpBuffer )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpBuffer was not a valid pointer.\n" )
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        LOGEXIT("GetTempPathA returns DWORD %u\n", dwPathLen);
+        PERF_EXIT(GetTempPathA);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Try the TMPDIR environment variable. This is the same env var checked by mktemp. */
+    dwPathLen = GetEnvironmentVariableA("TMPDIR", lpBuffer, nBufferLength);
+    if (dwPathLen > 0)
+    {
+        /* The env var existed. dwPathLen will be the length without null termination 
+         * if the entire value was successfully retrieved, or it'll be the length
+         * required to store the value with null termination.
+         */
+        if (dwPathLen < nBufferLength)
+        {
+            /* The environment variable fit in the buffer. Make sure it ends with '/'. */
+            if (lpBuffer[dwPathLen - 1] != '/')
+            {
+                /* If adding the slash would still fit in our provided buffer, do it.  Otherwise, 
+                 * let the caller know how much space would be needed.
+                 */
+                if (dwPathLen + 2 <= nBufferLength)
+                {
+                    lpBuffer[dwPathLen++] = '/';
+                    lpBuffer[dwPathLen] = '\0';
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    dwPathLen += 2;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else /* dwPathLen >= nBufferLength */
+        {
+            /* The value is too long for the supplied buffer.  dwPathLen will now be the
+             * length required to hold the value, but we don't know whether that value
+             * is going to be '/' terminated.  Since we'll need enough space for the '/', and since
+             * a caller would assume that the dwPathLen we return will be sufficient, 
+             * we make sure to account for it in dwPathLen even if that means we end up saying
+             * one more byte of space is needed than actually is.
+             */
+            dwPathLen++;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* env var not found or was empty */
+    {
+        /* no luck, use /tmp/ */
+        const char *defaultDir = "/tmp/";
+        int defaultDirLen = strlen(defaultDir);
+        if (defaultDirLen < nBufferLength)
+        {
+            dwPathLen = defaultDirLen;
+            strcpy_s(lpBuffer, nBufferLength, defaultDir);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* get the required length */
+            dwPathLen = defaultDirLen + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( dwPathLen >= nBufferLength )
+    {
+        ERROR("Buffer is too small, need space for %d characters including null termination\n", dwPathLen);
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetTempPathA returns DWORD %u\n", dwPathLen);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetTempPathA);
+    return dwPathLen;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetTempPathW
+
+See MSDN.
+See also the comment for GetTempPathA.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetTempPathW(
+	     IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+	     OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetTempPathW);
+    ENTRY("GetTempPathW(nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p)\n",
+          nBufferLength, lpBuffer);
+
+    if (!lpBuffer)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpBuffer was not a valid pointer.\n")
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        LOGEXIT("GetTempPathW returns DWORD 0\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(GetTempPathW);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    char TempBuffer[nBufferLength > 0 ? nBufferLength : 1];
+    DWORD dwRetVal = GetTempPathA( nBufferLength, TempBuffer );
+   
+    if ( dwRetVal >= nBufferLength )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpBuffer was not large enough.\n" )
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+        *lpBuffer = '\0';
+    }
+    else if ( dwRetVal != 0 )
+    {
+        /* Convert to wide. */
+        if ( 0 == MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, 0, TempBuffer, -1, 
+                                       lpBuffer, dwRetVal + 1 ) )
+        {
+            ASSERT( "An error occurred while converting the string to wide.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            dwRetVal = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "The function failed.\n" );
+        *lpBuffer = '\0';
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetTempPathW returns DWORD %u\n", dwRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(GetTempPathW);
+    return dwRetVal;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path.
+
+  Replaces '\' by '/', removes any trailing dots on directory/filenames,
+  and changes '*.*' to be equal to '*'
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void
+FILEDosToUnixPathA(
+       LPSTR lpPath)
+{
+    LPSTR p;
+    LPSTR pPointAtDot=NULL;
+    char charBeforeFirstDot='\0';
+
+    TRACE("Original DOS path = [%s]\n", lpPath);
+
+    if (!lpPath)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (p = lpPath; *p; p++)
+    {
+        /* Make the \\ to / switch first */
+        if (*p == '\\')
+        {
+            /* Replace \ with / */
+            *p = '/';
+        }
+
+        if (pPointAtDot)
+        {
+            /* If pPointAtDot is not NULL, it is pointing at the first encountered
+               dot.  If we encountered a \, that means it could be a trailing dot */
+            if (*p == '/')
+            {
+                /* If char before the first dot is a '\' or '.' (special case if the
+                   dot is the first char in the path) , then we leave it alone,
+                   because it is either . or .., otherwise it is a trailing dot
+                   pattern and will be truncated */
+                if (charBeforeFirstDot != '.' && charBeforeFirstDot != '/')
+                {
+                    memmove(pPointAtDot,p,(strlen(p)*sizeof(char))+1);
+                    p = pPointAtDot;
+                }
+                pPointAtDot = NULL; /* Need to reset this */
+            }
+            else if (*p == '*')
+            {
+                /* Check our size before doing anything with our pointers */
+                if ((p - lpPath) >= 3)
+                {
+                    /* At this point, we know that there is 1 or more dots and
+                       then a star.  AND we know the size of our string at this
+                       point is at least 3 (so we can go backwards from our pointer
+                       safely AND there could possilby be two characters back)
+                       So lets check if there is a '*' and a '.' before, if there
+                       is, replace just a '*'.  Otherwise, reset pPointAtDot to NULL
+                       and do nothing */
+                    if (p[-2] == '*' &&
+                        p[-1] == '.' &&
+                        p[0] == '*')
+                    {
+                        memmove(&(p[-2]),p,(strlen(p)*sizeof(char))+1);
+                    }
+
+                    pPointAtDot  = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (*p != '.')
+            {
+                /* If we are here, that means that this is NOT a trailing dot,
+                   some other character is here, so forget our pointer */
+                pPointAtDot = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (*p == '.')
+            {
+                /* If pPointAtDot is NULL, and we encounter a dot, save the pointer */
+                pPointAtDot = p;
+                if (pPointAtDot != lpPath)
+                {
+                    charBeforeFirstDot = p[-1];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    charBeforeFirstDot = lpPath[0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If pPointAtDot still points at anything, then we still have trailing dots.
+       Truncate at pPointAtDot, unless the dots are path specifiers (. or ..) */
+    if (pPointAtDot)
+    {
+        /* make sure the trailing dots don't follow a '/', and that they aren't 
+           the only thing in the name */
+        if(pPointAtDot != lpPath && *(pPointAtDot-1) != '/')
+        {
+            *pPointAtDot = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Resulting Unix path = [%s]\n", lpPath);
+}
+
+void
+FILEDosToUnixPathA(
+       PathCharString&  lpPath)
+{
+
+    SIZE_T len = lpPath.GetCount();
+    LPSTR lpPathBuf = lpPath.OpenStringBuffer(len);
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpPathBuf);
+    lpPath.CloseBuffer(len);
+
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathW
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path.
+
+  Replaces '\' by '/', removes any trailing dots on directory/filenames,
+  and changes '*.*' to be equal to '*'
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void
+FILEDosToUnixPathW(
+       LPWSTR lpPath)
+{
+    LPWSTR p;
+    LPWSTR pPointAtDot=NULL;
+    WCHAR charBeforeFirstDot='\0';
+
+    TRACE("Original DOS path = [%S]\n", lpPath);
+
+    if (!lpPath)
+    {
+        return;
+    }  
+
+    for (p = lpPath; *p; p++)
+    {
+        /* Make the \\ to / switch first */
+        if (*p == '\\')
+        {
+            /* Replace \ with / */
+            *p = '/';
+        }
+
+        if (pPointAtDot)
+        {
+            /* If pPointAtDot is not NULL, it is pointing at the first encountered
+               dot.  If we encountered a \, that means it could be a trailing dot */
+            if (*p == '/')
+            {
+                /* If char before the first dot is a '\' or '.' (special case if the
+                   dot is the first char in the path) , then we leave it alone,
+                   because it is either . or .., otherwise it is a trailing dot
+                   pattern and will be truncated */
+                if (charBeforeFirstDot != '.' && charBeforeFirstDot != '/')
+                {
+                    memmove(pPointAtDot,p,((PAL_wcslen(p)+1)*sizeof(WCHAR)));
+                    p = pPointAtDot;
+                }
+                pPointAtDot = NULL; /* Need to reset this */
+            }
+            else if (*p == '*')
+            {
+                /* Check our size before doing anything with our pointers */
+                if ((p - lpPath) >= 3)
+                {
+                    /* At this point, we know that there is 1 or more dots and
+                       then a star.  AND we know the size of our string at this
+                       point is at least 3 (so we can go backwards from our pointer
+                       safely AND there could possilby be two characters back)
+                       So lets check if there is a '*' and a '.' before, if there
+                       is, replace just a '*'.  Otherwise, reset pPointAtDot to NULL
+                       and do nothing */
+                    if (p[-2] == '*' &&
+                        p[-1] == '.' &&
+                        p[0] == '*')
+                    {
+                        memmove(&(p[-2]),p,(PAL_wcslen(p)*sizeof(WCHAR)));
+                    }
+
+                    pPointAtDot  = NULL;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (*p != '.')
+            {
+                /* If we are here, that means that this is NOT a trailing dot,
+                   some other character is here, so forget our pointer */
+                pPointAtDot = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (*p == '.')
+            {
+                /* If pPointAtDot is NULL, and we encounter a dot, save the pointer */
+                pPointAtDot = p;
+                if (pPointAtDot != lpPath)
+                {
+                    charBeforeFirstDot = p[-1];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    charBeforeFirstDot = lpPath[0];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If pPointAtDot still points at anything, then we still have trailing dots.
+       Truncate at pPointAtDot, unless the dots are path specifiers (. or ..) */
+    if (pPointAtDot)
+    {
+        /* make sure the trailing dots don't follow a '/', and that they aren't 
+           the only thing in the name */
+        if(pPointAtDot != lpPath && *(pPointAtDot-1) != '/')
+        {
+            *pPointAtDot = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Resulting Unix path = [%S]\n", lpPath);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileUnixToDosPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a Unix path to a DOS path. Replace '/' by '\'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void
+FILEUnixToDosPathA(
+       LPSTR lpPath)
+{
+    LPSTR p;
+
+    TRACE("Original Unix path = [%s]\n", lpPath);
+
+    if (!lpPath)
+        return;
+
+    for (p = lpPath; *p; p++)
+    {
+        if (*p == '/')
+            *p = '\\';
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Resulting DOS path = [%s]\n", lpPath);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA
+
+Parse the given path. If it contains a directory part and a file part,
+put the directory part into the supplied buffer, and return the number of
+characters written to the buffer. If the buffer is not large enough,
+return the required size of the buffer including the NULL character. If
+there is no directory part in the path, return 0.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath,
+                     DWORD  nBufferLength,
+                     LPSTR  lpBuffer )
+{
+    int    full_len, dir_len, i;
+    LPCSTR lpDirEnd;
+    DWORD  dwRetLength;
+
+    full_len = lstrlenA( lpFullPath );
+
+    /* look for the first path separator backwards */
+    lpDirEnd = lpFullPath + full_len - 1;
+    while( lpDirEnd >= lpFullPath && *lpDirEnd != '/' && *lpDirEnd != '\\')
+    --lpDirEnd;
+
+    dir_len = lpDirEnd - lpFullPath + 1; /* +1 for fencepost */
+
+    if ( dir_len <= 0 )
+    {
+        dwRetLength = 0;
+    }
+    else if (static_cast<DWORD>(dir_len) >= nBufferLength)
+    {
+        dwRetLength = dir_len + 1; /* +1 for NULL char */
+    }
+    else
+    {
+    /* put the directory into the buffer, including 1 or more
+       trailing path separators */
+    for( i = 0; i < dir_len; ++i )
+        *(lpBuffer + i) = *(lpFullPath + i);
+
+    *(lpBuffer + i) = '\0';
+
+    dwRetLength = dir_len;
+    }
+
+    return( dwRetLength );
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetFileNameFromFullPath
+
+Given a full path, return a pointer to the first char of the filename part.
+--*/
+LPCSTR FILEGetFileNameFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath )
+{
+    int DirLen = FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA( lpFullPath, 0, NULL );
+
+    if ( DirLen > 0 )
+    {
+        return lpFullPath + DirLen - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return lpFullPath;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+FILECanonicalizePath
+    Removes all instances of '/./', '/../' and '//' from an absolute path. 
+    
+Parameters:
+    LPSTR lpUnixPath : absolute path to modify, in Unix format
+
+(no return value)                                             
+ 
+Notes :
+-behavior is undefined if path is not absolute
+-the order of steps *is* important: /one/./../two would give /one/two 
+ instead of /two if step 3 was done before step 2
+-reason for this function is that GetFullPathName can't use realpath(), since 
+ realpath() requires the given path to be valid and GetFullPathName does not.
+--*/
+void FILECanonicalizePath(LPSTR lpUnixPath)
+{
+    LPSTR slashslashptr;
+    LPSTR dotdotptr;
+    LPSTR slashdotptr;
+    LPSTR slashptr;
+
+    /* step 1 : replace '//' sequences by a single '/' */
+
+    slashslashptr = lpUnixPath;
+    while(1)
+    {
+        slashslashptr = strstr(slashslashptr,"//");
+        if(NULL == slashslashptr)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        /* remove extra '/' */
+        TRACE("stripping '//' from %s\n", lpUnixPath);
+        memmove(slashslashptr,slashslashptr+1,strlen(slashslashptr+1)+1);
+    }
+
+    /* step 2 : replace '/./' sequences by a single '/' */
+
+    slashdotptr = lpUnixPath;
+    while(1)
+    {
+        slashdotptr = strstr(slashdotptr,"/./");
+        if(NULL == slashdotptr)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        /* strip the extra '/.' */
+        TRACE("removing '/./' sequence from %s\n", lpUnixPath);
+        memmove(slashdotptr,slashdotptr+2,strlen(slashdotptr+2)+1);
+    }
+
+    /* step 3 : replace '/<name>/../' sequences by a single '/' */
+
+    while(1)
+    {
+        dotdotptr = strstr(lpUnixPath,"/../");
+        if(NULL == dotdotptr)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        if(dotdotptr == lpUnixPath)
+        {
+            /* special case : '/../' at the beginning of the path are replaced
+               by a single '/' */
+            TRACE("stripping leading '/../' from %s\n", lpUnixPath);
+            memmove(lpUnixPath, lpUnixPath+3,strlen(lpUnixPath+3)+1);
+            continue;
+        }
+        
+        /* null-terminate the string before the '/../', so that strrchr will 
+           start looking right before it */
+        *dotdotptr = '\0';
+        slashptr = strrchr(lpUnixPath,'/');
+        if(NULL == slashptr)
+        {
+            /* this happens if this function was called with a relative path. 
+               don't do that.  */
+            ASSERT("can't find leading '/' before '/../ sequence\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        TRACE("removing '/<dir>/../' sequence from %s\n", lpUnixPath);
+        memmove(slashptr,dotdotptr+3,strlen(dotdotptr+3)+1);
+    }
+
+    /* step 4 : remove a trailing '/..' */
+
+    dotdotptr = strstr(lpUnixPath,"/..");
+    if(dotdotptr == lpUnixPath)
+    {
+        /* if the full path is simply '/..', replace it by '/' */
+        lpUnixPath[1] = '\0';
+    }
+    else if(NULL != dotdotptr && '\0' == dotdotptr[3])
+    {
+        *dotdotptr = '\0';
+        slashptr = strrchr(lpUnixPath,'/');
+        if(NULL != slashptr)
+        {
+            /* make sure the last slash isn't the root */
+            if (slashptr == lpUnixPath)
+            {
+                lpUnixPath[1] = '\0';
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                *slashptr = '\0';    
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* step 5 : remove a traling '/.' */
+
+    slashdotptr = strstr(lpUnixPath,"/.");
+    if (slashdotptr != NULL && slashdotptr[2] == '\0')
+    {
+        if(slashdotptr == lpUnixPath)
+        {
+            // if the full path is simply '/.', replace it by '/' */
+            lpUnixPath[1] = '\0';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *slashdotptr = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SearchPathA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+PAL-specific notes :
+-lpPath must be non-NULL; path delimiters are platform-dependent (':' for Unix)
+-lpFileName must be non-NULL, may be an absolute path
+-lpExtension must be NULL
+-lpFilePart (if non-NULL) doesn't need to be used (but we do)
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+SearchPathA(
+    IN LPCSTR lpPath,
+    IN LPCSTR lpFileName,
+    IN LPCSTR lpExtension,
+    IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+    OUT LPSTR lpBuffer,
+    OUT LPSTR *lpFilePart
+    )
+{
+    DWORD nRet = 0;
+    CHAR * FullPath;
+    size_t FullPathLength = 0;
+    PathCharString FullPathPS;
+    PathCharString CanonicalFullPathPS;
+    CHAR * CanonicalFullPath;
+    LPCSTR pPathStart;
+    LPCSTR pPathEnd;
+    size_t PathLength;
+    size_t FileNameLength;
+    DWORD length;
+    DWORD dw;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SearchPathA);
+    ENTRY("SearchPathA(lpPath=%p (%s), lpFileName=%p (%s), lpExtension=%p, "
+          "nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p, lpFilePart=%p)\n",
+      lpPath,
+      lpPath, lpFileName, lpFileName, lpExtension, nBufferLength, lpBuffer, 
+          lpFilePart);
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    
+    if(NULL == lpPath)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpPath may not be NULL\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if(NULL == lpFileName)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpFileName may not be NULL\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if(NULL != lpExtension)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpExtension must be NULL, is %p instead\n", lpExtension);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    FileNameLength = strlen(lpFileName);
+
+    /* special case : if file name contains absolute path, don't search the 
+       provided path */
+    if('\\' == lpFileName[0] || '/' == lpFileName[0])
+    {
+        /* Canonicalize the path to deal with back-to-back '/', etc. */
+        length = FileNameLength;
+        CanonicalFullPath = CanonicalFullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == CanonicalFullPath)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        dw = GetFullPathNameA(lpFileName, length+1, CanonicalFullPath, NULL);
+        CanonicalFullPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+        
+        if (length+1 < dw)
+        {
+            CanonicalFullPath = CanonicalFullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(dw-1);
+            if (NULL == CanonicalFullPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            dw = GetFullPathNameA(lpFileName, dw,
+                                  CanonicalFullPath, NULL);
+            CanonicalFullPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+        }
+
+        if (dw == 0) 
+        {
+            WARN("couldn't canonicalize path <%s>, error is %#x. failing.\n",
+                 lpFileName, GetLastError());
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        /* see if the file exists */
+        if(0 == access(CanonicalFullPath, F_OK))
+        {
+            /* found it */
+            nRet = dw;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LPCSTR pNextPath;
+        
+        pNextPath = lpPath;
+    
+        while (*pNextPath) 
+        {
+            pPathStart = pNextPath;
+            
+            /* get a pointer to the end of the first path in pPathStart */
+            pPathEnd = strchr(pPathStart, ':');
+            if (!pPathEnd)
+            {
+                pPathEnd = pPathStart + strlen(pPathStart);
+                /* we want to break out of the loop after this pass, so let
+                   *pNextPath be '\0' */
+                pNextPath = pPathEnd;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* point to the next component in the path string */
+                pNextPath = pPathEnd+1;
+            }
+    
+            PathLength = pPathEnd-pPathStart;
+    
+            if(0 == PathLength)
+            {
+                /* empty component : there were 2 consecutive ':' */
+                continue;
+            }
+    
+            /* Construct a pathname by concatenating one path from lpPath, '/' 
+               and lpFileName */
+            FullPathLength = PathLength + FileNameLength;
+            FullPath = FullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(FullPathLength+1);
+            if (NULL == FullPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            memcpy(FullPath, pPathStart, PathLength);
+            FullPath[PathLength] = '/';
+            if (strcpy_s(&FullPath[PathLength+1], FullPathLength+1-PathLength, lpFileName) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE );
+                nRet = 0;
+                goto done;
+            }
+
+            FullPathPS.CloseBuffer(FullPathLength+1);            
+            /* Canonicalize the path to deal with back-to-back '/', etc. */
+            length = MAX_LONGPATH; //Use it for first try
+            CanonicalFullPath = CanonicalFullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+            if (NULL == CanonicalFullPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            dw = GetFullPathNameA(FullPath, length+1,
+                                  CanonicalFullPath, NULL);
+            CanonicalFullPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+            
+            if (length+1 < dw)
+            {
+                CanonicalFullPath = CanonicalFullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(dw-1);
+                dw = GetFullPathNameA(FullPath, dw,
+                                      CanonicalFullPath, NULL);
+                CanonicalFullPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+            }
+            
+            if (dw == 0) 
+            {
+                /* Call failed - possibly low memory.  Skip the path */
+                WARN("couldn't canonicalize path <%s>, error is %#x. "
+                     "skipping it\n", FullPath, GetLastError());
+                continue;
+            }
+    
+            /* see if the file exists */
+            if(0 == access(CanonicalFullPath, F_OK))
+            {
+                /* found it */
+                nRet = dw;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nRet == 0) 
+    {
+       /* file not found anywhere; say so. in Windows, this always seems to say
+          FILE_NOT_FOUND, even if path doesn't exist */
+       SetLastError(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (nRet < nBufferLength) 
+        {
+            if(NULL == lpBuffer)
+            {
+                /* Windows merily crashes here, but let's not */
+                ERROR("caller told us buffer size was %d, but buffer is NULL\n",
+                      nBufferLength);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+                nRet = 0;
+                goto done;
+            }
+            
+            if (strcpy_s(lpBuffer, nBufferLength, CanonicalFullPath) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE );
+                nRet = 0;
+                goto done;
+            }
+
+            if(NULL != lpFilePart)
+            {
+                *lpFilePart = strrchr(lpBuffer,'/');
+                if(NULL == *lpFilePart)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("no '/' in full path!\n");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* point to character after last '/' */
+                    (*lpFilePart)++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* if buffer is too small, report required length, including 
+               terminating null */
+            nRet++;
+        }
+    }
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("SearchPathA returns DWORD %u\n", nRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SearchPathA);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SearchPathW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+PAL-specific notes :
+-lpPath must be non-NULL; path delimiters are platform-dependent (':' for Unix)
+-lpFileName must be non-NULL, may be an absolute path
+-lpExtension must be NULL
+-lpFilePart (if non-NULL) doesn't need to be used (but we do)
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+SearchPathW(
+    IN LPCWSTR lpPath,
+    IN LPCWSTR lpFileName,
+    IN LPCWSTR lpExtension,
+    IN DWORD nBufferLength,
+    OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer,
+    OUT LPWSTR *lpFilePart
+    )
+{
+    DWORD nRet = 0;
+    WCHAR * FullPath;
+    size_t FullPathLength = 0;
+    PathWCharString FullPathPS;
+    LPCWSTR pPathStart;
+    LPCWSTR pPathEnd;
+    size_t PathLength;
+    size_t FileNameLength;
+    DWORD dw;
+    DWORD length;
+    char * AnsiPath;
+    PathCharString AnsiPathPS;
+    size_t CanonicalPathLength;
+    int canonical_size;
+    WCHAR * CanonicalPath;
+    PathWCharString CanonicalPathPS;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SearchPathW);
+    ENTRY("SearchPathW(lpPath=%p (%S), lpFileName=%p (%S), lpExtension=%p, "
+          "nBufferLength=%u, lpBuffer=%p, lpFilePart=%p)\n",
+	  lpPath,
+	  lpPath, lpFileName, lpFileName, lpExtension, nBufferLength, lpBuffer, 
+          lpFilePart);
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    
+    if(NULL == lpPath)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpPath may not be NULL\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if(NULL == lpFileName)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpFileName may not be NULL\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if(NULL != lpExtension)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpExtension must be NULL, is %p instead\n", lpExtension);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }          
+
+    /* special case : if file name contains absolute path, don't search the 
+       provided path */
+    if('\\' == lpFileName[0] || '/' == lpFileName[0])
+    {
+        /* Canonicalize the path to deal with back-to-back '/', etc. */
+        length = MAX_LONGPATH; //Use it for first try
+        CanonicalPath = CanonicalPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == CanonicalPath)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+        dw = GetFullPathNameW(lpFileName, length+1, CanonicalPath, NULL);
+        CanonicalPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+        if (length+1 < dw)
+        {
+            CanonicalPath = CanonicalPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(dw-1);
+            if (NULL == CanonicalPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            dw = GetFullPathNameW(lpFileName, dw, CanonicalPath, NULL);
+            CanonicalPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+        }
+        
+        if (dw == 0) 
+        {
+            WARN("couldn't canonicalize path <%S>, error is %#x. failing.\n",
+                 lpPath, GetLastError());
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        /* see if the file exists */
+        CanonicalPathLength = (PAL_wcslen(CanonicalPath)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthRatio;
+        AnsiPath = AnsiPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(CanonicalPathLength);
+        if (NULL == AnsiPath)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+	    canonical_size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, CanonicalPath, -1,
+			    AnsiPath, CanonicalPathLength, NULL, NULL);
+	    AnsiPathPS.CloseBuffer(canonical_size);
+	    
+        if(0 == access(AnsiPath, F_OK))
+        {
+            /* found it */
+            nRet = dw;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        LPCWSTR pNextPath;
+
+        pNextPath = lpPath;
+    
+        FileNameLength = PAL_wcslen(lpFileName);
+
+        while (*pNextPath) 
+        {
+            pPathStart = pNextPath;
+    
+            /* get a pointer to the end of the first path in pPathStart */
+            pPathEnd = PAL_wcschr(pPathStart, ':');
+            if (!pPathEnd)
+            {
+                pPathEnd = pPathStart + PAL_wcslen(pPathStart);
+                /* we want to break out of the loop after this pass, so let
+                   *pNextPath be '\0' */
+                pNextPath = pPathEnd;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* point to the next component in the path string */
+                pNextPath = pPathEnd+1;
+            }
+    
+            PathLength = pPathEnd-pPathStart;
+    
+            if(0 == PathLength)
+            {
+                /* empty component : there were 2 consecutive ':' */
+                continue;
+            }
+    
+            /* Construct a pathname by concatenating one path from lpPath, '/' 
+               and lpFileName */
+            FullPathLength = PathLength + FileNameLength;
+            FullPath = FullPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(FullPathLength+1);
+            if (NULL == FullPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            memcpy(FullPath, pPathStart, PathLength*sizeof(WCHAR));
+            FullPath[PathLength] = '/';
+            PAL_wcscpy(&FullPath[PathLength+1], lpFileName);
+            
+            FullPathPS.CloseBuffer(FullPathLength+1);
+    
+            /* Canonicalize the path to deal with back-to-back '/', etc. */
+            length = MAX_LONGPATH; //Use it for first try
+            CanonicalPath = CanonicalPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+            if (NULL == CanonicalPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            dw = GetFullPathNameW(FullPath, length+1,
+                                  CanonicalPath, NULL);
+            CanonicalPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+            
+            if (length+1 < dw)
+            {
+                CanonicalPath = CanonicalPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(dw-1);
+                if (NULL == CanonicalPath)
+                {
+                    SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                    goto done;
+                }
+                dw = GetFullPathNameW(FullPath, dw, CanonicalPath, NULL);
+                CanonicalPathPS.CloseBuffer(dw);
+            }
+            
+            if (dw == 0) 
+            {
+                /* Call failed - possibly low memory.  Skip the path */
+                WARN("couldn't canonicalize path <%S>, error is %#x. "
+                     "skipping it\n", FullPath, GetLastError());
+                continue;
+            }
+    
+            /* see if the file exists */
+            CanonicalPathLength = (PAL_wcslen(CanonicalPath)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLengthRatio;
+            AnsiPath = AnsiPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(CanonicalPathLength);
+            if (NULL == AnsiPath)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto done;
+            }
+            canonical_size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, CanonicalPath, -1,
+                                AnsiPath, CanonicalPathLength, NULL, NULL);
+            AnsiPathPS.CloseBuffer(canonical_size);
+               
+            if(0 == access(AnsiPath, F_OK))
+            {
+                /* found it */
+                nRet = dw;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (nRet == 0) 
+    {
+       /* file not found anywhere; say so. in Windows, this always seems to say
+          FILE_NOT_FOUND, even if path doesn't exist */
+       SetLastError(ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* find out the required buffer size, copy path to buffer if it's 
+           large enough */
+        nRet = PAL_wcslen(CanonicalPath)+1;
+        if(nRet <= nBufferLength)
+        {
+            if(NULL == lpBuffer)
+            {
+                /* Windows merily crashes here, but let's not */
+                ERROR("caller told us buffer size was %d, but buffer is NULL\n",
+                      nBufferLength);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+                nRet = 0;
+                goto done;
+            }
+            PAL_wcscpy(lpBuffer, CanonicalPath);
+
+            /* don't include the null-terminator in the count if buffer was 
+               large enough */
+            nRet--;
+            
+            if(NULL != lpFilePart)
+            {
+                *lpFilePart = PAL_wcsrchr(lpBuffer, '/');
+                if(NULL == *lpFilePart)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("no '/' in full path!\n");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* point to character after last '/' */
+                    (*lpFilePart)++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("SearchPathW returns DWORD %u\n", nRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SearchPathW);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PathFindFileNameW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+PathFindFileNameW(
+    IN LPCWSTR pPath
+    )
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PathFindFileNameW);
+    ENTRY("PathFindFileNameW(pPath=%p (%S))\n",
+          pPath?pPath:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          pPath?pPath:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    LPWSTR ret = (LPWSTR)pPath;
+    if (ret != NULL && *ret != W('\0'))
+    {
+        ret = PAL_wcschr(ret, W('\0')) - 1;
+        if (ret > pPath && *ret == W('/'))
+        {
+            ret--;
+        }
+        while (ret > pPath && *ret != W('/'))
+        {
+            ret--;
+        }
+        if (*ret == W('/') && *(ret + 1) != W('\0'))
+        {
+            ret++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("PathFindFileNameW returns %S\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(PathFindFileNameW);
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.cpp b/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a586abddbd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmfilelockmgr.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based file lock manager
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "shmfilelockmgr.hpp"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(FILE);
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEAddNewLockedRgn(
+    SHMFILELOCKS* fileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance, 
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *insertAfter,
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock, 
+    LOCK_TYPE lockType
+    );
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILELockFileRegion(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance,
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock,
+    LOCK_TYPE lockAction
+    );
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEUnlockFileRegion(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance, 
+    UINT64 unlockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToUnlock,
+    LOCK_TYPE unlockType
+    );
+
+void
+FILECleanUpLockedRgn(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    DWORD dwAccessRights,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance
+    );
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEGetSHMFileLocks(
+    LPCSTR filename,
+    SHMPTR *pshmFileLocks,
+    BOOL noCreate
+    );
+
+/* return TRUE if LockToTest region is behind lockRgn, FALSE otherwise */
+#define IS_LOCK_BEFORE(LockToTest, lockRgn) \
+    (((LockToTest)->lockRgnStart + (LockToTest)->nbBytesLocked) <= \
+                                                        (lockRgn)->lockRgnStart)
+
+/* return TRUE if LockToTest region intersect with lockRgn, FALSE otherwise */
+#define IS_LOCK_INTERSECT(LockToTest, lockRgn) \
+    (!IS_LOCK_BEFORE(LockToTest, lockRgn) && !IS_LOCK_BEFORE(lockRgn, LockToTest))
+
+/* return TRUE if LockToTest region and lockRgn have the same file pointer and 
+   the same process Id, FALSE otherwise */
+#define IS_LOCK_HAVE_SAME_OWNER(LockToTest, lockRgn) \
+    (((LockToTest)->pvControllerInstance == (lockRgn)->pvControllerInstance) && \
+     ((LockToTest)->processId == (lockRgn)->processId))
+
+/* return TRUE if LockToTest region and lockRgn represent the same lock, 
+   FALSE otherwise*/
+#define IS_LOCK_EQUAL(LockToTest, lockRgn) \
+        (((LockToTest)->processId == (lockRgn)->processId)           && \
+         ((LockToTest)->pvControllerInstance == (lockRgn)->pvControllerInstance)   && \
+         ((LockToTest)->lockRgnStart == (lockRgn)->lockRgnStart)     && \
+         ((LockToTest)->nbBytesLocked == (lockRgn)->nbBytesLocked)   && \
+         ((LockToTest)->lockType == (lockRgn)->lockType))
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryFileLockMgr::GetLockControllerForFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    LPCSTR szFileName,
+    DWORD dwAccessRights,
+    DWORD dwShareMode,
+    IFileLockController **ppLockController  // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks = SHMNULL;
+    SHMFILELOCKS* fileLocks = NULL;
+    CSharedMemoryFileLockController *pController = NULL;
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    palError = FILEGetSHMFileLocks(szFileName, &shmFileLocks, FALSE);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, fileLocks, shmFileLocks) == FALSE || fileLocks == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+        
+    if(SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITALIZED == fileLocks->share_mode)
+    {
+        /* this is the first time this file is open */
+        fileLocks->share_mode = (int) dwShareMode;
+    }
+    /* start checking for dwDesired access and dwShareMode conditions */
+    else if(0 == fileLocks->share_mode)
+    {
+        /* file is exclusively locked */
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+    /* check for if the desired access is allowed by the share mode */
+    else if( (dwAccessRights & GENERIC_READ) && 
+             !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_READ) )
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+    else if( (dwAccessRights & GENERIC_WRITE) && 
+             !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) )
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+    /* The case when changing to a conflicting share mode is particular.
+       The general rule is: changing from conflicting share mode is invalid
+       (i.e changing from FILE_SHARE_WRITE to FILE_SHARE_READ is invalid).
+       However, if one of the share flags is the same
+       (i.e changing from FILE_SHARE_WRITE to FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE)
+       the result is valid. (Please note that FILE_SHARE_READ is ignored
+       in this case).
+    */
+    else if( (dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_READ) && 
+             !(dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) &&
+             !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_READ))
+                         
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+    else if( (dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) && 
+             !(dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_READ) &&
+             !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE))
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+    /* Changing to a less permissive sharing permissions is valid
+       if the file handle doesn't have an access right that conflicts with
+       the sharing permissions we are trying to set
+       (ex: changing from FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE to FILE_SHARE_WRITE
+       isn't valid if the file descriptor still has a GENERIC_READ permission).
+    */     
+    else if( (fileLocks->nbReadAccess) && 
+             !(dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_READ) )
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+    else if( (fileLocks->nbWriteAccess) && 
+             !(dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) )
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;     
+    }
+
+    /* we are trying to change to a less restrictive sharing permission set 
+       keep the current permissions */  
+    if( (dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_READ) && 
+              !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_READ) )
+    {
+        dwShareMode = fileLocks->share_mode;
+    }
+
+    if( (dwShareMode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) && 
+              !(fileLocks->share_mode & FILE_SHARE_WRITE) )
+    {
+        dwShareMode = fileLocks->share_mode;
+    }
+
+    pController = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryFileLockController>(dwAccessRights, shmFileLocks);
+    if (NULL == pController)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // pController now owns the shared memory pointer, so make sure we
+    // don't attempt to free it below.
+    //
+
+    shmFileLocks = SHMNULL;
+
+    /* set the share mode again, it's possible that the share mode is now more
+    restrictive than the previous mode set. */
+    fileLocks->share_mode = dwShareMode;
+    if( dwAccessRights & GENERIC_READ )
+    {
+        fileLocks->nbReadAccess++;  
+    }
+    if( dwAccessRights & GENERIC_WRITE )
+    {
+        fileLocks->nbWriteAccess++;
+    }
+
+    // ************** NOTE **************
+    // If you add any error paths after this point you must communicate the value of dwAccessRights to
+    // FILECleanUpLockedRgn() in the cleanup code below so that it can correctly undo the changes to
+    // fileLocks->nbReadAccess and nbWriteAccess made above.
+    // ************** NOTE **************
+
+GetLockControllerForFileExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        *ppLockController = pController;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (NULL != pController)
+        {
+            pController->ReleaseController();
+        }
+
+        if (SHMNULL != shmFileLocks)
+        {
+            FILECleanUpLockedRgn(
+                shmFileLocks,
+                0,
+                NULL
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryFileLockMgr::GetFileShareModeForFile(
+   LPCSTR szFileName,
+   DWORD* pdwShareMode)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    *pdwShareMode = SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITALIZED;
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks = SHMNULL;
+    SHMFILELOCKS* fileLocks = NULL;
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    palError = FILEGetSHMFileLocks(szFileName, &shmFileLocks, TRUE);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError || shmFileLocks == SHMNULL)
+    {
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, fileLocks, shmFileLocks) == FALSE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto GetLockControllerForFileExit;
+    }
+
+    *pdwShareMode = fileLocks->share_mode;
+
+GetLockControllerForFileExit:
+
+    if (SHMNULL != shmFileLocks)
+    {
+      FILECleanUpLockedRgn(
+                shmFileLocks,
+                0,
+                NULL
+                );
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryFileLockController::GetTransactionLock(
+    CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    FileTransactionLockType eLockType,
+    DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+    DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+    IFileTransactionLock **ppTransactionLock    // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart;
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock;
+
+    lockRgnStart  = ((UINT64)dwOffsetHigh) << 32  | dwOffsetLow;
+    nbBytesToLock = ((UINT64)nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh) << 32  | 
+                             nNumberOfBytesToLockLow;
+
+    palError = FILELockFileRegion(
+        m_shmFileLocks,
+        reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this),
+        lockRgnStart, 
+        nbBytesToLock,
+        RDWR_LOCK_RGN
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        *ppTransactionLock = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryFileTransactionLock>(m_shmFileLocks,
+                                                                           reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this),
+                                                                           lockRgnStart, 
+                                                                           nbBytesToLock);
+        if (NULL == *ppTransactionLock)
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            FILEUnlockFileRegion(
+                m_shmFileLocks,
+                reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this),
+                lockRgnStart, 
+                nbBytesToLock,
+                RDWR_LOCK_RGN
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryFileLockController::CreateFileLock(
+    CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+    DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+    FileLockExclusivity eFileLockExclusivity,
+    FileLockWaitMode eFileLockWaitMode
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart;
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock;
+
+    if (ExclusiveFileLock != eFileLockExclusivity
+        || FailImmediately != eFileLockWaitMode)
+    {
+        ASSERT("LockFileEx functionality not yet supported");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        goto CreateFileLockExit;
+    }
+
+    lockRgnStart  = ((UINT64)dwOffsetHigh) << 32  | dwOffsetLow;
+    nbBytesToLock = ((UINT64)nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh) << 32  | 
+                             nNumberOfBytesToLockLow;
+
+    palError = FILELockFileRegion(
+        m_shmFileLocks,
+        reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this),
+        lockRgnStart, 
+        nbBytesToLock,
+        USER_LOCK_RGN
+        );
+
+CreateFileLockExit:
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryFileLockController::ReleaseFileLock(
+    CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+    DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+    DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    UINT64 unlockRgnStart;
+    UINT64 nbBytesToUnlock;
+
+    unlockRgnStart  = ((UINT64)dwOffsetHigh) << 32  | dwOffsetLow;
+    nbBytesToUnlock = ((UINT64)nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh) << 32  | 
+                             nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow;
+
+    palError = FILEUnlockFileRegion(
+        m_shmFileLocks,
+        reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this),
+        unlockRgnStart, 
+        nbBytesToUnlock,
+        USER_LOCK_RGN
+        );
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+void
+CSharedMemoryFileLockController::ReleaseController()
+{
+    if (SHMNULL != m_shmFileLocks)
+    {
+        FILECleanUpLockedRgn(
+            m_shmFileLocks,
+            m_dwAccessRights,
+            reinterpret_cast<PVOID>(this)
+            );
+    }
+
+    InternalDelete(this);
+}
+
+void
+CSharedMemoryFileTransactionLock::ReleaseLock()
+{
+    FILEUnlockFileRegion(
+        m_shmFileLocks,
+        m_pvControllerInstance,
+        m_lockRgnStart, 
+        m_nbBytesToLock,
+        RDWR_LOCK_RGN
+        );
+
+    InternalDelete(this);
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILELockFileRegion(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance,
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock,
+    LOCK_TYPE lockAction
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *curLock, *prevLock, *insertAfter, 
+                     lockRgn, fakeLock = {0,0,0,0};
+    SHMFILELOCKS *fileLocks;
+
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    /* nothing to do if the region to lock is empty */
+    if (nbBytesToLock == 0) 
+    {
+        TRACE("Locking an empty region (%I64d, %I64d)\n", lockRgnStart, nbBytesToLock);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, fileLocks, shmFileLocks) == FALSE || fileLocks == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (fileLocks->fileLockedRgns != 0)
+    {        
+        prevLock = &fakeLock;
+        
+        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLock, fileLocks->fileLockedRgns) 
+            == FALSE)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        
+        lockRgn.lockRgnStart = lockRgnStart;
+        lockRgn.nbBytesLocked = nbBytesToLock;
+        lockRgn.pvControllerInstance = pvControllerInstance;
+        lockRgn.processId = GetCurrentProcessId();
+        lockRgn.lockType = lockAction;
+
+        while((curLock != NULL) && IS_LOCK_BEFORE(curLock, &lockRgn))
+        {            
+            prevLock = curLock; 
+            if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLock, curLock->next) == FALSE)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+        }
+                
+        while((curLock != NULL) && IS_LOCK_INTERSECT(curLock, &lockRgn))
+        {
+            /* we couldn't lock the requested region if it overlap with other 
+               region locked explicitly (by LockFile call) by other file pointer */
+            if ((lockAction == USER_LOCK_RGN) || 
+                ((curLock->lockType  == USER_LOCK_RGN) && 
+                 !IS_LOCK_HAVE_SAME_OWNER(curLock, &lockRgn)))
+            {
+                WARN("The requested lock region overlaps an existing locked region\n");
+                palError = ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+            
+            prevLock = curLock; 
+            if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLock, curLock->next) == FALSE)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        /* save the previous lock in case we need to insert the requested lock */
+        insertAfter = prevLock;         
+                
+        while(((curLock != NULL) && IS_LOCK_INTERSECT(&lockRgn, curLock)))
+        {
+            /* we couldn't lock the requested region if it overlap with other region 
+               locked explicitly (by LockFile call) by other file pointer */
+            if ((lockAction == USER_LOCK_RGN) || 
+                ((curLock->lockType  == USER_LOCK_RGN) &&  
+                 !IS_LOCK_HAVE_SAME_OWNER(curLock, &lockRgn)))
+            {
+                WARN("The requested lock region overlaps an existing locked region\n");
+                palError = ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+            
+            prevLock = curLock; 
+            if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLock, curLock->next) == FALSE)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+        }
+       
+        if (insertAfter == &fakeLock) 
+        {
+            insertAfter = NULL;
+        }
+
+        palError = FILEAddNewLockedRgn(
+            fileLocks,
+            pvControllerInstance,
+            insertAfter,
+            lockRgnStart,
+            nbBytesToLock,
+            lockAction
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            WARN("Couldn't add the new locked region into SHM\n");
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* lock region list is empty. */
+    {
+        palError = FILEAddNewLockedRgn(
+            fileLocks,
+            pvControllerInstance,
+            NULL,
+            lockRgnStart,
+            nbBytesToLock,
+            lockAction
+            );
+        
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Couldn't add the first file locked region \n");
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }  
+
+EXIT:
+    SHMRelease();
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEUnlockFileRegion(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance,
+    UINT64 unlockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToUnlock,
+    LOCK_TYPE unlockType
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *prevLock = NULL, *curLockRgn = NULL, unlockRgn;
+    SHMPTR shmcurLockRgn;
+    SHMFILELOCKS *fileLocks;
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    
+    /* check if the region to unlock is empty or not */
+    if (nbBytesToUnlock == 0) 
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_LOCKED;
+        WARN("Attempt to unlock an empty region\n");
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    if ((SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, fileLocks, shmFileLocks) == FALSE) || 
+        (fileLocks == NULL) ||
+        (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, fileLocks->fileLockedRgns) == FALSE))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    unlockRgn.processId = GetCurrentProcessId();
+    unlockRgn.pvControllerInstance = pvControllerInstance;
+    unlockRgn.lockRgnStart = unlockRgnStart;
+    unlockRgn.nbBytesLocked = nbBytesToUnlock;
+    unlockRgn.lockType = unlockType;
+
+    shmcurLockRgn = fileLocks->fileLockedRgns;
+    
+    while((curLockRgn != NULL) && !IS_LOCK_EQUAL(curLockRgn, &unlockRgn))
+    {
+        prevLock = curLockRgn; 
+        shmcurLockRgn = curLockRgn->next;
+        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, shmcurLockRgn) == FALSE)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (curLockRgn != NULL) 
+    {
+        TRACE("removing the lock region (%I64u, %I64u)\n", 
+               curLockRgn->lockRgnStart, curLockRgn->nbBytesLocked);
+
+        if (prevLock == NULL) 
+        {
+            /* removing the first lock */
+            fileLocks->fileLockedRgns = curLockRgn->next;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            prevLock->next = curLockRgn->next;
+        }
+        SHMfree(shmcurLockRgn);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* the lock doesn't exist */
+        WARN("Attempt to unlock a non locked region\n");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_LOCKED;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+EXIT:    
+    SHMRelease();
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEGetSHMFileLocks(
+    LPCSTR filename,
+    SHMPTR *pshmFileLocks,
+    BOOL noCreate
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMPTR shmPtrRet = 0;
+    SHMFILELOCKS *filelocksPtr, *nextFilelocksPtr;
+    char *unix_filename;
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    shmPtrRet = SHMGetInfo(SIID_FILE_LOCKS);
+
+    while(shmPtrRet != 0)
+    {        
+        if ( (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, filelocksPtr, shmPtrRet) == FALSE) ||
+             (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(char, unix_filename, filelocksPtr->unix_filename) == FALSE))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+        if (unix_filename == NULL)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unexpected lock file name value.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        
+        if (strcmp(unix_filename, filename) == 0)
+        {
+            filelocksPtr->refCount++;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        
+        shmPtrRet = filelocksPtr->next;
+    }
+
+    /* the file has never been locked before.*/
+    shmPtrRet = 0;
+    if (noCreate)
+    {
+      goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Create a new entry in the file lock list in SHM\n");
+
+    /* Create a new entry in the file lock list in SHM */
+    if ((shmPtrRet = SHMalloc(sizeof(SHMFILELOCKS))) == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can't allocate SHMFILELOCKS structure\n");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, filelocksPtr, shmPtrRet) == FALSE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto CLEANUP1;
+    }
+
+    filelocksPtr->unix_filename = SHMStrDup(filename);
+    if (filelocksPtr->unix_filename == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can't allocate shared memory for filename\n");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto CLEANUP1;
+    }
+
+    filelocksPtr->fileLockedRgns = 0;
+    filelocksPtr->prev = 0;
+    filelocksPtr->next = SHMGetInfo(SIID_FILE_LOCKS);
+    filelocksPtr->refCount = 1;
+    filelocksPtr->share_mode = SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITALIZED;
+    filelocksPtr->nbReadAccess = 0;
+    filelocksPtr->nbWriteAccess = 0;
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, nextFilelocksPtr, filelocksPtr->next) == FALSE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto CLEANUP2;
+    }
+    
+    if (nextFilelocksPtr != NULL)
+    {
+        nextFilelocksPtr->prev = shmPtrRet;
+    }
+
+    SHMSetInfo(SIID_FILE_LOCKS, shmPtrRet);
+    goto EXIT;
+
+CLEANUP2:
+    SHMfree(filelocksPtr->unix_filename);
+CLEANUP1:
+    SHMfree(shmPtrRet);
+    shmPtrRet = 0;
+EXIT:    
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        *pshmFileLocks = shmPtrRet;
+    }
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FILEAddNewLockedRgn(
+    SHMFILELOCKS* fileLocks,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance, 
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *insertAfter,
+    UINT64 lockRgnStart, 
+    UINT64 nbBytesToLock, 
+    LOCK_TYPE lockType
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *newLockRgn, *lockRgnPtr;
+    SHMPTR shmNewLockRgn = SHMNULL;
+
+    if ((fileLocks == NULL) || (pvControllerInstance == NULL))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid Null parameter.\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    /* Create a new entry for the new locked region */
+    TRACE("Create a new entry for the new lock region (%I64u %I64u)\n", 
+          lockRgnStart, nbBytesToLock);
+    
+    if ((shmNewLockRgn = SHMalloc(sizeof(SHMFILELOCKRGNS))) == SHMNULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can't allocate SHMFILELOCKRGNS structure\n");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, newLockRgn, shmNewLockRgn) == FALSE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    newLockRgn->processId = GetCurrentProcessId();
+    newLockRgn->pvControllerInstance = pvControllerInstance;
+    newLockRgn->lockRgnStart = lockRgnStart;
+    newLockRgn->nbBytesLocked = nbBytesToLock;
+    newLockRgn->lockType = lockType;
+    
+    /* All locked regions with the same offset should be sorted ascending */
+    /* the sort is based on the length of the locked byte range */
+    if (insertAfter != NULL)
+    {
+        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, lockRgnPtr, insertAfter->next) == FALSE)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, lockRgnPtr, fileLocks->fileLockedRgns) == FALSE)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    while(lockRgnPtr != NULL)
+    {
+        if ( (lockRgnPtr->lockRgnStart == newLockRgn->lockRgnStart) &&
+             (newLockRgn->nbBytesLocked > lockRgnPtr->nbBytesLocked))
+        {
+            insertAfter = lockRgnPtr;
+            if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, lockRgnPtr, lockRgnPtr->next) == FALSE)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+    
+    if (insertAfter != NULL)
+    {       
+        TRACE("Adding lock after the lock rgn (%I64d %I64d)\n", 
+              insertAfter->lockRgnStart,insertAfter->nbBytesLocked);
+        newLockRgn->next = insertAfter->next;
+        insertAfter->next = shmNewLockRgn;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("adding lock into the head of the list\n");
+        newLockRgn->next = fileLocks->fileLockedRgns;
+        fileLocks->fileLockedRgns = shmNewLockRgn;
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError && SHMNULL != shmNewLockRgn)
+    {
+        SHMfree(shmNewLockRgn);
+    }
+   
+    SHMRelease();
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+void
+FILECleanUpLockedRgn(
+    SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+    DWORD dwAccessRights,
+    PVOID pvControllerInstance
+    )
+{
+    SHMFILELOCKRGNS *curLockRgn = NULL, *prevLock = NULL;
+    SHMFILELOCKS *fileLocks, *prevFileLocks, *nextFileLocks;
+    SHMPTR shmcurLockRgn;    
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, fileLocks, shmFileLocks) == FALSE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (fileLocks != NULL)
+    {
+        if(fileLocks->fileLockedRgns !=0)
+        {        
+            shmcurLockRgn = fileLocks->fileLockedRgns;
+            if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, shmcurLockRgn) == FALSE)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+            
+            while(curLockRgn != NULL)
+            {
+                if ((curLockRgn->pvControllerInstance == pvControllerInstance) && 
+                    (curLockRgn->processId == GetCurrentProcessId()))
+                {
+                    /* found the locked rgn to remove from SHM */
+                    TRACE("Removing the locked region (%I64u, %I64u) from SMH\n", 
+                          curLockRgn->lockRgnStart, curLockRgn->nbBytesLocked);
+                    
+                    if (prevLock == NULL) 
+                    {
+                        /* removing the first lock */
+                        fileLocks->fileLockedRgns = curLockRgn->next;
+                        SHMfree(shmcurLockRgn);
+                        shmcurLockRgn = fileLocks->fileLockedRgns;
+                        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, shmcurLockRgn) == FALSE)
+                        {
+                            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                            goto EXIT;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        prevLock->next = curLockRgn->next;
+                        SHMfree(shmcurLockRgn);
+                        shmcurLockRgn = prevLock->next;
+                        if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, shmcurLockRgn) == FALSE)
+                        {
+                            ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                            goto EXIT;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                prevLock = curLockRgn;
+                shmcurLockRgn = curLockRgn->next;
+                if (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKRGNS, curLockRgn, shmcurLockRgn) == FALSE)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                    goto EXIT;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    
+        if (dwAccessRights & GENERIC_READ)
+        {   
+            fileLocks->nbReadAccess--;      
+        }
+        if (dwAccessRights & GENERIC_WRITE)
+        {
+            fileLocks->nbWriteAccess--; 
+        }  
+
+        /* remove the SHMFILELOCKS structure from SHM if there's no more locked 
+           region left and no more reference to it */        
+        if ((--(fileLocks->refCount) == 0) && (fileLocks->fileLockedRgns == 0))
+        {            
+            TRACE("Removing the SHMFILELOCKS structure from SHM\n");
+
+            if ( (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, prevFileLocks, fileLocks->prev) == FALSE) ||
+                 (SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(SHMFILELOCKS, nextFileLocks, fileLocks->next) == FALSE))
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to get pointer from shm pointer.\n");
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+
+            if (prevFileLocks == NULL) 
+            {
+                /* removing the first lock file*/
+                SHMSetInfo(SIID_FILE_LOCKS, fileLocks->next);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                prevFileLocks->next = fileLocks->next;
+            }
+
+            if (nextFileLocks != NULL)
+            {
+                nextFileLocks->prev = fileLocks->prev;
+            }
+
+            if (fileLocks->unix_filename)
+                SHMfree(fileLocks->unix_filename);
+
+            SHMfree(shmFileLocks);
+        }
+    }    
+EXIT:
+    SHMRelease();
+    return;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.hpp b/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..dd7d9b8014
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/file/shmfilelockmgr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmfilelockmgr.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based file lock manager
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHMFILELOCKMGR_H_
+#define _PAL_SHMFILELOCKMGR_H_
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/shm.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    #define SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITALIZED 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+    typedef struct
+    {
+        SHMPTR unix_filename;
+        SHMPTR fileLockedRgns;    
+        UINT refCount;
+        SHMPTR next;
+        SHMPTR prev;
+        DWORD  share_mode; /* FILE_SHARE_READ, FILE_SHARE_WRITE, 
+                              FILE_SHARE_DELETE,  0 ( not shared ) or
+                              SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITALIZED */
+        int nbReadAccess;  /* used to keep track of the minimal
+                              access permissions */
+        int nbWriteAccess;
+    } SHMFILELOCKS;
+
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        USER_LOCK_RGN, /* Used only for user locks (LockFile or UnlockFile call) */
+        RDWR_LOCK_RGN  /* Used to distinguish between the user locks and the internal 
+                          locks made when  reading, writing or truncating file */
+    } LOCK_TYPE;
+
+    typedef struct
+    {
+        DWORD processId;
+        PVOID pvControllerInstance;
+        UINT64 lockRgnStart; 
+        UINT64 nbBytesLocked;
+        LOCK_TYPE lockType;
+
+        SHMPTR next;
+    } SHMFILELOCKRGNS;
+    
+    class CSharedMemoryFileLockMgr : public IFileLockManager
+    {
+    public:
+        
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetLockControllerForFile(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            LPCSTR szFileName,
+            DWORD dwAccessRights,
+            DWORD dwShareMode,
+            IFileLockController **ppLockController  // OUT
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetFileShareModeForFile(
+            LPCSTR szFileName,
+            DWORD* pdwShareMode);
+    };
+
+    class CSharedMemoryFileLockController : public IFileLockController
+    {
+        template <class T> friend void InternalDelete(T *p);
+
+    private:
+        DWORD m_dwAccessRights;
+        SHMPTR m_shmFileLocks;
+    protected:
+        virtual ~CSharedMemoryFileLockController()
+        {
+        };
+        
+    public:
+
+        CSharedMemoryFileLockController(
+            DWORD dwAccessRights,
+            SHMPTR shmFileLocks
+            )
+            :
+            m_dwAccessRights(dwAccessRights),
+            m_shmFileLocks(shmFileLocks)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetTransactionLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            FileTransactionLockType eLockType,
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+            IFileTransactionLock **ppTransactionLock    // OUT
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CreateFileLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+            FileLockExclusivity eFileLockExclusivity,
+            FileLockWaitMode eFileLockWaitMode
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReleaseFileLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseController();
+    };
+
+    class CSharedMemoryFileTransactionLock : public IFileTransactionLock
+    {
+        template <class T> friend void InternalDelete(T *p);
+          
+    private:
+
+        SHMPTR m_shmFileLocks;
+        PVOID m_pvControllerInstance;
+        UINT64 m_lockRgnStart;
+        UINT64 m_nbBytesToLock;
+    protected:
+        virtual ~CSharedMemoryFileTransactionLock()
+        {
+        };
+        
+    public:
+
+        CSharedMemoryFileTransactionLock(
+            SHMPTR shmFileLocks,
+            PVOID pvControllerInstance,
+            UINT64 lockRgnStart,
+            UINT64 nbBytesToLock
+            )
+            :
+            m_shmFileLocks(shmFileLocks),
+            m_pvControllerInstance(pvControllerInstance),
+            m_lockRgnStart(lockRgnStart),
+            m_nbBytesToLock(nbBytesToLock)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseLock();
+    };
+}
+
+#endif /* _PAL_SHMFILELOCKMGR_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handleapi.cpp b/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handleapi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6b99a85cf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handleapi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    handleapi.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the handle management APIs
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/handleapi.hpp"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(HANDLE);
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotDuplicateHandle(TRUE);
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CloseSpecialHandle(
+    HANDLE hObject
+    );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DuplicateHandle
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+PAL-specific behavior :
+    -Source and Target process needs to be the current process.
+    -lpTargetHandle must be non-NULL
+    -dwDesiredAccess is ignored
+    -bInheritHandle must be FALSE
+    -dwOptions must be a combo of DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS and
+               DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+DuplicateHandle(
+        IN HANDLE hSourceProcessHandle,
+        IN HANDLE hSourceHandle,
+        IN HANDLE hTargetProcessHandle,
+        OUT LPHANDLE lpTargetHandle,
+        IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        IN DWORD dwOptions)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(DuplicateHandle);
+    ENTRY("DuplicateHandle( hSrcProcHandle=%p, hSrcHandle=%p, "
+          "hTargetProcHandle=%p, lpTargetHandle=%p, dwAccess=%#x, "
+          "bInheritHandle=%d, dwOptions=%#x) \n", hSourceProcessHandle,
+          hSourceHandle, hTargetProcessHandle, lpTargetHandle,
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, dwOptions);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalDuplicateHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hSourceProcessHandle,
+        hSourceHandle,
+        hTargetProcessHandle,
+        lpTargetHandle,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        dwOptions
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("DuplicateHandle returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(DuplicateHandle);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalDuplicateHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hSourceProcess,
+    HANDLE hSource,
+    HANDLE hTargetProcess,
+    LPHANDLE phDuplicate,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    BOOL bInheritHandle,
+    DWORD dwOptions
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjSource = NULL;
+    
+    DWORD source_process_id;
+    DWORD target_process_id;
+    DWORD cur_process_id;
+
+    cur_process_id = GetCurrentProcessId();
+    source_process_id = PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hSourceProcess);
+    target_process_id = PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hTargetProcess);
+
+    /* Check validity of process handles */
+    if (0 == source_process_id || 0 == target_process_id)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't duplicate handle: invalid source or destination process");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    /* At least source or target process should be the current process. */
+    if (source_process_id != cur_process_id
+        && target_process_id != cur_process_id)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't duplicate handle : neither source or destination"
+               "processes are from current process");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    if (FALSE != bInheritHandle)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't duplicate handle : bInheritHandle is not FALSE.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    if (dwOptions & ~(DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS | DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE))
+    {
+        ASSERT(
+            "Can't duplicate handle : dwOptions is %#x which is not "
+            "a subset of (DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS|DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE) "
+            "(%#x).\n",
+            dwOptions,
+            DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS | DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+    
+    if (0 == (dwOptions & DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS))
+    {
+        ASSERT(
+            "Can't duplicate handle : dwOptions is %#x which does not "
+            "include DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS (%#x).\n",
+            dwOptions,
+            DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    if (NULL == phDuplicate)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't duplicate handle : lpTargetHandle is NULL.\n");
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    /* Since handles can be remoted to others processes using PAL_LocalHsndleToRemote
+       and PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal, DuplicateHandle needs some special handling
+       when this scenario occurs.
+
+       if hSourceProcessHandle is from another process OR
+       hTargetProcessHandle is from another process but both aren't
+       ( handled above ) return hSourceHandle.
+    */
+    if (source_process_id != cur_process_id
+        || target_process_id != cur_process_id)
+    {
+        *phDuplicate = hSource;
+        palError = NO_ERROR;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Obtain the source IPalObject
+    //
+
+    if (!HandleIsSpecial(hSource))
+    {
+        palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            pThread,
+            hSource,
+            &aotDuplicateHandle,
+            dwDesiredAccess,
+            &pobjSource
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to get object for source handle %p (%i)\n", hSource, palError);
+            goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+        }            
+    }
+    else if (hPseudoCurrentProcess == hSource)
+    {
+        TRACE("Duplicating process pseudo handle(%p)\n", hSource);
+
+        pobjSource = g_pobjProcess;
+        pobjSource->AddReference();
+    }
+    else if (hPseudoCurrentThread == hSource)
+    {
+        TRACE("Duplicating thread pseudo handle(%p)\n", hSource);
+
+        pobjSource = pThread->GetThreadObject();
+        pobjSource->AddReference();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Duplication not supported for this special handle (%p)\n", hSource);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalDuplicateHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjSource,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        NULL,
+        phDuplicate
+        );
+
+InternalDuplicateHandleExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjSource)
+    {
+        pobjSource->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (dwOptions & DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE)
+    {
+        //
+        // Since DUPLICATE_CLOSE_SOURCE was specified the source handle
+        // MUST be closed, even if an error occurred during the duplication
+        // process
+        //
+        
+        TRACE("DuplicateHandle closing source handle %p\n", hSource);
+        InternalCloseHandle(pThread, hSource);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CloseHandle
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Note : according to MSDN, FALSE is returned in case of error. But also
+according to MSDN, closing an invalid handle raises an exception when running a
+debugger [or, alternately, if a special registry key is set]. This behavior is
+not required in the PAL, so we'll always return FALSE.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CloseHandle(
+        IN OUT HANDLE hObject)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CloseHandle);
+    ENTRY("CloseHandle (hObject=%p) \n", hObject);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCloseHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CloseHandle returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(CloseHandle);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCloseHandle(
+    CPalThread * pThread,
+    HANDLE hObject
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    if (!HandleIsSpecial(hObject))
+    {
+        palError = g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(
+            pThread,
+            hObject
+            );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = CloseSpecialHandle(hObject);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CloseSpecialHandle(
+    HANDLE hObject
+    )
+{
+    if ((hObject == hPseudoCurrentThread) ||
+        (hObject == hPseudoCurrentProcess))
+    {
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handlemgr.cpp b/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handlemgr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3516287af5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/handlemgr/handlemgr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,327 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    handlemgr.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of a basic handle table
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(HANDLE);
+
+/* Constants */
+/* Special handles */
+/* Pseudo handles constant for current thread and process */
+const HANDLE hPseudoCurrentProcess = (HANDLE) 0xFFFFFF01;
+const HANDLE hPseudoCurrentThread  = (HANDLE) 0xFFFFFF03;
+/* Pseudo handle constant for the global IO Completion port */
+const HANDLE hPseudoGlobalIOCP  = (HANDLE) 0xFFFFFF05;
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSimpleHandleManager::Initialize(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_csLock);
+    m_fLockInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    m_dwTableGrowthRate = c_BasicGrowthRate;
+
+    /* initialize the handle table - the free list is stored in the 'object'
+       field, with the head in the global 'm_hiFreeListStart'. */
+    m_dwTableSize = m_dwTableGrowthRate;
+    
+    m_rghteHandleTable = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY*>(InternalMalloc((m_dwTableSize * sizeof(HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY))));
+    if(NULL == m_rghteHandleTable)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to create initial handle table array");
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto InitializeExit;
+    }
+
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < m_dwTableSize; i++)
+    {
+        m_rghteHandleTable[i].u.hiNextIndex = i + 1;
+        m_rghteHandleTable[i].fEntryAllocated = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    m_rghteHandleTable[m_dwTableSize - 1].u.hiNextIndex = (HANDLE_INDEX)-1;
+    
+    m_hiFreeListStart = 0;
+    m_hiFreeListEnd = m_dwTableSize - 1;
+
+    TRACE("Handle Manager initialization complete.\n");
+
+InitializeExit:
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSimpleHandleManager::AllocateHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObject,
+    DWORD dwAccessRights,
+    bool fInheritable,
+    HANDLE *ph
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    DWORD dwIndex;
+
+    Lock(pThread);
+
+    /* if no free handles are available, we need to grow the handle table and
+       add new handles to the pool */
+    if (m_hiFreeListStart == c_hiInvalid)
+    {
+        HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY* rghteTempTable;
+
+        TRACE("Handle pool empty (%d handles allocated), growing handle table "
+              "by %d entries.\n", m_dwTableSize, m_dwTableGrowthRate );
+
+        /* make sure handle values don't overflow */
+        if (m_dwTableSize + m_dwTableGrowthRate >= c_MaxIndex)
+        {
+            WARN("Unable to allocate handle : maximum (%d) reached!\n",
+                 m_dwTableSize);
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto AllocateHandleExit;
+        }
+
+        /* grow handle table */
+        rghteTempTable = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY*>(InternalRealloc(
+            m_rghteHandleTable,
+            (m_dwTableSize + m_dwTableGrowthRate) * sizeof(HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY)));
+        
+        if (NULL == rghteTempTable)
+        {
+            WARN("not enough memory to grow handle table!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto AllocateHandleExit;
+        }
+        m_rghteHandleTable = rghteTempTable;
+
+        /* update handle table and handle pool */
+        for (DWORD dw = m_dwTableSize; dw < m_dwTableSize + m_dwTableGrowthRate; dw += 1)
+        {
+            /* new handles are initially invalid */
+            /* the last "old" handle was m_dwTableSize-1, so the new
+               handles range from m_dwTableSize to
+               m_dwTableSize+m_dwTableGrowthRate-1 */
+            m_rghteHandleTable[dw].u.hiNextIndex = dw + 1;
+            m_rghteHandleTable[dw].fEntryAllocated = FALSE;
+        }
+
+        m_hiFreeListStart = m_dwTableSize;
+        m_dwTableSize += m_dwTableGrowthRate;
+        m_rghteHandleTable[m_dwTableSize - 1].u.hiNextIndex = (HANDLE_INDEX)-1;
+        m_hiFreeListEnd = m_dwTableSize - 1;
+        
+    }
+
+    /* take the next free handle */
+    dwIndex = m_hiFreeListStart;
+
+    /* remove the handle from the pool */
+    m_hiFreeListStart = m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].u.hiNextIndex;
+    
+    /* clear the tail record if this is the last handle slot available */
+    if(m_hiFreeListStart == c_hiInvalid) 
+    {
+        m_hiFreeListEnd = c_hiInvalid;
+    }
+
+    /* save the data associated with the new handle */
+    *ph = HandleIndexToHandle(dwIndex);
+    
+    pObject->AddReference();
+    m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].u.pObject = pObject;
+    m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].dwAccessRights = dwAccessRights;
+    m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].fInheritable = fInheritable;
+    m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].fEntryAllocated = TRUE;
+
+AllocateHandleExit:
+
+    Unlock(pThread);
+
+    return palError;    
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSimpleHandleManager::GetObjectFromHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE h,
+    DWORD *pdwRightsGranted,
+    IPalObject **ppObject
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    HANDLE_INDEX hi;
+
+    Lock(pThread);
+    
+    if (!ValidateHandle(h))
+    {
+        ERROR("Tried to dereference an invalid handle %p\n", h);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto GetObjectFromHandleExit;
+    }
+    
+    hi = HandleToHandleIndex(h);
+
+    *pdwRightsGranted = m_rghteHandleTable[hi].dwAccessRights;
+    *ppObject = m_rghteHandleTable[hi].u.pObject;
+    (*ppObject)->AddReference();
+    
+GetObjectFromHandleExit:
+
+    Unlock(pThread);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSimpleHandleManager::FreeHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE h
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobj = NULL;
+    HANDLE_INDEX hi = HandleToHandleIndex(h);
+
+    Lock(pThread);
+
+    if (!ValidateHandle(h))
+    {
+        ERROR("Trying to free invalid handle %p.\n", h);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto FreeHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    if (HandleIsSpecial(h))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Trying to free Special Handle %p.\n", h);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto FreeHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    pobj = m_rghteHandleTable[hi].u.pObject;
+    m_rghteHandleTable[hi].fEntryAllocated = FALSE;
+
+    /* add handle to the free pool */
+    if(m_hiFreeListEnd != c_hiInvalid)
+    {
+        m_rghteHandleTable[m_hiFreeListEnd].u.hiNextIndex = hi;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        m_hiFreeListStart = hi;
+    }
+    
+    m_rghteHandleTable[hi].u.hiNextIndex = c_hiInvalid;
+    m_hiFreeListEnd = hi;
+
+FreeHandleExit:    
+
+    Unlock(pThread);
+
+    if (NULL != pobj)
+    {
+        pobj->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    ValidateHandle
+
+    Check if a handle was allocated by this handle manager
+
+Parameters :
+    HANDLE handle : handle to check.
+
+Return Value :
+    TRUE if valid, FALSE if invalid.
+--*/
+bool CSimpleHandleManager::ValidateHandle(HANDLE handle)
+{
+    DWORD dwIndex;
+    
+    if (NULL == m_rghteHandleTable)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Handle Manager is not initialized!\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || handle == 0)
+    {
+        TRACE( "INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE or NULL value is not a valid handle.\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (HandleIsSpecial(handle))
+    {
+        //
+        // Special handles are valid in the general sense. They are not valid
+        // in this context, though, as they were not allocated by the handle
+        // manager. Hitting this case indicates a logic error within the PAL
+        // (since clients of the handle manager should have already dealt with
+        // the specialness of the handle) so we assert here.
+        //
+        
+        ASSERT ("Handle %p is a special handle, returning FALSE.\n", handle);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    dwIndex = HandleToHandleIndex(handle);
+
+    if (dwIndex >= m_dwTableSize)
+    {
+        WARN( "The handle value(%p) is out of the bounds for the handle table.\n", handle );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!m_rghteHandleTable[dwIndex].fEntryAllocated)
+    {
+        WARN("The handle value (%p) has not been allocated\n", handle);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+bool
+CorUnix::HandleIsSpecial(
+    HANDLE h
+    )
+{
+    return (hPseudoCurrentProcess == h ||
+            hPseudoCurrentThread == h ||
+            hPseudoGlobalIOCP == h);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/cert.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cert.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77c7f28d1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cert.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/cert.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for cert structures
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_CERT_HPP_
+#define _PAL_CERT_HPP_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+#include <Security/Security.h>
+
+CorUnix::PAL_ERROR OIDToStr(CSSM_DATA &data, CHAR *&oidStrOut);
+
+CSSM_RETURN InitCSSMModule(const CSSM_GUID *inGuid, CSSM_SERVICE_TYPE inService, 
+    CSSM_MODULE_HANDLE_PTR outModule);
+CSSM_RETURN TermCSSMModule(const CSSM_GUID *inGuid, CSSM_MODULE_HANDLE_PTR inModule);
+
+#endif // !_PAL_CERT_HPP_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/context.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/context.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e378942fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/context.h
@@ -0,0 +1,641 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/context.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for thread context utility functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_CONTEXT_H_
+#define _PAL_CONTEXT_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+/* A type to wrap the native context type, which is ucontext_t on some
+ * platforms and another type elsewhere. */
+#if HAVE_UCONTEXT_T
+#include <ucontext.h>
+
+typedef ucontext_t native_context_t;
+#else   // HAVE_UCONTEXT_T
+#error Native context type is not known on this platform!
+#endif  // HAVE_UCONTEXT_T
+#else // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <mach/kern_return.h>
+#include <mach/mach_port.h>
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS else
+
+#if HAVE___GREGSET_T
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+#define MCREG_Rbx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RBX])
+#define MCREG_Rcx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RCX])
+#define MCREG_Rdx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RDX])
+#define MCREG_Rsi(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RSI])
+#define MCREG_Rdi(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RDI])
+#define MCREG_Rbp(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RBP])
+#define MCREG_Rax(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RAX])
+#define MCREG_Rip(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RIP])
+#define MCREG_Rsp(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RSP])
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     ((mc).__gregs[_REG_CS])
+#define MCREG_SegSs(mc)     ((mc).__gregs[_REG_SS])
+#define MCREG_R8(mc)        ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R8])
+#define MCREG_R9(mc)        ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R9])
+#define MCREG_R10(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R10])
+#define MCREG_R11(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R11])
+#define MCREG_R12(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R12])
+#define MCREG_R13(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R13])
+#define MCREG_R14(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R14])
+#define MCREG_R15(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_R15])
+#define MCREG_EFlags(mc)    ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RFLAGS])
+
+#define FPREG_Xmm(uc, index) *(M128A*)&(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_xmm[index])
+
+#define FPREG_St(uc, index) *(M128A*)&(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_87_ac[index])
+
+#define FPREG_ControlWord(uc) (((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_cw)
+#define FPREG_StatusWord(uc) (((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_sw)
+#define FPREG_TagWord(uc) (((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_tw)
+#define FPREG_ErrorOffset(uc) (*(DWORD*) &(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_ip))
+#define FPREG_ErrorSelector(uc) *((WORD*) &(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_ip) + 2)
+#define FPREG_DataOffset(uc) (*(DWORD*) &(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_dp))
+#define FPREG_DataSelector(uc) *((WORD*) &(((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_dp) + 2)
+#define FPREG_MxCsr(uc) (((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_mxcsr)
+#define FPREG_MxCsr_Mask(uc) (((struct fxsave*)(&(uc)->uc_mcontext.__fpregs))->fx_mxcsr_mask)
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#define MCREG_Ebx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EBX])
+#define MCREG_Ecx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_ECX])
+#define MCREG_Edx(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EDX])
+#define MCREG_Esi(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_ESI])
+#define MCREG_Edi(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EDI])
+#define MCREG_Ebp(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EBP])
+#define MCREG_Eax(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EAX])
+#define MCREG_Eip(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_EIP])
+#define MCREG_Esp(mc)       ((mc).__gregs[_REG_ESP])
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     ((mc).__gregs[_REG_CS])
+#define MCREG_SegSs(mc)     ((mc).__gregs[_REG_SS])
+#define MCREG_EFlags(mc)    ((mc).__gregs[_REG_RFLAGS])
+
+#endif // BIT64
+
+#elif HAVE_GREGSET_T
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+#define MCREG_Rbx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RBX])
+#define MCREG_Rcx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RCX])
+#define MCREG_Rdx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RDX])
+#define MCREG_Rsi(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RSI])
+#define MCREG_Rdi(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RDI])
+#define MCREG_Rbp(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RBP])
+#define MCREG_Rax(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RAX])
+#define MCREG_Rip(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RIP])
+#define MCREG_Rsp(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_RSP])
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     (*(WORD*)&((mc).gregs[REG_CSGSFS]))
+#define MCREG_R8(mc)        ((mc).gregs[REG_R8])
+#define MCREG_R9(mc)        ((mc).gregs[REG_R9])
+#define MCREG_R10(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R10])
+#define MCREG_R11(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R11])
+#define MCREG_R12(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R12])
+#define MCREG_R13(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R13])
+#define MCREG_R14(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R14])
+#define MCREG_R15(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_R15])
+
+#define FPREG_Fpstate(uc) ((uc)->uc_mcontext.fpregs)
+#define FPREG_Xmm(uc, index) *(M128A*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->_xmm[index])
+
+#define FPREG_St(uc, index) *(M128A*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->_st[index])
+
+#define FPREG_ControlWord(uc) (FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->cwd)
+#define FPREG_StatusWord(uc) (FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->swd)
+#define FPREG_TagWord(uc) (FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->ftw)
+#define FPREG_ErrorOffset(uc) *(DWORD*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->rip)
+#define FPREG_ErrorSelector(uc) *(((WORD*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->rip)) + 2)
+#define FPREG_DataOffset(uc) *(DWORD*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->rdp)
+#define FPREG_DataSelector(uc) *(((WORD*)&(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->rdp)) + 2)
+#define FPREG_MxCsr(uc) (FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->mxcsr)
+#define FPREG_MxCsr_Mask(uc) (FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->mxcr_mask)
+
+/////////////////////
+// Extended state
+
+inline _fpx_sw_bytes *FPREG_FpxSwBytes(const ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    // Bytes 464..511 in the FXSAVE format are available for software to use for any purpose. In this case, they are used to
+    // indicate information about extended state.
+    _ASSERTE(reinterpret_cast<UINT8 *>(&FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->padding[12]) - reinterpret_cast<UINT8 *>(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)) == 464);
+
+    _ASSERTE(FPREG_Fpstate(uc) != nullptr);
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<_fpx_sw_bytes *>(&FPREG_Fpstate(uc)->padding[12]);
+}
+
+inline UINT32 FPREG_ExtendedSize(const ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(FPREG_FpxSwBytes(uc)->magic1 == FP_XSTATE_MAGIC1);
+    return FPREG_FpxSwBytes(uc)->extended_size;
+}
+
+inline bool FPREG_HasExtendedState(const ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    // See comments in /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu/asm/sigcontext.h for info on how to detect if extended state is present
+    static_assert_no_msg(FP_XSTATE_MAGIC2_SIZE == sizeof(UINT32));
+
+    if (FPREG_FpxSwBytes(uc)->magic1 != FP_XSTATE_MAGIC1)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    UINT32 extendedSize = FPREG_ExtendedSize(uc);
+    if (extendedSize < sizeof(_xstate))
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    _ASSERTE(extendedSize >= FP_XSTATE_MAGIC2_SIZE);
+    return *reinterpret_cast<UINT32 *>(reinterpret_cast<UINT8 *>(FPREG_Fpstate(uc)) + (extendedSize - FP_XSTATE_MAGIC2_SIZE))
+           == FP_XSTATE_MAGIC2;
+}
+
+inline void *FPREG_Xstate_Ymmh(const ucontext_t *uc)
+{
+    static_assert_no_msg(sizeof(reinterpret_cast<_xstate *>(FPREG_Fpstate(uc))->ymmh.ymmh_space) == 16 * 16);
+    _ASSERTE(FPREG_HasExtendedState(uc));
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<_xstate *>(FPREG_Fpstate(uc))->ymmh.ymmh_space;
+}
+
+/////////////////////
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#define MCREG_Ebx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EBX])
+#define MCREG_Ecx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_ECX])
+#define MCREG_Edx(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EDX])
+#define MCREG_Esi(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_ESI])
+#define MCREG_Edi(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EDI])
+#define MCREG_Ebp(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EBP])
+#define MCREG_Eax(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EAX])
+#define MCREG_Eip(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_EIP])
+#define MCREG_Esp(mc)       ((mc).gregs[REG_ESP])
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     ((mc).gregs[REG_CS])
+#define MCREG_SegSs(mc)     ((mc).gregs[REG_SS])
+
+#endif // BIT64
+
+#define MCREG_EFlags(mc)    ((mc).gregs[REG_EFL])
+
+#else // HAVE_GREGSET_T
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+
+#if defined(_ARM64_)
+#define MCREG_X0(mc)      ((mc).regs[0])
+#define MCREG_X1(mc)      ((mc).regs[1])
+#define MCREG_X2(mc)      ((mc).regs[2])
+#define MCREG_X3(mc)      ((mc).regs[3])
+#define MCREG_X4(mc)      ((mc).regs[4])
+#define MCREG_X5(mc)      ((mc).regs[5])
+#define MCREG_X6(mc)      ((mc).regs[6])
+#define MCREG_X7(mc)      ((mc).regs[7])
+#define MCREG_X8(mc)      ((mc).regs[8])
+#define MCREG_X9(mc)      ((mc).regs[9])
+#define MCREG_X10(mc)     ((mc).regs[10])
+#define MCREG_X11(mc)     ((mc).regs[11])
+#define MCREG_X12(mc)     ((mc).regs[12])
+#define MCREG_X13(mc)     ((mc).regs[13])
+#define MCREG_X14(mc)     ((mc).regs[14])
+#define MCREG_X15(mc)     ((mc).regs[15])
+#define MCREG_X16(mc)     ((mc).regs[16])
+#define MCREG_X17(mc)     ((mc).regs[17])
+#define MCREG_X18(mc)     ((mc).regs[18])
+#define MCREG_X19(mc)     ((mc).regs[19])
+#define MCREG_X20(mc)     ((mc).regs[20])
+#define MCREG_X21(mc)     ((mc).regs[21])
+#define MCREG_X22(mc)     ((mc).regs[22])
+#define MCREG_X23(mc)     ((mc).regs[23])
+#define MCREG_X24(mc)     ((mc).regs[24])
+#define MCREG_X25(mc)     ((mc).regs[25])
+#define MCREG_X26(mc)     ((mc).regs[26])
+#define MCREG_X27(mc)     ((mc).regs[27])
+#define MCREG_X28(mc)     ((mc).regs[28])
+#define MCREG_Fp(mc)      ((mc).regs[29])
+#define MCREG_Lr(mc)      ((mc).regs[30])
+
+#define MCREG_Sp(mc)      ((mc).sp)
+#define MCREG_Pc(mc)      ((mc).pc)
+#define MCREG_PState(mc)  ((mc).pstate)
+#define MCREG_Cpsr(mc)    ((mc).cpsr)
+#else
+    // For FreeBSD, as found in x86/ucontext.h
+#define MCREG_Rbp(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rbp)
+#define MCREG_Rip(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rip)
+#define MCREG_Rsp(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rsp)
+#define MCREG_Rsi(mc)       ((mc).mc_rsi)
+#define MCREG_Rdi(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rdi)
+#define MCREG_Rbx(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rbx)
+#define MCREG_Rdx(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rdx)
+#define MCREG_Rcx(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rcx)
+#define MCREG_Rax(mc)	    ((mc).mc_rax)
+#define MCREG_R8(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r8)
+#define MCREG_R9(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r9)
+#define MCREG_R10(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r10)
+#define MCREG_R11(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r11)
+#define MCREG_R12(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r12)
+#define MCREG_R13(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r13)
+#define MCREG_R14(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r14)
+#define MCREG_R15(mc)	    ((mc).mc_r15)
+#define MCREG_EFlags(mc)    ((mc).mc_rflags)
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     ((mc).mc_cs)
+
+  // from x86/fpu.h: struct __envxmm64
+#define FPSTATE(uc)             ((savefpu*)((uc)->uc_mcontext.mc_fpstate))
+#define FPREG_ControlWord(uc)   FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_cw
+#define FPREG_StatusWord(uc)    FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_sw
+#define FPREG_TagWord(uc)       FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_tw
+#define FPREG_MxCsr(uc)         FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_mxcsr
+#define FPREG_MxCsr_Mask(uc)    FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_mxcsr_mask
+#define FPREG_ErrorOffset(uc)   *(DWORD*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_rip)
+#define FPREG_ErrorSelector(uc) *((WORD*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_rip) + 2)
+#define FPREG_DataOffset(uc)    *(DWORD*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_rdp)
+#define FPREG_DataSelector(uc)  *((WORD*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_env.en_rdp) + 2)
+
+#define FPREG_Xmm(uc, index)    *(M128A*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_xmm[index])
+#define FPREG_St(uc, index)     *(M128A*) &(FPSTATE(uc)->sv_fp[index].fp_acc)
+#endif
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#if defined(_ARM_)
+
+#define MCREG_R0(mc)        ((mc).arm_r0)
+#define MCREG_R1(mc)        ((mc).arm_r1)
+#define MCREG_R2(mc)        ((mc).arm_r2)
+#define MCREG_R3(mc)        ((mc).arm_r3)
+#define MCREG_R4(mc)        ((mc).arm_r4)
+#define MCREG_R5(mc)        ((mc).arm_r5)
+#define MCREG_R6(mc)        ((mc).arm_r6)
+#define MCREG_R7(mc)        ((mc).arm_r7)
+#define MCREG_R8(mc)        ((mc).arm_r8)
+#define MCREG_R9(mc)        ((mc).arm_r9)
+#define MCREG_R10(mc)       ((mc).arm_r10)
+#define MCREG_R11(mc)       ((mc).arm_fp)
+#define MCREG_R12(mc)       ((mc).arm_ip)
+#define MCREG_Sp(mc)        ((mc).arm_sp)
+#define MCREG_Lr(mc)        ((mc).arm_lr)
+#define MCREG_Pc(mc)        ((mc).arm_pc)
+#define MCREG_Cpsr(mc)      ((mc).arm_cpsr)
+
+#elif defined(_X86_)
+
+#define MCREG_Ebx(mc)       ((mc).mc_ebx)
+#define MCREG_Ecx(mc)       ((mc).mc_ecx)
+#define MCREG_Edx(mc)       ((mc).mc_edx)
+#define MCREG_Esi(mc)       ((mc).mc_esi)
+#define MCREG_Edi(mc)       ((mc).mc_edi)
+#define MCREG_Ebp(mc)       ((mc).mc_ebp)
+#define MCREG_Eax(mc)       ((mc).mc_eax)
+#define MCREG_Eip(mc)       ((mc).mc_eip)
+#define MCREG_SegCs(mc)     ((mc).mc_cs)
+#define MCREG_EFlags(mc)    ((mc).mc_eflags)
+#define MCREG_Esp(mc)       ((mc).mc_esp)
+#define MCREG_SegSs(mc)     ((mc).mc_ss)
+
+#else
+#error "Unsupported arch"
+#endif
+
+#endif // BIT64
+
+#endif // HAVE_GREGSET_T
+
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+#define PTREG_Rbx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rbx)
+#define PTREG_Rcx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rcx)
+#define PTREG_Rdx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rdx)
+#define PTREG_Rsi(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rsi)
+#define PTREG_Rdi(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rdi)
+#define PTREG_Rbp(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rbp)
+#define PTREG_Rax(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rax)
+#define PTREG_Rip(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rip)
+#define PTREG_SegCs(ptreg)  ((ptreg).cs)
+#define PTREG_SegSs(ptreg)  ((ptreg).ss)
+#define PTREG_Rsp(ptreg)    ((ptreg).rsp)
+#define PTREG_R8(ptreg)     ((ptreg).r8)
+#define PTREG_R9(ptreg)     ((ptreg).r9)
+#define PTREG_R10(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r10)
+#define PTREG_R11(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r11)
+#define PTREG_R12(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r12)
+#define PTREG_R13(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r13)
+#define PTREG_R14(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r14)
+#define PTREG_R15(ptreg)    ((ptreg).r15)
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#if defined(_ARM_)
+#define PTREG_R0(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[0])
+#define PTREG_R1(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[1])
+#define PTREG_R2(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[2])
+#define PTREG_R3(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[3])
+#define PTREG_R4(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[4])
+#define PTREG_R5(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[5])
+#define PTREG_R6(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[6])
+#define PTREG_R7(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[7])
+#define PTREG_R8(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[8])
+#define PTREG_R9(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[9])
+#define PTREG_R10(ptreg)       ((ptreg).uregs[10])
+#define PTREG_R11(ptreg)       ((ptreg).uregs[11])
+#define PTREG_R12(ptreg)       ((ptreg).uregs[12])
+#define PTREG_Sp(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[13])
+#define PTREG_Lr(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[14])
+#define PTREG_Pc(ptreg)        ((ptreg).uregs[15])
+#define PTREG_Cpsr(ptreg)      ((ptreg).uregs[16])
+#elif defined(_X86_)
+#define PTREG_Ebx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).ebx)
+#define PTREG_Ecx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).ecx)
+#define PTREG_Edx(ptreg)    ((ptreg).edx)
+#define PTREG_Esi(ptreg)    ((ptreg).esi)
+#define PTREG_Edi(ptreg)    ((ptreg).edi)
+#define PTREG_Ebp(ptreg)    ((ptreg).ebp)
+#define PTREG_Eax(ptreg)    ((ptreg).eax)
+#define PTREG_Eip(ptreg)    ((ptreg).eip)
+#define PTREG_SegCs(ptreg)  ((ptreg).xcs)
+#define PTREG_SegSs(ptreg)  ((ptreg).xss)
+#define PTREG_Esp(ptreg)    ((ptreg).esp)
+#else
+#error "Unsupported arch"
+#endif
+
+#endif // BIT64
+
+
+#define PTREG_EFlags(ptreg) ((ptreg).eflags)
+
+#endif // HAVE_PT_REGS
+
+
+
+#if HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+
+#ifndef BSD_REGS_STYLE
+#error "struct reg" has unrecognized format
+#endif
+
+#ifdef BIT64
+
+#define BSDREG_Rbx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RBX,rbx)
+#define BSDREG_Rcx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RCX,rcx)
+#define BSDREG_Rdx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RDX,rdx)
+#define BSDREG_Rsi(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RSI,rsi)
+#define BSDREG_Rdi(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RDI,rdi)
+#define BSDREG_Rbp(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RBP,rbp)
+#define BSDREG_Rax(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RAX,rax)
+#define BSDREG_Rip(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RIP,rip)
+#define BSDREG_SegCs(reg)   BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,CS,cs)
+#define BSDREG_SegSs(reg)   BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,SS,ss)
+#define BSDREG_Rsp(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RSP,rsp)
+#define BSDREG_R8(reg)      BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R8,r8)
+#define BSDREG_R9(reg)      BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R9,r9)
+#define BSDREG_R10(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R10,r10)
+#define BSDREG_R11(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R11,r11)
+#define BSDREG_R12(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R12,r12)
+#define BSDREG_R13(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R13,r13)
+#define BSDREG_R14(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R14,r14)
+#define BSDREG_R15(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,R15,r15)
+#define BSDREG_EFlags(reg)  BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,RFLAGS,rflags)
+
+#else // BIT64
+
+#define BSDREG_Ebx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EBX,ebx)
+#define BSDREG_Ecx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,ECX,ecx)
+#define BSDREG_Edx(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EDX,edx)
+#define BSDREG_Esi(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,ESI,esi)
+#define BSDREG_Edi(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EDI,edi)
+#define BSDREG_Ebp(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EDP,ebp)
+#define BSDREG_Eax(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EAX,eax)
+#define BSDREG_Eip(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EIP,eip)
+#define BSDREG_SegCs(reg)   BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,CS,cs)
+#define BSDREG_EFlags(reg)  BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,EFLAGS,eflags)
+#define BSDREG_Esp(reg)     BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,ESP,esp)
+#define BSDREG_SegSs(reg)   BSD_REGS_STYLE(reg,SS,ss)
+
+#endif // BIT64
+
+#endif // HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+
+inline static DWORD64 CONTEXTGetPC(LPCONTEXT pContext)
+{
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    return pContext->Rip;
+#elif defined(_ARM64_) || defined(_ARM_)
+    return pContext->Pc;
+#else
+#error don't know how to get the program counter for this architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+inline static void CONTEXTSetPC(LPCONTEXT pContext, DWORD64 pc)
+{
+#if defined(_AMD64_)
+    pContext->Rip = pc;
+#elif defined(_ARM64_) || defined(_ARM_)
+    pContext->Pc = pc;
+#else
+#error don't know how to set the program counter for this architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXT_CaptureContext
+
+    Captures the context of the caller.
+    The returned context is suitable for performing
+    a virtual unwind.
+
+Parameters :
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext : new context
+
+--*/
+void
+CONTEXT_CaptureContext(
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext
+    );
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXT_SetThreadContext
+
+    Processor-dependent implementation of SetThreadContext
+
+Parameters :
+    HANDLE hThread : thread whose context is to be set
+    CONTEXT *lpContext : new context
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_SetThreadContext(
+    DWORD dwProcessId,
+    pthread_t self,
+    CONST CONTEXT *lpContext
+    );
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXT_GetThreadContext
+
+    Processor-dependent implementation of GetThreadContext
+
+Parameters :
+    HANDLE hThread : thread whose context is to retrieved
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext  : destination for thread's context
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContext(
+         DWORD dwProcessId,
+         pthread_t self,
+         LPCONTEXT lpContext);
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+/*++
+Function:
+  CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort
+
+  Helper for GetThreadContext that uses a mach_port
+--*/
+kern_return_t
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort(
+    mach_port_t Port,
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadContextOnPort
+
+  Helper for CONTEXT_SetThreadContext
+--*/
+kern_return_t
+CONTEXT_SetThreadContextOnPort(
+   mach_port_t Port,
+   IN CONST CONTEXT *lpContext);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadContextFromThreadState
+
+  Helper for mach exception support
+--*/
+void
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(
+    thread_state_flavor_t stateFlavor,
+    thread_state_t threadState,
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext);
+
+#else // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTToNativeContext
+    
+    Converts a CONTEXT record to a native context.
+
+Parameters :
+    CONST CONTEXT *lpContext : CONTEXT to convert, including 
+                               flags that determine which registers are valid in
+                               lpContext and which ones to set in native
+    native_context_t *native : native context to fill in
+
+Return value :
+    None
+
+--*/
+void CONTEXTToNativeContext(CONST CONTEXT *lpContext, native_context_t *native);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTFromNativeContext
+    
+    Converts a native context to a CONTEXT record.
+
+Parameters :
+    const native_context_t *native : native context to convert
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext : CONTEXT to fill in
+    ULONG contextFlags : flags that determine which registers are valid in
+                         native and which ones to set in lpContext
+
+Return value :
+    None
+
+--*/
+void CONTEXTFromNativeContext(const native_context_t *native, LPCONTEXT lpContext,
+                              ULONG contextFlags);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    GetNativeContextPC
+    
+    Returns the program counter from the native context.
+
+Parameters :
+    const native_context_t *context : native context
+
+Return value :
+    The program counter from the native context.
+
+--*/
+LPVOID GetNativeContextPC(const native_context_t *context);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal
+    
+    Translates signal and context information to a Win32 exception code.
+
+Parameters :
+    const siginfo_t *siginfo : signal information from a signal handler
+    const native_context_t *context : context information
+
+Return value :
+    The Win32 exception code that corresponds to the signal and context
+    information.
+
+--*/
+DWORD CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal(const siginfo_t *siginfo,
+                                       const native_context_t *context);
+
+#endif  // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS else
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif  // _PAL_CONTEXT_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e9e9503ed3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1359 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    corunix.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Internal interface and object definitions
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _CORUNIX_H
+#define _CORUNIX_H
+
+#include "palinternal.h"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    typedef DWORD PAL_ERROR;
+
+    //
+    // Forward declarations for classes defined in other headers
+    //
+
+    class CPalThread;
+
+    //
+    // Forward declarations for items in this header
+    //
+
+    class CObjectType;
+    class IPalObject;
+
+    //
+    // A simple counted string class. Using counted strings
+    // allows for some optimizations when searching for a matching string.
+    //
+
+    class CPalString
+    {
+    protected:
+
+        const WCHAR *m_pwsz;    // NULL terminated
+
+        //
+        // Length of string, not including terminating NULL
+        //
+        
+        DWORD m_dwStringLength; 
+
+        //
+        // Length of buffer backing string; must be at least 1+dwStringLength
+        //
+
+        DWORD m_dwMaxLength;
+
+    public:
+
+        CPalString()
+            :
+            m_pwsz(NULL),
+            m_dwStringLength(0),
+            m_dwMaxLength(0)
+        {
+        };
+            
+        CPalString(
+            const WCHAR *pwsz
+            )
+        {
+            SetString(pwsz);
+        };
+
+        void
+        SetString(
+            const WCHAR *pwsz
+            )
+        {
+            SetStringWithLength(pwsz, PAL_wcslen(pwsz));
+        };
+
+        void
+        SetStringWithLength(
+            const WCHAR *pwsz,
+            DWORD dwStringLength
+            )
+        {
+            m_pwsz = pwsz;
+            m_dwStringLength = dwStringLength;
+            m_dwMaxLength = m_dwStringLength + 1;
+
+        };
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CopyString(
+            CPalString *psSource
+            );
+
+        void
+        FreeBuffer();
+
+        const WCHAR *
+        GetString()
+        {
+            return m_pwsz;
+        };
+
+        DWORD
+        GetStringLength()
+        {
+            return m_dwStringLength;
+        };
+
+        DWORD
+        GetMaxLength()
+        {
+            return m_dwMaxLength;
+        };
+        
+    };
+
+    //
+    // Signature of the cleanup routine that is to be called for an object
+    // type when:
+    // 1) The object's refcount drops to 0
+    // 2) A process is shutting down
+    // 3) A process has released all local references to the object
+    //
+    // The cleanup routine must only cleanup the object's shared state
+    // when the last parameter (fCleanupSharedSate) is TRUE. When
+    // fCleanupSharedState is FALSE the cleanup routine must not attempt
+    // to access the shared data for the object, as another process may
+    // have already deleted it. ($$REIVEW -- would someone ever need access
+    // to the shared data in order to cleanup process local state?)
+    //
+    // When the third paramter (fShutdown) is TRUE the process is in
+    // the act of exiting. The cleanup routine should not perform any
+    // unnecessary cleanup operations (e.g., closing file descriptors,
+    // since the OS will automatically close them when the process exits)
+    // in this situation.
+    //
+
+    typedef void (*OBJECTCLEANUPROUTINE) (
+        CPalThread *,   // pThread
+        IPalObject *,   // pObjectToCleanup
+        bool,           // fShutdown
+        bool            // fCleanupSharedState
+        );
+
+    //
+    // Signature of the initialization routine that is to be called
+    // when the first reference within a process to an existing
+    // object comes into existence. This routine is responsible for
+    // initializing the object's process local data, based on the
+    // immutable and shared data. The thread that this routine is
+    // called on holds an implicit read lock on the shared data.
+    //
+
+    typedef PAL_ERROR (*OBJECTINITROUTINE) (
+        CPalThread *,   // pThread
+        CObjectType *,  // pObjectType
+        void *,         // pImmutableData
+        void *,         // pSharedData
+        void *          // pProcessLocalData
+        );
+
+    enum PalObjectTypeId
+    {
+        otiAutoResetEvent = 0,
+        otiManualResetEvent,
+        otiMutex,
+        otiNamedMutex,
+        otiSemaphore,
+        otiFile,
+        otiFileMapping,
+        otiSocket,
+        otiProcess,
+        otiThread,
+        otiIOCompletionPort,
+        ObjectTypeIdCount    // This entry must come last in the enumeration
+    };
+
+    //
+    // There should be one instance of CObjectType for each supported
+    // type in a process; this allows for pointer equality tests
+    // to be used (though in general it's probably better to use
+    // checks based on the type ID). All members of this structure are
+    // immutable.
+    //
+    // The data size members control how much space will be allocated for
+    // instances of this object. Any or all of those members may be 0.
+    //
+    // dwSupportedAccessRights is the mask of valid access bits for this
+    // object type. Supported generic rights should not be included in
+    // this member.
+    //
+    // The generic access rights mapping (structure TBD) defines how the
+    // supported generic access rights (e.g., GENERIC_READ) map to the
+    // specific access rights for this object type.
+    //
+    // If instances of this object may have a security descriptor set on
+    // them eSecuritySupport should be set to SecuritySupported. If the OS can
+    // persist security information for the object type (as would be the case
+    // for, say, files) eSecurityPersistence should be set to
+    // OSPersistedSecurityInfo.
+    // 
+    // If the object may have a name eObjectNameSupport should be
+    // ObjectCanHaveName. A named object can be opened in more than one
+    // process.
+    //
+    // If it is possible to duplicate a handle to an object across process
+    // boundaries then eHandleDuplicationSupport should be set to
+    // CrossProcessDuplicationAllowed. Note that it is possible to have
+    // an object type where eObjectNameSupport is ObjectCanHaveName and
+    // eHandleDuplicationSupport is LocalDuplicationOnly. For these object
+    // types an unnamed object instance will only have references from
+    // the creating process.
+    //
+    // If the object may be waited on eSynchronizationSupport should be
+    // WaitableObject. (Note that this implies that object type supports
+    // the SYNCHRONIZE access right.)
+    //
+    // The remaining members describe the wait-object semantics for the
+    // object type when eSynchronizationSupport is WaitableObject:
+    //
+    // * eSignalingSemantics: SingleTransitionObject for objects that, once
+    //   they transition to the signaled state, can never transition back to
+    //   the unsignaled state (e.g., processes and threads)
+    //
+    // * eThreadReleaseSemantics: if ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount the object's
+    //   signal count is decremented when a waiting thread is released; otherwise,
+    //   the signal count is not modified (as is desired for a manual reset event).
+    //   Must be ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects if eSignalingSemantics is
+    //   SingleTransitionObject
+    //
+    // * eOwnershipSemantics: OwnershipTracked only for mutexes, for which the
+    //   previous two items must also ObjectCanBeUnsignaled and
+    //   ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount.
+    //
+
+    class CObjectType
+    {
+    public:
+
+        enum SecuritySupport
+        {
+            SecuritySupported,
+            SecurityNotSupported
+        };
+
+        enum SecurityPersistence
+        {
+            OSPersistedSecurityInfo,
+            SecurityInfoNotPersisted
+        };
+
+        enum ObjectNameSupport
+        {
+            ObjectCanHaveName,
+            UnnamedObject
+        };
+
+        enum HandleDuplicationSupport
+        {
+            CrossProcessDuplicationAllowed,
+            LocalDuplicationOnly
+        };
+
+        enum SynchronizationSupport
+        {
+            WaitableObject,
+            UnwaitableObject
+        };
+
+        enum SignalingSemantics
+        {
+            ObjectCanBeUnsignaled,
+            SingleTransitionObject,
+            SignalingNotApplicable
+        };
+
+        enum ThreadReleaseSemantics
+        {
+            ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount,
+            ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects,
+            ThreadReleaseNotApplicable
+        };
+
+        enum OwnershipSemantics
+        {
+            OwnershipTracked,
+            NoOwner,
+            OwnershipNotApplicable
+        };
+        
+    private:
+
+        //
+        // Array that maps object type IDs to the corresponding
+        // CObjectType instance
+        //
+        
+        static CObjectType* s_rgotIdMapping[];
+
+        PalObjectTypeId m_eTypeId;
+        OBJECTCLEANUPROUTINE m_pCleanupRoutine;
+        OBJECTINITROUTINE m_pInitRoutine;
+        DWORD m_dwImmutableDataSize;
+        DWORD m_dwProcessLocalDataSize;
+        DWORD m_dwSharedDataSize;
+        DWORD m_dwSupportedAccessRights;
+        // Generic access rights mapping
+        SecuritySupport m_eSecuritySupport;
+        SecurityPersistence m_eSecurityPersistence;
+        ObjectNameSupport m_eObjectNameSupport;
+        HandleDuplicationSupport m_eHandleDuplicationSupport;
+        SynchronizationSupport m_eSynchronizationSupport;
+        SignalingSemantics m_eSignalingSemantics;
+        ThreadReleaseSemantics m_eThreadReleaseSemantics;
+        OwnershipSemantics m_eOwnershipSemantics;
+
+    public:
+
+        CObjectType(
+            PalObjectTypeId eTypeId,
+            OBJECTCLEANUPROUTINE pCleanupRoutine,
+            OBJECTINITROUTINE pInitRoutine,
+            DWORD dwImmutableDataSize,
+            DWORD dwProcessLocalDataSize,
+            DWORD dwSharedDataSize,
+            DWORD dwSupportedAccessRights,
+            SecuritySupport eSecuritySupport,
+            SecurityPersistence eSecurityPersistence,
+            ObjectNameSupport eObjectNameSupport,
+            HandleDuplicationSupport eHandleDuplicationSupport,
+            SynchronizationSupport eSynchronizationSupport,
+            SignalingSemantics eSignalingSemantics,
+            ThreadReleaseSemantics eThreadReleaseSemantics,
+            OwnershipSemantics eOwnershipSemantics
+            )
+            :
+            m_eTypeId(eTypeId),
+            m_pCleanupRoutine(pCleanupRoutine),
+            m_pInitRoutine(pInitRoutine),
+            m_dwImmutableDataSize(dwImmutableDataSize),
+            m_dwProcessLocalDataSize(dwProcessLocalDataSize),
+            m_dwSharedDataSize(dwSharedDataSize),
+            m_dwSupportedAccessRights(dwSupportedAccessRights),
+            m_eSecuritySupport(eSecuritySupport),
+            m_eSecurityPersistence(eSecurityPersistence),
+            m_eObjectNameSupport(eObjectNameSupport),
+            m_eHandleDuplicationSupport(eHandleDuplicationSupport),
+            m_eSynchronizationSupport(eSynchronizationSupport),
+            m_eSignalingSemantics(eSignalingSemantics),
+            m_eThreadReleaseSemantics(eThreadReleaseSemantics),
+            m_eOwnershipSemantics(eOwnershipSemantics)
+        {
+            s_rgotIdMapping[eTypeId] = this;
+        };
+
+        static
+        CObjectType *
+        GetObjectTypeById(
+            PalObjectTypeId otid
+            )
+        {
+            return s_rgotIdMapping[otid];
+        };
+
+        PalObjectTypeId
+        GetId(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_eTypeId;
+        };
+        
+        OBJECTCLEANUPROUTINE
+        GetObjectCleanupRoutine(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_pCleanupRoutine;
+        };
+        
+        OBJECTINITROUTINE
+        GetObjectInitRoutine(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_pInitRoutine;
+        };
+        
+        DWORD
+        GetImmutableDataSize(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_dwImmutableDataSize;
+        };
+        
+        DWORD
+        GetProcessLocalDataSize(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_dwProcessLocalDataSize;
+        };
+        
+        DWORD
+        GetSharedDataSize(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_dwSharedDataSize;
+        };
+        
+        DWORD
+        GetSupportedAccessRights(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_dwSupportedAccessRights;
+        };
+        
+        // Generic access rights mapping
+
+        SecuritySupport
+        GetSecuritySupport(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eSecuritySupport;
+        };
+        
+        SecurityPersistence
+        GetSecurityPersistence(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eSecurityPersistence;
+        };
+        
+        ObjectNameSupport
+        GetObjectNameSupport(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eObjectNameSupport;
+        };
+        
+        HandleDuplicationSupport
+        GetHandleDuplicationSupport(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eHandleDuplicationSupport;
+        };
+        
+        SynchronizationSupport
+        GetSynchronizationSupport(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eSynchronizationSupport;
+        };
+        
+        SignalingSemantics
+        GetSignalingSemantics(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eSignalingSemantics;
+        };
+        
+        ThreadReleaseSemantics
+        GetThreadReleaseSemantics(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eThreadReleaseSemantics;
+        };
+        
+        OwnershipSemantics
+        GetOwnershipSemantics(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return  m_eOwnershipSemantics;
+        };
+    };
+
+    class CAllowedObjectTypes
+    {
+    private:
+
+        bool m_rgfAllowedTypes[ObjectTypeIdCount];
+
+    public:
+
+        bool
+        IsTypeAllowed(PalObjectTypeId eTypeId);
+
+        //
+        // Constructor for multiple allowed types
+        //
+
+        CAllowedObjectTypes(
+            PalObjectTypeId rgAllowedTypes[],
+            DWORD dwAllowedTypeCount
+            );
+
+        //
+        // Single allowed type constructor
+        //
+
+        CAllowedObjectTypes(
+            PalObjectTypeId eAllowedType
+            );
+
+        //
+        // Allow all types or no types constructor
+        //
+
+        CAllowedObjectTypes(
+            bool fAllowAllObjectTypes
+            )
+        {
+            for (DWORD dw = 0; dw < ObjectTypeIdCount; dw += 1)
+            {
+                m_rgfAllowedTypes[dw] = fAllowAllObjectTypes;
+            }
+        };
+
+        ~CAllowedObjectTypes()
+        {
+        };
+    };
+
+    //
+    // Attributes for a given object instance. If the object does not have
+    // a name the sObjectName member should be zero'd out. If the default
+    // security attributes are desired then pSecurityAttributes should
+    // be NULL.
+    //
+
+    class CObjectAttributes
+    {
+    public:
+        
+        CPalString sObjectName;
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES pSecurityAttributes;
+
+        CObjectAttributes(
+            const WCHAR *pwszObjectName,
+            LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES pSecurityAttributes_
+            )
+            :
+            pSecurityAttributes(pSecurityAttributes_)
+        {
+            if (NULL != pwszObjectName)
+            {
+                sObjectName.SetString(pwszObjectName);
+            }
+        };
+
+        CObjectAttributes()
+            :
+            pSecurityAttributes(NULL)
+        {
+        };
+    };
+
+    //
+    // ISynchStateController is used to modify any object's synchronization
+    // state. It is intended to be used from within the APIs exposed for
+    // various objects (e.g., SetEvent, ReleaseMutex, etc.).
+    //
+    // Each ISynchStateController instance implicitly holds what should be
+    // viewed as the global dispatcher lock, and as such should be released
+    // as quickly as possible. An ISynchStateController instance is bound to
+    // the thread that requested it; it may not be passed to a different
+    // thread.
+    //
+
+    class ISynchStateController
+    {
+    public:
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSignalCount(
+            LONG *plSignalCount
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        SetSignalCount(
+            LONG lNewCount
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        IncrementSignalCount(
+            LONG lAmountToIncrement
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        DecrementSignalCount(
+            LONG lAmountToDecrement
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The following two routines may only be used for object types
+        // where eOwnershipSemantics is OwnershipTracked (i.e., mutexes).
+        //
+
+        //
+        // SetOwner is intended to be used in the implementation of
+        // CreateMutex when bInitialOwner is TRUE. It must be called
+        // before the new object instance is registered with the
+        // handle manager. Any other call to this method is an error.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        SetOwner(
+            CPalThread *pNewOwningThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // DecrementOwnershipCount returns an error if the object
+        // is unowned, or if the thread this controller is bound to
+        // is not the owner of the object.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        DecrementOwnershipCount(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseController(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+    };
+
+    //
+    // ISynchWaitController is used to indicate a thread's desire to wait for
+    // an object (which possibly includes detecting instances where the wait
+    // can be satisfied without blocking). It is intended to be used by object
+    // wait function (WaitForSingleObject, etc.).
+    //
+    // Each ISynchWaitController instance implicitly holds what should be
+    // viewed as the global dispatcher lock, and as such should be released
+    // as quickly as possible. An ISynchWaitController instance is bound to
+    // the thread that requested it; it may not be passed to a different
+    // thread.
+    //
+    // A thread may hold multiple ISynchWaitController instances
+    // simultaneously.
+    //
+
+    enum WaitType
+    {
+        SingleObject,
+        MultipleObjectsWaitOne,
+        MultipleObjectsWaitAll
+    };
+
+    class ISynchWaitController
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking informs the caller if a wait
+        // operation may succeed immediately, but does not actually
+        // alter any object state. ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking
+        // alters the object state, and will return an error if it is
+        // not possible for the wait to be immediately satisfied.
+        //
+
+        virtual        
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking(
+            bool *pfCanWaitWithoutBlocking,     // OUT
+            bool *pfAbandoned
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking(
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // dwIndex is intended for MultipleObjectsWaitOne situations. The
+        // index for the object that becomes signaled and satisfies the
+        // wait will be returned in the call to BlockThread.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RegisterWaitingThread(
+            WaitType eWaitType,
+            DWORD dwIndex,
+            bool fAltertable
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // Why is there no unregister waiting thread routine? Unregistration
+        // is the responsibility of the synchronization provider, not the
+        // implementation of the wait object routines. (I can be convinced
+        // that this isn't the best approach, though...)
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseController(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+    };
+
+    enum LockType
+    {
+        ReadLock,
+        WriteLock
+    };
+
+    class IDataLock
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // If a thread obtains a write lock but does not actually
+        // modify any data it should set fDataChanged to FALSE. If
+        // a thread obtain a read lock and does actually modify any
+        // data it should be taken out back and shot.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            bool fDataChanged
+            ) = 0;
+    };
+
+    //
+    // The following two enums are part of the local object
+    // optimizations 
+    //
+
+    enum ObjectDomain
+    {
+        ProcessLocalObject,
+        SharedObject
+    };
+
+    enum WaitDomain
+    {
+        LocalWait,      // All objects in the wait set are local to this process
+        MixedWait,      // Some objects are local; some are shared
+        SharedWait      // All objects in the wait set are shared
+    };
+
+    class IPalObject
+    {
+    public:
+
+        virtual
+        CObjectType *
+        GetObjectType(
+            VOID
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        CObjectAttributes *
+        GetObjectAttributes(
+            VOID
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetImmutableData(
+            void **ppvImmutableData             // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The following two routines obtain either a read or write
+        // lock on the data in question. If a thread needs to examine
+        // both process-local and shared data simultaneously it must obtain
+        // the shared data first. A thread may not hold data locks
+        // on two different objects at the same time.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetProcessLocalData(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            LockType eLockRequest,
+            IDataLock **ppDataLock,             // OUT
+            void **ppvProcessLocalData          // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSharedData(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            LockType eLockRequest,
+            IDataLock **ppDataLock,             // OUT
+            void **ppvSharedData                // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The following two routines obtain the global dispatcher lock.
+        // If a thread needs to make use of a synchronization interface
+        // and examine object data it must obtain the synchronization
+        // interface first. A thread is allowed to hold synchronization
+        // interfaces for multiple objects at the same time if it obtains
+        // all of the interfaces through a single call (see IPalSynchronizationManager
+        // below).
+        //
+        // The single-call restriction allows the underlying implementation
+        // to possibly segement the global dispatcher lock. If this restriction
+        // were not in place (i.e., if a single thread were allowed to call
+        // GetSynchXXXController for multiple objects) no such segmentation
+        // would be possible as there would be no way know in what order a
+        // thread would choose to obtain the controllers.
+        //
+        // Note: this design precludes simultaneous acquisition of both
+        // the state and wait controller for an object but there are
+        // currently no places where doing so would be necessary.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchStateController(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            ISynchStateController **ppStateController   // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchWaitController(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController   // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        DWORD
+        AddReference(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        DWORD
+        ReleaseReference(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // This routine is mainly intended for the synchronization
+        // manager. The promotion / process synch lock must be held
+        // before calling this routine.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        ObjectDomain
+        GetObjectDomain(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // This routine is only for use by the synchronization manager
+        // (specifically, for GetSynch*ControllersForObjects). The
+        // caller must have acquired the appropriate lock before
+        // (whatever exactly that must be) before calling this routine.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetObjectSynchData(
+            VOID **ppvSynchData             // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+        
+    };
+
+    class IPalProcess
+    {
+    public:
+        virtual
+        DWORD
+        GetProcessID(
+            void
+            ) = 0;
+    };
+    
+    class IPalObjectManager
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // Object creation (e.g., what is done by CreateEvent) is a two step
+        // process. First, the new object is allocated and the initial
+        // properties set (e.g., initially signaled). Next, the object is
+        // registered, yielding a handle. If an object of the same name
+        // and appropriate type already existed the returned handle will refer
+        // to the previously existing object, and the newly allocated object
+        // will have been thrown away.
+        //
+        // (The two phase process minimizes the amount of time that any
+        // namespace locks need to be held. While some wasted work may be
+        // done in the existing object case that work only impacts the calling
+        // thread. Checking first for existence and then allocating and
+        // initializing on failure requires any namespace lock to be held for
+        // a much longer period of time, impacting the entire system.)
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AllocateObject(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            CObjectType *pType,
+            CObjectAttributes *pAttributes,
+            IPalObject **ppNewObject            // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // After calling RegisterObject pObjectToRegister is no
+        // longer valid. If successful there are two references
+        // on the returned object -- one for the handle, and one
+        // for the instance returned in ppRegisteredObject. The
+        // caller, therefore, is responsible for releasing the
+        // latter.
+        //
+        // For named object pAllowedTypes specifies what type of
+        // existing objects can be returned in ppRegisteredObjects.
+        // This is primarily intended for CreateEvent, so that
+        // a ManualResetEvent can be returned when attempting to
+        // register an AutoResetEvent (and vice-versa). pAllowedTypes
+        // must include the type of pObjectToRegister.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RegisterObject(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            IPalObject *pObjectToRegister,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *pAllowedTypes,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+            HANDLE *pHandle,                    // OUT
+            IPalObject **ppRegisteredObject     // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // LocateObject is used for OpenXXX routines. ObtainHandleForObject
+        // is needed for the OpenXXX routines and DuplicateHandle.
+        //
+
+        virtual            
+        PAL_ERROR
+        LocateObject(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            CPalString *psObjectToLocate,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *pAllowedTypes,
+            IPalObject **ppObject               // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // pProcessForHandle is to support cross-process handle
+        // duplication. It only needs to be specified when acquiring
+        // a handle meant for use in a different process; it should
+        // be left NULL when acquiring a handle for the current
+        // process.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR   
+        ObtainHandleForObject(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            IPalObject *pObject,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+            bool fInheritHandle,
+            IPalProcess *pProcessForHandle,     // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE *pNewHandle                  // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RevokeHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE hHandleToRevoke
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The Reference routines are called to obtain the
+        // object that a handle refers to. The caller must
+        // specify the rights that the handle must hold for
+        // the operation that it is about to perform. The caller
+        // is responsible for converting generic rights to specific
+        // rights. The caller must also specify what object types
+        // are permissible for the object.
+        //
+        // The returned object[s], on success, are referenced,
+        // and the caller is responsible for releasing those references
+        // when appropriate.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE hHandleToReference,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *pAllowedTypes,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject **ppObject               // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // This routine is intended for WaitForMultipleObjects[Ex]
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE rghHandlesToReference[],
+            DWORD dwHandleCount,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *pAllowedTypes,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject *rgpObjects[]            // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // This routine is for cross-process handle duplication.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceObjectByForeignHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE hForeignHandle,
+            IPalProcess *pForeignProcess,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *pAllowedTypes,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject **ppObject               // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+        
+    };
+
+    extern IPalObjectManager *g_pObjectManager;
+
+    enum ThreadWakeupReason
+    {
+        WaitSucceeded,
+        Alerted,
+        MutexAbondoned,
+        WaitTimeout,
+        WaitFailed
+    };
+
+    class IPalSynchronizationManager
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // A thread calls BlockThread to put itself to sleep after it has
+        // registered itself with the objects it is to wait on. A thread
+        // need not have registered with any objects, as would occur in
+        // the implementation of Sleep[Ex].
+        //
+        // Needless to say a thread must not be holding any PAL locks
+        // directly or implicitly (e.g., by holding a reference to a
+        // synchronization controller) when it calls this method.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        BlockThread(
+            CPalThread *pCurrentThread,
+            DWORD dwTimeout,
+            bool fAlertable,
+            bool fIsSleep,
+            ThreadWakeupReason *peWakeupReason, // OUT
+            DWORD *pdwSignaledObject       // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread(
+            CPalThread *pCallingThread,
+            CPalThread *pTargetThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        QueueUserAPC(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            CPalThread *pTargetThread,
+            PAPCFUNC pfnAPC,
+            ULONG_PTR dwData
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        bool
+        AreAPCsPending(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        DispatchPendingAPCs(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        SendTerminationRequestToWorkerThread() = 0;
+
+        //
+        // This routine is primarily meant for use by WaitForMultipleObjects[Ex].
+        // The caller must individually release each of the returned controller
+        // interfaces.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+            DWORD dwObjectCount,
+            ISynchWaitController *rgControllers[]
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchStateControllersForObjects(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+            DWORD dwObjectCount,
+            ISynchStateController *rgControllers[]
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // These following routines are meant for use only by IPalObject
+        // implementations. The first two routines are used to
+        // allocate and free an object's synchronization state; the third
+        // is called during object promotion.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AllocateObjectSynchData(
+            CObjectType *pObjectType,
+            ObjectDomain eObjectDomain,
+            VOID **ppvSynchData                 // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        FreeObjectSynchData(
+            CObjectType *pObjectType,
+            ObjectDomain eObjectDomain,
+            VOID *pvSynchData
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        PromoteObjectSynchData(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            VOID *pvLocalSynchData,
+            VOID **ppvSharedSynchData           // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The next two routines provide access to the process-wide
+        // synchronization lock
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        AcquireProcessLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseProcessLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // The final routines are used by IPalObject::GetSynchStateController
+        // and IPalObject::GetSynchWaitController
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CreateSynchStateController(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            CObjectType *pObjectType,
+            VOID *pvSynchData,
+            ObjectDomain eObjectDomain,
+            ISynchStateController **ppStateController       // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CreateSynchWaitController(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            CObjectType *pObjectType,
+            VOID *pvSynchData,
+            ObjectDomain eObjectDomain,
+            ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController       // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+    };
+
+    extern IPalSynchronizationManager *g_pSynchronizationManager;
+
+    class IFileTransactionLock
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // Called when the transaction completes (which includes
+        // error completions, or the outright failure to queue
+        // the transaction).
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseLock() = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IFileLockController
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // A transaction lock is acquired before a read or write
+        // operation, and released when that operation completes.
+        // The lock is not tied to the calling thread, since w/
+        // asynch file IO the completion may occur on a different
+        // thread.
+        //
+
+        enum FileTransactionLockType
+        {
+            ReadLock,
+            WriteLock
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetTransactionLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            FileTransactionLockType eLockType,
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+            IFileTransactionLock **ppTransactionLock    // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        enum FileLockExclusivity
+        {
+            ExclusiveFileLock,
+            SharedFileLock
+        };
+
+        enum FileLockWaitMode
+        {
+            FailImmediately,
+            WaitForLockAcquisition
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        CreateFileLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh,
+            FileLockExclusivity eFileLockExclusivity,
+            FileLockWaitMode eFileLockWaitMode
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReleaseFileLock(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            DWORD dwOffsetLow,
+            DWORD dwOffsetHigh,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+            DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+            ) = 0;
+
+        //
+        // ReleaseController should be called from the file object's
+        // cleanup routine. It must always be called, even if fShutdown is
+        // TRUE or fCleanupSharedState is FALSE.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseController() = 0;
+    };
+
+    class IFileLockManager
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // GetLockControllerForFile should be called by CreateFile.
+        // It will fail if the requested access rights and share
+        // mode are not compatible with existing lock controllers
+        // for the file.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetLockControllerForFile(
+            CPalThread *pThread,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            LPCSTR szFileName,
+            DWORD dwAccessRights,
+            DWORD dwShareMode,
+            IFileLockController **ppLockController  // OUT
+            ) = 0;
+
+        // 
+        // Gets the share mode for the file
+        // (returns SHARE_MODE_NOT_INITIALIZED if file lock controller 
+        // not found)
+        // 
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetFileShareModeForFile(
+            LPCSTR szFileName,
+            DWORD* pdwShareMode) = 0;
+    };
+
+    extern IFileLockManager *g_pFileLockManager;
+}
+
+#endif // _CORUNIX_H
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.inl b/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ab0ac70462
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/corunix.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _CORUNIX_INL
+#define _CORUNIX_INL
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "dbgmsg.h"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+
+    bool CAllowedObjectTypes::IsTypeAllowed(PalObjectTypeId eTypeId)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(eTypeId != ObjectTypeIdCount);
+        return m_rgfAllowedTypes[eTypeId];
+    };
+
+    CAllowedObjectTypes::CAllowedObjectTypes(
+        PalObjectTypeId rgAllowedTypes[],
+        DWORD dwAllowedTypeCount
+    )
+    {
+        ZeroMemory(m_rgfAllowedTypes, sizeof(m_rgfAllowedTypes));
+        for (DWORD dw = 0; dw < dwAllowedTypeCount; dw += 1)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(rgAllowedTypes[dw] != ObjectTypeIdCount);
+            m_rgfAllowedTypes[rgAllowedTypes[dw]] = TRUE;
+        }
+    };
+
+    CAllowedObjectTypes::CAllowedObjectTypes(
+       PalObjectTypeId eAllowedType
+       )
+    {
+        ZeroMemory(m_rgfAllowedTypes, sizeof(m_rgfAllowedTypes));
+
+        _ASSERTE(eAllowedType != ObjectTypeIdCount);
+        m_rgfAllowedTypes[eAllowedType] = TRUE;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _CORUNIX_H
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/critsect.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/critsect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..50dea95bc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/critsect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/critsect.h
+
+Abstract:
+    
+    Header file for the critical sections functions.
+    
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_CRITSECT_H_
+#define _PAL_CRITSECT_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+VOID InternalInitializeCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs);
+VOID InternalDeleteCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs);
+
+/* The following PALCEnterCriticalSection and PALCLeaveCriticalSection
+   functions are intended to provide CorUnix's InternalEnterCriticalSection
+   and InternalLeaveCriticalSection functionalities to legacy C code,
+   which has no knowledge of CPalThread, classes and namespaces.
+*/
+VOID PALCEnterCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs);
+VOID PALCLeaveCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_CRITSECT_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/cruntime.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cruntime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65bf33c952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cruntime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/cruntime.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for C runtime utility functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_CRUNTIME_H_
+#define _PAL_CRUNTIME_H_
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+typedef char16_t wchar_16; // __wchar_16 (which is defined in palinternal.h) is defined as wchar_16_cpp.
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    PFF_NONE  =  0,
+    PFF_MINUS =  1,
+    PFF_POUND =  2,
+    PFF_ZERO  =  4,
+    PFF_SPACE =  8,
+    PFF_PLUS  = 16
+}PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    WIDTH_DEFAULT = -1,
+    WIDTH_STAR    = -2, /* e.g. "%*.10s"  */
+    WIDTH_INVALID = -3  /* e.g. "%*3.10s" */
+}WIDTH_FLAGS;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    PRECISION_DEFAULT = -1,
+    PRECISION_STAR    = -2, /* e.g. "%10.*s"  */
+    PRECISION_DOT     = -3, /* e.g. "%10.s"   */
+    PRECISION_INVALID = -4  /* e.g. "%10.*3s" */
+}PRECISION_FLAGS;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    PFF_PREFIX_DEFAULT  = -1,
+    PFF_PREFIX_SHORT    = 1,
+    PFF_PREFIX_LONG     = 2,
+    PFF_PREFIX_LONGLONG = 3,
+    PFF_PREFIX_LONG_W   = 4
+}PRINTF_PREFIXES;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    PFF_TYPE_DEFAULT = -1,
+    PFF_TYPE_CHAR    = 1,
+    PFF_TYPE_STRING  = 2,
+    PFF_TYPE_WSTRING = 3,
+    PFF_TYPE_INT     = 4,
+    PFF_TYPE_P       = 5,
+    PFF_TYPE_N       = 6,
+    PFF_TYPE_FLOAT   = 7
+}PRINTF_TYPES;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    SCANF_PREFIX_SHORT = 1,
+    SCANF_PREFIX_LONG = 2,
+    SCANF_PREFIX_LONGLONG = 3
+}SCANF_PREFIXES;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    SCANF_TYPE_CHAR     = 1,
+    SCANF_TYPE_STRING   = 2,
+    SCANF_TYPE_INT      = 3,
+    SCANF_TYPE_N        = 4,
+    SCANF_TYPE_FLOAT    = 5,
+    SCANF_TYPE_BRACKETS = 6,
+    SCANF_TYPE_SPACE    = 7
+}SCANF_TYPES;
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  Internal_AddPaddingA
+
+Parameters:
+  Out
+    - buffer to place padding and given string (In)
+  Count
+    - maximum chars to be copied so as not to overrun given buffer
+  In
+    - string to place into (Out) accompanied with padding
+  Padding
+    - number of padding chars to add
+  Flags
+    - padding style flags (PRINTF_FORMAT_FLAGS)
+*******************************************************************************/
+BOOL Internal_AddPaddingA(LPSTR *Out, INT Count, LPSTR In, INT Padding, INT Flags);
+
+/*******************************************************************************
+Function:
+  PAL_printf_arg_remover
+
+Parameters:
+  ap
+    - pointer to the va_list from which to remove arguments
+  Width
+    - the width of the current format option
+  Precision
+    - the precision of the current format option
+  Type
+    - the type of the argument for the current format option
+  Prefix
+    - the prefix for the current format option
+*******************************************************************************/
+void PAL_printf_arg_remover(va_list *ap, INT Width, INT Precision, INT Type, INT Prefix);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  Silent_PAL_vsnprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+INT Silent_PAL_vsnprintf(LPSTR Buffer, INT Count, LPCSTR Format, va_list ap);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  Silent_PAL_vfprintf
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int Silent_PAL_vfprintf(PAL_FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_iswlower
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_iswlower( wchar_16 c );
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_iswalpha
+
+See MSDN
+
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_iswalpha( wchar_16 c );
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswblank
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a Win32 "blank" character.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_iswblank(wchar_16 c);
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswcntrl
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a control character.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_iswcntrl(wchar_16 c);
+
+/*--
+Function:
+  PAL_iswcntrl
+
+Returns TRUE if c is a control character.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_iswpunct(wchar_16 c);
+#endif  // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+/*++
+
+struct PAL_FILE.
+Used to mimic the behavior of windows.
+fwrite under windows can set the ferror flag,
+under BSD fwrite doesn't.
+--*/
+struct _FILE
+{
+   FILE *   bsdFilePtr;     /* The BSD file to be passed to the
+                            functions needing it. */
+
+   INT      PALferrorCode;  /* The ferror code that fwrite sets,
+                            incase of error */
+
+   BOOL     bTextMode;     /* Boolean variable to denote that the
+                              fle is opened in text/binary mode*/
+#if UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+   BOOL     bWriteOnlyMode;/* Boolean variable to denote that the
+                              fle is opened in write-only mode*/ 
+#endif //UNGETC_NOT_RETURN_EOF
+};
+
+enum CRT_ERROR_CODES
+{
+    PAL_FILE_NOERROR = 0,
+    PAL_FILE_ERROR
+};
+
+/* Global variables storing the std streams. Defined in cruntime/file.c. */
+extern PAL_FILE PAL_Stdout;
+extern PAL_FILE PAL_Stdin; 
+extern PAL_FILE PAL_Stderr;
+
+/*++
+
+Functio:
+
+    CRTInitStdStreams.
+    
+    Initilizes the standard streams.
+    Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
+--*/
+BOOL CRTInitStdStreams( void );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_CRUNTIME_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/cs.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cs.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..76e268566b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/cs.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// File:
+//     cs.cpp
+//
+// Purpose:
+//     Header file for critical sections implementation
+//
+
+//     
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef _PAL_CS_HPP
+#define _PAL_CS_HPP
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "critsect.h"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{   
+    void CriticalSectionSubSysInitialize(void);
+    
+    void InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection,
+        DWORD dwSpinCount,
+        bool fInternal);
+    
+    void InternalEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs
+        );
+    
+    void InternalLeaveCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs
+        );
+
+    bool InternalTryEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    void PALCS_ReportStatisticalData(void);
+    void PALCS_DumpCSList();
+#endif // _DEBUG
+    
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_CS_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/dbgmsg.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/dbgmsg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a49fc0ad6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/dbgmsg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,628 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/dbgmsg.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for Debug Message utilities. Output macros, type definitions,
+    extern variables. See overview section below for usage details.
+
+--*/
+
+/*
+Overview of Debug Message utilities
+
+Use debug channels to selectively output information to the console.
+
+Available macros :
+
+    - SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL
+
+    This defines the channel to use with the macros TRACE, ERROR, etc
+    Use this macro once at the beginning of your source file.
+    (impl. details : this declares a constant static variable defdbgchan and
+    sets it to the apropriate channel)
+
+    usage : SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(somechannel);
+
+    - TRACE, ENTRY, WARN, ERROR, DBGOUT
+
+    Use this to output debug messages to the default debug channel (set with
+    SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL). Messages will only be output if the channel is
+    active for the specified level.
+
+    usage : TRACE("printf format string", params...);
+
+    - TRACE_, ENTRY_, WARN_, ERROR_, DBGOUT_
+
+    Use this to autput debug messages to a channel other than the default.
+
+    usage : TRACE_(someotherchannel)("printf format string",params...);
+                 ^                ^^                                ^
+    don't forget the double set of parentheses!
+
+Available channels :
+    PAL     : PAL-specific functionalities (PAL_Initialize, etc.)
+    LOADER  : Loading API (LoadLibrary, etc); loader application
+    HANDLE  : Handle manager (CloseHandle, etc.)
+    SHMEM   : Shared Memory functions (for IPC)
+    PROCESS : Process related APIs
+    THREAD  : Threading mechanism
+    EXCEPT  : Structured Exception Handling functions
+    CRT     : PAL implementation of the C Runtime Library functions
+    UNICODE : Unicode support API
+    ARCH    : platform-dependent stuff
+    SYNC    : Management of synchronization objects
+    FILE    : File I/O API
+    VIRTUAL : Virtual memory and File mapping
+    MEM     : Memory management (except Virtual* stuff)
+    SOCKET  : WINSOCK implementation
+    DEBUG   : Debugging API (ReadProcessMemory, etc.)
+    LOCALE  : Locale support API
+    MISC    : what doesn't fit anywhere else.
+    MUTEX   : Mutex management functions
+    CRITSEC : Critical section API
+    POLL    : ?
+    CRYPT   : Cryptographic functions
+    SHFOLDER: Shared (well-known) folder functions
+    SXS     : Side-by-side PALs (if supported)
+
+    Note : Most channels correspond to subdirectories $(PALROOT)
+    Note 2 : DON'T write TRACE("PAL") or TRACE(DCI_PAL), write TRACE(PAL)
+
+Available debug levels :
+    ENTRY : use this at the beginning of a function to print parameters.
+    TRACE : use this to output informational messages.
+    WARN  : use this to report non-critical problems.
+    ERROR : use this to report critical problems.
+
+    DBGOUT: same as TRACE, but does not output line headers (thread ID, etc)
+
+Format specifiers :
+    These trace functions currently use the native fprintf() to output data.
+    All standard printf format specifiers should therefore work, while Microsoft
+    extensions will not.
+    There is one special case to consider : wide strings and wide characters.
+    Microsoft's extensions to printf include the specifiers %S and %C for
+    printing strings and characters of wchar_t. In the C99 standard,
+    the specifiers %ls and %ls serve the same purpose. However, Windows defines
+    wchar_t as a 16bit int, which is NOT guaranteed to match implementations
+    on other platforms. glibc on a x86 defines wchar_t as a 32bit int.
+    For this reason, %S and %C should be used in TRACE functions to output
+    Windows wide strings (of type wchar_t or WCHAR). To output wide-strings
+    in a platforms native format (litterals L"string" or variables of type
+    wchar_native), the specifiers %ls and %lc should be used instead.
+
+Using Debug channels at Run Time
+    To tell the PAL which debug channels should be open and which should be
+    closed, set the environment variable PAL_DBG_CHANNELS according to the
+    following syntax :
+    [+|-]<channel>.<level>[: ...]
+    + opens a channel, - closes it;
+    <channel> must be one of PAL, FILE, (etc), or the wildcard "all"
+    <level> must be TRACE, ENTRY, WARN, ERROR or "all"
+
+    Examples (for bash):
+
+    export PAL_DBG_CHANNELS="+PAL.TRACE:-FILE.ERROR"
+    export PAL_DBG_CHANNELS="+all.ENTRY"
+    export PAL_DBG_CHANNELS="-all.all"
+
+    To explicitly redirect the output of debug messages to a file (instead of
+    relying on the shell's > and |), set the environment variable
+    PAL_API_TRACING to the name of the file to write to. It can also be set to
+    "stdout" or "stderr". If PAL_API_TRACING is not set, output will go to
+    stderr.
+
+    ASSERT() messages cannot be controlled with PAL_DBG_CHANNELS; they can be 
+    globally disabled (in debug builds) by setting the environment variable 
+    PAL_DISABLE_ASSERTS to 1. In release builds, they will always be disabled                    
+
+    The environment variable "PAL_API_LEVELS" determines how many levels of 
+    nesting will be allowed in ENTRY calls; if not set, the default is 1; a 
+    value of 0 will allow infinite nesting, but will not indent the output
+
+    It is possible to disable/enable all channels during the execution of a 
+    process; this involves using a debugger to modify a variable within the 
+    address space of the running process. the variable is named 
+    'dbg_master_switch'; if set to zero, all debug chanels will be closed; if 
+    set to nonzero, channels will be open or closed based on PAL_DBG_CHANNELS
+    
+    Notes :
+    If _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ was not defined at build-time, no debug messages
+    will be generated.
+    If _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ was defined, all debug levels will be enabled,
+    but all channels will be closed by default
+
+    Another configure option is --enable-appendtraces
+    Normally, if the file specified by PAL_API_TRACING exists, its content will
+    be overwritten when a PAL process starts using it. If --enable-appendtraces
+    is used, debug output will be appended at the end of the file instead.
+  
+
+
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PAL_DBGMSG_H_
+#define _PAL_DBGMSG_H_
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/perftrace.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/tls.hpp"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/* Channel identifiers */
+typedef enum
+{
+    DCI_PAL,
+    DCI_LOADER,
+    DCI_HANDLE,
+    DCI_SHMEM,
+    DCI_PROCESS,
+    DCI_THREAD,
+    DCI_EXCEPT,
+    DCI_CRT,
+    DCI_UNICODE,
+    DCI_ARCH,
+    DCI_SYNC,
+    DCI_FILE,
+    DCI_VIRTUAL,
+    DCI_MEM,
+    DCI_SOCKET,
+    DCI_DEBUG,
+    DCI_LOCALE,
+    DCI_MISC,
+    DCI_MUTEX,
+    DCI_CRITSEC,
+    DCI_POLL,
+    DCI_CRYPT,
+    DCI_SHFOLDER,
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    DCI_SXS,
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+    DCI_LAST
+} DBG_CHANNEL_ID;
+
+/* Level identifiers */
+typedef enum
+{
+    DLI_ENTRY,
+    DLI_TRACE,
+    DLI_WARN,
+    DLI_ERROR,
+    DLI_ASSERT,
+    DLI_EXIT,
+
+    DLI_LAST
+} DBG_LEVEL_ID;
+
+
+/* extern variables */
+
+// Change W16_NULLSTRING to external variable to avoid multiple warnings showing up in prefast 
+extern LPCWSTR W16_NULLSTRING; 
+
+extern DWORD dbg_channel_flags[DCI_LAST];
+extern BOOL g_Dbg_asserts_enabled;
+
+/* we must use stdio functions directly rather that rely on PAL functions for
+  output, because those functions do tracing and we need to avoid recursion */
+extern FILE *output_file;
+
+/* master switch for debug channel enablement, to be modified by debugger */
+extern Volatile<BOOL> dbg_master_switch ;
+
+
+/* conditionnal compilation for other debug messages */
+#if !_ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+
+/* compile out these trace levels; see the definition of NOTRACE */
+#define TRACE     NOTRACE
+#define TRACE_(x) NOTRACE
+#define WARN      NOTRACE
+#define WARN_(x)  NOTRACE
+#define ENTRY_EXTERNAL NOTRACE
+#define ENTRY     NOTRACE
+#define ENTRY_(x) NOTRACE
+#define LOGEXIT   NOTRACE
+#define LOGEXIT_(x) NOTRACE
+#define DBGOUT     NOTRACE
+#define DBGOUT_(x) NOTRACE
+#define ERROR     NOTRACE
+#define ERROR_(x) NOTRACE
+#define DBG_PRINTF(level, channel, bHeader) NOTRACE
+
+#define CHECK_STACK_ALIGN
+
+#define SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(x)
+#define DBG_ENABLED(level, channel)
+
+#else /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+/* output macros */
+
+#define SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(x) \
+    static const DBG_CHANNEL_ID defdbgchan = DCI_##x
+
+/* Is debug output enabled for the given level and channel? */
+#define DBG_ENABLED(level, channel) (output_file &&                     \
+                                     dbg_master_switch &&               \
+                                     (dbg_channel_flags[channel] & (1 << (level))))
+#define TRACE \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_TRACE,defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define TRACE_(x) \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_TRACE,DCI_##x,TRUE)
+
+#define WARN \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_WARN,defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define WARN_(x) \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_WARN,DCI_##x,TRUE)
+
+#if _DEBUG && defined(__APPLE__)
+bool DBG_ShouldCheckStackAlignment();
+#define CHECK_STACK_ALIGN   if (DBG_ShouldCheckStackAlignment()) DBG_CheckStackAlignment()
+#else
+#define CHECK_STACK_ALIGN
+#endif
+
+#define ENTRY_EXTERNAL \
+    CHECK_STACK_ALIGN; \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ENTRY, defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define ENTRY \
+    CHECK_STACK_ALIGN; \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ENTRY, defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define ENTRY_(x) \
+    CHECK_STACK_ALIGN; \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ENTRY, DCI_##x,TRUE)
+
+#define LOGEXIT \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_EXIT, defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define LOGEXIT_(x) \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_EXIT, DCI_##x,TRUE)
+    
+#define DBGOUT \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_TRACE,defdbgchan,FALSE)
+
+#define DBGOUT_(x) \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_TRACE,DCI_##x,FALSE)
+
+/*Added this  code here to stop error messages
+ *from appearing in retail build*/
+#define ERROR \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ERROR,defdbgchan,TRUE)
+
+#define ERROR_(x) \
+    DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ERROR,DCI_##x,TRUE)
+
+#define DBG_PRINTF(level, channel, bHeader) \
+{\
+    if( DBG_ENABLED(level, channel) ) {         \
+        DBG_CHANNEL_ID __chanid=channel;\
+        DBG_LEVEL_ID __levid=level;\
+        BOOL __bHeader = bHeader;\
+        DBG_PRINTF2
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define DBG_PRINTF2(args...)\
+        DBG_printf_gcc(__chanid,__levid,__bHeader,__FUNCTION__,__FILE__,\
+                       __LINE__,args);\
+    }\
+}
+#else /* __GNUC__ */
+#define DBG_PRINTF2(...)\
+      DBG_printf_c99(__chanid,__levid,__bHeader,__FILE__,__LINE__,__VA_ARGS__);\
+    }\
+}
+#endif /* __GNUC__ */
+
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+/* Use GNU C-specific features if available : __FUNCTION__ pseudo-macro,
+   variable-argument macros */
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+
+/* define NOTRACE as nothing; this will absorb the variable-argument list used
+   in tracing macros */
+#define NOTRACE(args...)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(FEATURE_PAL_SXS)
+#define __ASSERT_ENTER()                                                \
+    /* DBG_printf_gcc() and DebugBreak() need a PAL thread */           \
+    PAL_EnterHolder __holder(PALIsThreadDataInitialized() && \
+        (CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread() == NULL || \
+        !CorUnix::InternalGetCurrentThread()->IsInPal()));
+#else /* __cplusplus && FEATURE_PAL_SXS */
+#define __ASSERT_ENTER()
+#endif /* __cplusplus && FEATURE_PAL_SXS */
+
+#if !defined(_DEBUG)
+
+#define ASSERT(args...)
+#define _ASSERT(expr) 
+#define _ASSERTE(expr) 
+#define _ASSERT_MSG(args...) 
+
+#else /* defined(_DEBUG) */ 
+
+#define ASSERT(args...)                                                 \
+{                                                                       \
+    __ASSERT_ENTER();                                                   \
+    if (output_file && dbg_master_switch)                               \
+    {                                                                   \
+        DBG_printf_gcc(defdbgchan,DLI_ASSERT,TRUE,__FUNCTION__,__FILE__,__LINE__,args); \
+    }                                                                   \
+    if (g_Dbg_asserts_enabled)                                          \
+    {                                                                   \
+        DebugBreak();                                                   \
+    }                                                                   \
+}
+
+#define _ASSERT(expr) do { if (!(expr)) { ASSERT(""); } } while(0)
+#define _ASSERTE(expr) do { if (!(expr)) { ASSERT("Expression: " #expr "\n"); } } while(0)
+#define _ASSERT_MSG(expr, args...) \
+    do { \
+        if (!(expr)) \
+        { \
+            ASSERT("Expression: " #expr ", Description: " args); \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+#endif /* defined(_DEBUG) */
+
+#else /* __GNUC__ */
+/* Not GNU C : C99 [the latest version of the ISO C Standard] specifies
+   a different syntax for variable-argument macros, so try using that*/
+#if defined __STDC_VERSION__ && __STDC_VERSION__ >=199901L
+
+/* define NOTRACE as nothing; this will absorb the variable-argument list used
+   in tracing macros */
+#define NOTRACE(...)
+
+#if !defined(_DEBUG)
+
+#define ASSERT(...)
+#define _ASSERT(expr) 
+#define _ASSERTE(expr) 
+#define _ASSERT_MSG(...) 
+
+#else /* defined(_DEBUG) */
+
+#define ASSERT(...)                                                     \
+{                                                                       \
+    __ASSERT_ENTER();                                                   \
+    if (output_file && dbg_master_switch)                               \
+    {                                                                   \
+        DBG_printf_c99(defdbgchan,DLI_ASSERT,TRUE,__FILE__,__LINE__,__VA_ARGS__); \
+    }                                                                   \
+    if(g_Dbg_asserts_enabled)                                           \
+    {                                                                   \
+        PAL_Leave();                                                    \
+        DebugBreak();                                                   \
+    }                                                                   \
+}
+    
+#define _ASSERT(expr) do { if (!(expr)) { ASSERT(""); } } while(0)
+#define _ASSERTE(expr) do { if (!(expr)) { ASSERT("Expression: " #expr "\n"); } } while(0)
+#define _ASSERT_MSG(expr, ...) \
+    do { \
+        if (!(expr)) \
+        { \
+            ASSERT("Expression: " #expr ", Description: " __VA_ARGS__); \
+        } \
+    } while(0)
+
+#endif /* !_DEBUG */
+
+#else /* __STDC_VERSION__ */
+/* Not GNU C, not C99 :  
+   possible work around for the lack of variable-argument macros: 
+   by using 2 function calls; must wrap the whole thing in a critical 
+   section to avoid interleaved output from multiple threads */
+
+#error The compiler is missing support for variable-argument macros.
+
+#endif /* __STDC_VERSION__*/
+#endif /* __GNUC__ */
+
+/* Function declarations */
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_init_channels
+
+    Initialize debug channel information based on environment settings
+    Call this only once at startup.
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+BOOL DBG_init_channels(void);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_close_channels
+
+    Close the output file for debug messages.
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void DBG_close_channels(void);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_preprintf
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function outputs the header information for debug messages (channel,
+    level, etc).
+
+Parameters :
+    DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel : debug channel to use
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level : debug message level
+    BOOL bHeader : whether or not to output message header (thread id, etc)
+    LPSTR file : current file
+    INT line : line number
+
+Return Value :
+    TRUE if there's an output file, FALSE otherwise. this is so that
+    DBG_printf_plain doesn't get called unnecessarily.
+
+Notes :
+    This function is only used with compilers that don't support
+    variable-argument macros. It enters a critical section, which is left in
+    DBG_printf_plain.
+--*/
+BOOL DBG_preprintf(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPSTR file, INT line);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_printf_gcc
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function outputs a complete debug message, including the function name.
+
+Parameters :
+    DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel : debug channel to use
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level : debug message level
+    BOOL bHeader : whether or not to output message header (thread id, etc)
+    LPSTR function : current function
+    LPSTR file : current file
+    INT line : line number
+    LPSTR format, ... : standard printf parameter list.
+
+Return Value :
+    always 1.
+
+Notes :
+    This version is for gnu compilers that support variable-argument macros
+    and the __FUNCTION__ pseudo-macro.
+
+--*/
+#if __GNUC__ && CHECK_TRACE_SPECIFIERS
+/* if requested, use an __attribute__ feature to ask gcc to check that format 
+   specifiers match their parameters */
+int DBG_printf_gcc(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPCSTR function, LPCSTR file, INT line, LPCSTR format, ...)
+                   __attribute__ ((format (printf,7, 8)));
+#else
+int DBG_printf_gcc(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPCSTR function, LPCSTR file, INT line, LPCSTR format, ...);
+#endif
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_printf_c99
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function outputs a complete debug message, without function name.
+
+Parameters :
+    DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel : debug channel to use
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level : debug message level
+    BOOL bHeader : whether or not to output message header (thread id, etc)
+    LPSTR file : current file
+    INT line : line number
+    LPSTR format, ... : standard printf parameter list.
+
+Return Value :
+    always 1.
+
+Notes :
+    This version is for compilers that support the C99 flavor of
+    variable-argument macros but not the gnu flavor, and do not support the
+    __FUNCTION__ pseudo-macro.
+
+--*/
+int DBG_printf_c99(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPSTR file, INT line, LPSTR format, ...);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_printf_plain
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function output the user-specified part of a debug-message.
+
+Parameters :
+    LPSTR format, ... : standard printf parameter list.
+
+Return value :
+    always 1.
+
+Notes :
+    This function is only used with compilers that don't support
+    variable-argument macros. It will leave the critical section entered in
+    DBG_preprintf.
+
+--*/
+int DBG_printf_plain(LPSTR format, ...);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_change_entrylevel
+
+    retrieve current ENTRY nesting level and [optionnally] modify it
+
+Parameters :                                  
+    int new_level : value to which the nesting level must be set, or -1
+
+Return value :
+    nesting level at the time the function was called
+    
+Notes:
+if new_level is -1, the nesting level will not be modified
+--*/
+int DBG_change_entrylevel(int new_level);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+/*++
+Function :
+    PAL_DisplayDialog
+
+    Display a simple modal dialog with an alert icon and a single OK button. Caller supplies the title of the
+    dialog and the main text. The dialog is displayed only if the COMPlus_EnableAssertDialog environment
+    variable is set to the value "1".
+
+--*/
+void PAL_DisplayDialog(const char *szTitle, const char *szText);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    PAL_DisplayDialogFormatted
+
+    As above but takes a printf-style format string and insertion values to form the main text.
+
+--*/
+void PAL_DisplayDialogFormatted(const char *szTitle, const char *szTextFormat, ...);
+#else // __APPLE__
+#define PAL_DisplayDialog(_szTitle, _szText)
+#define PAL_DisplayDialogFormatted(_szTitle, _szTextFormat, args...)
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_DBGMSG_H_ */
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/debug.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/debug.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..78cdeff0c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/debug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/debug.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Debug API utility functions 
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_DEBUG_H_
+#define _PAL_DEBUG_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_DebugBreak
+
+    Processor-dependent implementation of DebugBreak
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+extern "C" VOID 
+DBG_DebugBreak();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  IsInDebugBreak(addr)
+
+  Returns true if the address is in DBG_DebugBreak.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+IsInDebugBreak(void *addr);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_FlushInstructionCache
+
+    Processor-dependent implementation of FlushInstructionCache
+
+Parameters :
+    LPCVOID lpBaseAddress: start of region to flush
+    SIZE_T dwSize : length of region to flush
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+DBG_FlushInstructionCache(
+                      IN LPCVOID lpBaseAddress,
+                      IN SIZE_T dwSize);
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+/*++
+Function:
+    DBG_CheckStackAlignment
+    
+    The Apple ABI requires 16-byte alignment on the stack pointer.
+    This function traps/interrupts otherwise.
+--*/
+VOID
+DBG_CheckStackAlignment();
+#endif                       
+                      
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif //PAL_DEBUG_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/dtraceprotocol.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/dtraceprotocol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d1a17a71ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/dtraceprotocol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+//
+// File: rotor/pal/corunix/include/pal/dtrace_protocal.h
+//
+
+//
+// Header file for the protocals between CLR and Dtrace server
+//
+// ======================================================================================
+
+#ifndef DTRACE_PROTOCOL_H
+#define DTRACE_PROTOCOL_H
+
+// Start DTrace Consumer by Unix Domain App
+#define kServerSocketPath "/Library/Application Support/com.microsoft.clr.CFDtraceServer/Socket"
+#define kPacketTypeStartDtrace 1
+#define kPacketTypeReply 3
+#define kMaxMessageSize 318
+#define kPacketMaximumSize 102400
+
+struct PacketHeader {
+    int          fType;              // for request from client to server, it should be kPacketTypeStartDtrace
+                                     // for reply from server to client, it should be kPacketTypeReply
+    unsigned int        fSize;       // includes size of header itself
+};
+
+struct PacketStartDTrace {               // reply: PacketReply
+    PacketHeader    fHeader;             // fType is kPacketTypeStartDtrace
+    char            fMessage[kMaxMessageSize];       // message to print
+};
+
+struct PacketReply {                    // reply: n/a
+    PacketHeader    fHeader;            // fType is kPacketTypeReply
+    int             fErr;               // result of operation, errno-style
+};
+
+#endif // DTRACE_PROTOCOL
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/environ.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/environ.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1c0bce21ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/environ.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/environ.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for functions manipulating environment variables
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef __ENVIRON_H_
+#define __ENVIRON_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Variables :
+
+    palEnvironment: a global variable equivalent to environ on systems on 
+                    which that exists, and a pointer to an array of environment 
+                    strings on systems without environ.
+    gcsEnvironment: critical section to synchronize access to palEnvironment
+--*/
+extern char **palEnvironment;
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION gcsEnvironment;
+
+/*++
+
+Function:
+  EnvironInitialize
+
+Initialization function for the PAL environment code.
+--*/
+BOOL EnvironInitialize();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironGetenv
+
+Get the value of environment variable with the given name.
+--*/
+char *EnvironGetenv(const char *name, BOOL copyValue = TRUE);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironPutenv
+
+Add the environment variable string provided to the PAL version
+of the environment.
+--*/
+BOOL EnvironPutenv(const char *string, BOOL deleteIfEmpty);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironUnsetenv
+
+Remove the environment variable with the given name from the PAL
+version of the environment if it exists.
+--*/
+void EnvironUnsetenv(const char *name);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* __ENVIRON_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/event.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/event.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..98eeaee5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/event.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    event.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Event object structure definition.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_EVENT_H_
+#define _PAL_EVENT_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otManualResetEvent;
+    extern CObjectType otAutoResetEvent;
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateEvent(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
+        BOOL bManualReset,
+        BOOL bInitialState,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phEvent
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalSetEvent(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hEvent,
+        BOOL fSetEvent
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalOpenEvent(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phEvent
+        );
+        
+}
+
+#endif //PAL_EVENT_H_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/fakepoll.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/fakepoll.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eec40d6612
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/fakepoll.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+// fakepoll.h
+// poll using select
+// Warning: a call to this poll() takes about 4K of stack space.
+
+// Greg Parker     gparker@cs.stanford.edu     December 2000
+// This code is in the public domain and may be copied or modified without 
+// permission. 
+
+// Located at <http://www.sealiesoftware.com/fakepoll.h>.
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef _FAKE_POLL_H
+#define _FAKE_POLL_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#ifdef FD_SETSIZE
+#undef FD_SETSIZE
+#endif
+#define FD_SETSIZE OPEN_MAX
+
+typedef struct pollfd {
+    int fd;                         /* file desc to poll */
+    short events;                   /* events of interest on fd */
+    short revents;                  /* events that occurred on fd */
+} pollfd_t;
+
+// Typically defined in sys/stropts.h and used for an infinite timeout.
+#ifndef _INFTIM
+#define _INFTIM -1
+#endif
+#ifndef INFTIM
+#define INFTIM _INFTIM
+#endif
+
+// poll flags
+#define POLLIN  0x0001
+#define POLLOUT 0x0004
+#define POLLERR 0x0008
+
+// synonyms
+#define POLLNORM POLLIN
+#define POLLPRI POLLIN
+#define POLLRDNORM POLLIN
+#define POLLRDBAND POLLIN
+#define POLLWRNORM POLLOUT
+#define POLLWRBAND POLLOUT
+
+// ignored
+#define POLLHUP 0x0010
+#define POLLNVAL 0x0020
+
+int poll(struct pollfd *pollSet, int pollCount, int pollTimeout);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif  /* _FAKE_POLL_H */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93c8ad9784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.h
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/file.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for file utility functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_FILE_H_
+#define _PAL_FILE_H_
+
+#include "pal/shmemory.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef struct _find_handle
+{
+    struct _find_handle *self_addr; /* for pointer verification */
+
+    char   dir[_MAX_DIR];
+    char   fname[MAX_PATH_FNAME]; /* includes extension */
+    glob_t gGlob;
+    char   **next;
+} find_obj;
+
+/*++
+FILECanonicalizePath
+    Removes all instances of '/./', '/../' and '//' from an absolute path. 
+    
+Parameters:
+    LPSTR lpUnixPath : absolute path to modify, in Unix format
+
+(no return value)                                             
+ 
+Notes :
+-behavior is undefined if path is not absolute
+-the order of steps *is* important: /one/./../two would give /one/two 
+ instead of /two if step 3 was done before step 2
+-reason for this function is that GetFullPathName can't use realpath(), since 
+ realpath() requires the given path to be valid and GetFullPathName does not.
+--*/
+void FILECanonicalizePath(LPSTR lpUnixPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path. Replace '\' by '/'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void 
+FILEDosToUnixPathA(LPSTR lpPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathW
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path. Replace '\' by '/'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+  --*/
+void
+FILEDosToUnixPathW(LPWSTR lpPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileUnixToDosPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a Unix path to a DOS path. Replace '/' by '\'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void 
+FILEUnixToDosPathA(LPSTR lpPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA
+
+Parse the given path. If it contains a directory part and a file part,
+put the directory part into the supplied buffer, and return the number of
+characters written to the buffer. If the buffer is not large enough,
+return the required size of the buffer including the NULL character. If
+there is no directory part in the path, return 0.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath,
+                     DWORD  nBufferLength,
+                     LPSTR  lpBuffer );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetFileNameFromFullPath
+
+Given a full path, return a pointer to the first char of the filename part.
+--*/
+LPCSTR FILEGetFileNameFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno
+  
+Convert errno into the appropriate win32 error and return it.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno( void );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno
+  
+Convert errno into the appropriate win32 error and return it.
+--*/
+DWORD DIRGetLastErrorFromErrno( void );
+
+/*++
+FILEInitStdHandles
+
+Create handle objects for stdin, stdout and stderr
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+--*/
+BOOL FILEInitStdHandles(void);
+
+/*++
+FILECleanupStdHandles
+
+Close promary handles for stdin, stdout and stderr
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void FILECleanupStdHandles(void);
+
+/*++
+
+Function : 
+    FILEGetProperNotFoundError
+    
+Returns the proper error code, based on the 
+Windows behavoir.
+
+    IN LPSTR lpPath - The path to check.
+    LPDWORD lpErrorCode - The error to set.
+*/
+void FILEGetProperNotFoundError( LPCSTR lpPath, LPDWORD lpErrorCode );
+
+/*++
+PAL__getcwd
+
+Calls getcwd
+
+Input parameters:
+
+char *szBuf = a copy of the absolute pathname of the current working directory
+is copied into szBuf.
+size_t nSize = size, in bytes, of the array referenced by szBuf.
+
+Return value:
+    A pointer to the pathname if successful, otherwise NULL is returned.
+--*/
+char * __cdecl PAL__getcwd(char *szBuf, size_t nSize);
+
+/*++
+PAL_fflush
+
+Calls fflush
+
+Input parameters:
+
+PAL_FILE *stream = stream to be flushed. 
+
+Return value:
+    0 is returned on success, otherwise EOF is returned.
+--*/
+int _cdecl PAL_fflush( PAL_FILE *stream );
+
+/*++
+PAL_mkstemp
+    
+Calls InternalMkstemp to call mkstemp
+
+Input parameters:
+
+char *szNameTemplate = the pattern to follow when creating a new file.
+
+Return value:
+    file descriptor of opened file on success, -1 on failure.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_mkstemp(char *szNameTemplate);
+
+/*++
+PAL_rename
+
+Calls rename
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szOldName = pointer to the pathname of the file to be renamed
+szNewName = pointer to the new pathname of the file
+
+Return value:
+    Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_rename(const char *szOldName, const char *szNewName);
+
+/*++
+PAL_fgets
+
+Wrapper function for InternalFgets.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+sz = stores characters read from the given file stream
+nSize = number of characters to be read
+pf = stream to read characters from
+
+Return value:
+    Returns a pointer to the string storing the characters on success
+    and NULL on failure.
+--*/
+char * __cdecl PAL_fgets(char *sz, int nSize, PAL_FILE *pf);
+
+/*++
+PAL_fwrite
+
+Wrapper function for InternalFwrite
+
+Input parameters:
+
+pvBuffer = array of objects to write to the given file stream
+nSize = size of a object in bytes
+nCount = number of objects to write
+pf = stream to write characters to
+
+Return value:
+    Returns the number of objects written.
+--*/
+size_t __cdecl PAL_fwrite(const void *pvBuffer, size_t nSize, size_t nCount, PAL_FILE *pf);
+
+/*++
+PAL__open
+
+Wrapper function for InternalOpen.
+
+Input parameters:
+
+szPath = pointer to a pathname of a file to be opened
+nFlags = arguments that control how the file should be accessed
+mode = file permission settings that are used only when a file is created
+
+Return value:
+    File descriptor on success, -1 on failure
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL__open(const char *szPath, int nFlags, ...);
+
+/*++
+PAL_fseek
+
+Wrapper function for fseek
+
+Input parameters:
+
+pf = a given file stream
+lOffset = distance from position to set file-position indicator
+nWhence = method used to determine the file_position indicator location relative to lOffset
+
+Return value:
+    0 on success, -1 on failure.
+--*/
+int _cdecl PAL_fseek(PAL_FILE *pf, LONG lOffset, int nWhence);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_FILE_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5acccb0a24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/file.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,365 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/file.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for file utility functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_FILE_HPP_
+#define _PAL_FILE_HPP_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otFile;
+    extern CAllowedObjectTypes aotFile;
+
+    class CFileProcessLocalData
+    {
+    public:
+        IFileLockController *pLockController;
+
+        int  unix_fd;
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess; /* Unix assumes files are always opened for reading.
+                                  In Windows we can open a file for writing only */
+        int  open_flags;       /* stores Unix file creation flags */
+        BOOL open_flags_deviceaccessonly;
+        char unix_filename[MAXPATHLEN];
+        BOOL inheritable;
+    };
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPCSTR lpFileName,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        DWORD dwShareMode,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,
+        DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+        DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes,
+        HANDLE hTemplateFile,
+        HANDLE *pFileHandle
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalWriteFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        LPCVOID lpBuffer,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+        LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten,
+        LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalReadFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        LPVOID lpBuffer,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+        LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+        LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalSetEndOfFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalGetFileSize(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        DWORD *pdwFileSizeLow,
+        DWORD *pdwFileSizeHigh
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalFlushFileBuffers(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalGetFileType(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        DWORD *pdwFileType
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreatePipe(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE *phReadPipe,
+        HANDLE *phWritePipe,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpPipeAttributes,
+        DWORD nSize
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalLockFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockLow,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToLockHigh
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalUnlockFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockLow,
+        DWORD nNumberOfBytesToUnlockHigh
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalSetFilePointer(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        LONG lDistanceToMove,
+        PLONG lpDistanceToMoveHigh,
+        DWORD dwMoveMethod,
+        PLONG lpNewFilePointerLow
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalSetFileTime(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpCreationTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastAccessTime,
+        IN CONST FILETIME *lpLastWriteTime
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalGetFileTime(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        IN HANDLE hFile,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastAccessTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpLastWriteTime
+        );
+
+    BOOL
+    RealPathHelper(LPCSTR lpUnixPath, PathCharString& lpBuffer);
+    /*++
+      InternalCanonicalizeRealPath
+      Wraps realpath() to hide platform differences. See the man page for
+      realpath(3) for details of how realpath() works.
+
+      On systems on which realpath() allows the last path component to not
+      exist, this is a straight thunk through to realpath(). On other
+      systems, we remove the last path component, then call realpath().
+      --*/
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCanonicalizeRealPath(
+        LPCSTR lpUnixPath,
+        PathCharString& lpBuffer
+        );
+
+    /*++
+    InternalMkstemp
+    Wraps mkstemp
+    --*/
+    int 
+    InternalMkstemp(
+        char *szNameTemplate
+        );
+
+    /*++
+    InternalFgets
+    Wraps fgets
+    --*/
+    char *
+    InternalFgets(
+        char *sz,
+        int nSize,
+        FILE *f,
+        bool fTextMode
+        );
+
+    /*++
+    InternalFwrite
+    Wraps fwrite
+    --*/
+    size_t
+    InternalFwrite(
+        const void *pvBuffer,
+        size_t nSize,
+        size_t nCount,
+        FILE *f,
+        INT *pnErrorCode
+        );
+
+    /*++
+    InternalOpen
+    Wraps open
+    --*/
+    int
+    InternalOpen(
+        const char *szFilename,
+        int nFlags,
+        ...
+        );
+}
+
+extern "C"
+{
+
+//
+// These routines should all be separated out into something along the lines
+// of fileutils.* (instead of being commingled with the core file object
+// code).
+//
+
+/*++
+FILECanonicalizePath
+    Removes all instances of '/./', '/../' and '//' from an absolute path. 
+    
+Parameters:
+    LPSTR lpUnixPath : absolute path to modify, in Unix format
+
+(no return value)                                             
+ 
+Notes :
+-behavior is undefined if path is not absolute
+-the order of steps *is* important: /one/./../two would give /one/two 
+ instead of /two if step 3 was done before step 2
+-reason for this function is that GetFullPathName can't use realpath(), since 
+ realpath() requires the given path to be valid and GetFullPathName does not.
+--*/
+void FILECanonicalizePath(LPSTR lpUnixPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path. Replace '\' by '/'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void 
+FILEDosToUnixPathA(LPSTR lpPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileDosToUnixPathW
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a DOS path to a Unix path. Replace '\' by '/'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+  --*/
+void
+FILEDosToUnixPathW(LPWSTR lpPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FileUnixToDosPathA
+
+Abstract:
+  Change a Unix path to a DOS path. Replace '/' by '\'.
+
+Parameter:
+  IN/OUT lpPath: path to be modified
+--*/
+void 
+FILEUnixToDosPathA(LPSTR lpPath);
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA
+
+Parse the given path. If it contains a directory part and a file part,
+put the directory part into the supplied buffer, and return the number of
+characters written to the buffer. If the buffer is not large enough,
+return the required size of the buffer including the NULL character. If
+there is no directory part in the path, return 0.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath,
+                     DWORD  nBufferLength,
+                     LPSTR  lpBuffer );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetFileNameFromFullPath
+
+Given a full path, return a pointer to the first char of the filename part.
+--*/
+LPCSTR FILEGetFileNameFromFullPathA( LPCSTR lpFullPath );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno
+  
+Convert errno into the appropriate win32 error and return it.
+--*/
+DWORD FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno( void );
+
+/*++
+FILEInitStdHandles
+
+Create handle objects for stdin, stdout and stderr
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+--*/
+BOOL FILEInitStdHandles(void);
+
+/*++
+FILECleanupStdHandles
+
+Close primary handles for stdin, stdout and stderr
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void FILECleanupStdHandles(void);
+
+/*++
+
+Function : 
+    FILEGetProperNotFoundError
+    
+Returns the proper error code, based on the 
+Windows behavoir.
+
+    IN LPSTR lpPath - The path to check.
+    LPDWORD lpErrorCode - The error to set.
+*/
+void FILEGetProperNotFoundError( LPCSTR lpPath, LPDWORD lpErrorCode );
+
+}
+
+#endif /* _PAL_FILE_HPP_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/filetime.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/filetime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb37b4115a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/filetime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/filetime.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for utility functions having to do with file times.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_FILETIME_H_
+#define _PAL_FILETIME_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/* Provide consistent access to nanosecond fields, if they exist. */
+
+#if HAVE_STAT_TIMESPEC
+
+#define ST_ATIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_atimespec.tv_nsec)
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_mtimespec.tv_nsec)
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_ctimespec.tv_nsec)
+
+#else /* HAVE_STAT_TIMESPEC */
+
+#if HAVE_STAT_NSEC
+
+#define ST_ATIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_atimensec)
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_mtimensec)
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(statstruct) ((statstruct)->st_ctimensec)
+
+#else /* HAVE_STAT_NSEC */
+
+#define ST_ATIME_NSEC(statstruct) 0
+#define ST_MTIME_NSEC(statstruct) 0
+#define ST_CTIME_NSEC(statstruct) 0
+
+#endif /* HAVE_STAT_NSEC */
+#endif /* HAVE_STAT_TIMESPEC */
+
+FILETIME FILEUnixTimeToFileTime( time_t sec, long nsec );
+time_t FILEFileTimeToUnixTime( FILETIME FileTime, long *nsec );
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <CoreFoundation/CFDate.h>
+
+FILETIME FILECFAbsoluteTimeToFileTime( CFAbsoluteTime sec );
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_FILE_H_ */
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/handleapi.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/handleapi.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7974432a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/handleapi.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    handleapi.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Declaration of the handle management APIs
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _HANDLEAPI_HPP
+#define _HANDLEAPI_HPP
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalDuplicateHandle(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hSourceProcess,
+        HANDLE hSource,
+        HANDLE hTargetProcess,
+        LPHANDLE phDuplicate,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        DWORD dwOptions
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCloseHandle(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hObject
+        );
+}
+
+#endif // _HANDLEAPI_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/handlemgr.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/handlemgr.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1fbdb87199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/handlemgr.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    handlemgr.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Simple handle table manager class
+
+
+    
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_HANDLEMGR_H_
+#define _PAL_HANDLEMGR_H_
+
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+
+/* Pseudo handles constant for current thread and process */
+extern const HANDLE hPseudoCurrentProcess;
+extern const HANDLE hPseudoCurrentThread;
+extern const HANDLE hPseudoGlobalIOCP;
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    class CSimpleHandleManager
+    {
+    private:
+        enum { c_BasicGrowthRate = 1024 };
+        enum { c_MaxIndex = 0x3FFFFFFE };
+
+        typedef UINT_PTR HANDLE_INDEX;
+        static const HANDLE_INDEX c_hiInvalid = (HANDLE_INDEX) -1;
+
+        HANDLE
+        HandleIndexToHandle(HANDLE_INDEX hi)
+        {
+            return (HANDLE) ((hi + 1) << 2);
+        };
+
+        HANDLE_INDEX
+        HandleToHandleIndex(HANDLE h)
+        {
+            return (HANDLE_INDEX) (((UINT_PTR) h) >> 2) - 1;
+        };
+
+        typedef struct _HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY
+        {
+            union
+            {
+                IPalObject *pObject;
+                HANDLE_INDEX hiNextIndex;
+            } u;
+            
+            DWORD dwAccessRights;
+            bool fInheritable;
+            
+            bool fEntryAllocated;
+        } HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY;
+
+        HANDLE_INDEX m_hiFreeListStart;
+        HANDLE_INDEX m_hiFreeListEnd;
+        
+        DWORD m_dwTableSize;
+        DWORD m_dwTableGrowthRate;
+        HANDLE_TABLE_ENTRY* m_rghteHandleTable;
+
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_csLock;
+        bool m_fLockInitialized;
+
+        bool ValidateHandle(HANDLE h);
+
+    public:
+
+        CSimpleHandleManager()
+            :
+            m_hiFreeListStart(c_hiInvalid),
+            m_hiFreeListEnd(c_hiInvalid),
+            m_dwTableSize(0),
+            m_dwTableGrowthRate(c_BasicGrowthRate),
+            m_rghteHandleTable(NULL),
+            m_fLockInitialized(FALSE)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        ~CSimpleHandleManager()
+        {
+            if (m_fLockInitialized)
+            {
+                DeleteCriticalSection(&m_csLock);
+            }
+
+            if (NULL != m_rghteHandleTable)
+            {
+                free(m_rghteHandleTable);
+            }
+        }
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            void
+            );
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AllocateHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            IPalObject *pObject,
+            DWORD dwAccessRights,
+            bool fInheritable,
+            HANDLE *ph
+            );
+
+        //
+        // On success this will add a reference to the returned object.
+        //
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetObjectFromHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            HANDLE h,
+            DWORD *pdwRightsGranted,
+            IPalObject **ppObject
+            );
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        FreeHandle(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            HANDLE h
+            );
+
+        void
+        Lock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            )
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &m_csLock);
+        };
+
+        void
+        Unlock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            )
+        {
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &m_csLock);
+        };
+    };
+
+    bool
+    HandleIsSpecial(
+        HANDLE h
+        );
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_HANDLEMGR_H_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/identity.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/identity.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd64a659ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/identity.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/identity.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for identity functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_IDENTITY_HPP_
+#define _PAL_IDENTITY_HPP_
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+/*++
+
+Function:
+  IdentityInitialize
+
+--*/
+BOOL IdentityInitialize();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  IdentityCleanup
+
+--*/
+VOID IdentityCleanup();
+
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+namespace CorUnix
+{   
+    int
+    InternalGetpwuid_r(
+        CPalThread *pPalThread,
+        uid_t uid,
+        struct passwd *pPasswd,
+        char *pchBuffer,
+        size_t nBufSize,
+        struct passwd **ppResult
+        ); 
+}
+#endif /* HAVE_GETPWUID_R */
+
+#endif /* _PAL_IDENTITY_HPP_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/init.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/init.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d478ed275b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/init.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/init.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for PAL init utility functions. Those functions
+    are only use by the PAL itself.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_INIT_H_
+#define _PAL_INIT_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALCommonCleanup
+
+Utility function to prepare for shutdown.
+
+--*/
+void PALCommonCleanup();
+
+extern Volatile<INT> init_count;
+
+/*++
+MACRO:
+  PALIsInitialized
+
+Returns TRUE if the PAL is in an initialized state
+(#calls to PAL_Initialize > #calls to PAL_Terminate)
+
+Warning : this will only report the PAL's state at the moment it is called. 
+If it is necessary to ensure the PAL remains initialized (or not) while doing 
+some work, the Initialization lock (PALInitLock()) should be held.
+--*/
+#define PALIsInitialized() (0 < init_count)
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALIsThreadDataInitialized
+
+Returns TRUE if startup has reached a point where thread data is available
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALIsThreadDataInitialized();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALIsShuttingDown
+
+Returns TRUE if the some thread has declared intent to shutdown
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALIsShuttingDown();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALSetShutdownIntent
+
+Delcares intent to shutdown
+--*/
+void
+PALSetShutdownIntent();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALInitLock
+
+Take the initializaiton critical section (init_critsec). necessary to serialize 
+TerminateProcess along with PAL_Terminate and PAL_Initialize
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if critical section existed (and was acquired)
+    FALSE if critical section doens't exist yet
+--*/
+BOOL PALInitLock(void);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALInitUnlock
+
+Release the initialization critical section (init_critsec). 
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void PALInitUnlock(void);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_INIT_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/list.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/list.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cd78c0f03a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/list.h
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    list.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Doubly-linked list manipulation macros (from ntrtl.h)
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _LIST_H_INCLUDED
+#define _LIST_H_INCLUDED
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef struct _LIST_ENTRY {
+   struct _LIST_ENTRY *Flink;
+   struct _LIST_ENTRY *Blink;
+} LIST_ENTRY, *PLIST_ENTRY;
+
+//
+//  VOID
+//  InitializeListHead(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead
+//      );
+//
+
+#define InitializeListHead(ListHead) (\
+    (ListHead)->Flink = (ListHead)->Blink = (ListHead))
+
+//
+//  BOOLEAN
+//  IsListEmpty(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead
+//      );
+//
+
+#define IsListEmpty(ListHead) \
+    ((ListHead)->Flink == (ListHead))
+
+//
+//  PLIST_ENTRY
+//  RemoveHeadList(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead
+//      );
+//
+
+#define RemoveHeadList(ListHead) \
+    (ListHead)->Flink;\
+    {RemoveEntryList((ListHead)->Flink)}
+
+//
+//  PLIST_ENTRY
+//  RemoveTailList(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead
+//      );
+//
+
+#define RemoveTailList(ListHead) \
+    (ListHead)->Blink;\
+    {RemoveEntryList((ListHead)->Blink)}
+
+//
+//  VOID
+//  RemoveEntryList(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY Entry
+//      );
+//
+
+#define RemoveEntryList(Entry) {\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_Blink;\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_Flink;\
+    _EX_Flink = (Entry)->Flink;\
+    _EX_Blink = (Entry)->Blink;\
+    _EX_Blink->Flink = _EX_Flink;\
+    _EX_Flink->Blink = _EX_Blink;\
+    }
+
+//
+//  VOID
+//  InsertTailList(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead,
+//      PLIST_ENTRY Entry
+//      );
+//
+
+#define InsertTailList(ListHead,Entry) {\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_Blink;\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_ListHead;\
+    _EX_ListHead = (ListHead);\
+    _EX_Blink = _EX_ListHead->Blink;\
+    (Entry)->Flink = _EX_ListHead;\
+    (Entry)->Blink = _EX_Blink;\
+    _EX_Blink->Flink = (Entry);\
+    _EX_ListHead->Blink = (Entry);\
+    }
+
+//
+//  VOID
+//  InsertHeadList(
+//      PLIST_ENTRY ListHead,
+//      PLIST_ENTRY Entry
+//      );
+//
+
+#define InsertHeadList(ListHead,Entry) {\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_Flink;\
+    PLIST_ENTRY _EX_ListHead;\
+    _EX_ListHead = (ListHead);\
+    _EX_Flink = _EX_ListHead->Flink;\
+    (Entry)->Flink = _EX_Flink;\
+    (Entry)->Blink = _EX_ListHead;\
+    _EX_Flink->Blink = (Entry);\
+    _EX_ListHead->Flink = (Entry);\
+    }
+
+#define CONTAINING_RECORD(address, type, field) ((type *)( \
+                                                  (PCHAR)(address) - \
+                                                  (ULONG_PTR)(&((type *)0)->field)))
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif // _LIST_H_INCLUDED
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/locale.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/locale.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f59ce2e174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/locale.h
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    locale.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Prototypes for codepage initialization, and control of the readwrite locks
+    for systems that use them.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_LOCALE_H_
+#define _PAL_LOCALE_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#if HAVE_LOWERCASE_ISO_NAME
+#define ISO_NAME(region, encoding, part)  region ".iso" encoding part
+#elif HAVE_UNDERSCORE_ISO_NAME
+#define ISO_NAME(region, encoding, part)  region ".ISO_" encoding "-" part
+#else
+#define ISO_NAME(region, encoding, part)  region ".ISO" encoding "-" part
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+#define CF_EXCLUDE_CSTD_HEADERS
+#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+#if !ENABLE_DOWNLEVEL_FOR_NLS
+BOOL LocaleInitialize( void );
+void LocaleCleanup( void );
+#endif // !ENABLE_DOWNLEVEL_FOR_NLS
+
+typedef
+struct _CP_MAPPING
+{
+    UINT                nCodePage;      /* Code page identifier. */
+    CFStringEncoding    nCFEncoding;    /* The equivalent CFString encoding. */
+    UINT                nMaxByteSize;   /* The max byte size of any character. */
+    BYTE                LeadByte[ MAX_LEADBYTES ];  /* The lead byte array. */
+} CP_MAPPING;
+#elif HAVE_PTHREAD_RWLOCK_T
+typedef 
+struct _CP_MAPPING
+{
+    UINT    nCodePage;                  // Code page identifier.
+    LPCSTR  lpBSDEquivalent;            // The equivalent BSD locale identifier.
+    UINT    nMaxByteSize;               // The max byte size of any character.
+    BYTE    LeadByte[ MAX_LEADBYTES ];  // The lead byte array.
+} CP_MAPPING;
+#else
+#error Insufficient platform support for text encodings
+#endif
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_LOCALE_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/malloc.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/malloc.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7333419a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/malloc.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pal/malloc.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Declarations for suspension safe memory allocation functions
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _MALLOC_HPP
+#define _MALLOC_HPP
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+extern "C"
+{
+    void *
+    __cdecl
+    PAL_realloc(
+        void* pvMemblock,
+        size_t szSize
+        );
+
+    void *
+    __cdecl
+    PAL_malloc(
+        size_t szSize
+        );
+
+    void
+    __cdecl
+    PAL_free(
+        void *pvMem
+        );
+
+    char *
+    __cdecl
+    PAL__strdup(
+        const char *c_szStr
+        );
+}
+
+inline void* operator new(size_t, void* p) throw () { return p; }
+inline void* operator new[](size_t, void* p) throw () { return p; }
+
+namespace CorUnix{
+
+    void *
+    InternalRealloc(
+        void *pvMemblock,
+        size_t szSize
+        );
+
+    void *
+    InternalMalloc(
+        size_t szSize
+        );
+
+    // Define common code for "new" style allocators below.
+#define INTERNAL_NEW_COMMON()                    \
+        T *pMem = (T*)InternalMalloc(sizeof(T)); \
+        if (pMem == NULL)                        \
+            return NULL;
+
+    // Define "new" style allocators (which allocate then call a constructor) for different numbers of
+    // constructor arguments. Added based on usage.
+
+    // Default constructor (0 args) case.
+    template<class T>
+    T* InternalNew()
+    {
+        INTERNAL_NEW_COMMON();
+        return new (pMem) T();
+    }
+
+    // 2 args case.
+    template<class T, class A1, class A2>
+    T* InternalNew(A1 arg1, A2 arg2)
+    {
+        INTERNAL_NEW_COMMON();
+        return new (pMem) T(arg1, arg2);
+    }
+
+    // 4 args case.
+    template<class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4>
+    T* InternalNew(A1 arg1, A2 arg2, A3 arg3, A4 arg4)
+    {
+        INTERNAL_NEW_COMMON();
+        return new (pMem) T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4);
+    }
+
+    // 5 args case.
+    template<class T, class A1, class A2, class A3, class A4, class A5>
+    T* InternalNew(A1 arg1, A2 arg2, A3 arg3, A4 arg4, A5 arg5)
+    {
+        INTERNAL_NEW_COMMON();
+        return new (pMem) T(arg1, arg2, arg3, arg4, arg5);
+    }
+
+    template<class T> T* InternalNewArray(size_t cElements)
+    {
+        size_t cbSize = (cElements * sizeof(T)) + sizeof(size_t);
+        T *pMem;
+
+        pMem = (T*)InternalMalloc(cbSize);
+
+        if (pMem == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+
+        *(size_t*)pMem = cElements;
+        pMem = (T*)((size_t*)pMem + 1);
+
+        return new (pMem) T[cElements]();
+    }
+
+    template<class T> void InternalDelete(T *p)
+    {
+        if (p)
+        {
+            p->~T();
+            free(p);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<class T> void InternalDeleteArray(T *p)
+    {
+        if (p)
+        {
+            size_t *pRealMem = (size_t*)p - 1;
+            size_t cElements = *pRealMem;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < cElements; i++)
+                p[i].~T();
+            free(pRealMem);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#endif // _MALLOC_HPP
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..96f538fbd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/map.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for file mapping functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_MAP_H_
+#define _PAL_MAP_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPGetRegionInfo
+
+    Parameters: 
+    lpAddress: pointer to the starting memory location, not necessary
+               to be rounded to the page location
+
+    lpBuffer: if this function finds information about the specified address,
+              the information is stored in this struct
+
+    Note: This function is to be used in virtual.c
+          
+    Returns TRUE if this function finds information about the specified address
+--*/
+
+BOOL MAPGetRegionInfo(LPVOID lpAddress, PMEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_MAP_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..854e6c549a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/map.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/map.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Header file for file mapping functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_MAP_H_
+#define _PAL_MAP_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#include "list.h"
+
+#ifndef NO_INO
+#define NO_INO ((ino_t)-1)
+#endif
+
+    /*++
+    Function :
+        MapInitialize
+
+        Initialize the critical sections.
+
+    Return value:
+        TRUE  if initialization succeeded
+        FALSE otherwise        
+    --*/
+    BOOL MAPInitialize( void );
+
+    /*++
+    Function :
+        MapCleanup
+
+        Deletes the critical sections.
+
+    --*/
+    void MAPCleanup( void );
+
+    /*++
+    Function :
+        MAPGetRegionInfo
+
+        Parameters: 
+        lpAddress: pointer to the starting memory location, not necessary
+                   to be rounded to the page location
+
+        lpBuffer: if this function finds information about the specified address,
+                  the information is stored in this struct
+
+        Note: This function is to be used in virtual.c
+              
+        Returns TRUE if this function finds information about the specified address
+    --*/
+
+    BOOL MAPGetRegionInfo(LPVOID lpAddress, PMEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer);
+
+    /*++
+        MAPMapPEFile -
+
+        Map a PE format file into memory like Windows LoadLibrary() would do.
+        Doesn't apply base relocations if the function is relocated.
+
+    Parameters:
+        IN hFile - file to map
+
+    Return value:
+        non-NULL - the base address of the mapped image
+        NULL - error, with last error set.
+    --*/
+
+    void * MAPMapPEFile(HANDLE hFile);
+
+    /*++
+    Function :
+        MAPUnmapPEFile - unmap a PE file, and remove it from the recorded list of PE files mapped
+
+        returns TRUE if successful, FALSE otherwise
+    --*/
+    BOOL MAPUnmapPEFile(LPCVOID lpAddress);
+}
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otFileMapping;
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    typedef struct _NativeMapHolder
+    {
+        Volatile<LONG> ref_count;
+        LPVOID address;
+        SIZE_T size;
+        SIZE_T offset; /* for future use */
+    } NativeMapHolder;
+#endif
+
+    /* Process specific information. This 
+    structure is not stored in shared memory.*/
+    typedef struct _MVL
+    {
+        LIST_ENTRY Link;
+        
+        //
+        // Each MVL entry holds a reference to its parent file
+        // mapping object.
+        //
+        
+        IPalObject *pFileMapping;
+        
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        NativeMapHolder * pNMHolder; /* Ref-counted holder for memory mapping */
+        dev_t   MappedFileDevNum;           /* ID of device containing the file to be mapped */
+        ino_t   MappedFileInodeNum;         /* Inode number of file to be mapped.
+                                               These two fields are used used to uniquely 
+                                               identify files on systems that do not allow 
+                                               more than one shared mmapping per region of 
+                                               physical file, per process */
+#endif
+        LPVOID lpAddress;           /* The pointer to the mapped memory. */
+        SIZE_T NumberOfBytesToMap;  /* Number of bytes to map. */
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess;      /* Desired access. */
+        LPVOID lpPEBaseAddress;     /* If this mapping is part of a PE file mapping, this is the
+                                       base address pointer of the PE file (used to find all
+                                       parts of the PE file mapping to allow PE file unload).
+                                       Otherwise, it is NULL. */
+    } MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, * PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST;
+
+    class CFileMappingImmutableData
+    {
+    public:
+        CHAR szFileName[MAXPATHLEN];
+        UINT MaxSize;               // The max size of the file mapping object
+        DWORD flProtect;            // Protection desired for the file view
+        BOOL bPALCreatedTempFile;   // TRUE if it's a PAL created file
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened;  // FILE_MAP_WRITE etc
+    };
+
+    class CFileMappingProcessLocalData 
+    {
+    public:
+        INT     UnixFd;                     /* File descriptor. */
+        
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        dev_t   MappedFileDevNum;           /* ID of device containing the file to be mapped */
+        ino_t   MappedFileInodeNum;         /* Inode number of file to be mapped.
+                                               These two fields are used used to uniquely 
+                                               identify files on systems that do not allow 
+                                               more than one shared mmapping per region of 
+                                               physical file, per process */
+#endif
+    };
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateFileMapping(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFile,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpFileMappingAttributes,
+        DWORD flProtect,
+        DWORD dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+        DWORD dwMaximumSizeLow,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phMapping
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalOpenFileMapping(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phMapping
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalMapViewOfFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hFileMappingObject,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+        SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+        LPVOID *ppvBaseAddress
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalUnmapViewOfFile(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPCVOID lpBaseAddress
+        );
+
+}
+
+#endif /* _PAL_MAP_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/misc.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/misc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..65d59aee60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/misc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/misc.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for the initialization and clean up functions
+    for the misc Win32 functions
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef __MISC_H_
+#define __MISC_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    PAL_rand
+
+    Calls rand and mitigates the difference between RAND_MAX
+    on Windows and FreeBSD.
+--*/
+int __cdecl PAL_rand(void);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    PAL_time
+--*/
+PAL_time_t __cdecl PAL_time(PAL_time_t*);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+TIMEInitialize
+
+Return value:
+TRUE if initialize succeeded
+FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL TIMEInitialize( void );
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MsgBoxInitialize
+
+    Initialize the critical sections.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if initialize succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL MsgBoxInitialize( void );
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MsgBoxCleanup
+
+    Deletes the critical sections.
+
+--*/
+void MsgBoxCleanup( void );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* __MISC_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/module.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/module.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..95fa605c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/module.h
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/module.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for modle management utilities.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_MODULE_H_
+#define _PAL_MODULE_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef BOOL (__stdcall *PDLLMAIN)(HINSTANCE, DWORD, LPVOID);   /* entry point of module */
+typedef HINSTANCE (PALAPI *PREGISTER_MODULE)(LPCSTR);           /* used to create the HINSTANCE for above DLLMain entry point */
+typedef VOID (PALAPI *PUNREGISTER_MODULE)(HINSTANCE);           /* used to cleanup the HINSTANCE for above DLLMain entry point */
+
+typedef struct _MODSTRUCT
+{
+    HMODULE self;           /* circular reference to this module */
+    void *dl_handle;        /* handle returned by dlopen() */
+    HINSTANCE hinstance;    /* handle returned by PAL_RegisterLibrary */
+    LPWSTR lib_name;        /* full path of module */
+    INT refcount;           /* reference count */
+                            /* -1 means infinite reference count - module is never released */
+    BOOL threadLibCalls;    /* TRUE for DLL_THREAD_ATTACH/DETACH notifications enabled, FALSE if they are disabled */
+
+#if RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+    ino_t inode;
+    dev_t device;
+#endif
+
+    PDLLMAIN pDllMain;    /* entry point of module */
+
+    /* reference to next and previous modules in list (in load order) */
+    struct _MODSTRUCT *next;
+    struct _MODSTRUCT *prev;
+} MODSTRUCT;
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADInitializeModules
+
+    Initialize the process-wide list of modules
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE on failure
+
+--*/
+BOOL LOADInitializeModules();
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADSetExeName
+
+    Set the exe name path
+
+Parameters :
+    LPWSTR man exe path and name
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if initialization succeedded
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL LOADSetExeName(LPWSTR name);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADCallDllMain
+
+    Call DllMain for all modules (that have one) with the given "fwReason"
+
+Parameters :
+    DWORD dwReason : parameter to pass down to DllMain, one of DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, 
+        DLL_THREAD_ATTACH, DLL_THREAD_DETACH
+
+    LPVOID lpReserved : parameter to pass down to DllMain
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, lpvReserved is NULL for dynamic loads and non-NULL for static loads.
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, lpvReserved is NULL if DllMain has been called by using FreeLibrary 
+            and non-NULL if DllMain has been called during process termination. 
+
+(no return value)
+
+Notes :
+    This is used to send DLL_THREAD_*TACH messages to modules
+--*/
+void LOADCallDllMain(DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LockModuleList
+
+Abstract
+  Enter the critical section associated to the module list
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+void LockModuleList();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UnlockModuleList
+
+Abstract
+  Leave the critical section associated to the module list
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+void UnlockModuleList();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_LOADLoadPEFile
+
+Abstract
+  Loads a PE file into memory.  Properly maps all of the sections in the PE file.  Returns a pointer to the
+  loaded base.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN hFile    - The file to load
+
+Return value:
+    A valid base address if successful.
+    0 if failure
+--*/
+void * PAL_LOADLoadPEFile(HANDLE hFile);
+
+/*++
+    PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile
+
+    Unload a PE file that was loaded by PAL_LOADLoadPEFile().
+
+Parameters:
+    IN ptr - the file pointer returned by PAL_LOADLoadPEFile()
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE - success
+    FALSE - failure (incorrect ptr, etc.)
+--*/
+BOOL PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile(void * ptr);
+
+/*++
+    LOADInitializeCoreCLRModule
+
+    Run the initialization methods for CoreCLR module.
+
+Parameters:
+    None
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if successful
+    FALSE if failure
+--*/
+BOOL LOADInitializeCoreCLRModule();
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADGetPalLibrary
+
+    Load and initialize the PAL module.
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+Return value :
+    handle to loaded module
+
+--*/
+MODSTRUCT *LOADGetPalLibrary();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_MODULE_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/modulename.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/modulename.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..70b0a610dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/modulename.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/modulename.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for functions to get the name of a module
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_MODULENAME_H_
+#define _PAL_MODULENAME_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+const char *PAL_dladdr(LPVOID ProcAddress);
+#if defined(_AIX)
+int GetLibRotorNameViaLoadQuery(LPSTR pszBuf);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /*_PAL_MODULENAME_H_*/
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/mutex.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/mutex.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6a46689d7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/mutex.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    mutex.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Mutex object structure definition.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_MUTEX_H_
+#define _PAL_MUTEX_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "sharedmemory.h"
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otMutex;
+    extern CObjectType otNamedMutex;
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateMutex(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpMutexAttributes,
+        BOOL bInitialOwner,
+        LPCSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phMutex
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalReleaseMutex(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hMutex
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalOpenMutex(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        LPCSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phMutex
+        );
+        
+}
+
+#define SYNCSPINLOCK_F_ASYMMETRIC  1
+
+#define SPINLOCKInit(lock) (*(lock) = 0)
+#define SPINLOCKDestroy SPINLOCKInit
+
+void SPINLOCKAcquire (LONG * lock, unsigned int flags);
+void SPINLOCKRelease (LONG * lock);
+DWORD SPINLOCKTryAcquire (LONG * lock);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Named mutex
+
+// Temporarily disabling usage of pthread process-shared mutexes on ARM/ARM64 due to functional issues that cannot easily be
+// detected with code due to hangs. See https://github.com/dotnet/coreclr/issues/5456.
+#if HAVE_FULLY_FEATURED_PTHREAD_MUTEXES && HAVE_FUNCTIONAL_PTHREAD_ROBUST_MUTEXES && !(defined(_ARM_) || defined(_ARM64_))
+    #define NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX 1
+#else
+    #define NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX 0
+#endif
+
+enum class NamedMutexError : DWORD
+{
+    MaximumRecursiveLocksReached = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY,
+    ThreadHasNotAcquiredMutex = ERROR_NOT_OWNER,
+    Unknown = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY
+};
+
+enum class MutexTryAcquireLockResult
+{
+    AcquiredLock,
+    AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned,
+    TimedOut
+};
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+class MutexHelpers
+{
+public:
+    static void InitializeProcessSharedRobustRecursiveMutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
+    static void DestroyMutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
+
+    static MutexTryAcquireLockResult TryAcquireLock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, DWORD timeoutMilliseconds);
+    static void ReleaseLock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
+};
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+class NamedMutexSharedData
+{
+private:
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    pthread_mutex_t m_lock;
+#else // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    UINT32 m_timedWaiterCount;
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    UINT32 m_lockOwnerProcessId;
+    UINT64 m_lockOwnerThreadId;
+    bool m_isAbandoned;
+
+public:
+    NamedMutexSharedData();
+    ~NamedMutexSharedData();
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+public:
+    pthread_mutex_t *GetLock();
+#else // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+public:
+    bool HasAnyTimedWaiters() const;
+    void IncTimedWaiterCount();
+    void DecTimedWaiterCount();
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+public:
+    bool IsAbandoned() const;
+    void SetIsAbandoned(bool isAbandoned);
+
+public:
+    bool IsLockOwnedByAnyThread() const;
+    bool IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread() const;
+    void SetLockOwnerToCurrentThread();
+    void ClearLockOwner();
+};
+
+class NamedMutexProcessData : public SharedMemoryProcessDataBase
+{
+private:
+    static const UINT8 SyncSystemVersion;
+    static const DWORD PollLoopMaximumSleepMilliseconds;
+
+private:
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *m_processDataHeader;
+    NamedMutexSharedData *m_sharedData;
+    SIZE_T m_lockCount;
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    HANDLE m_processLockHandle;
+    int m_sharedLockFileDescriptor;
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    CorUnix::CPalThread *m_lockOwnerThread;
+    NamedMutexProcessData *m_nextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList;
+
+public:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *CreateOrOpen(LPCSTR name, bool acquireLockIfCreated, bool *createdRef);
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *Open(LPCSTR name);
+private:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *CreateOrOpen(LPCSTR name, bool createIfNotExist, bool acquireLockIfCreated, bool *createdRef);
+
+public:
+    NamedMutexProcessData(
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader
+    #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+        ,
+        int sharedLockFileDescriptor
+    #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    );
+    virtual void Close(bool isAbruptShutdown, bool releaseSharedData) override;
+
+private:
+    NamedMutexSharedData *GetSharedData() const;
+    void SetLockOwnerThread(CorUnix::CPalThread *lockOwnerThread);
+public:
+    NamedMutexProcessData *GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList() const;
+    void SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(NamedMutexProcessData *next);
+
+public:
+    MutexTryAcquireLockResult TryAcquireLock(DWORD timeoutMilliseconds);
+    void ReleaseLock();
+    void Abandon();
+private:
+    void ActuallyReleaseLock();
+};
+
+#endif //_PAL_MUTEX_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/palinternal.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/palinternal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7348192e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/palinternal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,696 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    palinternal.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Rotor Platform Adaptation Layer (PAL) header file used by source
+    file part of the PAL implementation. This is a wrapper over 
+    unix/inc/pal.h. It allows avoiding name collisions when including 
+    system header files, and it allows redirecting calls to 'standard' functions
+    to their PAL counterpart
+
+Details :
+
+A] Rationale (see B] for the quick recipe)
+There are 2 types of namespace collisions that must be handled.
+
+1) standard functions declared in pal.h, which do not need to be 
+   implemented in the PAL because the system's implementation is sufficient.
+
+   (examples : memcpy, strlen, fclose)
+
+   The problem with these is that a prototype for them is provided both in 
+   pal.h and in a system header (stdio.h, etc). If a PAL file needs to 
+   include the files containing both prototypes, the compiler may complain 
+   about the multiple declarations.
+
+   To avoid this, the inclusion of pal.h must be wrapped in a 
+   #define/#undef pair, which will effectiveily "hide" the pal.h 
+   declaration by renaming it to something else. this is done by palinternal.h
+   in this way :
+
+   #define some_function DUMMY_some_function
+   #include <pal.h>
+   #undef some_function
+
+   when a PAL source file includes palinternal.h, it will see a prototype for 
+   DUMMY_some_function instead of some_function; so when it includes the 
+   system header with the "real" prototype, no collision occurs.
+
+   (note : technically, no functions should ever be treated this way, all 
+   system functions should be wrapped according to method 2, so that call 
+   logging through ENTRY macros is done for all functions n the PAL. However 
+   this reason alone is not currently considered enough to warrant a wrapper)
+
+2) standard functions which must be reimplemented by the PAL, because the 
+   system's implementation does not offer suitable functionnality.
+   
+   (examples : widestring functions, networking)
+   
+   Here, the problem is more complex. The PAL must provide functions with the 
+   same name as system functions. Due to the nature of Unix dynamic linking, 
+   if this is done, the PAL's implementation will effectively mask the "real" 
+   function, so that all calls are directed to it. This makes it impossible for
+   a function to be implemented as calling its counterpart in the system, plus 
+   some extra work, because instead of calling the system's implementation, the
+   function would only call itself in an infinitely recursing nightmare. Even 
+   worse, if by bad luck the system libraries attempt to call the function for 
+   which the PAL provides an implementation, it is the PAL's version that will 
+   be called.
+   It is therefore necessary to give the PAL's implementation of such functions
+   a different name. However, PAL consumers (applications built on top of the 
+   PAL) must be able to call the function by its 'official' name, not the PAL's 
+   internal name. 
+   This can be done with some more macro magic, by #defining the official name 
+   to the internal name *in pal.h*. :
+
+   #define some_function PAL_some_function
+
+   This way, while PAL consumer code can use the official name, it is the 
+   internal name that wil be seen at compile time.
+   However, one extra step is needed. While PAL consumers must use the PAL's 
+   implementation of these functions, the PAL itself must still have access to
+   the "real" functions. This is done by #undefining in palinternal.h the names
+   #defined in pal.h :
+
+   #include <pal.h>
+   #undef some_function.
+
+   At this point, code in the PAL implementation can access *both* its own 
+   implementation of the function (with PAL_some_function) *and* the system's 
+   implementation (with some_function)
+
+    [side note : for the Win32 PAL, this can be accomplished without touching 
+    pal.h. In Windows, symbols in in dynamic libraries are resolved at 
+    compile time. if an application that uses some_function is only linked to 
+    pal.dll, some_function will be resolved to the version in that DLL, 
+    even if other DLLs in the system provide other implementations. In addition,
+    the function in the DLL can actually have a different name (e.g. 
+    PAL_some_function), to which the 'official' name is aliased when the DLL 
+    is compiled. All this is not possible with Unix dynamic linking, where 
+    symbols are resolved at run-time in a first-found-first-used order. A 
+    module may end up using the symbols from a module it was never linked with,
+    simply because that module was located somewhere in the dependency chain. ]
+
+    It should be mentionned that even if a function name is not documented as 
+    being implemented in the system, it can still cause problems if it exists. 
+    This is especially a problem for functions in the "reserved" namespace 
+    (names starting with an underscore : _exit, etc). (We shouldn't really be 
+    implementing functions with such a name, but we don't really have a choice)
+    If such a case is detected, it should be wrapped according to method 2
+
+    Note that for all this to work, it is important for the PAL's implementation
+    files to #include palinternal.h *before* any system files, and to never 
+    include pal.h directly.
+
+B] Procedure for name conflict resolution :
+
+When adding a function to pal.h, which is implemented by the system and 
+which does not need a different implementation :
+
+- add a #define function_name DUMMY_function_name to palinternal.h, after all 
+  the other DUMMY_ #defines (above the #include <pal.h> line)
+- add the function's prototype to pal.h (if that isn't already done)
+- add a #undef function_name to palinternal.h near all the other #undefs 
+  (after the #include <pal.h> line)
+  
+When overriding a system function with the PAL's own implementation :
+
+- add a #define function_name PAL_function_name to pal.h, somewhere 
+  before the function's prototype, inside a #ifndef _MSCVER/#endif pair 
+  (to avoid affecting the Win32 build)
+- add a #undef function_name to palinternal.h near all the other #undefs 
+  (after the #include <pal.h> line)
+- implement the function in the pal, naming it PAL_function_name
+- within the PAL, call PAL_function_name() to call the PAL's implementation, 
+function_name() to call the system's implementation
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_INTERNAL_H_
+#define _PAL_INTERNAL_H_
+
+#define PAL_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/* Include our configuration information so it's always present when
+   compiling PAL implementation files. */
+#include "config.h"
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ 1
+#else
+#define _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef PAL_PERF
+#include "pal_perf.h"
+#endif
+
+/* C runtime functions needed to be renamed to avoid duplicate definition
+   of those functions when including standard C header files */
+#define div DUMMY_div
+#define div_t DUMMY_div_t
+#if !defined(_DEBUG)
+#define memcpy DUMMY_memcpy 
+#endif //!defined(_DEBUG)
+#define memcmp DUMMY_memcmp 
+#define memset DUMMY_memset 
+#define memmove DUMMY_memmove 
+#define memchr DUMMY_memchr
+#define strlen DUMMY_strlen
+#define strnlen DUMMY_strnlen
+#define stricmp DUMMY_stricmp 
+#define strstr DUMMY_strstr 
+#define strcmp DUMMY_strcmp 
+#define strcat DUMMY_strcat
+#define strncat DUMMY_strncat
+#define strcpy DUMMY_strcpy
+#define strcspn DUMMY_strcspn
+#define strncmp DUMMY_strncmp
+#define strncpy DUMMY_strncpy
+#define strchr DUMMY_strchr
+#define strrchr DUMMY_strrchr 
+#define strpbrk DUMMY_strpbrk
+#define strtod DUMMY_strtod
+#define strspn DUMMY_strspn
+#if HAVE__SNPRINTF
+#define _snprintf DUMMY__snprintf
+#endif /* HAVE__SNPRINTF */
+#if HAVE__SNWPRINTF
+#define _snwprintf DUMMY__snwprintf
+#endif  /* HAVE__SNWPRINTF */
+#define tolower DUMMY_tolower
+#define toupper DUMMY_toupper
+#define islower DUMMY_islower
+#define isupper DUMMY_isupper
+#define isprint DUMMY_isprint
+#define isdigit DUMMY_isdigit
+#define srand DUMMY_srand
+#define atoi DUMMY_atoi
+#define atof DUMMY_atof
+#define tm PAL_tm
+#define size_t DUMMY_size_t
+#define time_t PAL_time_t
+#define va_list DUMMY_va_list
+#define abs DUMMY_abs
+#define llabs DUMMY_llabs
+#define ceil DUMMY_ceil
+#define cos DUMMY_cos
+#define cosh DUMMY_cosh
+#define fabs DUMMY_fabs
+#define floor DUMMY_floor
+#define fmod DUMMY_fmod
+#define modf DUMMY_modf
+#define sin DUMMY_sin
+#define sinh DUMMY_sinh
+#define sqrt DUMMY_sqrt
+#define tan DUMMY_tan
+#define tanh DUMMY_tanh
+#define fabsf DUMMY_fabsf
+#define fmodf DUMMY_fmodf
+#define modff DUMMY_modff
+
+/* RAND_MAX needed to be renamed to avoid duplicate definition when including 
+   stdlib.h header files. PAL_RAND_MAX should have the same value as RAND_MAX 
+   defined in pal.h  */
+#define PAL_RAND_MAX 0x7fff
+
+/* The standard headers define isspace and isxdigit as macros and functions,
+   To avoid redefinition problems, undefine those macros. */
+#ifdef isspace
+#undef isspace
+#endif
+#ifdef isxdigit
+#undef isxdigit
+#endif
+#ifdef isalpha
+#undef isalpha
+#endif
+#ifdef isalnum
+#undef isalnum
+#endif
+#define isspace DUMMY_isspace 
+#define isxdigit DUMMY_isxdigit
+#define isalpha DUMMY_isalpha
+#define isalnum DUMMY_isalnum
+
+#ifdef stdin
+#undef stdin
+#endif
+#ifdef stdout
+#undef stdout
+#endif
+#ifdef stderr
+#undef stderr
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SCHAR_MIN
+#undef SCHAR_MIN
+#endif
+#ifdef SCHAR_MAX
+#undef SCHAR_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef SHRT_MIN
+#undef SHRT_MIN
+#endif
+#ifdef SHRT_MAX
+#undef SHRT_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef UCHAR_MAX
+#undef UCHAR_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef USHRT_MAX
+#undef USHRT_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef ULONG_MAX
+#undef ULONG_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef LONG_MIN
+#undef LONG_MIN
+#endif
+#ifdef LONG_MAX
+#undef LONG_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef RAND_MAX
+#undef RAND_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef DBL_MAX
+#undef DBL_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef FLT_MAX
+#undef FLT_MAX
+#endif
+#ifdef __record_type_class
+#undef __record_type_class
+#endif
+#ifdef __real_type_class
+#undef __real_type_class
+#endif
+
+// The standard headers define va_start and va_end as macros,
+// To avoid redefinition problems, undefine those macros.
+#ifdef va_start
+#undef va_start
+#endif
+#ifdef va_end
+#undef va_end
+#endif
+#ifdef va_copy
+#undef va_copy
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef _VAC_
+#define wchar_16 wchar_t
+#else
+#define wchar_t wchar_16
+#endif // _VAC_
+
+#define ptrdiff_t PAL_ptrdiff_t
+#define intptr_t PAL_intptr_t
+#define uintptr_t PAL_uintptr_t
+#define timeval PAL_timeval
+#define FILE PAL_FILE
+
+#include "pal.h"
+#include "palprivate.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt.h"
+
+#ifdef _VAC_
+#undef CHAR_BIT
+#undef va_arg
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(FEATURE_PAL) && defined(_WIN64)
+#undef _BitScanForward64
+#endif 
+
+/* pal.h defines alloca(3) as a compiler builtin.
+   Redefining it to native libc will result in undefined breakage because
+   a compiler is allowed to make assumptions about the stack and frame
+   pointers. */
+
+/* Undef all functions and types previously defined so those functions and
+   types could be mapped to the C runtime and socket implementation of the 
+   native OS */
+#undef exit
+#undef atexit
+#undef div
+#undef div_t
+#if !defined(_DEBUG)
+#undef memcpy
+#endif //!defined(_DEBUG)
+#undef memcmp
+#undef memset
+#undef memmove
+#undef memchr
+#undef strlen
+#undef strnlen
+#undef stricmp
+#undef strstr
+#undef strcmp
+#undef strcat
+#undef strcspn
+#undef strncat
+#undef strcpy
+#undef strncmp
+#undef strncpy
+#undef strchr
+#undef strrchr
+#undef strpbrk
+#undef strtoul
+#undef strtod
+#undef strspn
+#undef strtok
+#undef strdup
+#undef tolower
+#undef toupper
+#undef islower
+#undef isupper
+#undef isprint
+#undef isdigit
+#undef isspace
+#undef iswdigit
+#undef iswxdigit
+#undef iswalpha
+#undef iswprint
+#undef isxdigit
+#undef isalpha
+#undef isalnum
+#undef atoi
+#undef atol
+#undef atof
+#undef malloc
+#undef realloc
+#undef free
+#undef qsort
+#undef bsearch
+#undef time
+#undef tm
+#undef localtime
+#undef mktime
+#undef FILE
+#undef fclose
+#undef setbuf
+#undef fopen
+#undef fread
+#undef feof
+#undef ferror
+#undef ftell
+#undef fflush
+#undef fwrite
+#undef fgets
+#undef fgetws
+#undef fputc
+#undef putchar
+#undef fputs
+#undef fseek
+#undef fgetpos
+#undef fsetpos
+#undef getcwd
+#undef getc
+#undef fgetc
+#undef ungetc
+#undef _flushall
+#undef setvbuf
+#undef mkstemp
+#undef rename
+#undef unlink
+#undef size_t
+#undef time_t
+#undef va_list
+#undef va_start
+#undef va_end
+#undef va_copy
+#undef stdin
+#undef stdout
+#undef stderr
+#undef abs
+#undef labs
+#undef llabs
+#undef acos
+#undef asin
+#undef atan
+#undef atan2
+#undef ceil
+#undef cos
+#undef cosh
+#undef exp
+#undef fabs
+#undef floor
+#undef fmod
+#undef log
+#undef log10
+#undef modf
+#undef pow
+#undef sin
+#undef sinh
+#undef sqrt
+#undef tan
+#undef tanh
+#undef fabsf
+#undef fmodf
+#undef modff
+#undef rand
+#undef srand
+#undef errno
+#undef getenv 
+#undef wcsspn
+#undef open
+#undef glob
+
+#undef wchar_t
+#undef ptrdiff_t
+#undef intptr_t
+#undef uintptr_t
+#undef timeval
+
+
+#undef printf
+#undef fprintf
+#undef fwprintf
+#undef vfprintf
+#undef vfwprintf
+#undef vprintf
+#undef wprintf
+#undef sprintf
+#undef swprintf
+#undef _snprintf
+#if HAVE__SNWPRINTF
+#undef _snwprintf
+#endif  /* HAVE__SNWPRINTF */
+#undef sscanf
+#undef wcstod
+#undef wcstol
+#undef wcstoul
+#undef _wcstoui64
+#undef wcscat
+#undef wcscpy
+#undef wcslen
+#undef wcsncmp
+#undef wcschr
+#undef wcsrchr
+#undef wsprintf
+#undef swscanf
+#undef wcspbrk
+#undef wcsstr
+#undef wcscmp
+#undef wcsncat
+#undef wcsncpy
+#undef wcstok
+#undef wcscspn
+#undef iswupper
+#undef iswspace
+#undef towlower
+#undef towupper
+#undef vsprintf
+#undef vswprintf
+#undef _vsnprintf
+#undef _vsnwprintf
+#undef vsnprintf
+#undef wvsnprintf
+
+#ifdef _AMD64_ 
+#undef _mm_getcsr
+#undef _mm_setcsr
+#endif // _AMD64_
+
+#undef ctime
+
+#undef SCHAR_MIN
+#undef SCHAR_MAX
+#undef UCHAR_MAX
+#undef SHRT_MIN
+#undef SHRT_MAX
+#undef USHRT_MAX
+#undef LONG_MIN
+#undef LONG_MAX
+#undef ULONG_MAX
+#undef RAND_MAX
+#undef DBL_MAX
+#undef FLT_MAX
+#undef __record_type_class
+#undef __real_type_class
+
+#if HAVE_CHAR_BIT
+#undef CHAR_BIT
+#endif
+
+// We need a sigsetjmp prototype in pal.h for the SEH macros, but we
+// can't use the "real" prototype (because we don't want to define sigjmp_buf).
+// So we must rename the "real" sigsetjmp to avoid redefinition errors.
+#define sigsetjmp REAL_sigsetjmp
+#define siglongjmp REAL_siglongjmp
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#undef sigsetjmp
+#undef siglongjmp
+
+#undef _SIZE_T_DEFINED
+#undef _WCHAR_T_DEFINED
+
+#define _DONT_USE_CTYPE_INLINE_
+#if HAVE_RUNETYPE_H
+#include <runetype.h>
+#endif
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+// Don't use C++ wrappers for stdlib.h
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/ml/libstdc++/2016-01/msg00025.html 
+#define _GLIBCXX_INCLUDE_NEXT_C_HEADERS 1
+
+#define _WITH_GETLINE
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <glob.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+
+#undef GetCurrentThread
+#include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>
+
+#include <malloc/malloc.h>
+
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+/* we don't really need this header here, but by including it we make sure
+   we'll catch any definition conflicts */
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+
+#if !HAVE_INFTIM
+#define INFTIM  -1
+#endif // !HAVE_INFTIM
+
+#if (__GNUC__ >= 4)
+#define OffsetOf(TYPE, MEMBER) __builtin_offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER)
+#else
+#define OffsetOf(s, f) (INT)(SIZE_T)&(((s*)0)->f)
+#endif /* __GNUC__ version check*/
+
+#undef assert
+#define assert (Use__ASSERTE_instead_of_assert) assert
+
+#define PROCESS_PIPE_NAME_PREFIX ".dotnet-pal-processpipe"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef enum _TimeConversionConstants
+{
+    tccSecondsToMillieSeconds       = 1000,         // 10^3
+    tccSecondsToMicroSeconds        = 1000000,      // 10^6
+    tccSecondsToNanoSeconds         = 1000000000,   // 10^9
+    tccMillieSecondsToMicroSeconds  = 1000,         // 10^3
+    tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds   = 1000000,      // 10^6
+    tccMicroSecondsToNanoSeconds    = 1000,         // 10^3
+    tccSecondsTo100NanoSeconds      = 10000000,     // 10^7
+    tccMicroSecondsTo100NanoSeconds = 10            // 10^1
+} TimeConversionConstants;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+
+/* This is duplicated in utilcode.h for CLR, with cooler type-traits */
+template <typename T>
+inline
+T* InterlockedExchangePointerT(
+    T* volatile *Target,
+    T* Value)
+{
+    return (T*)(InterlockedExchangePointer(
+        (PVOID volatile*)Target,
+        (PVOID)Value));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline
+T* InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT(
+    T* volatile *destination,
+    T* exchange,
+    T* comparand)
+{
+    return (T*)(InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(
+        (PVOID volatile*)destination,
+        (PVOID)exchange,
+        (PVOID)comparand));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* InterlockedExchangePointerT(
+    T* volatile * target,
+    int           value) // When NULL is provided as argument.
+{
+    //STATIC_ASSERT(value == 0);
+    return InterlockedExchangePointerT(target, reinterpret_cast<T*>(value));
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT(
+    T* volatile * destination,
+    int           exchange,  // When NULL is provided as argument.
+    T*            comparand)
+{
+    //STATIC_ASSERT(exchange == 0);
+    return InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT(destination, reinterpret_cast<T*>(exchange), comparand);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T* InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT(
+    T* volatile * destination,
+    T*            exchange,
+    int           comparand) // When NULL is provided as argument.
+{
+    //STATIC_ASSERT(comparand == 0);
+    return InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT(destination, exchange, reinterpret_cast<T*>(comparand));
+}
+
+#undef InterlockedExchangePointer
+#define InterlockedExchangePointer InterlockedExchangePointerT
+#undef InterlockedCompareExchangePointer
+#define InterlockedCompareExchangePointer InterlockedCompareExchangePointerT
+
+#include "volatile.h"
+
+const char StackOverflowMessage[] = "Process is terminated due to StackOverflowException.\n";
+
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_INTERNAL_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/perftrace.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/perftrace.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fec46e2330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/perftrace.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/perftrace.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for PAL Performance trace utilities.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+/*
+Overview of PAL Performance utilities
+  
+ */
+
+#ifndef _PAL_PERFTRACE_H_
+#define _PAL_PERFTRACE_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#if PAL_PERF
+#define PERF_ENTRY(x)  \
+	ULONGLONG pal_perf_start_tick = 0;\
+    PERFLogFunctionEntry( PAL_PERF_##x, &pal_perf_start_tick )
+#define PERF_EXIT(x) \
+	PERFLogFunctionExit( PAL_PERF_##x, &pal_perf_start_tick ) 
+#define PERF_ENTRY_ONLY(x)  \
+	PERFNoLatencyProfileEntry( PAL_PERF_##x )
+
+BOOL PERFInitialize(LPWSTR command_line, LPWSTR exe_path) ;
+void PERFTerminate( );
+BOOL PERFAllocThreadInfo( ); 
+void PERFLogFunctionExit(unsigned int pal_api_id, ULONGLONG *pal_perf_start_tick);
+void PERFLogFunctionEntry(unsigned int pal_api_id, ULONGLONG *pal_perf_start_tick);
+void PERFEnableThreadProfile(BOOL isInternal);
+void PERFDisableThreadProfile(BOOL isInternal);
+void PERFEnableProcessProfile( );  
+void PERFDisableProcessProfile( ); 
+BOOL PERFIsProcessProfileEnabled( );
+void PERFNoLatencyProfileEntry(unsigned int pal_api_id );
+void PERFCalibrate(const char* msg);
+
+#else  /* PAL_PERF */
+
+#define PERF_ENTRY(x) 
+#define PERF_ENTRY_ONLY(x) 
+#define PERF_EXIT(x)  
+
+#endif /* PAL_PERF */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_PERFTRACE_H_ */
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/printfcpp.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/printfcpp.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0a728c9fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/printfcpp.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    pal/printfcpp.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Declarations for suspension safe memory allocation functions
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PRINTFCPP_HPP
+#define _PRINTFCPP_HPP
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#include "pal/threadinfo.hpp"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+typedef char16_t wchar_16; // __wchar_16_cpp (which is defined in palinternal.h) needs to be redefined to wchar_16.
+
+extern "C"
+{                               
+    int 
+    __cdecl
+    PAL__vsnprintf(
+        LPSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+    
+    int 
+    __cdecl    
+    PAL__wvsnprintf(
+        LPWSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCWSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int 
+    __cdecl 
+    PAL_vfprintf(
+        PAL_FILE *stream, 
+        const char *format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int
+    __cdecl
+    PAL_vfwprintf(
+        PAL_FILE *stream,
+        const wchar_16 *format,
+        va_list ap);  
+} 
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    int 
+    InternalVfprintf(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent, 
+        PAL_FILE *stream, 
+        const char *format, 
+        va_list ap);
+    	
+    int 
+    InternalWvsnprintf(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent, 
+        LPWSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCWSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int 
+    InternalVsnprintf(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent, 
+        LPSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int
+    InternalVfwprintf(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        PAL_FILE *stream,
+        const wchar_16 *format,
+        va_list ap); 
+    
+}
+#else // __cplusplus
+
+    int
+    __cdecl
+    PAL__vsnprintf(
+        LPSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int
+    __cdecl
+    PAL__wvsnprintf(
+        LPWSTR Buffer, 
+        size_t Count, 
+        LPCWSTR Format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int 
+    __cdecl 
+    PAL_vfprintf(
+        PAL_FILE *stream, 
+        const char *format, 
+        va_list ap);
+
+    int
+    __cdecl
+    PAL_vfwprintf(
+        PAL_FILE *stream,
+        const wchar_16 *format,
+        va_list ap);     
+
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif // _PRINTFCPP_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/process.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/process.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..990aec5b21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/process.h
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/process.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Miscellaneous process related functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_PROCESS_H_
+#define _PAL_PROCESS_H_
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/* thread ID of thread that has initiated an ExitProcess (or TerminateProcess). 
+   this is to make sure only one thread cleans up the PAL, and also to prevent 
+   calls to CreateThread from succeeding once shutdown has started 
+   [defined in process.c]
+*/
+extern Volatile<LONG> terminator;
+
+// The process and session ID of this process, so we can avoid excessive calls to getpid() and getsid().
+extern DWORD gPID;
+extern DWORD gSID;
+
+extern LPWSTR pAppDir;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle
+
+Abstract
+  Return the process ID from a process handle
+--*/
+DWORD PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(HANDLE hProcess);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCCreateInitialProcess
+
+Abstract
+  Initialize all the structures for the initial process.
+
+Parameter
+  lpwstrCmdLine:   Command line.
+  lpwstrFullPath : Full path to executable
+
+Return
+  TRUE: if successful
+  FALSE: otherwise
+
+Notes :
+    This function takes ownership of lpwstrCmdLine, but not of lpwstrFullPath
+--*/
+BOOL PROCCreateInitialProcess(LPWSTR lpwstrCmdLine, LPWSTR lpwstrFullPath);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCCleanupInitialProcess
+
+Abstract
+  Cleanup all the structures for the initial process.
+
+Parameter
+  VOID
+
+Return
+  VOID
+
+--*/
+VOID PROCCleanupInitialProcess(VOID);
+
+#if USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCCleanupThreadSemIds(VOID);
+
+Abstract
+  Cleanup SysV semaphore ids for all threads.
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+VOID PROCCleanupThreadSemIds(VOID);
+#endif
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCProcessLock
+
+Abstract
+  Enter the critical section associated to the current process
+--*/
+VOID PROCProcessLock(VOID);
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCProcessUnlock
+
+Abstract
+  Leave the critical section associated to the current process
+--*/
+VOID PROCProcessUnlock(VOID);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCAbort()
+
+  Aborts the process after calling the shutdown cleanup handler. This function
+  should be called instead of calling abort() directly.
+  
+  Does not return
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN 
+void PROCAbort();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCNotifyProcessShutdown
+  
+  Calls the abort handler to do any shutdown cleanup. Call be
+  called from the unhandled native exception handler.
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeFlushProcessWriteBuffers
+
+Abstract
+  This function initializes data structures needed for the FlushProcessWriteBuffers
+Return
+  TRUE if it succeeded, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL InitializeFlushProcessWriteBuffers();
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif //PAL_PROCESS_H_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/procobj.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/procobj.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a75c764246
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/procobj.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/procobj.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for process structures
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_PROCOBJ_HPP_
+#define _PAL_PROCOBJ_HPP_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otProcess;
+
+    typedef enum
+    {
+        PS_IDLE,
+        PS_STARTING,
+        PS_RUNNING,
+        PS_DONE
+    } PROCESS_STATE;
+
+    //
+    // Struct for process module list (EnumProcessModules)
+    //
+    struct ProcessModules
+    {
+        ProcessModules *Next;
+        PVOID BaseAddress;
+        CHAR Name[0];
+    };
+
+    //
+    // Ideally dwProcessId would be part of the process object's immutable
+    // data. Doing so, though, creates complications in CreateProcess. The
+    // contents of the immutable data for a new object must be set before
+    // that object is registered with the object manager (as the object
+    // manager may make a copy of the immutable data). The PID for a new
+    // process, though, is not known until after creation. Registering the
+    // process object after process creation creates an undesirable error path
+    // -- if we are not able to register the process object (say, because of
+    // a low resource condition) we would be forced to return an error to
+    // the caller of CreateProcess, even though the new process was actually
+    // created...
+    //
+    // Note: we could work around this by effectively always going down
+    // the create suspended path. That is, the new process would not exec until
+    // the parent process released it. It's unclear how much benefit this would
+    // provide us.
+    //
+
+    class CProcProcessLocalData
+    {
+    public:
+        CProcProcessLocalData() 
+            : 
+            dwProcessId(0), 
+            ps(PS_IDLE),
+            dwExitCode(0), 
+            lAttachCount(0),
+            pProcessModules(NULL),
+            cProcessModules(0)
+        {
+        };
+
+        ~CProcProcessLocalData();
+        
+        DWORD dwProcessId;
+        PROCESS_STATE ps;
+        DWORD dwExitCode;
+        LONG lAttachCount;
+        ProcessModules *pProcessModules;
+        DWORD cProcessModules;
+    };
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateProcess(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPCWSTR lpApplicationName,
+        LPWSTR lpCommandLine,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+        BOOL bInheritHandles,
+        DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+        LPVOID lpEnvironment,
+        LPCWSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
+        LPSTARTUPINFOW lpStartupInfo,
+        LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InitializeProcessData(
+        void
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InitializeProcessCommandLine(
+        LPWSTR lpwstrCmdLine,
+        LPWSTR lpwstrFullPath
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjects(
+        CPalThread *pThread
+        );
+
+    extern IPalObject *g_pobjProcess;
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_PROCOBJ_HPP_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/seh.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/seh.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ac93d655a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/seh.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/seh.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for public Structured Exception Handling stuff
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SEH_HPP_
+#define _PAL_SEH_HPP_
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+
+// Uncomment this define to turn off the signal handling thread.
+// #define DO_NOT_USE_SIGNAL_HANDLING_THREAD
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHInitialize
+
+    Initialize all SEH-related stuff (signals, etc)
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+    flags : PAL initialize flags
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE  if SEH support initialization succeeded,
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL 
+SEHInitialize(CorUnix::CPalThread *pthrCurrent, DWORD flags);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHCleanup
+
+    Clean up SEH-related stuff(signals, etc)
+
+Parameters:
+    None
+
+    (no return value)
+--*/
+VOID 
+SEHCleanup();
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    SEHProcessException
+
+    Send the PAL exception to any handler registered.
+
+Parameters:
+    PAL_SEHException* exception
+
+Return value:
+    Returns TRUE if the exception happened in managed code and the execution should 
+    continue (with possibly modified context).
+    Returns FALSE if the exception happened in managed code and it was not handled.
+    In case the exception was handled by calling a catch handler, it doesn't return at all.
+--*/
+BOOL 
+SEHProcessException(PAL_SEHException* exception);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    AllocateExceptionRecords
+
+Parameters:
+    exceptionRecord - output pointer to the allocated Windows exception record
+    contextRecord - output pointer to the allocated Windows context record
+--*/
+VOID
+AllocateExceptionRecords(EXCEPTION_RECORD** exceptionRecord, CONTEXT** contextRecord);
+
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+// TODO: Implement for Mach exceptions.  Not in CoreCLR surface area.
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHHandleControlEvent
+
+    handle Control-C and Control-Break events (call handler routines, 
+    notify debugger)
+
+Parameters :
+    DWORD event : event that occurred
+    LPVOID eip  : instruction pointer when exception occurred                                 
+
+(no return value)
+
+Notes :
+    Handlers are called on a last-installed, first called basis, until a 
+    handler returns TRUE. If no handler returns TRUE (or no hanlder is 
+    installed), the default behavior is to call ExitProcess
+--*/
+void SEHHandleControlEvent(DWORD event, LPVOID eip);
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHSetSafeState
+
+    specify whether the current thread is in a state where exception handling 
+    of signals can be done safely
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+    BOOL state : TRUE if the thread is safe, FALSE otherwise
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void SEHSetSafeState(CorUnix::CPalThread *pthrCurrent, BOOL state);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHGetSafeState
+
+    determine whether the current thread is in a state where exception handling 
+    of signals can be done safely
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if the thread is in a safe state, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL SEHGetSafeState(CorUnix::CPalThread *pthrCurrent);
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+extern "C"
+{
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHEnable
+
+    Enable SEH-related stuff on this thread
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+
+Return value :
+    ERROR_SUCCESS, if enabling succeeded
+    an error code, otherwise
+--*/
+CorUnix::PAL_ERROR SEHEnable(CorUnix::CPalThread *pthrCurrent);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SEHDisable
+
+    Disable SEH-related stuff on this thread
+
+Parameters:
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent : reference to the current thread.
+
+Return value :
+    ERROR_SUCCESS, if enabling succeeded
+    an error code, otherwise
+--*/
+CorUnix::PAL_ERROR SEHDisable(CorUnix::CPalThread *pthrCurrent);
+
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+}
+
+#endif /* _PAL_SEH_HPP_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/semaphore.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/semaphore.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2943d61c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/semaphore.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    semaphore.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Semaphore object structure definition.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SEMAPHORE_H_
+#define _PAL_SEMAPHORE_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    extern CObjectType otSemaphore;
+
+    typedef struct
+    {
+        LONG lMaximumCount;
+    } SemaphoreImmutableData;
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateSemaphore(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        LONG lInitialCount,
+        LONG lMaximumCount,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phSemaphore
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalReleaseSemaphore(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hSemaphore,
+        LONG lReleaseCount,
+        LPLONG lpPreviousCount
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalOpenSemaphore(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        LPCWSTR lpName,
+        HANDLE *phSemaphore
+        );
+        
+}
+
+#endif //_PAL_SEMAPHORE_H_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..45cc4b2c8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_H_
+#define _PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+#ifndef static_assert_no_msg
+#define static_assert_no_msg( cond ) static_assert( cond, #cond )
+#endif // !static_assert_no_msg
+
+#ifndef _countof
+#define _countof(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]))
+#endif // !_countof
+
+// - Global shared memory files go in:
+//     /tmp/.dotnet/shm/global/<fileName>
+// - Session-scoped shared memory files go in:
+//     /tmp/.dotnet/shm/session<sessionId>/<fileName>
+// - Lock files associated with global shared memory files go in:
+//     /tmp/.dotnet/lockfiles/global/<fileName>
+// - Lock files associated with session-scoped shared memory files go in:
+//     /tmp/.dotnet/lockfiles/session<sessionId>/<fileName>
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_NAME_CHAR_COUNT (_MAX_FNAME - 1)
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_NAME_CHAR_COUNT (_countof("Global\\") - 1 + SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_NAME_CHAR_COUNT)
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_TEMP_DIRECTORY_PATH "/tmp"
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_RUNTIME_TEMP_DIRECTORY_PATH "/tmp/.dotnet"
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH "/tmp/.dotnet/shm"
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_LOCK_FILES_DIRECTORY_PATH "/tmp/.dotnet/lockfiles"
+static_assert_no_msg(_countof(SHARED_MEMORY_LOCK_FILES_DIRECTORY_PATH) >= _countof(SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH));
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY_NAME "global"
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_SESSION_DIRECTORY_NAME_PREFIX "session"
+static_assert_no_msg(_countof(SHARED_MEMORY_SESSION_DIRECTORY_NAME_PREFIX) >= _countof(SHARED_MEMORY_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY_NAME));
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_UNIQUE_TEMP_NAME_TEMPLATE "/tmp/.coreclr.XXXXXX"
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_SESSION_ID_CHAR_COUNT (10)
+
+#define SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT \
+    ( \
+        _countof(SHARED_MEMORY_LOCK_FILES_DIRECTORY_PATH) - 1 + \
+        1 /* path separator */ + \
+        _countof(SHARED_MEMORY_SESSION_DIRECTORY_NAME_PREFIX) - 1 + \
+        SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_SESSION_ID_CHAR_COUNT + \
+        1 /* path separator */ + \
+        SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_NAME_CHAR_COUNT \
+    )
+static_assert_no_msg(SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1 /* null terminator */ <= MAX_LONGPATH);
+
+class AutoFreeBuffer
+{
+private:
+    void *m_buffer;
+    bool m_cancel;
+
+public:
+    AutoFreeBuffer(void *buffer);
+    ~AutoFreeBuffer();
+
+public:
+    void Cancel();
+};
+
+enum class SharedMemoryError : DWORD
+{
+    NameEmpty = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER,
+    NameTooLong = ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE,
+    NameInvalid = ERROR_INVALID_NAME,
+    HeaderMismatch = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE,
+    OutOfMemory = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY,
+    IO = ERROR_OPEN_FAILED
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryException
+{
+private:
+    DWORD m_errorCode;
+
+public:
+    SharedMemoryException(DWORD errorCode);
+    DWORD GetErrorCode() const;
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryHelpers
+{
+private:
+    static const mode_t PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWrite;
+    static const mode_t PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute;
+public:
+    static const UINT32 InvalidProcessId;
+    static const SIZE_T InvalidThreadId;
+    static const UINT64 InvalidSharedThreadId;
+
+public:
+    static SIZE_T AlignDown(SIZE_T value, SIZE_T alignment);
+    static SIZE_T AlignUp(SIZE_T value, SIZE_T alignment);
+
+    static void *Alloc(SIZE_T byteCount);
+
+    template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount, SIZE_T SourceByteCount> static SIZE_T CopyString(char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount], SIZE_T destinationStartOffset, const char (&source)[SourceByteCount]);
+    template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount> static SIZE_T CopyString(char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount], SIZE_T destinationStartOffset, LPCSTR source, SIZE_T sourceCharCount);
+    template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount> static SIZE_T AppendUInt32String(char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount], SIZE_T destinationStartOffset, UINT32 value);
+
+    static bool EnsureDirectoryExists(const char *path, bool isGlobalLockAcquired, bool createIfNotExist = true);
+private:
+    static int Open(LPCSTR path, int flags, mode_t mode = static_cast<mode_t>(0));
+public:
+    static int OpenDirectory(LPCSTR path);
+    static int CreateOrOpenFile(LPCSTR path, bool createIfNotExist = true, bool *createdRef = nullptr);
+    static void CloseFile(int fileDescriptor);
+
+    static SIZE_T GetFileSize(int fileDescriptor);
+    static void SetFileSize(int fileDescriptor, SIZE_T byteCount);
+
+    static void *MemoryMapFile(int fileDescriptor, SIZE_T byteCount);
+
+    static bool TryAcquireFileLock(int fileDescriptor, int operation);
+    static void ReleaseFileLock(int fileDescriptor);
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryId
+{
+private:
+    LPCSTR m_name;
+    SIZE_T m_nameCharCount;
+    bool m_isSessionScope; // false indicates global scope
+
+public:
+    SharedMemoryId();
+    SharedMemoryId(LPCSTR name, SIZE_T nameCharCount, bool isSessionScope);
+    SharedMemoryId(LPCSTR name);
+
+public:
+    LPCSTR GetName() const;
+    SIZE_T GetNameCharCount() const;
+    bool IsSessionScope() const;
+    bool Equals(SharedMemoryId *other) const;
+
+public:
+    SIZE_T AppendSessionDirectoryName(char (&path)[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1], SIZE_T pathCharCount) const;
+};
+
+enum class SharedMemoryType : UINT8
+{
+    Mutex
+};
+
+class SharedMemorySharedDataHeader
+{
+private:
+    union
+    {
+        struct
+        {
+            SharedMemoryType m_type;
+            UINT8 m_version;
+        };
+        UINT64 _raw; // use the same size for the header on all archs, and align the data to a pointer
+    };
+
+public:
+    static SIZE_T DetermineTotalByteCount(SIZE_T dataByteCount);
+
+public:
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader(SharedMemoryType type, UINT8 version);
+
+public:
+    SharedMemoryType GetType() const;
+    UINT8 GetVersion() const;
+    void *GetData();
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryProcessDataBase
+{
+public:
+    virtual void Close(bool isAbruptShutdown, bool releaseSharedData)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~SharedMemoryProcessDataBase()
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader
+{
+private:
+    SIZE_T m_refCount;
+    SharedMemoryId m_id;
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataBase *m_data;
+    int m_fileDescriptor;
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *m_sharedDataHeader;
+    SIZE_T m_sharedDataTotalByteCount;
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *m_nextInProcessDataHeaderList;
+
+public:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *CreateOrOpen(LPCSTR name, SharedMemorySharedDataHeader requiredSharedDataHeader, SIZE_T sharedDataByteCount, bool createIfNotExist, bool *createdRef);
+
+public:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *PalObject_GetProcessDataHeader(CorUnix::IPalObject *object);
+    static void PalObject_SetProcessDataHeader(CorUnix::IPalObject *object, SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader);
+    static void PalObject_Close(CorUnix::CPalThread *thread, CorUnix::IPalObject *object, bool isShuttingDown, bool cleanUpPalSharedState);
+
+private:
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryId *id, int fileDescriptor, SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *sharedDataHeader, SIZE_T sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+public:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *New(SharedMemoryId *id, int fileDescriptor, SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *sharedDataHeader, SIZE_T sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+    ~SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader();
+    void Close();
+
+public:
+    SharedMemoryId *GetId();
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataBase *GetData() const;
+    void SetData(SharedMemoryProcessDataBase *data);
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *GetSharedDataHeader() const;
+    SIZE_T GetSharedDataTotalByteCount() const;
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList() const;
+    void SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *next);
+
+public:
+    void IncRefCount();
+    void DecRefCount();
+};
+
+class SharedMemoryManager
+{
+private:
+    static CRITICAL_SECTION s_creationDeletionProcessLock;
+    static int s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor;
+
+private:
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *s_processDataHeaderListHead;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+private:
+    static SIZE_T s_creationDeletionProcessLockOwnerThreadId;
+    static SIZE_T s_creationDeletionFileLockOwnerThreadId;
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+public:
+    static void StaticInitialize();
+    static void StaticClose();
+
+public:
+    static void AcquireCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+    static void ReleaseCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+    static void AcquireCreationDeletionFileLock();
+    static void ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+public:
+    static bool IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired();
+    static bool IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired();
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+public:
+    static void AddProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader);
+    static void RemoveProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader);
+    static SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *FindProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryId *id);
+};
+
+#endif // !_PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.inl b/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..69b8704b65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/sharedmemory.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_INL_
+#define _PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_INL_
+
+#include "sharedmemory.h"
+
+#include "dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount, SIZE_T SourceByteCount>
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(
+    char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount],
+    SIZE_T destinationStartOffset,
+    const char(&source)[SourceByteCount])
+{
+    return CopyString(destination, destinationStartOffset, source, SourceByteCount - 1);
+}
+
+template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount>
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(
+    char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount],
+    SIZE_T destinationStartOffset,
+    LPCSTR source,
+    SIZE_T sourceCharCount)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(destinationStartOffset < DestinationByteCount);
+    _ASSERTE(sourceCharCount < DestinationByteCount - destinationStartOffset);
+    _ASSERTE(strlen(source) == sourceCharCount);
+
+    memcpy_s(&destination[destinationStartOffset], DestinationByteCount - destinationStartOffset, source, sourceCharCount + 1);
+    return destinationStartOffset + sourceCharCount;
+}
+
+template<SIZE_T DestinationByteCount>
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::AppendUInt32String(
+    char (&destination)[DestinationByteCount],
+    SIZE_T destinationStartOffset,
+    UINT32 value)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(destination != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(destinationStartOffset < DestinationByteCount);
+
+    int valueCharCount =
+        sprintf_s(&destination[destinationStartOffset], DestinationByteCount - destinationStartOffset, "%u", value);
+    _ASSERTE(valueCharCount > 0);
+    return destinationStartOffset + valueCharCount;
+}
+
+#endif // !_PAL_SHARED_MEMORY_INL_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/shm.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/shm.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..de1d09e636
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/shm.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/shm.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    C++ typesafe accessors for shared memory routines
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _SHM_HPP_
+#define _SHM_HPP_
+
+#include "shmemory.h"
+
+//
+// Some compilers (e.g., HPUX/IA64) warn about using NULL to initialize
+// something of type SHMPTR, since SHMPTR is defined as DWORD_PTR, which
+// isn't considered a pointer type...
+//
+
+#define SHMNULL 0
+
+#ifndef _DEBUG
+
+inline
+void *
+ShmPtrToPtrFast(SHMPTR shmptr)
+{
+    void *pv = NULL;
+    
+    if (SHMNULL != shmptr)
+    {
+        int segment = shmptr >> 24;
+
+        if (segment < shm_numsegments)
+        {
+            pv = reinterpret_cast<void*>(
+                reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(shm_segment_bases[(uint)segment].Load())
+                + (shmptr & 0x00FFFFFF)
+                );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pv = SHMPtrToPtr(shmptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return pv;
+}
+
+//
+// We could use a function template here to avoid the cast / macro
+//
+
+#define SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(type, shmptr) reinterpret_cast<type*>(ShmPtrToPtrFast((shmptr)))
+
+#else
+
+#define SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(type, shmptr) reinterpret_cast<type*>(SHMPtrToPtr((shmptr)))
+
+#endif
+
+/* Set ptr to NULL if shmPtr == 0, else set ptr to SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(type, shmptr) 
+   return FALSE if SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR returns NULL ptr from non null shmptr, 
+   TRUE otherwise */
+#define SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR_BOOL(type, ptr, shmptr) \
+    ((shmptr != 0) ? ((ptr = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(type, shmptr)) != NULL) : ((ptr = NULL) == NULL))
+
+
+
+
+#endif // _SHM_HPP_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/shmemory.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/shmemory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5ca848148c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/shmemory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/shmemory.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for interface to shared memory
+
+How to use :
+
+The SHMalloc function can be used to allocate memory in the shared memory area.
+It returns a value of type SHMPTR, which will be useable in all participating
+processes. The SHMPTR_TO_PTR macro can be used to convert a SHMPTR value into
+an address valid *only* within the current process. Do NOT store pointers in
+shared memory, since those will not be valid for other processes. If you need
+to construct linked lists or other strctures that usually use pointers, use
+SHMPTR values instead of pointers. In addition, Lock/Release functions must be
+used when manipulating data in shared memory, to ensure inter-process synchronization.
+
+Example :
+
+//a simple linked list type
+typedef struct
+{
+int count;
+SHMPTR string;
+SHMPTR next;
+}SHMLIST;
+
+// Allocate a new list item
+SHMPTR new_item = SHMalloc(sizeof(SHMLIST));
+
+// get a pointer to it
+SHMLIST *item_ptr = (SHMLIST *)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(new_item);
+
+// Allocate memory for the "string" member, initialize it
+item_ptr->string = SHMalloc(strlen("string"));
+LPSTR str_ptr = (LPSTR)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(item_ptr->string);
+strcpy(str_ptr, "string");
+
+//Take the shared memory lock to prevent anyone from modifying the linked list
+SHMLock();
+
+//get the list's head from somewhere
+SHMPTR list_head = get_list_head();
+
+//link the list to our new item
+item_ptr->next = list_head
+
+//get a pointer to the list head's structure
+SHMLIST *head_ptr = (SHMLIST *)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(list_head);
+
+//set the new item's count value based on the head's count value
+item_ptr->count = head_ptr->count + 1;
+
+//save the new item as the new head of the list
+set_list_head(new_item);
+
+//We're done modifying the list, release the lock
+SHMRelease
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHMEMORY_H_
+#define _PAL_SHMEMORY_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*
+Type for shared memory blocks. use SHMPTR_TO_PTR to get a useable address.
+ */
+typedef DWORD_PTR SHMPTR;
+
+#define MAX_SEGMENTS 256
+
+
+typedef enum {
+    SIID_PROCESS_INFO,/* pointers to PROCESS structures? */
+    SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS,
+    SIID_FILE_LOCKS,
+
+    SIID_LAST
+} SHM_INFO_ID;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    SHM_NAMED_MAPPINGS,      /* structs with map name, file name & flags? */
+    SHM_NAMED_EVENTS,        /* structs with event names & ThreadWaitingList struct? */
+    SHM_NAMED_MUTEXS,        /* structs with mutext names, and ThreadWaitingList struct */
+
+    SHM_NAMED_LAST
+} SHM_NAMED_OBJECTS_ID;
+
+typedef struct _SMNO
+{
+    SHM_NAMED_OBJECTS_ID ObjectType;
+    SHMPTR ShmNext;
+    SHMPTR ShmObjectName;
+    SHMPTR ShmSelf;
+
+}SHM_NAMED_OBJECTS, * PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS;
+
+
+/*
+SHMPTR_TO_PTR
+
+Macro to convert a SHMPTR value into a valid (for this process) pointer.
+
+In debug builds, we always call the function to do full checks.
+In release builds, check if the segment is known, and if it is, do only minimal
+validation (if segment is unknown, we have to call the function)
+ */
+#if _DEBUG
+
+#define SHMPTR_TO_PTR(shmptr) \
+    SHMPtrToPtr(shmptr)
+
+#else /* !_DEBUG */
+
+extern int shm_numsegments;
+
+/* array containing the base address of each segment */
+extern Volatile<LPVOID> shm_segment_bases[MAX_SEGMENTS];
+
+#define SHMPTR_TO_PTR(shmptr)\
+    ((shmptr)?(((static_cast<int>(shmptr)>>24)<shm_numsegments)?\
+    reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(shm_segment_bases[static_cast<int>(shmptr)>>24].Load())+(static_cast<int>(shmptr)&0x00FFFFFF)):\
+    SHMPtrToPtr(shmptr)): static_cast<LPVOID>(NULL))
+
+
+#endif /* _DEBUG */
+
+/* Set ptr to NULL if shmPtr == 0, else set ptr to SHMPTR_TO_PTR(shmptr) 
+   return FALSE if SHMPTR_TO_PTR returns NULL ptr from non null shmptr, 
+   TRUE otherwise */
+#define SHMPTR_TO_PTR_BOOL(ptr, shmptr) \
+    ((shmptr != 0) ? ((ptr = SHMPTR_TO_PTR(shmptr)) != NULL) : ((ptr = NULL) == NULL))
+
+/*++
+SHMPtrToPtr
+
+Convert a SHMPTR value into a useable pointer.
+
+Unlike the macro defined above, this function performs as much validation as
+possible, and can handle cases when the SHMPTR is located in an aread of shared
+memory the process doesn't yet know about.
+--*/
+LPVOID SHMPtrToPtr(SHMPTR shmptr);
+
+/*++
+SHMInitialize
+
+Hook this process into the PAL shared memory system; initialize the shared
+memory if no other process has done it.
+--*/
+BOOL SHMInitialize(void);
+
+/*++
+SHMCleanup
+
+Release all shared memory resources held; remove ourselves from the list of
+registered processes, and remove all shared memory files if no process remains
+--*/
+void SHMCleanup(void);
+
+/*++
+SHMalloc
+
+Allocate a block of memory of the specified size
+
+Parameters :
+    size_t size : size of block required
+
+Return value :
+    A SHMPTR identifying the new block, or 0 on failure. Use SHMPtrToPtr to
+    convert a SHMPTR into a useable pointer (but remember to lock the shared
+    memory first!)
+
+Notes :
+    SHMalloc will fail if the requested size is larger than a certain maximum.
+    At the moment, the maximum is 520 bytes (MAX_PATH_FNAME*2).
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMalloc(size_t size);
+
+/*++
+SHMfree
+
+Release a block of shared memory and put it back in the shared memory pool
+
+Parameters :
+    SHMPTR shmptr : identifier of block to release
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void SHMfree(SHMPTR shmptr);
+
+/*++
+SHMLock
+
+Restrict shared memory access to the current thread of the current process
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    New lock count
+--*/
+int SHMLock(void);
+
+/*++
+SHMRelease
+
+Release a lock on shared memory taken with SHMLock.
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    New lock count
+--*/
+int SHMRelease(void);
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SHMGetInfo
+
+    Retrieve some information from shared memory
+
+Parameters :
+    SHM_INFO_ID element : identifier of element to retrieve
+
+Return value :
+    Value of specified element
+
+Notes :
+    The SHM lock should be held while manipulating shared memory
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMGetInfo(SHM_INFO_ID element);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SHMSetInfo
+
+    Place some information into shared memory
+
+Parameters :
+    SHM_INFO_ID element : identifier of element to save
+    SHMPTR value : new value of element
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if successfull, FALSE otherwise.
+
+Notes :
+    The SHM lock should be held while manipulating shared memory
+--*/
+BOOL SHMSetInfo(SHM_INFO_ID element, SHMPTR value);
+
+
+/********************** Shared memory help functions ********************/
+
+/*++
+SHMStrDup
+
+Duplicates the string in shared memory.
+
+Returns the new address as SHMPTR on success.
+Returns (SHMPTR)NULL on failure.
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMStrDup( LPCSTR string );
+
+/*++
+SHMWStrDup
+
+Duplicates the wide string in shared memory.
+
+Returns the new address as SHMPTR on success.
+Returns (SHMPTR)NULL on failure.
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMWStrDup( LPCWSTR string );
+
+
+/*++
+SHMFindNamedObjectByName
+
+Searches for an object whose name matches the name and ID passed in.
+
+Returns a SHMPTR to its location in shared memory. If no object
+matches the name, the function returns NULL and sets pbNameExists to FALSE.
+If an object matches the name but is of a different type, the function
+returns NULL and sets pbNameExists to TRUE.
+
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMFindNamedObjectByName( LPCWSTR lpName, SHM_NAMED_OBJECTS_ID oid,
+                                 BOOL *pbNameExists );
+
+/*++ 
+SHMRemoveNamedObject
+
+Removes the specified named object from the list
+
+No return.
+
+note : the caller is reponsible for releasing all associated memory
+--*/
+void SHMRemoveNamedObject( SHMPTR shmNamedObject );
+
+/*++ SHMAddNamedObject
+
+Adds the specified named object to the list.
+
+No return.
+--*/
+void SHMAddNamedObject( SHMPTR shmNewNamedObject );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_SHMEMORY_H_ */
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/stackstring.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/stackstring.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1f18d5fe03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/stackstring.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,239 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifndef __STACKSTRING_H_
+#define __STACKSTRING_H_
+
+template <SIZE_T STACKCOUNT, class T>
+class StackString
+{
+private:
+    T m_innerBuffer[STACKCOUNT + 1];
+    T * m_buffer;
+    SIZE_T m_size; // actual allocated size
+    SIZE_T m_count; // actual length of string
+
+    void NullTerminate()
+    {
+        m_buffer[m_count] = 0;
+    }
+
+    void DeleteBuffer()
+    {
+        if (m_innerBuffer != m_buffer)
+            PAL_free(m_buffer);
+
+        m_buffer = NULL;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    BOOL ReallocateBuffer(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        // count is always > STACKCOUNT here.
+        // We got so far, we will allocate a little extra
+        // to prevent frequent allocations
+#if _DEBUG
+        SIZE_T count_allocated = count;
+#else
+        SIZE_T count_allocated = count + 100;
+#endif //_DEBUG
+
+        BOOL dataOnStack =  m_buffer == m_innerBuffer;
+        if( dataOnStack )
+        {
+            m_buffer = NULL;
+        }
+
+        T * newBuffer = (T *)PAL_realloc(m_buffer, (count_allocated + 1) * sizeof(T));
+        if (NULL == newBuffer)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+
+            DeleteBuffer();
+            m_count = 0;
+            m_buffer = m_innerBuffer;
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        if( dataOnStack)
+        {
+            CopyMemory(newBuffer, m_innerBuffer, (m_count + 1) * sizeof(T));
+        }
+
+        m_buffer = newBuffer;
+        m_count = count;
+        m_size = count_allocated + 1;
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    BOOL HasAvailableMemory(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        return (count < m_size);
+    }
+
+    //NOTE: Always call this before modifying the underlying buffer
+    BOOL Resize(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+
+        if (NULL == m_buffer)
+        {
+            m_buffer = m_innerBuffer;
+        }
+        
+        if (HasAvailableMemory(count))
+        {
+            m_count = count;
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            if (count > STACKCOUNT)
+            {
+                return ReallocateBuffer(count);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_count = count;
+                m_size = STACKCOUNT+1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    StackString(const StackString &s)
+    {
+        Set(s);
+    }
+
+public:
+    StackString()
+        : m_buffer(m_innerBuffer), m_size(0), m_count(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+
+    BOOL Set(const T * buffer, SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        if (!Resize(count))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        CopyMemory(m_buffer, buffer, (count + 1) * sizeof(T));
+        NullTerminate();
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    BOOL Set(const StackString &s)
+    {
+        return Set(s.m_buffer, s.m_count);
+    }
+
+    SIZE_T GetCount() const
+    {
+        return m_count;
+    }
+    
+    SIZE_T GetSizeOf() const
+    {
+        return m_size * sizeof(T);
+    }
+
+    CONST T * GetString() const
+    {
+        return (const T *)m_buffer;
+    }
+
+    operator const T * () const {  return GetString(); }
+
+    //Always preserves the existing content
+    T * OpenStringBuffer(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        T * result = NULL;
+        if (Resize(count))
+        {
+            result = (T *)m_buffer;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    //count should not include the terminating null
+    void CloseBuffer(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        if (m_count > count)
+            m_count = count;
+
+        NullTerminate();
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    //Call this with the best estimate if you want to
+    //prevent possible reallocations on further operations 
+    BOOL Reserve(SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        SIZE_T endpos = m_count;
+        
+        if (!Resize(count))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        m_count = endpos;
+        NullTerminate();
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    //count Should not include the terminating null
+    BOOL Append(const T * buffer, SIZE_T count)
+    {
+        SIZE_T endpos = m_count;
+        if (!Resize(m_count + count))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        CopyMemory(&m_buffer[endpos], buffer, (count + 1) * sizeof(T));
+        NullTerminate();
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    BOOL Append(const StackString &s)
+    {
+        return Append(s.GetString(), s.GetCount());
+    }
+   
+   BOOL IsEmpty()
+   {
+       return 0 == m_buffer[0];
+   }
+
+   void Clear()
+   {
+       m_count = 0;
+       NullTerminate();
+   }
+   ~StackString()
+   {
+       DeleteBuffer();
+   }
+};
+
+#if _DEBUG
+typedef StackString<32, CHAR> PathCharString;
+typedef StackString<32, WCHAR> PathWCharString; 
+#else
+typedef StackString<260, CHAR> PathCharString;
+typedef StackString<260, WCHAR> PathWCharString; 
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Some Helper Definitions
+BOOL 
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryW(
+        PathWCharString& lpDirectoryName);
+BOOL 
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryA(
+        PathCharString& lpDirectoryName);
+DWORD
+GetCurrentDirectoryA(
+         PathCharString& lpBuffer);
+void 
+FILEDosToUnixPathA(
+        PathCharString& lpPath);
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchcache.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchcache.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c172842292
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchcache.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/synchcache.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Simple look-aside cache for unused objects with default 
+    constructor or no constructor
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _SYNCH_CACHE_H_
+#define _SYNCH_CACHE_H_
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{    
+    template <typename T> class CSynchCache
+    {
+        typedef union _USynchCacheStackNode
+        {
+            union _USynchCacheStackNode * next;
+            BYTE objraw[sizeof(T)];
+        } USynchCacheStackNode;    
+
+        static const int MaxDepth = 256;
+                
+        Volatile<USynchCacheStackNode*> m_pHead;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
+        Volatile<int> m_iDepth;
+        int m_iMaxDepth;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        int m_iMaxTrackedDepth;
+#endif
+
+        void Lock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+            { InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &m_cs); }
+        void Unlock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+            { InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &m_cs); }
+        
+     public:    
+        CSynchCache(int iMaxDepth = MaxDepth) :             
+            m_pHead(NULL),
+            m_iDepth(0),
+            m_iMaxDepth(iMaxDepth)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            ,m_iMaxTrackedDepth(0)
+#endif
+        { 
+            InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
+            if (m_iMaxDepth < 0)
+            {
+                m_iMaxDepth = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ~CSynchCache()
+        {        
+            Flush(NULL, true);
+            InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs); 
+        }
+           
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        int GetMaxTrackedDepth() { return m_iMaxTrackedDepth; }
+#endif
+
+        T * Get(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        {          
+            T * pObj = NULL;
+
+            Get(pthrCurrent, 1, &pObj);
+            return pObj;
+        }
+
+        int Get(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, int n, T ** ppObjs)
+        {
+            void * pvObjRaw;
+            USynchCacheStackNode * pNode;
+            int i = 0,j;
+
+            Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            pNode = m_pHead;
+            while (pNode && i < n)
+            {
+                ppObjs[i] = (T *)pNode;
+                pNode = pNode->next;
+                i++;
+            }
+            m_pHead = pNode;
+            m_iDepth -= i;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            if (NULL == m_pHead && m_iDepth != 0)
+            {
+                // Can't use ASSERT here, since this is header
+                // is included by other headers with inline methods
+                // which causes template instatiation in the header
+                // where the DEBUG CHANNEL is not defined and cannot
+                // be defined
+                fprintf(stderr,"SYNCCACHE: Invalid cache depth value");
+                DebugBreak();
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+            Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+
+            for (j=i;j<n;j++)
+            {
+                pvObjRaw = (void *) InternalNew<USynchCacheStackNode>();
+                if (NULL == pvObjRaw)
+                    break;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                memset(pvObjRaw, 0, sizeof(USynchCacheStackNode));
+#endif
+                ppObjs[j] = reinterpret_cast<T*>(pvObjRaw);
+            }
+
+            for (i=0;i<j;i++)
+            {
+                new ((void *)ppObjs[i]) T;
+            }
+
+            return j;
+        }
+
+        void Add(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, T * pobj)
+        {
+            USynchCacheStackNode * pNode = reinterpret_cast<USynchCacheStackNode *>(pobj);
+
+            if (NULL == pobj)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            pobj->~T();
+            
+            Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            if (m_iDepth < m_iMaxDepth)
+            {
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                if (m_iDepth > m_iMaxTrackedDepth)
+                {
+                    m_iMaxTrackedDepth = m_iDepth;
+                }
+#endif
+                pNode->next = m_pHead;
+                m_pHead = pNode;
+                m_iDepth++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                InternalDelete((char *)pNode);
+            }
+            Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        void Flush(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, bool fDontLock = false)
+        {
+            USynchCacheStackNode * pNode, * pTemp;
+
+            if (!fDontLock)
+            {
+                Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            }
+            pNode = m_pHead;
+            m_pHead = NULL;
+            m_iDepth = 0;
+            if (!fDontLock)
+            {
+                Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+            }
+
+            while (pNode)
+            {
+                pTemp = pNode;
+                pNode = pNode->next;
+                InternalDelete((char *)pTemp);
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename T> class CSHRSynchCache
+    {
+        union _USHRSynchCacheStackNode; // fwd declaration
+        typedef struct _SHRCachePTRs
+        {
+            union _USHRSynchCacheStackNode * pNext;
+            SharedID shrid;
+        } SHRCachePTRs;        
+        typedef union _USHRSynchCacheStackNode
+        {
+            SHRCachePTRs  pointers;
+            BYTE objraw[sizeof(T)];
+        } USHRSynchCacheStackNode;    
+
+        static const int MaxDepth       = 256;
+        static const int PreAllocFactor = 10; // Everytime a Get finds no available 
+                                              // cached raw intances, it preallocates  
+                                              // MaxDepth/PreAllocFactor new raw 
+                                              // instances and store them into the 
+                                              // cache before continuing
+        
+        Volatile<USHRSynchCacheStackNode*> m_pHead;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
+        Volatile<int> m_iDepth;
+        int m_iMaxDepth;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        int m_iMaxTrackedDepth;
+#endif
+
+        void Lock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+            { InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &m_cs); }
+        void Unlock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+            { InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &m_cs); }
+        
+     public:    
+        CSHRSynchCache(int iMaxDepth = MaxDepth) : 
+            m_pHead(NULL),
+            m_iDepth(0),
+            m_iMaxDepth(iMaxDepth)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            ,m_iMaxTrackedDepth(0)
+#endif
+        { 
+            InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
+            if (m_iMaxDepth < 0)
+            {
+                m_iMaxDepth = 0;
+            }            
+        }
+
+        ~CSHRSynchCache()
+        {        
+            Flush(NULL, true);
+            InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs); 
+        }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        int GetMaxTrackedDepth() { return m_iMaxTrackedDepth; }
+#endif
+
+        SharedID Get(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        {
+            SharedID shridObj = NULLSharedID;
+
+            Get(pthrCurrent, 1, &shridObj);
+            return shridObj;
+        }
+
+        int Get(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, int n, SharedID * shridpObjs)
+        {
+            SharedID shridObj;
+            void * pvObjRaw = NULL;
+            USHRSynchCacheStackNode * pNode;
+            int i = 0, j, k;
+
+            Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            pNode = m_pHead;
+            while (pNode && i < n)
+            {            
+                shridpObjs[i] = pNode->pointers.shrid;
+                pvObjRaw = (void *)pNode;
+                pNode = pNode->pointers.pNext;
+                i++;
+            }
+            m_pHead = pNode;
+            m_iDepth -= i;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            if (NULL == m_pHead && m_iDepth != 0)
+            {
+                    // Can't use ASSERT here, since this is header
+                    // (see comment above)
+                    fprintf(stderr,"SYNCCACHE: Invalid cache depth value");
+                    DebugBreak();
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+            if (0 == m_iDepth)
+            {
+                for (k=0; k<m_iMaxDepth/PreAllocFactor-n+i; k++)
+                {
+                    shridObj = RawSharedObjectAlloc(sizeof(USHRSynchCacheStackNode), DefaultSharedPool);
+                    if (NULLSharedID == shridObj)
+                    {
+                        Flush(pthrCurrent, true);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    pNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(USHRSynchCacheStackNode, shridObj);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                    memset(reinterpret_cast<void*>(pNode), 0, sizeof(USHRSynchCacheStackNode));
+#endif
+                    pNode->pointers.shrid = shridObj;
+                    pNode->pointers.pNext = m_pHead;
+                    m_pHead = pNode;
+                    m_iDepth++;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Unlock(pthrCurrent);       
+
+            for (j=i;j<n;j++)
+            {
+                shridObj = RawSharedObjectAlloc(sizeof(USHRSynchCacheStackNode), DefaultSharedPool);
+                if (NULLSharedID == shridObj)
+                    break;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                pvObjRaw = SharedIDToPointer(shridObj);                
+                memset(pvObjRaw, 0, sizeof(USHRSynchCacheStackNode));                
+#endif
+                shridpObjs[j] = shridObj;
+            }
+            
+            for (i=0;i<j;i++)
+            {           
+                pvObjRaw = SharedIDToPointer(shridpObjs[i]);                
+                new (pvObjRaw) T;            
+            }
+            
+            return j;
+        }
+
+        void Add(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, SharedID shridObj)
+        {
+            if (NULLSharedID == shridObj)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            USHRSynchCacheStackNode * pNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(USHRSynchCacheStackNode, shridObj);
+            T * pObj = reinterpret_cast<T *>(pNode);
+
+            pObj->~T();
+            
+            pNode->pointers.shrid = shridObj;
+            
+            Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            if (m_iDepth < m_iMaxDepth)
+            {
+                m_iDepth++;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                if (m_iDepth > m_iMaxTrackedDepth)
+                {
+                    m_iMaxTrackedDepth = m_iDepth;
+                }
+#endif
+                pNode->pointers.pNext = m_pHead;
+                m_pHead = pNode;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                RawSharedObjectFree(shridObj);
+            }
+            Unlock(pthrCurrent);       
+        }
+
+        void Flush(CPalThread * pthrCurrent, bool fDontLock = false)
+        {
+            USHRSynchCacheStackNode * pNode, * pTemp;
+            SharedID shridTemp;
+
+            if (!fDontLock)
+            {
+                Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            }
+            pNode = m_pHead;
+            m_pHead = NULL;
+            m_iDepth = 0;
+            if (!fDontLock)
+            {
+                Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+            }
+            
+            while (pNode)
+            {
+                pTemp = pNode;
+                pNode = pNode->pointers.pNext;
+                shridTemp = pTemp->pointers.shrid;
+                RawSharedObjectFree(shridTemp);
+            } 
+        }    
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _SYNCH_CACHE_H_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchobjects.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchobjects.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..aa3a8f1aa6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/synchobjects.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/synchobjects.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for synchronization manager and controllers
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _SINCHOBJECTS_HPP_
+#define _SINCHOBJECTS_HPP_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "threadinfo.hpp"
+#include "mutex.hpp"
+#include "shm.hpp"
+#include "list.h"
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#define SharedID SHMPTR
+#define SharedPoolId ULONG_PTR
+#define DefaultSharedPool ((ULONG_PTR)0)
+#define NULLSharedID ((SHMPTR)NULL)
+#define SharedIDToPointer(shID) SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(PVOID, shID)
+#define SharedIDToTypePointer(TYPE,shID) SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(TYPE, shID)
+#define RawSharedObjectAlloc(szSize, shPoolId) SHMalloc(szSize)
+#define RawSharedObjectFree(shID) SHMfree(shID)
+    
+namespace CorUnix
+{   
+    DWORD InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        DWORD nCount,
+        CONST HANDLE *lpHandles,
+        BOOL bWaitAll,
+        DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+        BOOL bAlertable);
+    
+    PAL_ERROR InternalSleepEx(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+        BOOL bAlertable);
+        
+    enum THREAD_STATE
+    {
+        TS_IDLE,
+        TS_STARTING,
+        TS_RUNNING,
+        TS_FAILED,
+        TS_DONE,
+    };
+
+    // forward declarations
+    struct _ThreadWaitInfo;
+    struct _WaitingThreadsListNode;
+    class CSynchData;
+    
+    typedef struct _WaitingThreadsListNode * PWaitingThreadsListNode;
+    typedef struct _OwnedObjectsListNode * POwnedObjectsListNode;
+    typedef struct _ThreadApcInfoNode * PThreadApcInfoNode;
+        
+    typedef struct _ThreadWaitInfo
+    {   
+        WaitType wtWaitType;
+        WaitDomain wdWaitDomain;
+        LONG lObjCount;
+        LONG lSharedObjCount;
+        CPalThread * pthrOwner;        
+        PWaitingThreadsListNode rgpWTLNodes[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS];
+        
+        _ThreadWaitInfo() : wtWaitType(SingleObject), wdWaitDomain(LocalWait), 
+                            lObjCount(0), lSharedObjCount(0), 
+                            pthrOwner(NULL) {}
+    } ThreadWaitInfo;
+
+    typedef struct _ThreadNativeWaitData 
+    {
+        pthread_mutex_t     mutex;
+        pthread_cond_t      cond;
+        int                 iPred;
+        DWORD               dwObjectIndex;
+        ThreadWakeupReason  twrWakeupReason;
+        bool                fInitialized;
+
+        _ThreadNativeWaitData() :
+            iPred(0), 
+            dwObjectIndex(0), 
+            twrWakeupReason(WaitSucceeded), 
+            fInitialized(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~_ThreadNativeWaitData();
+    } ThreadNativeWaitData;
+
+    class CThreadSynchronizationInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+        friend class CPalSynchronizationManager;
+        friend class CSynchWaitController;
+
+        THREAD_STATE           m_tsThreadState; 
+        SharedID               m_shridWaitAwakened;
+        Volatile<LONG>         m_lLocalSynchLockCount;
+        Volatile<LONG>         m_lSharedSynchLockCount;
+        LIST_ENTRY             m_leOwnedObjsList;
+
+        CRITICAL_SECTION       m_ownedNamedMutexListLock;
+        NamedMutexProcessData *m_ownedNamedMutexListHead;
+
+        ThreadNativeWaitData   m_tnwdNativeData;
+        ThreadWaitInfo         m_twiWaitInfo;
+
+#ifdef SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        static const int       PendingSignalingsArraySize = 10;
+        LONG                   m_lPendingSignalingCount;
+        CPalThread *           m_rgpthrPendingSignalings[PendingSignalingsArraySize];
+        LIST_ENTRY             m_lePendingSignalingsOverflowList;
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+
+    public:
+
+        CThreadSynchronizationInfo();
+        virtual ~CThreadSynchronizationInfo();
+
+        //
+        // CThreadInfoInitializer methods
+        //
+        virtual PAL_ERROR InitializePreCreate(void);
+        
+        virtual PAL_ERROR InitializePostCreate(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            SIZE_T threadId,
+            DWORD dwLwpId
+            );
+
+        THREAD_STATE GetThreadState(void)
+        {
+            return m_tsThreadState;
+        };
+
+        void SetThreadState(THREAD_STATE tsThreadState)
+        {
+            m_tsThreadState = tsThreadState;
+        };
+
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * GetNativeData()
+        {
+            return &m_tnwdNativeData;
+        }
+
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        PAL_ERROR RunDeferredThreadConditionSignalings();
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+    
+        // NOTE: the following methods provide non-synchronized access to 
+        //       the list of owned objects for this thread. Any thread 
+        //       accessing this list MUST own the appropriate 
+        //       synchronization lock(s).
+        void AddObjectToOwnedList(POwnedObjectsListNode pooln);
+        void RemoveObjectFromOwnedList(POwnedObjectsListNode pooln);
+        POwnedObjectsListNode RemoveFirstObjectFromOwnedList(void);
+
+        void AddOwnedNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData);
+        void RemoveOwnedNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData);
+        NamedMutexProcessData *RemoveFirstOwnedNamedMutex();
+        bool OwnsNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData);
+
+        // The following methods provide access to the native wait lock for 
+        // those implementations that need a lock to protect the support for 
+        // native thread blocking (e.g.: pthread conditions)
+        void AcquireNativeWaitLock(void);
+        void ReleaseNativeWaitLock(void);
+        bool TryAcquireNativeWaitLock(void);
+    };
+
+    class CThreadApcInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+        friend class CPalSynchronizationManager;
+
+        PThreadApcInfoNode m_ptainHead;
+        PThreadApcInfoNode m_ptainTail;
+        
+    public:
+        CThreadApcInfo() :
+            m_ptainHead(NULL),
+            m_ptainTail(NULL)
+        {
+        }
+    };
+        
+    class CPalSynchMgrController
+    {
+    public:
+        static IPalSynchronizationManager * CreatePalSynchronizationManager();
+
+        static PAL_ERROR StartWorker(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR PrepareForShutdown(void);
+        
+        static PAL_ERROR Shutdown(CPalThread *pthrCurrent, bool fFullCleanup);
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _SINCHOBJECTS_HPP_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/thread.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/thread.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e6dacd2136
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/thread.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,838 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/thread.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for thread structures
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_THREAD_HPP_
+#define _PAL_THREAD_HPP_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+#include "shm.hpp"
+#include "cs.hpp"
+
+#include <pthread.h>    
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#include "threadsusp.hpp"
+#include "tls.hpp"
+#include "synchobjects.hpp"
+#include <errno.h>
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    enum PalThreadType
+    {
+        UserCreatedThread,
+        PalWorkerThread,
+        SignalHandlerThread
+    };
+    
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateThread(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+        DWORD dwStackSize,
+        LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
+        LPVOID lpParameter,
+        DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+        PalThreadType eThreadType,
+        LPDWORD lpThreadId,
+        HANDLE *phThread
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalGetThreadPriority(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hTargetThread,
+        int *piNewPriority
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalSetThreadPriority(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hTargetThread,
+        int iNewPriority
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        HANDLE hThread,
+        DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+        CPalThread **ppTargetThread,
+        IPalObject **ppobjThread
+        );
+
+    VOID
+    InternalEndCurrentThread(
+        CPalThread *pThread
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalCreateDummyThread(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+        CPalThread **ppDummyThread,
+        HANDLE *phThread
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InitializeGlobalThreadData(
+        void
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    CreateThreadData(
+        CPalThread **ppThread
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    CreateThreadObject(
+        CPalThread *pThread,
+        CPalThread *pNewThread,
+        HANDLE *phThread
+        );
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InitializeEndingThreadsData(
+        void
+        );
+
+    BOOL
+    GetThreadTimesInternal(
+        IN HANDLE hThread,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpUserTime);
+        
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+    // Structure used to return data about a single handler to a caller.
+    struct MachExceptionHandler
+    {
+        exception_mask_t m_mask;
+        exception_handler_t m_handler;
+        exception_behavior_t m_behavior;
+        thread_state_flavor_t m_flavor;
+    };
+
+    // Class abstracting previously registered Mach exception handlers for a thread.
+    struct CThreadMachExceptionHandlers
+    {
+    public:
+        // Maximum number of exception ports we hook.  Must be the count
+        // of all bits set in the exception masks defined in machexception.h.
+        static const int s_nPortsMax = 6;
+
+        // Saved exception ports, exactly as returned by
+        // thread_swap_exception_ports.
+        mach_msg_type_number_t m_nPorts;
+        exception_mask_t m_masks[s_nPortsMax];
+        exception_handler_t m_handlers[s_nPortsMax];
+        exception_behavior_t m_behaviors[s_nPortsMax];
+        thread_state_flavor_t m_flavors[s_nPortsMax];
+        
+        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers() : 
+            m_nPorts(-1)
+        {
+        }
+
+        // Get handler details for a given type of exception. If successful the structure pointed at by
+        // pHandler is filled in and true is returned. Otherwise false is returned.
+        bool GetHandler(exception_type_t eException, MachExceptionHandler *pHandler);
+
+    private:
+        // Look for a handler for the given exception within the given handler node. Return its index if
+        // successful or -1 otherwise.
+        int GetIndexOfHandler(exception_mask_t bmExceptionMask);
+    };
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    
+    class CThreadSEHInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+    public:
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+        BOOL safe_state;
+        int signal_code;
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONSG
+
+        CThreadSEHInfo()
+        {
+        };
+    };
+
+    /* In the windows CRT there is a constant defined for the max width
+    of a _ecvt conversion. That constant is 348. 348 for the value, plus
+    the exponent value, decimal, and sign if required. */
+#define ECVT_MAX_COUNT_SIZE 348
+#define ECVT_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE 357
+
+    /*STR_TIME_SIZE is defined as 26 the size of the
+      return val by ctime_r*/
+#define STR_TIME_SIZE 26
+
+    class CThreadCRTInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+    public:
+        CHAR *       strtokContext; // Context for strtok function
+        WCHAR *      wcstokContext; // Context for wcstok function
+        struct PAL_tm localtimeBuffer; // Buffer for localtime function
+        CHAR         ctimeBuffer[ STR_TIME_SIZE ]; // Buffer for ctime function
+        CHAR         ECVTBuffer[ ECVT_MAX_BUFFER_SIZE ]; // Buffer for _ecvt function.
+
+        CThreadCRTInfo() :
+            strtokContext(NULL),
+            wcstokContext(NULL)
+        {
+            ZeroMemory(&localtimeBuffer, sizeof(localtimeBuffer));
+            ZeroMemory(ctimeBuffer, sizeof(ctimeBuffer));
+            ZeroMemory(ECVTBuffer, sizeof(ECVTBuffer));
+        };
+    };
+
+    class CPalThread
+    {
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            CorUnix::InternalCreateThread(
+                CPalThread *,
+                LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES,
+                DWORD,
+                LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE,
+                LPVOID,
+                DWORD,
+                PalThreadType,
+                LPDWORD,
+                HANDLE*
+                );
+
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            InternalCreateDummyThread(
+                CPalThread *pThread,
+                LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+                CPalThread **ppDummyThread,
+                HANDLE *phThread
+                );
+
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            InternalSetThreadPriority(
+                CPalThread *,
+                HANDLE,
+                int
+                );
+
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            InitializeGlobalThreadData(
+                void
+                );
+
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            CreateThreadData(
+                CPalThread **ppThread
+                );
+
+        friend
+            PAL_ERROR
+            CreateThreadObject(
+                CPalThread *pThread,
+                CPalThread *pNewThread,
+                HANDLE *phThread
+                );
+
+        friend CatchHardwareExceptionHolder;
+        
+    private:
+
+        CPalThread *m_pNext;
+        DWORD m_dwExitCode;
+        BOOL m_fExitCodeSet;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_csLock;
+        bool m_fLockInitialized;
+        bool m_fIsDummy;
+
+        //
+        // Minimal reference count, used primarily for cleanup purposes. A
+        // new thread object has an initial refcount of 1. This initial
+        // reference is removed by CorUnix::InternalEndCurrentThread.
+        //
+        // The only other spot the refcount is touched is from within
+        // CPalObjectBase::ReleaseReference -- incremented before the
+        // destructors for an ojbect are called, and decremented afterwords.
+        // This permits the freeing of the thread structure to happen after
+        // the freeing of the enclosing thread object has completed.
+        //
+
+        LONG m_lRefCount;
+
+        //
+        // The IPalObject for this thread. The thread will release its reference
+        // to this object when it exits.
+        //
+
+        IPalObject *m_pThreadObject;
+
+        //
+        // Thread ID info
+        //
+
+        SIZE_T m_threadId;
+        DWORD m_dwLwpId;
+        pthread_t m_pthreadSelf;        
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+        mach_port_t m_machPortSelf;
+#endif 
+
+        // > 0 when there is an exception holder which causes h/w
+        // exceptions to be sent down the C++ exception chain.
+        int m_hardwareExceptionHolderCount;
+
+        //
+        // Start info
+        //
+
+        LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE m_lpStartAddress;
+        LPVOID m_lpStartParameter;
+        BOOL m_bCreateSuspended;
+
+        int m_iThreadPriority;
+        PalThreadType m_eThreadType;
+
+        //
+        // pthread mutex / condition variable for gating thread startup.
+        // InternalCreateThread waits on the condition variable to determine
+        // when the new thread has reached passed all failure points in
+        // the entry routine
+        //
+
+        pthread_mutex_t m_startMutex;
+        pthread_cond_t m_startCond;
+        bool m_fStartItemsInitialized;
+        bool m_fStartStatus;
+        bool m_fStartStatusSet;
+
+        // Base address of the stack of this thread
+        void* m_stackBase;
+        // Limit address of the stack of this thread
+        void* m_stackLimit;
+
+        // The default stack size of a newly created thread (currently 256KB)
+        // when the dwStackSize paramter of PAL_CreateThread()
+        // is zero. This value can be set by setting the
+        // environment variable PAL_THREAD_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE
+        // (the value should be in bytes and in hex).
+        static DWORD s_dwDefaultThreadStackSize; 
+
+        //
+        // The thread entry routine (called from InternalCreateThread)
+        //
+
+        static void* ThreadEntry(void * pvParam);
+        
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        //
+        // Data for PAL side-by-side support
+        //
+
+    private:
+        // This is set whenever this thread is currently executing within
+        // a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+        // in the process.
+        bool m_fInPal;
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+        // Record of Mach exception handlers that were already registered when we register our own CoreCLR
+        // specific handlers.
+        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers m_sMachExceptionHandlers;
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // Embedded information for areas owned by other subsystems
+        //
+
+        CThreadSynchronizationInfo synchronizationInfo;
+        CThreadSuspensionInfo suspensionInfo;
+        CThreadSEHInfo sehInfo;
+        CThreadTLSInfo tlsInfo;
+        CThreadApcInfo apcInfo;
+        CThreadCRTInfo crtInfo;
+
+        CPalThread()
+            :
+            m_pNext(NULL),
+            m_dwExitCode(STILL_ACTIVE),
+            m_fExitCodeSet(FALSE),
+            m_fLockInitialized(FALSE),
+            m_fIsDummy(FALSE),
+            m_lRefCount(1),
+            m_pThreadObject(NULL),
+            m_threadId(0),
+            m_dwLwpId(0),
+            m_pthreadSelf(0),
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+            m_machPortSelf(0),
+#endif            
+            m_hardwareExceptionHolderCount(0),
+            m_lpStartAddress(NULL),
+            m_lpStartParameter(NULL),
+            m_bCreateSuspended(FALSE),
+            m_iThreadPriority(THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL),
+            m_eThreadType(UserCreatedThread),
+            m_fStartItemsInitialized(FALSE),
+            m_fStartStatus(FALSE),
+            m_fStartStatusSet(FALSE),
+            m_stackBase(NULL),
+            m_stackLimit(NULL)
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+          , m_fInPal(TRUE)
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual ~CPalThread();
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RunPreCreateInitializers(
+            void
+            );
+
+        //
+        // m_threadId and m_dwLwpId must be set before calling
+        // RunPostCreateInitializers
+        //
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RunPostCreateInitializers(
+            void
+            );
+
+        //
+        // SetStartStatus is called by THREADEntry or InternalSuspendNewThread
+        // to inform InternalCreateThread of the results of the thread's
+        // initialization. InternalCreateThread calls WaitForStartStatus to
+        // obtain this information (and will not return to its caller until
+        // the info is available).
+        //
+
+        void
+        SetStartStatus(
+            bool fStartSucceeded
+            );
+
+        bool
+        WaitForStartStatus(
+            void
+            );
+
+        void
+        Lock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            )
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &m_csLock);
+        };
+
+        void
+        Unlock(
+            CPalThread *pThread
+            )
+        {
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &m_csLock);
+        };
+
+        //
+        // The following three methods provide access to the 
+        // native lock used to protect thread native wait data.
+        //
+
+        void
+        AcquireNativeWaitLock(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            synchronizationInfo.AcquireNativeWaitLock();
+        }
+
+        void
+        ReleaseNativeWaitLock(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            synchronizationInfo.ReleaseNativeWaitLock();
+        }
+
+        bool
+        TryAcquireNativeWaitLock(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return synchronizationInfo.TryAcquireNativeWaitLock();
+        }
+
+        static void
+        SetLastError(
+            DWORD dwLastError
+            )
+        {
+            // Reuse errno to store last error
+            errno = dwLastError;
+        };
+
+        static DWORD
+        GetLastError(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            // Reuse errno to store last error
+            return errno;
+        };
+
+        void
+        SetExitCode(
+            DWORD dwExitCode
+            )
+        {
+            m_dwExitCode = dwExitCode;
+            m_fExitCodeSet = TRUE;
+        };
+
+        BOOL
+        GetExitCode(
+            DWORD *pdwExitCode
+            )
+        {
+            *pdwExitCode = m_dwExitCode;
+            return m_fExitCodeSet;
+        };
+
+        SIZE_T
+        GetThreadId(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_threadId;
+        };
+        
+        DWORD
+        GetLwpId(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_dwLwpId;
+        };
+
+        pthread_t
+        GetPThreadSelf(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_pthreadSelf;
+        };
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+        mach_port_t
+        GetMachPortSelf(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_machPortSelf;
+        };
+#endif
+
+        bool 
+        IsHardwareExceptionsEnabled()
+        {
+            return m_hardwareExceptionHolderCount > 0;
+        }
+
+        LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE
+        GetStartAddress(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_lpStartAddress;
+        };
+
+        LPVOID
+        GetStartParameter(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_lpStartParameter;
+        };
+
+        BOOL
+        GetCreateSuspended(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_bCreateSuspended;
+        };
+
+        PalThreadType
+        GetThreadType(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_eThreadType;
+        };
+
+        int
+        GetThreadPriority(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_iThreadPriority;
+        };
+
+        IPalObject *
+        GetThreadObject(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_pThreadObject;
+        }
+
+        BOOL
+        IsDummy(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_fIsDummy;
+        };
+
+        CPalThread*
+        GetNext(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_pNext;
+        };
+
+        void
+        SetNext(
+            CPalThread *pNext
+            )
+        {
+            m_pNext = pNext;
+        };
+
+        void
+        AddThreadReference(
+            void
+            );
+
+        void
+        ReleaseThreadReference(
+            void
+            );
+
+        // Get base address of the current thread's stack
+        static
+        void *
+        GetStackBase(
+            void
+            );
+
+        // Get cached base address of this thread's stack
+        // Can be called only for the current thread.
+        void *
+        GetCachedStackBase(
+            void
+            );
+
+        // Get limit address of the current thread's stack
+        static
+        void *
+        GetStackLimit(
+            void
+            );
+
+        // Get cached limit address of this thread's stack
+        // Can be called only for the current thread.
+        void *
+        GetCachedStackLimit(
+            void
+            );
+        
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        //
+        // Functions for PAL side-by-side support
+        //
+
+        // This function needs to be called on a thread when it enters
+        // a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+        // in the process.
+        PAL_ERROR Enter(PAL_Boundary boundary);
+
+        // This function needs to be called on a thread when it leaves
+        // a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+        // in the process.
+        PAL_ERROR Leave(PAL_Boundary boundary);
+
+        // Returns TRUE whenever this thread is executing in a region
+        // of code that depends on this instance of the PAL in the process.
+        BOOL IsInPal()
+        {
+            return m_fInPal;
+        };
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+        // Hook Mach exceptions, i.e., call thread_swap_exception_ports
+        // to replace the thread's current exception ports with our own.
+        // The previously active exception ports are saved.  Called when
+        // this thread enters a region of code that depends on this PAL.
+        // Should only fail on internal errors.
+        PAL_ERROR EnableMachExceptions();
+
+        // Unhook Mach exceptions, i.e., call thread_set_exception_ports
+        // to restore the thread's exception ports with those we saved
+        // in EnableMachExceptions.  Called when this thread leaves a
+        // region of code that depends on this PAL.  Should only fail
+        // on internal errors.
+        PAL_ERROR DisableMachExceptions();
+
+        // The exception handling thread needs to be able to get at the list of handlers that installing our
+        // own handler on a thread has displaced (in case we need to forward an exception that we don't want
+        // to handle).
+        CThreadMachExceptionHandlers *GetSavedMachHandlers()
+        {
+            return &m_sMachExceptionHandlers;
+        }
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    };
+
+#if defined(FEATURE_PAL_SXS)
+    extern "C" CPalThread *CreateCurrentThreadData();
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+    inline CPalThread *GetCurrentPalThread()
+    {
+        return reinterpret_cast<CPalThread*>(pthread_getspecific(thObjKey));
+    }
+
+    inline CPalThread *InternalGetCurrentThread()
+    {
+        CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+#if defined(FEATURE_PAL_SXS)
+        if (pThread == nullptr)
+            pThread = CreateCurrentThreadData();
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        return pThread;
+    }
+
+/***
+
+    $$TODO: These are needed only to support cross-process thread duplication
+    
+    class CThreadImmutableData
+    {
+    public:
+        DWORD dwProcessId;
+    };
+
+    class CThreadSharedData
+    {
+    public:
+        DWORD dwThreadId;
+        DWORD dwExitCode;
+    };
+***/
+
+    //
+    // The process local information for a thread is just a pointer
+    // to the underlying CPalThread object.
+    //
+
+    class CThreadProcessLocalData
+    {
+    public:
+        CPalThread *pThread;
+    };
+
+    extern CObjectType otThread;
+}
+
+BOOL
+TLSInitialize(
+    void
+    );
+
+VOID
+TLSCleanup(
+    void
+    );
+
+VOID 
+WaitForEndingThreads(
+    void
+    );
+
+extern int free_threads_spinlock;
+
+extern PAL_ActivationFunction g_activationFunction;
+extern PAL_SafeActivationCheckFunction g_safeActivationCheckFunction;
+
+/*++
+Macro:
+  THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId
+
+Abstract:
+  Same as GetCurrentThreadId, but it doesn't output any traces.
+  It is useful for tracing functions to display the thread ID
+  without generating any new traces.
+
+  TODO: how does the perf of pthread_self compare to
+  InternalGetCurrentThread when we find the thread in the
+  cache?
+
+  If the perf of pthread_self is comparable to that of the stack
+  bounds based lookaside system, why aren't we using it in the
+  cache?
+
+  In order to match the thread ids that debuggers use at least for
+  linux we need to use gettid(). 
+
+--*/
+#if defined(__linux__)
+#define THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId() (SIZE_T)syscall(SYS_gettid)
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+inline SIZE_T THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId() {
+    uint64_t tid;
+    pthread_threadid_np(pthread_self(), &tid);
+    return (SIZE_T)tid;
+}
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+#include <lwp.h>
+#define THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId() (SIZE_T)_lwp_self()
+#else
+#define THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId() (SIZE_T)pthread_self()
+#endif
+
+#endif // _PAL_THREAD_HPP_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadinfo.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadinfo.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..93ba0ababd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadinfo.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/threadinfo.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for thread info initialzer
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_THREADINFO_H_
+#define _PAL_THREADINFO_H_
+
+#include "corunix.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    //
+    // There are a number of different functional areas for which we need to
+    // store per-thread data:
+    // * synchronization
+    // * structure exception handling
+    // * asynchronous procedure calls
+    // * thread suspension
+    // * thread-local storage
+    // * CRT per-thread buffers
+    //
+    // For each of the above functional areas we build a class that stores
+    // the necessary data. An instance of each of these classes is embedded
+    // in the main thread class. The classes must not have any failure paths
+    // in their constructors. Each class inherits from a common parent class
+    // that exposes two virtual initialization routines (which may return an
+    // error). The first initialization routine is called after the thread
+    // object is allocated, but before the new thread is created. Any
+    // initialization that is not dependant on knowledge of the new thread's
+    // ID (and by extension need not run in the context of the new thread)
+    // should take place in the first routine. Work that must run in the
+    // context of the new thread or that must know the new thread's ID
+    // should take place in the second initialization routine.
+    //
+
+    class CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // InitializePreCreate is called before the new thread is started.
+        // Any allocations or other initializations that may fail that do
+        // not need to run in the context of the new thread (or know the
+        // new thread's ID) should take place in this routine.
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        InitializePreCreate(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        };
+
+        //
+        // InitializePostCreate is called from within the context of the
+        // new thread.
+        //
+        
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        InitializePostCreate(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            SIZE_T threadId,
+            DWORD dwLwpId
+            )
+        {
+            return NO_ERROR;
+        };
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_THREADINFO_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadsusp.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadsusp.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e1e85e265c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/threadsusp.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/threadsusp.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Declarations for thread suspension
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_THREADSUSP_HPP
+#define _PAL_THREADSUSP_HPP
+
+// Need this ifdef since this header is included by .c files so they can use the diagnostic function.
+#ifdef __cplusplus 
+
+// Note: do not include malloc.hpp from this header. The template InternalDelete
+// needs to know the layout of class CPalThread, which includes a member of type 
+// CThreadSuspensionInfo, which is defined later in this header, and it is not  
+// yet known at this point.
+// If any future change should bring this issue back, the circular dependency can 
+// be further broken by making the InternalDelete's CPalThread argument a 
+// templatized argument, so that type checking on it takes place only at 
+// instantiation time.
+#include "pal/threadinfo.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+#include "pal/mutex.hpp"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <signal.h>
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+// We have a variety of options for synchronizing thread suspensions and resumptions between the requestor and
+// target threads. Analyze the various capabilities given to us by configure and define one of three macros
+// here for simplicity:
+//  USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+//  USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+//  USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+#if HAS_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+// Favor posix semaphores.
+#define USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES 1
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_SEMAPHORE_H
+#include <sys/semaphore.h>
+#endif // HAVE_SYS_SEMAPHORE_H
+
+#elif HAS_PTHREAD_MUTEXES && HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+// Can only use the pthread solution if we're not using signals since pthread mutexes are not signal safe.
+#define USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS 1
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#elif HAS_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+
+// SYSV semaphores are our last choice since they're shared across processes so it's possible to leak them
+// on abnormal process termination.
+#define USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES 1
+
+#include <sys/sem.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#else
+#error "Don't know how to synchronize thread suspends and resumes on this platform"
+#endif // HAS_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define MAX_TRACKED_CRITSECS 8
+#endif
+
+    PAL_ERROR
+    InternalResumeThread(
+        CPalThread *pthrResumer,
+        HANDLE hTarget,
+        DWORD *pdwSuspendCount
+    );
+
+    class CThreadSuspensionInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+        private:
+            BOOL m_fPending; // TRUE if a suspension is pending on a thread (because the thread is in an unsafe region)
+            BOOL m_fSelfsusp; // TRUE if thread is self suspending and while thread is self suspended
+            BOOL m_fSuspendedForShutdown; // TRUE once the thread is suspended during PAL cleanup
+            int m_nBlockingPipe; // blocking pipe used for a process that was created suspended
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            Volatile<LONG> m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread; // number of threads that this thread has suspended; used for suspension diagnostics
+#endif
+#if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+            int m_nSpinlock; // thread's suspension spinlock, which is used to synchronize suspension and resumption attempts
+#else // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+            pthread_mutex_t m_ptmSuspmutex; // thread's suspension mutex, which is used to synchronize suspension and resumption attempts
+            BOOL m_fSuspmutexInitialized;
+#endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+            sem_t m_semSusp; // suspension semaphore
+            sem_t m_semResume; // resumption semaphore
+            BOOL m_fSemaphoresInitialized;
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+            // necessary id's and sembuf structures for SysV semaphores
+            int m_nSemsuspid; // id for the suspend semaphore
+            int m_nSemrespid; // id for the resume semaphore
+            struct sembuf m_sbSemwait; // struct representing a wait operation
+            struct sembuf m_sbSempost; // struct representing a post operation
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+            pthread_cond_t m_condSusp; // suspension condition variable
+            pthread_mutex_t m_mutexSusp; // mutex associated with the condition above
+            BOOL m_fSuspended; // set to true once the suspend has been acknowledged
+
+            pthread_cond_t m_condResume; // resumption condition variable
+            pthread_mutex_t m_mutexResume; // mutex associated with the condition above
+            BOOL m_fResumed; // set to true once the resume has been acknowledged
+
+            BOOL m_fSemaphoresInitialized;
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+            /* Most of the variables above are either accessed by a thread 
+            holding the appropriate suspension mutex(es) or are only
+            accessed by their own threads (and thus don't require
+            synchronization). 
+            
+            m_fPending, m_fSuspendedForShutdown,
+            m_fSuspendSignalSent, and m_fResumeSignalSent 
+            may be set by a different thread than the owner and thus
+            require synchronization.
+
+            m_fSelfsusp is set to TRUE only by its own thread but may be later 
+            accessed by other threads. 
+
+            m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread is accessed by its owning 
+            thread and therefore does not require synchronization. */
+            
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            VOID
+            IncrNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread(
+                )
+            {
+                InterlockedIncrement(&m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread);
+            };
+
+            VOID
+            DecrNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread(
+                )
+            {
+                InterlockedDecrement(&m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread);
+            };
+#endif
+
+            VOID
+            AcquireSuspensionLocks(
+                CPalThread *pthrSuspender,
+                CPalThread *pthrTarget
+            );
+
+            VOID
+            ReleaseSuspensionLocks(
+                CPalThread *pthrSuspender,
+                CPalThread *pthrTarget
+            );  
+
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+            sem_t* 
+            GetSuspendSemaphore(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return &m_semSusp;
+            };
+
+            sem_t* 
+            GetResumeSemaphore(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return &m_semResume;
+            };
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+            int
+            GetSuspendSemaphoreId(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_nSemsuspid;
+            };
+
+            sembuf*
+            GetSemaphorePostBuffer(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return &m_sbSempost;
+            };
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+#if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+            LONG* 
+            GetSuspensionSpinlock(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return &m_nSpinlock;
+            }
+#else // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+            pthread_mutex_t*
+            GetSuspensionMutex(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return &m_ptmSuspmutex;
+            }
+#endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+
+            void
+            SetSuspPending(
+                BOOL fPending
+                )
+            {
+                m_fPending = fPending;
+            };	
+
+            BOOL
+            GetSuspPending(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_fPending;
+            };     
+
+            void
+            SetSelfSusp(
+                BOOL fSelfsusp
+                )
+            {
+                m_fSelfsusp = fSelfsusp;
+            }; 
+            
+            BOOL
+            GetSelfSusp(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_fSelfsusp;
+            }; 
+
+            void
+            PostOnSuspendSemaphore();
+
+            void
+            WaitOnSuspendSemaphore();     
+
+            void
+            PostOnResumeSemaphore();
+
+            void
+            WaitOnResumeSemaphore();             
+
+            static 
+            BOOL 
+            TryAcquireSuspensionLock(
+                CPalThread* pthrTarget
+            );    
+
+            int GetBlockingPipe(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_nBlockingPipe;
+            };
+
+        public:
+            virtual PAL_ERROR InitializePreCreate();
+
+            CThreadSuspensionInfo()
+                : m_fPending(FALSE)
+                , m_fSelfsusp(FALSE)
+                , m_fSuspendedForShutdown(FALSE)
+                , m_nBlockingPipe(-1)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                , m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread(0)
+#endif // _DEBUG
+#if !DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+                , m_fSuspmutexInitialized(FALSE)
+#endif
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES || USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+                , m_fSemaphoresInitialized(FALSE)
+#endif
+            {
+                InitializeSuspensionLock();
+            }; 
+
+            virtual ~CThreadSuspensionInfo();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            LONG
+            GetNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_lNumThreadsSuspendedByThisThread;
+            };
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+#if USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+            void
+            DestroySemaphoreIds(
+                void
+            );
+#endif
+            void
+            SetSuspendedForShutdown(
+                BOOL fSuspendedForShutdown
+                )
+            {
+                m_fSuspendedForShutdown = fSuspendedForShutdown;
+            };
+            
+            BOOL
+            GetSuspendedForShutdown(
+                void
+                )
+            {
+                return m_fSuspendedForShutdown;
+            };
+
+            void
+            AcquireSuspensionLock(
+                CPalThread *pthrCurrent
+            );
+
+            void
+            ReleaseSuspensionLock(
+                CPalThread *pthrCurrent
+            );
+
+            PAL_ERROR
+            InternalSuspendNewThreadFromData(
+                CPalThread *pThread
+            );
+
+            PAL_ERROR
+            InternalResumeThreadFromData(
+                CPalThread *pthrResumer,
+                CPalThread *pthrTarget,
+                DWORD *pdwSuspendCount
+            );
+
+            VOID InitializeSuspensionLock();
+
+            void SetBlockingPipe(
+                int nBlockingPipe
+                )
+            {
+                m_nBlockingPipe = nBlockingPipe;
+            };
+    };
+} //end CorUnix
+
+extern const BYTE WAKEUPCODE; // use for pipe reads during self suspend.
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+extern LONG g_ssSuspensionLock;
+#endif
+
+#endif // _PAL_THREADSUSP_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/tls.hpp b/src/pal/src/include/pal/tls.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4d9926c49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/tls.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/tls.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for thread local storage
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_TLS_HPP
+#define _PAL_TLS_HPP
+
+#include "threadinfo.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    /* This is the number of slots available for use in TlsAlloc().
+    sTlsSlotFields in thread/localstorage.c must be this number
+    of bits. */
+#define TLS_SLOT_SIZE   64
+
+    class CThreadTLSInfo : public CThreadInfoInitializer
+    {
+    public:
+        LPVOID tlsSlots[TLS_SLOT_SIZE];
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        InitializePostCreate(
+            CPalThread *pThread,
+            SIZE_T threadId,
+            DWORD dwLwpId
+            );
+
+        CThreadTLSInfo()
+        {
+            ZeroMemory(tlsSlots, sizeof(tlsSlots));
+        };        
+    };
+
+    //
+    // InternalGetCurrentThread obtains the CPalThread instance for the
+    // calling thread. That instance should only be used by the calling
+    // thread. If another thread will at some point need access to this
+    // thread information it should be given a referenced pointer to
+    // the IPalObject stored within the CPalThread.
+    //
+
+    extern pthread_key_t thObjKey;
+
+    CPalThread *InternalGetCurrentThread();
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_TLS_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/unicode_data.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/unicode_data.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0b7fe07447
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/unicode_data.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/unicode_data.h
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Data, data retrieval function declarations.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE_DATA_H_
+#define _UNICODE_DATA_H_
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#if !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+typedef struct
+{
+  WCHAR nUnicodeValue;
+  WORD  C1_TYPE_FLAGS;
+  WCHAR nOpposingCase;             /* 0 if no opposing case. */
+  WORD  rangeValue;
+} UnicodeDataRec;
+
+/* Global variables. */
+extern CONST UnicodeDataRec UnicodeData[];
+extern CONST UINT UNICODE_DATA_SIZE;
+extern CONST UINT UNICODE_DATA_DIRECT_ACCESS;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetUnicodeData
+  This function is used to get information about a Unicode character.
+
+Parameters:
+nUnicodeValue
+  The numeric value of the Unicode character to get information about.
+pDataRec
+  The UnicodeDataRec to fill in with the data for the Unicode character.
+
+Return value:
+  TRUE if the Unicode character was found.
+
+--*/
+BOOL GetUnicodeData(INT nUnicodeValue, UnicodeDataRec *pDataRec);
+
+#endif  /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif  /* _UNICODE_DATA_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/utf8.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/utf8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2516caafb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/utf8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/utf8.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for UTF-8 conversion functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_UTF8_H_
+#define _PAL_UTF8_H_
+
+#include <pal/palinternal.h> /* for WCHAR */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    UTF8ToUnicode
+
+    Convert a string from UTF-8 to UTF-16 (UCS-2)
+--*/
+int UTF8ToUnicode(LPCSTR lpSrcStr, int cchSrc, LPWSTR lpDestStr, int cchDest, DWORD dwFlags);
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    UnicodeToUTF8
+
+    Convert a string from UTF-16 (UCS-2) to UTF-8
+--*/
+int UnicodeToUTF8(LPCWSTR lpSrcStr, int cchSrc, LPSTR lpDestStr, int cchDest);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+#endif /* _PAL_UTF8_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/utils.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3ddad4ae2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/utils.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Miscellaneous helper functions for the PAL, which don't fit anywhere else
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_UTILS_H_
+#define _PAL_UTILS_H_
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk
+
+  Opposite of wcspbrk : searches a string for the first character NOT in the 
+  given set
+
+Parameters :
+    LPWSTR lpwstr :   string to search
+    LPCWSTR charset : list of characters to search for
+                                      
+Return value :
+    pointer to first character of lpwstr that isn't in the set
+    NULL if all characters are in the set                                                                 
+--*/
+LPWSTR UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk(LPWSTR lpwstr, LPCWSTR charset);
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet
+    
+    Takes a struct stat *
+    Returns true if the file is read only,
+--*/
+BOOL UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet( struct stat * stat_data );
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet
+    
+    Takes a struct stat *
+    Returns true if the file is executable.
+--*/
+BOOL UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( struct stat * stat_data );
+
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_WCToMB_Alloc
+    
+    Converts a wide string to a multibyte string, allocating the required buffer
+    
+Parameters :
+    LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr : string to convert
+    int cchWideChar : number of wide characters to convert
+                      (-1 to convert a complete null-termnated string)
+    
+Return Value :
+    newly allocated buffer containing the converted string. Conversion is 
+    performed using CP_ACP. Buffer is allocated with malloc(), release it 
+    with free().
+    In case if failure, LastError will be set.
+--*/
+LPSTR UTIL_WCToMB_Alloc(LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr, int cchWideChar);
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc
+    
+    Converts a multibyte string to a wide string, allocating the required buffer
+    
+Parameters :
+    LPCSTR lpMultiByteStr : string to convert
+    int cbMultiByte : number of bytes to convert 
+                      (-1 to convert a complete null-termnated string)
+    
+Return Value :
+    newly allocated buffer containing the converted string. Conversion is 
+    performed using CP_ACP. Buffer is allocated with malloc(), release it 
+    with free().
+    In case if failure, LastError will be set.
+--*/
+LPWSTR UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc(LPCSTR lpMultiByteStr, int cbMultiByte);
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+#include <mach/kern_return.h>
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_MachErrorToPalError
+
+    Maps a Mach kern_return_t to a Win32 error code.
+--*/
+DWORD UTIL_MachErrorToPalError(kern_return_t MachReturn);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach
+
+    Sets Win32 LastError according to the argument Mach kern_return_t value,
+    provided it indicates an error.  If the argument indicates success, does
+    not modify LastError.
+--*/
+void UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(kern_return_t MachReturn);
+
+#endif //HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif // __cplusplus
+class StringHolder
+   {
+       private:
+           LPSTR data;
+       public:
+        StringHolder() : data(NULL) { }
+        ~StringHolder()
+        { 
+            PAL_free( data); 
+        }
+
+        operator LPSTR () { return data;}
+
+        StringHolder& operator= (LPSTR value) 
+        {
+            data = value;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        BOOL IsNull()
+        {
+          return data == NULL;
+        }
+
+   };
+#endif /* _PAL_UTILS_H_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/include/pal/virtual.h b/src/pal/src/include/pal/virtual.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4e225281e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/include/pal/virtual.h
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/virtual.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for virtual memory management.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_VIRTUAL_H_
+#define _PAL_VIRTUAL_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+typedef struct _CMI {
+
+    struct _CMI * pNext;        /* Link to the next entry. */
+    struct _CMI * pPrevious;    /* Link to the previous entry. */
+
+    UINT_PTR startBoundary;     /* Starting location of the region. */
+    SIZE_T   memSize;           /* Size of the entire region.. */
+
+    DWORD  accessProtection;    /* Initial allocation access protection. */
+    DWORD  allocationType;      /* Initial allocation type. */
+
+    BYTE * pAllocState;         /* Individual allocation type tracking for each */
+                                /* page in the region. */
+
+    BYTE * pProtectionState;    /* Individual allocation type tracking for each */
+                                /* page in the region. */
+
+} CMI, * PCMI;
+
+enum VIRTUAL_CONSTANTS
+{
+    /* Allocation type. */
+    VIRTUAL_COMMIT_ALL_BITS     = 0xFF,
+    VIRTUAL_RESERVE_ALL_BITS    = 0x0,
+    
+    /* Protection Type. */
+    VIRTUAL_READONLY,
+    VIRTUAL_READWRITE,
+    VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+    VIRTUAL_NOACCESS,
+    VIRTUAL_EXECUTE,
+    VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READ,
+    
+    /* Page manipulation constants. */
+#ifdef __sparc__
+    VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE       = 0x2000,
+#else   // __sparc__
+    VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE       = 0x1000,
+#endif  // __sparc__
+    VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK       = VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE - 1,
+    BOUNDARY_64K    = 0xffff
+};
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    VIRTUALInitialize
+
+    Initialize the critical sections.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE  if initialization succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise.        
+--*/
+BOOL VIRTUALInitialize(bool initializeExecutableMemoryAllocator);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    VIRTUALCleanup
+
+    Deletes the critical sections.
+
+--*/
+void VIRTUALCleanup( void );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+
+/*++
+Class:
+    ExecutableMemoryAllocator
+
+    This class implements a virtual memory allocator for JIT'ed code.
+    The purpose of this allocator is to opportunistically reserve a chunk of virtual memory
+    that is located near the coreclr library (within 2GB range) that can be later used by
+    JIT. Having executable memory close to the coreclr library allows JIT to generate more
+    efficient code (by avoiding usage of jump stubs) and thus it can significantly improve
+    performance of the application.
+
+    This allocator is integrated with the VirtualAlloc/Reserve code. If VirtualAlloc has been
+    called with the MEM_RESERVE_EXECUTABLE flag then it will first try to obtain the requested size
+    of virtual memory from ExecutableMemoryAllocator. If ExecutableMemoryAllocator runs out of
+    the reserved memory (or fails to allocate it during initialization) then VirtualAlloc/Reserve code
+    will simply fall back to reserving memory using OS APIs.
+
+    Notes:
+        - the memory allocated by this class is NOT committed by default. It is responsibility
+          of the caller to commit the virtual memory before accessing it.
+        - in addition, this class does not provide ability to free the reserved memory. The caller
+          has full control of the memory it got from this allocator (i.e. the caller becomes
+          the owner of the allocated memory), so it is caller's responsibility to free the memory
+          if it is no longer needed.
+--*/
+class ExecutableMemoryAllocator
+{
+public:
+    /*++
+    Function:
+        Initialize
+
+        This function initializes the allocator. It should be called early during process startup
+        (when process address space is pretty much empty) in order to have a chance to reserve
+        sufficient amount of memory that is close to the coreclr library.
+    --*/
+    void Initialize();
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+        AllocateMemory
+
+        This function attempts to allocate the requested amount of memory from its reserved virtual
+        address space. The function will return NULL if the allocation request cannot
+        be satisfied by the memory that is currently available in the allocator.
+    --*/
+    void* AllocateMemory(SIZE_T allocationSize);
+
+private:
+    /*++
+    Function:
+        TryReserveInitialMemory
+
+        This function is called during initialization. It opportunistically tries to reserve
+        a large chunk of virtual memory that can be later used to store JIT'ed code.
+    --*/
+    void TryReserveInitialMemory();
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+        GenerateRandomStartOffset
+
+        This function returns a random offset (in multiples of the virtual page size)
+        at which the allocator should start allocating memory from its reserved memory range.
+    --*/
+    int32_t GenerateRandomStartOffset();
+
+private:
+    // There does not seem to be an easy way find the size of a library on Unix.
+    // So this constant represents an approximation of the libcoreclr size (on debug build)
+    // that can be used to calculate an approximate location of the memory that
+    // is in 2GB range from the coreclr library. In addition, having precise size of libcoreclr
+    // is not necessary for the calculations.
+    const int32_t CoreClrLibrarySize = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    // This constant represent the max size of the virtual memory that this allocator
+    // will try to reserve during initialization. We want all JIT-ed code and the
+    // entire libcoreclr to be located in a 2GB range.
+    const int32_t MaxExecutableMemorySize = 0x7FFF0000 - CoreClrLibrarySize;
+
+    // Start address of the reserved virtual address space
+    void* m_startAddress;
+
+    // Next available address in the reserved address space
+    void* m_nextFreeAddress;
+
+    // Total size of the virtual memory that the allocator has been able to
+    // reserve during its initialization.
+    int32_t m_totalSizeOfReservedMemory;
+
+    // Remaining size of the reserved virtual memory that can be used to satisfy allocation requests.
+    int32_t m_remainingReservedMemory;
+};
+
+#endif // __cplusplus
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    ReserveMemoryFromExecutableAllocator
+
+    This function is used to reserve a region of virual memory (not commited)
+    that is located close to the coreclr library. The memory comes from the virtual
+    address range that is managed by ExecutableMemoryAllocator.
+--*/
+void* ReserveMemoryFromExecutableAllocator(CorUnix::CPalThread* pthrCurrent, SIZE_T allocationSize);
+
+#endif /* _PAL_VIRTUAL_H_ */
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/init/pal.cpp b/src/pal/src/init/pal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a5edb36428
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/init/pal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1480 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    init/pal.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of PAL exported functions not part of the Win32 API.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/synchobjects.hpp"
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/map.hpp"
+#include "../objmgr/shmobjectmanager.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/sharedmemory.h"
+#include "pal/shmemory.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "../thread/procprivate.hpp"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/locale.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+#include "../exception/machexception.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+
+#if HAVE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#else
+#include "pal/fakepoll.h"
+#endif  // HAVE_POLL
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+int CacheLineSize;
+#endif //__APPLE__
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+#ifdef __NetBSD__
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#include <kvm.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+//
+// $$TODO The C++ compiler doesn't like pal/cruntime.h so duplicate the
+// necessary prototype here
+//
+
+extern "C" BOOL CRTInitStdStreams( void );
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PAL);
+
+Volatile<INT> init_count = 0;
+Volatile<BOOL> shutdown_intent = 0;
+Volatile<LONG> g_coreclrInitialized = 0;
+static BOOL g_fThreadDataAvailable = FALSE;
+static pthread_mutex_t init_critsec_mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
+
+/* critical section to protect access to init_count. This is allocated on the
+   very first PAL_Initialize call, and is freed afterward. */
+static PCRITICAL_SECTION init_critsec = NULL;
+
+static int Initialize(int argc, const char *const argv[], DWORD flags);
+static BOOL INIT_IncreaseDescriptorLimit(void);
+static LPWSTR INIT_FormatCommandLine (int argc, const char * const *argv);
+static LPWSTR INIT_FindEXEPath(LPCSTR exe_name);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+extern void PROCDumpThreadList(void);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+static bool RunningNatively()
+{
+    int ret = 0;
+    size_t sz = sizeof(ret);
+    if (sysctlbyname("sysctl.proc_native", &ret, &sz, NULL, 0) != 0)
+    {
+        // if the sysctl failed, we'll assume this OS does not support
+        // binary translation - so we must be running natively.
+        return true;
+    }
+    return ret != 0;
+}
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Initialize
+
+Abstract:
+  This function is the first function of the PAL to be called.
+  Internal structure initialization is done here. It could be called
+  several time by the same process, a reference count is kept.
+
+Return:
+  0 if successful
+  -1 if it failed
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+PAL_Initialize(
+    int argc,
+    const char *const argv[])
+{
+    return Initialize(argc, argv, PAL_INITIALIZE);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_InitializeDLL
+
+Abstract:
+    Initializes the non-runtime DLLs/modules like the DAC and SOS.
+
+Return:
+  0 if successful
+  -1 if it failed
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+PAL_InitializeDLL()
+{
+    return Initialize(0, NULL, PAL_INITIALIZE_DLL);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  Initialize
+
+Abstract:
+  Common PAL initialization function.
+
+Return:
+  0 if successful
+  -1 if it failed
+
+--*/
+int
+Initialize(
+    int argc,
+    const char *const argv[],
+    DWORD flags)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    CSharedMemoryObjectManager *pshmom = NULL;
+    LPWSTR command_line = NULL;
+    LPWSTR exe_path = NULL;
+    int retval = -1;
+    bool fFirstTimeInit = false;
+
+    /* the first ENTRY within the first call to PAL_Initialize is a special
+       case, since debug channels are not initialized yet. So in that case the
+       ENTRY will be called after the DBG channels initialization */
+    ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_Initialize(argc = %d argv = %p)\n", argc, argv);
+
+    /*Firstly initiate a lastError */
+    SetLastError(ERROR_GEN_FAILURE);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (!RunningNatively())
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_BAD_FORMAT);
+        goto exit;
+    }
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+    CriticalSectionSubSysInitialize();
+
+    if(NULL == init_critsec)
+    {
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&init_critsec_mutex); // prevents race condition of two threads 
+                                                 // initializing the critical section.
+        if(NULL == init_critsec)
+        {
+            static CRITICAL_SECTION temp_critsec;
+
+            // Want this critical section to NOT be internal to avoid the use of unsafe region markers.
+            InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(&temp_critsec, 0, false);
+
+            if(NULL != InterlockedCompareExchangePointer(&init_critsec, &temp_critsec, NULL))
+            {
+                // Another thread got in before us! shouldn't happen, if the PAL
+                // isn't initialized there shouldn't be any other threads 
+                WARN("Another thread initialized the critical section\n");
+                InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&temp_critsec);
+            }
+        }
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&init_critsec_mutex);
+    }
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, init_critsec); // here pThread is always NULL
+
+    if (init_count == 0)
+    {
+        // Set our pid and sid.
+        gPID = getpid();
+        gSID = getsid(gPID);
+
+        fFirstTimeInit = true;
+
+        // Initialize the TLS lookaside cache
+        if (FALSE == TLSInitialize())
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize the environment.
+        if (FALSE == EnvironInitialize())
+        {
+            goto CLEANUP0;
+        }
+
+        // Initialize debug channel settings before anything else.
+        // This depends on the environment, so it must come after
+        // EnvironInitialize.
+        if (FALSE == DBG_init_channels())
+        {
+            goto CLEANUP0;
+        }
+
+#if _DEBUG
+        // Verify that our page size is what we think it is. If it's
+        // different, we can't run.
+        if (VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE != getpagesize())
+        {
+            ASSERT("VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE is incorrect for this system!\n"
+                "Change include/pal/virtual.h and clr/src/inc/stdmacros.h "
+                "to reflect the correct page size of %d.\n", getpagesize());
+        }
+#endif  // _DEBUG
+
+        if (!INIT_IncreaseDescriptorLimit())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to increase the file descriptor limit!\n");
+            // We can continue if this fails; we'll just have problems if
+            // we use large numbers of threads or have many open files.
+        }
+
+        SharedMemoryManager::StaticInitialize();
+
+        /* initialize the shared memory infrastructure */
+        if (!SHMInitialize())
+        {
+            ERROR("Shared memory initialization failed!\n");
+            goto CLEANUP0;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Initialize global process data
+        //
+
+        palError = InitializeProcessData();
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize process data\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+        // Mach exception port needs to be set up before the thread
+        // data or threads are set up.
+        if (!SEHInitializeMachExceptions(flags))
+        {
+            ERROR("SEHInitializeMachExceptions failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+        //
+        // Initialize global thread data
+        //
+
+        palError = InitializeGlobalThreadData();
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize thread data\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Allocate the initial thread data
+        //
+
+        palError = CreateThreadData(&pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create initial thread data\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1a;
+        }
+
+        PROCAddThread(pThread, pThread);
+
+        //
+        // Initialize mutex and condition variable used to synchronize the ending threads count
+        //
+
+        palError = InitializeEndingThreadsData();
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create ending threads data\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1b;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // It's now safe to access our thread data
+        //
+
+        g_fThreadDataAvailable = TRUE;
+
+        //
+        // Initialize module manager
+        //
+        if (FALSE == LOADInitializeModules())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize module manager\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto CLEANUP1b;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Initialize the object manager
+        //
+
+        pshmom = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryObjectManager>();
+        if (NULL == pshmom)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate new object manager\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto CLEANUP1b;
+        }
+
+        palError = pshmom->Initialize();
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("object manager initialization failed!\n");
+            InternalDelete(pshmom);
+            goto CLEANUP1b;
+        }
+
+        g_pObjectManager = pshmom;
+
+        //
+        // Initialize the synchronization manager
+        //
+        g_pSynchronizationManager =
+            CPalSynchMgrController::CreatePalSynchronizationManager();
+
+        if (NULL == g_pSynchronizationManager)
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            ERROR("Failure creating synchronization manager\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1c;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    }
+
+    palError = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+
+    if (argc > 0 && argv != NULL)
+    {
+        /* build the command line */
+        command_line = INIT_FormatCommandLine(argc, argv);
+        if (NULL == command_line)
+        {
+            ERROR("Error building command line\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1d;
+        }
+
+        /* find out the application's full path */
+        exe_path = INIT_FindEXEPath(argv[0]);
+        if (NULL == exe_path)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to find exe path\n");
+            goto CLEANUP1e;
+        }
+
+        if (NULL == command_line || NULL == exe_path)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to process command-line parameters!\n");
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        palError = InitializeProcessCommandLine(
+            command_line,
+            exe_path);
+        
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize command line\n");
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        // InitializeProcessCommandLine took ownership of this memory.
+        command_line = NULL;
+
+#ifdef PAL_PERF
+        // Initialize the Profiling structure
+        if(FALSE == PERFInitialize(command_line, exe_path)) 
+        {
+            ERROR("Performance profiling initial failed\n");
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }    
+        PERFAllocThreadInfo();
+#endif
+
+        if (!LOADSetExeName(exe_path))
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to set exe name\n");
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        // LOADSetExeName took ownership of this memory.
+        exe_path = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (init_count == 0)
+    {
+        //
+        // Create the initial process and thread objects
+        //
+        palError = CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjects(pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create initial process and thread objects\n");
+            goto CLEANUP2;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & PAL_INITIALIZE_SYNC_THREAD)
+        {
+            //
+            // Tell the synchronization manager to start its worker thread
+            //
+            palError = CPalSynchMgrController::StartWorker(pThread);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR("Synch manager failed to start worker thread\n");
+                goto CLEANUP5;
+            }
+        }
+
+        palError = ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+
+        /* initialize structured exception handling stuff (signals, etc) */
+        if (FALSE == SEHInitialize(pThread, flags))
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize SEH support\n");
+            goto CLEANUP5;
+        }
+
+        if (FALSE == TIMEInitialize())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize TIME support\n");
+            goto CLEANUP6;
+        }
+
+        /* Initialize the File mapping critical section. */
+        if (FALSE == MAPInitialize())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize file mapping support\n");
+            goto CLEANUP6;
+        }
+
+        /* Initialize the Virtual* functions. */
+        bool initializeExecutableMemoryAllocator = (flags & PAL_INITIALIZE_EXEC_ALLOCATOR) != 0;
+        if (FALSE == VIRTUALInitialize(initializeExecutableMemoryAllocator))
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize virtual memory support\n");
+            goto CLEANUP10;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & PAL_INITIALIZE_STD_HANDLES)
+        {
+            /* create file objects for standard handles */
+            if (!FILEInitStdHandles())
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to initialize standard file handles\n");
+                goto CLEANUP13;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (FALSE == CRTInitStdStreams())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize CRT standard streams\n");
+            goto CLEANUP15;
+        }
+
+        TRACE("First-time PAL initialization complete.\n");
+        init_count++;        
+
+        /* Set LastError to a non-good value - functions within the
+           PAL startup may set lasterror to a nonzero value. */
+        SetLastError(NO_ERROR);
+        retval = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        init_count++;
+
+        // Behave the same wrt entering the PAL independent of whether this
+        // is the first call to PAL_Initialize or not.  The first call implied
+        // PAL_Enter by virtue of creating the CPalThread for the current
+        // thread, and its starting state is to be in the PAL.
+        (void)PAL_Enter(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+
+        TRACE("Initialization count increases to %d\n", init_count.Load());
+
+        SetLastError(NO_ERROR);
+        retval = 0;
+    }
+    goto done;
+
+    /* No cleanup required for CRTInitStdStreams */ 
+CLEANUP15:
+    FILECleanupStdHandles();
+CLEANUP13:
+    VIRTUALCleanup();
+CLEANUP10:
+    MAPCleanup();
+CLEANUP6:
+    SEHCleanup();
+CLEANUP5:
+    PROCCleanupInitialProcess();
+CLEANUP2:
+    free(exe_path);
+CLEANUP1e:
+    free(command_line);
+CLEANUP1d:
+    // Cleanup synchronization manager
+CLEANUP1c:
+    // Cleanup object manager
+CLEANUP1b:
+    // Cleanup initial thread data
+CLEANUP1a:
+    // Cleanup global process data
+CLEANUP1:
+    SHMCleanup();
+CLEANUP0:
+    TLSCleanup();
+    ERROR("PAL_Initialize failed\n");
+    SetLastError(palError);
+done:
+#ifdef PAL_PERF 
+    if( retval == 0)
+    {
+         PERFEnableProcessProfile();
+         PERFEnableThreadProfile(FALSE);
+         PERFCalibrate("Overhead of PERF entry/exit");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, init_critsec);
+
+    if (fFirstTimeInit && 0 == retval)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (retval != 0 && GetLastError() == ERROR_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("returning failure, but last error not set\n");
+    }
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+exit :
+#endif // __APPLE__
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_Initialize returns int %d\n", retval);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_InitializeCoreCLR
+
+Abstract:
+  A replacement for PAL_Initialize when loading CoreCLR. Instead of taking a command line (which CoreCLR
+  instances aren't given anyway) the path into which the CoreCLR is installed is supplied instead. This is
+  cached so that PAL_GetPALDirectoryW can return it later.
+
+  This routine also makes sure the psuedo dynamic libraries PALRT and mscorwks have their initialization
+  methods called.
+
+Return:
+  ERROR_SUCCESS if successful
+  An error code, if it failed
+
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+PALAPI
+PAL_InitializeCoreCLR(const char *szExePath)
+{    
+    // Fake up a command line to call PAL initialization with.
+    int result = Initialize(1, &szExePath, PAL_INITIALIZE_CORECLR);
+    if (result != 0)
+    {
+        return GetLastError();
+    }
+
+    // Check for a repeated call (this is a no-op).
+    if (InterlockedIncrement(&g_coreclrInitialized) > 1)
+    {
+        PAL_Enter(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+        return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    }
+
+    // Now that the PAL is initialized it's safe to call the initialization methods for the code that used to
+    // be dynamically loaded libraries but is now statically linked into CoreCLR just like the PAL, i.e. the
+    // PAL RT and mscorwks.
+    if (!LOADInitializeCoreCLRModule())
+    {
+        return ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED;
+    }
+
+    if (!InitializeFlushProcessWriteBuffers())
+    {
+        return ERROR_GEN_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+PAL_IsDebuggerPresent
+
+Abstract:
+This function should be used to determine if a debugger is attached to the process.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_IsDebuggerPresent()
+{
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    BOOL debugger_present = FALSE;
+    char buf[2048];
+
+    int status_fd = open("/proc/self/status", O_RDONLY);
+    if (status_fd == -1)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    ssize_t num_read = read(status_fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+
+    if (num_read > 0)
+    {
+        static const char TracerPid[] = "TracerPid:";
+        char *tracer_pid;
+
+        buf[num_read] = '\0';
+        tracer_pid = strstr(buf, TracerPid);
+        if (tracer_pid)
+        {
+            debugger_present = !!atoi(tracer_pid + sizeof(TracerPid) - 1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    close(status_fd);
+
+    return debugger_present;
+#elif defined(__APPLE__)
+    struct kinfo_proc info = {};
+    size_t size = sizeof(info);
+    int mib[4] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PID, getpid() };
+    int ret = sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(*mib), &info, &size, NULL, 0);
+
+    if (ret == 0)
+        return ((info.kp_proc.p_flag & P_TRACED) != 0);
+
+    return FALSE;
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+    int traced;
+    kvm_t *kd;
+    int cnt;
+
+    struct kinfo_proc *info;
+
+    kd = kvm_open(NULL, NULL, NULL, KVM_NO_FILES, "kvm_open");
+    if (kd == NULL)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    info = kvm_getprocs(kd, KERN_PROC_PID, getpid(), &cnt);
+    if (info == NULL || cnt < 1)
+    {
+        kvm_close(kd);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    traced = info->kp_proc.p_slflag & PSL_TRACED;
+    kvm_close(kd);
+
+    if (traced != 0)
+        return TRUE;
+    else
+        return FALSE;
+#else
+    return FALSE;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_EntryPoint
+
+Abstract:
+  This function should be used to wrap code that uses PAL library on thread that was not created by PAL.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+DWORD_PTR
+PALAPI
+PAL_EntryPoint(
+    IN LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
+    IN LPVOID lpParameter)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    DWORD_PTR retval = (DWORD) -1;
+
+    ENTRY("PAL_EntryPoint(lpStartAddress=%p, lpParameter=%p)\n", lpStartAddress, lpParameter);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (NULL == pThread)
+    {
+        /* This function works only for thread that called PAL_Initialize for now. */
+        ERROR( "Unable to get the thread object.\n" );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    retval = (*lpStartAddress)(lpParameter);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_EntryPoint returns int %d\n", retval);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Shutdown
+
+Abstract:
+  This function shuts down the PAL WITHOUT exiting the current process.
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+PAL_Shutdown(
+    void)
+{
+    TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit(FALSE /* bTerminateUnconditionally */);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Terminate
+
+Abstract:
+  This function is the called when a thread has finished using the PAL
+  library. It shuts down PAL and exits the current process.
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+PAL_Terminate(
+    void)
+{
+    PAL_TerminateEx(0);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+PAL_TerminateEx
+
+Abstract:
+This function is the called when a thread has finished using the PAL
+library. It shuts down PAL and exits the current process with
+the specified exit code.
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+PAL_TerminateEx(
+    int exitCode)
+{
+    ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_TerminateEx()\n");
+
+    if (NULL == init_critsec)
+    {
+        /* note that these macros probably won't output anything, since the
+        debug channels haven't been initialized yet */
+        ASSERT("PAL_Initialize has never been called!\n");
+        LOGEXIT("PAL_Terminate returns.\n");
+    }
+
+    // Declare the beginning of shutdown 
+    PALSetShutdownIntent();
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_TerminateEx is exiting the current process.\n");
+    exit(exitCode);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_InitializeDebug
+
+Abstract:
+  This function is the called when cordbg attaches to the process.
+--*/
+void
+PALAPI
+PAL_InitializeDebug(
+    void)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_InitializeDebug);
+    ENTRY("PAL_InitializeDebug()\n");
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+    MachExceptionInitializeDebug();
+#endif
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_InitializeDebug returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_InitializeDebug);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALIsThreadDataInitialized
+
+Returns TRUE if startup has reached a point where thread data is available
+--*/
+BOOL PALIsThreadDataInitialized()
+{
+    return g_fThreadDataAvailable;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALCommonCleanup
+
+  Utility function to prepare for shutdown.
+
+--*/
+void 
+PALCommonCleanup()
+{
+    static bool cleanupDone = false;
+
+    // Declare the beginning of shutdown
+    PALSetShutdownIntent();
+
+    if (!cleanupDone)
+    {
+        cleanupDone = true;
+
+        //
+        // Let the synchronization manager know we're about to shutdown
+        //
+        CPalSynchMgrController::PrepareForShutdown();
+
+        SharedMemoryManager::StaticClose();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        PROCDumpThreadList();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Mark that the PAL is uninitialized
+    init_count = 0;
+}
+
+BOOL PALIsShuttingDown()
+{
+    /* ROTORTODO: This function may be used to provide a reader/writer-like
+       mechanism (or a ref counting one) to prevent PAL APIs that need to access 
+       PAL runtime data, from working when PAL is shutting down. Each of those API 
+       should acquire a read access while executing. The shutting down code would
+       acquire a write lock, i.e. suspending any new incoming reader, and waiting 
+       for the current readers to be done. That would allow us to get rid of the
+       dangerous suspend-all-other-threads at shutdown time */
+    return shutdown_intent;
+}
+
+void PALSetShutdownIntent()
+{
+    /* ROTORTODO: See comment in PALIsShuttingDown */
+    shutdown_intent = TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALInitLock
+
+Take the initializaiton critical section (init_critsec). necessary to serialize 
+TerminateProcess along with PAL_Terminate and PAL_Initialize
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if critical section existed (and was acquired)
+    FALSE if critical section doens't exist yet
+--*/
+BOOL PALInitLock(void)
+{
+    if(!init_critsec)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : NULL);
+    
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, init_critsec);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALInitUnlock
+
+Release the initialization critical section (init_critsec). 
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void PALInitUnlock(void)
+{
+    if(!init_critsec)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : NULL);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, init_critsec);
+}
+
+/* Internal functions *********************************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    INIT_IncreaseDescriptorLimit [internal]
+
+Abstract:
+    Calls setrlimit(2) to increase the maximum number of file descriptors
+    this process can open.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if the call to setrlimit succeeded; FALSE otherwise.
+--*/
+static BOOL INIT_IncreaseDescriptorLimit(void)
+{
+    struct rlimit rlp;
+    int result;
+    
+    result = getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlp);
+    if (result != 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    // Set our soft limit for file descriptors to be the same
+    // as the max limit.
+    rlp.rlim_cur = rlp.rlim_max;
+    result = setrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE, &rlp);
+    if (result != 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    INIT_FormatCommandLine [Internal]
+
+Abstract:
+    This function converts an array of arguments (argv) into a Unicode
+    command-line for use by GetCommandLineW
+
+Parameters :
+    int argc : number of arguments in argv
+    char **argv : argument list in an array of NULL-terminated strings
+
+Return value :
+    pointer to Unicode command line. This is a buffer allocated with malloc;
+    caller is responsible for freeing it with free()
+
+Note : not all peculiarities of Windows command-line processing are supported; 
+
+-what is supported :
+    -arguments with white-space must be double quoted (we'll just double-quote
+     all arguments to simplify things)
+    -some characters must be escaped with \ : particularly, the double-quote,
+     to avoid confusion with the double-quotes at the start and end of
+     arguments, and \ itself, to avoid confusion with escape sequences.
+-what is not supported:    
+    -under Windows, \\ is interpreted as an escaped \ ONLY if it's followed by
+     an escaped double-quote \". \\\" is passed to argv as \", but \\a is
+     passed to argv as \\a... there may be other similar cases
+    -there may be other characters which must be escaped 
+--*/
+static LPWSTR INIT_FormatCommandLine (int argc, const char * const *argv)
+{
+    LPWSTR retval;
+    LPSTR command_line=NULL, command_ptr;
+    LPCSTR arg_ptr;
+    INT length, i,j;
+    BOOL bQuoted = FALSE;
+
+    /* list of characters that need no be escaped with \ when building the
+       command line. currently " and \ */
+    LPCSTR ESCAPE_CHARS="\"\\";
+
+    /* allocate temporary memory for the string. Play it safe :
+       double the length of each argument (in case they're composed
+       exclusively of escaped characters), and add 3 (for the double-quotes
+       and separating space). This is temporary anyway, we return a LPWSTR */
+    length=0;
+    for(i=0; i<argc; i++)
+    {
+        TRACE("argument %d is %s\n", i, argv[i]);
+        length+=3;
+        length+=strlen(argv[i])*2;
+    }
+    command_line = reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(InternalMalloc(length));
+
+    if(!command_line)
+    {
+        ERROR("couldn't allocate memory for command line!\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    command_ptr=command_line;
+    for(i=0; i<argc; i++)
+    {
+        /* double-quote at beginning of argument containing at least one space */
+        for(j = 0; (argv[i][j] != 0) && (!isspace((unsigned char) argv[i][j])); j++);
+
+        if (argv[i][j] != 0)
+        {
+            *command_ptr++='"';
+            bQuoted = TRUE;
+        }
+        /* process the argument one character at a time */
+        for(arg_ptr=argv[i]; *arg_ptr; arg_ptr++)
+        {
+            /* if character needs to be escaped, prepend a \ to it. */
+            if( strchr(ESCAPE_CHARS,*arg_ptr))
+            {
+                *command_ptr++='\\';
+            }
+
+            /* now we can copy the actual character over. */
+            *command_ptr++=*arg_ptr;
+        }
+        /* double-quote at end of argument; space to separate arguments */
+        if (bQuoted == TRUE)
+        {
+            *command_ptr++='"';
+            bQuoted = FALSE;
+        }
+        *command_ptr++=' ';
+    }
+    /* replace the last space with a NULL terminator */
+    command_ptr--;
+    *command_ptr='\0';
+
+    /* convert to Unicode */
+    i = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0,command_line, -1, NULL, 0);
+    if (i == 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+        free(command_line);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    retval = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc((sizeof(WCHAR)*i)));
+    if(retval == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("can't allocate memory for Unicode command line!\n");
+        free(command_line);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if(!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0,command_line, i, retval, i))
+    {
+        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+        free(retval);
+        retval = NULL;
+    }
+    else
+        TRACE("Command line is %s\n", command_line);
+
+    free(command_line);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  INIT_FindEXEPath
+
+Abstract:
+    Determine the full, canonical path of the current executable by searching
+    $PATH.
+
+Parameters:
+    LPCSTR exe_name : file to search for
+
+Return:
+    pointer to buffer containing the full path. This buffer must be released
+    by the caller using free()
+
+Notes :
+    this function assumes that "exe_name" is in Unix style (no \)
+
+Notes 2:
+    This doesn't handle the case of directories with the desired name
+    (and directories are usually executable...)
+--*/
+static LPWSTR INIT_FindEXEPath(LPCSTR exe_name)
+{
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+    PathCharString real_path;
+    LPSTR env_path;
+    LPSTR path_ptr;
+    LPSTR cur_dir;
+    INT exe_name_length;
+    BOOL need_slash;
+    LPWSTR return_value;
+    INT return_size;
+    struct stat theStats;
+    /* if a path is specified, only search there */
+    if (strchr(exe_name, '/'))
+    {
+        if ( -1 == stat( exe_name, &theStats ) )
+        {
+            ERROR( "The file does not exist\n" );
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if ( UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( &theStats ) )
+        {
+            if (!CorUnix::RealPathHelper(exe_name, real_path))
+            {
+                ERROR("realpath() failed!\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return_size=MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,real_path,-1,NULL,0);
+            if ( 0 == return_size )
+            {
+                ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return_value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc((return_size*sizeof(WCHAR))));
+            if ( NULL == return_value )
+            {
+                ERROR("Not enough memory to create full path\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, real_path, -1, 
+                                        return_value, return_size))
+                {
+                    ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                    free(return_value);
+                    return_value = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    TRACE("full path to executable is %s\n", real_path.GetString());
+                }
+            }
+            return return_value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* no path was specified : search $PATH */
+
+    env_path = EnvironGetenv("PATH");
+    if (!env_path || *env_path=='\0')
+    {
+        WARN("$PATH isn't set.\n");
+        if (env_path != NULL)
+        {
+            free(env_path);
+        }
+
+        goto last_resort;
+    }
+
+    exe_name_length=strlen(exe_name);
+
+    cur_dir=env_path;
+
+    while (cur_dir)
+    {
+        LPSTR full_path;
+        struct stat theStats;
+
+        /* skip all leading ':' */
+        while (*cur_dir==':')
+        {
+            cur_dir++;
+        }
+        if (*cur_dir=='\0')
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        /* cut string at next ':' */
+        path_ptr = strchr(cur_dir, ':');
+        if (path_ptr)
+        {
+            /* check if we need to add a '/' between the path and filename */
+            need_slash=(*(path_ptr-1))!='/';
+
+            /* NULL_terminate path element */
+            *path_ptr++='\0';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* check if we need to add a '/' between the path and filename */
+            need_slash=(cur_dir[strlen(cur_dir)-1])!='/';
+        }
+
+        TRACE("looking for %s in %s\n", exe_name, cur_dir);
+
+        /* build tentative full file name */
+        int iLength = (strlen(cur_dir)+exe_name_length+2);
+        full_path = reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(InternalMalloc(iLength));
+        if (!full_path)
+        {
+            ERROR("Not enough memory!\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        if (strcpy_s(full_path, iLength, cur_dir) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+            free(full_path);
+            free(env_path);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        if (need_slash)
+        {
+            if (strcat_s(full_path, iLength, "/") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcat_s failed!\n");
+                free(full_path);
+                free(env_path);
+                return NULL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (strcat_s(full_path, iLength, exe_name) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcat_s failed!\n");
+            free(full_path);
+            free(env_path);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* see if file exists AND is executable */
+        if ( -1 != stat( full_path, &theStats ) )
+        {
+            if( UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( &theStats ) )
+            {
+                /* generate canonical path */
+                if (!CorUnix::RealPathHelper(full_path, real_path))
+                {
+                    ERROR("realpath() failed!\n");
+                    free(full_path);
+                    free(env_path);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+                free(full_path);
+
+                return_size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,real_path,-1,NULL,0);
+                if ( 0 == return_size )
+                {
+                    ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                    free(env_path);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+
+                return_value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc((return_size*sizeof(WCHAR))));
+                if ( NULL == return_value )
+                {
+                    ERROR("Not enough memory to create full path\n");
+                    free(env_path);
+                    return NULL;
+                }
+
+                if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, real_path, -1, return_value,
+                                    return_size))
+                {
+                    ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                    free(return_value);
+                    return_value = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    TRACE("found %s in %s; real path is %s\n", exe_name,
+                          cur_dir,real_path.GetString());
+                }
+
+                free(env_path);
+                return return_value;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* file doesn't exist : keep searching */
+        free(full_path);
+
+        /* path_ptr is NULL if there's no ':' after this directory */
+        cur_dir=path_ptr;
+    }
+
+    free(env_path);
+    TRACE("No %s found in $PATH (%s)\n", exe_name, EnvironGetenv("PATH", FALSE));
+
+last_resort:
+    /* last resort : see if the executable is in the current directory. This is
+       possible if it comes from a exec*() call. */
+    if (0 == stat(exe_name,&theStats))
+    {
+        if ( UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( &theStats ) )
+        {
+            if (!CorUnix::RealPathHelper(exe_name, real_path))
+            {
+                ERROR("realpath() failed!\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return_size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,real_path,-1,NULL,0);
+            if (0 == return_size)
+            {
+                ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            return_value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc((return_size*sizeof(WCHAR))));
+            if (NULL == return_value)
+            {
+                ERROR("Not enough memory to create full path\n");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, real_path, -1, 
+                                        return_value, return_size))
+                {
+                    ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+                    free(return_value);
+                    return_value = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    TRACE("full path to executable is %s\n", real_path.GetString());
+                }
+            }
+
+            return return_value;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("found %s in current directory, but it isn't executable!\n",
+                  exe_name);
+        }                                                                   
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("last resort failed : executable %s is not in the current "
+              "directory\n",exe_name);
+    }
+
+    ERROR("executable %s not found anywhere!\n", exe_name);
+    return NULL;
+#else // !__APPLE__
+    // On the Mac we can just directly ask the OS for the executable path.
+
+    LPWSTR return_value;
+    INT return_size;
+
+    PathCharString exec_pathPS;
+    LPSTR  exec_path = exec_pathPS.OpenStringBuffer(MAX_PATH);
+    uint32_t bufsize = exec_pathPS.GetCount();
+
+    if (-1 == _NSGetExecutablePath(exec_path, &bufsize))
+    {
+        exec_pathPS.CloseBuffer(exec_pathPS.GetCount());
+        exec_path = exec_pathPS.OpenStringBuffer(bufsize);
+    }
+
+    if (_NSGetExecutablePath(exec_path, &bufsize))
+    {
+        ASSERT("_NSGetExecutablePath failure\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    exec_pathPS.CloseBuffer(bufsize);
+
+    return_size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP,0,exec_path,-1,NULL,0);
+    if (0 == return_size)
+    {
+        ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    return_value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc((return_size*sizeof(WCHAR))));
+    if (NULL == return_value)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not enough memory to create full path\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, exec_path, -1, 
+                                return_value, return_size))
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failure\n");
+            free(return_value);
+            return_value = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE("full path to executable is %s\n", exec_path);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return return_value;
+#endif // !__APPLE__
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/init/sxs.cpp b/src/pal/src/init/sxs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..225f91684b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/init/sxs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "../thread/procprivate.hpp"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SXS);
+
+PAL_ERROR AllocatePalThread(CPalThread **ppThread);
+
+/************************* Enter *************************/
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Enter
+
+Abstract:
+  This function needs to be called on a thread when it enters
+  a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+  in the process, and the current thread may or may not be
+  known to the PAL.  This function can fail (for something else
+  than an internal error) if this is the first time that the
+  current thread entered this PAL.  Note that PAL_Initialize
+  implies a call to this function.
+
+  NOTE: This function must not modify LastError.
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+PALAPI
+PAL_Enter(PAL_Boundary boundary)
+{
+    ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_Enter(boundary=%u)\n", boundary);
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    if (pThread != NULL)
+    {
+        palError = pThread->Enter(boundary);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If this assert fires, we'll have to pipe this information so that 
+        // CPalThread's RunPostCreateInitializers call to SEHEnable 
+        // can know what direction.
+        _ASSERT_MSG(PAL_BoundaryTop == boundary, "How are we entering a PAL "
+            "thread for the first time not from the top? (boundary=%u)", boundary);
+            
+        palError = AllocatePalThread(&pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate pal thread: error %d\n", palError);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_Enter returns %d\n", palError);
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateCurrentThreadData
+
+Abstract:
+  This function is called by the InternalGetOrCreateCurrentThread inlined 
+  function to create the thread data when it is null meaning the thread has
+  never been in this PAL. 
+
+Warning:
+  If the allocation fails, this function asserts and exits the process.
+--*/
+extern "C" CPalThread *
+CreateCurrentThreadData()
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+
+    if (PALIsThreadDataInitialized()) {
+        PAL_ERROR palError = AllocatePalThread(&pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to allocate pal thread: error %d - aborting\n", palError);
+            PROCAbort();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return pThread;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+AllocatePalThread(CPalThread **ppThread)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = CreateThreadData(&pThread);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    HANDLE hThread;
+    palError = CreateThreadObject(pThread, pThread, &hThread);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthread_setspecific(thObjKey, NULL);
+        pThread->ReleaseThreadReference();
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    
+    // Like CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjects, we do not need this 
+    // thread handle, since we're not returning it to anyone who will 
+    // possibly release it.
+    (void)g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hThread);
+
+    PROCAddThread(pThread, pThread);
+
+exit:
+    *ppThread = pThread;
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+PAL_EnterTop()
+{
+    return PAL_Enter(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Reenter
+
+Abstract:
+  This function needs to be called on a thread when it enters
+  a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+  in the process, and the current thread is already known to
+  the PAL.
+
+  NOTE: This function must not modify LastError.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_Reenter(PAL_Boundary boundary)
+{
+    ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_Reenter(boundary=%u)\n", boundary);
+
+    CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    if (pThread == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("PAL_Reenter called on a thread unknown to this PAL\n");
+    }
+
+    // We ignore the return code.  This call should only fail on internal
+    // error, and we assert at the actual failure.
+    pThread->Enter(boundary);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_Reenter returns\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_HasEntered
+
+Abstract:
+  This function can be called to determine if the thread has entered the
+  PAL through PAL_Enter or related calls.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_HasEntered()
+{
+    ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_HasEntered()\n");
+
+    CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    if (pThread == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("PAL_Reenter called on a thread unknown to this PAL\n");
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_HasEntered returned\n");
+    
+    return pThread->IsInPal();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_ReenterForEH
+
+Abstract:
+  This function needs to be called on a thread when it enters
+  a region of code that depends on this instance of the PAL
+  in the process, and it is unknown whether the current thread
+  is already running in the PAL.  Returns TRUE if and only if
+  the thread was not running in the PAL previously.
+
+  NOTE: This function must not modify LastError.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_ReenterForEH()
+{
+    // Only trace if we actually reenter (otherwise, too verbose)
+    // ENTRY_EXTERNAL("PAL_ReenterForEH()\n");
+    // Thus we have to split up what ENTRY_EXTERNAL does.
+    CHECK_STACK_ALIGN;
+
+    BOOL fEntered = FALSE;
+
+    CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    if (pThread == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("PAL_ReenterForEH called on a thread unknown to this PAL\n");
+    }
+    else if (!pThread->IsInPal())
+    {
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+        DBG_PRINTF(DLI_ENTRY, defdbgchan, TRUE)("PAL_ReenterForEH()\n");
+#endif
+
+        // We ignore the return code.  This call should only fail on internal
+        // error, and we assert at the actual failure.
+        pThread->Enter(PAL_BoundaryEH);
+        fEntered = TRUE;
+        LOGEXIT("PAL_ReenterForEH returns TRUE\n");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // LOGEXIT("PAL_ReenterForEH returns FALSE\n");
+    }
+
+    return fEntered;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR CPalThread::Enter(PAL_Boundary /* boundary */)
+{
+    if (m_fInPal)
+    {
+        WARN("Enter called on a thread that already runs in this PAL\n");
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    m_fInPal = TRUE;
+
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+
+/************************* Leave *************************/
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_Leave
+
+Abstract:
+  This function needs to be called on a thread when it leaves a region
+  of code that depends on this instance of the PAL in the process.
+
+  NOTE: This function must not modify LastError.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_Leave(PAL_Boundary boundary)
+{
+    ENTRY("PAL_Leave(boundary=%u)\n", boundary);
+    
+    CPalThread *pThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    // We ignore the return code.  This call should only fail on internal
+    // error, and we assert at the actual failure.
+    pThread->Leave(boundary);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_Leave returns\n");
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_LeaveBottom()
+{
+    PAL_Leave(PAL_BoundaryBottom);
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_LeaveTop()
+{
+    PAL_Leave(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+}
+
+
+PAL_ERROR CPalThread::Leave(PAL_Boundary /* boundary */)
+{
+    if (!m_fInPal)
+    {
+        WARN("Leave called on a thread that is not running in this PAL\n");
+        return ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+
+    m_fInPal = FALSE;
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/loader/module.cpp b/src/pal/src/loader/module.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a4fc4949e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/loader/module.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1771 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    module.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of module related functions in the Win32 API
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/modulename.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/map.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#if NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include "dlcompat.h"
+#else   // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif  // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#include <mach-o/loader.h>
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+#if HAVE_GNU_LIBNAMES_H
+#include <gnu/lib-names.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(LOADER);
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(LOADER)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+/* macro definitions **********************************************************/
+
+/* get the full name of a module if available, and the short name otherwise*/
+#define MODNAME(x) ((x)->lib_name)
+
+/* Which path should FindLibrary search? */
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#define LIBSEARCHPATH "DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+#else
+#define LIBSEARCHPATH "LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
+#endif
+
+#define LIBC_NAME_WITHOUT_EXTENSION "libc"
+
+/* static variables ***********************************************************/
+
+/* critical section that regulates access to the module list */
+CRITICAL_SECTION module_critsec;
+
+/* always the first, in the in-load-order list */
+MODSTRUCT exe_module; 
+MODSTRUCT *pal_module = nullptr;
+
+char * g_szCoreCLRPath = nullptr;
+
+int MaxWCharToAcpLength = 3;
+
+/* static function declarations ***********************************************/
+
+template<class TChar> static bool LOADVerifyLibraryPath(const TChar *libraryPath);
+static bool LOADConvertLibraryPathWideStringToMultibyteString(
+    LPCWSTR wideLibraryPath,
+    LPSTR multibyteLibraryPath,
+    INT *multibyteLibraryPathLengthRef);
+static BOOL LOADValidateModule(MODSTRUCT *module);
+static LPWSTR LOADGetModuleFileName(MODSTRUCT *module);
+static MODSTRUCT *LOADAddModule(void *dl_handle, LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath);
+static void *LOADLoadLibraryDirect(LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath);
+static BOOL LOADFreeLibrary(MODSTRUCT *module, BOOL fCallDllMain);
+static HMODULE LOADRegisterLibraryDirect(void *dl_handle, LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath, BOOL fDynamic);
+static HMODULE LOADLoadLibrary(LPCSTR shortAsciiName, BOOL fDynamic);
+static BOOL LOADCallDllMainSafe(MODSTRUCT *module, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved);
+
+/* API function definitions ***************************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LoadLibraryA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HMODULE
+PALAPI
+LoadLibraryA(
+    IN LPCSTR lpLibFileName)
+{
+    return LoadLibraryExA(lpLibFileName, nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LoadLibraryW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HMODULE
+PALAPI
+LoadLibraryW(
+    IN LPCWSTR lpLibFileName)
+{
+    return LoadLibraryExW(lpLibFileName, nullptr, 0);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+LoadLibraryExA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HMODULE
+PALAPI
+LoadLibraryExA(
+    IN LPCSTR lpLibFileName,
+    IN /*Reserved*/ HANDLE hFile,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    if (dwFlags != 0) 
+    {
+        // UNIXTODO: Implement this!
+        ASSERT("Needs Implementation!!!");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    LPSTR lpstr = nullptr;
+    HMODULE hModule = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(LoadLibraryA);
+    ENTRY("LoadLibraryExA (lpLibFileName=%p (%s)) \n",
+          (lpLibFileName) ? lpLibFileName : "NULL",
+          (lpLibFileName) ? lpLibFileName : "NULL");
+
+    if (!LOADVerifyLibraryPath(lpLibFileName))
+    {
+        goto Done;
+    }
+
+    /* do the Dos/Unix conversion on our own copy of the name */
+    lpstr = strdup(lpLibFileName);
+    if (!lpstr)
+    {
+        ERROR("strdup failure!\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto Done;
+    }
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpstr);
+
+    hModule = LOADLoadLibrary(lpstr, TRUE);
+
+    /* let LOADLoadLibrary call SetLastError */
+ Done:
+    if (lpstr != nullptr)
+    {
+        free(lpstr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("LoadLibraryExA returns HMODULE %p\n", hModule);
+    PERF_EXIT(LoadLibraryExA);
+    return hModule;
+    
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+LoadLibraryExW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HMODULE
+PALAPI
+LoadLibraryExW(
+    IN LPCWSTR lpLibFileName,
+    IN /*Reserved*/ HANDLE hFile,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    if (dwFlags != 0) 
+    {
+        // UNIXTODO: Implement this!
+        ASSERT("Needs Implementation!!!");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    
+    CHAR * lpstr;
+    INT name_length;
+    PathCharString pathstr;
+    HMODULE hModule = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(LoadLibraryExW);
+    ENTRY("LoadLibraryExW (lpLibFileName=%p (%S)) \n",
+          lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (!LOADVerifyLibraryPath(lpLibFileName))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpstr = pathstr.OpenStringBuffer((PAL_wcslen(lpLibFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLength);
+    if (nullptr == lpstr)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (!LOADConvertLibraryPathWideStringToMultibyteString(lpLibFileName, lpstr, &name_length))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* do the Dos/Unix conversion on our own copy of the name */
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpstr);
+    pathstr.CloseBuffer(name_length);
+
+    /* let LOADLoadLibrary call SetLastError in case of failure */
+    hModule = LOADLoadLibrary(lpstr, TRUE);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("LoadLibraryExW returns HMODULE %p\n", hModule);
+    PERF_EXIT(LoadLibraryExW);
+    return hModule;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetProcAddress
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+FARPROC
+PALAPI
+GetProcAddress(
+    IN HMODULE hModule,
+    IN LPCSTR lpProcName)
+{
+    MODSTRUCT *module;
+    FARPROC ProcAddress = nullptr;
+    LPCSTR symbolName = lpProcName;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetProcAddress);
+    ENTRY("GetProcAddress (hModule=%p, lpProcName=%p (%s))\n",
+          hModule, lpProcName ? lpProcName : "NULL", lpProcName ? lpProcName : "NULL");
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    module = (MODSTRUCT *) hModule;
+
+    /* parameter validation */
+
+    if ((lpProcName == nullptr) || (*lpProcName == '\0'))
+    {
+        TRACE("No function name given\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (!LOADValidateModule(module))
+    {
+        TRACE("Invalid module handle %p\n", hModule);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    /* try to assert on attempt to locate symbol by ordinal */
+    /* this can't be an exact test for HIWORD((DWORD)lpProcName) == 0
+       because of the address range reserved for ordinals contain can
+       be a valid string address on non-Windows systems
+    */
+    if ((DWORD_PTR)lpProcName < VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Attempt to locate symbol by ordinal?!\n");
+    }
+
+    // Get the symbol's address.
+    
+    // If we're looking for a symbol inside the PAL, we try the PAL_ variant
+    // first because otherwise we run the risk of having the non-PAL_
+    // variant preferred over the PAL's implementation.
+    if (pal_module && module->dl_handle == pal_module->dl_handle)
+    {
+        int iLen = 4 + strlen(lpProcName) + 1;
+        LPSTR lpPALProcName = (LPSTR) alloca(iLen);
+
+        if (strcpy_s(lpPALProcName, iLen, "PAL_") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (strcat_s(lpPALProcName, iLen, lpProcName) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("strcat_s failed!\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        ProcAddress = (FARPROC) dlsym(module->dl_handle, lpPALProcName);
+        symbolName = lpPALProcName;
+    }
+
+    // If we aren't looking inside the PAL or we didn't find a PAL_ variant
+    // inside the PAL, fall back to a normal search.
+    if (ProcAddress == nullptr)
+    {
+        ProcAddress = (FARPROC) dlsym(module->dl_handle, lpProcName);
+    }
+
+    if (ProcAddress)
+    {
+        TRACE("Symbol %s found at address %p in module %p (named %S)\n",
+              lpProcName, ProcAddress, module, MODNAME(module));
+
+        /* if we don't know the module's full name yet, this is our chance to obtain it */
+        if (!module->lib_name && module->dl_handle)
+        {
+            const char* libName = PAL_dladdr((LPVOID)ProcAddress);
+            if (libName)
+            {
+                module->lib_name = UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc(libName, -1);
+                if (nullptr == module->lib_name)
+                {
+                    ERROR("MBToWC failure; can't save module's full name\n");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    TRACE("Saving full path of module %p as %s\n",
+                          module, libName);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("Symbol %s not found in module %p (named %S), dlerror message is \"%s\"\n",
+              lpProcName, module, MODNAME(module), dlerror());
+        SetLastError(ERROR_PROC_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+done:
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    LOGEXIT("GetProcAddress returns FARPROC %p\n", ProcAddress);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetProcAddress);
+    return ProcAddress;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FreeLibrary
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FreeLibrary(
+    IN OUT HMODULE hLibModule)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FreeLibrary);
+    ENTRY("FreeLibrary (hLibModule=%p)\n", hLibModule);
+
+    retval = LOADFreeLibrary((MODSTRUCT *)hLibModule, TRUE /* fCallDllMain */);
+
+    LOGEXIT("FreeLibrary returns BOOL %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(FreeLibrary);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FreeLibraryAndExitThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+FreeLibraryAndExitThread(
+    IN HMODULE hLibModule,
+    IN DWORD dwExitCode)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(FreeLibraryAndExitThread);
+    ENTRY("FreeLibraryAndExitThread()\n"); 
+    FreeLibrary(hLibModule);
+    ExitThread(dwExitCode);
+    LOGEXIT("FreeLibraryAndExitThread\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(FreeLibraryAndExitThread);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetModuleFileNameA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes :
+    because of limitations in the dlopen() mechanism, this will only return the
+    full path name if a relative or absolute path was given to LoadLibrary, or
+    if the module was used in a GetProcAddress call. otherwise, this will return
+    the short name as given to LoadLibrary. The exception is if hModule is
+    NULL : in this case, the full path of the executable is always returned.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetModuleFileNameA(
+    IN HMODULE hModule,
+    OUT LPSTR lpFileName,
+    IN DWORD nSize)
+{
+    INT name_length;
+    DWORD retval = 0;
+    LPWSTR wide_name = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetModuleFileNameA);
+    ENTRY("GetModuleFileNameA (hModule=%p, lpFileName=%p, nSize=%u)\n",
+          hModule, lpFileName, nSize);
+
+    LockModuleList();
+    if (hModule && !LOADValidateModule((MODSTRUCT *)hModule))
+    {
+        TRACE("Can't find name for invalid module handle %p\n", hModule);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    wide_name = LOADGetModuleFileName((MODSTRUCT *)hModule);
+
+    if (!wide_name)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't find name for valid module handle %p\n", hModule);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Convert module name to Ascii, place it in the supplied buffer */
+
+    name_length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wide_name, -1, lpFileName,
+                                      nSize, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (name_length == 0)
+    {
+        TRACE("Buffer too small to copy module's file name.\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("File name of module %p is %s\n", hModule, lpFileName);
+    retval = name_length;
+done:
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    LOGEXIT("GetModuleFileNameA returns DWORD %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetModuleFileNameA);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetModuleFileNameW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes :
+    because of limitations in the dlopen() mechanism, this will only return the
+    full path name if a relative or absolute path was given to LoadLibrary, or
+    if the module was used in a GetProcAddress call. otherwise, this will return
+    the short name as given to LoadLibrary. The exception is if hModule is
+    NULL : in this case, the full path of the executable is always returned.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetModuleFileNameW(
+    IN HMODULE hModule,
+    OUT LPWSTR lpFileName,
+    IN DWORD nSize)
+{
+    INT name_length;
+    DWORD retval = 0;
+    LPWSTR wide_name = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetModuleFileNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetModuleFileNameW (hModule=%p, lpFileName=%p, nSize=%u)\n",
+          hModule, lpFileName, nSize);
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    wcscpy_s(lpFileName, nSize, W(""));
+
+    if (hModule && !LOADValidateModule((MODSTRUCT *)hModule))
+    {
+        TRACE("Can't find name for invalid module handle %p\n", hModule);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    wide_name = LOADGetModuleFileName((MODSTRUCT *)hModule);
+
+    if (!wide_name)
+    {
+        TRACE("Can't find name for valid module handle %p\n", hModule);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Copy module name into supplied buffer */
+
+    name_length = lstrlenW(wide_name);
+    if (name_length >= (INT)nSize)
+    {
+        TRACE("Buffer too small (%u) to copy module's file name (%u).\n", nSize, name_length);
+        retval = (INT)nSize;
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    wcscpy_s(lpFileName, nSize, wide_name);
+
+    TRACE("file name of module %p is %S\n", hModule, lpFileName);
+    retval = name_length;
+done:
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    LOGEXIT("GetModuleFileNameW returns DWORD %u\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetModuleFileNameW);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*
+Function:
+  PAL_LoadLibraryDirect
+
+  Loads a library using a system call, without registering the library with the module list.
+
+  Returns the system handle to the loaded library, or nullptr upon failure (error is set via SetLastError()).
+*/
+void *
+PALAPI
+PAL_LoadLibraryDirect(
+    IN LPCWSTR lpLibFileName)
+{
+    PathCharString pathstr;
+    CHAR * lpstr = nullptr;
+    INT name_length;
+    void *dl_handle = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(LoadLibraryDirect);
+    ENTRY("LoadLibraryDirect (lpLibFileName=%p (%S)) \n",
+          lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (!LOADVerifyLibraryPath(lpLibFileName))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    lpstr = pathstr.OpenStringBuffer((PAL_wcslen(lpLibFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLength);
+    if (nullptr == lpstr)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (!LOADConvertLibraryPathWideStringToMultibyteString(lpLibFileName, lpstr, &name_length))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* do the Dos/Unix conversion on our own copy of the name */
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpstr);
+    pathstr.CloseBuffer(name_length);
+
+    dl_handle = LOADLoadLibraryDirect(lpstr);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("LoadLibraryDirect returns HMODULE %p\n", dl_handle);
+    PERF_EXIT(LoadLibraryDirect);
+    return dl_handle;
+}
+
+/*
+Function:
+  PAL_RegisterLibraryDirect
+
+  Registers a system handle to a loaded library with the module list.
+
+  Returns a PAL handle to the loaded library, or nullptr upon failure (error is set via SetLastError()).
+*/
+HMODULE
+PALAPI
+PAL_RegisterLibraryDirect(
+    IN void *dl_handle,
+    IN LPCWSTR lpLibFileName)
+{
+    PathCharString pathstr;
+    CHAR * lpstr = nullptr;
+    INT name_length;
+    HMODULE hModule = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(RegisterLibraryDirect);
+    ENTRY("RegisterLibraryDirect (lpLibFileName=%p (%S)) \n",
+        lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING,
+        lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (!LOADVerifyLibraryPath(lpLibFileName))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpstr = pathstr.OpenStringBuffer((PAL_wcslen(lpLibFileName)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLength);
+    if (nullptr == lpstr)
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (!LOADConvertLibraryPathWideStringToMultibyteString(lpLibFileName, lpstr, &name_length))
+    {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* do the Dos/Unix conversion on our own copy of the name */
+    FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpstr);
+    pathstr.CloseBuffer(name_length);
+
+    /* let LOADRegisterLibraryDirect call SetLastError in case of failure */
+    LockModuleList();
+    hModule = LOADRegisterLibraryDirect((void *)dl_handle, lpstr, true /* fDynamic */);
+    UnlockModuleList();
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("RegisterLibraryDirect returns HMODULE %p\n", hModule);
+    PERF_EXIT(RegisterLibraryDirect);
+    return hModule;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_RegisterModule
+
+  Register the module with the target module and return a module handle in
+  the target module's context. Doesn't call the DllMain because it is used
+  as part of calling DllMain in the calling module.
+
+--*/
+HINSTANCE
+PALAPI
+PAL_RegisterModule(
+    IN LPCSTR lpLibFileName)
+{
+    HINSTANCE hinstance = nullptr;
+
+    int err = PAL_InitializeDLL();
+    if (err == 0)
+    {
+        PERF_ENTRY(PAL_RegisterModule);
+        ENTRY("PAL_RegisterModule(%s)\n", lpLibFileName ? lpLibFileName : "");
+
+        LockModuleList();
+
+        void *dl_handle = LOADLoadLibraryDirect(lpLibFileName);
+        if (dl_handle)
+        {
+            // This only creates/adds the module handle and doesn't call DllMain
+            hinstance = LOADAddModule(dl_handle, lpLibFileName);
+        }
+
+        UnlockModuleList();
+
+        LOGEXIT("PAL_RegisterModule returns HINSTANCE %p\n", hinstance);
+        PERF_EXIT(PAL_RegisterModule);
+    }
+
+    return hinstance;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_UnregisterModule
+
+  Used to cleanup the module HINSTANCE from PAL_RegisterModule.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_UnregisterModule(
+    IN HINSTANCE hInstance)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_UnregisterModule);
+    ENTRY("PAL_UnregisterModule(hInstance=%p)\n", hInstance);
+
+    LOADFreeLibrary((MODSTRUCT *)hInstance, FALSE /* fCallDllMain */);
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_UnregisterModule returns\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_UnregisterModule);
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_LOADLoadPEFile
+
+    Map a PE format file into memory like Windows LoadLibrary() would do.
+    Doesn't apply base relocations if the function is relocated.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN hFile - file to map
+
+Return value:
+    non-NULL - the base address of the mapped image
+    NULL - error, with last error set.
+--*/
+void *
+PALAPI
+PAL_LOADLoadPEFile(HANDLE hFile)
+{
+    ENTRY("PAL_LOADLoadPEFile (hFile=%p)\n", hFile);
+
+    void * loadedBase = MAPMapPEFile(hFile);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    if (loadedBase != nullptr)
+    {
+        char* envVar = EnvironGetenv("PAL_ForcePEMapFailure");
+        if (envVar)
+        {
+            if (strlen(envVar) > 0)
+            {
+                TRACE("Forcing failure of PE file map, and retry\n");
+                PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile(loadedBase); // unload it
+                loadedBase = MAPMapPEFile(hFile); // load it again
+            }
+
+            free(envVar);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_LOADLoadPEFile returns %p\n", loadedBase);
+    return loadedBase;
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile
+
+    Unload a PE file that was loaded by PAL_LOADLoadPEFile().
+
+Parameters:
+    IN ptr - the file pointer returned by PAL_LOADLoadPEFile()
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE - success
+    FALSE - failure (incorrect ptr, etc.)
+--*/
+BOOL 
+PALAPI
+PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile(void * ptr)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+
+    ENTRY("PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile (ptr=%p)\n", ptr);
+
+    if (nullptr == ptr)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid pointer value\n" );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        retval = MAPUnmapPEFile(ptr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_LOADUnloadPEFile returns %d\n", retval);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_GetSymbolModuleBase
+
+    Get base address of the module containing a given symbol 
+
+Parameters:
+    void *symbol - address of symbol
+
+Return value:
+    module base address
+--*/
+LPCVOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetSymbolModuleBase(void *symbol)
+{
+    LPCVOID retval = nullptr;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_GetPalModuleBase);
+    ENTRY("PAL_GetPalModuleBase\n");
+
+    if (symbol == nullptr)
+    {
+        TRACE("Can't get base address. Argument symbol == nullptr\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_DATA);
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        Dl_info info;
+        if (dladdr(symbol, &info) != 0)
+        {
+            retval = info.dli_fbase;
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            TRACE("Can't get base address of the current module\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_DATA);
+        }        
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_GetPalModuleBase returns %p\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_GetPalModuleBase);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/* Internal PAL functions *****************************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADInitializeModules
+
+    Initialize the process-wide list of modules
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if initialization succeedded
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+extern "C"
+BOOL LOADInitializeModules()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(exe_module.prev == nullptr);
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&module_critsec);
+
+    // Initialize module for main executable
+    TRACE("Initializing module for main executable\n");
+
+    exe_module.self = (HMODULE)&exe_module;
+    exe_module.dl_handle = dlopen(nullptr, RTLD_LAZY);
+    if (exe_module.dl_handle == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("Executable module will be broken : dlopen(nullptr) failed dlerror message is \"%s\" \n", dlerror());
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    exe_module.lib_name = nullptr;
+    exe_module.refcount = -1;
+    exe_module.next = &exe_module;
+    exe_module.prev = &exe_module;
+    exe_module.pDllMain = nullptr;
+    exe_module.hinstance = nullptr;
+    exe_module.threadLibCalls = TRUE;
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADSetExeName
+
+    Set the exe name path
+
+Parameters :
+    LPWSTR man exe path and name
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE  if initialization succeedded
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+extern "C"
+BOOL LOADSetExeName(LPWSTR name)
+{
+#if RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+    LPSTR pszExeName = nullptr;
+#endif
+    BOOL result = FALSE;
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    // Save the exe path in the exe module struct
+    free(exe_module.lib_name);
+    exe_module.lib_name = name;
+
+    // For platforms where we can't trust the handle to be constant, we need to 
+    // store the inode/device pairs for the modules we just initialized.
+#if RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+    {
+        struct stat stat_buf;
+        pszExeName = UTIL_WCToMB_Alloc(name, -1);
+        if (nullptr == pszExeName)
+        {
+            ERROR("WCToMB failure, unable to get full name of exe\n");
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if (-1 == stat(pszExeName, &stat_buf))
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_MOD_NOT_FOUND);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        TRACE("Executable has inode %d and device %d\n", stat_buf.st_ino, stat_buf.st_dev);
+
+        exe_module.inode = stat_buf.st_ino; 
+        exe_module.device = stat_buf.st_dev;
+    }
+#endif
+    result = TRUE;
+
+#if RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+exit:
+    if (pszExeName)
+    {
+        free(pszExeName);
+    }
+#endif
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADCallDllMain
+
+    Call DllMain for all modules (that have one) with the given "fwReason"
+
+Parameters :
+    DWORD dwReason : parameter to pass down to DllMain, one of DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, 
+        DLL_THREAD_ATTACH, DLL_THREAD_DETACH
+
+    LPVOID lpReserved : parameter to pass down to DllMain
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, lpvReserved is NULL for dynamic loads and non-NULL for static loads.
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, lpvReserved is NULL if DllMain has been called by using FreeLibrary 
+            and non-NULL if DllMain has been called during process termination. 
+
+(no return value)
+
+Notes :
+    This is used to send DLL_THREAD_*TACH messages to modules
+--*/
+extern "C"
+void LOADCallDllMain(DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved)
+{
+    MODSTRUCT *module = nullptr;
+    BOOL InLoadOrder = TRUE; /* true if in load order, false for reverse */
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    if (UserCreatedThread != pThread->GetThreadType())
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Validate dwReason */
+    switch(dwReason)
+    {
+    case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH: 
+        ASSERT("got called with DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH parameter! Why?\n");
+        break;
+    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+        ASSERT("got called with DLL_PROCESS_DETACH parameter! Why?\n");
+        InLoadOrder = FALSE;
+        break;
+    case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
+        TRACE("Calling DllMain(DLL_THREAD_ATTACH) on all known modules.\n");
+        break;
+    case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
+        TRACE("Calling DllMain(DLL_THREAD_DETACH) on all known modules.\n");
+        InLoadOrder = FALSE;
+        break;
+    default:
+        ASSERT("LOADCallDllMain called with unknown parameter %d!\n", dwReason);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    module = &exe_module;
+
+    do
+    {
+        if (!InLoadOrder)
+            module = module->prev;
+
+        if (module->threadLibCalls)
+        {
+            if (module->pDllMain)
+            {
+                LOADCallDllMainSafe(module, dwReason, lpReserved);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (InLoadOrder)
+            module = module->next;
+
+    } while (module != &exe_module);
+
+    UnlockModuleList();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LOADFreeLibrary
+
+Parameters:
+  MODSTRUCT * module - module to free
+  BOOL fCallDllMain - if TRUE, call the DllMain function
+
+Returns:
+  TRUE if successful
+
+--*/
+static BOOL LOADFreeLibrary(MODSTRUCT *module, BOOL fCallDllMain)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    if (terminator)
+    {
+        /* PAL shutdown is in progress - ignore FreeLibrary calls */
+        retval = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (!LOADValidateModule(module))
+    {
+        TRACE("Can't free invalid module %p\n", module);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (module->refcount == -1)
+    {
+        /* special module - never released */
+        retval = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    module->refcount--;
+    TRACE("Reference count for module %p (named %S) decreases to %d\n",
+            module, MODNAME(module), module->refcount);
+
+    if (module->refcount != 0)
+    {
+        retval = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Releasing the last reference : call dlclose(), remove module from the
+       process-wide module list */
+
+    TRACE("Reference count for module %p (named %S) now 0; destroying module structure\n", 
+        module, MODNAME(module));
+
+    /* unlink the module structure from the list */
+    module->prev->next = module->next;
+    module->next->prev = module->prev;
+
+    /* remove the circular reference so that LOADValidateModule will fail */
+    module->self = nullptr;
+
+    /* Call DllMain if the module contains one */
+    if (fCallDllMain && module->pDllMain)
+    {
+        LOADCallDllMainSafe(module, DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, nullptr);
+    }
+
+    if (module->hinstance)
+    {
+        PUNREGISTER_MODULE unregisterModule = (PUNREGISTER_MODULE)dlsym(module->dl_handle, "PAL_UnregisterModule");
+        if (unregisterModule != nullptr)
+        {
+             unregisterModule(module->hinstance);
+        }
+        module->hinstance = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (module->dl_handle && 0 != dlclose(module->dl_handle))
+    {
+        /* report dlclose() failure, but proceed anyway. */
+        WARN("dlclose() call failed! error message is \"%s\"\n", dlerror());
+    }
+
+    /* release all memory */
+    free(module->lib_name);
+    free(module);
+
+    retval = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADCallDllMainSafe
+
+    Exception-safe call to DllMain.
+
+Parameters :
+    MODSTRUCT *module : module whose DllMain must be called
+
+    DWORD dwReason : parameter to pass down to DllMain, one of DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, 
+        DLL_THREAD_ATTACH, DLL_THREAD_DETACH
+
+    LPVOID lpvReserved : parameter to pass down to DllMain,
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, lpvReserved is NULL for dynamic loads and non-NULL for static loads. 
+        If dwReason is DLL_PROCESS_DETACH, lpvReserved is NULL if DllMain has been called by using FreeLibrary 
+            and non-NULL if DllMain has been called during process termination. 
+
+Returns:
+    BOOL : DllMain's return value
+*/
+static BOOL LOADCallDllMainSafe(MODSTRUCT *module, DWORD dwReason, LPVOID lpReserved)
+{
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+    /* reset ENTRY nesting level back to zero while inside the callback... */
+    int old_level = DBG_change_entrylevel(0);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+    
+    struct Param
+    {
+        MODSTRUCT *module;
+        DWORD dwReason;
+        LPVOID lpReserved;
+        BOOL ret;
+    } param;
+    param.module = module;
+    param.dwReason = dwReason;
+    param.lpReserved = lpReserved;
+    param.ret = FALSE;
+
+    PAL_TRY(Param *, pParam, &param)
+    {
+        TRACE("Calling DllMain (%p) for module %S\n",
+              pParam->module->pDllMain, 
+              pParam->module->lib_name ? pParam->module->lib_name : W16_NULLSTRING);
+        
+        {
+            // This module may be foreign to our PAL, so leave our PAL.
+            // If it depends on us, it will re-enter.
+            PAL_LeaveHolder holder;
+            pParam->ret = pParam->module->pDllMain(pParam->module->hinstance, pParam->dwReason, pParam->lpReserved);
+        }
+    }
+    PAL_EXCEPT(EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)
+    {
+        WARN("Call to DllMain (%p) got an unhandled exception; ignoring.\n", module->pDllMain);
+    }
+    PAL_ENDTRY
+
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+    /* ...and set nesting level back to what it was */
+    DBG_change_entrylevel(old_level);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+    return param.ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    DisableThreadLibraryCalls
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+DisableThreadLibraryCalls(
+    IN HMODULE hLibModule)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+    MODSTRUCT *module;
+    PERF_ENTRY(DisableThreadLibraryCalls);
+    ENTRY("DisableThreadLibraryCalls(hLibModule=%p)\n", hLibModule);
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    if (terminator)
+    {
+        /* PAL shutdown in progress - ignore DisableThreadLibraryCalls */
+        ret = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    module = (MODSTRUCT *) hLibModule;
+
+    if (!LOADValidateModule(module))
+    {
+        // DisableThreadLibraryCalls() does nothing when given
+        // an invalid module handle. This matches the Windows
+        // behavior, though it is counter to MSDN.
+        WARN("Invalid module handle %p\n", hLibModule);
+        ret = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    module->threadLibCalls = FALSE;
+    ret = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    UnlockModuleList();
+    LOGEXIT("DisableThreadLibraryCalls returns BOOL %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(DisableThreadLibraryCalls);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+// Checks the library path for null or empty string. On error, calls SetLastError() and returns false.
+template<class TChar>
+static bool LOADVerifyLibraryPath(const TChar *libraryPath)
+{
+    if (libraryPath == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("libraryPath is null\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_MOD_NOT_FOUND);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (libraryPath[0] == '\0')
+    {
+        ERROR("libraryPath is empty\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Converts the wide char library path string into a multibyte-char string. On error, calls SetLastError() and returns false.
+static bool LOADConvertLibraryPathWideStringToMultibyteString(
+    LPCWSTR wideLibraryPath,
+    LPSTR multibyteLibraryPath,
+    INT *multibyteLibraryPathLengthRef)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(multibyteLibraryPathLengthRef != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(wideLibraryPath != nullptr);
+
+    size_t length = (PAL_wcslen(wideLibraryPath)+1) * MaxWCharToAcpLength;
+    *multibyteLibraryPathLengthRef = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wideLibraryPath, -1, multibyteLibraryPath,
+                                                        length, nullptr, nullptr);
+    
+    if (*multibyteLibraryPathLengthRef == 0)
+    {
+        DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+        
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure! error is %d\n", dwLastError);
+        
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADValidateModule
+
+    Check whether the given MODSTRUCT pointer is valid
+
+Parameters :
+    MODSTRUCT *module : module to check
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if module is valid, FALSE otherwise
+
+NOTE :
+    The module lock MUST be owned.
+
+--*/
+static BOOL LOADValidateModule(MODSTRUCT *module)
+{
+    MODSTRUCT *modlist_enum = &exe_module;
+
+    /* enumerate through the list of modules to make sure the given handle is
+       really a module (HMODULEs are actually MODSTRUCT pointers) */
+    do 
+    {
+        if (module == modlist_enum)
+        {
+            /* found it; check its integrity to be on the safe side */
+            if (module->self != module)
+            {
+                ERROR("Found corrupt module %p!\n",module);
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            TRACE("Module %p is valid (name : %S)\n", module, MODNAME(module));
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+        modlist_enum = modlist_enum->next;
+    }
+    while (modlist_enum != &exe_module);
+
+    TRACE("Module %p is NOT valid.\n", module);
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADGetModuleFileName [internal]
+
+    Retrieve the module's full path if it is known, the short name given to
+    LoadLibrary otherwise.
+
+Parameters :
+    MODSTRUCT *module : module to check
+
+Return value :
+    pointer to internal buffer with name of module (Unicode)
+
+Notes :
+    this function assumes that the module critical section is held, and that
+    the module has already been validated.
+--*/
+static LPWSTR LOADGetModuleFileName(MODSTRUCT *module)
+{
+    LPWSTR module_name;
+    /* special case : if module is NULL, we want the name of the executable */
+    if (!module)
+    {
+        module_name = exe_module.lib_name;
+        TRACE("Returning name of main executable\n");
+        return module_name;
+    }
+
+    /* return "real" name of module if it is known. we have this if LoadLibrary
+       was given an absolute or relative path; we can also determine it at the
+       first GetProcAdress call. */
+    TRACE("Returning full path name of module\n");
+    return module->lib_name;
+}
+
+/*
+Function:
+    LOADLoadLibraryDirect [internal]
+
+    Loads a library using a system call, without registering the library with the module list.
+
+Parameters:
+    LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath:           The library to load.
+
+Return value:
+    System handle to the loaded library, or nullptr upon failure (error is set via SetLastError()).
+*/
+static void *LOADLoadLibraryDirect(LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(libraryNameOrPath != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(libraryNameOrPath[0] != '\0');
+
+    void *dl_handle = dlopen(libraryNameOrPath, RTLD_LAZY);
+    if (dl_handle == nullptr)
+    {
+        WARN("dlopen() failed; dlerror says '%s'\n", dlerror());
+        SetLastError(ERROR_MOD_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("dlopen() found module %s\n", libraryNameOrPath);
+    }
+
+    return dl_handle;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADAllocModule
+
+    Allocate and initialize a new MODSTRUCT structure
+
+Parameters :
+    void *dl_handle :   handle returned by dl_open, goes in MODSTRUCT::dl_handle
+    
+    char *name :        name of new module. after conversion to widechar, 
+                        goes in MODSTRUCT::lib_name
+                        
+Return value:
+    a pointer to a new, initialized MODSTRUCT strucutre, or NULL on failure.
+    
+Notes :
+    'name' is used to initialize MODSTRUCT::lib_name. The other member is set to NULL
+    In case of failure (in malloc or MBToWC), this function sets LastError.
+--*/
+static MODSTRUCT *LOADAllocModule(void *dl_handle, LPCSTR name)
+{   
+    MODSTRUCT *module;
+    LPWSTR wide_name;
+
+    /* no match found : try to create a new module structure */
+    module = (MODSTRUCT *)InternalMalloc(sizeof(MODSTRUCT));
+    if (nullptr == module)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc() failed! errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    wide_name = UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc(name, -1);
+    if (nullptr == wide_name)
+    {
+        ERROR("couldn't convert name to a wide-character string\n");
+        free(module);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    module->dl_handle = dl_handle;
+#if NEED_DLCOMPAT
+    if (isdylib(module))
+    {
+        module->refcount = -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        module->refcount = 1;
+    }
+#else   // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+    module->refcount = 1;
+#endif  // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+    module->self = module;
+    module->hinstance = nullptr;
+    module->threadLibCalls = TRUE;
+    module->pDllMain = nullptr;
+    module->next = nullptr;
+    module->prev = nullptr;
+
+    module->lib_name = wide_name;
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+/*
+Function:
+    LOADAddModule [internal]
+
+    Registers a system handle to a loaded library with the module list.
+
+Parameters:
+    void *dl_handle:                    System handle to the loaded library.
+    LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath:           The library that was loaded.
+
+Return value:
+    PAL handle to the loaded library, or nullptr upon failure (error is set via SetLastError()).
+*/
+static MODSTRUCT *LOADAddModule(void *dl_handle, LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(dl_handle != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(libraryNameOrPath != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(libraryNameOrPath[0] != '\0');
+
+#if !RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+    /* search module list for a match. */
+    MODSTRUCT *module = &exe_module;
+    do
+    {
+        if (dl_handle == module->dl_handle)
+        {   
+            /* found the handle. increment the refcount and return the 
+               existing module structure */
+            TRACE("Found matching module %p for module name %s\n", module, libraryNameOrPath);
+
+            if (module->refcount != -1)
+            {
+                module->refcount++;
+            }
+            dlclose(dl_handle);
+            return module;
+        }
+        module = module->next;
+
+    } while (module != &exe_module);
+#endif
+
+    TRACE("Module doesn't exist : creating %s.\n", libraryNameOrPath);
+
+    module = LOADAllocModule(dl_handle, libraryNameOrPath);
+    if (nullptr == module)
+    {
+        ERROR("couldn't create new module\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        dlclose(dl_handle);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /* We now get the address of DllMain if the module contains one. */
+    module->pDllMain = (PDLLMAIN)dlsym(module->dl_handle, "DllMain");
+
+    /* Add the new module on to the end of the list */
+    module->prev = exe_module.prev;
+    module->next = &exe_module;
+    exe_module.prev->next = module;
+    exe_module.prev = module;
+
+#if RETURNS_NEW_HANDLES_ON_REPEAT_DLOPEN
+    module->inode = stat_buf.st_ino; 
+    module->device = stat_buf.st_dev;
+#endif
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+/*
+Function:
+    LOADRegisterLibraryDirect [internal]
+
+    Registers a system handle to a loaded library with the module list.
+
+Parameters:
+    void *dl_handle:                    System handle to the loaded library.
+    LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath:           The library that was loaded.
+    BOOL fDynamic:                      TRUE if dynamic load through LoadLibrary, FALSE if static load through RegisterLibrary.
+
+Return value:
+    PAL handle to the loaded library, or nullptr upon failure (error is set via SetLastError()).
+*/
+static HMODULE LOADRegisterLibraryDirect(void *dl_handle, LPCSTR libraryNameOrPath, BOOL fDynamic)
+{
+    MODSTRUCT *module = LOADAddModule(dl_handle, libraryNameOrPath);
+    if (module == nullptr)
+    {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /* If the module contains a DllMain, call it. */
+    if (module->pDllMain)
+    {
+        TRACE("Calling DllMain (%p) for module %S\n",
+            module->pDllMain,
+            module->lib_name ? module->lib_name : W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+        if (nullptr == module->hinstance)
+        {
+            PREGISTER_MODULE registerModule = (PREGISTER_MODULE)dlsym(module->dl_handle, "PAL_RegisterModule");
+            if (registerModule != nullptr)
+            {
+                module->hinstance = registerModule(libraryNameOrPath);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If the target module doesn't have the PAL_RegisterModule export, then use this PAL's
+                // module handle assuming that the target module is referencing this PAL's exported 
+                // functions on said handle.
+                module->hinstance = (HINSTANCE)module;
+            }
+        }
+
+        BOOL dllMainRetVal = LOADCallDllMainSafe(module, DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, fDynamic ? nullptr : (LPVOID)-1);
+
+        // If DlMain(DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH) returns FALSE, we must immediately unload the module
+        if (!dllMainRetVal)
+        {
+            ERROR("DllMain returned FALSE; unloading module.\n");
+            module->pDllMain = nullptr;
+            FreeLibrary((HMODULE)module);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+            module = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("Module does not contain a DllMain function.\n");
+    }
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADLoadLibrary [internal]
+
+    implementation of LoadLibrary (for use by the A/W variants)
+
+Parameters :
+    LPSTR shortAsciiName : name of module as specified to LoadLibrary
+
+    BOOL fDynamic : TRUE if dynamic load through LoadLibrary, FALSE if static load through RegisterLibrary
+
+Return value :
+    handle to loaded module
+
+--*/
+static HMODULE LOADLoadLibrary(LPCSTR shortAsciiName, BOOL fDynamic)
+{
+    HMODULE module = nullptr;
+    void *dl_handle = nullptr;
+
+    // Check whether we have been requested to load 'libc'. If that's the case, then:
+    // * For Linux, use the full name of the library that is defined in <gnu/lib-names.h> by the
+    //   LIBC_SO constant. The problem is that calling dlopen("libc.so") will fail for libc even
+    //   though it works for other libraries. The reason is that libc.so is just linker script
+    //   (i.e. a test file).
+    //   As a result, we have to use the full name (i.e. lib.so.6) that is defined by LIBC_SO.
+    // * For macOS, use constant value absolute path "/usr/lib/libc.dylib".
+    // * For FreeBSD, use constant value "libc.so.7".
+    // * For rest of Unices, use constant value "libc.so".
+    if (strcmp(shortAsciiName, LIBC_NAME_WITHOUT_EXTENSION) == 0)
+    {
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+        shortAsciiName = "/usr/lib/libc.dylib";
+#elif defined(__FreeBSD__)
+        shortAsciiName = "libc.so.7";
+#elif defined(LIBC_SO)
+        shortAsciiName = LIBC_SO;
+#else
+        shortAsciiName = "libc.so";
+#endif
+    }
+
+    LockModuleList();
+
+    dl_handle = LOADLoadLibraryDirect(shortAsciiName);
+    if (dl_handle)
+    {
+        module = LOADRegisterLibraryDirect(dl_handle, shortAsciiName, fDynamic);
+    }
+
+    UnlockModuleList();
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+/*++
+    LOADInitializeCoreCLRModule
+
+    Run the initialization methods for CoreCLR module (the module containing this PAL).
+
+Parameters:
+    None
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if successful
+    FALSE if failure
+--*/
+BOOL LOADInitializeCoreCLRModule()
+{
+    MODSTRUCT *module = LOADGetPalLibrary();
+    if (!module)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can not load the PAL module\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    PDLLMAIN pRuntimeDllMain = (PDLLMAIN)dlsym(module->dl_handle, "CoreDllMain");
+    if (!pRuntimeDllMain)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can not find the CoreDllMain entry point\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    return pRuntimeDllMain(module->hinstance, DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH, nullptr);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    LOADGetPalLibrary
+
+    Load and initialize the PAL module.
+
+Parameters :
+    None
+
+Return value :
+    pointer to module struct
+
+--*/
+MODSTRUCT *LOADGetPalLibrary()
+{
+    if (pal_module == nullptr)
+    {
+        // Initialize the pal module (the module containing LOADGetPalLibrary). Assumes that 
+        // the PAL is linked into the coreclr module because we use the module name containing 
+        // this function for the coreclr path.
+        TRACE("Loading module for PAL library\n");
+
+        Dl_info info;
+        if (dladdr((PVOID)&LOADGetPalLibrary, &info) == 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("LOADGetPalLibrary: dladdr() failed. dlerror message is \"%s\"\n", dlerror());
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        // Stash a copy of the CoreCLR installation path in a global variable.
+        // Make sure it's terminated with a slash.
+        if (g_szCoreCLRPath == nullptr)
+        {
+            size_t  cbszCoreCLRPath = strlen(info.dli_fname) + 1;
+            g_szCoreCLRPath = (char*) InternalMalloc(cbszCoreCLRPath);
+
+            if (g_szCoreCLRPath == nullptr)
+            {
+                ERROR("LOADGetPalLibrary: InternalMalloc failed!");
+                goto exit;
+            }
+
+            if (strcpy_s(g_szCoreCLRPath, cbszCoreCLRPath, info.dli_fname) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("LOADGetPalLibrary: strcpy_s failed!");
+                goto exit;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        pal_module = (MODSTRUCT *)LOADLoadLibrary(info.dli_fname, FALSE);
+    }
+
+exit:
+    return pal_module;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LockModuleList
+
+Abstract
+  Enter the critical section associated to the module list
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+extern "C"
+void LockModuleList()
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : nullptr);
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &module_critsec);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UnlockModuleList
+
+Abstract
+  Leave the critical section associated to the module list
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+extern "C"
+void UnlockModuleList()
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : nullptr);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &module_critsec);
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/loader/modulename.cpp b/src/pal/src/loader/modulename.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..026f89b3ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/loader/modulename.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    modulename.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of internal functions to get module names
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/modulename.h"
+
+#if NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include "dlcompat.h"
+#else   // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif  // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+
+#if defined(_AIX)
+#include <sys/ldr.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(LOADER);
+
+#if defined(_AIX)
+/*++
+    GetLibRotorNameViaLoadQuery
+
+    Retrieve the full path of the librotor_pal.so using loadquery()
+
+Parameters:
+    pszBuf - CHAR array of MAX_PATH_FNAME length
+
+Return value:
+    0 on success
+    -1 on failure, with last error set
+--*/
+int GetLibRotorNameViaLoadQuery(LPSTR pszBuf)
+{
+    CHAR*               pLoadQueryBuf = NULL;
+    UINT                cbBuf = 1024;
+    struct ld_info *    pInfo = NULL;
+    INT                 iLQRetVal = -1;
+    INT                 iRetVal = -1;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+
+    if (!pszBuf)
+    {
+        ASSERT("GetLibRotorNameViaLoadQuery requires non-NULL pszBuf\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto Done;
+    }
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    // Loop trying to call loadquery with enough memory until either 
+    // 1) we succeed, 2) we run out of memory or 3) loadquery throws
+    // an error other than ENOMEM
+    while (iLQRetVal != 0)
+    {
+        pLoadQueryBuf = (CHAR*) InternalMalloc (pThread, cbBuf * sizeof(char));
+        if (!pLoadQueryBuf)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto Done;
+        }
+        iLQRetVal = loadquery(L_GETINFO, pLoadQueryBuf, cbBuf);
+        if (iLQRetVal < 0)
+        {
+            free(pThread, pLoadQueryBuf);
+            pLoadQueryBuf = NULL;
+            DWORD dwLastError = GetLastError();
+            if (dwLastError == ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY)
+            {
+                // The buffer's too small.  Try twice as large as a guess...
+                cbBuf *= 2;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                goto Done;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We successfully called loadquery, so now see if we can find 
+    // librotor_pal.a in the module list
+    if (pLoadQueryBuf)
+    {
+        pInfo = (struct ld_info *)pLoadQueryBuf;        
+        while (TRUE)
+        {  
+            if (strstr(pInfo->ldinfo_filename, "librotor_pal.a"))
+            {
+                UINT cchFileName = strlen(pInfo->ldinfo_filename);
+                if (cchFileName + 1  > MAX_PATH_FNAME)
+                {
+                    ASSERT("Filename returned by loadquery was longer than MAX_PATH_FNAME!\n");
+                    SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                    goto Done;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // The buffer should be large enough to accomodate the filename.
+                    // So, we send in the size of the filename+1
+                    strcpy_s(pszBuf, MAX_PATH_FNAME, pInfo->ldinfo_filename);
+                    iRetVal = 0;
+                    goto Done;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // The (wacky) design of ld_info is that the value of next is an offset in 
+                // bytes rather than a pointer.  So we need this weird cast to char * to get
+                // the pointer math correct.
+                if (pInfo->ldinfo_next == 0)
+                    break;
+                else
+                    pInfo = (struct ld_info *) ((char *)pInfo + pInfo->ldinfo_next);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+Done:
+    if (pLoadQueryBuf)
+        free(pThread, pLoadQueryBuf);
+    return iRetVal;
+}
+#endif // defined(_AIX)
+
+/*++
+    PAL_dladdr
+
+    Internal wrapper for dladder used only to get module name
+
+Parameters:
+    None
+
+Return value:
+    Pointer to string with the fullpath to the librotor_pal.so being
+    used.
+
+    NULL if error occurred.
+
+Notes: 
+    The string returned by this function is owned by the OS.
+    If you need to keep it, strdup() it, because it is unknown how long
+    this ptr will point at the string you want (over the lifetime of
+    the system running)  It is only safe to use it immediately after calling
+    this function.
+--*/
+const char *PAL_dladdr(LPVOID ProcAddress)
+{
+#if defined(_AIX) || defined(__hppa__)
+    /* dladdr is not supported on AIX or 32-bit HPUX-PARISC */
+    return (NULL);
+#elif defined(_HPUX_) && defined(_IA64_)
+    /* dladdr is not supported on HP-UX/IA64.  That said, PAL_dladdr just returns to module name
+       and we can get that via dlgetname.  So use that for HPUX.  */
+    {
+        char*               pszName = NULL;
+        load_module_desc    desc;
+        __uint64_t          uimodret = NULL;
+        uimodret = dlmodinfo((__uint64_t)ProcAddress, &desc, sizeof(desc), NULL, 0, 0);
+        if (!uimodret)
+        {
+            WARN("dlmodinfo call failed! dlerror says '%s'\n", dlerror());
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        pszName = dlgetname(&desc, sizeof(desc), NULL, 0, 0);
+        if (!pszName)
+        {
+            WARN("dlgetname desc didn't describe a loaded module?! dlerror says '%s'\n", dlerror());
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return pszName;
+    }
+#else
+    Dl_info dl_info;
+    if (!dladdr(ProcAddress, &dl_info))
+    {
+        WARN("dladdr() call failed! dlerror says '%s'\n", dlerror());
+        /* If we get an error, return NULL */
+        return (NULL);
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        /* Return the module name */ 
+        return dl_info.dli_fname;
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/locale/UnicodeData.txt b/src/pal/src/locale/UnicodeData.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a137245b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/locale/UnicodeData.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,12860 @@
+0000;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;NULL;;;;
+0001;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;START OF HEADING;;;;
+0002;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;START OF TEXT;;;;
+0003;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF TEXT;;;;
+0004;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF TRANSMISSION;;;;
+0005;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;ENQUIRY;;;;
+0006;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;ACKNOWLEDGE;;;;
+0007;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;BELL;;;;
+0008;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;BACKSPACE;;;;
+0009;<control>;Cc;0;S;;;;;N;HORIZONTAL TABULATION;;;;
+000A;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;LINE FEED;;;;
+000B;<control>;Cc;0;S;;;;;N;VERTICAL TABULATION;;;;
+000C;<control>;Cc;0;WS;;;;;N;FORM FEED;;;;
+000D;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;CARRIAGE RETURN;;;;
+000E;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SHIFT OUT;;;;
+000F;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SHIFT IN;;;;
+0010;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DATA LINK ESCAPE;;;;
+0011;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DEVICE CONTROL ONE;;;;
+0012;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DEVICE CONTROL TWO;;;;
+0013;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DEVICE CONTROL THREE;;;;
+0014;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DEVICE CONTROL FOUR;;;;
+0015;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE;;;;
+0016;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SYNCHRONOUS IDLE;;;;
+0017;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK;;;;
+0018;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;CANCEL;;;;
+0019;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF MEDIUM;;;;
+001A;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SUBSTITUTE;;;;
+001B;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;ESCAPE;;;;
+001C;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;FILE SEPARATOR;;;;
+001D;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;GROUP SEPARATOR;;;;
+001E;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;RECORD SEPARATOR;;;;
+001F;<control>;Cc;0;S;;;;;N;UNIT SEPARATOR;;;;
+0020;SPACE;Zs;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
+0021;EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0022;QUOTATION MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0023;NUMBER SIGN;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+0024;DOLLAR SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+0025;PERCENT SIGN;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+0026;AMPERSAND;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0027;APOSTROPHE;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;APOSTROPHE-QUOTE;;;;
+0028;LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+0029;RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+002A;ASTERISK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+002B;PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+002C;COMMA;Po;0;CS;;;;;N;;;;;
+002D;HYPHEN-MINUS;Pd;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+002E;FULL STOP;Po;0;CS;;;;;N;PERIOD;;;;
+002F;SOLIDUS;Po;0;ES;;;;;N;SLASH;;;;
+0030;DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0031;DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0032;DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0033;DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0034;DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0035;DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0036;DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0037;DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0038;DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0039;DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+003A;COLON;Po;0;CS;;;;;N;;;;;
+003B;SEMICOLON;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+003C;LESS-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+003D;EQUALS SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+003E;GREATER-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+003F;QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0040;COMMERCIAL AT;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0041;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0061;
+0042;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0062;
+0043;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0063;
+0044;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0064;
+0045;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0065;
+0046;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0066;
+0047;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0067;
+0048;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0068;
+0049;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0069;
+004A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006A;
+004B;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006B;
+004C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006C;
+004D;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006D;
+004E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006E;
+004F;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;006F;
+0050;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0070;
+0051;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0071;
+0052;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0072;
+0053;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0073;
+0054;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0074;
+0055;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0075;
+0056;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0076;
+0057;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0077;
+0058;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0078;
+0059;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0079;
+005A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;007A;
+005B;LEFT SQUARE BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+005C;REVERSE SOLIDUS;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;BACKSLASH;;;;
+005D;RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+005E;CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;SPACING CIRCUMFLEX;;;;
+005F;LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;;;;;N;SPACING UNDERSCORE;;;;
+0060;GRAVE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;SPACING GRAVE;;;;
+0061;LATIN SMALL LETTER A;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0041;;0041
+0062;LATIN SMALL LETTER B;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0042;;0042
+0063;LATIN SMALL LETTER C;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0043;;0043
+0064;LATIN SMALL LETTER D;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0044;;0044
+0065;LATIN SMALL LETTER E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0045;;0045
+0066;LATIN SMALL LETTER F;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0046;;0046
+0067;LATIN SMALL LETTER G;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0047;;0047
+0068;LATIN SMALL LETTER H;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0048;;0048
+0069;LATIN SMALL LETTER I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0049;;0049
+006A;LATIN SMALL LETTER J;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004A;;004A
+006B;LATIN SMALL LETTER K;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004B;;004B
+006C;LATIN SMALL LETTER L;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004C;;004C
+006D;LATIN SMALL LETTER M;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004D;;004D
+006E;LATIN SMALL LETTER N;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004E;;004E
+006F;LATIN SMALL LETTER O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;004F;;004F
+0070;LATIN SMALL LETTER P;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0050;;0050
+0071;LATIN SMALL LETTER Q;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0051;;0051
+0072;LATIN SMALL LETTER R;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0052;;0052
+0073;LATIN SMALL LETTER S;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0053;;0053
+0074;LATIN SMALL LETTER T;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0054;;0054
+0075;LATIN SMALL LETTER U;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0055;;0055
+0076;LATIN SMALL LETTER V;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0056;;0056
+0077;LATIN SMALL LETTER W;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0057;;0057
+0078;LATIN SMALL LETTER X;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0058;;0058
+0079;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0059;;0059
+007A;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;005A;;005A
+007B;LEFT CURLY BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+007C;VERTICAL LINE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;VERTICAL BAR;;;;
+007D;RIGHT CURLY BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+007E;TILDE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+007F;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DELETE;;;;
+0080;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+0081;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+0082;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;BREAK PERMITTED HERE;;;;
+0083;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;NO BREAK HERE;;;;
+0084;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+0085;<control>;Cc;0;B;;;;;N;NEXT LINE;;;;
+0086;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;START OF SELECTED AREA;;;;
+0087;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF SELECTED AREA;;;;
+0088;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;CHARACTER TABULATION SET;;;;
+0089;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION;;;;
+008A;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;LINE TABULATION SET;;;;
+008B;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;PARTIAL LINE DOWN;;;;
+008C;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;PARTIAL LINE UP;;;;
+008D;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;REVERSE LINE FEED;;;;
+008E;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SINGLE SHIFT TWO;;;;
+008F;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SINGLE SHIFT THREE;;;;
+0090;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;DEVICE CONTROL STRING;;;;
+0091;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;PRIVATE USE ONE;;;;
+0092;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;PRIVATE USE TWO;;;;
+0093;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SET TRANSMIT STATE;;;;
+0094;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;CANCEL CHARACTER;;;;
+0095;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;MESSAGE WAITING;;;;
+0096;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;START OF GUARDED AREA;;;;
+0097;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;END OF GUARDED AREA;;;;
+0098;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;START OF STRING;;;;
+0099;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+009A;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER;;;;
+009B;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER;;;;
+009C;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;STRING TERMINATOR;;;;
+009D;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND;;;;
+009E;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;PRIVACY MESSAGE;;;;
+009F;<control>;Cc;0;BN;;;;;N;APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND;;;;
+00A0;NO-BREAK SPACE;Zs;0;CS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;NON-BREAKING SPACE;;;;
+00A1;INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A2;CENT SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A3;POUND SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A4;CURRENCY SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A5;YEN SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A6;BROKEN BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BROKEN VERTICAL BAR;;;;
+00A7;SECTION SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00A8;DIAERESIS;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0308;;;;N;SPACING DIAERESIS;;;;
+00A9;COPYRIGHT SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00AA;FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR;Ll;0;L;<super> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+00AB;LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;Y;LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET;*;;;
+00AC;NOT SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00AD;SOFT HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00AE;REGISTERED SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;REGISTERED TRADE MARK SIGN;;;;
+00AF;MACRON;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0304;;;;N;SPACING MACRON;;;;
+00B0;DEGREE SIGN;So;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+00B1;PLUS-MINUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;;;;;N;PLUS-OR-MINUS SIGN;;;;
+00B2;SUPERSCRIPT TWO;No;0;EN;<super> 0032;2;2;2;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT TWO;;;;
+00B3;SUPERSCRIPT THREE;No;0;EN;<super> 0033;3;3;3;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT THREE;;;;
+00B4;ACUTE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0301;;;;N;SPACING ACUTE;;;;
+00B5;MICRO SIGN;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03BC;;;;N;;;039C;;039C
+00B6;PILCROW SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;PARAGRAPH SIGN;;;;
+00B7;MIDDLE DOT;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00B8;CEDILLA;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0327;;;;N;SPACING CEDILLA;;;;
+00B9;SUPERSCRIPT ONE;No;0;EN;<super> 0031;1;1;1;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT ONE;;;;
+00BA;MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR;Ll;0;L;<super> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+00BB;RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pf;0;ON;;;;;Y;RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET;*;;;
+00BC;VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0034;;;1/4;N;FRACTION ONE QUARTER;;;;
+00BD;VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0032;;;1/2;N;FRACTION ONE HALF;;;;
+00BE;VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0033 2044 0034;;;3/4;N;FRACTION THREE QUARTERS;;;;
+00BF;INVERTED QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00C0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0041 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A GRAVE;;;00E0;
+00C1;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0041 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A ACUTE;;;00E1;
+00C2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0041 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX;;;00E2;
+00C3;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0041 0303;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A TILDE;;;00E3;
+00C4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0041 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A DIAERESIS;;;00E4;
+00C5;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0041 030A;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A RING;;;00E5;
+00C6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A E;ash *;;00E6;
+00C7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0043 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C CEDILLA;;;00E7;
+00C8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E GRAVE;;;00E8;
+00C9;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0045 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E ACUTE;;;00E9;
+00CA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0045 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX;;;00EA;
+00CB;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0045 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DIAERESIS;;;00EB;
+00CC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0049 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I GRAVE;;;00EC;
+00CD;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0049 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I ACUTE;;;00ED;
+00CE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0049 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX;;;00EE;
+00CF;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0049 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DIAERESIS;;;00EF;
+00D0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Icelandic;;00F0;
+00D1;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;004E 0303;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N TILDE;;;00F1;
+00D2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;004F 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O GRAVE;;;00F2;
+00D3;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004F 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O ACUTE;;;00F3;
+00D4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;004F 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX;;;00F4;
+00D5;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;004F 0303;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O TILDE;;;00F5;
+00D6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;004F 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O DIAERESIS;;;00F6;
+00D7;MULTIPLICATION SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00D8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O SLASH;;;00F8;
+00D9;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0055 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U GRAVE;;;00F9;
+00DA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0055 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U ACUTE;;;00FA;
+00DB;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0055 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX;;;00FB;
+00DC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0055 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS;;;00FC;
+00DD;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0059 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y ACUTE;;;00FD;
+00DE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Icelandic;;00FE;
+00DF;LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;German;;;
+00E0;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0061 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A GRAVE;;00C0;;00C0
+00E1;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0061 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A ACUTE;;00C1;;00C1
+00E2;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0061 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A CIRCUMFLEX;;00C2;;00C2
+00E3;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0061 0303;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A TILDE;;00C3;;00C3
+00E4;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0061 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A DIAERESIS;;00C4;;00C4
+00E5;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0061 030A;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A RING;;00C5;;00C5
+00E6;LATIN SMALL LETTER AE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A E;ash *;00C6;;00C6
+00E7;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0063 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C CEDILLA;;00C7;;00C7
+00E8;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0065 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E GRAVE;;00C8;;00C8
+00E9;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0065 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E ACUTE;;00C9;;00C9
+00EA;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0065 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E CIRCUMFLEX;;00CA;;00CA
+00EB;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0065 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E DIAERESIS;;00CB;;00CB
+00EC;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0069 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I GRAVE;;00CC;;00CC
+00ED;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0069 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I ACUTE;;00CD;;00CD
+00EE;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0069 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I CIRCUMFLEX;;00CE;;00CE
+00EF;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0069 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I DIAERESIS;;00CF;;00CF
+00F0;LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Icelandic;00D0;;00D0
+00F1;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;006E 0303;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N TILDE;;00D1;;00D1
+00F2;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;006F 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O GRAVE;;00D2;;00D2
+00F3;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006F 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O ACUTE;;00D3;;00D3
+00F4;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;006F 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O CIRCUMFLEX;;00D4;;00D4
+00F5;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;006F 0303;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O TILDE;;00D5;;00D5
+00F6;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;006F 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O DIAERESIS;;00D6;;00D6
+00F7;DIVISION SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+00F8;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O SLASH;;00D8;;00D8
+00F9;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0075 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U GRAVE;;00D9;;00D9
+00FA;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0075 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U ACUTE;;00DA;;00DA
+00FB;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0075 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U CIRCUMFLEX;;00DB;;00DB
+00FC;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0075 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS;;00DC;;00DC
+00FD;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0079 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y ACUTE;;00DD;;00DD
+00FE;LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Icelandic;00DE;;00DE
+00FF;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0079 0308;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y DIAERESIS;;0178;;0178
+0100;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0041 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A MACRON;;;0101;
+0101;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0061 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A MACRON;;0100;;0100
+0102;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0041 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A BREVE;;;0103;
+0103;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0061 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A BREVE;;0102;;0102
+0104;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH OGONEK;Lu;0;L;0041 0328;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A OGONEK;;;0105;
+0105;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK;Ll;0;L;0061 0328;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A OGONEK;;0104;;0104
+0106;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0043 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C ACUTE;;;0107;
+0107;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0063 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C ACUTE;;0106;;0106
+0108;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0043 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C CIRCUMFLEX;;;0109;
+0109;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0063 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C CIRCUMFLEX;;0108;;0108
+010A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0043 0307;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C DOT;;;010B;
+010B;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0063 0307;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C DOT;;010A;;010A
+010C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0043 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C HACEK;;;010D;
+010D;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0063 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C HACEK;;010C;;010C
+010E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0044 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D HACEK;;;010F;
+010F;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0064 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D HACEK;;010E;;010E
+0110;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D BAR;;;0111;
+0111;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D BAR;;0110;;0110
+0112;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0045 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E MACRON;;;0113;
+0113;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0065 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E MACRON;;0112;;0112
+0114;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E BREVE;;;0115;
+0115;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0065 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E BREVE;;0114;;0114
+0116;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0307;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E DOT;;;0117;
+0117;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0065 0307;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E DOT;;0116;;0116
+0118;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH OGONEK;Lu;0;L;0045 0328;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E OGONEK;;;0119;
+0119;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK;Ll;0;L;0065 0328;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E OGONEK;;0118;;0118
+011A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0045 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E HACEK;;;011B;
+011B;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0065 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER E HACEK;;011A;;011A
+011C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0047 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G CIRCUMFLEX;;;011D;
+011D;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0067 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G CIRCUMFLEX;;011C;;011C
+011E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0047 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G BREVE;;;011F;
+011F;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0067 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G BREVE;;011E;;011E
+0120;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0047 0307;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G DOT;;;0121;
+0121;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0067 0307;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G DOT;;0120;;0120
+0122;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0047 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G CEDILLA;;;0123;
+0123;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0067 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G CEDILLA;;0122;;0122
+0124;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0048 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H CIRCUMFLEX;;;0125;
+0125;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0068 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER H CIRCUMFLEX;;0124;;0124
+0126;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H BAR;;;0127;
+0127;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER H BAR;;0126;;0126
+0128;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0049 0303;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I TILDE;;;0129;
+0129;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0069 0303;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I TILDE;;0128;;0128
+012A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0049 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I MACRON;;;012B;
+012B;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0069 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I MACRON;;012A;;012A
+012C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0049 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I BREVE;;;012D;
+012D;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0069 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I BREVE;;012C;;012C
+012E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH OGONEK;Lu;0;L;0049 0328;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I OGONEK;;;012F;
+012F;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK;Ll;0;L;0069 0328;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I OGONEK;;012E;;012E
+0130;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0049 0307;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I DOT;;;0069;
+0131;LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0049;;0049
+0132;LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE IJ;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0049 004A;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I J;;;0133;
+0133;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE IJ;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0069 006A;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I J;;0132;;0132
+0134;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;004A 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J CIRCUMFLEX;;;0135;
+0135;LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;006A 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER J CIRCUMFLEX;;0134;;0134
+0136;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;004B 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K CEDILLA;;;0137;
+0137;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;006B 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER K CEDILLA;;0136;;0136
+0138;LATIN SMALL LETTER KRA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Greenlandic;;;
+0139;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004C 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L ACUTE;;;013A;
+013A;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006C 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L ACUTE;;0139;;0139
+013B;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;004C 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L CEDILLA;;;013C;
+013C;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;006C 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L CEDILLA;;013B;;013B
+013D;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;004C 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L HACEK;;;013E;
+013E;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;006C 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L HACEK;;013D;;013D
+013F;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT;Lu;0;L;<compat> 004C 00B7;;;;N;;;;0140;
+0140;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE DOT;Ll;0;L;<compat> 006C 00B7;;;;N;;;013F;;013F
+0141;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L SLASH;;;0142;
+0142;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L SLASH;;0141;;0141
+0143;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004E 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N ACUTE;;;0144;
+0144;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006E 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N ACUTE;;0143;;0143
+0145;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;004E 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N CEDILLA;;;0146;
+0146;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;006E 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N CEDILLA;;0145;;0145
+0147;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;004E 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N HACEK;;;0148;
+0148;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;006E 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N HACEK;;0147;;0147
+0149;LATIN SMALL LETTER N PRECEDED BY APOSTROPHE;Ll;0;L;<compat> 02BC 006E;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER APOSTROPHE N;;;;
+014A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ENG;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Sami;;014B;
+014B;LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Sami;014A;;014A
+014C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;004F 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O MACRON;;;014D;
+014D;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;006F 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O MACRON;;014C;;014C
+014E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;004F 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O BREVE;;;014F;
+014F;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;006F 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O BREVE;;014E;;014E
+0150;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004F 030B;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O DOUBLE ACUTE;;;0151;
+0151;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006F 030B;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O DOUBLE ACUTE;;0150;;0150
+0152;LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O E;;;0153;
+0153;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O E;;0152;;0152
+0154;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0052 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R ACUTE;;;0155;
+0155;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0072 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER R ACUTE;;0154;;0154
+0156;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0052 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R CEDILLA;;;0157;
+0157;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0072 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER R CEDILLA;;0156;;0156
+0158;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0052 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R HACEK;;;0159;
+0159;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0072 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER R HACEK;;0158;;0158
+015A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0053 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S ACUTE;;;015B;
+015B;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0073 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER S ACUTE;;015A;;015A
+015C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0053 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CIRCUMFLEX;;;015D;
+015D;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0073 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER S CIRCUMFLEX;;015C;;015C
+015E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0053 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S CEDILLA;*;;015F;
+015F;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0073 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER S CEDILLA;*;015E;;015E
+0160;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0053 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S HACEK;;;0161;
+0161;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0073 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER S HACEK;;0160;;0160
+0162;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0054 0327;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T CEDILLA;*;;0163;
+0163;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0074 0327;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T CEDILLA;*;0162;;0162
+0164;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0054 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T HACEK;;;0165;
+0165;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0074 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T HACEK;;0164;;0164
+0166;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T BAR;;;0167;
+0167;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T BAR;;0166;;0166
+0168;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0055 0303;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U TILDE;;;0169;
+0169;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0075 0303;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U TILDE;;0168;;0168
+016A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0055 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U MACRON;;;016B;
+016B;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0075 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U MACRON;;016A;;016A
+016C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0055 0306;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U BREVE;;;016D;
+016D;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0075 0306;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U BREVE;;016C;;016C
+016E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0055 030A;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U RING;;;016F;
+016F;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0075 030A;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U RING;;016E;;016E
+0170;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0055 030B;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DOUBLE ACUTE;;;0171;
+0171;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0075 030B;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DOUBLE ACUTE;;0170;;0170
+0172;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH OGONEK;Lu;0;L;0055 0328;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U OGONEK;;;0173;
+0173;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK;Ll;0;L;0075 0328;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U OGONEK;;0172;;0172
+0174;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0057 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W CIRCUMFLEX;;;0175;
+0175;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0077 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER W CIRCUMFLEX;;0174;;0174
+0176;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;0059 0302;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y CIRCUMFLEX;;;0177;
+0177;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;0079 0302;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y CIRCUMFLEX;;0176;;0176
+0178;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0059 0308;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y DIAERESIS;;;00FF;
+0179;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;005A 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z ACUTE;;;017A;
+017A;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;007A 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z ACUTE;;0179;;0179
+017B;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;005A 0307;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z DOT;;;017C;
+017C;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;007A 0307;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z DOT;;017B;;017B
+017D;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;005A 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z HACEK;;;017E;
+017E;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;007A 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z HACEK;;017D;;017D
+017F;LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0073;;;;N;;;0053;;0053
+0180;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER B BAR;;;;
+0181;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B HOOK;;;0253;
+0182;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B TOPBAR;;;0183;
+0183;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH TOPBAR;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER B TOPBAR;;0182;;0182
+0184;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE SIX;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0185;
+0185;LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE SIX;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0184;;0184
+0186;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0254;
+0187;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C HOOK;;;0188;
+0188;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C HOOK;;0187;;0187
+0189;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AFRICAN D;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;*;;0256;
+018A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D HOOK;;;0257;
+018B;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D TOPBAR;;;018C;
+018C;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TOPBAR;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D TOPBAR;;018B;;018B
+018D;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED DELTA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+018E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED E;;;01DD;
+018F;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0259;
+0190;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OPEN E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON;;;025B;
+0191;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F HOOK;;;0192;
+0192;LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT F;;0191;;0191
+0193;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G HOOK;;;0260;
+0194;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0263;
+0195;LATIN SMALL LETTER HV;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER H V;hwair;01F6;;01F6
+0196;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0269;
+0197;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED I;;;0268;
+0198;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K HOOK;;;0199;
+0199;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER K HOOK;;0198;;0198
+019A;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BAR;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED L;;;;
+019B;LATIN SMALL LETTER LAMBDA WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED LAMBDA;;;;
+019C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TURNED M;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;026F;
+019D;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N HOOK;;;0272;
+019E;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LONG RIGHT LEG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+019F;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MIDDLE TILDE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O;*;;0275;
+01A0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN;Lu;0;L;004F 031B;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O HORN;;;01A1;
+01A1;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN;Ll;0;L;006F 031B;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O HORN;;01A0;;01A0
+01A2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O I;gha;;01A3;
+01A3;LATIN SMALL LETTER OI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O I;gha;01A2;;01A2
+01A4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P HOOK;;;01A5;
+01A5;LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER P HOOK;;01A4;;01A4
+01A6;LATIN LETTER YR;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER Y R;*;;0280;
+01A7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE TWO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;01A8;
+01A8;LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE TWO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;01A7;;01A7
+01A9;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ESH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0283;
+01AA;LATIN LETTER REVERSED ESH LOOP;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+01AB;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH PALATAL HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T PALATAL HOOK;;;;
+01AC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T HOOK;;;01AD;
+01AD;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T HOOK;;01AC;;01AC
+01AE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T RETROFLEX HOOK;;;0288;
+01AF;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN;Lu;0;L;0055 031B;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U HORN;;;01B0;
+01B0;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN;Ll;0;L;0075 031B;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U HORN;;01AF;;01AF
+01B1;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;028A;
+01B2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER SCRIPT V;;;028B;
+01B3;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y HOOK;;;01B4;
+01B4;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y HOOK;;01B3;;01B3
+01B5;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z BAR;;;01B6;
+01B6;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z BAR;;01B5;;01B5
+01B7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH;;;0292;
+01B8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH REVERSED;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED YOGH;;;01B9;
+01B9;LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH REVERSED;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED YOGH;;01B8;;01B8
+01BA;LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH TAIL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH WITH TAIL;;;;
+01BB;LATIN LETTER TWO WITH STROKE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER TWO BAR;;;;
+01BC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER TONE FIVE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;01BD;
+01BD;LATIN SMALL LETTER TONE FIVE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;01BC;;01BC
+01BE;LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP BAR;;;;
+01BF;LATIN LETTER WYNN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;01F7;;01F7
+01C0;LATIN LETTER DENTAL CLICK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER PIPE;;;;
+01C1;LATIN LETTER LATERAL CLICK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER DOUBLE PIPE;;;;
+01C2;LATIN LETTER ALVEOLAR CLICK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER PIPE DOUBLE BAR;;;;
+01C3;LATIN LETTER RETROFLEX CLICK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER EXCLAMATION MARK;;;;
+01C4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0044 017D;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D Z HACEK;;;01C6;01C5
+01C5;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON;Lt;0;L;<compat> 0044 017E;;;;N;LATIN LETTER CAPITAL D SMALL Z HACEK;;01C4;01C6;
+01C6;LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0064 017E;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D Z HACEK;;01C4;;01C5
+01C7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER LJ;Lu;0;L;<compat> 004C 004A;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L J;;;01C9;01C8
+01C8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH SMALL LETTER J;Lt;0;L;<compat> 004C 006A;;;;N;LATIN LETTER CAPITAL L SMALL J;;01C7;01C9;
+01C9;LATIN SMALL LETTER LJ;Ll;0;L;<compat> 006C 006A;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L J;;01C7;;01C8
+01CA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER NJ;Lu;0;L;<compat> 004E 004A;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N J;;;01CC;01CB
+01CB;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH SMALL LETTER J;Lt;0;L;<compat> 004E 006A;;;;N;LATIN LETTER CAPITAL N SMALL J;;01CA;01CC;
+01CC;LATIN SMALL LETTER NJ;Ll;0;L;<compat> 006E 006A;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N J;;01CA;;01CB
+01CD;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0041 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A HACEK;;;01CE;
+01CE;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0061 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A HACEK;;01CD;;01CD
+01CF;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0049 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I HACEK;;;01D0;
+01D0;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0069 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER I HACEK;;01CF;;01CF
+01D1;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;004F 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O HACEK;;;01D2;
+01D2;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;006F 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O HACEK;;01D1;;01D1
+01D3;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0055 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U HACEK;;;01D4;
+01D4;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0075 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U HACEK;;01D3;;01D3
+01D5;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;00DC 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS MACRON;;;01D6;
+01D6;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;00FC 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS MACRON;;01D5;;01D5
+01D7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00DC 0301;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS ACUTE;;;01D8;
+01D8;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00FC 0301;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS ACUTE;;01D7;;01D7
+01D9;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON;Lu;0;L;00DC 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS HACEK;;;01DA;
+01DA;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND CARON;Ll;0;L;00FC 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS HACEK;;01D9;;01D9
+01DB;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;00DC 0300;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U DIAERESIS GRAVE;;;01DC;
+01DC;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;00FC 0300;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER U DIAERESIS GRAVE;;01DB;;01DB
+01DD;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;018E;;018E
+01DE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;00C4 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A DIAERESIS MACRON;;;01DF;
+01DF;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;00E4 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A DIAERESIS MACRON;;01DE;;01DE
+01E0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;0226 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A DOT MACRON;;;01E1;
+01E1;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;0227 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A DOT MACRON;;01E0;;01E0
+01E2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;00C6 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A E MACRON;ash *;;01E3;
+01E3;LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;00E6 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER A E MACRON;ash *;01E2;;01E2
+01E4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G BAR;;;01E5;
+01E5;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G BAR;;01E4;;01E4
+01E6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0047 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G HACEK;;;01E7;
+01E7;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0067 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G HACEK;;01E6;;01E6
+01E8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;004B 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K HACEK;;;01E9;
+01E9;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;006B 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER K HACEK;;01E8;;01E8
+01EA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK;Lu;0;L;004F 0328;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O OGONEK;;;01EB;
+01EB;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK;Ll;0;L;006F 0328;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O OGONEK;;01EA;;01EA
+01EC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;01EA 0304;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O OGONEK MACRON;;;01ED;
+01ED;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH OGONEK AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;01EB 0304;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER O OGONEK MACRON;;01EC;;01EC
+01EE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER EZH WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;01B7 030C;;;;N;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH HACEK;;;01EF;
+01EF;LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0292 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH HACEK;;01EE;;01EE
+01F0;LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;006A 030C;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER J HACEK;;;;
+01F1;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER DZ;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0044 005A;;;;N;;;;01F3;01F2
+01F2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH SMALL LETTER Z;Lt;0;L;<compat> 0044 007A;;;;N;;;01F1;01F3;
+01F3;LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0064 007A;;;;N;;;01F1;;01F2
+01F4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0047 0301;;;;N;;;;01F5;
+01F5;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0067 0301;;;;N;;;01F4;;01F4
+01F6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER HWAIR;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0195;
+01F7;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WYNN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;01BF;
+01F8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;004E 0300;;;;N;;;;01F9;
+01F9;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;006E 0300;;;;N;;;01F8;;01F8
+01FA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00C5 0301;;;;N;;;;01FB;
+01FB;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00E5 0301;;;;N;;;01FA;;01FA
+01FC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00C6 0301;;;;N;;ash *;;01FD;
+01FD;LATIN SMALL LETTER AE WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00E6 0301;;;;N;;ash *;01FC;;01FC
+01FE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00D8 0301;;;;N;;;;01FF;
+01FF;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00F8 0301;;;;N;;;01FE;;01FE
+0200;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0041 030F;;;;N;;;;0201;
+0201;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0061 030F;;;;N;;;0200;;0200
+0202;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;0041 0311;;;;N;;;;0203;
+0203;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;0061 0311;;;;N;;;0202;;0202
+0204;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0045 030F;;;;N;;;;0205;
+0205;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0065 030F;;;;N;;;0204;;0204
+0206;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0311;;;;N;;;;0207;
+0207;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;0065 0311;;;;N;;;0206;;0206
+0208;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0049 030F;;;;N;;;;0209;
+0209;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0069 030F;;;;N;;;0208;;0208
+020A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;0049 0311;;;;N;;;;020B;
+020B;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;0069 0311;;;;N;;;020A;;020A
+020C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;004F 030F;;;;N;;;;020D;
+020D;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;006F 030F;;;;N;;;020C;;020C
+020E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;004F 0311;;;;N;;;;020F;
+020F;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;006F 0311;;;;N;;;020E;;020E
+0210;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0052 030F;;;;N;;;;0211;
+0211;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0072 030F;;;;N;;;0210;;0210
+0212;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;0052 0311;;;;N;;;;0213;
+0213;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;0072 0311;;;;N;;;0212;;0212
+0214;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0055 030F;;;;N;;;;0215;
+0215;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0075 030F;;;;N;;;0214;;0214
+0216;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE;Lu;0;L;0055 0311;;;;N;;;;0217;
+0217;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE;Ll;0;L;0075 0311;;;;N;;;0216;;0216
+0218;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW;Lu;0;L;0053 0326;;;;N;;*;;0219;
+0219;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW;Ll;0;L;0073 0326;;;;N;;*;0218;;0218
+021A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW;Lu;0;L;0054 0326;;;;N;;*;;021B;
+021B;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW;Ll;0;L;0074 0326;;;;N;;*;021A;;021A
+021C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER YOGH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;021D;
+021D;LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;021C;;021C
+021E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CARON;Lu;0;L;0048 030C;;;;N;;;;021F;
+021F;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CARON;Ll;0;L;0068 030C;;;;N;;;021E;;021E
+0222;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER OU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0223;
+0223;LATIN SMALL LETTER OU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0222;;0222
+0224;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0225;
+0225;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0224;;0224
+0226;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0041 0307;;;;N;;;;0227;
+0227;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0061 0307;;;;N;;;0226;;0226
+0228;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0045 0327;;;;N;;;;0229;
+0229;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0065 0327;;;;N;;;0228;;0228
+022A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;00D6 0304;;;;N;;;;022B;
+022B;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;00F6 0304;;;;N;;;022A;;022A
+022C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;00D5 0304;;;;N;;;;022D;
+022D;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;00F5 0304;;;;N;;;022C;;022C
+022E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;004F 0307;;;;N;;;;022F;
+022F;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;006F 0307;;;;N;;;022E;;022E
+0230;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;022E 0304;;;;N;;;;0231;
+0231;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT ABOVE AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;022F 0304;;;;N;;;0230;;0230
+0232;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0059 0304;;;;N;;;;0233;
+0233;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0079 0304;;;;N;;;0232;;0232
+0250;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED A;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0251;LATIN SMALL LETTER ALPHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT A;;;;
+0252;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED ALPHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED SCRIPT A;;;;
+0253;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER B HOOK;;0181;;0181
+0254;LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0186;;0186
+0255;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER C CURL;;;;
+0256;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D RETROFLEX HOOK;;0189;;0189
+0257;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D HOOK;;018A;;018A
+0258;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0259;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;018F;;018F
+025A;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA HOOK;;;;
+025B;LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER EPSILON;;0190;;0190
+025C;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED EPSILON;;;;
+025D;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED OPEN E WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED EPSILON HOOK;;;;
+025E;LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED OPEN E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED REVERSED EPSILON;;;;
+025F;LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J BAR;;;;
+0260;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER G HOOK;;0193;;0193
+0261;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT G;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0262;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0263;LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0194;;0194
+0264;LATIN SMALL LETTER RAMS HORN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER BABY GAMMA;;;;
+0265;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED H;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0266;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER H HOOK;;;;
+0267;LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER HENG HOOK;;;;
+0268;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED I;;0197;;0197
+0269;LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0196;;0196
+026A;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+026B;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH MIDDLE TILDE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+026C;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH BELT;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L BELT;;;;
+026D;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH RETROFLEX HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L RETROFLEX HOOK;;;;
+026E;LATIN SMALL LETTER LEZH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER L YOGH;;;;
+026F;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;019C;;019C
+0270;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED M WITH LONG LEG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0271;LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER M HOOK;;;;
+0272;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N HOOK;;019D;;019D
+0273;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH RETROFLEX HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER N RETROFLEX HOOK;;;;
+0274;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL N;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0275;LATIN SMALL LETTER BARRED O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;019F;;019F
+0276;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL OE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL O E;;;;
+0277;LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OMEGA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0278;LATIN SMALL LETTER PHI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0279;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+027A;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH LONG LEG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+027B;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED R HOOK;;;;
+027C;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LONG LEG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+027D;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TAIL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER R HOOK;;;;
+027E;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH FISHHOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER FISHHOOK R;;;;
+027F;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED R WITH FISHHOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER REVERSED FISHHOOK R;;;;
+0280;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL R;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;*;01A6;;01A6
+0281;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0282;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER S HOOK;;;;
+0283;LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;01A9;;01A9
+0284;LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J WITH STROKE AND HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS J BAR HOOK;;;;
+0285;LATIN SMALL LETTER SQUAT REVERSED ESH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0286;LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER ESH CURL;;;;
+0287;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED T;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0288;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH RETROFLEX HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T RETROFLEX HOOK;;01AE;;01AE
+0289;LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+028A;LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;01B1;;01B1
+028B;LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT V;;01B2;;01B2
+028C;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED V;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+028D;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED W;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+028E;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED Y;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+028F;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL Y;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0290;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH RETROFLEX HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z RETROFLEX HOOK;;;;
+0291;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z CURL;;;;
+0292;LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH;;01B7;;01B7
+0293;LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER YOGH CURL;;;;
+0294;LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0295;LATIN LETTER PHARYNGEAL VOICED FRICATIVE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP;;;;
+0296;LATIN LETTER INVERTED GLOTTAL STOP;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0297;LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0298;LATIN LETTER BILABIAL CLICK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER BULLSEYE;;;;
+0299;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL B;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+029A;LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED OPEN E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER CLOSED EPSILON;;;;
+029B;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL G HOOK;;;;
+029C;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL H;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+029D;LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CROSSED-TAIL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER CROSSED-TAIL J;;;;
+029E;LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED K;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+029F;LATIN LETTER SMALL CAPITAL L;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02A0;LATIN SMALL LETTER Q WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER Q HOOK;;;;
+02A1;LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER GLOTTAL STOP BAR;;;;
+02A2;LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP BAR;;;;
+02A3;LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D Z;;;;
+02A4;LATIN SMALL LETTER DEZH DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D YOGH;;;;
+02A5;LATIN SMALL LETTER DZ DIGRAPH WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER D Z CURL;;;;
+02A6;LATIN SMALL LETTER TS DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T S;;;;
+02A7;LATIN SMALL LETTER TESH DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T ESH;;;;
+02A8;LATIN SMALL LETTER TC DIGRAPH WITH CURL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;LATIN SMALL LETTER T C CURL;;;;
+02A9;LATIN SMALL LETTER FENG DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02AA;LATIN SMALL LETTER LS DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02AB;LATIN SMALL LETTER LZ DIGRAPH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02AC;LATIN LETTER BILABIAL PERCUSSIVE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02AD;LATIN LETTER BIDENTAL PERCUSSIVE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02B0;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H;Lm;0;L;<super> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+02B1;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H WITH HOOK;Lm;0;L;<super> 0266;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL H HOOK;;;;
+02B2;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL J;Lm;0;L;<super> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+02B3;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL R;Lm;0;L;<super> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+02B4;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R;Lm;0;L;<super> 0279;;;;N;;;;;
+02B5;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R WITH HOOK;Lm;0;L;<super> 027B;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL TURNED R HOOK;;;;
+02B6;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL CAPITAL INVERTED R;Lm;0;L;<super> 0281;;;;N;;;;;
+02B7;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL W;Lm;0;L;<super> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+02B8;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL Y;Lm;0;L;<super> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+02B9;MODIFIER LETTER PRIME;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BA;MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE PRIME;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BB;MODIFIER LETTER TURNED COMMA;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BC;MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BD;MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED COMMA;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BE;MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02BF;MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C0;MODIFIER LETTER GLOTTAL STOP;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C1;MODIFIER LETTER REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C2;MODIFIER LETTER LEFT ARROWHEAD;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C3;MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT ARROWHEAD;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C4;MODIFIER LETTER UP ARROWHEAD;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C5;MODIFIER LETTER DOWN ARROWHEAD;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C6;MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX;;;;
+02C7;CARON;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER HACEK;Mandarin Chinese third tone;;;
+02C8;MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02C9;MODIFIER LETTER MACRON;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;Mandarin Chinese first tone;;;
+02CA;MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE;Mandarin Chinese second tone;;;
+02CB;MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER GRAVE;Mandarin Chinese fourth tone;;;
+02CC;MODIFIER LETTER LOW VERTICAL LINE;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02CD;MODIFIER LETTER LOW MACRON;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02CE;MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER LOW GRAVE;;;;
+02CF;MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER LOW ACUTE;;;;
+02D0;MODIFIER LETTER TRIANGULAR COLON;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D1;MODIFIER LETTER HALF TRIANGULAR COLON;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D2;MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED RIGHT HALF RING;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER CENTERED RIGHT HALF RING;;;;
+02D3;MODIFIER LETTER CENTRED LEFT HALF RING;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;MODIFIER LETTER CENTERED LEFT HALF RING;;;;
+02D4;MODIFIER LETTER UP TACK;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D5;MODIFIER LETTER DOWN TACK;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D6;MODIFIER LETTER PLUS SIGN;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D7;MODIFIER LETTER MINUS SIGN;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02D8;BREVE;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0306;;;;N;SPACING BREVE;;;;
+02D9;DOT ABOVE;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0307;;;;N;SPACING DOT ABOVE;Mandarin Chinese light tone;;;
+02DA;RING ABOVE;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 030A;;;;N;SPACING RING ABOVE;;;;
+02DB;OGONEK;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0328;;;;N;SPACING OGONEK;;;;
+02DC;SMALL TILDE;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0303;;;;N;SPACING TILDE;;;;
+02DD;DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 030B;;;;N;SPACING DOUBLE ACUTE;;;;
+02DE;MODIFIER LETTER RHOTIC HOOK;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02DF;MODIFIER LETTER CROSS ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02E0;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL GAMMA;Lm;0;L;<super> 0263;;;;N;;;;;
+02E1;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL L;Lm;0;L;<super> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+02E2;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL S;Lm;0;L;<super> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+02E3;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL X;Lm;0;L;<super> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+02E4;MODIFIER LETTER SMALL REVERSED GLOTTAL STOP;Lm;0;L;<super> 0295;;;;N;;;;;
+02E5;MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-HIGH TONE BAR;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02E6;MODIFIER LETTER HIGH TONE BAR;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02E7;MODIFIER LETTER MID TONE BAR;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02E8;MODIFIER LETTER LOW TONE BAR;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02E9;MODIFIER LETTER EXTRA-LOW TONE BAR;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02EA;MODIFIER LETTER YIN DEPARTING TONE MARK;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02EB;MODIFIER LETTER YANG DEPARTING TONE MARK;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02EC;MODIFIER LETTER VOICING;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02ED;MODIFIER LETTER UNASPIRATED;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+02EE;MODIFIER LETTER DOUBLE APOSTROPHE;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0300;COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING GRAVE;Varia;;;
+0301;COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING ACUTE;Oxia;;;
+0302;COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CIRCUMFLEX;;;;
+0303;COMBINING TILDE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING TILDE;;;;
+0304;COMBINING MACRON;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING MACRON;;;;
+0305;COMBINING OVERLINE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING OVERSCORE;;;;
+0306;COMBINING BREVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING BREVE;Vrachy;;;
+0307;COMBINING DOT ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOT ABOVE;;;;
+0308;COMBINING DIAERESIS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DIAERESIS;Dialytika;;;
+0309;COMBINING HOOK ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING HOOK ABOVE;;;;
+030A;COMBINING RING ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RING ABOVE;;;;
+030B;COMBINING DOUBLE ACUTE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE ACUTE;;;;
+030C;COMBINING CARON;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING HACEK;;;;
+030D;COMBINING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING VERTICAL LINE ABOVE;Tonos;;;
+030E;COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE ABOVE;;;;
+030F;COMBINING DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE GRAVE;;;;
+0310;COMBINING CANDRABINDU;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CANDRABINDU;;;;
+0311;COMBINING INVERTED BREVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING INVERTED BREVE;;;;
+0312;COMBINING TURNED COMMA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING TURNED COMMA ABOVE;;;;
+0313;COMBINING COMMA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING COMMA ABOVE;Psili;;;
+0314;COMBINING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING REVERSED COMMA ABOVE;Dasia;;;
+0315;COMBINING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT;Mn;232;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING COMMA ABOVE RIGHT;;;;
+0316;COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING GRAVE BELOW;;;;
+0317;COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING ACUTE BELOW;;;;
+0318;COMBINING LEFT TACK BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT TACK BELOW;;;;
+0319;COMBINING RIGHT TACK BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RIGHT TACK BELOW;;;;
+031A;COMBINING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE;Mn;232;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT ANGLE ABOVE;;;;
+031B;COMBINING HORN;Mn;216;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING HORN;;;;
+031C;COMBINING LEFT HALF RING BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT HALF RING BELOW;;;;
+031D;COMBINING UP TACK BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING UP TACK BELOW;;;;
+031E;COMBINING DOWN TACK BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOWN TACK BELOW;;;;
+031F;COMBINING PLUS SIGN BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING PLUS SIGN BELOW;;;;
+0320;COMBINING MINUS SIGN BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING MINUS SIGN BELOW;;;;
+0321;COMBINING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW;Mn;202;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING PALATALIZED HOOK BELOW;;;;
+0322;COMBINING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW;Mn;202;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RETROFLEX HOOK BELOW;;;;
+0323;COMBINING DOT BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOT BELOW;;;;
+0324;COMBINING DIAERESIS BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE DOT BELOW;;;;
+0325;COMBINING RING BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RING BELOW;;;;
+0326;COMBINING COMMA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING COMMA BELOW;;;;
+0327;COMBINING CEDILLA;Mn;202;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CEDILLA;;;;
+0328;COMBINING OGONEK;Mn;202;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING OGONEK;;;;
+0329;COMBINING VERTICAL LINE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING VERTICAL LINE BELOW;;;;
+032A;COMBINING BRIDGE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING BRIDGE BELOW;;;;
+032B;COMBINING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING INVERTED DOUBLE ARCH BELOW;;;;
+032C;COMBINING CARON BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING HACEK BELOW;;;;
+032D;COMBINING CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;;;;
+032E;COMBINING BREVE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING BREVE BELOW;;;;
+032F;COMBINING INVERTED BREVE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING INVERTED BREVE BELOW;;;;
+0330;COMBINING TILDE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING TILDE BELOW;;;;
+0331;COMBINING MACRON BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING MACRON BELOW;;;;
+0332;COMBINING LOW LINE;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING UNDERSCORE;;;;
+0333;COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE UNDERSCORE;;;;
+0334;COMBINING TILDE OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING TILDE OVERLAY;;;;
+0335;COMBINING SHORT STROKE OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING SHORT BAR OVERLAY;;;;
+0336;COMBINING LONG STROKE OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LONG BAR OVERLAY;;;;
+0337;COMBINING SHORT SOLIDUS OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING SHORT SLASH OVERLAY;;;;
+0338;COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LONG SLASH OVERLAY;;;;
+0339;COMBINING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RIGHT HALF RING BELOW;;;;
+033A;COMBINING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING INVERTED BRIDGE BELOW;;;;
+033B;COMBINING SQUARE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING SQUARE BELOW;;;;
+033C;COMBINING SEAGULL BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING SEAGULL BELOW;;;;
+033D;COMBINING X ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING X ABOVE;;;;
+033E;COMBINING VERTICAL TILDE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING VERTICAL TILDE;;;;
+033F;COMBINING DOUBLE OVERLINE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING DOUBLE OVERSCORE;;;;
+0340;COMBINING GRAVE TONE MARK;Mn;230;NSM;0300;;;;N;NON-SPACING GRAVE TONE MARK;Vietnamese;;;
+0341;COMBINING ACUTE TONE MARK;Mn;230;NSM;0301;;;;N;NON-SPACING ACUTE TONE MARK;Vietnamese;;;
+0342;COMBINING GREEK PERISPOMENI;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0343;COMBINING GREEK KORONIS;Mn;230;NSM;0313;;;;N;;;;;
+0344;COMBINING GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS;Mn;230;NSM;0308 0301;;;;N;GREEK NON-SPACING DIAERESIS TONOS;;;;
+0345;COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI;Mn;240;NSM;;;;;N;GREEK NON-SPACING IOTA BELOW;;0399;;0399
+0346;COMBINING BRIDGE ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0347;COMBINING EQUALS SIGN BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0348;COMBINING DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0349;COMBINING LEFT ANGLE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+034A;COMBINING NOT TILDE ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+034B;COMBINING HOMOTHETIC ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+034C;COMBINING ALMOST EQUAL TO ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+034D;COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+034E;COMBINING UPWARDS ARROW BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0360;COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE;Mn;234;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0361;COMBINING DOUBLE INVERTED BREVE;Mn;234;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0362;COMBINING DOUBLE RIGHTWARDS ARROW BELOW;Mn;233;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0374;GREEK NUMERAL SIGN;Sk;0;ON;02B9;;;;N;GREEK UPPER NUMERAL SIGN;Dexia keraia;;;
+0375;GREEK LOWER NUMERAL SIGN;Sk;0;ON;;;;;N;;Aristeri keraia;;;
+037A;GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI;Lm;0;L;<compat> 0020 0345;;;;N;GREEK SPACING IOTA BELOW;;;;
+037E;GREEK QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;003B;;;;N;;Erotimatiko;;;
+0384;GREEK TONOS;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0301;;;;N;GREEK SPACING TONOS;;;;
+0385;GREEK DIALYTIKA TONOS;Sk;0;ON;00A8 0301;;;;N;GREEK SPACING DIAERESIS TONOS;;;;
+0386;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;0391 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA TONOS;;;03AC;
+0387;GREEK ANO TELEIA;Po;0;ON;00B7;;;;N;;;;;
+0388;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;0395 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON TONOS;;;03AD;
+0389;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;0397 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA TONOS;;;03AE;
+038A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;0399 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA TONOS;;;03AF;
+038C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;039F 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON TONOS;;;03CC;
+038E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;03A5 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON TONOS;;;03CD;
+038F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS;Lu;0;L;03A9 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA TONOS;;;03CE;
+0390;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS;Ll;0;L;03CA 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA DIAERESIS TONOS;;;;
+0391;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B1;
+0392;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B2;
+0393;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B3;
+0394;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B4;
+0395;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B5;
+0396;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B6;
+0397;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B7;
+0398;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B8;
+0399;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03B9;
+039A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03BA;
+039B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA;;;03BB;
+039C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03BC;
+039D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03BD;
+039E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03BE;
+039F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03BF;
+03A0;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C0;
+03A1;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C1;
+03A3;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C3;
+03A4;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C4;
+03A5;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C5;
+03A6;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C6;
+03A7;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C7;
+03A8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C8;
+03A9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;03C9;
+03AA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA;Lu;0;L;0399 0308;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA DIAERESIS;;;03CA;
+03AB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA;Lu;0;L;03A5 0308;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON DIAERESIS;;;03CB;
+03AC;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03B1 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA TONOS;;0386;;0386
+03AD;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03B5 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON TONOS;;0388;;0388
+03AE;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03B7 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA TONOS;;0389;;0389
+03AF;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03B9 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA TONOS;;038A;;038A
+03B0;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS;Ll;0;L;03CB 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON DIAERESIS TONOS;;;;
+03B1;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0391;;0391
+03B2;GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0392;;0392
+03B3;GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0393;;0393
+03B4;GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0394;;0394
+03B5;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0395;;0395
+03B6;GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0396;;0396
+03B7;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0397;;0397
+03B8;GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0398;;0398
+03B9;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0399;;0399
+03BA;GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;039A;;039A
+03BB;GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMBDA;;039B;;039B
+03BC;GREEK SMALL LETTER MU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;039C;;039C
+03BD;GREEK SMALL LETTER NU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;039D;;039D
+03BE;GREEK SMALL LETTER XI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;039E;;039E
+03BF;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;039F;;039F
+03C0;GREEK SMALL LETTER PI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A0;;03A0
+03C1;GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A1;;03A1
+03C2;GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A3;;03A3
+03C3;GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A3;;03A3
+03C4;GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A4;;03A4
+03C5;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A5;;03A5
+03C6;GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A6;;03A6
+03C7;GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A7;;03A7
+03C8;GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A8;;03A8
+03C9;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03A9;;03A9
+03CA;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA;Ll;0;L;03B9 0308;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA DIAERESIS;;03AA;;03AA
+03CB;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA;Ll;0;L;03C5 0308;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON DIAERESIS;;03AB;;03AB
+03CC;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03BF 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON TONOS;;038C;;038C
+03CD;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03C5 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON TONOS;;038E;;038E
+03CE;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TONOS;Ll;0;L;03C9 0301;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA TONOS;;038F;;038F
+03D0;GREEK BETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03B2;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER CURLED BETA;;0392;;0392
+03D1;GREEK THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03B8;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT THETA;;0398;;0398
+03D2;GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<compat> 03A5;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON HOOK;;;;
+03D3;GREEK UPSILON WITH ACUTE AND HOOK SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;03D2 0301;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON HOOK TONOS;;;;
+03D4;GREEK UPSILON WITH DIAERESIS AND HOOK SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;03D2 0308;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON HOOK DIAERESIS;;;;
+03D5;GREEK PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03C6;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT PHI;;03A6;;03A6
+03D6;GREEK PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03C0;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA PI;;03A0;;03A0
+03D7;GREEK KAI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+03DA;GREEK LETTER STIGMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER STIGMA;;;03DB;
+03DB;GREEK SMALL LETTER STIGMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03DA;;03DA
+03DC;GREEK LETTER DIGAMMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DIGAMMA;;;03DD;
+03DD;GREEK SMALL LETTER DIGAMMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03DC;;03DC
+03DE;GREEK LETTER KOPPA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA;;;03DF;
+03DF;GREEK SMALL LETTER KOPPA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03DE;;03DE
+03E0;GREEK LETTER SAMPI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SAMPI;;;03E1;
+03E1;GREEK SMALL LETTER SAMPI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;03E0;;03E0
+03E2;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHEI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHEI;;;03E3;
+03E3;COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHEI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SHEI;;03E2;;03E2
+03E4;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER FEI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER FEI;;;03E5;
+03E5;COPTIC SMALL LETTER FEI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER FEI;;03E4;;03E4
+03E6;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER KHEI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KHEI;;;03E7;
+03E7;COPTIC SMALL LETTER KHEI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER KHEI;;03E6;;03E6
+03E8;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER HORI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER HORI;;;03E9;
+03E9;COPTIC SMALL LETTER HORI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER HORI;;03E8;;03E8
+03EA;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GANGIA;;;03EB;
+03EB;COPTIC SMALL LETTER GANGIA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER GANGIA;;03EA;;03EA
+03EC;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SHIMA;;;03ED;
+03ED;COPTIC SMALL LETTER SHIMA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SHIMA;;03EC;;03EC
+03EE;COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER DEI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DEI;;;03EF;
+03EF;COPTIC SMALL LETTER DEI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER DEI;;03EE;;03EE
+03F0;GREEK KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03BA;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT KAPPA;;039A;;039A
+03F1;GREEK RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03C1;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER TAILED RHO;;03A1;;03A1
+03F2;GREEK LUNATE SIGMA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03C2;;;;N;GREEK SMALL LETTER LUNATE SIGMA;;03A3;;03A3
+03F3;GREEK LETTER YOT;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+03F4;GREEK CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0398;;;;N;;;;03B8;
+03F5;GREEK LUNATE EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 03B5;;;;N;;;0395;;0395
+0400;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0415 0300;;;;N;;;;0450;
+0401;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IO;Lu;0;L;0415 0308;;;;N;;;;0451;
+0402;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DJE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Serbocroatian;;0452;
+0403;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GJE;Lu;0;L;0413 0301;;;;N;;;;0453;
+0404;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E;;;0454;
+0405;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0455;
+0406;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I;;;0456;
+0407;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YI;Lu;0;L;0406 0308;;;;N;;Ukrainian;;0457;
+0408;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER JE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0458;
+0409;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LJE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0459;
+040A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER NJE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;045A;
+040B;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Serbocroatian;;045B;
+040C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KJE;Lu;0;L;041A 0301;;;;N;;;;045C;
+040D;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0418 0300;;;;N;;;;045D;
+040E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT U;Lu;0;L;0423 0306;;;;N;;Byelorussian;;045E;
+040F;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DZHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;045F;
+0410;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0430;
+0411;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0431;
+0412;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0432;
+0413;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GE;;;0433;
+0414;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER DE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0434;
+0415;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0435;
+0416;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0436;
+0417;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0437;
+0418;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER II;;;0438;
+0419;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I;Lu;0;L;0418 0306;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT II;;;0439;
+041A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043A;
+041B;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EL;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043B;
+041C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043C;
+041D;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043D;
+041E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043E;
+041F;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;043F;
+0420;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0440;
+0421;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0441;
+0422;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0442;
+0423;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0443;
+0424;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EF;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0444;
+0425;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHA;;;0445;
+0426;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TSE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0446;
+0427;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0447;
+0428;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0448;
+0429;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHCHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0449;
+042A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HARD SIGN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;044A;
+042B;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERI;;;044B;
+042C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SOFT SIGN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;044C;
+042D;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED E;;;044D;
+042E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IU;;;044E;
+042F;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IA;;;044F;
+0430;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0410;;0410
+0431;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0411;;0411
+0432;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0412;;0412
+0433;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GE;;0413;;0413
+0434;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0414;;0414
+0435;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0415;;0415
+0436;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0416;;0416
+0437;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0417;;0417
+0438;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER II;;0418;;0418
+0439;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT I;Ll;0;L;0438 0306;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT II;;0419;;0419
+043A;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041A;;041A
+043B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041B;;041B
+043C;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041C;;041C
+043D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041D;;041D
+043E;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041E;;041E
+043F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;041F;;041F
+0440;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0420;;0420
+0441;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0421;;0421
+0442;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0422;;0422
+0443;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0423;;0423
+0444;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0424;;0424
+0445;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHA;;0425;;0425
+0446;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0426;;0426
+0447;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0427;;0427
+0448;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0428;;0428
+0449;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0429;;0429
+044A;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;042A;;042A
+044B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERI;;042B;;042B
+044C;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;042C;;042C
+044D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED E;;042D;;042D
+044E;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IU;;042E;;042E
+044F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IA;;042F;;042F
+0450;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0435 0300;;;;N;;;0400;;0400
+0451;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO;Ll;0;L;0435 0308;;;;N;;;0401;;0401
+0452;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Serbocroatian;0402;;0402
+0453;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE;Ll;0;L;0433 0301;;;;N;;;0403;;0403
+0454;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UKRAINIAN IE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E;;0404;;0404
+0455;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0405;;0405
+0456;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I;;0406;;0406
+0457;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI;Ll;0;L;0456 0308;;;;N;;Ukrainian;0407;;0407
+0458;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0408;;0408
+0459;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0409;;0409
+045A;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;040A;;040A
+045B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;Serbocroatian;040B;;040B
+045C;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE;Ll;0;L;043A 0301;;;;N;;;040C;;040C
+045D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0438 0300;;;;N;;;040D;;040D
+045E;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT U;Ll;0;L;0443 0306;;;;N;;Byelorussian;040E;;040E
+045F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;040F;;040F
+0460;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0461;
+0461;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0460;;0460
+0462;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YAT;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0463;
+0463;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YAT;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0462;;0462
+0464;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0465;
+0465;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0464;;0464
+0466;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER LITTLE YUS;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0467;
+0467;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LITTLE YUS;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0466;;0466
+0468;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0469;
+0469;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED LITTLE YUS;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0468;;0468
+046A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BIG YUS;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;046B;
+046B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BIG YUS;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;046A;;046A
+046C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;046D;
+046D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTIFIED BIG YUS;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;046C;;046C
+046E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KSI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;046F;
+046F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KSI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;046E;;046E
+0470;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PSI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0471;
+0471;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PSI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0470;;0470
+0472;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER FITA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0473;
+0473;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER FITA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0472;;0472
+0474;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0475;
+0475;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0474;;0474
+0476;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT;Lu;0;L;0474 030F;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IZHITSA DOUBLE GRAVE;;;0477;
+0477;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT;Ll;0;L;0475 030F;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IZHITSA DOUBLE GRAVE;;0476;;0476
+0478;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER UK DIGRAPH;;;0479;
+0479;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER UK DIGRAPH;;0478;;0478
+047A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;047B;
+047B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;047A;;047A
+047C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA TITLO;;;047D;
+047D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH TITLO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OMEGA TITLO;;047C;;047C
+047E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER OT;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;047F;
+047F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER OT;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;047E;;047E
+0480;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KOPPA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0481;
+0481;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KOPPA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0480;;0480
+0482;CYRILLIC THOUSANDS SIGN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0483;COMBINING CYRILLIC TITLO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;CYRILLIC NON-SPACING TITLO;;;;
+0484;COMBINING CYRILLIC PALATALIZATION;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;CYRILLIC NON-SPACING PALATALIZATION;;;;
+0485;COMBINING CYRILLIC DASIA PNEUMATA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;CYRILLIC NON-SPACING DASIA PNEUMATA;;;;
+0486;COMBINING CYRILLIC PSILI PNEUMATA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;CYRILLIC NON-SPACING PSILI PNEUMATA;;;;
+0488;COMBINING CYRILLIC HUNDRED THOUSANDS SIGN;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0489;COMBINING CYRILLIC MILLIONS SIGN;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+048C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;048D;
+048D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SEMISOFT SIGN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;048C;;048C
+048E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER WITH TICK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;048F;
+048F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH TICK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;048E;;048E
+0490;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GE WITH UPTURN;;;0491;
+0491;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GE WITH UPTURN;;0490;;0490
+0492;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GE BAR;;;0493;
+0493;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GE BAR;;0492;;0492
+0494;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER GE HOOK;;;0495;
+0495;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH MIDDLE HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GE HOOK;;0494;;0494
+0496;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;0497;
+0497;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;0496;;0496
+0498;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE CEDILLA;;;0499;
+0499;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE CEDILLA;;0498;;0498
+049A;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;049B;
+049B;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;049A;;049A
+049C;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA VERTICAL BAR;;;049D;
+049D;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH VERTICAL STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA VERTICAL BAR;;049C;;049C
+049E;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA BAR;;;049F;
+049F;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA BAR;;049E;;049E
+04A0;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BASHKIR KA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER REVERSED GE KA;;;04A1;
+04A1;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BASHKIR KA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER REVERSED GE KA;;04A0;;04A0
+04A2;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;04A3;
+04A3;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;04A2;;04A2
+04A4;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE EN GHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN GE;;;04A5;
+04A5;CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE EN GHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN GE;;04A4;;04A4
+04A6;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER PE HOOK;Abkhasian;;04A7;
+04A7;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE WITH MIDDLE HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE HOOK;Abkhasian;04A6;;04A6
+04A8;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O HOOK;;;04A9;
+04A9;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN HA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O HOOK;;04A8;;04A8
+04AA;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES CEDILLA;;;04AB;
+04AB;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES CEDILLA;;04AA;;04AA
+04AC;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;04AD;
+04AD;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;04AC;;04AC
+04AE;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;04AF;
+04AF;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;04AE;;04AE
+04B0;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER STRAIGHT U BAR;;;04B1;
+04B1;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U WITH STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U BAR;;04B0;;04B0
+04B2;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHA WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;04B3;
+04B3;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHA WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;04B2;;04B2
+04B4;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE TE TSE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE TSE;Abkhasian;;04B5;
+04B5;CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE TE TSE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE TSE;Abkhasian;04B4;;04B4
+04B6;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;;04B7;
+04B7;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH RIGHT DESCENDER;;04B6;;04B6
+04B8;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE VERTICAL BAR;;;04B9;
+04B9;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH VERTICAL STROKE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE VERTICAL BAR;;04B8;;04B8
+04BA;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER H;;;04BB;
+04BB;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER H;;04BA;;04BA
+04BC;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE HOOK;;;04BD;
+04BD;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE HOOK;;04BC;;04BC
+04BE;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE HOOK OGONEK;;;04BF;
+04BF;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN CHE WITH DESCENDER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE HOOK OGONEK;;04BE;;04BE
+04C0;CYRILLIC LETTER PALOCHKA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC LETTER I;;;;
+04C1;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0416 0306;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SHORT ZHE;;;04C2;
+04C2;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0436 0306;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHORT ZHE;;04C1;;04C1
+04C3;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA HOOK;;;04C4;
+04C4;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA HOOK;;04C3;;04C3
+04C7;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN WITH HOOK;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN HOOK;;;04C8;
+04C8;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN WITH HOOK;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN HOOK;;04C7;;04C7
+04CB;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH LEFT DESCENDER;;;04CC;
+04CC;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KHAKASSIAN CHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH LEFT DESCENDER;;04CB;;04CB
+04D0;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0410 0306;;;;N;;;;04D1;
+04D1;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0430 0306;;;;N;;;04D0;;04D0
+04D2;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0410 0308;;;;N;;;;04D3;
+04D3;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0430 0308;;;;N;;;04D2;;04D2
+04D4;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LIGATURE A IE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;04D5;
+04D5;CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;04D4;;04D4
+04D6;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE WITH BREVE;Lu;0;L;0415 0306;;;;N;;;;04D7;
+04D7;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH BREVE;Ll;0;L;0435 0306;;;;N;;;04D6;;04D6
+04D8;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;04D9;
+04D9;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;04D8;;04D8
+04DA;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;04D8 0308;;;;N;;;;04DB;
+04DB;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;04D9 0308;;;;N;;;04DA;;04DA
+04DC;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0416 0308;;;;N;;;;04DD;
+04DD;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0436 0308;;;;N;;;04DC;;04DC
+04DE;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0417 0308;;;;N;;;;04DF;
+04DF;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0437 0308;;;;N;;;04DE;;04DE
+04E0;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;04E1;
+04E1;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;04E0;;04E0
+04E2;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0418 0304;;;;N;;;;04E3;
+04E3;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0438 0304;;;;N;;;04E2;;04E2
+04E4;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0418 0308;;;;N;;;;04E5;
+04E5;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0438 0308;;;;N;;;04E4;;04E4
+04E6;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;041E 0308;;;;N;;;;04E7;
+04E7;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;043E 0308;;;;N;;;04E6;;04E6
+04E8;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;04E9;
+04E9;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;04E8;;04E8
+04EA;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;04E8 0308;;;;N;;;;04EB;
+04EB;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BARRED O WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;04E9 0308;;;;N;;;04EA;;04EA
+04EC;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;042D 0308;;;;N;;;;04ED;
+04ED;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;044D 0308;;;;N;;;04EC;;04EC
+04EE;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0423 0304;;;;N;;;;04EF;
+04EF;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0443 0304;;;;N;;;04EE;;04EE
+04F0;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0423 0308;;;;N;;;;04F1;
+04F1;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0443 0308;;;;N;;;04F0;;04F0
+04F2;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0423 030B;;;;N;;;;04F3;
+04F3;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0443 030B;;;;N;;;04F2;;04F2
+04F4;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0427 0308;;;;N;;;;04F5;
+04F5;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0447 0308;;;;N;;;04F4;;04F4
+04F8;CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;042B 0308;;;;N;;;;04F9;
+04F9;CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;044B 0308;;;;N;;;04F8;;04F8
+0531;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0561;
+0532;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0562;
+0533;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0563;
+0534;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0564;
+0535;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0565;
+0536;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0566;
+0537;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0567;
+0538;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0568;
+0539;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0569;
+053A;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056A;
+053B;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056B;
+053C;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056C;
+053D;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056D;
+053E;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056E;
+053F;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;056F;
+0540;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0570;
+0541;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0571;
+0542;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LAD;;;0572;
+0543;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0573;
+0544;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0574;
+0545;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0575;
+0546;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0576;
+0547;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0577;
+0548;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0578;
+0549;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0579;
+054A;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057A;
+054B;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057B;
+054C;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057C;
+054D;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057D;
+054E;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057E;
+054F;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;057F;
+0550;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0580;
+0551;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0581;
+0552;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0582;
+0553;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0583;
+0554;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0584;
+0555;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0585;
+0556;ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;0586;
+0559;ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER LEFT HALF RING;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+055A;ARMENIAN APOSTROPHE;Po;0;L;;;;;N;ARMENIAN MODIFIER LETTER RIGHT HALF RING;;;;
+055B;ARMENIAN EMPHASIS MARK;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+055C;ARMENIAN EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+055D;ARMENIAN COMMA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+055E;ARMENIAN QUESTION MARK;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+055F;ARMENIAN ABBREVIATION MARK;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0561;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0531;;0531
+0562;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0532;;0532
+0563;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0533;;0533
+0564;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0534;;0534
+0565;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0535;;0535
+0566;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0536;;0536
+0567;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0537;;0537
+0568;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0538;;0538
+0569;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0539;;0539
+056A;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053A;;053A
+056B;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053B;;053B
+056C;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053C;;053C
+056D;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053D;;053D
+056E;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053E;;053E
+056F;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;053F;;053F
+0570;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0540;;0540
+0571;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0541;;0541
+0572;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LAD;;0542;;0542
+0573;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0543;;0543
+0574;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0544;;0544
+0575;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0545;;0545
+0576;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0546;;0546
+0577;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0547;;0547
+0578;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0548;;0548
+0579;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0549;;0549
+057A;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054A;;054A
+057B;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054B;;054B
+057C;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054C;;054C
+057D;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054D;;054D
+057E;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054E;;054E
+057F;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;054F;;054F
+0580;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0550;;0550
+0581;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0551;;0551
+0582;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0552;;0552
+0583;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0553;;0553
+0584;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0554;;0554
+0585;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0555;;0555
+0586;ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;0556;;0556
+0587;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0565 0582;;;;N;;;;;
+0589;ARMENIAN FULL STOP;Po;0;L;;;;;N;ARMENIAN PERIOD;;;;
+058A;ARMENIAN HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+0591;HEBREW ACCENT ETNAHTA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0592;HEBREW ACCENT SEGOL;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0593;HEBREW ACCENT SHALSHELET;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0594;HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF QATAN;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0595;HEBREW ACCENT ZAQEF GADOL;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0596;HEBREW ACCENT TIPEHA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0597;HEBREW ACCENT REVIA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0598;HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0599;HEBREW ACCENT PASHTA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059A;HEBREW ACCENT YETIV;Mn;222;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059B;HEBREW ACCENT TEVIR;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059C;HEBREW ACCENT GERESH;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059D;HEBREW ACCENT GERESH MUQDAM;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059E;HEBREW ACCENT GERSHAYIM;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+059F;HEBREW ACCENT QARNEY PARA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A0;HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA GEDOLA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A1;HEBREW ACCENT PAZER;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A3;HEBREW ACCENT MUNAH;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A4;HEBREW ACCENT MAHAPAKH;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A5;HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+05A6;HEBREW ACCENT MERKHA KEFULA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A7;HEBREW ACCENT DARGA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05A8;HEBREW ACCENT QADMA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+05A9;HEBREW ACCENT TELISHA QETANA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05AA;HEBREW ACCENT YERAH BEN YOMO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+05AB;HEBREW ACCENT OLE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05AC;HEBREW ACCENT ILUY;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05AD;HEBREW ACCENT DEHI;Mn;222;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05AE;HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR;Mn;228;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05AF;HEBREW MARK MASORA CIRCLE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B0;HEBREW POINT SHEVA;Mn;10;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B1;HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL;Mn;11;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B2;HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH;Mn;12;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B3;HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS;Mn;13;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B4;HEBREW POINT HIRIQ;Mn;14;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B5;HEBREW POINT TSERE;Mn;15;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B6;HEBREW POINT SEGOL;Mn;16;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B7;HEBREW POINT PATAH;Mn;17;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B8;HEBREW POINT QAMATS;Mn;18;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05B9;HEBREW POINT HOLAM;Mn;19;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05BB;HEBREW POINT QUBUTS;Mn;20;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05BC;HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ;Mn;21;NSM;;;;;N;HEBREW POINT DAGESH;or shuruq;;;
+05BD;HEBREW POINT METEG;Mn;22;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+05BE;HEBREW PUNCTUATION MAQAF;Po;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05BF;HEBREW POINT RAFE;Mn;23;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05C0;HEBREW PUNCTUATION PASEQ;Po;0;R;;;;;N;HEBREW POINT PASEQ;*;;;
+05C1;HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT;Mn;24;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05C2;HEBREW POINT SIN DOT;Mn;25;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05C3;HEBREW PUNCTUATION SOF PASUQ;Po;0;R;;;;;N;;*;;;
+05C4;HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D0;HEBREW LETTER ALEF;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D1;HEBREW LETTER BET;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D2;HEBREW LETTER GIMEL;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D3;HEBREW LETTER DALET;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D4;HEBREW LETTER HE;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D5;HEBREW LETTER VAV;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D6;HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D7;HEBREW LETTER HET;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D8;HEBREW LETTER TET;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05D9;HEBREW LETTER YOD;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DA;HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DB;HEBREW LETTER KAF;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DC;HEBREW LETTER LAMED;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DD;HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DE;HEBREW LETTER MEM;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05DF;HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E0;HEBREW LETTER NUN;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E1;HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E2;HEBREW LETTER AYIN;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E3;HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E4;HEBREW LETTER PE;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E5;HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E6;HEBREW LETTER TSADI;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E7;HEBREW LETTER QOF;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E8;HEBREW LETTER RESH;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05E9;HEBREW LETTER SHIN;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05EA;HEBREW LETTER TAV;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05F0;HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE VAV;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;HEBREW LETTER DOUBLE VAV;;;;
+05F1;HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH VAV YOD;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;HEBREW LETTER VAV YOD;;;;
+05F2;HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH DOUBLE YOD;Lo;0;R;;;;;N;HEBREW LETTER DOUBLE YOD;;;;
+05F3;HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERESH;Po;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+05F4;HEBREW PUNCTUATION GERSHAYIM;Po;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+060C;ARABIC COMMA;Po;0;CS;;;;;N;;;;;
+061B;ARABIC SEMICOLON;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+061F;ARABIC QUESTION MARK;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0621;ARABIC LETTER HAMZA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH;;;;
+0622;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;0627 0653;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER MADDAH ON ALEF;;;;
+0623;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;0627 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON ALEF;;;;
+0624;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;0648 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON WAW;;;;
+0625;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW;Lo;0;AL;0627 0655;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH UNDER ALEF;;;;
+0626;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;064A 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON YA;;;;
+0627;ARABIC LETTER ALEF;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0628;ARABIC LETTER BEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER BAA;;;;
+0629;ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA MARBUTAH;;;;
+062A;ARABIC LETTER TEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA;;;;
+062B;ARABIC LETTER THEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER THAA;;;;
+062C;ARABIC LETTER JEEM;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+062D;ARABIC LETTER HAH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA;;;;
+062E;ARABIC LETTER KHAH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER KHAA;;;;
+062F;ARABIC LETTER DAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0630;ARABIC LETTER THAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0631;ARABIC LETTER REH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA;;;;
+0632;ARABIC LETTER ZAIN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0633;ARABIC LETTER SEEN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0634;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0635;ARABIC LETTER SAD;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0636;ARABIC LETTER DAD;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0637;ARABIC LETTER TAH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0638;ARABIC LETTER ZAH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DHAH;;;;
+0639;ARABIC LETTER AIN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+063A;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0640;ARABIC TATWEEL;Lm;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0641;ARABIC LETTER FEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA;;;;
+0642;ARABIC LETTER QAF;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0643;ARABIC LETTER KAF;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER CAF;;;;
+0644;ARABIC LETTER LAM;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0645;ARABIC LETTER MEEM;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0646;ARABIC LETTER NOON;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0647;ARABIC LETTER HEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HA;;;;
+0648;ARABIC LETTER WAW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0649;ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAQSURAH;;;;
+064A;ARABIC LETTER YEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA;;;;
+064B;ARABIC FATHATAN;Mn;27;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+064C;ARABIC DAMMATAN;Mn;28;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+064D;ARABIC KASRATAN;Mn;29;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+064E;ARABIC FATHA;Mn;30;NSM;;;;;N;ARABIC FATHAH;;;;
+064F;ARABIC DAMMA;Mn;31;NSM;;;;;N;ARABIC DAMMAH;;;;
+0650;ARABIC KASRA;Mn;32;NSM;;;;;N;ARABIC KASRAH;;;;
+0651;ARABIC SHADDA;Mn;33;NSM;;;;;N;ARABIC SHADDAH;;;;
+0652;ARABIC SUKUN;Mn;34;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0653;ARABIC MADDAH ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0654;ARABIC HAMZA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0655;ARABIC HAMZA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0660;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;AN;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0661;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;AN;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0662;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;AN;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0663;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;AN;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0664;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;AN;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0665;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;AN;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0666;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;AN;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0667;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;AN;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0668;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;AN;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0669;ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;AN;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+066A;ARABIC PERCENT SIGN;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+066B;ARABIC DECIMAL SEPARATOR;Po;0;AN;;;;;N;;;;;
+066C;ARABIC THOUSANDS SEPARATOR;Po;0;AN;;;;;N;;;;;
+066D;ARABIC FIVE POINTED STAR;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0670;ARABIC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALEF;Mn;35;NSM;;;;;N;ARABIC ALEF ABOVE;;;;
+0671;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAT WASL ON ALEF;;;;
+0672;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAVY HAMZAH ON ALEF;;;;
+0673;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAVY HAMZAH UNDER ALEF;;;;
+0674;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZAH;;;;
+0675;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA ALEF;Lo;0;AL;<compat> 0627 0674;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZAH ALEF;;;;
+0676;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA WAW;Lo;0;AL;<compat> 0648 0674;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZAH WAW;;;;
+0677;ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;<compat> 06C7 0674;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZAH WAW WITH DAMMAH;;;;
+0678;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZA YEH;Lo;0;AL;<compat> 064A 0674;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HIGH HAMZAH YA;;;;
+0679;ARABIC LETTER TTEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH SMALL TAH;;;;
+067A;ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE;;;;
+067B;ARABIC LETTER BEEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER BAA WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL BELOW;;;;
+067C;ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH RING;;;;
+067D;ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARD;;;;
+067E;ARABIC LETTER PEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;;;;
+067F;ARABIC LETTER TEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+0680;ARABIC LETTER BEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER BAA WITH FOUR DOTS BELOW;;;;
+0681;ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON HAA;;;;
+0682;ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL ABOVE;;;;
+0683;ARABIC LETTER NYEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH MIDDLE TWO DOTS;;;;
+0684;ARABIC LETTER DYEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH MIDDLE TWO DOTS VERTICAL;;;;
+0685;ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+0686;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH MIDDLE THREE DOTS DOWNWARD;;;;
+0687;ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAA WITH MIDDLE FOUR DOTS;;;;
+0688;ARABIC LETTER DDAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH SMALL TAH;;;;
+0689;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+068A;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+068B;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+068C;ARABIC LETTER DAHAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+068D;ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH TWO DOTS BELOW;;;;
+068E;ARABIC LETTER DUL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+068F;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARD;;;;
+0690;ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0691;ARABIC LETTER RREH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH SMALL TAH;;;;
+0692;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH SMALL V;;;;
+0693;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH RING;;;;
+0694;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH DOT BELOW;;;;
+0695;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH SMALL V BELOW;;;;
+0696;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE;;;;
+0697;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+0698;ARABIC LETTER JEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+0699;ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER RA WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+069A;ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+069B;ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+069C;ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH THREE DOTS BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+069D;ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH TWO DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+069E;ARABIC LETTER SAD WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+069F;ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06A0;ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06A1;ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS FA;;;;
+06A2;ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA WITH DOT MOVED BELOW;;;;
+06A3;ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA WITH DOT BELOW;;;;
+06A4;ARABIC LETTER VEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+06A5;ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;;;;
+06A6;ARABIC LETTER PEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER FA WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+06A7;ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06A8;ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06A9;ARABIC LETTER KEHEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER OPEN CAF;;;;
+06AA;ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER SWASH CAF;;;;
+06AB;ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER CAF WITH RING;;;;
+06AC;ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER CAF WITH DOT ABOVE;;;;
+06AD;ARABIC LETTER NG;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER CAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+06AE;ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER CAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;;;;
+06AF;ARABIC LETTER GAF;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;*;;;
+06B0;ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B1;ARABIC LETTER NGOEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+06B2;ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B3;ARABIC LETTER GUEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL BELOW;;;;
+06B4;ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B5;ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B6;ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B7;ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B8;ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06B9;ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06BA;ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS NOON;;;;
+06BB;ARABIC LETTER RNOON;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS NOON WITH SMALL TAH;;;;
+06BC;ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06BD;ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06BE;ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER KNOTTED HA;;;;
+06BF;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH WITH DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06C0;ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;06D5 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON HA;;;;
+06C1;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HA GOAL;;;;
+06C2;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;06C1 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON HA GOAL;;;;
+06C3;ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER TAA MARBUTAH GOAL;;;;
+06C4;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06C5;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH BAR;;;;
+06C6;ARABIC LETTER OE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH SMALL V;;;;
+06C7;ARABIC LETTER U;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DAMMAH;;;;
+06C8;ARABIC LETTER YU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH ALEF ABOVE;;;;
+06C9;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH INVERTED SMALL V;;;;
+06CA;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06CB;ARABIC LETTER VE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+06CC;ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER DOTLESS YA;;;;
+06CD;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA WITH TAIL;;;;
+06CE;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA WITH SMALL V;;;;
+06CF;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06D0;ARABIC LETTER E;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA WITH TWO DOTS VERTICAL BELOW;*;;;
+06D1;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA WITH THREE DOTS BELOW;;;;
+06D2;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER YA BARREE;;;;
+06D3;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;06D2 0654;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER HAMZAH ON YA BARREE;;;;
+06D4;ARABIC FULL STOP;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;ARABIC PERIOD;;;;
+06D5;ARABIC LETTER AE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06D6;ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE SAD WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06D7;ARABIC SMALL HIGH LIGATURE QAF WITH LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06D8;ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06D9;ARABIC SMALL HIGH LAM ALEF;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DA;ARABIC SMALL HIGH JEEM;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DB;ARABIC SMALL HIGH THREE DOTS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DC;ARABIC SMALL HIGH SEEN;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DD;ARABIC END OF AYAH;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DE;ARABIC START OF RUB EL HIZB;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06DF;ARABIC SMALL HIGH ROUNDED ZERO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E0;ARABIC SMALL HIGH UPRIGHT RECTANGULAR ZERO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E1;ARABIC SMALL HIGH DOTLESS HEAD OF KHAH;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E2;ARABIC SMALL HIGH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E3;ARABIC SMALL LOW SEEN;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E4;ARABIC SMALL HIGH MADDA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E5;ARABIC SMALL WAW;Lm;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E6;ARABIC SMALL YEH;Lm;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E7;ARABIC SMALL HIGH YEH;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E8;ARABIC SMALL HIGH NOON;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06E9;ARABIC PLACE OF SAJDAH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+06EA;ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE LOW STOP;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06EB;ARABIC EMPTY CENTRE HIGH STOP;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06EC;ARABIC ROUNDED HIGH STOP WITH FILLED CENTRE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06ED;ARABIC SMALL LOW MEEM;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+06F0;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;;0;0;0;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO;;;;
+06F1;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;;1;1;1;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE;;;;
+06F2;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;;2;2;2;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO;;;;
+06F3;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;;3;3;3;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE;;;;
+06F4;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;;4;4;4;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+06F5;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;;5;5;5;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+06F6;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;;6;6;6;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX;;;;
+06F7;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;;7;7;7;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+06F8;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;;8;8;8;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+06F9;EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;;9;9;9;N;EASTERN ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE;;;;
+06FA;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06FB;ARABIC LETTER DAD WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06FC;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN WITH DOT BELOW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06FD;ARABIC SIGN SINDHI AMPERSAND;So;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+06FE;ARABIC SIGN SINDHI POSTPOSITION MEN;So;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0700;SYRIAC END OF PARAGRAPH;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0701;SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR FULL STOP;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0702;SYRIAC SUBLINEAR FULL STOP;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0703;SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0704;SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0705;SYRIAC HORIZONTAL COLON;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0706;SYRIAC COLON SKEWED LEFT;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0707;SYRIAC COLON SKEWED RIGHT;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0708;SYRIAC SUPRALINEAR COLON SKEWED LEFT;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0709;SYRIAC SUBLINEAR COLON SKEWED RIGHT;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+070A;SYRIAC CONTRACTION;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+070B;SYRIAC HARKLEAN OBELUS;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+070C;SYRIAC HARKLEAN METOBELUS;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+070D;SYRIAC HARKLEAN ASTERISCUS;Po;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+070F;SYRIAC ABBREVIATION MARK;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+0710;SYRIAC LETTER ALAPH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0711;SYRIAC LETTER SUPERSCRIPT ALAPH;Mn;36;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0712;SYRIAC LETTER BETH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0713;SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0714;SYRIAC LETTER GAMAL GARSHUNI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0715;SYRIAC LETTER DALATH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0716;SYRIAC LETTER DOTLESS DALATH RISH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0717;SYRIAC LETTER HE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0718;SYRIAC LETTER WAW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0719;SYRIAC LETTER ZAIN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071A;SYRIAC LETTER HETH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071B;SYRIAC LETTER TETH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071C;SYRIAC LETTER TETH GARSHUNI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071D;SYRIAC LETTER YUDH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071E;SYRIAC LETTER YUDH HE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+071F;SYRIAC LETTER KAPH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0720;SYRIAC LETTER LAMADH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0721;SYRIAC LETTER MIM;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0722;SYRIAC LETTER NUN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0723;SYRIAC LETTER SEMKATH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0724;SYRIAC LETTER FINAL SEMKATH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0725;SYRIAC LETTER E;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0726;SYRIAC LETTER PE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0727;SYRIAC LETTER REVERSED PE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0728;SYRIAC LETTER SADHE;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0729;SYRIAC LETTER QAPH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+072A;SYRIAC LETTER RISH;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+072B;SYRIAC LETTER SHIN;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+072C;SYRIAC LETTER TAW;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0730;SYRIAC PTHAHA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0731;SYRIAC PTHAHA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0732;SYRIAC PTHAHA DOTTED;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0733;SYRIAC ZQAPHA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0734;SYRIAC ZQAPHA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0735;SYRIAC ZQAPHA DOTTED;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0736;SYRIAC RBASA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0737;SYRIAC RBASA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0738;SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA HORIZONTAL;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0739;SYRIAC DOTTED ZLAMA ANGULAR;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073A;SYRIAC HBASA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073B;SYRIAC HBASA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073C;SYRIAC HBASA-ESASA DOTTED;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073D;SYRIAC ESASA ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073E;SYRIAC ESASA BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+073F;SYRIAC RWAHA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0740;SYRIAC FEMININE DOT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0741;SYRIAC QUSHSHAYA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0742;SYRIAC RUKKAKHA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0743;SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0744;SYRIAC TWO VERTICAL DOTS BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0745;SYRIAC THREE DOTS ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0746;SYRIAC THREE DOTS BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0747;SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0748;SYRIAC OBLIQUE LINE BELOW;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0749;SYRIAC MUSIC;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+074A;SYRIAC BARREKH;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0780;THAANA LETTER HAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0781;THAANA LETTER SHAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0782;THAANA LETTER NOONU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0783;THAANA LETTER RAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0784;THAANA LETTER BAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0785;THAANA LETTER LHAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0786;THAANA LETTER KAAFU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0787;THAANA LETTER ALIFU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0788;THAANA LETTER VAAVU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0789;THAANA LETTER MEEMU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078A;THAANA LETTER FAAFU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078B;THAANA LETTER DHAALU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078C;THAANA LETTER THAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078D;THAANA LETTER LAAMU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078E;THAANA LETTER GAAFU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+078F;THAANA LETTER GNAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0790;THAANA LETTER SEENU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0791;THAANA LETTER DAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0792;THAANA LETTER ZAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0793;THAANA LETTER TAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0794;THAANA LETTER YAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0795;THAANA LETTER PAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0796;THAANA LETTER JAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0797;THAANA LETTER CHAVIYANI;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0798;THAANA LETTER TTAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+0799;THAANA LETTER HHAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079A;THAANA LETTER KHAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079B;THAANA LETTER THAALU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079C;THAANA LETTER ZAA;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079D;THAANA LETTER SHEENU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079E;THAANA LETTER SAADHU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+079F;THAANA LETTER DAADHU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A0;THAANA LETTER TO;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A1;THAANA LETTER ZO;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A2;THAANA LETTER AINU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A3;THAANA LETTER GHAINU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A4;THAANA LETTER QAAFU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A5;THAANA LETTER WAAVU;Lo;0;AL;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A6;THAANA ABAFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A7;THAANA AABAAFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A8;THAANA IBIFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07A9;THAANA EEBEEFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AA;THAANA UBUFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AB;THAANA OOBOOFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AC;THAANA EBEFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AD;THAANA EYBEYFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AE;THAANA OBOFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07AF;THAANA OABOAFILI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+07B0;THAANA SUKUN;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0901;DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0902;DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0903;DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0905;DEVANAGARI LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0906;DEVANAGARI LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0907;DEVANAGARI LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0908;DEVANAGARI LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0909;DEVANAGARI LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090A;DEVANAGARI LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090B;DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090C;DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090D;DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090E;DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+090F;DEVANAGARI LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0910;DEVANAGARI LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0911;DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0912;DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0913;DEVANAGARI LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0914;DEVANAGARI LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0915;DEVANAGARI LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0916;DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0917;DEVANAGARI LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0918;DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0919;DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091A;DEVANAGARI LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091B;DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091C;DEVANAGARI LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091D;DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091E;DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+091F;DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0920;DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0921;DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0922;DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0923;DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0924;DEVANAGARI LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0925;DEVANAGARI LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0926;DEVANAGARI LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0927;DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0928;DEVANAGARI LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0929;DEVANAGARI LETTER NNNA;Lo;0;L;0928 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+092A;DEVANAGARI LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+092B;DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+092C;DEVANAGARI LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+092D;DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+092E;DEVANAGARI LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+092F;DEVANAGARI LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0930;DEVANAGARI LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0931;DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;0930 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+0932;DEVANAGARI LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0933;DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0934;DEVANAGARI LETTER LLLA;Lo;0;L;0933 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+0935;DEVANAGARI LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0936;DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0937;DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0938;DEVANAGARI LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0939;DEVANAGARI LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+093C;DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+093D;DEVANAGARI SIGN AVAGRAHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+093E;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+093F;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0940;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0941;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0942;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0943;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0944;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0945;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0946;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0947;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0948;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0949;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+094A;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+094B;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+094C;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+094D;DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0950;DEVANAGARI OM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0951;DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN UDATTA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0952;DEVANAGARI STRESS SIGN ANUDATTA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0953;DEVANAGARI GRAVE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0954;DEVANAGARI ACUTE ACCENT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0958;DEVANAGARI LETTER QA;Lo;0;L;0915 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+0959;DEVANAGARI LETTER KHHA;Lo;0;L;0916 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095A;DEVANAGARI LETTER GHHA;Lo;0;L;0917 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095B;DEVANAGARI LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;091C 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095C;DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDHA;Lo;0;L;0921 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095D;DEVANAGARI LETTER RHA;Lo;0;L;0922 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095E;DEVANAGARI LETTER FA;Lo;0;L;092B 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+095F;DEVANAGARI LETTER YYA;Lo;0;L;092F 093C;;;;N;;;;;
+0960;DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0961;DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0962;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0963;DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0964;DEVANAGARI DANDA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0965;DEVANAGARI DOUBLE DANDA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0966;DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0967;DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0968;DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0969;DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+096A;DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+096B;DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+096C;DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+096D;DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+096E;DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+096F;DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0970;DEVANAGARI ABBREVIATION SIGN;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0981;BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0982;BENGALI SIGN ANUSVARA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0983;BENGALI SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0985;BENGALI LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0986;BENGALI LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0987;BENGALI LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0988;BENGALI LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0989;BENGALI LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+098A;BENGALI LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+098B;BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+098C;BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+098F;BENGALI LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0990;BENGALI LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0993;BENGALI LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0994;BENGALI LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0995;BENGALI LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0996;BENGALI LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0997;BENGALI LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0998;BENGALI LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0999;BENGALI LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099A;BENGALI LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099B;BENGALI LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099C;BENGALI LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099D;BENGALI LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099E;BENGALI LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+099F;BENGALI LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A0;BENGALI LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A1;BENGALI LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A2;BENGALI LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A3;BENGALI LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A4;BENGALI LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A5;BENGALI LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A6;BENGALI LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A7;BENGALI LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09A8;BENGALI LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AA;BENGALI LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AB;BENGALI LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AC;BENGALI LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AD;BENGALI LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AE;BENGALI LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09AF;BENGALI LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B0;BENGALI LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B2;BENGALI LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B6;BENGALI LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B7;BENGALI LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B8;BENGALI LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09B9;BENGALI LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09BC;BENGALI SIGN NUKTA;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09BE;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09BF;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C0;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C1;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C2;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C3;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C4;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C7;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09C8;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09CB;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;09C7 09BE;;;;N;;;;;
+09CC;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;09C7 09D7;;;;N;;;;;
+09CD;BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09D7;BENGALI AU LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09DC;BENGALI LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;09A1 09BC;;;;N;;;;;
+09DD;BENGALI LETTER RHA;Lo;0;L;09A2 09BC;;;;N;;;;;
+09DF;BENGALI LETTER YYA;Lo;0;L;09AF 09BC;;;;N;;;;;
+09E0;BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09E1;BENGALI LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09E2;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09E3;BENGALI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+09E6;BENGALI DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+09E7;BENGALI DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+09E8;BENGALI DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+09E9;BENGALI DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+09EA;BENGALI DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+09EB;BENGALI DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+09EC;BENGALI DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+09ED;BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+09EE;BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+09EF;BENGALI DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+09F0;BENGALI LETTER RA WITH MIDDLE DIAGONAL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Assamese;;;
+09F1;BENGALI LETTER RA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;BENGALI LETTER VA WITH LOWER DIAGONAL;Assamese;;;
+09F2;BENGALI RUPEE MARK;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+09F3;BENGALI RUPEE SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+09F4;BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE;No;0;L;;;;1;N;;;;;
+09F5;BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR TWO;No;0;L;;;;2;N;;;;;
+09F6;BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR THREE;No;0;L;;;;3;N;;;;;
+09F7;BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR FOUR;No;0;L;;;;4;N;;;;;
+09F8;BENGALI CURRENCY NUMERATOR ONE LESS THAN THE DENOMINATOR;No;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+09F9;BENGALI CURRENCY DENOMINATOR SIXTEEN;No;0;L;;;;16;N;;;;;
+09FA;BENGALI ISSHAR;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A02;GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A05;GURMUKHI LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A06;GURMUKHI LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A07;GURMUKHI LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A08;GURMUKHI LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A09;GURMUKHI LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A0A;GURMUKHI LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A0F;GURMUKHI LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A10;GURMUKHI LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A13;GURMUKHI LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A14;GURMUKHI LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A15;GURMUKHI LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A16;GURMUKHI LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A17;GURMUKHI LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A18;GURMUKHI LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A19;GURMUKHI LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1A;GURMUKHI LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1B;GURMUKHI LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1C;GURMUKHI LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1D;GURMUKHI LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1E;GURMUKHI LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A1F;GURMUKHI LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A20;GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A21;GURMUKHI LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A22;GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A23;GURMUKHI LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A24;GURMUKHI LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A25;GURMUKHI LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A26;GURMUKHI LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A27;GURMUKHI LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A28;GURMUKHI LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2A;GURMUKHI LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2B;GURMUKHI LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2C;GURMUKHI LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2D;GURMUKHI LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2E;GURMUKHI LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A2F;GURMUKHI LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A30;GURMUKHI LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A32;GURMUKHI LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A33;GURMUKHI LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;0A32 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A35;GURMUKHI LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A36;GURMUKHI LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;0A38 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A38;GURMUKHI LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A39;GURMUKHI LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A3C;GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A3E;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A3F;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A40;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A41;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A42;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A47;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A48;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A4B;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A4C;GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A4D;GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A59;GURMUKHI LETTER KHHA;Lo;0;L;0A16 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A5A;GURMUKHI LETTER GHHA;Lo;0;L;0A17 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A5B;GURMUKHI LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;0A1C 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A5C;GURMUKHI LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A5E;GURMUKHI LETTER FA;Lo;0;L;0A2B 0A3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0A66;GURMUKHI DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0A67;GURMUKHI DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0A68;GURMUKHI DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0A69;GURMUKHI DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0A6A;GURMUKHI DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0A6B;GURMUKHI DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0A6C;GURMUKHI DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0A6D;GURMUKHI DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0A6E;GURMUKHI DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0A6F;GURMUKHI DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0A70;GURMUKHI TIPPI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A71;GURMUKHI ADDAK;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A72;GURMUKHI IRI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A73;GURMUKHI URA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A74;GURMUKHI EK ONKAR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A81;GUJARATI SIGN CANDRABINDU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A82;GUJARATI SIGN ANUSVARA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A83;GUJARATI SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A85;GUJARATI LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A86;GUJARATI LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A87;GUJARATI LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A88;GUJARATI LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A89;GUJARATI LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A8A;GUJARATI LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A8B;GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A8D;GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A8F;GUJARATI LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A90;GUJARATI LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A91;GUJARATI VOWEL CANDRA O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A93;GUJARATI LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A94;GUJARATI LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A95;GUJARATI LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A96;GUJARATI LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A97;GUJARATI LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A98;GUJARATI LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A99;GUJARATI LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9A;GUJARATI LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9B;GUJARATI LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9C;GUJARATI LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9D;GUJARATI LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9E;GUJARATI LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0A9F;GUJARATI LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA0;GUJARATI LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA1;GUJARATI LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA2;GUJARATI LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA3;GUJARATI LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA4;GUJARATI LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA5;GUJARATI LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA6;GUJARATI LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA7;GUJARATI LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AA8;GUJARATI LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAA;GUJARATI LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAB;GUJARATI LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAC;GUJARATI LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAD;GUJARATI LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAE;GUJARATI LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AAF;GUJARATI LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB0;GUJARATI LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB2;GUJARATI LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB3;GUJARATI LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB5;GUJARATI LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB6;GUJARATI LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB7;GUJARATI LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB8;GUJARATI LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AB9;GUJARATI LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ABC;GUJARATI SIGN NUKTA;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ABD;GUJARATI SIGN AVAGRAHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ABE;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ABF;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC0;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC1;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC2;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC3;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC4;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC5;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC7;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC8;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AC9;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ACB;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ACC;GUJARATI VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ACD;GUJARATI SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AD0;GUJARATI OM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AE0;GUJARATI LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0AE6;GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0AE7;GUJARATI DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0AE8;GUJARATI DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0AE9;GUJARATI DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0AEA;GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0AEB;GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0AEC;GUJARATI DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0AED;GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0AEE;GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0AEF;GUJARATI DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0B01;ORIYA SIGN CANDRABINDU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B02;ORIYA SIGN ANUSVARA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B03;ORIYA SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B05;ORIYA LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B06;ORIYA LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B07;ORIYA LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B08;ORIYA LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B09;ORIYA LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B0A;ORIYA LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B0B;ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B0C;ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B0F;ORIYA LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B10;ORIYA LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B13;ORIYA LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B14;ORIYA LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B15;ORIYA LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B16;ORIYA LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B17;ORIYA LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B18;ORIYA LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B19;ORIYA LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1A;ORIYA LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1B;ORIYA LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1C;ORIYA LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1D;ORIYA LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1E;ORIYA LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B1F;ORIYA LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B20;ORIYA LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B21;ORIYA LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B22;ORIYA LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B23;ORIYA LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B24;ORIYA LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B25;ORIYA LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B26;ORIYA LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B27;ORIYA LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B28;ORIYA LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2A;ORIYA LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2B;ORIYA LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2C;ORIYA LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2D;ORIYA LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2E;ORIYA LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B2F;ORIYA LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B30;ORIYA LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B32;ORIYA LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B33;ORIYA LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B36;ORIYA LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B37;ORIYA LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B38;ORIYA LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B39;ORIYA LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B3C;ORIYA SIGN NUKTA;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B3D;ORIYA SIGN AVAGRAHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B3E;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B3F;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B40;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B41;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B42;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B43;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B47;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B48;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;0B47 0B56;;;;N;;;;;
+0B4B;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;0B47 0B3E;;;;N;;;;;
+0B4C;ORIYA VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;0B47 0B57;;;;N;;;;;
+0B4D;ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B56;ORIYA AI LENGTH MARK;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B57;ORIYA AU LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B5C;ORIYA LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;0B21 0B3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0B5D;ORIYA LETTER RHA;Lo;0;L;0B22 0B3C;;;;N;;;;;
+0B5F;ORIYA LETTER YYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B60;ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B61;ORIYA LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B66;ORIYA DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0B67;ORIYA DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0B68;ORIYA DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0B69;ORIYA DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0B6A;ORIYA DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0B6B;ORIYA DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0B6C;ORIYA DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0B6D;ORIYA DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0B6E;ORIYA DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0B6F;ORIYA DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0B70;ORIYA ISSHAR;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B82;TAMIL SIGN ANUSVARA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B83;TAMIL SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B85;TAMIL LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B86;TAMIL LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B87;TAMIL LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B88;TAMIL LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B89;TAMIL LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B8A;TAMIL LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B8E;TAMIL LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B8F;TAMIL LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B90;TAMIL LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B92;TAMIL LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B93;TAMIL LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B94;TAMIL LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;0B92 0BD7;;;;N;;;;;
+0B95;TAMIL LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B99;TAMIL LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B9A;TAMIL LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B9C;TAMIL LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B9E;TAMIL LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0B9F;TAMIL LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BA3;TAMIL LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BA4;TAMIL LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BA8;TAMIL LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BA9;TAMIL LETTER NNNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BAA;TAMIL LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BAE;TAMIL LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BAF;TAMIL LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB0;TAMIL LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB1;TAMIL LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB2;TAMIL LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB3;TAMIL LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB4;TAMIL LETTER LLLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB5;TAMIL LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB7;TAMIL LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB8;TAMIL LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BB9;TAMIL LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BBE;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BBF;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC0;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC1;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN U;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC2;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN UU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC6;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC7;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN EE;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BC8;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BCA;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;0BC6 0BBE;;;;N;;;;;
+0BCB;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN OO;Mc;0;L;0BC7 0BBE;;;;N;;;;;
+0BCC;TAMIL VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;0BC6 0BD7;;;;N;;;;;
+0BCD;TAMIL SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BD7;TAMIL AU LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0BE7;TAMIL DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0BE8;TAMIL DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0BE9;TAMIL DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0BEA;TAMIL DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0BEB;TAMIL DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0BEC;TAMIL DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0BED;TAMIL DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0BEE;TAMIL DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0BEF;TAMIL DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0BF0;TAMIL NUMBER TEN;No;0;L;;;;10;N;;;;;
+0BF1;TAMIL NUMBER ONE HUNDRED;No;0;L;;;;100;N;;;;;
+0BF2;TAMIL NUMBER ONE THOUSAND;No;0;L;;;;1000;N;;;;;
+0C01;TELUGU SIGN CANDRABINDU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C02;TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C03;TELUGU SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C05;TELUGU LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C06;TELUGU LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C07;TELUGU LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C08;TELUGU LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C09;TELUGU LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C0A;TELUGU LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C0B;TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C0C;TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C0E;TELUGU LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C0F;TELUGU LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C10;TELUGU LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C12;TELUGU LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C13;TELUGU LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C14;TELUGU LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C15;TELUGU LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C16;TELUGU LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C17;TELUGU LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C18;TELUGU LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C19;TELUGU LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1A;TELUGU LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1B;TELUGU LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1C;TELUGU LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1D;TELUGU LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1E;TELUGU LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C1F;TELUGU LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C20;TELUGU LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C21;TELUGU LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C22;TELUGU LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C23;TELUGU LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C24;TELUGU LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C25;TELUGU LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C26;TELUGU LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C27;TELUGU LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C28;TELUGU LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2A;TELUGU LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2B;TELUGU LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2C;TELUGU LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2D;TELUGU LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2E;TELUGU LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C2F;TELUGU LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C30;TELUGU LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C31;TELUGU LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C32;TELUGU LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C33;TELUGU LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C35;TELUGU LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C36;TELUGU LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C37;TELUGU LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C38;TELUGU LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C39;TELUGU LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C3E;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C3F;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C40;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C41;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C42;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN UU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C43;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C44;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C46;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C47;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN EE;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C48;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AI;Mn;0;NSM;0C46 0C56;;;;N;;;;;
+0C4A;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN O;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C4B;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN OO;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C4C;TELUGU VOWEL SIGN AU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C4D;TELUGU SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C55;TELUGU LENGTH MARK;Mn;84;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C56;TELUGU AI LENGTH MARK;Mn;91;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C60;TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C61;TELUGU LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C66;TELUGU DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0C67;TELUGU DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0C68;TELUGU DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0C69;TELUGU DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0C6A;TELUGU DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0C6B;TELUGU DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0C6C;TELUGU DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0C6D;TELUGU DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0C6E;TELUGU DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0C6F;TELUGU DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0C82;KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C83;KANNADA SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C85;KANNADA LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C86;KANNADA LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C87;KANNADA LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C88;KANNADA LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C89;KANNADA LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C8A;KANNADA LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C8B;KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C8C;KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C8E;KANNADA LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C8F;KANNADA LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C90;KANNADA LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C92;KANNADA LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C93;KANNADA LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C94;KANNADA LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C95;KANNADA LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C96;KANNADA LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C97;KANNADA LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C98;KANNADA LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C99;KANNADA LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9A;KANNADA LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9B;KANNADA LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9C;KANNADA LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9D;KANNADA LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9E;KANNADA LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0C9F;KANNADA LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA0;KANNADA LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA1;KANNADA LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA2;KANNADA LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA3;KANNADA LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA4;KANNADA LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA5;KANNADA LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA6;KANNADA LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA7;KANNADA LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CA8;KANNADA LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAA;KANNADA LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAB;KANNADA LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAC;KANNADA LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAD;KANNADA LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAE;KANNADA LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CAF;KANNADA LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB0;KANNADA LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB1;KANNADA LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB2;KANNADA LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB3;KANNADA LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB5;KANNADA LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB6;KANNADA LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB7;KANNADA LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB8;KANNADA LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CB9;KANNADA LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CBE;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CBF;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC0;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;0CBF 0CD5;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC1;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC2;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC3;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC4;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC6;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC7;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE;Mc;0;L;0CC6 0CD5;;;;N;;;;;
+0CC8;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;0CC6 0CD6;;;;N;;;;;
+0CCA;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;0CC6 0CC2;;;;N;;;;;
+0CCB;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO;Mc;0;L;0CCA 0CD5;;;;N;;;;;
+0CCC;KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CCD;KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CD5;KANNADA LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CD6;KANNADA AI LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CDE;KANNADA LETTER FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CE0;KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CE1;KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0CE6;KANNADA DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0CE7;KANNADA DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0CE8;KANNADA DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0CE9;KANNADA DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0CEA;KANNADA DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0CEB;KANNADA DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0CEC;KANNADA DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0CED;KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0CEE;KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0CEF;KANNADA DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0D02;MALAYALAM SIGN ANUSVARA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D03;MALAYALAM SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D05;MALAYALAM LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D06;MALAYALAM LETTER AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D07;MALAYALAM LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D08;MALAYALAM LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D09;MALAYALAM LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D0A;MALAYALAM LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D0B;MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D0C;MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D0E;MALAYALAM LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D0F;MALAYALAM LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D10;MALAYALAM LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D12;MALAYALAM LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D13;MALAYALAM LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D14;MALAYALAM LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D15;MALAYALAM LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D16;MALAYALAM LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D17;MALAYALAM LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D18;MALAYALAM LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D19;MALAYALAM LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1A;MALAYALAM LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1B;MALAYALAM LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1C;MALAYALAM LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1D;MALAYALAM LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1E;MALAYALAM LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D1F;MALAYALAM LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D20;MALAYALAM LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D21;MALAYALAM LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D22;MALAYALAM LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D23;MALAYALAM LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D24;MALAYALAM LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D25;MALAYALAM LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D26;MALAYALAM LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D27;MALAYALAM LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D28;MALAYALAM LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2A;MALAYALAM LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2B;MALAYALAM LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2C;MALAYALAM LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2D;MALAYALAM LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2E;MALAYALAM LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D2F;MALAYALAM LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D30;MALAYALAM LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D31;MALAYALAM LETTER RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D32;MALAYALAM LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D33;MALAYALAM LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D34;MALAYALAM LETTER LLLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D35;MALAYALAM LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D36;MALAYALAM LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D37;MALAYALAM LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D38;MALAYALAM LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D39;MALAYALAM LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D3E;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D3F;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN I;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D40;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN II;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D41;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D42;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D43;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D46;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D47;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN EE;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D48;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D4A;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN O;Mc;0;L;0D46 0D3E;;;;N;;;;;
+0D4B;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN OO;Mc;0;L;0D47 0D3E;;;;N;;;;;
+0D4C;MALAYALAM VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;0D46 0D57;;;;N;;;;;
+0D4D;MALAYALAM SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D57;MALAYALAM AU LENGTH MARK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D60;MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D61;MALAYALAM LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D66;MALAYALAM DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0D67;MALAYALAM DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0D68;MALAYALAM DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0D69;MALAYALAM DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0D6A;MALAYALAM DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0D6B;MALAYALAM DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0D6C;MALAYALAM DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0D6D;MALAYALAM DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0D6E;MALAYALAM DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0D6F;MALAYALAM DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0D82;SINHALA SIGN ANUSVARAYA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D83;SINHALA SIGN VISARGAYA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D85;SINHALA LETTER AYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D86;SINHALA LETTER AAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D87;SINHALA LETTER AEYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D88;SINHALA LETTER AEEYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D89;SINHALA LETTER IYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8A;SINHALA LETTER IIYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8B;SINHALA LETTER UYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8C;SINHALA LETTER UUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8D;SINHALA LETTER IRUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8E;SINHALA LETTER IRUUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D8F;SINHALA LETTER ILUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D90;SINHALA LETTER ILUUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D91;SINHALA LETTER EYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D92;SINHALA LETTER EEYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D93;SINHALA LETTER AIYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D94;SINHALA LETTER OYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D95;SINHALA LETTER OOYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D96;SINHALA LETTER AUYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9A;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA KAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9B;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA KAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9C;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA GAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9D;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA GAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9E;SINHALA LETTER KANTAJA NAASIKYAYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0D9F;SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA GAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA0;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA CAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA1;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA CAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA2;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA JAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA3;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA JAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA4;SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA NAASIKYAYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA5;SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SANYOOGA NAAKSIKYAYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA6;SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA JAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA7;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TTAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA8;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TTAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DA9;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DDAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAA;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DDAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAB;SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA NAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAC;SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DDAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAD;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA TAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAE;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA TAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DAF;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA DAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB0;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA DAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB1;SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA NAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB3;SINHALA LETTER SANYAKA DAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB4;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA PAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB5;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA PAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB6;SINHALA LETTER ALPAPRAANA BAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB7;SINHALA LETTER MAHAAPRAANA BAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB8;SINHALA LETTER MAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DB9;SINHALA LETTER AMBA BAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DBA;SINHALA LETTER YAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DBB;SINHALA LETTER RAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DBD;SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA LAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC0;SINHALA LETTER VAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC1;SINHALA LETTER TAALUJA SAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC2;SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA SAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC3;SINHALA LETTER DANTAJA SAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC4;SINHALA LETTER HAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC5;SINHALA LETTER MUURDHAJA LAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DC6;SINHALA LETTER FAYANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DCA;SINHALA SIGN AL-LAKUNA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DCF;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN AELA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD0;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI AEDA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD1;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA AEDA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD2;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI IS-PILLA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD3;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA IS-PILLA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD4;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KETTI PAA-PILLA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD6;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA PAA-PILLA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD8;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAETTA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DD9;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDA;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA KOMBUVA;Mc;0;L;0DD9 0DCA;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDB;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBU DEKA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDC;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA AELA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;0DD9 0DCF;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDD;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA DIGA AELA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;0DDC 0DCA;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDE;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN KOMBUVA HAA GAYANUKITTA;Mc;0;L;0DD9 0DDF;;;;N;;;;;
+0DDF;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN GAYANUKITTA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DF2;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAETTA-PILLA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DF3;SINHALA VOWEL SIGN DIGA GAYANUKITTA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0DF4;SINHALA PUNCTUATION KUNDDALIYA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E01;THAI CHARACTER KO KAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KO KAI;;;;
+0E02;THAI CHARACTER KHO KHAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KHO KHAI;;;;
+0E03;THAI CHARACTER KHO KHUAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KHO KHUAT;;;;
+0E04;THAI CHARACTER KHO KHWAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KHO KHWAI;;;;
+0E05;THAI CHARACTER KHO KHON;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KHO KHON;;;;
+0E06;THAI CHARACTER KHO RAKHANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER KHO RAKHANG;;;;
+0E07;THAI CHARACTER NGO NGU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER NGO NGU;;;;
+0E08;THAI CHARACTER CHO CHAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER CHO CHAN;;;;
+0E09;THAI CHARACTER CHO CHING;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER CHO CHING;;;;
+0E0A;THAI CHARACTER CHO CHANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER CHO CHANG;;;;
+0E0B;THAI CHARACTER SO SO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER SO SO;;;;
+0E0C;THAI CHARACTER CHO CHOE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER CHO CHOE;;;;
+0E0D;THAI CHARACTER YO YING;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER YO YING;;;;
+0E0E;THAI CHARACTER DO CHADA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER DO CHADA;;;;
+0E0F;THAI CHARACTER TO PATAK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER TO PATAK;;;;
+0E10;THAI CHARACTER THO THAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO THAN;;;;
+0E11;THAI CHARACTER THO NANGMONTHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO NANGMONTHO;;;;
+0E12;THAI CHARACTER THO PHUTHAO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO PHUTHAO;;;;
+0E13;THAI CHARACTER NO NEN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER NO NEN;;;;
+0E14;THAI CHARACTER DO DEK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER DO DEK;;;;
+0E15;THAI CHARACTER TO TAO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER TO TAO;;;;
+0E16;THAI CHARACTER THO THUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO THUNG;;;;
+0E17;THAI CHARACTER THO THAHAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO THAHAN;;;;
+0E18;THAI CHARACTER THO THONG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER THO THONG;;;;
+0E19;THAI CHARACTER NO NU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER NO NU;;;;
+0E1A;THAI CHARACTER BO BAIMAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER BO BAIMAI;;;;
+0E1B;THAI CHARACTER PO PLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER PO PLA;;;;
+0E1C;THAI CHARACTER PHO PHUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER PHO PHUNG;;;;
+0E1D;THAI CHARACTER FO FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER FO FA;;;;
+0E1E;THAI CHARACTER PHO PHAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER PHO PHAN;;;;
+0E1F;THAI CHARACTER FO FAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER FO FAN;;;;
+0E20;THAI CHARACTER PHO SAMPHAO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER PHO SAMPHAO;;;;
+0E21;THAI CHARACTER MO MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER MO MA;;;;
+0E22;THAI CHARACTER YO YAK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER YO YAK;;;;
+0E23;THAI CHARACTER RO RUA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER RO RUA;;;;
+0E24;THAI CHARACTER RU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER RU;;;;
+0E25;THAI CHARACTER LO LING;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER LO LING;;;;
+0E26;THAI CHARACTER LU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER LU;;;;
+0E27;THAI CHARACTER WO WAEN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER WO WAEN;;;;
+0E28;THAI CHARACTER SO SALA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER SO SALA;;;;
+0E29;THAI CHARACTER SO RUSI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER SO RUSI;;;;
+0E2A;THAI CHARACTER SO SUA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER SO SUA;;;;
+0E2B;THAI CHARACTER HO HIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER HO HIP;;;;
+0E2C;THAI CHARACTER LO CHULA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER LO CHULA;;;;
+0E2D;THAI CHARACTER O ANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER O ANG;;;;
+0E2E;THAI CHARACTER HO NOKHUK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LETTER HO NOK HUK;;;;
+0E2F;THAI CHARACTER PAIYANNOI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI PAI YAN NOI;paiyan noi;;;
+0E30;THAI CHARACTER SARA A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA A;;;;
+0E31;THAI CHARACTER MAI HAN-AKAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN MAI HAN-AKAT;;;;
+0E32;THAI CHARACTER SARA AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA AA;;;;
+0E33;THAI CHARACTER SARA AM;Lo;0;L;<compat> 0E4D 0E32;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA AM;;;;
+0E34;THAI CHARACTER SARA I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA I;;;;
+0E35;THAI CHARACTER SARA II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA II;;;;
+0E36;THAI CHARACTER SARA UE;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA UE;;;;
+0E37;THAI CHARACTER SARA UEE;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA UEE;sara uue;;;
+0E38;THAI CHARACTER SARA U;Mn;103;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA U;;;;
+0E39;THAI CHARACTER SARA UU;Mn;103;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA UU;;;;
+0E3A;THAI CHARACTER PHINTHU;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN PHINTHU;;;;
+0E3F;THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;THAI BAHT SIGN;;;;
+0E40;THAI CHARACTER SARA E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA E;;;;
+0E41;THAI CHARACTER SARA AE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA AE;;;;
+0E42;THAI CHARACTER SARA O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA O;;;;
+0E43;THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMUAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA MAI MUAN;sara ai mai muan;;;
+0E44;THAI CHARACTER SARA AI MAIMALAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN SARA MAI MALAI;sara ai mai malai;;;
+0E45;THAI CHARACTER LAKKHANGYAO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;THAI LAK KHANG YAO;lakkhang yao;;;
+0E46;THAI CHARACTER MAIYAMOK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;THAI MAI YAMOK;mai yamok;;;
+0E47;THAI CHARACTER MAITAIKHU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI VOWEL SIGN MAI TAI KHU;mai taikhu;;;
+0E48;THAI CHARACTER MAI EK;Mn;107;NSM;;;;;N;THAI TONE MAI EK;;;;
+0E49;THAI CHARACTER MAI THO;Mn;107;NSM;;;;;N;THAI TONE MAI THO;;;;
+0E4A;THAI CHARACTER MAI TRI;Mn;107;NSM;;;;;N;THAI TONE MAI TRI;;;;
+0E4B;THAI CHARACTER MAI CHATTAWA;Mn;107;NSM;;;;;N;THAI TONE MAI CHATTAWA;;;;
+0E4C;THAI CHARACTER THANTHAKHAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI THANTHAKHAT;;;;
+0E4D;THAI CHARACTER NIKHAHIT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI NIKKHAHIT;nikkhahit;;;
+0E4E;THAI CHARACTER YAMAKKAN;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;THAI YAMAKKAN;;;;
+0E4F;THAI CHARACTER FONGMAN;Po;0;L;;;;;N;THAI FONGMAN;;;;
+0E50;THAI DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0E51;THAI DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0E52;THAI DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0E53;THAI DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0E54;THAI DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0E55;THAI DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0E56;THAI DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0E57;THAI DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0E58;THAI DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0E59;THAI DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0E5A;THAI CHARACTER ANGKHANKHU;Po;0;L;;;;;N;THAI ANGKHANKHU;;;;
+0E5B;THAI CHARACTER KHOMUT;Po;0;L;;;;;N;THAI KHOMUT;;;;
+0E81;LAO LETTER KO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E82;LAO LETTER KHO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E84;LAO LETTER KHO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E87;LAO LETTER NGO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E88;LAO LETTER CO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E8A;LAO LETTER SO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E8D;LAO LETTER NYO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E94;LAO LETTER DO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E95;LAO LETTER TO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E96;LAO LETTER THO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E97;LAO LETTER THO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E99;LAO LETTER NO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9A;LAO LETTER BO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9B;LAO LETTER PO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9C;LAO LETTER PHO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9D;LAO LETTER FO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9E;LAO LETTER PHO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0E9F;LAO LETTER FO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EA1;LAO LETTER MO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EA2;LAO LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EA3;LAO LETTER LO LING;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EA5;LAO LETTER LO LOOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EA7;LAO LETTER WO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EAA;LAO LETTER SO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EAB;LAO LETTER HO SUNG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EAD;LAO LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EAE;LAO LETTER HO TAM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EAF;LAO ELLIPSIS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB0;LAO VOWEL SIGN A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB1;LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KAN;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB2;LAO VOWEL SIGN AA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB3;LAO VOWEL SIGN AM;Lo;0;L;<compat> 0ECD 0EB2;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB4;LAO VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB5;LAO VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB6;LAO VOWEL SIGN Y;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB7;LAO VOWEL SIGN YY;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB8;LAO VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;118;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EB9;LAO VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;118;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EBB;LAO VOWEL SIGN MAI KON;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EBC;LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN LO;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EBD;LAO SEMIVOWEL SIGN NYO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC0;LAO VOWEL SIGN E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC1;LAO VOWEL SIGN EI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC2;LAO VOWEL SIGN O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC3;LAO VOWEL SIGN AY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC4;LAO VOWEL SIGN AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC6;LAO KO LA;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC8;LAO TONE MAI EK;Mn;122;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0EC9;LAO TONE MAI THO;Mn;122;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ECA;LAO TONE MAI TI;Mn;122;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ECB;LAO TONE MAI CATAWA;Mn;122;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ECC;LAO CANCELLATION MARK;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ECD;LAO NIGGAHITA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0ED0;LAO DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0ED1;LAO DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0ED2;LAO DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0ED3;LAO DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0ED4;LAO DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0ED5;LAO DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0ED6;LAO DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0ED7;LAO DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0ED8;LAO DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0ED9;LAO DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0EDC;LAO HO NO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 0EAB 0E99;;;;N;;;;;
+0EDD;LAO HO MO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 0EAB 0EA1;;;;N;;;;;
+0F00;TIBETAN SYLLABLE OM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F01;TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO TRUNCATED A;So;0;L;;;;;N;;ter yik go a thung;;;
+0F02;TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM RNAM BCAD MA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;ter yik go wum nam chey ma;;;
+0F03;TIBETAN MARK GTER YIG MGO -UM GTER TSHEG MA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;ter yik go wum ter tsek ma;;;
+0F04;TIBETAN MARK INITIAL YIG MGO MDUN MA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN SINGLE ORNAMENT;yik go dun ma;;;
+0F05;TIBETAN MARK CLOSING YIG MGO SGAB MA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;yik go kab ma;;;
+0F06;TIBETAN MARK CARET YIG MGO PHUR SHAD MA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;yik go pur shey ma;;;
+0F07;TIBETAN MARK YIG MGO TSHEG SHAD MA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;yik go tsek shey ma;;;
+0F08;TIBETAN MARK SBRUL SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN RGYANSHAD;drul shey;;;
+0F09;TIBETAN MARK BSKUR YIG MGO;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;kur yik go;;;
+0F0A;TIBETAN MARK BKA- SHOG YIG MGO;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;ka sho yik go;;;
+0F0B;TIBETAN MARK INTERSYLLABIC TSHEG;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN TSEG;tsek;;;
+0F0C;TIBETAN MARK DELIMITER TSHEG BSTAR;Po;0;L;<noBreak> 0F0B;;;;N;;tsek tar;;;
+0F0D;TIBETAN MARK SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN SHAD;shey;;;
+0F0E;TIBETAN MARK NYIS SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN DOUBLE SHAD;nyi shey;;;
+0F0F;TIBETAN MARK TSHEG SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;tsek shey;;;
+0F10;TIBETAN MARK NYIS TSHEG SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;nyi tsek shey;;;
+0F11;TIBETAN MARK RIN CHEN SPUNGS SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN RINCHANPHUNGSHAD;rinchen pung shey;;;
+0F12;TIBETAN MARK RGYA GRAM SHAD;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;gya tram shey;;;
+0F13;TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS ME LONG CAN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dzu ta me long chen;;;
+0F14;TIBETAN MARK GTER TSHEG;So;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN COMMA;ter tsek;;;
+0F15;TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN CHAD RTAGS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;che ta;;;
+0F16;TIBETAN LOGOTYPE SIGN LHAG RTAGS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;hlak ta;;;
+0F17;TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SGRA GCAN -CHAR RTAGS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;trachen char ta;;;
+0F18;TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN -KHYUD PA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;kyu pa;;;
+0F19;TIBETAN ASTROLOGICAL SIGN SDONG TSHUGS;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;dong tsu;;;
+0F1A;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GCIG;So;0;L;;;;;N;;deka chig;;;
+0F1B;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GNYIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;deka nyi;;;
+0F1C;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR GSUM;So;0;L;;;;;N;;deka sum;;;
+0F1D;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GCIG;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dena chig;;;
+0F1E;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GNYIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dena nyi;;;
+0F1F;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL DKAR RDEL NAG;So;0;L;;;;;N;;deka dena;;;
+0F20;TIBETAN DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+0F21;TIBETAN DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+0F22;TIBETAN DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+0F23;TIBETAN DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+0F24;TIBETAN DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+0F25;TIBETAN DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+0F26;TIBETAN DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+0F27;TIBETAN DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+0F28;TIBETAN DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+0F29;TIBETAN DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+0F2A;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ONE;No;0;L;;;;1/2;N;;;;;
+0F2B;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF TWO;No;0;L;;;;3/2;N;;;;;
+0F2C;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF THREE;No;0;L;;;;5/2;N;;;;;
+0F2D;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FOUR;No;0;L;;;;7/2;N;;;;;
+0F2E;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF FIVE;No;0;L;;;;9/2;N;;;;;
+0F2F;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SIX;No;0;L;;;;11/2;N;;;;;
+0F30;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF SEVEN;No;0;L;;;;13/2;N;;;;;
+0F31;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF EIGHT;No;0;L;;;;15/2;N;;;;;
+0F32;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF NINE;No;0;L;;;;17/2;N;;;;;
+0F33;TIBETAN DIGIT HALF ZERO;No;0;L;;;;-1/2;N;;;;;
+0F34;TIBETAN MARK BSDUS RTAGS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;du ta;;;
+0F35;TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG NYI ZLA;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN HONORIFIC UNDER RING;nge zung nyi da;;;
+0F36;TIBETAN MARK CARET -DZUD RTAGS BZHI MIG CAN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dzu ta shi mig chen;;;
+0F37;TIBETAN MARK NGAS BZUNG SGOR RTAGS;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN UNDER RING;nge zung gor ta;;;
+0F38;TIBETAN MARK CHE MGO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;che go;;;
+0F39;TIBETAN MARK TSA -PHRU;Mn;216;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN LENITION MARK;tsa tru;;;
+0F3A;TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYON;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;;gug ta yun;;;
+0F3B;TIBETAN MARK GUG RTAGS GYAS;Pe;0;ON;;;;;N;;gug ta ye;;;
+0F3C;TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYON;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;TIBETAN LEFT BRACE;ang kang yun;;;
+0F3D;TIBETAN MARK ANG KHANG GYAS;Pe;0;ON;;;;;N;TIBETAN RIGHT BRACE;ang kang ye;;;
+0F3E;TIBETAN SIGN YAR TSHES;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;yar tse;;;
+0F3F;TIBETAN SIGN MAR TSHES;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;mar tse;;;
+0F40;TIBETAN LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F41;TIBETAN LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F42;TIBETAN LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F43;TIBETAN LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;0F42 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F44;TIBETAN LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F45;TIBETAN LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F46;TIBETAN LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F47;TIBETAN LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F49;TIBETAN LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F4A;TIBETAN LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER REVERSED TA;;;;
+0F4B;TIBETAN LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER REVERSED THA;;;;
+0F4C;TIBETAN LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER REVERSED DA;;;;
+0F4D;TIBETAN LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;0F4C 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F4E;TIBETAN LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER REVERSED NA;;;;
+0F4F;TIBETAN LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F50;TIBETAN LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F51;TIBETAN LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F52;TIBETAN LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;0F51 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F53;TIBETAN LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F54;TIBETAN LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F55;TIBETAN LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F56;TIBETAN LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F57;TIBETAN LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;0F56 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F58;TIBETAN LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F59;TIBETAN LETTER TSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5A;TIBETAN LETTER TSHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5B;TIBETAN LETTER DZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5C;TIBETAN LETTER DZHA;Lo;0;L;0F5B 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5D;TIBETAN LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5E;TIBETAN LETTER ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F5F;TIBETAN LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F60;TIBETAN LETTER -A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER AA;;;;
+0F61;TIBETAN LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F62;TIBETAN LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0F63;TIBETAN LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F64;TIBETAN LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F65;TIBETAN LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN LETTER REVERSED SHA;;;;
+0F66;TIBETAN LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F67;TIBETAN LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F68;TIBETAN LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F69;TIBETAN LETTER KSSA;Lo;0;L;0F40 0FB5;;;;N;;;;;
+0F6A;TIBETAN LETTER FIXED-FORM RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0F71;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AA;Mn;129;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F72;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F73;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;0F71 0F72;;;;N;;;;;
+0F74;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;132;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F75;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;0F71 0F74;;;;N;;;;;
+0F76;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mn;0;NSM;0FB2 0F80;;;;N;;;;;
+0F77;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mn;0;NSM;<compat> 0FB2 0F81;;;;N;;;;;
+0F78;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L;Mn;0;NSM;0FB3 0F80;;;;N;;;;;
+0F79;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL;Mn;0;NSM;<compat> 0FB3 0F81;;;;N;;;;;
+0F7A;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN E;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F7B;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN EE;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AI;;;;
+0F7C;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN O;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F7D;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN OO;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN AU;;;;
+0F7E;TIBETAN SIGN RJES SU NGA RO;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN ANUSVARA;je su nga ro;;;
+0F7F;TIBETAN SIGN RNAM BCAD;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN VISARGA;nam chey;;;
+0F80;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED I;Mn;130;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN SHORT I;;;;
+0F81;TIBETAN VOWEL SIGN REVERSED II;Mn;0;NSM;0F71 0F80;;;;N;;;;;
+0F82;TIBETAN SIGN NYI ZLA NAA DA;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN CANDRABINDU WITH ORNAMENT;nyi da na da;;;
+0F83;TIBETAN SIGN SNA LDAN;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN CANDRABINDU;nan de;;;
+0F84;TIBETAN MARK HALANTA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;TIBETAN VIRAMA;;;;
+0F85;TIBETAN MARK PALUTA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;TIBETAN CHUCHENYIGE;;;;
+0F86;TIBETAN SIGN LCI RTAGS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;ji ta;;;
+0F87;TIBETAN SIGN YANG RTAGS;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;yang ta;;;
+0F88;TIBETAN SIGN LCE TSA CAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;che tsa chen;;;
+0F89;TIBETAN SIGN MCHU CAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;chu chen;;;
+0F8A;TIBETAN SIGN GRU CAN RGYINGS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;tru chen ging;;;
+0F8B;TIBETAN SIGN GRU MED RGYINGS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;tru me ging;;;
+0F90;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F91;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F92;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F93;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER GHA;Mn;0;NSM;0F92 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F94;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NGA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F95;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F96;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER CHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F97;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER JA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F99;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NYA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9A;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9B;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TTHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9C;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9D;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DDHA;Mn;0;NSM;0F9C 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9E;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NNA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0F9F;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA0;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER THA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA1;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA2;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DHA;Mn;0;NSM;0FA1 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA3;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER NA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA4;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA5;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER PHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA6;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA7;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER BHA;Mn;0;NSM;0FA6 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA8;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER MA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FA9;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FAA;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER TSHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FAB;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FAC;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER DZHA;Mn;0;NSM;0FAB 0FB7;;;;N;;;;;
+0FAD;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER WA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FAE;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FAF;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER ZA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB0;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER -A;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB1;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER YA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FB2;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER RA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FB3;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER LA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB4;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SHA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB5;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SSA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB6;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER SA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB7;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER HA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB8;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER A;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FB9;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER KSSA;Mn;0;NSM;0F90 0FB5;;;;N;;;;;
+0FBA;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM WA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FBB;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM YA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FBC;TIBETAN SUBJOINED LETTER FIXED-FORM RA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;*;;;
+0FBE;TIBETAN KU RU KHA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;kuruka;;;
+0FBF;TIBETAN KU RU KHA BZHI MIG CAN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;kuruka shi mik chen;;;
+0FC0;TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN HEAVY BEAT;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FC1;TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN LIGHT BEAT;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+0FC2;TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN CANG TE-U;So;0;L;;;;;N;;chang tyu;;;
+0FC3;TIBETAN CANTILLATION SIGN SBUB -CHAL;So;0;L;;;;;N;;bub chey;;;
+0FC4;TIBETAN SYMBOL DRIL BU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;drilbu;;;
+0FC5;TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dorje;;;
+0FC6;TIBETAN SYMBOL PADMA GDAN;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;pema den;;;
+0FC7;TIBETAN SYMBOL RDO RJE RGYA GRAM;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dorje gya dram;;;
+0FC8;TIBETAN SYMBOL PHUR PA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;phurba;;;
+0FC9;TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;norbu;;;
+0FCA;TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU NYIS -KHYIL;So;0;L;;;;;N;;norbu nyi khyi;;;
+0FCB;TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU GSUM -KHYIL;So;0;L;;;;;N;;norbu sum khyi;;;
+0FCC;TIBETAN SYMBOL NOR BU BZHI -KHYIL;So;0;L;;;;;N;;norbu shi khyi;;;
+0FCF;TIBETAN SIGN RDEL NAG GSUM;So;0;L;;;;;N;;dena sum;;;
+1000;MYANMAR LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1001;MYANMAR LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1002;MYANMAR LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1003;MYANMAR LETTER GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1004;MYANMAR LETTER NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1005;MYANMAR LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1006;MYANMAR LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1007;MYANMAR LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1008;MYANMAR LETTER JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1009;MYANMAR LETTER NYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100A;MYANMAR LETTER NNYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100B;MYANMAR LETTER TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100C;MYANMAR LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100D;MYANMAR LETTER DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100E;MYANMAR LETTER DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+100F;MYANMAR LETTER NNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1010;MYANMAR LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1011;MYANMAR LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1012;MYANMAR LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1013;MYANMAR LETTER DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1014;MYANMAR LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1015;MYANMAR LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1016;MYANMAR LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1017;MYANMAR LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1018;MYANMAR LETTER BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1019;MYANMAR LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101A;MYANMAR LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101B;MYANMAR LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101C;MYANMAR LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101D;MYANMAR LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101E;MYANMAR LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+101F;MYANMAR LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1020;MYANMAR LETTER LLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1021;MYANMAR LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1023;MYANMAR LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1024;MYANMAR LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1025;MYANMAR LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1026;MYANMAR LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;1025 102E;;;;N;;;;;
+1027;MYANMAR LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1029;MYANMAR LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+102A;MYANMAR LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+102C;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+102D;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+102E;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+102F;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN U;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1031;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1032;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN AI;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1036;MYANMAR SIGN ANUSVARA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1037;MYANMAR SIGN DOT BELOW;Mn;7;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1038;MYANMAR SIGN VISARGA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1039;MYANMAR SIGN VIRAMA;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1040;MYANMAR DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1041;MYANMAR DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1042;MYANMAR DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1043;MYANMAR DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1044;MYANMAR DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1045;MYANMAR DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1046;MYANMAR DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1047;MYANMAR DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1048;MYANMAR DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1049;MYANMAR DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+104A;MYANMAR SIGN LITTLE SECTION;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+104B;MYANMAR SIGN SECTION;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+104C;MYANMAR SYMBOL LOCATIVE;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+104D;MYANMAR SYMBOL COMPLETED;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+104E;MYANMAR SYMBOL AFOREMENTIONED;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+104F;MYANMAR SYMBOL GENITIVE;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1050;MYANMAR LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1051;MYANMAR LETTER SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1052;MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1053;MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC RR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1054;MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1055;MYANMAR LETTER VOCALIC LL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1056;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1057;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC RR;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1058;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC L;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1059;MYANMAR VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC LL;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+10A0;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER AN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A1;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER BAN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A2;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER GAN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A3;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER DON;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A4;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER EN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A5;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER VIN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A6;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZEN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
+10A7;GEORGIAN CAPITAL LETTER TAN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;Khutsuri;;;
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+16C5;RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-AR AE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16C7;RUNIC LETTER IWAZ EOH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16C8;RUNIC LETTER PERTHO PEORTH P;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16C9;RUNIC LETTER ALGIZ EOLHX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16CB;RUNIC LETTER SIGEL LONG-BRANCH-SOL S;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16CC;RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-SOL S;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16CF;RUNIC LETTER TIWAZ TIR TYR T;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D0;RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-TYR T;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D1;RUNIC LETTER D;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D2;RUNIC LETTER BERKANAN BEORC BJARKAN B;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D3;RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-BJARKAN B;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D4;RUNIC LETTER DOTTED-P;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D5;RUNIC LETTER OPEN-P;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D6;RUNIC LETTER EHWAZ EH E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D7;RUNIC LETTER MANNAZ MAN M;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D8;RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-MADR M;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16D9;RUNIC LETTER SHORT-TWIG-MADR M;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DA;RUNIC LETTER LAUKAZ LAGU LOGR L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DB;RUNIC LETTER DOTTED-L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DC;RUNIC LETTER INGWAZ;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DD;RUNIC LETTER ING;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DE;RUNIC LETTER DAGAZ DAEG D;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16DF;RUNIC LETTER OTHALAN ETHEL O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E0;RUNIC LETTER EAR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16E2;RUNIC LETTER CWEORTH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E3;RUNIC LETTER CALC;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E4;RUNIC LETTER CEALC;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E5;RUNIC LETTER STAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E6;RUNIC LETTER LONG-BRANCH-YR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16E8;RUNIC LETTER ICELANDIC-YR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16E9;RUNIC LETTER Q;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+16EB;RUNIC SINGLE PUNCTUATION;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16EC;RUNIC MULTIPLE PUNCTUATION;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+16ED;RUNIC CROSS PUNCTUATION;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+1780;KHMER LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1781;KHMER LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1782;KHMER LETTER KO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1783;KHMER LETTER KHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1784;KHMER LETTER NGO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1785;KHMER LETTER CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1786;KHMER LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1787;KHMER LETTER CO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1788;KHMER LETTER CHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1789;KHMER LETTER NYO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178A;KHMER LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178B;KHMER LETTER TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178C;KHMER LETTER DO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178D;KHMER LETTER TTHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178E;KHMER LETTER NNO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+178F;KHMER LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1790;KHMER LETTER THA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1791;KHMER LETTER TO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1792;KHMER LETTER THO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1793;KHMER LETTER NO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1794;KHMER LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1795;KHMER LETTER PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1796;KHMER LETTER PO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1797;KHMER LETTER PHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1798;KHMER LETTER MO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1799;KHMER LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+179A;KHMER LETTER RO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+179B;KHMER LETTER LO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+179D;KHMER LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+179E;KHMER LETTER SSO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+179F;KHMER LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+17A1;KHMER LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A2;KHMER LETTER QA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A3;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAQ;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A4;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A5;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A6;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QII;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A7;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A8;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUK;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17A9;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AA;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QUUV;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AB;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AC;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL RYY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AD;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AE;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL LYY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17AF;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B0;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B1;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE ONE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B2;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QOO TYPE TWO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B3;KHMER INDEPENDENT VOWEL QAU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B4;KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AQ;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B5;KHMER VOWEL INHERENT AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B6;KHMER VOWEL SIGN AA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B7;KHMER VOWEL SIGN I;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B8;KHMER VOWEL SIGN II;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17B9;KHMER VOWEL SIGN Y;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
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+17BC;KHMER VOWEL SIGN UU;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
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+17BE;KHMER VOWEL SIGN OE;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17BF;KHMER VOWEL SIGN YA;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+17C1;KHMER VOWEL SIGN E;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C2;KHMER VOWEL SIGN AE;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C3;KHMER VOWEL SIGN AI;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C4;KHMER VOWEL SIGN OO;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C5;KHMER VOWEL SIGN AU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C6;KHMER SIGN NIKAHIT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C7;KHMER SIGN REAHMUK;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C8;KHMER SIGN YUUKALEAPINTU;Mc;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17C9;KHMER SIGN MUUSIKATOAN;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CA;KHMER SIGN TRIISAP;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CB;KHMER SIGN BANTOC;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CC;KHMER SIGN ROBAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CD;KHMER SIGN TOANDAKHIAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CE;KHMER SIGN KAKABAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17CF;KHMER SIGN AHSDA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D0;KHMER SIGN SAMYOK SANNYA;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D1;KHMER SIGN VIRIAM;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D2;KHMER SIGN COENG;Mn;9;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D3;KHMER SIGN BATHAMASAT;Mn;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D4;KHMER SIGN KHAN;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D5;KHMER SIGN BARIYOOSAN;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D6;KHMER SIGN CAMNUC PII KUUH;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D7;KHMER SIGN LEK TOO;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D8;KHMER SIGN BEYYAL;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17D9;KHMER SIGN PHNAEK MUAN;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17DA;KHMER SIGN KOOMUUT;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17DB;KHMER CURRENCY SYMBOL RIEL;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+17DC;KHMER SIGN AVAKRAHASANYA;Po;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+17E0;KHMER DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+17E1;KHMER DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+17E2;KHMER DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+17E3;KHMER DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+17E4;KHMER DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+17E5;KHMER DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+17E6;KHMER DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+17E7;KHMER DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+17E8;KHMER DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+17E9;KHMER DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1800;MONGOLIAN BIRGA;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1801;MONGOLIAN ELLIPSIS;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1802;MONGOLIAN COMMA;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1803;MONGOLIAN FULL STOP;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1804;MONGOLIAN COLON;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1805;MONGOLIAN FOUR DOTS;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1806;MONGOLIAN TODO SOFT HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1807;MONGOLIAN SIBE SYLLABLE BOUNDARY MARKER;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1808;MONGOLIAN MANCHU COMMA;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+1809;MONGOLIAN MANCHU FULL STOP;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+180A;MONGOLIAN NIRUGU;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+180B;MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR ONE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+180C;MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR TWO;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+180D;MONGOLIAN FREE VARIATION SELECTOR THREE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+180E;MONGOLIAN VOWEL SEPARATOR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1810;MONGOLIAN DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;L;;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1811;MONGOLIAN DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;L;;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1812;MONGOLIAN DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;L;;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1813;MONGOLIAN DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;L;;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1814;MONGOLIAN DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;L;;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1815;MONGOLIAN DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;L;;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1816;MONGOLIAN DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;L;;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1817;MONGOLIAN DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;L;;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1818;MONGOLIAN DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;L;;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1819;MONGOLIAN DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;L;;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1820;MONGOLIAN LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1821;MONGOLIAN LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1822;MONGOLIAN LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1823;MONGOLIAN LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1824;MONGOLIAN LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1825;MONGOLIAN LETTER OE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1826;MONGOLIAN LETTER UE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1827;MONGOLIAN LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1828;MONGOLIAN LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1829;MONGOLIAN LETTER ANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182A;MONGOLIAN LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182B;MONGOLIAN LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182C;MONGOLIAN LETTER QA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182D;MONGOLIAN LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182E;MONGOLIAN LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+182F;MONGOLIAN LETTER LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1830;MONGOLIAN LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1831;MONGOLIAN LETTER SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1832;MONGOLIAN LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1833;MONGOLIAN LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1834;MONGOLIAN LETTER CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1835;MONGOLIAN LETTER JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1836;MONGOLIAN LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1837;MONGOLIAN LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1838;MONGOLIAN LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1839;MONGOLIAN LETTER FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183A;MONGOLIAN LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183B;MONGOLIAN LETTER KHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183C;MONGOLIAN LETTER TSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183D;MONGOLIAN LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183E;MONGOLIAN LETTER HAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+183F;MONGOLIAN LETTER ZRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1840;MONGOLIAN LETTER LHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1841;MONGOLIAN LETTER ZHI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1842;MONGOLIAN LETTER CHI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1843;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO LONG VOWEL SIGN;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1844;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1845;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1846;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1847;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1848;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO OE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1849;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO UE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184A;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184B;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO BA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184C;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184D;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO QA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184E;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+184F;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1850;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1851;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1852;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1853;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1854;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO TSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1855;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1856;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1857;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1858;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO GAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1859;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO HAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185A;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO JIA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185B;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO NIA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185C;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO DZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185D;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185E;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+185F;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE IY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1860;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE UE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1861;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1862;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1863;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1864;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1865;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1866;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1867;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1868;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1869;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186A;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE JA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186B;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186C;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE GAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186D;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE HAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186E;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE TSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+186F;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1870;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE RAA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1871;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1872;MONGOLIAN LETTER SIBE ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1873;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1874;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1875;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1876;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1877;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1880;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ANUSVARA ONE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1881;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI VISARGA ONE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1882;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAMARU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1883;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI UBADAMA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1884;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI INVERTED UBADAMA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1885;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI BALUDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1886;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI THREE BALUDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1887;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1888;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1889;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+188A;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+188B;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+188C;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+188D;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TTHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+188E;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+1890;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1891;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1892;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1893;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI PHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1894;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1895;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1896;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1897;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI AH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1898;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1899;MONGOLIAN LETTER TODO ALI GALI ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189A;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI GHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189B;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189C;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189D;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI JHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189E;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TTA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+189F;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DDHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A0;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A1;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI DHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A2;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A3;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI CYA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A4;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A5;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A6;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A7;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI HALF YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A8;MONGOLIAN LETTER MANCHU ALI GALI BHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+18A9;MONGOLIAN LETTER ALI GALI DAGALGA;Mn;228;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1E00;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW;Lu;0;L;0041 0325;;;;N;;;;1E01;
+1E01;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING BELOW;Ll;0;L;0061 0325;;;;N;;;1E00;;1E00
+1E02;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0042 0307;;;;N;;;;1E03;
+1E03;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0062 0307;;;;N;;;1E02;;1E02
+1E04;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0042 0323;;;;N;;;;1E05;
+1E05;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0062 0323;;;;N;;;1E04;;1E04
+1E06;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0042 0331;;;;N;;;;1E07;
+1E07;LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0062 0331;;;;N;;;1E06;;1E06
+1E08;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00C7 0301;;;;N;;;;1E09;
+1E09;LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00E7 0301;;;;N;;;1E08;;1E08
+1E0A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0044 0307;;;;N;;;;1E0B;
+1E0B;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0064 0307;;;;N;;;1E0A;;1E0A
+1E0C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0044 0323;;;;N;;;;1E0D;
+1E0D;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0064 0323;;;;N;;;1E0C;;1E0C
+1E0E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0044 0331;;;;N;;;;1E0F;
+1E0F;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0064 0331;;;;N;;;1E0E;;1E0E
+1E10;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0044 0327;;;;N;;;;1E11;
+1E11;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0064 0327;;;;N;;;1E10;;1E10
+1E12;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;0044 032D;;;;N;;;;1E13;
+1E13;LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;0064 032D;;;;N;;;1E12;;1E12
+1E14;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0112 0300;;;;N;;;;1E15;
+1E15;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0113 0300;;;;N;;;1E14;;1E14
+1E16;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0112 0301;;;;N;;;;1E17;
+1E17;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0113 0301;;;;N;;;1E16;;1E16
+1E18;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;0045 032D;;;;N;;;;1E19;
+1E19;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;0065 032D;;;;N;;;1E18;;1E18
+1E1A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0045 0330;;;;N;;;;1E1B;
+1E1B;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0065 0330;;;;N;;;1E1A;;1E1A
+1E1C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE;Lu;0;L;0228 0306;;;;N;;;;1E1D;
+1E1D;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CEDILLA AND BREVE;Ll;0;L;0229 0306;;;;N;;;1E1C;;1E1C
+1E1E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0046 0307;;;;N;;;;1E1F;
+1E1F;LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0066 0307;;;;N;;;1E1E;;1E1E
+1E20;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0047 0304;;;;N;;;;1E21;
+1E21;LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;0067 0304;;;;N;;;1E20;;1E20
+1E22;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0048 0307;;;;N;;;;1E23;
+1E23;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0068 0307;;;;N;;;1E22;;1E22
+1E24;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0048 0323;;;;N;;;;1E25;
+1E25;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0068 0323;;;;N;;;1E24;;1E24
+1E26;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0048 0308;;;;N;;;;1E27;
+1E27;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0068 0308;;;;N;;;1E26;;1E26
+1E28;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA;Lu;0;L;0048 0327;;;;N;;;;1E29;
+1E29;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CEDILLA;Ll;0;L;0068 0327;;;;N;;;1E28;;1E28
+1E2A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0048 032E;;;;N;;;;1E2B;
+1E2B;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH BREVE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0068 032E;;;;N;;;1E2A;;1E2A
+1E2C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0049 0330;;;;N;;;;1E2D;
+1E2D;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0069 0330;;;;N;;;1E2C;;1E2C
+1E2E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00CF 0301;;;;N;;;;1E2F;
+1E2F;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00EF 0301;;;;N;;;1E2E;;1E2E
+1E30;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004B 0301;;;;N;;;;1E31;
+1E31;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006B 0301;;;;N;;;1E30;;1E30
+1E32;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;004B 0323;;;;N;;;;1E33;
+1E33;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;006B 0323;;;;N;;;1E32;;1E32
+1E34;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;004B 0331;;;;N;;;;1E35;
+1E35;LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;006B 0331;;;;N;;;1E34;;1E34
+1E36;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;004C 0323;;;;N;;;;1E37;
+1E37;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;006C 0323;;;;N;;;1E36;;1E36
+1E38;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;1E36 0304;;;;N;;;;1E39;
+1E39;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;1E37 0304;;;;N;;;1E38;;1E38
+1E3A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;004C 0331;;;;N;;;;1E3B;
+1E3B;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;006C 0331;;;;N;;;1E3A;;1E3A
+1E3C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;004C 032D;;;;N;;;;1E3D;
+1E3D;LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;006C 032D;;;;N;;;1E3C;;1E3C
+1E3E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;004D 0301;;;;N;;;;1E3F;
+1E3F;LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;006D 0301;;;;N;;;1E3E;;1E3E
+1E40;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;004D 0307;;;;N;;;;1E41;
+1E41;LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;006D 0307;;;;N;;;1E40;;1E40
+1E42;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;004D 0323;;;;N;;;;1E43;
+1E43;LATIN SMALL LETTER M WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;006D 0323;;;;N;;;1E42;;1E42
+1E44;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;004E 0307;;;;N;;;;1E45;
+1E45;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;006E 0307;;;;N;;;1E44;;1E44
+1E46;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;004E 0323;;;;N;;;;1E47;
+1E47;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;006E 0323;;;;N;;;1E46;;1E46
+1E48;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;004E 0331;;;;N;;;;1E49;
+1E49;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;006E 0331;;;;N;;;1E48;;1E48
+1E4A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;004E 032D;;;;N;;;;1E4B;
+1E4B;LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;006E 032D;;;;N;;;1E4A;;1E4A
+1E4C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00D5 0301;;;;N;;;;1E4D;
+1E4D;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00F5 0301;;;;N;;;1E4C;;1E4C
+1E4E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;00D5 0308;;;;N;;;;1E4F;
+1E4F;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE AND DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;00F5 0308;;;;N;;;1E4E;;1E4E
+1E50;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;014C 0300;;;;N;;;;1E51;
+1E51;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;014D 0300;;;;N;;;1E50;;1E50
+1E52;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;014C 0301;;;;N;;;;1E53;
+1E53;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;014D 0301;;;;N;;;1E52;;1E52
+1E54;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0050 0301;;;;N;;;;1E55;
+1E55;LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0070 0301;;;;N;;;1E54;;1E54
+1E56;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0050 0307;;;;N;;;;1E57;
+1E57;LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0070 0307;;;;N;;;1E56;;1E56
+1E58;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0052 0307;;;;N;;;;1E59;
+1E59;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0072 0307;;;;N;;;1E58;;1E58
+1E5A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0052 0323;;;;N;;;;1E5B;
+1E5B;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0072 0323;;;;N;;;1E5A;;1E5A
+1E5C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON;Lu;0;L;1E5A 0304;;;;N;;;;1E5D;
+1E5D;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH DOT BELOW AND MACRON;Ll;0;L;1E5B 0304;;;;N;;;1E5C;;1E5C
+1E5E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0052 0331;;;;N;;;;1E5F;
+1E5F;LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0072 0331;;;;N;;;1E5E;;1E5E
+1E60;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0053 0307;;;;N;;;;1E61;
+1E61;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0073 0307;;;;N;;;1E60;;1E60
+1E62;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0053 0323;;;;N;;;;1E63;
+1E63;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0073 0323;;;;N;;;1E62;;1E62
+1E64;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH ACUTE AND DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;015A 0307;;;;N;;;;1E65;
+1E65;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE AND DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;015B 0307;;;;N;;;1E64;;1E64
+1E66;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON AND DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0160 0307;;;;N;;;;1E67;
+1E67;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON AND DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0161 0307;;;;N;;;1E66;;1E66
+1E68;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;1E62 0307;;;;N;;;;1E69;
+1E69;LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;1E63 0307;;;;N;;;1E68;;1E68
+1E6A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0054 0307;;;;N;;;;1E6B;
+1E6B;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0074 0307;;;;N;;;1E6A;;1E6A
+1E6C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0054 0323;;;;N;;;;1E6D;
+1E6D;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0074 0323;;;;N;;;1E6C;;1E6C
+1E6E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0054 0331;;;;N;;;;1E6F;
+1E6F;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0074 0331;;;;N;;;1E6E;;1E6E
+1E70;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;0054 032D;;;;N;;;;1E71;
+1E71;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;0074 032D;;;;N;;;1E70;;1E70
+1E72;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS BELOW;Lu;0;L;0055 0324;;;;N;;;;1E73;
+1E73;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS BELOW;Ll;0;L;0075 0324;;;;N;;;1E72;;1E72
+1E74;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW;Lu;0;L;0055 0330;;;;N;;;;1E75;
+1E75;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0075 0330;;;;N;;;1E74;;1E74
+1E76;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Lu;0;L;0055 032D;;;;N;;;;1E77;
+1E77;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW;Ll;0;L;0075 032D;;;;N;;;1E76;;1E76
+1E78;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0168 0301;;;;N;;;;1E79;
+1E79;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0169 0301;;;;N;;;1E78;;1E78
+1E7A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;016A 0308;;;;N;;;;1E7B;
+1E7B;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON AND DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;016B 0308;;;;N;;;1E7A;;1E7A
+1E7C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0056 0303;;;;N;;;;1E7D;
+1E7D;LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0076 0303;;;;N;;;1E7C;;1E7C
+1E7E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0056 0323;;;;N;;;;1E7F;
+1E7F;LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0076 0323;;;;N;;;1E7E;;1E7E
+1E80;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0057 0300;;;;N;;;;1E81;
+1E81;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0077 0300;;;;N;;;1E80;;1E80
+1E82;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0057 0301;;;;N;;;;1E83;
+1E83;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0077 0301;;;;N;;;1E82;;1E82
+1E84;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0057 0308;;;;N;;;;1E85;
+1E85;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0077 0308;;;;N;;;1E84;;1E84
+1E86;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0057 0307;;;;N;;;;1E87;
+1E87;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0077 0307;;;;N;;;1E86;;1E86
+1E88;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0057 0323;;;;N;;;;1E89;
+1E89;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0077 0323;;;;N;;;1E88;;1E88
+1E8A;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0058 0307;;;;N;;;;1E8B;
+1E8B;LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0078 0307;;;;N;;;1E8A;;1E8A
+1E8C;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS;Lu;0;L;0058 0308;;;;N;;;;1E8D;
+1E8D;LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0078 0308;;;;N;;;1E8C;;1E8C
+1E8E;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0059 0307;;;;N;;;;1E8F;
+1E8F;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0079 0307;;;;N;;;1E8E;;1E8E
+1E90;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Lu;0;L;005A 0302;;;;N;;;;1E91;
+1E91;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CIRCUMFLEX;Ll;0;L;007A 0302;;;;N;;;1E90;;1E90
+1E92;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;005A 0323;;;;N;;;;1E93;
+1E93;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;007A 0323;;;;N;;;1E92;;1E92
+1E94;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW;Lu;0;L;005A 0331;;;;N;;;;1E95;
+1E95;LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;007A 0331;;;;N;;;1E94;;1E94
+1E96;LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH LINE BELOW;Ll;0;L;0068 0331;;;;N;;;;;
+1E97;LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DIAERESIS;Ll;0;L;0074 0308;;;;N;;;;;
+1E98;LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH RING ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0077 030A;;;;N;;;;;
+1E99;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH RING ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0079 030A;;;;N;;;;;
+1E9A;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RIGHT HALF RING;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0061 02BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1E9B;LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S WITH DOT ABOVE;Ll;0;L;017F 0307;;;;N;;;1E60;;1E60
+1EA0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0041 0323;;;;N;;;;1EA1;
+1EA1;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0061 0323;;;;N;;;1EA0;;1EA0
+1EA2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0041 0309;;;;N;;;;1EA3;
+1EA3;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0061 0309;;;;N;;;1EA2;;1EA2
+1EA4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00C2 0301;;;;N;;;;1EA5;
+1EA5;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00E2 0301;;;;N;;;1EA4;;1EA4
+1EA6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;00C2 0300;;;;N;;;;1EA7;
+1EA7;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;00E2 0300;;;;N;;;1EA6;;1EA6
+1EA8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;00C2 0309;;;;N;;;;1EA9;
+1EA9;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;00E2 0309;;;;N;;;1EA8;;1EA8
+1EAA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;00C2 0303;;;;N;;;;1EAB;
+1EAB;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;00E2 0303;;;;N;;;1EAA;;1EAA
+1EAC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;1EA0 0302;;;;N;;;;1EAD;
+1EAD;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;1EA1 0302;;;;N;;;1EAC;;1EAC
+1EAE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;0102 0301;;;;N;;;;1EAF;
+1EAF;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;0103 0301;;;;N;;;1EAE;;1EAE
+1EB0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0102 0300;;;;N;;;;1EB1;
+1EB1;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0103 0300;;;;N;;;1EB0;;1EB0
+1EB2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0102 0309;;;;N;;;;1EB3;
+1EB3;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0103 0309;;;;N;;;1EB2;;1EB2
+1EB4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;0102 0303;;;;N;;;;1EB5;
+1EB5;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;0103 0303;;;;N;;;1EB4;;1EB4
+1EB6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;1EA0 0306;;;;N;;;;1EB7;
+1EB7;LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;1EA1 0306;;;;N;;;1EB6;;1EB6
+1EB8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0045 0323;;;;N;;;;1EB9;
+1EB9;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0065 0323;;;;N;;;1EB8;;1EB8
+1EBA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0045 0309;;;;N;;;;1EBB;
+1EBB;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0065 0309;;;;N;;;1EBA;;1EBA
+1EBC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0045 0303;;;;N;;;;1EBD;
+1EBD;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0065 0303;;;;N;;;1EBC;;1EBC
+1EBE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00CA 0301;;;;N;;;;1EBF;
+1EBF;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00EA 0301;;;;N;;;1EBE;;1EBE
+1EC0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;00CA 0300;;;;N;;;;1EC1;
+1EC1;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;00EA 0300;;;;N;;;1EC0;;1EC0
+1EC2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;00CA 0309;;;;N;;;;1EC3;
+1EC3;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;00EA 0309;;;;N;;;1EC2;;1EC2
+1EC4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;00CA 0303;;;;N;;;;1EC5;
+1EC5;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;00EA 0303;;;;N;;;1EC4;;1EC4
+1EC6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;1EB8 0302;;;;N;;;;1EC7;
+1EC7;LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;1EB9 0302;;;;N;;;1EC6;;1EC6
+1EC8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0049 0309;;;;N;;;;1EC9;
+1EC9;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0069 0309;;;;N;;;1EC8;;1EC8
+1ECA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0049 0323;;;;N;;;;1ECB;
+1ECB;LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0069 0323;;;;N;;;1ECA;;1ECA
+1ECC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;004F 0323;;;;N;;;;1ECD;
+1ECD;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;006F 0323;;;;N;;;1ECC;;1ECC
+1ECE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;004F 0309;;;;N;;;;1ECF;
+1ECF;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;006F 0309;;;;N;;;1ECE;;1ECE
+1ED0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;00D4 0301;;;;N;;;;1ED1;
+1ED1;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;00F4 0301;;;;N;;;1ED0;;1ED0
+1ED2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;00D4 0300;;;;N;;;;1ED3;
+1ED3;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;00F4 0300;;;;N;;;1ED2;;1ED2
+1ED4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;00D4 0309;;;;N;;;;1ED5;
+1ED5;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;00F4 0309;;;;N;;;1ED4;;1ED4
+1ED6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;00D4 0303;;;;N;;;;1ED7;
+1ED7;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;00F4 0303;;;;N;;;1ED6;;1ED6
+1ED8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;1ECC 0302;;;;N;;;;1ED9;
+1ED9;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;1ECD 0302;;;;N;;;1ED8;;1ED8
+1EDA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;01A0 0301;;;;N;;;;1EDB;
+1EDB;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;01A1 0301;;;;N;;;1EDA;;1EDA
+1EDC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;01A0 0300;;;;N;;;;1EDD;
+1EDD;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;01A1 0300;;;;N;;;1EDC;;1EDC
+1EDE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;01A0 0309;;;;N;;;;1EDF;
+1EDF;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;01A1 0309;;;;N;;;1EDE;;1EDE
+1EE0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;01A0 0303;;;;N;;;;1EE1;
+1EE1;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;01A1 0303;;;;N;;;1EE0;;1EE0
+1EE2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;01A0 0323;;;;N;;;;1EE3;
+1EE3;LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;01A1 0323;;;;N;;;1EE2;;1EE2
+1EE4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0055 0323;;;;N;;;;1EE5;
+1EE5;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0075 0323;;;;N;;;1EE4;;1EE4
+1EE6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0055 0309;;;;N;;;;1EE7;
+1EE7;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0075 0309;;;;N;;;1EE6;;1EE6
+1EE8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE;Lu;0;L;01AF 0301;;;;N;;;;1EE9;
+1EE9;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE;Ll;0;L;01B0 0301;;;;N;;;1EE8;;1EE8
+1EEA;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE;Lu;0;L;01AF 0300;;;;N;;;;1EEB;
+1EEB;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE;Ll;0;L;01B0 0300;;;;N;;;1EEA;;1EEA
+1EEC;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;01AF 0309;;;;N;;;;1EED;
+1EED;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;01B0 0309;;;;N;;;1EEC;;1EEC
+1EEE;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE;Lu;0;L;01AF 0303;;;;N;;;;1EEF;
+1EEF;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE;Ll;0;L;01B0 0303;;;;N;;;1EEE;;1EEE
+1EF0;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;01AF 0323;;;;N;;;;1EF1;
+1EF1;LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;01B0 0323;;;;N;;;1EF0;;1EF0
+1EF2;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE;Lu;0;L;0059 0300;;;;N;;;;1EF3;
+1EF3;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE;Ll;0;L;0079 0300;;;;N;;;1EF2;;1EF2
+1EF4;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW;Lu;0;L;0059 0323;;;;N;;;;1EF5;
+1EF5;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW;Ll;0;L;0079 0323;;;;N;;;1EF4;;1EF4
+1EF6;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE;Lu;0;L;0059 0309;;;;N;;;;1EF7;
+1EF7;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE;Ll;0;L;0079 0309;;;;N;;;1EF6;;1EF6
+1EF8;LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH TILDE;Lu;0;L;0059 0303;;;;N;;;;1EF9;
+1EF9;LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE;Ll;0;L;0079 0303;;;;N;;;1EF8;;1EF8
+1F00;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03B1 0313;;;;N;;;1F08;;1F08
+1F01;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03B1 0314;;;;N;;;1F09;;1F09
+1F02;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F00 0300;;;;N;;;1F0A;;1F0A
+1F03;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F01 0300;;;;N;;;1F0B;;1F0B
+1F04;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F00 0301;;;;N;;;1F0C;;1F0C
+1F05;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F01 0301;;;;N;;;1F0D;;1F0D
+1F06;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F00 0342;;;;N;;;1F0E;;1F0E
+1F07;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F01 0342;;;;N;;;1F0F;;1F0F
+1F08;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;0391 0313;;;;N;;;;1F00;
+1F09;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;0391 0314;;;;N;;;;1F01;
+1F0A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F08 0300;;;;N;;;;1F02;
+1F0B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F09 0300;;;;N;;;;1F03;
+1F0C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F08 0301;;;;N;;;;1F04;
+1F0D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F09 0301;;;;N;;;;1F05;
+1F0E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F08 0342;;;;N;;;;1F06;
+1F0F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F09 0342;;;;N;;;;1F07;
+1F10;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03B5 0313;;;;N;;;1F18;;1F18
+1F11;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03B5 0314;;;;N;;;1F19;;1F19
+1F12;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F10 0300;;;;N;;;1F1A;;1F1A
+1F13;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F11 0300;;;;N;;;1F1B;;1F1B
+1F14;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F10 0301;;;;N;;;1F1C;;1F1C
+1F15;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F11 0301;;;;N;;;1F1D;;1F1D
+1F18;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;0395 0313;;;;N;;;;1F10;
+1F19;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;0395 0314;;;;N;;;;1F11;
+1F1A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F18 0300;;;;N;;;;1F12;
+1F1B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F19 0300;;;;N;;;;1F13;
+1F1C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F18 0301;;;;N;;;;1F14;
+1F1D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F19 0301;;;;N;;;;1F15;
+1F20;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03B7 0313;;;;N;;;1F28;;1F28
+1F21;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03B7 0314;;;;N;;;1F29;;1F29
+1F22;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F20 0300;;;;N;;;1F2A;;1F2A
+1F23;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F21 0300;;;;N;;;1F2B;;1F2B
+1F24;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F20 0301;;;;N;;;1F2C;;1F2C
+1F25;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F21 0301;;;;N;;;1F2D;;1F2D
+1F26;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F20 0342;;;;N;;;1F2E;;1F2E
+1F27;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F21 0342;;;;N;;;1F2F;;1F2F
+1F28;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;0397 0313;;;;N;;;;1F20;
+1F29;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;0397 0314;;;;N;;;;1F21;
+1F2A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F28 0300;;;;N;;;;1F22;
+1F2B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F29 0300;;;;N;;;;1F23;
+1F2C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F28 0301;;;;N;;;;1F24;
+1F2D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F29 0301;;;;N;;;;1F25;
+1F2E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F28 0342;;;;N;;;;1F26;
+1F2F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F29 0342;;;;N;;;;1F27;
+1F30;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03B9 0313;;;;N;;;1F38;;1F38
+1F31;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03B9 0314;;;;N;;;1F39;;1F39
+1F32;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F30 0300;;;;N;;;1F3A;;1F3A
+1F33;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F31 0300;;;;N;;;1F3B;;1F3B
+1F34;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F30 0301;;;;N;;;1F3C;;1F3C
+1F35;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F31 0301;;;;N;;;1F3D;;1F3D
+1F36;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F30 0342;;;;N;;;1F3E;;1F3E
+1F37;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F31 0342;;;;N;;;1F3F;;1F3F
+1F38;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;0399 0313;;;;N;;;;1F30;
+1F39;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;0399 0314;;;;N;;;;1F31;
+1F3A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F38 0300;;;;N;;;;1F32;
+1F3B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F39 0300;;;;N;;;;1F33;
+1F3C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F38 0301;;;;N;;;;1F34;
+1F3D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F39 0301;;;;N;;;;1F35;
+1F3E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F38 0342;;;;N;;;;1F36;
+1F3F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F39 0342;;;;N;;;;1F37;
+1F40;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03BF 0313;;;;N;;;1F48;;1F48
+1F41;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03BF 0314;;;;N;;;1F49;;1F49
+1F42;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F40 0300;;;;N;;;1F4A;;1F4A
+1F43;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F41 0300;;;;N;;;1F4B;;1F4B
+1F44;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F40 0301;;;;N;;;1F4C;;1F4C
+1F45;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F41 0301;;;;N;;;1F4D;;1F4D
+1F48;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;039F 0313;;;;N;;;;1F40;
+1F49;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;039F 0314;;;;N;;;;1F41;
+1F4A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F48 0300;;;;N;;;;1F42;
+1F4B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F49 0300;;;;N;;;;1F43;
+1F4C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F48 0301;;;;N;;;;1F44;
+1F4D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F49 0301;;;;N;;;;1F45;
+1F50;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03C5 0313;;;;N;;;;;
+1F51;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03C5 0314;;;;N;;;1F59;;1F59
+1F52;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F50 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1F53;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F51 0300;;;;N;;;1F5B;;1F5B
+1F54;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F50 0301;;;;N;;;;;
+1F55;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F51 0301;;;;N;;;1F5D;;1F5D
+1F56;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F50 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1F57;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F51 0342;;;;N;;;1F5F;;1F5F
+1F59;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;03A5 0314;;;;N;;;;1F51;
+1F5B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F59 0300;;;;N;;;;1F53;
+1F5D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F59 0301;;;;N;;;;1F55;
+1F5F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F59 0342;;;;N;;;;1F57;
+1F60;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03C9 0313;;;;N;;;1F68;;1F68
+1F61;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03C9 0314;;;;N;;;1F69;;1F69
+1F62;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F60 0300;;;;N;;;1F6A;;1F6A
+1F63;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;1F61 0300;;;;N;;;1F6B;;1F6B
+1F64;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F60 0301;;;;N;;;1F6C;;1F6C
+1F65;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;1F61 0301;;;;N;;;1F6D;;1F6D
+1F66;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F60 0342;;;;N;;;1F6E;;1F6E
+1F67;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;1F61 0342;;;;N;;;1F6F;;1F6F
+1F68;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI;Lu;0;L;03A9 0313;;;;N;;;;1F60;
+1F69;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;03A9 0314;;;;N;;;;1F61;
+1F6A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F68 0300;;;;N;;;;1F62;
+1F6B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA;Lu;0;L;1F69 0300;;;;N;;;;1F63;
+1F6C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F68 0301;;;;N;;;;1F64;
+1F6D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA;Lu;0;L;1F69 0301;;;;N;;;;1F65;
+1F6E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F68 0342;;;;N;;;;1F66;
+1F6F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Lu;0;L;1F69 0342;;;;N;;;;1F67;
+1F70;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03B1 0300;;;;N;;;1FBA;;1FBA
+1F71;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03AC;;;;N;;;1FBB;;1FBB
+1F72;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03B5 0300;;;;N;;;1FC8;;1FC8
+1F73;GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03AD;;;;N;;;1FC9;;1FC9
+1F74;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03B7 0300;;;;N;;;1FCA;;1FCA
+1F75;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03AE;;;;N;;;1FCB;;1FCB
+1F76;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03B9 0300;;;;N;;;1FDA;;1FDA
+1F77;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03AF;;;;N;;;1FDB;;1FDB
+1F78;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03BF 0300;;;;N;;;1FF8;;1FF8
+1F79;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03CC;;;;N;;;1FF9;;1FF9
+1F7A;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03C5 0300;;;;N;;;1FEA;;1FEA
+1F7B;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03CD;;;;N;;;1FEB;;1FEB
+1F7C;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA;Ll;0;L;03C9 0300;;;;N;;;1FFA;;1FFA
+1F7D;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA;Ll;0;L;03CE;;;;N;;;1FFB;;1FFB
+1F80;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F00 0345;;;;N;;;1F88;;1F88
+1F81;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F01 0345;;;;N;;;1F89;;1F89
+1F82;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F02 0345;;;;N;;;1F8A;;1F8A
+1F83;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F03 0345;;;;N;;;1F8B;;1F8B
+1F84;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F04 0345;;;;N;;;1F8C;;1F8C
+1F85;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F05 0345;;;;N;;;1F8D;;1F8D
+1F86;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F06 0345;;;;N;;;1F8E;;1F8E
+1F87;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F07 0345;;;;N;;;1F8F;;1F8F
+1F88;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F08 0345;;;;N;;;;1F80;
+1F89;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F09 0345;;;;N;;;;1F81;
+1F8A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0A 0345;;;;N;;;;1F82;
+1F8B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0B 0345;;;;N;;;;1F83;
+1F8C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0C 0345;;;;N;;;;1F84;
+1F8D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0D 0345;;;;N;;;;1F85;
+1F8E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0E 0345;;;;N;;;;1F86;
+1F8F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F0F 0345;;;;N;;;;1F87;
+1F90;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F20 0345;;;;N;;;1F98;;1F98
+1F91;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F21 0345;;;;N;;;1F99;;1F99
+1F92;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F22 0345;;;;N;;;1F9A;;1F9A
+1F93;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F23 0345;;;;N;;;1F9B;;1F9B
+1F94;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F24 0345;;;;N;;;1F9C;;1F9C
+1F95;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F25 0345;;;;N;;;1F9D;;1F9D
+1F96;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F26 0345;;;;N;;;1F9E;;1F9E
+1F97;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F27 0345;;;;N;;;1F9F;;1F9F
+1F98;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F28 0345;;;;N;;;;1F90;
+1F99;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F29 0345;;;;N;;;;1F91;
+1F9A;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2A 0345;;;;N;;;;1F92;
+1F9B;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2B 0345;;;;N;;;;1F93;
+1F9C;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2C 0345;;;;N;;;;1F94;
+1F9D;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2D 0345;;;;N;;;;1F95;
+1F9E;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2E 0345;;;;N;;;;1F96;
+1F9F;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F2F 0345;;;;N;;;;1F97;
+1FA0;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F60 0345;;;;N;;;1FA8;;1FA8
+1FA1;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F61 0345;;;;N;;;1FA9;;1FA9
+1FA2;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F62 0345;;;;N;;;1FAA;;1FAA
+1FA3;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F63 0345;;;;N;;;1FAB;;1FAB
+1FA4;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F64 0345;;;;N;;;1FAC;;1FAC
+1FA5;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F65 0345;;;;N;;;1FAD;;1FAD
+1FA6;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F66 0345;;;;N;;;1FAE;;1FAE
+1FA7;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F67 0345;;;;N;;;1FAF;;1FAF
+1FA8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F68 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA0;
+1FA9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F69 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA1;
+1FAA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6A 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA2;
+1FAB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND VARIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6B 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA3;
+1FAC;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6C 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA4;
+1FAD;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND OXIA AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6D 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA5;
+1FAE;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PSILI AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6E 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA6;
+1FAF;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH DASIA AND PERISPOMENI AND PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;1F6F 0345;;;;N;;;;1FA7;
+1FB0;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY;Ll;0;L;03B1 0306;;;;N;;;1FB8;;1FB8
+1FB1;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;03B1 0304;;;;N;;;1FB9;;1FB9
+1FB2;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F70 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FB3;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03B1 0345;;;;N;;;1FBC;;1FBC
+1FB4;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03AC 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FB6;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03B1 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FB7;GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1FB6 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FB8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VRACHY;Lu;0;L;0391 0306;;;;N;;;;1FB0;
+1FB9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0391 0304;;;;N;;;;1FB1;
+1FBA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;0391 0300;;;;N;;;;1F70;
+1FBB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;0386;;;;N;;;;1F71;
+1FBC;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;0391 0345;;;;N;;;;1FB3;
+1FBD;GREEK KORONIS;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0313;;;;N;;;;;
+1FBE;GREEK PROSGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03B9;;;;N;;;0399;;0399
+1FBF;GREEK PSILI;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0313;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC0;GREEK PERISPOMENI;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC1;GREEK DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI;Sk;0;ON;00A8 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC2;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F74 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC3;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03B7 0345;;;;N;;;1FCC;;1FCC
+1FC4;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03AE 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC6;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03B7 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC7;GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1FC6 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FC8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;0395 0300;;;;N;;;;1F72;
+1FC9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;0388;;;;N;;;;1F73;
+1FCA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;0397 0300;;;;N;;;;1F74;
+1FCB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;0389;;;;N;;;;1F75;
+1FCC;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;0397 0345;;;;N;;;;1FC3;
+1FCD;GREEK PSILI AND VARIA;Sk;0;ON;1FBF 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1FCE;GREEK PSILI AND OXIA;Sk;0;ON;1FBF 0301;;;;N;;;;;
+1FCF;GREEK PSILI AND PERISPOMENI;Sk;0;ON;1FBF 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FD0;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY;Ll;0;L;03B9 0306;;;;N;;;1FD8;;1FD8
+1FD1;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;03B9 0304;;;;N;;;1FD9;;1FD9
+1FD2;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;03CA 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1FD3;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;0390;;;;N;;;;;
+1FD6;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03B9 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FD7;GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03CA 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FD8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VRACHY;Lu;0;L;0399 0306;;;;N;;;;1FD0;
+1FD9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;0399 0304;;;;N;;;;1FD1;
+1FDA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;0399 0300;;;;N;;;;1F76;
+1FDB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;038A;;;;N;;;;1F77;
+1FDD;GREEK DASIA AND VARIA;Sk;0;ON;1FFE 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1FDE;GREEK DASIA AND OXIA;Sk;0;ON;1FFE 0301;;;;N;;;;;
+1FDF;GREEK DASIA AND PERISPOMENI;Sk;0;ON;1FFE 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE0;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY;Ll;0;L;03C5 0306;;;;N;;;1FE8;;1FE8
+1FE1;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON;Ll;0;L;03C5 0304;;;;N;;;1FE9;;1FE9
+1FE2;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND VARIA;Ll;0;L;03CB 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE3;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND OXIA;Ll;0;L;03B0;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE4;GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH PSILI;Ll;0;L;03C1 0313;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE5;GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA;Ll;0;L;03C1 0314;;;;N;;;1FEC;;1FEC
+1FE6;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03C5 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE7;GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03CB 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FE8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VRACHY;Lu;0;L;03A5 0306;;;;N;;;;1FE0;
+1FE9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH MACRON;Lu;0;L;03A5 0304;;;;N;;;;1FE1;
+1FEA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;03A5 0300;;;;N;;;;1F7A;
+1FEB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;038E;;;;N;;;;1F7B;
+1FEC;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO WITH DASIA;Lu;0;L;03A1 0314;;;;N;;;;1FE5;
+1FED;GREEK DIALYTIKA AND VARIA;Sk;0;ON;00A8 0300;;;;N;;;;;
+1FEE;GREEK DIALYTIKA AND OXIA;Sk;0;ON;0385;;;;N;;;;;
+1FEF;GREEK VARIA;Sk;0;ON;0060;;;;N;;;;;
+1FF2;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1F7C 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FF3;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03C9 0345;;;;N;;;1FFC;;1FFC
+1FF4;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;03CE 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FF6;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI;Ll;0;L;03C9 0342;;;;N;;;;;
+1FF7;GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA WITH PERISPOMENI AND YPOGEGRAMMENI;Ll;0;L;1FF6 0345;;;;N;;;;;
+1FF8;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;039F 0300;;;;N;;;;1F78;
+1FF9;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;038C;;;;N;;;;1F79;
+1FFA;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH VARIA;Lu;0;L;03A9 0300;;;;N;;;;1F7C;
+1FFB;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH OXIA;Lu;0;L;038F;;;;N;;;;1F7D;
+1FFC;GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA WITH PROSGEGRAMMENI;Lt;0;L;03A9 0345;;;;N;;;;1FF3;
+1FFD;GREEK OXIA;Sk;0;ON;00B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1FFE;GREEK DASIA;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0314;;;;N;;;;;
+2000;EN QUAD;Zs;0;WS;2002;;;;N;;;;;
+2001;EM QUAD;Zs;0;WS;2003;;;;N;;;;;
+2002;EN SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2003;EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2004;THREE-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2005;FOUR-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2006;SIX-PER-EM SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2007;FIGURE SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2008;PUNCTUATION SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2009;THIN SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+200A;HAIR SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<compat> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+200B;ZERO WIDTH SPACE;Zs;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+200C;ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+200D;ZERO WIDTH JOINER;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+200E;LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK;Cf;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+200F;RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK;Cf;0;R;;;;;N;;;;;
+2010;HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2011;NON-BREAKING HYPHEN;Pd;0;ON;<noBreak> 2010;;;;N;;;;;
+2012;FIGURE DASH;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2013;EN DASH;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2014;EM DASH;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2015;HORIZONTAL BAR;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;QUOTATION DASH;;;;
+2016;DOUBLE VERTICAL LINE;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;DOUBLE VERTICAL BAR;;;;
+2017;DOUBLE LOW LINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0333;;;;N;SPACING DOUBLE UNDERSCORE;;;;
+2018;LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;N;SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+2019;RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pf;0;ON;;;;;N;SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201A;SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201B;SINGLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;N;SINGLE REVERSED COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201C;LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;N;DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201D;RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK;Pf;0;ON;;;;;N;DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201E;DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+201F;DOUBLE HIGH-REVERSED-9 QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;N;DOUBLE REVERSED COMMA QUOTATION MARK;;;;
+2020;DAGGER;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2021;DOUBLE DAGGER;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2022;BULLET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2023;TRIANGULAR BULLET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2024;ONE DOT LEADER;Po;0;ON;<compat> 002E;;;;N;;;;;
+2025;TWO DOT LEADER;Po;0;ON;<compat> 002E 002E;;;;N;;;;;
+2026;HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS;Po;0;ON;<compat> 002E 002E 002E;;;;N;;;;;
+2027;HYPHENATION POINT;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2028;LINE SEPARATOR;Zl;0;WS;;;;;N;;;;;
+2029;PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR;Zp;0;B;;;;;N;;;;;
+202A;LEFT-TO-RIGHT EMBEDDING;Cf;0;LRE;;;;;N;;;;;
+202B;RIGHT-TO-LEFT EMBEDDING;Cf;0;RLE;;;;;N;;;;;
+202C;POP DIRECTIONAL FORMATTING;Cf;0;PDF;;;;;N;;;;;
+202D;LEFT-TO-RIGHT OVERRIDE;Cf;0;LRO;;;;;N;;;;;
+202E;RIGHT-TO-LEFT OVERRIDE;Cf;0;RLO;;;;;N;;;;;
+202F;NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<noBreak> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+2030;PER MILLE SIGN;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+2031;PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+2032;PRIME;Po;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+2033;DOUBLE PRIME;Po;0;ET;<compat> 2032 2032;;;;N;;;;;
+2034;TRIPLE PRIME;Po;0;ET;<compat> 2032 2032 2032;;;;N;;;;;
+2035;REVERSED PRIME;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2036;REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME;Po;0;ON;<compat> 2035 2035;;;;N;;;;;
+2037;REVERSED TRIPLE PRIME;Po;0;ON;<compat> 2035 2035 2035;;;;N;;;;;
+2038;CARET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2039;SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pi;0;ON;;;;;Y;LEFT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET;;;;
+203A;SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK;Pf;0;ON;;;;;Y;RIGHT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET;;;;
+203B;REFERENCE MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+203C;DOUBLE EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;<compat> 0021 0021;;;;N;;;;;
+203D;INTERROBANG;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+203E;OVERLINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 0020 0305;;;;N;SPACING OVERSCORE;;;;
+203F;UNDERTIE;Pc;0;ON;;;;;N;;Enotikon;;;
+2040;CHARACTER TIE;Pc;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2041;CARET INSERTION POINT;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2042;ASTERISM;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2043;HYPHEN BULLET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2044;FRACTION SLASH;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2045;LEFT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2046;RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET WITH QUILL;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2048;QUESTION EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;<compat> 003F 0021;;;;N;;;;;
+2049;EXCLAMATION QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;<compat> 0021 003F;;;;N;;;;;
+204A;TIRONIAN SIGN ET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+204B;REVERSED PILCROW SIGN;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+204C;BLACK LEFTWARDS BULLET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+204D;BLACK RIGHTWARDS BULLET;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+206A;INHIBIT SYMMETRIC SWAPPING;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+206B;ACTIVATE SYMMETRIC SWAPPING;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+206C;INHIBIT ARABIC FORM SHAPING;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+206D;ACTIVATE ARABIC FORM SHAPING;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+206E;NATIONAL DIGIT SHAPES;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+206F;NOMINAL DIGIT SHAPES;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+2070;SUPERSCRIPT ZERO;No;0;EN;<super> 0030;0;0;0;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT ZERO;;;;
+2074;SUPERSCRIPT FOUR;No;0;EN;<super> 0034;4;4;4;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+2075;SUPERSCRIPT FIVE;No;0;EN;<super> 0035;5;5;5;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+2076;SUPERSCRIPT SIX;No;0;EN;<super> 0036;6;6;6;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT SIX;;;;
+2077;SUPERSCRIPT SEVEN;No;0;EN;<super> 0037;7;7;7;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+2078;SUPERSCRIPT EIGHT;No;0;EN;<super> 0038;8;8;8;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+2079;SUPERSCRIPT NINE;No;0;EN;<super> 0039;9;9;9;N;SUPERSCRIPT DIGIT NINE;;;;
+207A;SUPERSCRIPT PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;<super> 002B;;;;N;;;;;
+207B;SUPERSCRIPT MINUS;Sm;0;ET;<super> 2212;;;;N;SUPERSCRIPT HYPHEN-MINUS;;;;
+207C;SUPERSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<super> 003D;;;;N;;;;;
+207D;SUPERSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;<super> 0028;;;;Y;SUPERSCRIPT OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+207E;SUPERSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;<super> 0029;;;;Y;SUPERSCRIPT CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+207F;SUPERSCRIPT LATIN SMALL LETTER N;Ll;0;L;<super> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+2080;SUBSCRIPT ZERO;No;0;EN;<sub> 0030;0;0;0;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT ZERO;;;;
+2081;SUBSCRIPT ONE;No;0;EN;<sub> 0031;1;1;1;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT ONE;;;;
+2082;SUBSCRIPT TWO;No;0;EN;<sub> 0032;2;2;2;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT TWO;;;;
+2083;SUBSCRIPT THREE;No;0;EN;<sub> 0033;3;3;3;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT THREE;;;;
+2084;SUBSCRIPT FOUR;No;0;EN;<sub> 0034;4;4;4;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+2085;SUBSCRIPT FIVE;No;0;EN;<sub> 0035;5;5;5;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+2086;SUBSCRIPT SIX;No;0;EN;<sub> 0036;6;6;6;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT SIX;;;;
+2087;SUBSCRIPT SEVEN;No;0;EN;<sub> 0037;7;7;7;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+2088;SUBSCRIPT EIGHT;No;0;EN;<sub> 0038;8;8;8;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+2089;SUBSCRIPT NINE;No;0;EN;<sub> 0039;9;9;9;N;SUBSCRIPT DIGIT NINE;;;;
+208A;SUBSCRIPT PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;<sub> 002B;;;;N;;;;;
+208B;SUBSCRIPT MINUS;Sm;0;ET;<sub> 2212;;;;N;SUBSCRIPT HYPHEN-MINUS;;;;
+208C;SUBSCRIPT EQUALS SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<sub> 003D;;;;N;;;;;
+208D;SUBSCRIPT LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;<sub> 0028;;;;Y;SUBSCRIPT OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+208E;SUBSCRIPT RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;<sub> 0029;;;;Y;SUBSCRIPT CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+20A0;EURO-CURRENCY SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A1;COLON SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A2;CRUZEIRO SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A3;FRENCH FRANC SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A4;LIRA SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A5;MILL SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A6;NAIRA SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A7;PESETA SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20A8;RUPEE SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<compat> 0052 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+20A9;WON SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AA;NEW SHEQEL SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AB;DONG SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AC;EURO SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AD;KIP SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AE;TUGRIK SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20AF;DRACHMA SIGN;Sc;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+20D0;COMBINING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT HARPOON ABOVE;;;;
+20D1;COMBINING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RIGHT HARPOON ABOVE;;;;
+20D2;COMBINING LONG VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LONG VERTICAL BAR OVERLAY;;;;
+20D3;COMBINING SHORT VERTICAL LINE OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING SHORT VERTICAL BAR OVERLAY;;;;
+20D4;COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING ANTICLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE;;;;
+20D5;COMBINING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CLOCKWISE ARROW ABOVE;;;;
+20D6;COMBINING LEFT ARROW ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT ARROW ABOVE;;;;
+20D7;COMBINING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RIGHT ARROW ABOVE;;;;
+20D8;COMBINING RING OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING RING OVERLAY;;;;
+20D9;COMBINING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING CLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY;;;;
+20DA;COMBINING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING ANTICLOCKWISE RING OVERLAY;;;;
+20DB;COMBINING THREE DOTS ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING THREE DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+20DC;COMBINING FOUR DOTS ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING FOUR DOTS ABOVE;;;;
+20DD;COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;ENCLOSING CIRCLE;;;;
+20DE;COMBINING ENCLOSING SQUARE;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;ENCLOSING SQUARE;;;;
+20DF;COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;ENCLOSING DIAMOND;;;;
+20E0;COMBINING ENCLOSING CIRCLE BACKSLASH;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;ENCLOSING CIRCLE SLASH;;;;
+20E1;COMBINING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING LEFT RIGHT ARROW ABOVE;;;;
+20E2;COMBINING ENCLOSING SCREEN;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+20E3;COMBINING ENCLOSING KEYCAP;Me;0;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+2100;ACCOUNT OF;So;0;ON;<compat> 0061 002F 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+2101;ADDRESSED TO THE SUBJECT;So;0;ON;<compat> 0061 002F 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+2102;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK C;;;;
+2103;DEGREE CELSIUS;So;0;ON;<compat> 00B0 0043;;;;N;DEGREES CENTIGRADE;;;;
+2104;CENTRE LINE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;C L SYMBOL;;;;
+2105;CARE OF;So;0;ON;<compat> 0063 002F 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+2106;CADA UNA;So;0;ON;<compat> 0063 002F 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+2107;EULER CONSTANT;Lu;0;L;<compat> 0190;;;;N;EULERS;;;;
+2108;SCRUPLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2109;DEGREE FAHRENHEIT;So;0;ON;<compat> 00B0 0046;;;;N;DEGREES FAHRENHEIT;;;;
+210A;SCRIPT SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+210B;SCRIPT CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;SCRIPT H;;;;
+210C;BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;BLACK-LETTER H;;;;
+210D;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK H;;;;
+210E;PLANCK CONSTANT;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+210F;PLANCK CONSTANT OVER TWO PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 0127;;;;N;PLANCK CONSTANT OVER 2 PI;;;;
+2110;SCRIPT CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;SCRIPT I;;;;
+2111;BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;BLACK-LETTER I;;;;
+2112;SCRIPT CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;SCRIPT L;;;;
+2113;SCRIPT SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+2114;L B BAR SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2115;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK N;;;;
+2116;NUMERO SIGN;So;0;ON;<compat> 004E 006F;;;;N;NUMERO;;;;
+2117;SOUND RECORDING COPYRIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2118;SCRIPT CAPITAL P;So;0;ON;;;;;N;SCRIPT P;;;;
+2119;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK P;;;;
+211A;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK Q;;;;
+211B;SCRIPT CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;SCRIPT R;;;;
+211C;BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;BLACK-LETTER R;;;;
+211D;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK R;;;;
+211E;PRESCRIPTION TAKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+211F;RESPONSE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2120;SERVICE MARK;So;0;ON;<super> 0053 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+2121;TELEPHONE SIGN;So;0;ON;<compat> 0054 0045 004C;;;;N;T E L SYMBOL;;;;
+2122;TRADE MARK SIGN;So;0;ON;<super> 0054 004D;;;;N;TRADEMARK;;;;
+2123;VERSICLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2124;DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;DOUBLE-STRUCK Z;;;;
+2125;OUNCE SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OUNCE;;;;
+2126;OHM SIGN;Lu;0;L;03A9;;;;N;OHM;;;03C9;
+2127;INVERTED OHM SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;MHO;;;;
+2128;BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;BLACK-LETTER Z;;;;
+2129;TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+212A;KELVIN SIGN;Lu;0;L;004B;;;;N;DEGREES KELVIN;;;006B;
+212B;ANGSTROM SIGN;Lu;0;L;00C5;;;;N;ANGSTROM UNIT;;;00E5;
+212C;SCRIPT CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;SCRIPT B;;;;
+212D;BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;BLACK-LETTER C;;;;
+212E;ESTIMATED SYMBOL;So;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+212F;SCRIPT SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+2130;SCRIPT CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;SCRIPT E;;;;
+2131;SCRIPT CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;SCRIPT F;;;;
+2132;TURNED CAPITAL F;So;0;ON;;;;;N;TURNED F;;;;
+2133;SCRIPT CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;SCRIPT M;;;;
+2134;SCRIPT SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+2135;ALEF SYMBOL;Lo;0;L;<compat> 05D0;;;;N;FIRST TRANSFINITE CARDINAL;;;;
+2136;BET SYMBOL;Lo;0;L;<compat> 05D1;;;;N;SECOND TRANSFINITE CARDINAL;;;;
+2137;GIMEL SYMBOL;Lo;0;L;<compat> 05D2;;;;N;THIRD TRANSFINITE CARDINAL;;;;
+2138;DALET SYMBOL;Lo;0;L;<compat> 05D3;;;;N;FOURTH TRANSFINITE CARDINAL;;;;
+2139;INFORMATION SOURCE;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+213A;ROTATED CAPITAL Q;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2153;VULGAR FRACTION ONE THIRD;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0033;;;1/3;N;FRACTION ONE THIRD;;;;
+2154;VULGAR FRACTION TWO THIRDS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0032 2044 0033;;;2/3;N;FRACTION TWO THIRDS;;;;
+2155;VULGAR FRACTION ONE FIFTH;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0035;;;1/5;N;FRACTION ONE FIFTH;;;;
+2156;VULGAR FRACTION TWO FIFTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0032 2044 0035;;;2/5;N;FRACTION TWO FIFTHS;;;;
+2157;VULGAR FRACTION THREE FIFTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0033 2044 0035;;;3/5;N;FRACTION THREE FIFTHS;;;;
+2158;VULGAR FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0034 2044 0035;;;4/5;N;FRACTION FOUR FIFTHS;;;;
+2159;VULGAR FRACTION ONE SIXTH;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0036;;;1/6;N;FRACTION ONE SIXTH;;;;
+215A;VULGAR FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0035 2044 0036;;;5/6;N;FRACTION FIVE SIXTHS;;;;
+215B;VULGAR FRACTION ONE EIGHTH;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044 0038;;;1/8;N;FRACTION ONE EIGHTH;;;;
+215C;VULGAR FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0033 2044 0038;;;3/8;N;FRACTION THREE EIGHTHS;;;;
+215D;VULGAR FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0035 2044 0038;;;5/8;N;FRACTION FIVE EIGHTHS;;;;
+215E;VULGAR FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0037 2044 0038;;;7/8;N;FRACTION SEVEN EIGHTHS;;;;
+215F;FRACTION NUMERATOR ONE;No;0;ON;<fraction> 0031 2044;;;1;N;;;;;
+2160;ROMAN NUMERAL ONE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0049;;;1;N;;;;2170;
+2161;ROMAN NUMERAL TWO;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0049 0049;;;2;N;;;;2171;
+2162;ROMAN NUMERAL THREE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0049 0049 0049;;;3;N;;;;2172;
+2163;ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0049 0056;;;4;N;;;;2173;
+2164;ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0056;;;5;N;;;;2174;
+2165;ROMAN NUMERAL SIX;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0056 0049;;;6;N;;;;2175;
+2166;ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0056 0049 0049;;;7;N;;;;2176;
+2167;ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0056 0049 0049 0049;;;8;N;;;;2177;
+2168;ROMAN NUMERAL NINE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0049 0058;;;9;N;;;;2178;
+2169;ROMAN NUMERAL TEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0058;;;10;N;;;;2179;
+216A;ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0058 0049;;;11;N;;;;217A;
+216B;ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0058 0049 0049;;;12;N;;;;217B;
+216C;ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY;Nl;0;L;<compat> 004C;;;50;N;;;;217C;
+216D;ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0043;;;100;N;;;;217D;
+216E;ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0044;;;500;N;;;;217E;
+216F;ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND;Nl;0;L;<compat> 004D;;;1000;N;;;;217F;
+2170;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0069;;;1;N;;;2160;;2160
+2171;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWO;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0069 0069;;;2;N;;;2161;;2161
+2172;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL THREE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0069 0069 0069;;;3;N;;;2162;;2162
+2173;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FOUR;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0069 0076;;;4;N;;;2163;;2163
+2174;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0076;;;5;N;;;2164;;2164
+2175;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SIX;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0076 0069;;;6;N;;;2165;;2165
+2176;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL SEVEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0076 0069 0069;;;7;N;;;2166;;2166
+2177;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL EIGHT;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0076 0069 0069 0069;;;8;N;;;2167;;2167
+2178;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL NINE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0069 0078;;;9;N;;;2168;;2168
+2179;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0078;;;10;N;;;2169;;2169
+217A;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ELEVEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0078 0069;;;11;N;;;216A;;216A
+217B;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL TWELVE;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0078 0069 0069;;;12;N;;;216B;;216B
+217C;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIFTY;Nl;0;L;<compat> 006C;;;50;N;;;216C;;216C
+217D;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0063;;;100;N;;;216D;;216D
+217E;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;<compat> 0064;;;500;N;;;216E;;216E
+217F;SMALL ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND;Nl;0;L;<compat> 006D;;;1000;N;;;216F;;216F
+2180;ROMAN NUMERAL ONE THOUSAND C D;Nl;0;L;;;;1000;N;;;;;
+2181;ROMAN NUMERAL FIVE THOUSAND;Nl;0;L;;;;5000;N;;;;;
+2182;ROMAN NUMERAL TEN THOUSAND;Nl;0;L;;;;10000;N;;;;;
+2183;ROMAN NUMERAL REVERSED ONE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+2190;LEFTWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW;;;;
+2191;UPWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW;;;;
+2192;RIGHTWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2193;DOWNWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW;;;;
+2194;LEFT RIGHT ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2195;UP DOWN ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2196;NORTH WEST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UPPER LEFT ARROW;;;;
+2197;NORTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UPPER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2198;SOUTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LOWER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2199;SOUTH WEST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LOWER LEFT ARROW;;;;
+219A;LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE;Sm;0;ON;2190 0338;;;;N;LEFT ARROW WITH STROKE;;;;
+219B;RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH STROKE;Sm;0;ON;2192 0338;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE;;;;
+219C;LEFTWARDS WAVE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT WAVE ARROW;;;;
+219D;RIGHTWARDS WAVE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT WAVE ARROW;;;;
+219E;LEFTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT TWO HEADED ARROW;;;;
+219F;UPWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP TWO HEADED ARROW;;;;
+21A0;RIGHTWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT TWO HEADED ARROW;;;;
+21A1;DOWNWARDS TWO HEADED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN TWO HEADED ARROW;;;;
+21A2;LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW WITH TAIL;;;;
+21A3;RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH TAIL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW WITH TAIL;;;;
+21A4;LEFTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW FROM BAR;;;;
+21A5;UPWARDS ARROW FROM BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW FROM BAR;;;;
+21A6;RIGHTWARDS ARROW FROM BAR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW FROM BAR;;;;
+21A7;DOWNWARDS ARROW FROM BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW FROM BAR;;;;
+21A8;UP DOWN ARROW WITH BASE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21A9;LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW WITH HOOK;;;;
+21AA;RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH HOOK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW WITH HOOK;;;;
+21AB;LEFTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW WITH LOOP;;;;
+21AC;RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH LOOP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW WITH LOOP;;;;
+21AD;LEFT RIGHT WAVE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21AE;LEFT RIGHT ARROW WITH STROKE;Sm;0;ON;2194 0338;;;;N;;;;;
+21AF;DOWNWARDS ZIGZAG ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ZIGZAG ARROW;;;;
+21B0;UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW WITH TIP LEFT;;;;
+21B1;UPWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW WITH TIP RIGHT;;;;
+21B2;DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP LEFTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW WITH TIP LEFT;;;;
+21B3;DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH TIP RIGHTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW WITH TIP RIGHT;;;;
+21B4;RIGHTWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER DOWNWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW WITH CORNER DOWN;;;;
+21B5;DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW WITH CORNER LEFT;;;;
+21B6;ANTICLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21B7;CLOCKWISE TOP SEMICIRCLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21B8;NORTH WEST ARROW TO LONG BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UPPER LEFT ARROW TO LONG BAR;;;;
+21B9;LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW TO BAR OVER RIGHT ARROW TO BAR;;;;
+21BA;ANTICLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21BB;CLOCKWISE OPEN CIRCLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21BC;LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT HARPOON WITH BARB UP;;;;
+21BD;LEFTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN;;;;
+21BE;UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT;;;;
+21BF;UPWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT;;;;
+21C0;RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB UPWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT HARPOON WITH BARB UP;;;;
+21C1;RIGHTWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB DOWNWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT HARPOON WITH BARB DOWN;;;;
+21C2;DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN HARPOON WITH BARB RIGHT;;;;
+21C3;DOWNWARDS HARPOON WITH BARB LEFTWARDS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN HARPOON WITH BARB LEFT;;;;
+21C4;RIGHTWARDS ARROW OVER LEFTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW OVER LEFT ARROW;;;;
+21C5;UPWARDS ARROW LEFTWARDS OF DOWNWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW LEFT OF DOWN ARROW;;;;
+21C6;LEFTWARDS ARROW OVER RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW OVER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+21C7;LEFTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT PAIRED ARROWS;;;;
+21C8;UPWARDS PAIRED ARROWS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP PAIRED ARROWS;;;;
+21C9;RIGHTWARDS PAIRED ARROWS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT PAIRED ARROWS;;;;
+21CA;DOWNWARDS PAIRED ARROWS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN PAIRED ARROWS;;;;
+21CB;LEFTWARDS HARPOON OVER RIGHTWARDS HARPOON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT HARPOON OVER RIGHT HARPOON;;;;
+21CC;RIGHTWARDS HARPOON OVER LEFTWARDS HARPOON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT HARPOON OVER LEFT HARPOON;;;;
+21CD;LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE;So;0;ON;21D0 0338;;;;N;LEFT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE;;;;
+21CE;LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE;Sm;0;ON;21D4 0338;;;;N;;;;;
+21CF;RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE;Sm;0;ON;21D2 0338;;;;N;RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW WITH STROKE;;;;
+21D0;LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D1;UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D2;RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D3;DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D4;LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21D5;UP DOWN DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21D6;NORTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UPPER LEFT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D7;NORTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UPPER RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D8;SOUTH EAST DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LOWER RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21D9;SOUTH WEST DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LOWER LEFT DOUBLE ARROW;;;;
+21DA;LEFTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT TRIPLE ARROW;;;;
+21DB;RIGHTWARDS TRIPLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT TRIPLE ARROW;;;;
+21DC;LEFTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT SQUIGGLE ARROW;;;;
+21DD;RIGHTWARDS SQUIGGLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT SQUIGGLE ARROW;;;;
+21DE;UPWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE;;;;
+21DF;DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN ARROW WITH DOUBLE STROKE;;;;
+21E0;LEFTWARDS DASHED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT DASHED ARROW;;;;
+21E1;UPWARDS DASHED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;UP DASHED ARROW;;;;
+21E2;RIGHTWARDS DASHED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT DASHED ARROW;;;;
+21E3;DOWNWARDS DASHED ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DOWN DASHED ARROW;;;;
+21E4;LEFTWARDS ARROW TO BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT ARROW TO BAR;;;;
+21E5;RIGHTWARDS ARROW TO BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT ARROW TO BAR;;;;
+21E6;LEFTWARDS WHITE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE LEFT ARROW;;;;
+21E7;UPWARDS WHITE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE UP ARROW;;;;
+21E8;RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+21E9;DOWNWARDS WHITE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE DOWN ARROW;;;;
+21EA;UPWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE UP ARROW FROM BAR;;;;
+21EB;UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21EC;UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH HORIZONTAL BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21ED;UPWARDS WHITE ARROW ON PEDESTAL WITH VERTICAL BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21EE;UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21EF;UPWARDS WHITE DOUBLE ARROW ON PEDESTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21F0;RIGHTWARDS WHITE ARROW FROM WALL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21F1;NORTH WEST ARROW TO CORNER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21F2;SOUTH EAST ARROW TO CORNER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+21F3;UP DOWN WHITE ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2200;FOR ALL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2201;COMPLEMENT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2202;PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2203;THERE EXISTS;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2204;THERE DOES NOT EXIST;Sm;0;ON;2203 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+2205;EMPTY SET;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2206;INCREMENT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2207;NABLA;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2208;ELEMENT OF;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2209;NOT AN ELEMENT OF;Sm;0;ON;2208 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+220A;SMALL ELEMENT OF;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+220B;CONTAINS AS MEMBER;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+220C;DOES NOT CONTAIN AS MEMBER;Sm;0;ON;220B 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+220D;SMALL CONTAINS AS MEMBER;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+220E;END OF PROOF;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+220F;N-ARY PRODUCT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2210;N-ARY COPRODUCT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2211;N-ARY SUMMATION;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2212;MINUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+2213;MINUS-OR-PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;;;;;N;;;;;
+2214;DOT PLUS;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2215;DIVISION SLASH;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2216;SET MINUS;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2217;ASTERISK OPERATOR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2218;RING OPERATOR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2219;BULLET OPERATOR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+221A;SQUARE ROOT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+221B;CUBE ROOT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+221C;FOURTH ROOT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+221D;PROPORTIONAL TO;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+221E;INFINITY;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+221F;RIGHT ANGLE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2220;ANGLE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2221;MEASURED ANGLE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2222;SPHERICAL ANGLE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2223;DIVIDES;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2224;DOES NOT DIVIDE;Sm;0;ON;2223 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+2225;PARALLEL TO;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2226;NOT PARALLEL TO;Sm;0;ON;2225 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+2227;LOGICAL AND;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2228;LOGICAL OR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2229;INTERSECTION;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+222A;UNION;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+222B;INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+222C;DOUBLE INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;<compat> 222B 222B;;;;Y;;;;;
+222D;TRIPLE INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;<compat> 222B 222B 222B;;;;Y;;;;;
+222E;CONTOUR INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+222F;SURFACE INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;<compat> 222E 222E;;;;Y;;;;;
+2230;VOLUME INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;<compat> 222E 222E 222E;;;;Y;;;;;
+2231;CLOCKWISE INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2232;CLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2233;ANTICLOCKWISE CONTOUR INTEGRAL;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2234;THEREFORE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2235;BECAUSE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2236;RATIO;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2237;PROPORTION;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2238;DOT MINUS;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2239;EXCESS;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+223A;GEOMETRIC PROPORTION;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+223B;HOMOTHETIC;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+223C;TILDE OPERATOR;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+223D;REVERSED TILDE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;lazy S;;;
+223E;INVERTED LAZY S;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+223F;SINE WAVE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2240;WREATH PRODUCT;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
+2241;NOT TILDE;Sm;0;ON;223C 0338;;;;Y;;;;;
+2242;MINUS TILDE;Sm;0;ON;;;;;Y;;;;;
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+237E;BELL SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+237F;VERTICAL LINE WITH MIDDLE DOT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2380;INSERTION SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2381;CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2382;DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2383;EMPHASIS SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2384;COMPOSITION SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2385;WHITE SQUARE WITH CENTRE VERTICAL LINE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2386;ENTER SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2387;ALTERNATIVE KEY SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2388;HELM SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2389;CIRCLED HORIZONTAL BAR WITH NOTCH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;pause;;;
+238A;CIRCLED TRIANGLE DOWN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;break;;;
+238B;BROKEN CIRCLE WITH NORTHWEST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;escape;;;
+238C;UNDO SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+238D;MONOSTABLE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+238E;HYSTERESIS SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+238F;OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT H-TYPE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2390;OPEN-CIRCUIT-OUTPUT L-TYPE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2391;PASSIVE-PULL-DOWN-OUTPUT SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2392;PASSIVE-PULL-UP-OUTPUT SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2393;DIRECT CURRENT SYMBOL FORM TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2394;SOFTWARE-FUNCTION SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2395;APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL QUAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+2396;DECIMAL SEPARATOR KEY SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2397;PREVIOUS PAGE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2398;NEXT PAGE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2399;PRINT SCREEN SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+239A;CLEAR SCREEN SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2400;SYMBOL FOR NULL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR NULL;;;;
+2401;SYMBOL FOR START OF HEADING;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR START OF HEADING;;;;
+2402;SYMBOL FOR START OF TEXT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR START OF TEXT;;;;
+2403;SYMBOL FOR END OF TEXT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR END OF TEXT;;;;
+2404;SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR END OF TRANSMISSION;;;;
+2405;SYMBOL FOR ENQUIRY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR ENQUIRY;;;;
+2406;SYMBOL FOR ACKNOWLEDGE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR ACKNOWLEDGE;;;;
+2407;SYMBOL FOR BELL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR BELL;;;;
+2408;SYMBOL FOR BACKSPACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR BACKSPACE;;;;
+2409;SYMBOL FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR HORIZONTAL TABULATION;;;;
+240A;SYMBOL FOR LINE FEED;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR LINE FEED;;;;
+240B;SYMBOL FOR VERTICAL TABULATION;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR VERTICAL TABULATION;;;;
+240C;SYMBOL FOR FORM FEED;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR FORM FEED;;;;
+240D;SYMBOL FOR CARRIAGE RETURN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR CARRIAGE RETURN;;;;
+240E;SYMBOL FOR SHIFT OUT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR SHIFT OUT;;;;
+240F;SYMBOL FOR SHIFT IN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR SHIFT IN;;;;
+2410;SYMBOL FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DATA LINK ESCAPE;;;;
+2411;SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DEVICE CONTROL ONE;;;;
+2412;SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DEVICE CONTROL TWO;;;;
+2413;SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DEVICE CONTROL THREE;;;;
+2414;SYMBOL FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DEVICE CONTROL FOUR;;;;
+2415;SYMBOL FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGE;;;;
+2416;SYMBOL FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR SYNCHRONOUS IDLE;;;;
+2417;SYMBOL FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR END OF TRANSMISSION BLOCK;;;;
+2418;SYMBOL FOR CANCEL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR CANCEL;;;;
+2419;SYMBOL FOR END OF MEDIUM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR END OF MEDIUM;;;;
+241A;SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR SUBSTITUTE;;;;
+241B;SYMBOL FOR ESCAPE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR ESCAPE;;;;
+241C;SYMBOL FOR FILE SEPARATOR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR FILE SEPARATOR;;;;
+241D;SYMBOL FOR GROUP SEPARATOR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR GROUP SEPARATOR;;;;
+241E;SYMBOL FOR RECORD SEPARATOR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR RECORD SEPARATOR;;;;
+241F;SYMBOL FOR UNIT SEPARATOR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR UNIT SEPARATOR;;;;
+2420;SYMBOL FOR SPACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR SPACE;;;;
+2421;SYMBOL FOR DELETE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR DELETE;;;;
+2422;BLANK SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLANK;;;;
+2423;OPEN BOX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2424;SYMBOL FOR NEWLINE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;GRAPHIC FOR NEWLINE;;;;
+2425;SYMBOL FOR DELETE FORM TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2426;SYMBOL FOR SUBSTITUTE FORM TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2440;OCR HOOK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2441;OCR CHAIR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2442;OCR FORK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2443;OCR INVERTED FORK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2444;OCR BELT BUCKLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2445;OCR BOW TIE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2446;OCR BRANCH BANK IDENTIFICATION;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2447;OCR AMOUNT OF CHECK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2448;OCR DASH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2449;OCR CUSTOMER ACCOUNT NUMBER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+244A;OCR DOUBLE BACKSLASH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2460;CIRCLED DIGIT ONE;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031;;1;1;N;;;;;
+2461;CIRCLED DIGIT TWO;No;0;EN;<circle> 0032;;2;2;N;;;;;
+2462;CIRCLED DIGIT THREE;No;0;EN;<circle> 0033;;3;3;N;;;;;
+2463;CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR;No;0;EN;<circle> 0034;;4;4;N;;;;;
+2464;CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE;No;0;EN;<circle> 0035;;5;5;N;;;;;
+2465;CIRCLED DIGIT SIX;No;0;EN;<circle> 0036;;6;6;N;;;;;
+2466;CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0037;;7;7;N;;;;;
+2467;CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT;No;0;EN;<circle> 0038;;8;8;N;;;;;
+2468;CIRCLED DIGIT NINE;No;0;EN;<circle> 0039;;9;9;N;;;;;
+2469;CIRCLED NUMBER TEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0030;;;10;N;;;;;
+246A;CIRCLED NUMBER ELEVEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0031;;;11;N;;;;;
+246B;CIRCLED NUMBER TWELVE;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0032;;;12;N;;;;;
+246C;CIRCLED NUMBER THIRTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0033;;;13;N;;;;;
+246D;CIRCLED NUMBER FOURTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0034;;;14;N;;;;;
+246E;CIRCLED NUMBER FIFTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0035;;;15;N;;;;;
+246F;CIRCLED NUMBER SIXTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0036;;;16;N;;;;;
+2470;CIRCLED NUMBER SEVENTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0037;;;17;N;;;;;
+2471;CIRCLED NUMBER EIGHTEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0038;;;18;N;;;;;
+2472;CIRCLED NUMBER NINETEEN;No;0;EN;<circle> 0031 0039;;;19;N;;;;;
+2473;CIRCLED NUMBER TWENTY;No;0;EN;<circle> 0032 0030;;;20;N;;;;;
+2474;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT ONE;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0029;;1;1;N;;;;;
+2475;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT TWO;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0032 0029;;2;2;N;;;;;
+2476;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT THREE;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0033 0029;;3;3;N;;;;;
+2477;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FOUR;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0034 0029;;4;4;N;;;;;
+2478;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT FIVE;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0035 0029;;5;5;N;;;;;
+2479;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SIX;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0036 0029;;6;6;N;;;;;
+247A;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT SEVEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0037 0029;;7;7;N;;;;;
+247B;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT EIGHT;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0038 0029;;8;8;N;;;;;
+247C;PARENTHESIZED DIGIT NINE;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0039 0029;;9;9;N;;;;;
+247D;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0030 0029;;;10;N;;;;;
+247E;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER ELEVEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0031 0029;;;11;N;;;;;
+247F;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWELVE;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0032 0029;;;12;N;;;;;
+2480;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER THIRTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0033 0029;;;13;N;;;;;
+2481;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FOURTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0034 0029;;;14;N;;;;;
+2482;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER FIFTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0035 0029;;;15;N;;;;;
+2483;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SIXTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0036 0029;;;16;N;;;;;
+2484;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER SEVENTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0037 0029;;;17;N;;;;;
+2485;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER EIGHTEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0038 0029;;;18;N;;;;;
+2486;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER NINETEEN;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0031 0039 0029;;;19;N;;;;;
+2487;PARENTHESIZED NUMBER TWENTY;No;0;EN;<compat> 0028 0032 0030 0029;;;20;N;;;;;
+2488;DIGIT ONE FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 002E;;1;1;N;DIGIT ONE PERIOD;;;;
+2489;DIGIT TWO FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0032 002E;;2;2;N;DIGIT TWO PERIOD;;;;
+248A;DIGIT THREE FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0033 002E;;3;3;N;DIGIT THREE PERIOD;;;;
+248B;DIGIT FOUR FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0034 002E;;4;4;N;DIGIT FOUR PERIOD;;;;
+248C;DIGIT FIVE FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0035 002E;;5;5;N;DIGIT FIVE PERIOD;;;;
+248D;DIGIT SIX FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0036 002E;;6;6;N;DIGIT SIX PERIOD;;;;
+248E;DIGIT SEVEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0037 002E;;7;7;N;DIGIT SEVEN PERIOD;;;;
+248F;DIGIT EIGHT FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0038 002E;;8;8;N;DIGIT EIGHT PERIOD;;;;
+2490;DIGIT NINE FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0039 002E;;9;9;N;DIGIT NINE PERIOD;;;;
+2491;NUMBER TEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0030 002E;;;10;N;NUMBER TEN PERIOD;;;;
+2492;NUMBER ELEVEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0031 002E;;;11;N;NUMBER ELEVEN PERIOD;;;;
+2493;NUMBER TWELVE FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0032 002E;;;12;N;NUMBER TWELVE PERIOD;;;;
+2494;NUMBER THIRTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0033 002E;;;13;N;NUMBER THIRTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+2495;NUMBER FOURTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0034 002E;;;14;N;NUMBER FOURTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+2496;NUMBER FIFTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0035 002E;;;15;N;NUMBER FIFTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+2497;NUMBER SIXTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0036 002E;;;16;N;NUMBER SIXTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+2498;NUMBER SEVENTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0037 002E;;;17;N;NUMBER SEVENTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+2499;NUMBER EIGHTEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0038 002E;;;18;N;NUMBER EIGHTEEN PERIOD;;;;
+249A;NUMBER NINETEEN FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0031 0039 002E;;;19;N;NUMBER NINETEEN PERIOD;;;;
+249B;NUMBER TWENTY FULL STOP;No;0;EN;<compat> 0032 0030 002E;;;20;N;NUMBER TWENTY PERIOD;;;;
+249C;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0061 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+249D;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER B;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0062 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+249E;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER C;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0063 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+249F;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER D;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0064 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A0;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER E;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0065 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A1;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER F;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0066 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A2;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER G;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0067 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A3;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER H;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0068 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A4;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER I;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0069 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A5;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER J;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006A 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A6;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER K;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006B 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A7;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER L;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006C 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A8;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER M;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006D 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24A9;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER N;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006E 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AA;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER O;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 006F 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AB;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER P;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0070 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AC;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0071 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AD;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER R;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0072 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AE;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER S;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0073 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24AF;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER T;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0074 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B0;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER U;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0075 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B1;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER V;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0076 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B2;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER W;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0077 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B3;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER X;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0078 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B4;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 0079 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B5;PARENTHESIZED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 007A 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+24B6;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A;So;0;L;<circle> 0041;;;;N;;;;24D0;
+24B7;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B;So;0;L;<circle> 0042;;;;N;;;;24D1;
+24B8;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C;So;0;L;<circle> 0043;;;;N;;;;24D2;
+24B9;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D;So;0;L;<circle> 0044;;;;N;;;;24D3;
+24BA;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E;So;0;L;<circle> 0045;;;;N;;;;24D4;
+24BB;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F;So;0;L;<circle> 0046;;;;N;;;;24D5;
+24BC;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G;So;0;L;<circle> 0047;;;;N;;;;24D6;
+24BD;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H;So;0;L;<circle> 0048;;;;N;;;;24D7;
+24BE;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I;So;0;L;<circle> 0049;;;;N;;;;24D8;
+24BF;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J;So;0;L;<circle> 004A;;;;N;;;;24D9;
+24C0;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K;So;0;L;<circle> 004B;;;;N;;;;24DA;
+24C1;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L;So;0;L;<circle> 004C;;;;N;;;;24DB;
+24C2;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M;So;0;L;<circle> 004D;;;;N;;;;24DC;
+24C3;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N;So;0;L;<circle> 004E;;;;N;;;;24DD;
+24C4;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O;So;0;L;<circle> 004F;;;;N;;;;24DE;
+24C5;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P;So;0;L;<circle> 0050;;;;N;;;;24DF;
+24C6;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q;So;0;L;<circle> 0051;;;;N;;;;24E0;
+24C7;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R;So;0;L;<circle> 0052;;;;N;;;;24E1;
+24C8;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S;So;0;L;<circle> 0053;;;;N;;;;24E2;
+24C9;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T;So;0;L;<circle> 0054;;;;N;;;;24E3;
+24CA;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U;So;0;L;<circle> 0055;;;;N;;;;24E4;
+24CB;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V;So;0;L;<circle> 0056;;;;N;;;;24E5;
+24CC;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W;So;0;L;<circle> 0057;;;;N;;;;24E6;
+24CD;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X;So;0;L;<circle> 0058;;;;N;;;;24E7;
+24CE;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y;So;0;L;<circle> 0059;;;;N;;;;24E8;
+24CF;CIRCLED LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z;So;0;L;<circle> 005A;;;;N;;;;24E9;
+24D0;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER A;So;0;L;<circle> 0061;;;;N;;;24B6;;24B6
+24D1;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER B;So;0;L;<circle> 0062;;;;N;;;24B7;;24B7
+24D2;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER C;So;0;L;<circle> 0063;;;;N;;;24B8;;24B8
+24D3;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER D;So;0;L;<circle> 0064;;;;N;;;24B9;;24B9
+24D4;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER E;So;0;L;<circle> 0065;;;;N;;;24BA;;24BA
+24D5;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER F;So;0;L;<circle> 0066;;;;N;;;24BB;;24BB
+24D6;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER G;So;0;L;<circle> 0067;;;;N;;;24BC;;24BC
+24D7;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER H;So;0;L;<circle> 0068;;;;N;;;24BD;;24BD
+24D8;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER I;So;0;L;<circle> 0069;;;;N;;;24BE;;24BE
+24D9;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER J;So;0;L;<circle> 006A;;;;N;;;24BF;;24BF
+24DA;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER K;So;0;L;<circle> 006B;;;;N;;;24C0;;24C0
+24DB;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER L;So;0;L;<circle> 006C;;;;N;;;24C1;;24C1
+24DC;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER M;So;0;L;<circle> 006D;;;;N;;;24C2;;24C2
+24DD;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER N;So;0;L;<circle> 006E;;;;N;;;24C3;;24C3
+24DE;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER O;So;0;L;<circle> 006F;;;;N;;;24C4;;24C4
+24DF;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER P;So;0;L;<circle> 0070;;;;N;;;24C5;;24C5
+24E0;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Q;So;0;L;<circle> 0071;;;;N;;;24C6;;24C6
+24E1;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER R;So;0;L;<circle> 0072;;;;N;;;24C7;;24C7
+24E2;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER S;So;0;L;<circle> 0073;;;;N;;;24C8;;24C8
+24E3;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER T;So;0;L;<circle> 0074;;;;N;;;24C9;;24C9
+24E4;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER U;So;0;L;<circle> 0075;;;;N;;;24CA;;24CA
+24E5;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER V;So;0;L;<circle> 0076;;;;N;;;24CB;;24CB
+24E6;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER W;So;0;L;<circle> 0077;;;;N;;;24CC;;24CC
+24E7;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER X;So;0;L;<circle> 0078;;;;N;;;24CD;;24CD
+24E8;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Y;So;0;L;<circle> 0079;;;;N;;;24CE;;24CE
+24E9;CIRCLED LATIN SMALL LETTER Z;So;0;L;<circle> 007A;;;;N;;;24CF;;24CF
+24EA;CIRCLED DIGIT ZERO;No;0;EN;<circle> 0030;;0;0;N;;;;;
+2500;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2501;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2502;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT VERTICAL;;;;
+2503;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY VERTICAL;;;;
+2504;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2505;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2506;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL;;;;
+2507;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY TRIPLE DASH VERTICAL;;;;
+2508;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2509;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH HORIZONTAL;;;;
+250A;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL;;;;
+250B;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY QUADRUPLE DASH VERTICAL;;;;
+250C;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DOWN AND RIGHT;;;;
+250D;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY;;;;
+250E;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;;;;
+250F;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY DOWN AND RIGHT;;;;
+2510;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DOWN AND LEFT;;;;
+2511;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;;;;
+2512;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;;;;
+2513;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY DOWN AND LEFT;;;;
+2514;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT UP AND RIGHT;;;;
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+2516;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;;;;
+2517;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY UP AND RIGHT;;;;
+2518;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT UP AND LEFT;;;;
+2519;BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;;;;
+251A;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;;;;
+251B;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY UP AND LEFT;;;;
+251C;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT VERTICAL AND RIGHT;;;;
+251D;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL LIGHT AND RIGHT HEAVY;;;;
+251E;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+251F;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2520;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL HEAVY AND RIGHT LIGHT;;;;
+2521;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY;;;;
+2522;BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY;;;;
+2523;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY VERTICAL AND RIGHT;;;;
+2524;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT VERTICAL AND LEFT;;;;
+2525;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL LIGHT AND LEFT HEAVY;;;;
+2526;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+2527;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2528;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL HEAVY AND LEFT LIGHT;;;;
+2529;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY;;;;
+252A;BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY;;;;
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+252D;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+252E;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+252F;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;;;;
+2530;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;;;;
+2531;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT DOWN HEAVY;;;;
+2532;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT DOWN HEAVY;;;;
+2533;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY DOWN AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2534;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT UP AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2535;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2536;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2537;BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;;;;
+2538;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;;;;
+2539;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT UP HEAVY;;;;
+253A;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT LIGHT AND RIGHT UP HEAVY;;;;
+253B;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY UP AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
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+253D;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT HEAVY AND RIGHT VERTICAL LIGHT;;;;
+253E;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT HEAVY AND LEFT VERTICAL LIGHT;;;;
+253F;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL LIGHT AND HORIZONTAL HEAVY;;;;
+2540;BOX DRAWINGS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP HEAVY AND DOWN HORIZONTAL LIGHT;;;;
+2541;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN HEAVY AND UP HORIZONTAL LIGHT;;;;
+2542;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL HEAVY AND HORIZONTAL LIGHT;;;;
+2543;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT UP HEAVY AND RIGHT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+2544;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT UP HEAVY AND LEFT DOWN LIGHT;;;;
+2545;BOX DRAWINGS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LEFT DOWN HEAVY AND RIGHT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2546;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT DOWN HEAVY AND LEFT UP LIGHT;;;;
+2547;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN LIGHT AND UP HORIZONTAL HEAVY;;;;
+2548;BOX DRAWINGS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP LIGHT AND DOWN HORIZONTAL HEAVY;;;;
+2549;BOX DRAWINGS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS RIGHT LIGHT AND LEFT VERTICAL HEAVY;;;;
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+254C;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DOUBLE DASH HORIZONTAL;;;;
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+2550;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE HORIZONTAL;;;;
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+2552;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE;;;;
+2553;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN DOUBLE AND RIGHT SINGLE;;;;
+2554;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE DOWN AND RIGHT;;;;
+2555;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE;;;;
+2556;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE;;;;
+2557;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE DOWN AND LEFT;;;;
+2558;BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP SINGLE AND RIGHT DOUBLE;;;;
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+2560;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND RIGHT;;;;
+2561;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL SINGLE AND LEFT DOUBLE;;;;
+2562;BOX DRAWINGS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS VERTICAL DOUBLE AND LEFT SINGLE;;;;
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+2565;BOX DRAWINGS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOWN DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE;;;;
+2566;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE DOWN AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
+2567;BOX DRAWINGS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP SINGLE AND HORIZONTAL DOUBLE;;;;
+2568;BOX DRAWINGS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS UP DOUBLE AND HORIZONTAL SINGLE;;;;
+2569;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE UP AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
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+256C;BOX DRAWINGS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS DOUBLE VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL;;;;
+256D;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT ARC DOWN AND RIGHT;;;;
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+256F;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT ARC UP AND LEFT;;;;
+2570;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT ARC UP AND RIGHT;;;;
+2571;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER RIGHT TO LOWER LEFT;;;;
+2572;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DIAGONAL UPPER LEFT TO LOWER RIGHT;;;;
+2573;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT DIAGONAL CROSS;;;;
+2574;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT LEFT;;;;
+2575;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT UP;;;;
+2576;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT RIGHT;;;;
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+2578;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY LEFT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY LEFT;;;;
+2579;BOX DRAWINGS HEAVY UP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS HEAVY UP;;;;
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+257C;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT LEFT AND HEAVY RIGHT;;;;
+257D;BOX DRAWINGS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FORMS LIGHT UP AND HEAVY DOWN;;;;
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+2580;UPPER HALF BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2581;LOWER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2582;LOWER ONE QUARTER BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2583;LOWER THREE EIGHTHS BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+2585;LOWER FIVE EIGHTHS BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2586;LOWER THREE QUARTERS BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LOWER THREE QUARTER BLOCK;;;;
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+258F;LEFT ONE EIGHTH BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2590;RIGHT HALF BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2591;LIGHT SHADE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2592;MEDIUM SHADE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2593;DARK SHADE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2594;UPPER ONE EIGHTH BLOCK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+25A2;WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+25B2;BLACK UP-POINTING TRIANGLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK UP POINTING TRIANGLE;;;;
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+261A;BLACK LEFT POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+261B;BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+261C;WHITE LEFT POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+261D;WHITE UP POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+261E;WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+261F;WHITE DOWN POINTING INDEX;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2620;SKULL AND CROSSBONES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2621;CAUTION SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2622;RADIOACTIVE SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2623;BIOHAZARD SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2624;CADUCEUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2625;ANKH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2626;ORTHODOX CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2627;CHI RHO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2628;CROSS OF LORRAINE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2629;CROSS OF JERUSALEM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+262A;STAR AND CRESCENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+262B;FARSI SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;SYMBOL OF IRAN;;;;
+262C;ADI SHAKTI;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+262D;HAMMER AND SICKLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+262E;PEACE SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+262F;YIN YANG;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2630;TRIGRAM FOR HEAVEN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2631;TRIGRAM FOR LAKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2632;TRIGRAM FOR FIRE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2633;TRIGRAM FOR THUNDER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2634;TRIGRAM FOR WIND;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2635;TRIGRAM FOR WATER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2636;TRIGRAM FOR MOUNTAIN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2637;TRIGRAM FOR EARTH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2638;WHEEL OF DHARMA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2639;WHITE FROWNING FACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263A;WHITE SMILING FACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263B;BLACK SMILING FACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263C;WHITE SUN WITH RAYS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263D;FIRST QUARTER MOON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263E;LAST QUARTER MOON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+263F;MERCURY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2640;FEMALE SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2641;EARTH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2642;MALE SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2643;JUPITER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2644;SATURN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2645;URANUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2646;NEPTUNE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2647;PLUTO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2648;ARIES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2649;TAURUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264A;GEMINI;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264B;CANCER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264C;LEO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264D;VIRGO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264E;LIBRA;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+264F;SCORPIUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2650;SAGITTARIUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2651;CAPRICORN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2652;AQUARIUS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2653;PISCES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2654;WHITE CHESS KING;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2655;WHITE CHESS QUEEN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2656;WHITE CHESS ROOK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2657;WHITE CHESS BISHOP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2658;WHITE CHESS KNIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2659;WHITE CHESS PAWN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265A;BLACK CHESS KING;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265B;BLACK CHESS QUEEN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265C;BLACK CHESS ROOK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265D;BLACK CHESS BISHOP;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265E;BLACK CHESS KNIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+265F;BLACK CHESS PAWN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2660;BLACK SPADE SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2661;WHITE HEART SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2662;WHITE DIAMOND SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2663;BLACK CLUB SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2664;WHITE SPADE SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2665;BLACK HEART SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2666;BLACK DIAMOND SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2667;WHITE CLUB SUIT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2668;HOT SPRINGS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2669;QUARTER NOTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+266A;EIGHTH NOTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+266B;BEAMED EIGHTH NOTES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BARRED EIGHTH NOTES;;;;
+266C;BEAMED SIXTEENTH NOTES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BARRED SIXTEENTH NOTES;;;;
+266D;MUSIC FLAT SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FLAT;;;;
+266E;MUSIC NATURAL SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;NATURAL;;;;
+266F;MUSIC SHARP SIGN;Sm;0;ON;;;;;N;SHARP;;;;
+2670;WEST SYRIAC CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2671;EAST SYRIAC CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2701;UPPER BLADE SCISSORS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2702;BLACK SCISSORS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2703;LOWER BLADE SCISSORS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2704;WHITE SCISSORS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2706;TELEPHONE LOCATION SIGN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2707;TAPE DRIVE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2708;AIRPLANE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2709;ENVELOPE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+270C;VICTORY HAND;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+270D;WRITING HAND;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+270E;LOWER RIGHT PENCIL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+270F;PENCIL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2710;UPPER RIGHT PENCIL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2711;WHITE NIB;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2712;BLACK NIB;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2713;CHECK MARK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2714;HEAVY CHECK MARK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2715;MULTIPLICATION X;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2716;HEAVY MULTIPLICATION X;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2717;BALLOT X;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2718;HEAVY BALLOT X;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2719;OUTLINED GREEK CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+271A;HEAVY GREEK CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+271B;OPEN CENTRE CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OPEN CENTER CROSS;;;;
+271C;HEAVY OPEN CENTRE CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY OPEN CENTER CROSS;;;;
+271D;LATIN CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+271E;SHADOWED WHITE LATIN CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+271F;OUTLINED LATIN CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2720;MALTESE CROSS;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2721;STAR OF DAVID;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2722;FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2723;FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2724;HEAVY FOUR BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2725;FOUR CLUB-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2726;BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2727;WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2729;STRESS OUTLINED WHITE STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+272A;CIRCLED WHITE STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+272B;OPEN CENTRE BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OPEN CENTER BLACK STAR;;;;
+272C;BLACK CENTRE WHITE STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK CENTER WHITE STAR;;;;
+272D;OUTLINED BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+272E;HEAVY OUTLINED BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+272F;PINWHEEL STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2730;SHADOWED WHITE STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2731;HEAVY ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2732;OPEN CENTRE ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OPEN CENTER ASTERISK;;;;
+2733;EIGHT SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2734;EIGHT POINTED BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2735;EIGHT POINTED PINWHEEL STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2736;SIX POINTED BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2737;EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2738;HEAVY EIGHT POINTED RECTILINEAR BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2739;TWELVE POINTED BLACK STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+273A;SIXTEEN POINTED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+273B;TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+273C;OPEN CENTRE TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OPEN CENTER TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK;;;;
+273D;HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+273E;SIX PETALLED BLACK AND WHITE FLORETTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+273F;BLACK FLORETTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2740;WHITE FLORETTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2741;EIGHT PETALLED OUTLINED BLACK FLORETTE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2742;CIRCLED OPEN CENTRE EIGHT POINTED STAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;CIRCLED OPEN CENTER EIGHT POINTED STAR;;;;
+2743;HEAVY TEARDROP-SPOKED PINWHEEL ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2744;SNOWFLAKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2745;TIGHT TRIFOLIATE SNOWFLAKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2746;HEAVY CHEVRON SNOWFLAKE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2747;SPARKLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2748;HEAVY SPARKLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2749;BALLOON-SPOKED ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+274A;EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+274B;HEAVY EIGHT TEARDROP-SPOKED PROPELLER ASTERISK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+274D;SHADOWED WHITE CIRCLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+274F;LOWER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2750;UPPER RIGHT DROP-SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2751;LOWER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2752;UPPER RIGHT SHADOWED WHITE SQUARE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2756;BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2758;LIGHT VERTICAL BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2759;MEDIUM VERTICAL BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+275A;HEAVY VERTICAL BAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+275B;HEAVY SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+275C;HEAVY SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+275D;HEAVY DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+275E;HEAVY DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2761;CURVED STEM PARAGRAPH SIGN ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2762;HEAVY EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2763;HEAVY HEART EXCLAMATION MARK ORNAMENT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2764;HEAVY BLACK HEART;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2765;ROTATED HEAVY BLACK HEART BULLET;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2766;FLORAL HEART;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2767;ROTATED FLORAL HEART BULLET;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2776;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE;No;0;ON;;;1;1;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT ONE;;;;
+2777;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO;No;0;ON;;;2;2;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT TWO;;;;
+2778;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE;No;0;ON;;;3;3;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT THREE;;;;
+2779;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR;No;0;ON;;;4;4;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+277A;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE;No;0;ON;;;5;5;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+277B;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX;No;0;ON;;;6;6;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT SIX;;;;
+277C;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN;No;0;ON;;;7;7;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+277D;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT;No;0;ON;;;8;8;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+277E;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE;No;0;ON;;;9;9;N;INVERSE CIRCLED DIGIT NINE;;;;
+277F;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN;No;0;ON;;;;10;N;INVERSE CIRCLED NUMBER TEN;;;;
+2780;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE;No;0;ON;;;1;1;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE;;;;
+2781;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO;No;0;ON;;;2;2;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO;;;;
+2782;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE;No;0;ON;;;3;3;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE;;;;
+2783;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR;No;0;ON;;;4;4;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+2784;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE;No;0;ON;;;5;5;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+2785;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX;No;0;ON;;;6;6;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX;;;;
+2786;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN;No;0;ON;;;7;7;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+2787;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT;No;0;ON;;;8;8;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+2788;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE;No;0;ON;;;9;9;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE;;;;
+2789;DINGBAT CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN;No;0;ON;;;;10;N;CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN;;;;
+278A;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE;No;0;ON;;;1;1;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE;;;;
+278B;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO;No;0;ON;;;2;2;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO;;;;
+278C;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE;No;0;ON;;;3;3;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE;;;;
+278D;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR;No;0;ON;;;4;4;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR;;;;
+278E;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE;No;0;ON;;;5;5;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE;;;;
+278F;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX;No;0;ON;;;6;6;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX;;;;
+2790;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN;No;0;ON;;;7;7;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN;;;;
+2791;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT;No;0;ON;;;8;8;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT;;;;
+2792;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE;No;0;ON;;;9;9;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE;;;;
+2793;DINGBAT NEGATIVE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN;No;0;ON;;;;10;N;INVERSE CIRCLED SANS-SERIF NUMBER TEN;;;;
+2794;HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY WIDE-HEADED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2798;HEAVY SOUTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY LOWER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2799;HEAVY RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279A;HEAVY NORTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY UPPER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279B;DRAFTING POINT RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DRAFTING POINT RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279C;HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY ROUND-TIPPED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279D;TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279E;HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+279F;DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A0;HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY DASHED TRIANGLE-HEADED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A1;BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A2;THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;THREE-D TOP-LIGHTED RIGHT ARROWHEAD;;;;
+27A3;THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;THREE-D BOTTOM-LIGHTED RIGHT ARROWHEAD;;;;
+27A4;BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROWHEAD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK RIGHT ARROWHEAD;;;;
+27A5;HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWNWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY BLACK CURVED DOWN AND RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A6;HEAVY BLACK CURVED UPWARDS AND RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY BLACK CURVED UP AND RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A7;SQUAT BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;SQUAT BLACK RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A8;HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY CONCAVE-POINTED BLACK RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27A9;RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;RIGHT-SHADED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AA;LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;LEFT-SHADED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AB;BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BACK-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AC;FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;FRONT-TILTED SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AD;HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AE;HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27AF;NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;NOTCHED LOWER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B1;NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;NOTCHED UPPER RIGHT-SHADOWED WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B2;CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;CIRCLED HEAVY WHITE RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B3;WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WHITE-FEATHERED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B4;BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK-FEATHERED LOWER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B5;BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B6;BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;BLACK-FEATHERED UPPER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B7;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED SOUTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED LOWER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B8;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27B9;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED NORTH EAST ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY BLACK-FEATHERED UPPER RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27BA;TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;TEARDROP-BARBED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27BB;HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY TEARDROP-SHANKED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27BC;WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;WEDGE-TAILED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27BD;HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;HEAVY WEDGE-TAILED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+27BE;OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHTWARDS ARROW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;OPEN-OUTLINED RIGHT ARROW;;;;
+2800;BRAILLE PATTERN BLANK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2801;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2802;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-2;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2803;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-12;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2804;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-3;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2805;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-13;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2806;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-23;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2807;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-123;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2808;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-4;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2809;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-14;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280A;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-24;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280B;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-124;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280C;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-34;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280D;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-134;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280E;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-234;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+280F;BRAILLE PATTERN DOTS-1234;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+2EB7;CJK RADICAL RAM;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EB8;CJK RADICAL EWE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EB9;CJK RADICAL OLD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBA;CJK RADICAL BRUSH ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBB;CJK RADICAL BRUSH TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBC;CJK RADICAL MEAT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBD;CJK RADICAL MORTAR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBE;CJK RADICAL GRASS ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EBF;CJK RADICAL GRASS TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC0;CJK RADICAL GRASS THREE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC1;CJK RADICAL TIGER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC2;CJK RADICAL CLOTHES;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC3;CJK RADICAL WEST ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC4;CJK RADICAL WEST TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC5;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SEE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC6;CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED HORN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC7;CJK RADICAL HORN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC8;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SPEECH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EC9;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SHELL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECA;CJK RADICAL FOOT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECB;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED CART;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECC;CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WALK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECD;CJK RADICAL WALK ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECE;CJK RADICAL WALK TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ECF;CJK RADICAL CITY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED0;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GOLD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED1;CJK RADICAL LONG ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED2;CJK RADICAL LONG TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED3;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LONG;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED4;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED GATE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED5;CJK RADICAL MOUND ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED6;CJK RADICAL MOUND TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED7;CJK RADICAL RAIN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED8;CJK RADICAL BLUE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2ED9;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TANNED LEATHER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDA;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED LEAF;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDB;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED WIND;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDC;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FLY;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDD;CJK RADICAL EAT ONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDE;CJK RADICAL EAT TWO;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EDF;CJK RADICAL EAT THREE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE0;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EAT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE1;CJK RADICAL HEAD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE2;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED HORSE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE3;CJK RADICAL BONE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE4;CJK RADICAL GHOST;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE5;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FISH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE6;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED BIRD;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE7;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED SALT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE8;CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED WHEAT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EE9;CJK RADICAL SIMPLIFIED YELLOW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EEA;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED FROG;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EEB;CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED EVEN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EEC;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED EVEN;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EED;CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EEE;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TOOTH;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EEF;CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EF0;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED DRAGON;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EF1;CJK RADICAL TURTLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EF2;CJK RADICAL J-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2EF3;CJK RADICAL C-SIMPLIFIED TURTLE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F9F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F00;KANGXI RADICAL ONE;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E00;;;;N;;;;;
+2F01;KANGXI RADICAL LINE;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E28;;;;N;;;;;
+2F02;KANGXI RADICAL DOT;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E36;;;;N;;;;;
+2F03;KANGXI RADICAL SLASH;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E3F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F04;KANGXI RADICAL SECOND;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E59;;;;N;;;;;
+2F05;KANGXI RADICAL HOOK;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E85;;;;N;;;;;
+2F06;KANGXI RADICAL TWO;So;0;ON;<compat> 4E8C;;;;N;;;;;
+2F07;KANGXI RADICAL LID;So;0;ON;<compat> 4EA0;;;;N;;;;;
+2F08;KANGXI RADICAL MAN;So;0;ON;<compat> 4EBA;;;;N;;;;;
+2F09;KANGXI RADICAL LEGS;So;0;ON;<compat> 513F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0A;KANGXI RADICAL ENTER;So;0;ON;<compat> 5165;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0B;KANGXI RADICAL EIGHT;So;0;ON;<compat> 516B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0C;KANGXI RADICAL DOWN BOX;So;0;ON;<compat> 5182;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0D;KANGXI RADICAL COVER;So;0;ON;<compat> 5196;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0E;KANGXI RADICAL ICE;So;0;ON;<compat> 51AB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F0F;KANGXI RADICAL TABLE;So;0;ON;<compat> 51E0;;;;N;;;;;
+2F10;KANGXI RADICAL OPEN BOX;So;0;ON;<compat> 51F5;;;;N;;;;;
+2F11;KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE;So;0;ON;<compat> 5200;;;;N;;;;;
+2F12;KANGXI RADICAL POWER;So;0;ON;<compat> 529B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F13;KANGXI RADICAL WRAP;So;0;ON;<compat> 52F9;;;;N;;;;;
+2F14;KANGXI RADICAL SPOON;So;0;ON;<compat> 5315;;;;N;;;;;
+2F15;KANGXI RADICAL RIGHT OPEN BOX;So;0;ON;<compat> 531A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F16;KANGXI RADICAL HIDING ENCLOSURE;So;0;ON;<compat> 5338;;;;N;;;;;
+2F17;KANGXI RADICAL TEN;So;0;ON;<compat> 5341;;;;N;;;;;
+2F18;KANGXI RADICAL DIVINATION;So;0;ON;<compat> 535C;;;;N;;;;;
+2F19;KANGXI RADICAL SEAL;So;0;ON;<compat> 5369;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1A;KANGXI RADICAL CLIFF;So;0;ON;<compat> 5382;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1B;KANGXI RADICAL PRIVATE;So;0;ON;<compat> 53B6;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1C;KANGXI RADICAL AGAIN;So;0;ON;<compat> 53C8;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1D;KANGXI RADICAL MOUTH;So;0;ON;<compat> 53E3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1E;KANGXI RADICAL ENCLOSURE;So;0;ON;<compat> 56D7;;;;N;;;;;
+2F1F;KANGXI RADICAL EARTH;So;0;ON;<compat> 571F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F20;KANGXI RADICAL SCHOLAR;So;0;ON;<compat> 58EB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F21;KANGXI RADICAL GO;So;0;ON;<compat> 5902;;;;N;;;;;
+2F22;KANGXI RADICAL GO SLOWLY;So;0;ON;<compat> 590A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F23;KANGXI RADICAL EVENING;So;0;ON;<compat> 5915;;;;N;;;;;
+2F24;KANGXI RADICAL BIG;So;0;ON;<compat> 5927;;;;N;;;;;
+2F25;KANGXI RADICAL WOMAN;So;0;ON;<compat> 5973;;;;N;;;;;
+2F26;KANGXI RADICAL CHILD;So;0;ON;<compat> 5B50;;;;N;;;;;
+2F27;KANGXI RADICAL ROOF;So;0;ON;<compat> 5B80;;;;N;;;;;
+2F28;KANGXI RADICAL INCH;So;0;ON;<compat> 5BF8;;;;N;;;;;
+2F29;KANGXI RADICAL SMALL;So;0;ON;<compat> 5C0F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2A;KANGXI RADICAL LAME;So;0;ON;<compat> 5C22;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2B;KANGXI RADICAL CORPSE;So;0;ON;<compat> 5C38;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2C;KANGXI RADICAL SPROUT;So;0;ON;<compat> 5C6E;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2D;KANGXI RADICAL MOUNTAIN;So;0;ON;<compat> 5C71;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2E;KANGXI RADICAL RIVER;So;0;ON;<compat> 5DDB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F2F;KANGXI RADICAL WORK;So;0;ON;<compat> 5DE5;;;;N;;;;;
+2F30;KANGXI RADICAL ONESELF;So;0;ON;<compat> 5DF1;;;;N;;;;;
+2F31;KANGXI RADICAL TURBAN;So;0;ON;<compat> 5DFE;;;;N;;;;;
+2F32;KANGXI RADICAL DRY;So;0;ON;<compat> 5E72;;;;N;;;;;
+2F33;KANGXI RADICAL SHORT THREAD;So;0;ON;<compat> 5E7A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F34;KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED CLIFF;So;0;ON;<compat> 5E7F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F35;KANGXI RADICAL LONG STRIDE;So;0;ON;<compat> 5EF4;;;;N;;;;;
+2F36;KANGXI RADICAL TWO HANDS;So;0;ON;<compat> 5EFE;;;;N;;;;;
+2F37;KANGXI RADICAL SHOOT;So;0;ON;<compat> 5F0B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F38;KANGXI RADICAL BOW;So;0;ON;<compat> 5F13;;;;N;;;;;
+2F39;KANGXI RADICAL SNOUT;So;0;ON;<compat> 5F50;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3A;KANGXI RADICAL BRISTLE;So;0;ON;<compat> 5F61;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3B;KANGXI RADICAL STEP;So;0;ON;<compat> 5F73;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3C;KANGXI RADICAL HEART;So;0;ON;<compat> 5FC3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3D;KANGXI RADICAL HALBERD;So;0;ON;<compat> 6208;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3E;KANGXI RADICAL DOOR;So;0;ON;<compat> 6236;;;;N;;;;;
+2F3F;KANGXI RADICAL HAND;So;0;ON;<compat> 624B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F40;KANGXI RADICAL BRANCH;So;0;ON;<compat> 652F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F41;KANGXI RADICAL RAP;So;0;ON;<compat> 6534;;;;N;;;;;
+2F42;KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT;So;0;ON;<compat> 6587;;;;N;;;;;
+2F43;KANGXI RADICAL DIPPER;So;0;ON;<compat> 6597;;;;N;;;;;
+2F44;KANGXI RADICAL AXE;So;0;ON;<compat> 65A4;;;;N;;;;;
+2F45;KANGXI RADICAL SQUARE;So;0;ON;<compat> 65B9;;;;N;;;;;
+2F46;KANGXI RADICAL NOT;So;0;ON;<compat> 65E0;;;;N;;;;;
+2F47;KANGXI RADICAL SUN;So;0;ON;<compat> 65E5;;;;N;;;;;
+2F48;KANGXI RADICAL SAY;So;0;ON;<compat> 66F0;;;;N;;;;;
+2F49;KANGXI RADICAL MOON;So;0;ON;<compat> 6708;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4A;KANGXI RADICAL TREE;So;0;ON;<compat> 6728;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4B;KANGXI RADICAL LACK;So;0;ON;<compat> 6B20;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4C;KANGXI RADICAL STOP;So;0;ON;<compat> 6B62;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4D;KANGXI RADICAL DEATH;So;0;ON;<compat> 6B79;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4E;KANGXI RADICAL WEAPON;So;0;ON;<compat> 6BB3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F4F;KANGXI RADICAL DO NOT;So;0;ON;<compat> 6BCB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F50;KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE;So;0;ON;<compat> 6BD4;;;;N;;;;;
+2F51;KANGXI RADICAL FUR;So;0;ON;<compat> 6BDB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F52;KANGXI RADICAL CLAN;So;0;ON;<compat> 6C0F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F53;KANGXI RADICAL STEAM;So;0;ON;<compat> 6C14;;;;N;;;;;
+2F54;KANGXI RADICAL WATER;So;0;ON;<compat> 6C34;;;;N;;;;;
+2F55;KANGXI RADICAL FIRE;So;0;ON;<compat> 706B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F56;KANGXI RADICAL CLAW;So;0;ON;<compat> 722A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F57;KANGXI RADICAL FATHER;So;0;ON;<compat> 7236;;;;N;;;;;
+2F58;KANGXI RADICAL DOUBLE X;So;0;ON;<compat> 723B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F59;KANGXI RADICAL HALF TREE TRUNK;So;0;ON;<compat> 723F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5A;KANGXI RADICAL SLICE;So;0;ON;<compat> 7247;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5B;KANGXI RADICAL FANG;So;0;ON;<compat> 7259;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5C;KANGXI RADICAL COW;So;0;ON;<compat> 725B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5D;KANGXI RADICAL DOG;So;0;ON;<compat> 72AC;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5E;KANGXI RADICAL PROFOUND;So;0;ON;<compat> 7384;;;;N;;;;;
+2F5F;KANGXI RADICAL JADE;So;0;ON;<compat> 7389;;;;N;;;;;
+2F60;KANGXI RADICAL MELON;So;0;ON;<compat> 74DC;;;;N;;;;;
+2F61;KANGXI RADICAL TILE;So;0;ON;<compat> 74E6;;;;N;;;;;
+2F62;KANGXI RADICAL SWEET;So;0;ON;<compat> 7518;;;;N;;;;;
+2F63;KANGXI RADICAL LIFE;So;0;ON;<compat> 751F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F64;KANGXI RADICAL USE;So;0;ON;<compat> 7528;;;;N;;;;;
+2F65;KANGXI RADICAL FIELD;So;0;ON;<compat> 7530;;;;N;;;;;
+2F66;KANGXI RADICAL BOLT OF CLOTH;So;0;ON;<compat> 758B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F67;KANGXI RADICAL SICKNESS;So;0;ON;<compat> 7592;;;;N;;;;;
+2F68;KANGXI RADICAL DOTTED TENT;So;0;ON;<compat> 7676;;;;N;;;;;
+2F69;KANGXI RADICAL WHITE;So;0;ON;<compat> 767D;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6A;KANGXI RADICAL SKIN;So;0;ON;<compat> 76AE;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6B;KANGXI RADICAL DISH;So;0;ON;<compat> 76BF;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6C;KANGXI RADICAL EYE;So;0;ON;<compat> 76EE;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6D;KANGXI RADICAL SPEAR;So;0;ON;<compat> 77DB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6E;KANGXI RADICAL ARROW;So;0;ON;<compat> 77E2;;;;N;;;;;
+2F6F;KANGXI RADICAL STONE;So;0;ON;<compat> 77F3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F70;KANGXI RADICAL SPIRIT;So;0;ON;<compat> 793A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F71;KANGXI RADICAL TRACK;So;0;ON;<compat> 79B8;;;;N;;;;;
+2F72;KANGXI RADICAL GRAIN;So;0;ON;<compat> 79BE;;;;N;;;;;
+2F73;KANGXI RADICAL CAVE;So;0;ON;<compat> 7A74;;;;N;;;;;
+2F74;KANGXI RADICAL STAND;So;0;ON;<compat> 7ACB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F75;KANGXI RADICAL BAMBOO;So;0;ON;<compat> 7AF9;;;;N;;;;;
+2F76;KANGXI RADICAL RICE;So;0;ON;<compat> 7C73;;;;N;;;;;
+2F77;KANGXI RADICAL SILK;So;0;ON;<compat> 7CF8;;;;N;;;;;
+2F78;KANGXI RADICAL JAR;So;0;ON;<compat> 7F36;;;;N;;;;;
+2F79;KANGXI RADICAL NET;So;0;ON;<compat> 7F51;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7A;KANGXI RADICAL SHEEP;So;0;ON;<compat> 7F8A;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7B;KANGXI RADICAL FEATHER;So;0;ON;<compat> 7FBD;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7C;KANGXI RADICAL OLD;So;0;ON;<compat> 8001;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7D;KANGXI RADICAL AND;So;0;ON;<compat> 800C;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7E;KANGXI RADICAL PLOW;So;0;ON;<compat> 8012;;;;N;;;;;
+2F7F;KANGXI RADICAL EAR;So;0;ON;<compat> 8033;;;;N;;;;;
+2F80;KANGXI RADICAL BRUSH;So;0;ON;<compat> 807F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F81;KANGXI RADICAL MEAT;So;0;ON;<compat> 8089;;;;N;;;;;
+2F82;KANGXI RADICAL MINISTER;So;0;ON;<compat> 81E3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F83;KANGXI RADICAL SELF;So;0;ON;<compat> 81EA;;;;N;;;;;
+2F84;KANGXI RADICAL ARRIVE;So;0;ON;<compat> 81F3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F85;KANGXI RADICAL MORTAR;So;0;ON;<compat> 81FC;;;;N;;;;;
+2F86;KANGXI RADICAL TONGUE;So;0;ON;<compat> 820C;;;;N;;;;;
+2F87;KANGXI RADICAL OPPOSE;So;0;ON;<compat> 821B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F88;KANGXI RADICAL BOAT;So;0;ON;<compat> 821F;;;;N;;;;;
+2F89;KANGXI RADICAL STOPPING;So;0;ON;<compat> 826E;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8A;KANGXI RADICAL COLOR;So;0;ON;<compat> 8272;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8B;KANGXI RADICAL GRASS;So;0;ON;<compat> 8278;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8C;KANGXI RADICAL TIGER;So;0;ON;<compat> 864D;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8D;KANGXI RADICAL INSECT;So;0;ON;<compat> 866B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8E;KANGXI RADICAL BLOOD;So;0;ON;<compat> 8840;;;;N;;;;;
+2F8F;KANGXI RADICAL WALK ENCLOSURE;So;0;ON;<compat> 884C;;;;N;;;;;
+2F90;KANGXI RADICAL CLOTHES;So;0;ON;<compat> 8863;;;;N;;;;;
+2F91;KANGXI RADICAL WEST;So;0;ON;<compat> 897E;;;;N;;;;;
+2F92;KANGXI RADICAL SEE;So;0;ON;<compat> 898B;;;;N;;;;;
+2F93;KANGXI RADICAL HORN;So;0;ON;<compat> 89D2;;;;N;;;;;
+2F94;KANGXI RADICAL SPEECH;So;0;ON;<compat> 8A00;;;;N;;;;;
+2F95;KANGXI RADICAL VALLEY;So;0;ON;<compat> 8C37;;;;N;;;;;
+2F96;KANGXI RADICAL BEAN;So;0;ON;<compat> 8C46;;;;N;;;;;
+2F97;KANGXI RADICAL PIG;So;0;ON;<compat> 8C55;;;;N;;;;;
+2F98;KANGXI RADICAL BADGER;So;0;ON;<compat> 8C78;;;;N;;;;;
+2F99;KANGXI RADICAL SHELL;So;0;ON;<compat> 8C9D;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9A;KANGXI RADICAL RED;So;0;ON;<compat> 8D64;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9B;KANGXI RADICAL RUN;So;0;ON;<compat> 8D70;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9C;KANGXI RADICAL FOOT;So;0;ON;<compat> 8DB3;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9D;KANGXI RADICAL BODY;So;0;ON;<compat> 8EAB;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9E;KANGXI RADICAL CART;So;0;ON;<compat> 8ECA;;;;N;;;;;
+2F9F;KANGXI RADICAL BITTER;So;0;ON;<compat> 8F9B;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA0;KANGXI RADICAL MORNING;So;0;ON;<compat> 8FB0;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA1;KANGXI RADICAL WALK;So;0;ON;<compat> 8FB5;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA2;KANGXI RADICAL CITY;So;0;ON;<compat> 9091;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA3;KANGXI RADICAL WINE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9149;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA4;KANGXI RADICAL DISTINGUISH;So;0;ON;<compat> 91C6;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA5;KANGXI RADICAL VILLAGE;So;0;ON;<compat> 91CC;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA6;KANGXI RADICAL GOLD;So;0;ON;<compat> 91D1;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA7;KANGXI RADICAL LONG;So;0;ON;<compat> 9577;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA8;KANGXI RADICAL GATE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9580;;;;N;;;;;
+2FA9;KANGXI RADICAL MOUND;So;0;ON;<compat> 961C;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAA;KANGXI RADICAL SLAVE;So;0;ON;<compat> 96B6;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAB;KANGXI RADICAL SHORT TAILED BIRD;So;0;ON;<compat> 96B9;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAC;KANGXI RADICAL RAIN;So;0;ON;<compat> 96E8;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAD;KANGXI RADICAL BLUE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9751;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAE;KANGXI RADICAL WRONG;So;0;ON;<compat> 975E;;;;N;;;;;
+2FAF;KANGXI RADICAL FACE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9762;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB0;KANGXI RADICAL LEATHER;So;0;ON;<compat> 9769;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB1;KANGXI RADICAL TANNED LEATHER;So;0;ON;<compat> 97CB;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB2;KANGXI RADICAL LEEK;So;0;ON;<compat> 97ED;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB3;KANGXI RADICAL SOUND;So;0;ON;<compat> 97F3;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB4;KANGXI RADICAL LEAF;So;0;ON;<compat> 9801;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB5;KANGXI RADICAL WIND;So;0;ON;<compat> 98A8;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB6;KANGXI RADICAL FLY;So;0;ON;<compat> 98DB;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB7;KANGXI RADICAL EAT;So;0;ON;<compat> 98DF;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB8;KANGXI RADICAL HEAD;So;0;ON;<compat> 9996;;;;N;;;;;
+2FB9;KANGXI RADICAL FRAGRANT;So;0;ON;<compat> 9999;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBA;KANGXI RADICAL HORSE;So;0;ON;<compat> 99AC;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBB;KANGXI RADICAL BONE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9AA8;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBC;KANGXI RADICAL TALL;So;0;ON;<compat> 9AD8;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBD;KANGXI RADICAL HAIR;So;0;ON;<compat> 9ADF;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBE;KANGXI RADICAL FIGHT;So;0;ON;<compat> 9B25;;;;N;;;;;
+2FBF;KANGXI RADICAL SACRIFICIAL WINE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9B2F;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC0;KANGXI RADICAL CAULDRON;So;0;ON;<compat> 9B32;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC1;KANGXI RADICAL GHOST;So;0;ON;<compat> 9B3C;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC2;KANGXI RADICAL FISH;So;0;ON;<compat> 9B5A;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC3;KANGXI RADICAL BIRD;So;0;ON;<compat> 9CE5;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC4;KANGXI RADICAL SALT;So;0;ON;<compat> 9E75;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC5;KANGXI RADICAL DEER;So;0;ON;<compat> 9E7F;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC6;KANGXI RADICAL WHEAT;So;0;ON;<compat> 9EA5;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC7;KANGXI RADICAL HEMP;So;0;ON;<compat> 9EBB;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC8;KANGXI RADICAL YELLOW;So;0;ON;<compat> 9EC3;;;;N;;;;;
+2FC9;KANGXI RADICAL MILLET;So;0;ON;<compat> 9ECD;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCA;KANGXI RADICAL BLACK;So;0;ON;<compat> 9ED1;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCB;KANGXI RADICAL EMBROIDERY;So;0;ON;<compat> 9EF9;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCC;KANGXI RADICAL FROG;So;0;ON;<compat> 9EFD;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCD;KANGXI RADICAL TRIPOD;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F0E;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCE;KANGXI RADICAL DRUM;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F13;;;;N;;;;;
+2FCF;KANGXI RADICAL RAT;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F20;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD0;KANGXI RADICAL NOSE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F3B;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD1;KANGXI RADICAL EVEN;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F4A;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD2;KANGXI RADICAL TOOTH;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F52;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD3;KANGXI RADICAL DRAGON;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F8D;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD4;KANGXI RADICAL TURTLE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9F9C;;;;N;;;;;
+2FD5;KANGXI RADICAL FLUTE;So;0;ON;<compat> 9FA0;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF0;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF1;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO BELOW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF2;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER LEFT TO MIDDLE AND RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF3;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER ABOVE TO MIDDLE AND BELOW;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF4;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER FULL SURROUND;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+2FF5;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM ABOVE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+2FF9;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER SURROUND FROM UPPER RIGHT;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+2FFB;IDEOGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION CHARACTER OVERLAID;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3000;IDEOGRAPHIC SPACE;Zs;0;WS;<wide> 0020;;;;N;;;;;
+3001;IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3002;IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;IDEOGRAPHIC PERIOD;;;;
+3003;DITTO MARK;Po;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3004;JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3005;IDEOGRAPHIC ITERATION MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+300C;LEFT CORNER BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING CORNER BRACKET;;;;
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+3010;LEFT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+3011;RIGHT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+3012;POSTAL MARK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3013;GETA MARK;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3014;LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+3015;RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+3016;LEFT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+3017;RIGHT WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING WHITE LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+3018;LEFT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+3019;RIGHT WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING WHITE TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+301A;LEFT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;;;;;Y;OPENING WHITE SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+301B;RIGHT WHITE SQUARE BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;;;;;Y;CLOSING WHITE SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+301C;WAVE DASH;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+301D;REVERSED DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+301E;DOUBLE PRIME QUOTATION MARK;Pe;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
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+3020;POSTAL MARK FACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3021;HANGZHOU NUMERAL ONE;Nl;0;L;;;;1;N;;;;;
+3022;HANGZHOU NUMERAL TWO;Nl;0;L;;;;2;N;;;;;
+3023;HANGZHOU NUMERAL THREE;Nl;0;L;;;;3;N;;;;;
+3024;HANGZHOU NUMERAL FOUR;Nl;0;L;;;;4;N;;;;;
+3025;HANGZHOU NUMERAL FIVE;Nl;0;L;;;;5;N;;;;;
+3026;HANGZHOU NUMERAL SIX;Nl;0;L;;;;6;N;;;;;
+3027;HANGZHOU NUMERAL SEVEN;Nl;0;L;;;;7;N;;;;;
+3028;HANGZHOU NUMERAL EIGHT;Nl;0;L;;;;8;N;;;;;
+3029;HANGZHOU NUMERAL NINE;Nl;0;L;;;;9;N;;;;;
+302A;IDEOGRAPHIC LEVEL TONE MARK;Mn;218;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+302B;IDEOGRAPHIC RISING TONE MARK;Mn;228;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+302C;IDEOGRAPHIC DEPARTING TONE MARK;Mn;232;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+302D;IDEOGRAPHIC ENTERING TONE MARK;Mn;222;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+302E;HANGUL SINGLE DOT TONE MARK;Mn;224;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+302F;HANGUL DOUBLE DOT TONE MARK;Mn;224;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+3030;WAVY DASH;Pd;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3031;VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3032;VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3033;VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK UPPER HALF;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3034;VERTICAL KANA REPEAT WITH VOICED SOUND MARK UPPER HALF;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3035;VERTICAL KANA REPEAT MARK LOWER HALF;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3036;CIRCLED POSTAL MARK;So;0;ON;<compat> 3012;;;;N;;;;;
+3037;IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH LINE FEED SEPARATOR SYMBOL;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3038;HANGZHOU NUMERAL TEN;Nl;0;L;<compat> 5341;;;10;N;;;;;
+3039;HANGZHOU NUMERAL TWENTY;Nl;0;L;<compat> 5344;;;20;N;;;;;
+303A;HANGZHOU NUMERAL THIRTY;Nl;0;L;<compat> 5345;;;30;N;;;;;
+303E;IDEOGRAPHIC VARIATION INDICATOR;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+303F;IDEOGRAPHIC HALF FILL SPACE;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+3041;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3042;HIRAGANA LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3043;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3044;HIRAGANA LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+3046;HIRAGANA LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3047;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3048;HIRAGANA LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3049;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+304A;HIRAGANA LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+304B;HIRAGANA LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+304C;HIRAGANA LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;304B 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+304D;HIRAGANA LETTER KI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+304E;HIRAGANA LETTER GI;Lo;0;L;304D 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+304F;HIRAGANA LETTER KU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3050;HIRAGANA LETTER GU;Lo;0;L;304F 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3051;HIRAGANA LETTER KE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3052;HIRAGANA LETTER GE;Lo;0;L;3051 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3053;HIRAGANA LETTER KO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3054;HIRAGANA LETTER GO;Lo;0;L;3053 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3055;HIRAGANA LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3056;HIRAGANA LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;3055 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3057;HIRAGANA LETTER SI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3058;HIRAGANA LETTER ZI;Lo;0;L;3057 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3059;HIRAGANA LETTER SU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+305A;HIRAGANA LETTER ZU;Lo;0;L;3059 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+305B;HIRAGANA LETTER SE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+305C;HIRAGANA LETTER ZE;Lo;0;L;305B 3099;;;;N;;;;;
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+305E;HIRAGANA LETTER ZO;Lo;0;L;305D 3099;;;;N;;;;;
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+3060;HIRAGANA LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;305F 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3061;HIRAGANA LETTER TI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3062;HIRAGANA LETTER DI;Lo;0;L;3061 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3063;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL TU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3064;HIRAGANA LETTER TU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+3067;HIRAGANA LETTER DE;Lo;0;L;3066 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3068;HIRAGANA LETTER TO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3069;HIRAGANA LETTER DO;Lo;0;L;3068 3099;;;;N;;;;;
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+306B;HIRAGANA LETTER NI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+306E;HIRAGANA LETTER NO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+306F;HIRAGANA LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3070;HIRAGANA LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;306F 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3071;HIRAGANA LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;306F 309A;;;;N;;;;;
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+3073;HIRAGANA LETTER BI;Lo;0;L;3072 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3074;HIRAGANA LETTER PI;Lo;0;L;3072 309A;;;;N;;;;;
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+3076;HIRAGANA LETTER BU;Lo;0;L;3075 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3077;HIRAGANA LETTER PU;Lo;0;L;3075 309A;;;;N;;;;;
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+3079;HIRAGANA LETTER BE;Lo;0;L;3078 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+307A;HIRAGANA LETTER PE;Lo;0;L;3078 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+307B;HIRAGANA LETTER HO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+307C;HIRAGANA LETTER BO;Lo;0;L;307B 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+307D;HIRAGANA LETTER PO;Lo;0;L;307B 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+307E;HIRAGANA LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+307F;HIRAGANA LETTER MI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3080;HIRAGANA LETTER MU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3081;HIRAGANA LETTER ME;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3082;HIRAGANA LETTER MO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3083;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3084;HIRAGANA LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3085;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3086;HIRAGANA LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3087;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3088;HIRAGANA LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3089;HIRAGANA LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308A;HIRAGANA LETTER RI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308B;HIRAGANA LETTER RU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308C;HIRAGANA LETTER RE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308D;HIRAGANA LETTER RO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308E;HIRAGANA LETTER SMALL WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+308F;HIRAGANA LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3090;HIRAGANA LETTER WI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3091;HIRAGANA LETTER WE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3092;HIRAGANA LETTER WO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3093;HIRAGANA LETTER N;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3094;HIRAGANA LETTER VU;Lo;0;L;3046 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3099;COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK;Mn;8;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK;;;;
+309A;COMBINING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK;Mn;8;NSM;;;;;N;NON-SPACING KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK;;;;
+309B;KATAKANA-HIRAGANA VOICED SOUND MARK;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+309C;KATAKANA-HIRAGANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK;Sk;0;ON;<compat> 0020 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+309D;HIRAGANA ITERATION MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+309E;HIRAGANA VOICED ITERATION MARK;Lm;0;L;309D 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30A1;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A2;KATAKANA LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A3;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A4;KATAKANA LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A5;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A6;KATAKANA LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A7;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A8;KATAKANA LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30A9;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30AA;KATAKANA LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30AB;KATAKANA LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30AC;KATAKANA LETTER GA;Lo;0;L;30AB 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30AD;KATAKANA LETTER KI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30AE;KATAKANA LETTER GI;Lo;0;L;30AD 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30AF;KATAKANA LETTER KU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30B0;KATAKANA LETTER GU;Lo;0;L;30AF 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30B1;KATAKANA LETTER KE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30B2;KATAKANA LETTER GE;Lo;0;L;30B1 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30B3;KATAKANA LETTER KO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30B4;KATAKANA LETTER GO;Lo;0;L;30B3 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30B5;KATAKANA LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30B6;KATAKANA LETTER ZA;Lo;0;L;30B5 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30B7;KATAKANA LETTER SI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30B8;KATAKANA LETTER ZI;Lo;0;L;30B7 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30B9;KATAKANA LETTER SU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30BA;KATAKANA LETTER ZU;Lo;0;L;30B9 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30BB;KATAKANA LETTER SE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30BC;KATAKANA LETTER ZE;Lo;0;L;30BB 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30BD;KATAKANA LETTER SO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30BE;KATAKANA LETTER ZO;Lo;0;L;30BD 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30BF;KATAKANA LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C0;KATAKANA LETTER DA;Lo;0;L;30BF 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30C1;KATAKANA LETTER TI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C2;KATAKANA LETTER DI;Lo;0;L;30C1 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30C3;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C4;KATAKANA LETTER TU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C5;KATAKANA LETTER DU;Lo;0;L;30C4 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30C6;KATAKANA LETTER TE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C7;KATAKANA LETTER DE;Lo;0;L;30C6 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30C8;KATAKANA LETTER TO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30C9;KATAKANA LETTER DO;Lo;0;L;30C8 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30CA;KATAKANA LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30CB;KATAKANA LETTER NI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30CC;KATAKANA LETTER NU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30CD;KATAKANA LETTER NE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30CE;KATAKANA LETTER NO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30CF;KATAKANA LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30D0;KATAKANA LETTER BA;Lo;0;L;30CF 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30D1;KATAKANA LETTER PA;Lo;0;L;30CF 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+30D2;KATAKANA LETTER HI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30D3;KATAKANA LETTER BI;Lo;0;L;30D2 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30D4;KATAKANA LETTER PI;Lo;0;L;30D2 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+30D5;KATAKANA LETTER HU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30D6;KATAKANA LETTER BU;Lo;0;L;30D5 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30D7;KATAKANA LETTER PU;Lo;0;L;30D5 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+30D8;KATAKANA LETTER HE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30D9;KATAKANA LETTER BE;Lo;0;L;30D8 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30DA;KATAKANA LETTER PE;Lo;0;L;30D8 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+30DB;KATAKANA LETTER HO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30DC;KATAKANA LETTER BO;Lo;0;L;30DB 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30DD;KATAKANA LETTER PO;Lo;0;L;30DB 309A;;;;N;;;;;
+30DE;KATAKANA LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30DF;KATAKANA LETTER MI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E0;KATAKANA LETTER MU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E1;KATAKANA LETTER ME;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E2;KATAKANA LETTER MO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E3;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E4;KATAKANA LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E5;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E6;KATAKANA LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E7;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E8;KATAKANA LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30E9;KATAKANA LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30EA;KATAKANA LETTER RI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30EB;KATAKANA LETTER RU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30EC;KATAKANA LETTER RE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30ED;KATAKANA LETTER RO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30EE;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30EF;KATAKANA LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F0;KATAKANA LETTER WI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F1;KATAKANA LETTER WE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F2;KATAKANA LETTER WO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F3;KATAKANA LETTER N;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F4;KATAKANA LETTER VU;Lo;0;L;30A6 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30F5;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F6;KATAKANA LETTER SMALL KE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30F7;KATAKANA LETTER VA;Lo;0;L;30EF 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30F8;KATAKANA LETTER VI;Lo;0;L;30F0 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30F9;KATAKANA LETTER VE;Lo;0;L;30F1 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30FA;KATAKANA LETTER VO;Lo;0;L;30F2 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+30FB;KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT;Pc;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+30FC;KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30FD;KATAKANA ITERATION MARK;Lm;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+30FE;KATAKANA VOICED ITERATION MARK;Lm;0;L;30FD 3099;;;;N;;;;;
+3105;BOPOMOFO LETTER B;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3106;BOPOMOFO LETTER P;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3107;BOPOMOFO LETTER M;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3108;BOPOMOFO LETTER F;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3109;BOPOMOFO LETTER D;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310A;BOPOMOFO LETTER T;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310B;BOPOMOFO LETTER N;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310C;BOPOMOFO LETTER L;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310D;BOPOMOFO LETTER G;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310E;BOPOMOFO LETTER K;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+310F;BOPOMOFO LETTER H;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3110;BOPOMOFO LETTER J;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3111;BOPOMOFO LETTER Q;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3112;BOPOMOFO LETTER X;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3113;BOPOMOFO LETTER ZH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3114;BOPOMOFO LETTER CH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3115;BOPOMOFO LETTER SH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3116;BOPOMOFO LETTER R;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3117;BOPOMOFO LETTER Z;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3118;BOPOMOFO LETTER C;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3119;BOPOMOFO LETTER S;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311A;BOPOMOFO LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311B;BOPOMOFO LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311C;BOPOMOFO LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311D;BOPOMOFO LETTER EH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311E;BOPOMOFO LETTER AI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+311F;BOPOMOFO LETTER EI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3120;BOPOMOFO LETTER AU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3121;BOPOMOFO LETTER OU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3122;BOPOMOFO LETTER AN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3123;BOPOMOFO LETTER EN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3124;BOPOMOFO LETTER ANG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3125;BOPOMOFO LETTER ENG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3126;BOPOMOFO LETTER ER;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3127;BOPOMOFO LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3128;BOPOMOFO LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3129;BOPOMOFO LETTER IU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+312A;BOPOMOFO LETTER V;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+312B;BOPOMOFO LETTER NG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+312C;BOPOMOFO LETTER GN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3131;HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1100;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER GIYEOG;;;;
+3132;HANGUL LETTER SSANGKIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1101;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG GIYEOG;;;;
+3133;HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11AA;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER GIYEOG SIOS;;;;
+3134;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1102;;;;N;;;;;
+3135;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11AC;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN JIEUJ;;;;
+3136;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11AD;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN HIEUH;;;;
+3137;HANGUL LETTER TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1103;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER DIGEUD;;;;
+3138;HANGUL LETTER SSANGTIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1104;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG DIGEUD;;;;
+3139;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1105;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL;;;;
+313A;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B0;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL GIYEOG;;;;
+313B;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-MIEUM;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B1;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL MIEUM;;;;
+313C;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B2;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL BIEUB;;;;
+313D;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B3;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL SIOS;;;;
+313E;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-THIEUTH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B4;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL TIEUT;;;;
+313F;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PHIEUPH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11B5;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL PIEUP;;;;
+3140;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 111A;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL HIEUH;;;;
+3141;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1106;;;;N;;;;;
+3142;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1107;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB;;;;
+3143;HANGUL LETTER SSANGPIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1108;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG BIEUB;;;;
+3144;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1121;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB SIOS;;;;
+3145;HANGUL LETTER SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1109;;;;N;;;;;
+3146;HANGUL LETTER SSANGSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110A;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG SIOS;;;;
+3147;HANGUL LETTER IEUNG;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110B;;;;N;;;;;
+3148;HANGUL LETTER CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110C;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER JIEUJ;;;;
+3149;HANGUL LETTER SSANGCIEUC;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110D;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG JIEUJ;;;;
+314A;HANGUL LETTER CHIEUCH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110E;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER CIEUC;;;;
+314B;HANGUL LETTER KHIEUKH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 110F;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK;;;;
+314C;HANGUL LETTER THIEUTH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1110;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER TIEUT;;;;
+314D;HANGUL LETTER PHIEUPH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1111;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP;;;;
+314E;HANGUL LETTER HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1112;;;;N;;;;;
+314F;HANGUL LETTER A;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1161;;;;N;;;;;
+3150;HANGUL LETTER AE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1162;;;;N;;;;;
+3151;HANGUL LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1163;;;;N;;;;;
+3152;HANGUL LETTER YAE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1164;;;;N;;;;;
+3153;HANGUL LETTER EO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1165;;;;N;;;;;
+3154;HANGUL LETTER E;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1166;;;;N;;;;;
+3155;HANGUL LETTER YEO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1167;;;;N;;;;;
+3156;HANGUL LETTER YE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1168;;;;N;;;;;
+3157;HANGUL LETTER O;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1169;;;;N;;;;;
+3158;HANGUL LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116A;;;;N;;;;;
+3159;HANGUL LETTER WAE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116B;;;;N;;;;;
+315A;HANGUL LETTER OE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116C;;;;N;;;;;
+315B;HANGUL LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116D;;;;N;;;;;
+315C;HANGUL LETTER U;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116E;;;;N;;;;;
+315D;HANGUL LETTER WEO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 116F;;;;N;;;;;
+315E;HANGUL LETTER WE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1170;;;;N;;;;;
+315F;HANGUL LETTER WI;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1171;;;;N;;;;;
+3160;HANGUL LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1172;;;;N;;;;;
+3161;HANGUL LETTER EU;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1173;;;;N;;;;;
+3162;HANGUL LETTER YI;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1174;;;;N;;;;;
+3163;HANGUL LETTER I;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1175;;;;N;;;;;
+3164;HANGUL FILLER;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1160;;;;N;HANGUL CAE OM;;;;
+3165;HANGUL LETTER SSANGNIEUN;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1114;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG NIEUN;;;;
+3166;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1115;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN DIGEUD;;;;
+3167;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11C7;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN SIOS;;;;
+3168;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-PANSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11C8;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NIEUN BAN CHI EUM;;;;
+3169;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-KIYEOK-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11CC;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL GIYEOG SIOS;;;;
+316A;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11CE;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL DIGEUD;;;;
+316B;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PIEUP-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11D3;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL BIEUB SIOS;;;;
+316C;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PANSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11D7;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL BAN CHI EUM;;;;
+316D;HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-YEORINHIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11D9;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER LIEUL YEOLIN HIEUH;;;;
+316E;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 111C;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM BIEUB;;;;
+316F;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11DD;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM SIOS;;;;
+3170;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM-PANSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11DF;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB BAN CHI EUM;;;;
+3171;HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNMIEUM;Lo;0;L;<compat> 111D;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER MIEUM SUN GYEONG EUM;;;;
+3172;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 111E;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB GIYEOG;;;;
+3173;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1120;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB DIGEUD;;;;
+3174;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS-KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1122;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB SIOS GIYEOG;;;;
+3175;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS-TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1123;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB SIOS DIGEUD;;;;
+3176;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1127;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB JIEUJ;;;;
+3177;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-THIEUTH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1129;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB TIEUT;;;;
+3178;HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNPIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 112B;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BIEUB SUN GYEONG EUM;;;;
+3179;HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNSSANGPIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 112C;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG BIEUB SUN GYEONG EUM;;;;
+317A;HANGUL LETTER SIOS-KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<compat> 112D;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SIOS GIYEOG;;;;
+317B;HANGUL LETTER SIOS-NIEUN;Lo;0;L;<compat> 112E;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SIOS NIEUN;;;;
+317C;HANGUL LETTER SIOS-TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<compat> 112F;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SIOS DIGEUD;;;;
+317D;HANGUL LETTER SIOS-PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1132;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SIOS BIEUB;;;;
+317E;HANGUL LETTER SIOS-CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1136;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SIOS JIEUJ;;;;
+317F;HANGUL LETTER PANSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1140;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER BAN CHI EUM;;;;
+3180;HANGUL LETTER SSANGIEUNG;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1147;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG IEUNG;;;;
+3181;HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG;Lo;0;L;<compat> 114C;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NGIEUNG;;;;
+3182;HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11F1;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NGIEUNG SIOS;;;;
+3183;HANGUL LETTER YESIEUNG-PANSIOS;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11F2;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER NGIEUNG BAN CHI EUM;;;;
+3184;HANGUL LETTER KAPYEOUNPHIEUPH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1157;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER PIEUP SUN GYEONG EUM;;;;
+3185;HANGUL LETTER SSANGHIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1158;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER SSANG HIEUH;;;;
+3186;HANGUL LETTER YEORINHIEUH;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1159;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YEOLIN HIEUH;;;;
+3187;HANGUL LETTER YO-YA;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1184;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YOYA;;;;
+3188;HANGUL LETTER YO-YAE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1185;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YOYAE;;;;
+3189;HANGUL LETTER YO-I;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1188;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YOI;;;;
+318A;HANGUL LETTER YU-YEO;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1191;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YUYEO;;;;
+318B;HANGUL LETTER YU-YE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1192;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YUYE;;;;
+318C;HANGUL LETTER YU-I;Lo;0;L;<compat> 1194;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER YUI;;;;
+318D;HANGUL LETTER ARAEA;Lo;0;L;<compat> 119E;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER ALAE A;;;;
+318E;HANGUL LETTER ARAEAE;Lo;0;L;<compat> 11A1;;;;N;HANGUL LETTER ALAE AE;;;;
+3190;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION LINKING MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;KANBUN TATETEN;Kanbun Tateten;;;
+3191;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION REVERSE MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;KAERITEN RE;Kaeriten;;;
+3192;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION ONE MARK;No;0;L;<super> 4E00;;;1;N;KAERITEN ITI;Kaeriten;;;
+3193;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION TWO MARK;No;0;L;<super> 4E8C;;;2;N;KAERITEN NI;Kaeriten;;;
+3194;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION THREE MARK;No;0;L;<super> 4E09;;;3;N;KAERITEN SAN;Kaeriten;;;
+3195;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FOUR MARK;No;0;L;<super> 56DB;;;4;N;KAERITEN SI;Kaeriten;;;
+3196;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION TOP MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E0A;;;;N;KAERITEN ZYOU;Kaeriten;;;
+3197;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION MIDDLE MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E2D;;;;N;KAERITEN TYUU;Kaeriten;;;
+3198;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION BOTTOM MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E0B;;;;N;KAERITEN GE;Kaeriten;;;
+3199;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FIRST MARK;So;0;L;<super> 7532;;;;N;KAERITEN KOU;Kaeriten;;;
+319A;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION SECOND MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E59;;;;N;KAERITEN OTU;Kaeriten;;;
+319B;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION THIRD MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E19;;;;N;KAERITEN HEI;Kaeriten;;;
+319C;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION FOURTH MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4E01;;;;N;KAERITEN TEI;Kaeriten;;;
+319D;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION HEAVEN MARK;So;0;L;<super> 5929;;;;N;KAERITEN TEN;Kaeriten;;;
+319E;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION EARTH MARK;So;0;L;<super> 5730;;;;N;KAERITEN TI;Kaeriten;;;
+319F;IDEOGRAPHIC ANNOTATION MAN MARK;So;0;L;<super> 4EBA;;;;N;KAERITEN ZIN;Kaeriten;;;
+31A0;BOPOMOFO LETTER BU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A1;BOPOMOFO LETTER ZI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A2;BOPOMOFO LETTER JI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A3;BOPOMOFO LETTER GU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A4;BOPOMOFO LETTER EE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A5;BOPOMOFO LETTER ENN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A6;BOPOMOFO LETTER OO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A7;BOPOMOFO LETTER ONN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A8;BOPOMOFO LETTER IR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31A9;BOPOMOFO LETTER ANN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AA;BOPOMOFO LETTER INN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AB;BOPOMOFO LETTER UNN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AC;BOPOMOFO LETTER IM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AD;BOPOMOFO LETTER NGG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AE;BOPOMOFO LETTER AINN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31AF;BOPOMOFO LETTER AUNN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B0;BOPOMOFO LETTER AM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B1;BOPOMOFO LETTER OM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B2;BOPOMOFO LETTER ONG;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B3;BOPOMOFO LETTER INNN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B4;BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER P;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B5;BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER T;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B6;BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER K;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+31B7;BOPOMOFO FINAL LETTER H;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+3200;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1100 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL GIYEOG;;;;
+3201;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL NIEUN;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1102 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3202;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TIKEUT;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1103 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL DIGEUD;;;;
+3203;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1105 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL LIEUL;;;;
+3204;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL MIEUM;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1106 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3205;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PIEUP;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1107 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL BIEUB;;;;
+3206;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1109 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3207;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL IEUNG;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110B 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3208;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110C 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL JIEUJ;;;;
+3209;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CHIEUCH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110E 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC;;;;
+320A;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KHIEUKH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110F 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK;;;;
+320B;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL THIEUTH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1110 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TIEUT;;;;
+320C;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PHIEUPH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1111 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PIEUP;;;;
+320D;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL HIEUH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1112 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+320E;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KIYEOK A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1100 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL GA;;;;
+320F;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL NIEUN A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1102 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL NA;;;;
+3210;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TIKEUT A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1103 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL DA;;;;
+3211;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL RIEUL A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1105 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL LA;;;;
+3212;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL MIEUM A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1106 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL MA;;;;
+3213;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PIEUP A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1107 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL BA;;;;
+3214;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SIOS A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1109 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL SA;;;;
+3215;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL IEUNG A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110B 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL A;;;;
+3216;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110C 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL JA;;;;
+3217;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CHIEUCH A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110E 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CA;;;;
+3218;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KHIEUKH A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110F 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL KA;;;;
+3219;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL THIEUTH A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1110 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL TA;;;;
+321A;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PHIEUPH A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1111 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL PA;;;;
+321B;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL HIEUH A;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 1112 1161 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL HA;;;;
+321C;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL CIEUC U;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 110C 116E 0029;;;;N;PARENTHESIZED HANGUL JU;;;;
+3220;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ONE;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E00 0029;;;1;N;;;;;
+3221;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TWO;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E8C 0029;;;2;N;;;;;
+3222;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH THREE;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E09 0029;;;3;N;;;;;
+3223;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FOUR;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 56DB 0029;;;4;N;;;;;
+3224;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIVE;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E94 0029;;;5;N;;;;;
+3225;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SIX;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 516D 0029;;;6;N;;;;;
+3226;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SEVEN;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E03 0029;;;7;N;;;;;
+3227;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EIGHT;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 516B 0029;;;8;N;;;;;
+3228;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH NINE;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 4E5D 0029;;;9;N;;;;;
+3229;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH TEN;No;0;L;<compat> 0028 5341 0029;;;10;N;;;;;
+322A;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH MOON;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 6708 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+322B;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FIRE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 706B 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+322C;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH WATER;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 6C34 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+322D;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH WOOD;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 6728 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+322E;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH METAL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 91D1 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+322F;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH EARTH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 571F 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3230;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUN;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 65E5 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3231;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH STOCK;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 682A 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3232;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH HAVE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 6709 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3233;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SOCIETY;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 793E 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3234;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH NAME;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 540D 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3235;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SPECIAL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 7279 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3236;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FINANCIAL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 8CA1 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3237;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CONGRATULATION;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 795D 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3238;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH LABOR;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 52B4 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3239;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REPRESENT;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 4EE3 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323A;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH CALL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 547C 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323B;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH STUDY;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 5B66 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323C;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SUPERVISE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 76E3 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323D;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ENTERPRISE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 4F01 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323E;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH RESOURCE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 8CC7 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+323F;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH ALLIANCE;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 5354 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3240;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH FESTIVAL;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 796D 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3241;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REST;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 4F11 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3242;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH SELF;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 81EA 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3243;PARENTHESIZED IDEOGRAPH REACH;So;0;L;<compat> 0028 81F3 0029;;;;N;;;;;
+3260;CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK;So;0;L;<circle> 1100;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL GIYEOG;;;;
+3261;CIRCLED HANGUL NIEUN;So;0;L;<circle> 1102;;;;N;;;;;
+3262;CIRCLED HANGUL TIKEUT;So;0;L;<circle> 1103;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL DIGEUD;;;;
+3263;CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL;So;0;L;<circle> 1105;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL LIEUL;;;;
+3264;CIRCLED HANGUL MIEUM;So;0;L;<circle> 1106;;;;N;;;;;
+3265;CIRCLED HANGUL PIEUP;So;0;L;<circle> 1107;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL BIEUB;;;;
+3266;CIRCLED HANGUL SIOS;So;0;L;<circle> 1109;;;;N;;;;;
+3267;CIRCLED HANGUL IEUNG;So;0;L;<circle> 110B;;;;N;;;;;
+3268;CIRCLED HANGUL CIEUC;So;0;L;<circle> 110C;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL JIEUJ;;;;
+3269;CIRCLED HANGUL CHIEUCH;So;0;L;<circle> 110E;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL CIEUC;;;;
+326A;CIRCLED HANGUL KHIEUKH;So;0;L;<circle> 110F;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK;;;;
+326B;CIRCLED HANGUL THIEUTH;So;0;L;<circle> 1110;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL TIEUT;;;;
+326C;CIRCLED HANGUL PHIEUPH;So;0;L;<circle> 1111;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL PIEUP;;;;
+326D;CIRCLED HANGUL HIEUH;So;0;L;<circle> 1112;;;;N;;;;;
+326E;CIRCLED HANGUL KIYEOK A;So;0;L;<circle> 1100 1161;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL GA;;;;
+326F;CIRCLED HANGUL NIEUN A;So;0;L;<circle> 1102 1161;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL NA;;;;
+3270;CIRCLED HANGUL TIKEUT A;So;0;L;<circle> 1103 1161;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL DA;;;;
+3271;CIRCLED HANGUL RIEUL A;So;0;L;<circle> 1105 1161;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL LA;;;;
+3272;CIRCLED HANGUL MIEUM A;So;0;L;<circle> 1106 1161;;;;N;CIRCLED HANGUL MA;;;;
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+32C0;IDEOGRAPHIC TELEGRAPH SYMBOL FOR JANUARY;So;0;L;<compat> 0031 6708;;;;N;;;;;
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+A05E;YI SYLLABLE BBAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A05F;YI SYLLABLE BBAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A060;YI SYLLABLE BBA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A061;YI SYLLABLE BBAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A062;YI SYLLABLE BBUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A063;YI SYLLABLE BBUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A064;YI SYLLABLE BBUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A065;YI SYLLABLE BBOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A066;YI SYLLABLE BBOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A067;YI SYLLABLE BBO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A068;YI SYLLABLE BBOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A069;YI SYLLABLE BBEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06A;YI SYLLABLE BBE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06B;YI SYLLABLE BBEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06C;YI SYLLABLE BBUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06D;YI SYLLABLE BBUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06E;YI SYLLABLE BBU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A06F;YI SYLLABLE BBUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A070;YI SYLLABLE BBURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A071;YI SYLLABLE BBUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A072;YI SYLLABLE BBYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A073;YI SYLLABLE BBYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A074;YI SYLLABLE BBY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A075;YI SYLLABLE BBYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A076;YI SYLLABLE NBIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A077;YI SYLLABLE NBIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A078;YI SYLLABLE NBI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A079;YI SYLLABLE NBIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07A;YI SYLLABLE NBIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07B;YI SYLLABLE NBIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07C;YI SYLLABLE NBIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07D;YI SYLLABLE NBAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07E;YI SYLLABLE NBAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A07F;YI SYLLABLE NBA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A080;YI SYLLABLE NBAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A081;YI SYLLABLE NBOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A082;YI SYLLABLE NBOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A083;YI SYLLABLE NBO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A084;YI SYLLABLE NBOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A085;YI SYLLABLE NBUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A086;YI SYLLABLE NBUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A087;YI SYLLABLE NBU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A088;YI SYLLABLE NBUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A089;YI SYLLABLE NBURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08A;YI SYLLABLE NBUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08B;YI SYLLABLE NBYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08C;YI SYLLABLE NBYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08D;YI SYLLABLE NBY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08E;YI SYLLABLE NBYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A08F;YI SYLLABLE NBYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A090;YI SYLLABLE NBYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A091;YI SYLLABLE HMIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A092;YI SYLLABLE HMIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A093;YI SYLLABLE HMI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A094;YI SYLLABLE HMIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A095;YI SYLLABLE HMIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A096;YI SYLLABLE HMIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A097;YI SYLLABLE HMIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A098;YI SYLLABLE HMAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A099;YI SYLLABLE HMAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09A;YI SYLLABLE HMA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09B;YI SYLLABLE HMAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09C;YI SYLLABLE HMUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09D;YI SYLLABLE HMUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09E;YI SYLLABLE HMUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A09F;YI SYLLABLE HMOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A0;YI SYLLABLE HMOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A1;YI SYLLABLE HMO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A2;YI SYLLABLE HMOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A3;YI SYLLABLE HMUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A4;YI SYLLABLE HMUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A5;YI SYLLABLE HMU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A6;YI SYLLABLE HMUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A7;YI SYLLABLE HMURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A8;YI SYLLABLE HMUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0A9;YI SYLLABLE HMYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AA;YI SYLLABLE HMY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AB;YI SYLLABLE HMYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AC;YI SYLLABLE HMYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AD;YI SYLLABLE HMYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AE;YI SYLLABLE MIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0AF;YI SYLLABLE MIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B0;YI SYLLABLE MI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B1;YI SYLLABLE MIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B2;YI SYLLABLE MIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B3;YI SYLLABLE MIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B4;YI SYLLABLE MIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B5;YI SYLLABLE MAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B6;YI SYLLABLE MAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B7;YI SYLLABLE MA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B8;YI SYLLABLE MAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0B9;YI SYLLABLE MUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BA;YI SYLLABLE MUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BB;YI SYLLABLE MUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BC;YI SYLLABLE MUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BD;YI SYLLABLE MOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BE;YI SYLLABLE MOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0BF;YI SYLLABLE MO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C0;YI SYLLABLE MOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C1;YI SYLLABLE MEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C2;YI SYLLABLE ME;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C3;YI SYLLABLE MUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C4;YI SYLLABLE MUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C5;YI SYLLABLE MU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C6;YI SYLLABLE MUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C7;YI SYLLABLE MURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C8;YI SYLLABLE MUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0C9;YI SYLLABLE MYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CA;YI SYLLABLE MYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CB;YI SYLLABLE MY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CC;YI SYLLABLE MYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CD;YI SYLLABLE FIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CE;YI SYLLABLE FIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0CF;YI SYLLABLE FI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D0;YI SYLLABLE FIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D1;YI SYLLABLE FAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D2;YI SYLLABLE FAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D3;YI SYLLABLE FA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D4;YI SYLLABLE FAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D5;YI SYLLABLE FOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D6;YI SYLLABLE FO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D7;YI SYLLABLE FOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D8;YI SYLLABLE FUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0D9;YI SYLLABLE FUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DA;YI SYLLABLE FU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DB;YI SYLLABLE FUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DC;YI SYLLABLE FURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DD;YI SYLLABLE FUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DE;YI SYLLABLE FYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0DF;YI SYLLABLE FYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E0;YI SYLLABLE FY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E1;YI SYLLABLE FYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E2;YI SYLLABLE VIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E3;YI SYLLABLE VIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E4;YI SYLLABLE VI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E5;YI SYLLABLE VIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E6;YI SYLLABLE VIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E7;YI SYLLABLE VIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E8;YI SYLLABLE VIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0E9;YI SYLLABLE VIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0EA;YI SYLLABLE VAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0EB;YI SYLLABLE VAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0EC;YI SYLLABLE VA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0ED;YI SYLLABLE VAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0EE;YI SYLLABLE VOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0EF;YI SYLLABLE VOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F0;YI SYLLABLE VO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F1;YI SYLLABLE VOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F2;YI SYLLABLE VEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F3;YI SYLLABLE VEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F4;YI SYLLABLE VUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F5;YI SYLLABLE VUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F6;YI SYLLABLE VU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F7;YI SYLLABLE VUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F8;YI SYLLABLE VURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0F9;YI SYLLABLE VUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FA;YI SYLLABLE VYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FB;YI SYLLABLE VYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FC;YI SYLLABLE VY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FD;YI SYLLABLE VYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FE;YI SYLLABLE VYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A0FF;YI SYLLABLE VYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A100;YI SYLLABLE DIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A101;YI SYLLABLE DIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A102;YI SYLLABLE DI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A103;YI SYLLABLE DIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A104;YI SYLLABLE DIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A105;YI SYLLABLE DIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A106;YI SYLLABLE DIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A107;YI SYLLABLE DAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A108;YI SYLLABLE DAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A109;YI SYLLABLE DA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10A;YI SYLLABLE DAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10B;YI SYLLABLE DUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10C;YI SYLLABLE DUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10D;YI SYLLABLE DOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10E;YI SYLLABLE DOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A10F;YI SYLLABLE DO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A110;YI SYLLABLE DOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A111;YI SYLLABLE DEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A112;YI SYLLABLE DE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A113;YI SYLLABLE DEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A114;YI SYLLABLE DUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A115;YI SYLLABLE DUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A116;YI SYLLABLE DU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A117;YI SYLLABLE DUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A118;YI SYLLABLE DURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A119;YI SYLLABLE DUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11A;YI SYLLABLE TIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11B;YI SYLLABLE TIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11C;YI SYLLABLE TI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11D;YI SYLLABLE TIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11E;YI SYLLABLE TIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A11F;YI SYLLABLE TIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A120;YI SYLLABLE TIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A121;YI SYLLABLE TAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A122;YI SYLLABLE TAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A123;YI SYLLABLE TA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A124;YI SYLLABLE TAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A125;YI SYLLABLE TUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A126;YI SYLLABLE TUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A127;YI SYLLABLE TUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A128;YI SYLLABLE TUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A129;YI SYLLABLE TOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12A;YI SYLLABLE TOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12B;YI SYLLABLE TO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12C;YI SYLLABLE TOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12D;YI SYLLABLE TEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12E;YI SYLLABLE TE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A12F;YI SYLLABLE TEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A130;YI SYLLABLE TUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A131;YI SYLLABLE TUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A132;YI SYLLABLE TU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A133;YI SYLLABLE TUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A134;YI SYLLABLE TURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A135;YI SYLLABLE TUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A136;YI SYLLABLE DDIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A137;YI SYLLABLE DDIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A138;YI SYLLABLE DDI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A139;YI SYLLABLE DDIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13A;YI SYLLABLE DDIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13B;YI SYLLABLE DDIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13C;YI SYLLABLE DDIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13D;YI SYLLABLE DDAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13E;YI SYLLABLE DDAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A13F;YI SYLLABLE DDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A140;YI SYLLABLE DDAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A141;YI SYLLABLE DDUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A142;YI SYLLABLE DDUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A143;YI SYLLABLE DDUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A144;YI SYLLABLE DDOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A145;YI SYLLABLE DDOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A146;YI SYLLABLE DDO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A147;YI SYLLABLE DDOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A148;YI SYLLABLE DDEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A149;YI SYLLABLE DDE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14A;YI SYLLABLE DDEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14B;YI SYLLABLE DDUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14C;YI SYLLABLE DDUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14D;YI SYLLABLE DDU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14E;YI SYLLABLE DDUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A14F;YI SYLLABLE DDURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A150;YI SYLLABLE DDUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A151;YI SYLLABLE NDIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A152;YI SYLLABLE NDIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A153;YI SYLLABLE NDI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A154;YI SYLLABLE NDIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A155;YI SYLLABLE NDIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A156;YI SYLLABLE NDIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A157;YI SYLLABLE NDAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A158;YI SYLLABLE NDAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A159;YI SYLLABLE NDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15A;YI SYLLABLE NDAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15B;YI SYLLABLE NDOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15C;YI SYLLABLE NDOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15D;YI SYLLABLE NDO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15E;YI SYLLABLE NDOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A15F;YI SYLLABLE NDEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A160;YI SYLLABLE NDE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A161;YI SYLLABLE NDEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A162;YI SYLLABLE NDUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A163;YI SYLLABLE NDUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A164;YI SYLLABLE NDU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A165;YI SYLLABLE NDUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A166;YI SYLLABLE NDURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A167;YI SYLLABLE NDUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A168;YI SYLLABLE HNIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A169;YI SYLLABLE HNIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16A;YI SYLLABLE HNI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16B;YI SYLLABLE HNIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16C;YI SYLLABLE HNIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16D;YI SYLLABLE HNIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16E;YI SYLLABLE HNIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A16F;YI SYLLABLE HNIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A170;YI SYLLABLE HNAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A171;YI SYLLABLE HNAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A172;YI SYLLABLE HNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A173;YI SYLLABLE HNAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A174;YI SYLLABLE HNUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A175;YI SYLLABLE HNUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A176;YI SYLLABLE HNOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A177;YI SYLLABLE HNOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A178;YI SYLLABLE HNOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A179;YI SYLLABLE HNEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17A;YI SYLLABLE HNE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17B;YI SYLLABLE HNEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17C;YI SYLLABLE HNUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17D;YI SYLLABLE NIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17E;YI SYLLABLE NIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A17F;YI SYLLABLE NI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A180;YI SYLLABLE NIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A181;YI SYLLABLE NIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A182;YI SYLLABLE NIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A183;YI SYLLABLE NIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A184;YI SYLLABLE NAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A185;YI SYLLABLE NA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A186;YI SYLLABLE NAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A187;YI SYLLABLE NUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A188;YI SYLLABLE NUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A189;YI SYLLABLE NUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18A;YI SYLLABLE NOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18B;YI SYLLABLE NOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18C;YI SYLLABLE NO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18D;YI SYLLABLE NOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18E;YI SYLLABLE NEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A18F;YI SYLLABLE NE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A190;YI SYLLABLE NEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A191;YI SYLLABLE NUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A192;YI SYLLABLE NUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A193;YI SYLLABLE NU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A194;YI SYLLABLE NUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A195;YI SYLLABLE NURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A196;YI SYLLABLE NUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A197;YI SYLLABLE HLIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A198;YI SYLLABLE HLIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A199;YI SYLLABLE HLI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19A;YI SYLLABLE HLIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19B;YI SYLLABLE HLIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19C;YI SYLLABLE HLIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19D;YI SYLLABLE HLIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19E;YI SYLLABLE HLAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A19F;YI SYLLABLE HLAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A0;YI SYLLABLE HLA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A1;YI SYLLABLE HLAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A2;YI SYLLABLE HLUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A3;YI SYLLABLE HLUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A4;YI SYLLABLE HLUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A5;YI SYLLABLE HLOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A6;YI SYLLABLE HLO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A7;YI SYLLABLE HLOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A8;YI SYLLABLE HLEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1A9;YI SYLLABLE HLE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AA;YI SYLLABLE HLEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AB;YI SYLLABLE HLUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AC;YI SYLLABLE HLUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AD;YI SYLLABLE HLU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AE;YI SYLLABLE HLUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1AF;YI SYLLABLE HLURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B0;YI SYLLABLE HLUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B1;YI SYLLABLE HLYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B2;YI SYLLABLE HLYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B3;YI SYLLABLE HLY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B4;YI SYLLABLE HLYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B5;YI SYLLABLE HLYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B6;YI SYLLABLE HLYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B7;YI SYLLABLE LIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B8;YI SYLLABLE LIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1B9;YI SYLLABLE LI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BA;YI SYLLABLE LIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BB;YI SYLLABLE LIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BC;YI SYLLABLE LIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BD;YI SYLLABLE LIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BE;YI SYLLABLE LIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1BF;YI SYLLABLE LAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C0;YI SYLLABLE LAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C1;YI SYLLABLE LA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C2;YI SYLLABLE LAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C3;YI SYLLABLE LUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C4;YI SYLLABLE LUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C5;YI SYLLABLE LUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C6;YI SYLLABLE LUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C7;YI SYLLABLE LOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C8;YI SYLLABLE LOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1C9;YI SYLLABLE LO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CA;YI SYLLABLE LOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CB;YI SYLLABLE LEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CC;YI SYLLABLE LE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CD;YI SYLLABLE LEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CE;YI SYLLABLE LUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1CF;YI SYLLABLE LUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D0;YI SYLLABLE LU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D1;YI SYLLABLE LUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D2;YI SYLLABLE LURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D3;YI SYLLABLE LUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D4;YI SYLLABLE LYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D5;YI SYLLABLE LYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D6;YI SYLLABLE LY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D7;YI SYLLABLE LYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D8;YI SYLLABLE LYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1D9;YI SYLLABLE LYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DA;YI SYLLABLE GIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DB;YI SYLLABLE GIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DC;YI SYLLABLE GI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DD;YI SYLLABLE GIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DE;YI SYLLABLE GIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1DF;YI SYLLABLE GIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E0;YI SYLLABLE GIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E1;YI SYLLABLE GIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E2;YI SYLLABLE GAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E3;YI SYLLABLE GAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E4;YI SYLLABLE GA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E5;YI SYLLABLE GAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E6;YI SYLLABLE GUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E7;YI SYLLABLE GUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E8;YI SYLLABLE GUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1E9;YI SYLLABLE GUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1EA;YI SYLLABLE GOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1EB;YI SYLLABLE GOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1EC;YI SYLLABLE GO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1ED;YI SYLLABLE GOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1EE;YI SYLLABLE GET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1EF;YI SYLLABLE GEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F0;YI SYLLABLE GE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F1;YI SYLLABLE GEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F2;YI SYLLABLE GUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F3;YI SYLLABLE GUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F4;YI SYLLABLE GU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F5;YI SYLLABLE GUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F6;YI SYLLABLE GURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F7;YI SYLLABLE GUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F8;YI SYLLABLE KIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1F9;YI SYLLABLE KIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FA;YI SYLLABLE KI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FB;YI SYLLABLE KIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FC;YI SYLLABLE KIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FD;YI SYLLABLE KIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FE;YI SYLLABLE KIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A1FF;YI SYLLABLE KAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A200;YI SYLLABLE KAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A201;YI SYLLABLE KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A202;YI SYLLABLE KAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A203;YI SYLLABLE KUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A204;YI SYLLABLE KUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A205;YI SYLLABLE KUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A206;YI SYLLABLE KOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A207;YI SYLLABLE KOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A208;YI SYLLABLE KO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A209;YI SYLLABLE KOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20A;YI SYLLABLE KET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20B;YI SYLLABLE KEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20C;YI SYLLABLE KE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20D;YI SYLLABLE KEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20E;YI SYLLABLE KUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A20F;YI SYLLABLE KUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A210;YI SYLLABLE KU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A211;YI SYLLABLE KUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A212;YI SYLLABLE KURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A213;YI SYLLABLE KUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A214;YI SYLLABLE GGIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A215;YI SYLLABLE GGIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A216;YI SYLLABLE GGI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A217;YI SYLLABLE GGIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A218;YI SYLLABLE GGIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A219;YI SYLLABLE GGIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21A;YI SYLLABLE GGAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21B;YI SYLLABLE GGAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21C;YI SYLLABLE GGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21D;YI SYLLABLE GGAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21E;YI SYLLABLE GGUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A21F;YI SYLLABLE GGUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A220;YI SYLLABLE GGUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A221;YI SYLLABLE GGUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A222;YI SYLLABLE GGOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A223;YI SYLLABLE GGOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A224;YI SYLLABLE GGO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A225;YI SYLLABLE GGOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A226;YI SYLLABLE GGET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A227;YI SYLLABLE GGEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A228;YI SYLLABLE GGE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A229;YI SYLLABLE GGEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22A;YI SYLLABLE GGUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22B;YI SYLLABLE GGUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22C;YI SYLLABLE GGU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22D;YI SYLLABLE GGUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22E;YI SYLLABLE GGURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A22F;YI SYLLABLE GGUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A230;YI SYLLABLE MGIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A231;YI SYLLABLE MGIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A232;YI SYLLABLE MGAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A233;YI SYLLABLE MGAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A234;YI SYLLABLE MGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A235;YI SYLLABLE MGAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A236;YI SYLLABLE MGUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A237;YI SYLLABLE MGUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A238;YI SYLLABLE MGUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A239;YI SYLLABLE MGOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23A;YI SYLLABLE MGOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23B;YI SYLLABLE MGO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23C;YI SYLLABLE MGOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23D;YI SYLLABLE MGEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23E;YI SYLLABLE MGE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A23F;YI SYLLABLE MGEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A240;YI SYLLABLE MGUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A241;YI SYLLABLE MGUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A242;YI SYLLABLE MGU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A243;YI SYLLABLE MGUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A244;YI SYLLABLE MGURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A245;YI SYLLABLE MGUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A246;YI SYLLABLE HXIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A247;YI SYLLABLE HXIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A248;YI SYLLABLE HXI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A249;YI SYLLABLE HXIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24A;YI SYLLABLE HXIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24B;YI SYLLABLE HXIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24C;YI SYLLABLE HXIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24D;YI SYLLABLE HXIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24E;YI SYLLABLE HXAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A24F;YI SYLLABLE HXAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A250;YI SYLLABLE HXA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A251;YI SYLLABLE HXAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A252;YI SYLLABLE HXUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A253;YI SYLLABLE HXUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A254;YI SYLLABLE HXUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A255;YI SYLLABLE HXUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A256;YI SYLLABLE HXOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A257;YI SYLLABLE HXOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A258;YI SYLLABLE HXO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A259;YI SYLLABLE HXOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25A;YI SYLLABLE HXEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25B;YI SYLLABLE HXE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25C;YI SYLLABLE HXEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25D;YI SYLLABLE NGIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25E;YI SYLLABLE NGIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A25F;YI SYLLABLE NGIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A260;YI SYLLABLE NGAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A261;YI SYLLABLE NGAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A262;YI SYLLABLE NGA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A263;YI SYLLABLE NGAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A264;YI SYLLABLE NGUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A265;YI SYLLABLE NGUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A266;YI SYLLABLE NGUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A267;YI SYLLABLE NGOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A268;YI SYLLABLE NGOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A269;YI SYLLABLE NGO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26A;YI SYLLABLE NGOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26B;YI SYLLABLE NGEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26C;YI SYLLABLE NGE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26D;YI SYLLABLE NGEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26E;YI SYLLABLE HIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A26F;YI SYLLABLE HIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A270;YI SYLLABLE HIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A271;YI SYLLABLE HAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A272;YI SYLLABLE HAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A273;YI SYLLABLE HA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A274;YI SYLLABLE HAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A275;YI SYLLABLE HUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A276;YI SYLLABLE HUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A277;YI SYLLABLE HUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A278;YI SYLLABLE HUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A279;YI SYLLABLE HOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27A;YI SYLLABLE HOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27B;YI SYLLABLE HO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27C;YI SYLLABLE HOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27D;YI SYLLABLE HEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27E;YI SYLLABLE HE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A27F;YI SYLLABLE HEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A280;YI SYLLABLE WAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A281;YI SYLLABLE WAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A282;YI SYLLABLE WA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A283;YI SYLLABLE WAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A284;YI SYLLABLE WUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A285;YI SYLLABLE WUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A286;YI SYLLABLE WUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A287;YI SYLLABLE WOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A288;YI SYLLABLE WO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A289;YI SYLLABLE WOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28A;YI SYLLABLE WEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28B;YI SYLLABLE WE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28C;YI SYLLABLE WEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28D;YI SYLLABLE ZIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28E;YI SYLLABLE ZIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A28F;YI SYLLABLE ZI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A290;YI SYLLABLE ZIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A291;YI SYLLABLE ZIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A292;YI SYLLABLE ZIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A293;YI SYLLABLE ZIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A294;YI SYLLABLE ZAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A295;YI SYLLABLE ZAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A296;YI SYLLABLE ZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A297;YI SYLLABLE ZAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A298;YI SYLLABLE ZUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A299;YI SYLLABLE ZUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29A;YI SYLLABLE ZUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29B;YI SYLLABLE ZOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29C;YI SYLLABLE ZOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29D;YI SYLLABLE ZO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29E;YI SYLLABLE ZOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A29F;YI SYLLABLE ZEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A0;YI SYLLABLE ZE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A1;YI SYLLABLE ZEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A2;YI SYLLABLE ZUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A3;YI SYLLABLE ZUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A4;YI SYLLABLE ZU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A5;YI SYLLABLE ZUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A6;YI SYLLABLE ZURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A7;YI SYLLABLE ZUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A8;YI SYLLABLE ZYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2A9;YI SYLLABLE ZYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AA;YI SYLLABLE ZY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AB;YI SYLLABLE ZYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AC;YI SYLLABLE ZYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AD;YI SYLLABLE ZYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AE;YI SYLLABLE CIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2AF;YI SYLLABLE CIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B0;YI SYLLABLE CI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B1;YI SYLLABLE CIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B2;YI SYLLABLE CIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B3;YI SYLLABLE CIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B4;YI SYLLABLE CIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B5;YI SYLLABLE CIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B6;YI SYLLABLE CAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B7;YI SYLLABLE CAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B8;YI SYLLABLE CA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2B9;YI SYLLABLE CAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BA;YI SYLLABLE CUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BB;YI SYLLABLE CUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BC;YI SYLLABLE CUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BD;YI SYLLABLE COT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BE;YI SYLLABLE COX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2BF;YI SYLLABLE CO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C0;YI SYLLABLE COP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C1;YI SYLLABLE CEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C2;YI SYLLABLE CE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C3;YI SYLLABLE CEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C4;YI SYLLABLE CUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C5;YI SYLLABLE CUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C6;YI SYLLABLE CU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C7;YI SYLLABLE CUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C8;YI SYLLABLE CURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2C9;YI SYLLABLE CUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CA;YI SYLLABLE CYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CB;YI SYLLABLE CYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CC;YI SYLLABLE CY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CD;YI SYLLABLE CYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CE;YI SYLLABLE CYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2CF;YI SYLLABLE CYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D0;YI SYLLABLE ZZIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D1;YI SYLLABLE ZZIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D2;YI SYLLABLE ZZI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D3;YI SYLLABLE ZZIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D4;YI SYLLABLE ZZIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D5;YI SYLLABLE ZZIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D6;YI SYLLABLE ZZIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D7;YI SYLLABLE ZZIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D8;YI SYLLABLE ZZAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2D9;YI SYLLABLE ZZAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DA;YI SYLLABLE ZZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DB;YI SYLLABLE ZZAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DC;YI SYLLABLE ZZOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DD;YI SYLLABLE ZZO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DE;YI SYLLABLE ZZOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2DF;YI SYLLABLE ZZEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E0;YI SYLLABLE ZZE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E1;YI SYLLABLE ZZEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E2;YI SYLLABLE ZZUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E3;YI SYLLABLE ZZU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E4;YI SYLLABLE ZZUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E5;YI SYLLABLE ZZURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E6;YI SYLLABLE ZZUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E7;YI SYLLABLE ZZYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2E8;YI SYLLABLE ZZYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A2EB;YI SYLLABLE ZZYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A2ED;YI SYLLABLE NZIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2EE;YI SYLLABLE NZIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A2F5;YI SYLLABLE NZAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2F6;YI SYLLABLE NZA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A2F8;YI SYLLABLE NZUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2F9;YI SYLLABLE NZUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A2FC;YI SYLLABLE NZEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2FD;YI SYLLABLE NZE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2FE;YI SYLLABLE NZUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A2FF;YI SYLLABLE NZU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A300;YI SYLLABLE NZUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A301;YI SYLLABLE NZURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A302;YI SYLLABLE NZUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A303;YI SYLLABLE NZYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A304;YI SYLLABLE NZYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A305;YI SYLLABLE NZY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A306;YI SYLLABLE NZYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A307;YI SYLLABLE NZYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A308;YI SYLLABLE NZYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A309;YI SYLLABLE SIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30A;YI SYLLABLE SIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30B;YI SYLLABLE SI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30C;YI SYLLABLE SIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30D;YI SYLLABLE SIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30E;YI SYLLABLE SIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A30F;YI SYLLABLE SIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A310;YI SYLLABLE SAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A311;YI SYLLABLE SAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A312;YI SYLLABLE SA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A313;YI SYLLABLE SAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A314;YI SYLLABLE SUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A315;YI SYLLABLE SUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A316;YI SYLLABLE SUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A317;YI SYLLABLE SOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A318;YI SYLLABLE SOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A319;YI SYLLABLE SO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31A;YI SYLLABLE SOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31B;YI SYLLABLE SEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31C;YI SYLLABLE SE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31D;YI SYLLABLE SEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31E;YI SYLLABLE SUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A31F;YI SYLLABLE SUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A320;YI SYLLABLE SU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A321;YI SYLLABLE SUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A322;YI SYLLABLE SURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A323;YI SYLLABLE SUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A324;YI SYLLABLE SYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A325;YI SYLLABLE SYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A326;YI SYLLABLE SY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A328;YI SYLLABLE SYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A329;YI SYLLABLE SYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32A;YI SYLLABLE SSIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32B;YI SYLLABLE SSIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32C;YI SYLLABLE SSI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32D;YI SYLLABLE SSIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32E;YI SYLLABLE SSIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A32F;YI SYLLABLE SSIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A330;YI SYLLABLE SSIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A332;YI SYLLABLE SSAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A333;YI SYLLABLE SSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A334;YI SYLLABLE SSAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A335;YI SYLLABLE SSOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A336;YI SYLLABLE SSOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A337;YI SYLLABLE SSO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A338;YI SYLLABLE SSOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A339;YI SYLLABLE SSEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33A;YI SYLLABLE SSE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33B;YI SYLLABLE SSEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33C;YI SYLLABLE SSUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33D;YI SYLLABLE SSUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33E;YI SYLLABLE SSU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A33F;YI SYLLABLE SSUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A340;YI SYLLABLE SSYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A341;YI SYLLABLE SSYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A342;YI SYLLABLE SSY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A343;YI SYLLABLE SSYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A344;YI SYLLABLE SSYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A345;YI SYLLABLE SSYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A346;YI SYLLABLE ZHAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A347;YI SYLLABLE ZHAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A348;YI SYLLABLE ZHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A349;YI SYLLABLE ZHAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34A;YI SYLLABLE ZHUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34B;YI SYLLABLE ZHUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34C;YI SYLLABLE ZHUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34D;YI SYLLABLE ZHOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34E;YI SYLLABLE ZHOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A34F;YI SYLLABLE ZHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A350;YI SYLLABLE ZHOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A351;YI SYLLABLE ZHET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A352;YI SYLLABLE ZHEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A353;YI SYLLABLE ZHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A354;YI SYLLABLE ZHEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A355;YI SYLLABLE ZHUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A356;YI SYLLABLE ZHUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A357;YI SYLLABLE ZHU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A358;YI SYLLABLE ZHUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A359;YI SYLLABLE ZHURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35A;YI SYLLABLE ZHUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35B;YI SYLLABLE ZHYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35C;YI SYLLABLE ZHYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35D;YI SYLLABLE ZHY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35E;YI SYLLABLE ZHYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A35F;YI SYLLABLE ZHYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A360;YI SYLLABLE ZHYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A361;YI SYLLABLE CHAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A362;YI SYLLABLE CHAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A363;YI SYLLABLE CHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A364;YI SYLLABLE CHAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A365;YI SYLLABLE CHUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A366;YI SYLLABLE CHUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A367;YI SYLLABLE CHUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A368;YI SYLLABLE CHUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A369;YI SYLLABLE CHOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36A;YI SYLLABLE CHOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36B;YI SYLLABLE CHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36C;YI SYLLABLE CHOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36D;YI SYLLABLE CHET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36E;YI SYLLABLE CHEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A36F;YI SYLLABLE CHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A371;YI SYLLABLE CHUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A372;YI SYLLABLE CHU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A373;YI SYLLABLE CHUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A374;YI SYLLABLE CHURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A375;YI SYLLABLE CHUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A376;YI SYLLABLE CHYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A377;YI SYLLABLE CHYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A378;YI SYLLABLE CHY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A37A;YI SYLLABLE CHYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A37B;YI SYLLABLE CHYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A37C;YI SYLLABLE RRAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A37D;YI SYLLABLE RRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A37E;YI SYLLABLE RRUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A37F;YI SYLLABLE RRUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A381;YI SYLLABLE RROX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A382;YI SYLLABLE RRO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A383;YI SYLLABLE RROP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A384;YI SYLLABLE RRET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A385;YI SYLLABLE RREX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A386;YI SYLLABLE RRE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A387;YI SYLLABLE RREP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A388;YI SYLLABLE RRUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A389;YI SYLLABLE RRUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38A;YI SYLLABLE RRU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38B;YI SYLLABLE RRUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38C;YI SYLLABLE RRURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38D;YI SYLLABLE RRUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38E;YI SYLLABLE RRYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A38F;YI SYLLABLE RRYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A390;YI SYLLABLE RRY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A391;YI SYLLABLE RRYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A392;YI SYLLABLE RRYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A393;YI SYLLABLE RRYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A394;YI SYLLABLE NRAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A395;YI SYLLABLE NRAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A396;YI SYLLABLE NRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A397;YI SYLLABLE NRAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A398;YI SYLLABLE NROX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A399;YI SYLLABLE NRO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39A;YI SYLLABLE NROP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39B;YI SYLLABLE NRET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39C;YI SYLLABLE NREX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39D;YI SYLLABLE NRE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39E;YI SYLLABLE NREP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A39F;YI SYLLABLE NRUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A0;YI SYLLABLE NRUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A1;YI SYLLABLE NRU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A2;YI SYLLABLE NRUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A3;YI SYLLABLE NRURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A4;YI SYLLABLE NRUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A5;YI SYLLABLE NRYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A6;YI SYLLABLE NRYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A7;YI SYLLABLE NRY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A8;YI SYLLABLE NRYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3A9;YI SYLLABLE NRYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AA;YI SYLLABLE NRYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AB;YI SYLLABLE SHAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AC;YI SYLLABLE SHAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AD;YI SYLLABLE SHA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AE;YI SYLLABLE SHAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3AF;YI SYLLABLE SHUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B0;YI SYLLABLE SHUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B1;YI SYLLABLE SHUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B2;YI SYLLABLE SHOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B3;YI SYLLABLE SHOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B4;YI SYLLABLE SHO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B5;YI SYLLABLE SHOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B6;YI SYLLABLE SHET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B7;YI SYLLABLE SHEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B8;YI SYLLABLE SHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3B9;YI SYLLABLE SHEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BA;YI SYLLABLE SHUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BB;YI SYLLABLE SHUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BC;YI SYLLABLE SHU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BD;YI SYLLABLE SHUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BE;YI SYLLABLE SHURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3BF;YI SYLLABLE SHUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C0;YI SYLLABLE SHYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C1;YI SYLLABLE SHYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C2;YI SYLLABLE SHY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C3;YI SYLLABLE SHYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C4;YI SYLLABLE SHYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C5;YI SYLLABLE SHYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C6;YI SYLLABLE RAT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C7;YI SYLLABLE RAX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C8;YI SYLLABLE RA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3C9;YI SYLLABLE RAP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CA;YI SYLLABLE RUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CB;YI SYLLABLE RUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CC;YI SYLLABLE RUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CD;YI SYLLABLE ROT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CE;YI SYLLABLE ROX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3CF;YI SYLLABLE RO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D0;YI SYLLABLE ROP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D1;YI SYLLABLE REX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D2;YI SYLLABLE RE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D3;YI SYLLABLE REP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D4;YI SYLLABLE RUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D5;YI SYLLABLE RUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D6;YI SYLLABLE RU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D7;YI SYLLABLE RUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D8;YI SYLLABLE RURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3D9;YI SYLLABLE RUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3DA;YI SYLLABLE RYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3DB;YI SYLLABLE RYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3DC;YI SYLLABLE RY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+A3DE;YI SYLLABLE RYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3DF;YI SYLLABLE RYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E0;YI SYLLABLE JIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E1;YI SYLLABLE JIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E2;YI SYLLABLE JI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E3;YI SYLLABLE JIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E4;YI SYLLABLE JIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E5;YI SYLLABLE JIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E6;YI SYLLABLE JIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E7;YI SYLLABLE JIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E8;YI SYLLABLE JUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3E9;YI SYLLABLE JUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3EA;YI SYLLABLE JUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3EB;YI SYLLABLE JUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3EC;YI SYLLABLE JOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3ED;YI SYLLABLE JOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3EE;YI SYLLABLE JO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3EF;YI SYLLABLE JOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F0;YI SYLLABLE JUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F1;YI SYLLABLE JUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F2;YI SYLLABLE JU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F3;YI SYLLABLE JUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F4;YI SYLLABLE JURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F5;YI SYLLABLE JUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F6;YI SYLLABLE JYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F7;YI SYLLABLE JYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F8;YI SYLLABLE JY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3F9;YI SYLLABLE JYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FA;YI SYLLABLE JYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FB;YI SYLLABLE JYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FC;YI SYLLABLE QIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FD;YI SYLLABLE QIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FE;YI SYLLABLE QI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A3FF;YI SYLLABLE QIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A400;YI SYLLABLE QIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A401;YI SYLLABLE QIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A402;YI SYLLABLE QIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A403;YI SYLLABLE QIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A404;YI SYLLABLE QUOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A405;YI SYLLABLE QUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A406;YI SYLLABLE QUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A407;YI SYLLABLE QUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A408;YI SYLLABLE QOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A409;YI SYLLABLE QOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40A;YI SYLLABLE QO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40B;YI SYLLABLE QOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40C;YI SYLLABLE QUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40D;YI SYLLABLE QUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40E;YI SYLLABLE QU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A40F;YI SYLLABLE QUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A410;YI SYLLABLE QURX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A411;YI SYLLABLE QUR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A412;YI SYLLABLE QYT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A413;YI SYLLABLE QYX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A414;YI SYLLABLE QY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A415;YI SYLLABLE QYP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A416;YI SYLLABLE QYRX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A417;YI SYLLABLE QYR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A418;YI SYLLABLE JJIT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A419;YI SYLLABLE JJIX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41A;YI SYLLABLE JJI;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41B;YI SYLLABLE JJIP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41C;YI SYLLABLE JJIET;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41D;YI SYLLABLE JJIEX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41E;YI SYLLABLE JJIE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A41F;YI SYLLABLE JJIEP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A420;YI SYLLABLE JJUOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A421;YI SYLLABLE JJUO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A422;YI SYLLABLE JJUOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A423;YI SYLLABLE JJOT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A424;YI SYLLABLE JJOX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A425;YI SYLLABLE JJO;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A426;YI SYLLABLE JJOP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A427;YI SYLLABLE JJUT;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A428;YI SYLLABLE JJUX;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A429;YI SYLLABLE JJU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+A42A;YI SYLLABLE JJUP;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+F982;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F982;Lo;0;L;5EEC;;;;N;;;;;
+F983;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F983;Lo;0;L;65C5;;;;N;;;;;
+F984;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F984;Lo;0;L;6FFE;;;;N;;;;;
+F985;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F985;Lo;0;L;792A;;;;N;;;;;
+F986;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F986;Lo;0;L;95AD;;;;N;;;;;
+F987;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F987;Lo;0;L;9A6A;;;;N;;;;;
+F988;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F988;Lo;0;L;9E97;;;;N;;;;;
+F989;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F989;Lo;0;L;9ECE;;;;N;;;;;
+F98A;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98A;Lo;0;L;529B;;;;N;;;;;
+F98B;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98B;Lo;0;L;66C6;;;;N;;;;;
+F98C;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98C;Lo;0;L;6B77;;;;N;;;;;
+F98D;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98D;Lo;0;L;8F62;;;;N;;;;;
+F98E;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98E;Lo;0;L;5E74;;;;N;;;;;
+F98F;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F98F;Lo;0;L;6190;;;;N;;;;;
+F990;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F990;Lo;0;L;6200;;;;N;;;;;
+F991;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F991;Lo;0;L;649A;;;;N;;;;;
+F992;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F992;Lo;0;L;6F23;;;;N;;;;;
+F993;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F993;Lo;0;L;7149;;;;N;;;;;
+F994;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F994;Lo;0;L;7489;;;;N;;;;;
+F995;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F995;Lo;0;L;79CA;;;;N;;;;;
+F996;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F996;Lo;0;L;7DF4;;;;N;;;;;
+F997;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F997;Lo;0;L;806F;;;;N;;;;;
+F998;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F998;Lo;0;L;8F26;;;;N;;;;;
+F999;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F999;Lo;0;L;84EE;;;;N;;;;;
+F99A;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99A;Lo;0;L;9023;;;;N;;;;;
+F99B;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99B;Lo;0;L;934A;;;;N;;;;;
+F99C;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99C;Lo;0;L;5217;;;;N;;;;;
+F99D;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99D;Lo;0;L;52A3;;;;N;;;;;
+F99E;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99E;Lo;0;L;54BD;;;;N;;;;;
+F99F;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F99F;Lo;0;L;70C8;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A0;Lo;0;L;88C2;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1;Lo;0;L;8AAA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A2;Lo;0;L;5EC9;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A3;Lo;0;L;5FF5;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A4;Lo;0;L;637B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A5;Lo;0;L;6BAE;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A6;Lo;0;L;7C3E;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A7;Lo;0;L;7375;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A8;Lo;0;L;4EE4;;;;N;;;;;
+F9A9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A9;Lo;0;L;56F9;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AA;Lo;0;L;5BE7;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AB;Lo;0;L;5DBA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AC;Lo;0;L;601C;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AD;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AD;Lo;0;L;73B2;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AE;Lo;0;L;7469;;;;N;;;;;
+F9AF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9AF;Lo;0;L;7F9A;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B0;Lo;0;L;8046;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B1;Lo;0;L;9234;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B2;Lo;0;L;96F6;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B3;Lo;0;L;9748;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B4;Lo;0;L;9818;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B5;Lo;0;L;4F8B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B6;Lo;0;L;79AE;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B7;Lo;0;L;91B4;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B8;Lo;0;L;96B8;;;;N;;;;;
+F9B9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9B9;Lo;0;L;60E1;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BA;Lo;0;L;4E86;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BB;Lo;0;L;50DA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BC;Lo;0;L;5BEE;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BD;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BD;Lo;0;L;5C3F;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BE;Lo;0;L;6599;;;;N;;;;;
+F9BF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9BF;Lo;0;L;6A02;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C0;Lo;0;L;71CE;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C1;Lo;0;L;7642;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C2;Lo;0;L;84FC;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C3;Lo;0;L;907C;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C4;Lo;0;L;9F8D;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C5;Lo;0;L;6688;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C6;Lo;0;L;962E;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C7;Lo;0;L;5289;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C8;Lo;0;L;677B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9C9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9C9;Lo;0;L;67F3;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CA;Lo;0;L;6D41;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CB;Lo;0;L;6E9C;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CC;Lo;0;L;7409;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CD;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CD;Lo;0;L;7559;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CE;Lo;0;L;786B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9CF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9CF;Lo;0;L;7D10;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D0;Lo;0;L;985E;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D1;Lo;0;L;516D;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D2;Lo;0;L;622E;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D3;Lo;0;L;9678;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D4;Lo;0;L;502B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D5;Lo;0;L;5D19;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D6;Lo;0;L;6DEA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D7;Lo;0;L;8F2A;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D8;Lo;0;L;5F8B;;;;N;;;;;
+F9D9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9D9;Lo;0;L;6144;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DA;Lo;0;L;6817;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DB;Lo;0;L;7387;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DC;Lo;0;L;9686;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DD;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DD;Lo;0;L;5229;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DE;Lo;0;L;540F;;;;N;;;;;
+F9DF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9DF;Lo;0;L;5C65;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E0;Lo;0;L;6613;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E1;Lo;0;L;674E;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E2;Lo;0;L;68A8;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E3;Lo;0;L;6CE5;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E4;Lo;0;L;7406;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E5;Lo;0;L;75E2;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E6;Lo;0;L;7F79;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E7;Lo;0;L;88CF;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E8;Lo;0;L;88E1;;;;N;;;;;
+F9E9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9E9;Lo;0;L;91CC;;;;N;;;;;
+F9EA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EA;Lo;0;L;96E2;;;;N;;;;;
+F9EB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EB;Lo;0;L;533F;;;;N;;;;;
+F9EC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EC;Lo;0;L;6EBA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9ED;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9ED;Lo;0;L;541D;;;;N;;;;;
+F9EE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EE;Lo;0;L;71D0;;;;N;;;;;
+F9EF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9EF;Lo;0;L;7498;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F0;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F0;Lo;0;L;85FA;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F1;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F1;Lo;0;L;96A3;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F2;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F2;Lo;0;L;9C57;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F3;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F3;Lo;0;L;9E9F;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F4;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F4;Lo;0;L;6797;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F5;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F5;Lo;0;L;6DCB;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F6;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F6;Lo;0;L;81E8;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F7;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F7;Lo;0;L;7ACB;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F8;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F8;Lo;0;L;7B20;;;;N;;;;;
+F9F9;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9F9;Lo;0;L;7C92;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FA;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FA;Lo;0;L;72C0;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FB;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FB;Lo;0;L;7099;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FC;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FC;Lo;0;L;8B58;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FD;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FD;Lo;0;L;4EC0;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FE;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FE;Lo;0;L;8336;;;;N;;;;;
+F9FF;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FF;Lo;0;L;523A;;;;N;;;;;
+FA00;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA00;Lo;0;L;5207;;;;N;;;;;
+FA01;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA01;Lo;0;L;5EA6;;;;N;;;;;
+FA02;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA02;Lo;0;L;62D3;;;;N;;;;;
+FA03;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA03;Lo;0;L;7CD6;;;;N;;;;;
+FA04;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA04;Lo;0;L;5B85;;;;N;;;;;
+FA05;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA05;Lo;0;L;6D1E;;;;N;;;;;
+FA06;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA06;Lo;0;L;66B4;;;;N;;;;;
+FA07;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA07;Lo;0;L;8F3B;;;;N;;;;;
+FA08;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA08;Lo;0;L;884C;;;;N;;;;;
+FA09;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA09;Lo;0;L;964D;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0A;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0A;Lo;0;L;898B;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0B;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0B;Lo;0;L;5ED3;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0C;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0C;Lo;0;L;5140;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0D;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0D;Lo;0;L;55C0;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0E;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA0F;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA0F;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA10;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA10;Lo;0;L;585A;;;;N;;;;;
+FA11;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA11;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA12;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA12;Lo;0;L;6674;;;;N;;;;;
+FA13;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA13;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA14;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA14;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA15;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA15;Lo;0;L;51DE;;;;N;;;;;
+FA16;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA16;Lo;0;L;732A;;;;N;;;;;
+FA17;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA17;Lo;0;L;76CA;;;;N;;;;;
+FA18;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA18;Lo;0;L;793C;;;;N;;;;;
+FA19;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA19;Lo;0;L;795E;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1A;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1A;Lo;0;L;7965;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1B;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B;Lo;0;L;798F;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1C;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1C;Lo;0;L;9756;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1D;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D;Lo;0;L;7CBE;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1E;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1E;Lo;0;L;7FBD;;;;N;;;;;
+FA1F;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1F;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;*;;;
+FA20;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA20;Lo;0;L;8612;;;;N;;;;;
+FA21;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA21;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA22;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA22;Lo;0;L;8AF8;;;;N;;;;;
+FA23;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA23;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;*;;;
+FA24;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA24;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA25;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA25;Lo;0;L;9038;;;;N;;;;;
+FA26;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA26;Lo;0;L;90FD;;;;N;;;;;
+FA27;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA27;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA28;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA28;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA29;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA29;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+FA2A;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2A;Lo;0;L;98EF;;;;N;;;;;
+FA2B;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2B;Lo;0;L;98FC;;;;N;;;;;
+FA2C;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2C;Lo;0;L;9928;;;;N;;;;;
+FA2D;CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA2D;Lo;0;L;9DB4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB00;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0066 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+FB01;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0066 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+FB02;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0066 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+FB03;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0066 0066 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+FB04;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0066 0066 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+FB05;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T;Ll;0;L;<compat> 017F 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+FB06;LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0073 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+FB13;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN NOW;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0574 0576;;;;N;;;;;
+FB14;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN ECH;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0574 0565;;;;N;;;;;
+FB15;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN INI;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0574 056B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB16;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE VEW NOW;Ll;0;L;<compat> 057E 0576;;;;N;;;;;
+FB17;ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE MEN XEH;Ll;0;L;<compat> 0574 056D;;;;N;;;;;
+FB1D;HEBREW LETTER YOD WITH HIRIQ;Lo;0;R;05D9 05B4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB1E;HEBREW POINT JUDEO-SPANISH VARIKA;Mn;26;NSM;;;;;N;HEBREW POINT VARIKA;;;;
+FB1F;HEBREW LIGATURE YIDDISH YOD YOD PATAH;Lo;0;R;05F2 05B7;;;;N;;;;;
+FB20;HEBREW LETTER ALTERNATIVE AYIN;Lo;0;R;<font> 05E2;;;;N;;;;;
+FB21;HEBREW LETTER WIDE ALEF;Lo;0;R;<font> 05D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FB22;HEBREW LETTER WIDE DALET;Lo;0;R;<font> 05D3;;;;N;;;;;
+FB23;HEBREW LETTER WIDE HE;Lo;0;R;<font> 05D4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB24;HEBREW LETTER WIDE KAF;Lo;0;R;<font> 05DB;;;;N;;;;;
+FB25;HEBREW LETTER WIDE LAMED;Lo;0;R;<font> 05DC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB26;HEBREW LETTER WIDE FINAL MEM;Lo;0;R;<font> 05DD;;;;N;;;;;
+FB27;HEBREW LETTER WIDE RESH;Lo;0;R;<font> 05E8;;;;N;;;;;
+FB28;HEBREW LETTER WIDE TAV;Lo;0;R;<font> 05EA;;;;N;;;;;
+FB29;HEBREW LETTER ALTERNATIVE PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;<font> 002B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2A;HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT;Lo;0;R;05E9 05C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2B;HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SIN DOT;Lo;0;R;05E9 05C2;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2C;HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SHIN DOT;Lo;0;R;FB49 05C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2D;HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH AND SIN DOT;Lo;0;R;FB49 05C2;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2E;HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH PATAH;Lo;0;R;05D0 05B7;;;;N;;;;;
+FB2F;HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH QAMATS;Lo;0;R;05D0 05B8;;;;N;;;;;
+FB30;HEBREW LETTER ALEF WITH MAPIQ;Lo;0;R;05D0 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB31;HEBREW LETTER BET WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D1 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB32;HEBREW LETTER GIMEL WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D2 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB33;HEBREW LETTER DALET WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D3 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB34;HEBREW LETTER HE WITH MAPIQ;Lo;0;R;05D4 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB35;HEBREW LETTER VAV WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D5 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB36;HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D6 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB38;HEBREW LETTER TET WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D8 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB39;HEBREW LETTER YOD WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05D9 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB3A;HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05DA 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB3B;HEBREW LETTER KAF WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05DB 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB3C;HEBREW LETTER LAMED WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05DC 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB3E;HEBREW LETTER MEM WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05DE 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB40;HEBREW LETTER NUN WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E0 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB41;HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E1 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB43;HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E3 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB44;HEBREW LETTER PE WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E4 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB46;HEBREW LETTER TSADI WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E6 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB47;HEBREW LETTER QOF WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E7 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB48;HEBREW LETTER RESH WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E8 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB49;HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05E9 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4A;HEBREW LETTER TAV WITH DAGESH;Lo;0;R;05EA 05BC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4B;HEBREW LETTER VAV WITH HOLAM;Lo;0;R;05D5 05B9;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4C;HEBREW LETTER BET WITH RAFE;Lo;0;R;05D1 05BF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4D;HEBREW LETTER KAF WITH RAFE;Lo;0;R;05DB 05BF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4E;HEBREW LETTER PE WITH RAFE;Lo;0;R;05E4 05BF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB4F;HEBREW LIGATURE ALEF LAMED;Lo;0;R;<compat> 05D0 05DC;;;;N;;;;;
+FB50;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0671;;;;N;;;;;
+FB51;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WASLA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0671;;;;N;;;;;
+FB52;ARABIC LETTER BEEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 067B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB53;ARABIC LETTER BEEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 067B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB54;ARABIC LETTER BEEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 067B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB55;ARABIC LETTER BEEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 067B;;;;N;;;;;
+FB56;ARABIC LETTER PEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 067E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB57;ARABIC LETTER PEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 067E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB58;ARABIC LETTER PEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 067E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB59;ARABIC LETTER PEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 067E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5A;ARABIC LETTER BEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0680;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5B;ARABIC LETTER BEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0680;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5C;ARABIC LETTER BEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0680;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5D;ARABIC LETTER BEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0680;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5E;ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 067A;;;;N;;;;;
+FB5F;ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 067A;;;;N;;;;;
+FB60;ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 067A;;;;N;;;;;
+FB61;ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 067A;;;;N;;;;;
+FB62;ARABIC LETTER TEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 067F;;;;N;;;;;
+FB63;ARABIC LETTER TEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 067F;;;;N;;;;;
+FB64;ARABIC LETTER TEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 067F;;;;N;;;;;
+FB65;ARABIC LETTER TEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 067F;;;;N;;;;;
+FB66;ARABIC LETTER TTEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0679;;;;N;;;;;
+FB67;ARABIC LETTER TTEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0679;;;;N;;;;;
+FB68;ARABIC LETTER TTEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0679;;;;N;;;;;
+FB69;ARABIC LETTER TTEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0679;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6A;ARABIC LETTER VEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06A4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6B;ARABIC LETTER VEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06A4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6C;ARABIC LETTER VEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06A4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6D;ARABIC LETTER VEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06A4;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6E;ARABIC LETTER PEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06A6;;;;N;;;;;
+FB6F;ARABIC LETTER PEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06A6;;;;N;;;;;
+FB70;ARABIC LETTER PEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06A6;;;;N;;;;;
+FB71;ARABIC LETTER PEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06A6;;;;N;;;;;
+FB72;ARABIC LETTER DYEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0684;;;;N;;;;;
+FB73;ARABIC LETTER DYEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0684;;;;N;;;;;
+FB74;ARABIC LETTER DYEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0684;;;;N;;;;;
+FB75;ARABIC LETTER DYEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0684;;;;N;;;;;
+FB76;ARABIC LETTER NYEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0683;;;;N;;;;;
+FB77;ARABIC LETTER NYEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0683;;;;N;;;;;
+FB78;ARABIC LETTER NYEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0683;;;;N;;;;;
+FB79;ARABIC LETTER NYEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0683;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7A;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0686;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7B;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0686;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7C;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0686;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7D;ARABIC LETTER TCHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0686;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7E;ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0687;;;;N;;;;;
+FB7F;ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0687;;;;N;;;;;
+FB80;ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0687;;;;N;;;;;
+FB81;ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0687;;;;N;;;;;
+FB82;ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 068D;;;;N;;;;;
+FB83;ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 068D;;;;N;;;;;
+FB84;ARABIC LETTER DAHAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 068C;;;;N;;;;;
+FB85;ARABIC LETTER DAHAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 068C;;;;N;;;;;
+FB86;ARABIC LETTER DUL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 068E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB87;ARABIC LETTER DUL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 068E;;;;N;;;;;
+FB88;ARABIC LETTER DDAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0688;;;;N;;;;;
+FB89;ARABIC LETTER DDAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0688;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8A;ARABIC LETTER JEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0698;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8B;ARABIC LETTER JEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0698;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8C;ARABIC LETTER RREH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0691;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8D;ARABIC LETTER RREH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0691;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8E;ARABIC LETTER KEHEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FB8F;ARABIC LETTER KEHEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FB90;ARABIC LETTER KEHEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FB91;ARABIC LETTER KEHEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FB92;ARABIC LETTER GAF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06AF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB93;ARABIC LETTER GAF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06AF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB94;ARABIC LETTER GAF INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06AF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB95;ARABIC LETTER GAF MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06AF;;;;N;;;;;
+FB96;ARABIC LETTER GUEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06B3;;;;N;;;;;
+FB97;ARABIC LETTER GUEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06B3;;;;N;;;;;
+FB98;ARABIC LETTER GUEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06B3;;;;N;;;;;
+FB99;ARABIC LETTER GUEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06B3;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9A;ARABIC LETTER NGOEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06B1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9B;ARABIC LETTER NGOEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06B1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9C;ARABIC LETTER NGOEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06B1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9D;ARABIC LETTER NGOEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06B1;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9E;ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06BA;;;;N;;;;;
+FB9F;ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06BA;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA0;ARABIC LETTER RNOON ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06BB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA1;ARABIC LETTER RNOON FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06BB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA2;ARABIC LETTER RNOON INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06BB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA3;ARABIC LETTER RNOON MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06BB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA4;ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA5;ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA6;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA7;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA8;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FBA9;ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAA;ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06BE;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAB;ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06BE;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAC;ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06BE;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAD;ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06BE;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAE;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06D2;;;;N;;;;;
+FBAF;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06D2;;;;N;;;;;
+FBB0;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06D3;;;;N;;;;;
+FBB1;ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06D3;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD3;ARABIC LETTER NG ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06AD;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD4;ARABIC LETTER NG FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06AD;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD5;ARABIC LETTER NG INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06AD;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD6;ARABIC LETTER NG MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06AD;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD7;ARABIC LETTER U ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C7;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD8;ARABIC LETTER U FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C7;;;;N;;;;;
+FBD9;ARABIC LETTER OE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C6;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDA;ARABIC LETTER OE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C6;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDB;ARABIC LETTER YU ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C8;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDC;ARABIC LETTER YU FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C8;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDD;ARABIC LETTER U WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0677;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDE;ARABIC LETTER VE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06CB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBDF;ARABIC LETTER VE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06CB;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE0;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C5;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE1;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ OE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C5;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE2;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06C9;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE3;ARABIC LETTER KIRGHIZ YU FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06C9;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE4;ARABIC LETTER E ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE5;ARABIC LETTER E FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE6;ARABIC LETTER E INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE7;ARABIC LETTER E MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE8;ARABIC LETTER UIGHUR KAZAKH KIRGHIZ ALEF MAKSURA INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FBE9;ARABIC LETTER UIGHUR KAZAKH KIRGHIZ ALEF MAKSURA MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FBEA;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 0627;;;;N;;;;;
+FBEB;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 0627;;;;N;;;;;
+FBEC;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 06D5;;;;N;;;;;
+FBED;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH AE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 06D5;;;;N;;;;;
+FBEE;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH WAW ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 0648;;;;N;;;;;
+FBEF;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH WAW FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 0648;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF0;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH U ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 06C7;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF1;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH U FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 06C7;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF2;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH OE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 06C6;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF3;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH OE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 06C6;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF4;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH YU ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 06C8;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF5;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH YU FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 06C8;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF6;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH E ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF7;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH E FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF8;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH E INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0626 06D0;;;;N;;;;;
+FBF9;ARABIC LIGATURE UIGHUR KIRGHIZ YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFA;ARABIC LIGATURE UIGHUR KIRGHIZ YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFB;ARABIC LIGATURE UIGHUR KIRGHIZ YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF MAKSURA INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0626 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFC;ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 06CC;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFD;ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 06CC;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFE;ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 06CC;;;;N;;;;;
+FBFF;ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 06CC;;;;N;;;;;
+FC00;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC01;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC02;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC03;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC04;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC05;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC06;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC07;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC08;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC09;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0A;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0B;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0C;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0D;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0E;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC0F;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC10;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC11;ARABIC LIGATURE THEH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062B 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC12;ARABIC LIGATURE THEH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062B 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC13;ARABIC LIGATURE THEH WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062B 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC14;ARABIC LIGATURE THEH WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062B 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC15;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062C 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC16;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC17;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062D 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC18;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC19;ARABIC LIGATURE KHAH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062E 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1A;ARABIC LIGATURE KHAH WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062E 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1B;ARABIC LIGATURE KHAH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1C;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0633 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1D;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0633 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1E;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0633 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC1F;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0633 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC20;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC21;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC22;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0636 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC23;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0636 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC24;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0636 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC25;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0636 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC26;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0637 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC27;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0637 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC28;ARABIC LIGATURE ZAH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0638 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC29;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0639 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2A;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0639 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2B;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 063A 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2C;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 063A 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2D;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2E;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC2F;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC30;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC31;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC32;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC33;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC34;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC35;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC36;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC37;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH ALEF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 0627;;;;N;;;;;
+FC38;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC39;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3A;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3B;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH LAM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 0644;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3C;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3D;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3E;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC3F;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC40;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC41;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC42;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC43;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC44;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC45;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC46;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC47;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC48;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FC49;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FC4A;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FC4B;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0646 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FC4C;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0646 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FC4D;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0646 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FC4E;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0646 0645;;;;N;;;;;
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+FD11;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0637 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD12;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0637 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD13;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD14;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD15;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD16;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD17;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD18;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD19;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1A;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1B;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1C;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1D;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1E;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD1F;ARABIC LIGATURE KHAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062E 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD20;ARABIC LIGATURE KHAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062E 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD21;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD22;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD23;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD24;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD25;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH JEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD26;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD27;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH KHAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD28;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD29;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH REH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 0631;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2A;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH REH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 0631;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2B;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH REH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 0631;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2C;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH REH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 0631;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2D;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2E;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD2F;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH KHAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD30;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD31;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH HEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 0647;;;;N;;;;;
+FD32;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 0647;;;;N;;;;;
+FD33;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0637 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD34;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH JEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0633 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD35;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH HAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0633 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD36;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH KHAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0633 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD37;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH JEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0634 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD38;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0634 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD39;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH KHAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0634 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3A;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0637 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3B;ARABIC LIGATURE ZAH WITH MEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0638 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3C;ARABIC LIGATURE ALEF WITH FATHATAN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0627 064B;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3D;ARABIC LIGATURE ALEF WITH FATHATAN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0627 064B;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3E;ORNATE LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+FD3F;ORNATE RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+FD50;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD51;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH HAH WITH JEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 062D 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD52;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH HAH WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 062D 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD53;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH HAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD54;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD55;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 0645 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD56;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD57;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM WITH KHAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A 0645 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD58;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH MEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD59;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062C 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5A;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5B;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5C;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH HAH WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 062D 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5D;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH JEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 062C 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5E;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH JEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 062C 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD5F;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD60;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD61;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 0645 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD62;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD63;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD64;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH HAH WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 062D 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD65;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH HAH WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0635 062D 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD66;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD67;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD68;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD69;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6A;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM WITH KHAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 0645 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6B;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM WITH KHAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 0645 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6C;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6D;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6E;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH HAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 062D 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD6F;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH KHAH WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD70;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0636 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD71;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0637 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD72;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0637 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD73;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0637 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD74;ARABIC LIGATURE TAH WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0637 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD75;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH JEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD76;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD77;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0639 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD78;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD79;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7A;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7B;ARABIC LIGATURE GHAIN WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7C;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH KHAH WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0641 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7D;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0641 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7E;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH MEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0642 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD7F;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0642 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD80;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH HAH WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD81;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD82;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH HAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062D 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD83;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644 062C 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD84;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM WITH JEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062C 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD85;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH KHAH WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD86;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD87;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH MEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD88;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD89;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH HAH WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062D 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8A;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH HAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8B;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0645 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8C;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062C 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8D;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8E;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH KHAH WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062E 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD8F;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH KHAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062E 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD92;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM WITH KHAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645 062C 062E;;;;N;;;;;
+FD93;ARABIC LIGATURE HEH WITH MEEM WITH JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0647 0645 062C;;;;N;;;;;
+FD94;ARABIC LIGATURE HEH WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0647 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
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+FD96;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH HAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062D 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD97;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD98;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0646 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD99;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062C 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9A;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9B;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9C;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 064A 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9D;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 064A 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9E;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH KHAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0628 062E 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FD9F;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA0;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH JEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 062C 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA1;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH KHAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 062E 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA2;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH KHAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 062E 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA3;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA4;ARABIC LIGATURE TEH WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA5;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA6;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH HAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 062D 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA7;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH MEEM WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 0645 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA8;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH KHAH WITH ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 062E 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDA9;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAA;ARABIC LIGATURE SHEEN WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAB;ARABIC LIGATURE DAD WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAC;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAD;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAE;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 064A 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDAF;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 064A 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB0;ARABIC LIGATURE YEH WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 064A 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB1;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0645 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB2;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0642 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB3;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB4;ARABIC LIGATURE QAF WITH MEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0642 0645 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB5;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH HAH WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644 062D 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB6;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB7;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0643 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB8;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0646 062C 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FDB9;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH KHAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0645 062E 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBA;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBB;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH MEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0643 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBC;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH JEEM WITH MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBD;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062C 062D;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBE;ARABIC LIGATURE JEEM WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDBF;ARABIC LIGATURE HAH WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC0;ARABIC LIGATURE MEEM WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0645 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC1;ARABIC LIGATURE FEH WITH MEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0641 0645 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC2;ARABIC LIGATURE BEH WITH HAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0628 062D 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC3;ARABIC LIGATURE KAF WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0643 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC4;ARABIC LIGATURE AIN WITH JEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0639 062C 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC5;ARABIC LIGATURE SAD WITH MEEM WITH MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0635 0645 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC6;ARABIC LIGATURE SEEN WITH KHAH WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633 062E 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDC7;ARABIC LIGATURE NOON WITH JEEM WITH YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646 062C 064A;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF0;ARABIC LIGATURE SALLA USED AS KORANIC STOP SIGN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 0644 06D2;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF1;ARABIC LIGATURE QALA USED AS KORANIC STOP SIGN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642 0644 06D2;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF2;ARABIC LIGATURE ALLAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0627 0644 0644 0647;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF3;ARABIC LIGATURE AKBAR ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0627 0643 0628 0631;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF4;ARABIC LIGATURE MOHAMMAD ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645 062D 0645 062F;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF5;ARABIC LIGATURE SALAM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 0644 0639 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF6;ARABIC LIGATURE RASOUL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0631 0633 0648 0644;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF7;ARABIC LIGATURE ALAYHE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0639 0644 064A 0647;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF8;ARABIC LIGATURE WASALLAM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0648 0633 0644 0645;;;;N;;;;;
+FDF9;ARABIC LIGATURE SALLA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 0644 0649;;;;N;;;;;
+FDFA;ARABIC LIGATURE SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASALLAM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635 0644 0649 0020 0627 0644 0644 0647 0020 0639 0644 064A 0647 0020 0648 0633 0644 0645;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER SALLALLAHOU ALAYHE WASALLAM;;;;
+FDFB;ARABIC LIGATURE JALLAJALALOUHOU;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062C 0644 0020 062C 0644 0627 0644 0647;;;;N;ARABIC LETTER JALLAJALALOUHOU;;;;
+FE20;COMBINING LIGATURE LEFT HALF;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+FE21;COMBINING LIGATURE RIGHT HALF;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+FE22;COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE LEFT HALF;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+FE23;COMBINING DOUBLE TILDE RIGHT HALF;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+FE30;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL TWO DOT LEADER;Po;0;ON;<vertical> 2025;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL TWO DOT LEADER;;;;
+FE31;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EM DASH;Pd;0;ON;<vertical> 2014;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL EM DASH;;;;
+FE32;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL EN DASH;Pd;0;ON;<vertical> 2013;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL EN DASH;;;;
+FE33;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<vertical> 005F;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL SPACING UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FE34;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL WAVY LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<vertical> 005F;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL SPACING WAVY UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FE35;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 0028;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FE36;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 0029;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FE37;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT CURLY BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 007B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FE38;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT CURLY BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 007D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FE39;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 3014;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+FE3A;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 3015;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+FE3B;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 3010;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+FE3C;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 3011;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING BLACK LENTICULAR BRACKET;;;;
+FE3D;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 300A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET;;;;
+FE3E;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 300B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING DOUBLE ANGLE BRACKET;;;;
+FE3F;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT ANGLE BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 3008;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING ANGLE BRACKET;;;;
+FE40;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT ANGLE BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 3009;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING ANGLE BRACKET;;;;
+FE41;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT CORNER BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 300C;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FE42;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT CORNER BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 300D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FE43;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LEFT WHITE CORNER BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<vertical> 300E;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL OPENING WHITE CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FE44;PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL RIGHT WHITE CORNER BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<vertical> 300F;;;;N;GLYPH FOR VERTICAL CLOSING WHITE CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FE49;DASHED OVERLINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 203E;;;;N;SPACING DASHED OVERSCORE;;;;
+FE4A;CENTRELINE OVERLINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 203E;;;;N;SPACING CENTERLINE OVERSCORE;;;;
+FE4B;WAVY OVERLINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 203E;;;;N;SPACING WAVY OVERSCORE;;;;
+FE4C;DOUBLE WAVY OVERLINE;Po;0;ON;<compat> 203E;;;;N;SPACING DOUBLE WAVY OVERSCORE;;;;
+FE4D;DASHED LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<compat> 005F;;;;N;SPACING DASHED UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FE4E;CENTRELINE LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<compat> 005F;;;;N;SPACING CENTERLINE UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FE4F;WAVY LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<compat> 005F;;;;N;SPACING WAVY UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FE50;SMALL COMMA;Po;0;CS;<small> 002C;;;;N;;;;;
+FE51;SMALL IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA;Po;0;ON;<small> 3001;;;;N;;;;;
+FE52;SMALL FULL STOP;Po;0;CS;<small> 002E;;;;N;SMALL PERIOD;;;;
+FE54;SMALL SEMICOLON;Po;0;ON;<small> 003B;;;;N;;;;;
+FE55;SMALL COLON;Po;0;CS;<small> 003A;;;;N;;;;;
+FE56;SMALL QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;<small> 003F;;;;N;;;;;
+FE57;SMALL EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;<small> 0021;;;;N;;;;;
+FE58;SMALL EM DASH;Pd;0;ON;<small> 2014;;;;N;;;;;
+FE59;SMALL LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;<small> 0028;;;;N;SMALL OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FE5A;SMALL RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;<small> 0029;;;;N;SMALL CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FE5B;SMALL LEFT CURLY BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<small> 007B;;;;N;SMALL OPENING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FE5C;SMALL RIGHT CURLY BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<small> 007D;;;;N;SMALL CLOSING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FE5D;SMALL LEFT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<small> 3014;;;;N;SMALL OPENING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+FE5E;SMALL RIGHT TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<small> 3015;;;;N;SMALL CLOSING TORTOISE SHELL BRACKET;;;;
+FE5F;SMALL NUMBER SIGN;Po;0;ET;<small> 0023;;;;N;;;;;
+FE60;SMALL AMPERSAND;Po;0;ON;<small> 0026;;;;N;;;;;
+FE61;SMALL ASTERISK;Po;0;ON;<small> 002A;;;;N;;;;;
+FE62;SMALL PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;<small> 002B;;;;N;;;;;
+FE63;SMALL HYPHEN-MINUS;Pd;0;ET;<small> 002D;;;;N;;;;;
+FE64;SMALL LESS-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<small> 003C;;;;N;;;;;
+FE65;SMALL GREATER-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<small> 003E;;;;N;;;;;
+FE66;SMALL EQUALS SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<small> 003D;;;;N;;;;;
+FE68;SMALL REVERSE SOLIDUS;Po;0;ON;<small> 005C;;;;N;SMALL BACKSLASH;;;;
+FE69;SMALL DOLLAR SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<small> 0024;;;;N;;;;;
+FE6A;SMALL PERCENT SIGN;Po;0;ET;<small> 0025;;;;N;;;;;
+FE6B;SMALL COMMERCIAL AT;Po;0;ON;<small> 0040;;;;N;;;;;
+FE70;ARABIC FATHATAN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 064B;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING FATHATAN;;;;
+FE71;ARABIC TATWEEL WITH FATHATAN ABOVE;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 064B;;;;N;ARABIC FATHATAN ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE72;ARABIC DAMMATAN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 064C;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING DAMMATAN;;;;
+FE74;ARABIC KASRATAN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 064D;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING KASRATAN;;;;
+FE76;ARABIC FATHA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 064E;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING FATHAH;;;;
+FE77;ARABIC FATHA MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 064E;;;;N;ARABIC FATHAH ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE78;ARABIC DAMMA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 064F;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING DAMMAH;;;;
+FE79;ARABIC DAMMA MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 064F;;;;N;ARABIC DAMMAH ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE7A;ARABIC KASRA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 0650;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING KASRAH;;;;
+FE7B;ARABIC KASRA MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 0650;;;;N;ARABIC KASRAH ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE7C;ARABIC SHADDA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 0651;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING SHADDAH;;;;
+FE7D;ARABIC SHADDA MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 0651;;;;N;ARABIC SHADDAH ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE7E;ARABIC SUKUN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0020 0652;;;;N;ARABIC SPACING SUKUN;;;;
+FE7F;ARABIC SUKUN MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0640 0652;;;;N;ARABIC SUKUN ON TATWEEL;;;;
+FE80;ARABIC LETTER HAMZA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0621;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH;;;;
+FE81;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0622;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC MADDAH ON ALEF;;;;
+FE82;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0622;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC MADDAH ON ALEF;;;;
+FE83;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0623;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH ON ALEF;;;;
+FE84;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0623;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON ALEF;;;;
+FE85;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0624;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH ON WAW;;;;
+FE86;ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0624;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON WAW;;;;
+FE87;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0625;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH UNDER ALEF;;;;
+FE88;ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0625;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH UNDER ALEF;;;;
+FE89;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0626;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH ON YA;;;;
+FE8A;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0626;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON YA;;;;
+FE8B;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0626;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON YA;;;;
+FE8C;ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0626;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON YA;;;;
+FE8D;ARABIC LETTER ALEF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0627;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC ALEF;;;;
+FE8E;ARABIC LETTER ALEF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0627;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC ALEF;;;;
+FE8F;ARABIC LETTER BEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0628;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC BAA;;;;
+FE90;ARABIC LETTER BEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0628;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC BAA;;;;
+FE91;ARABIC LETTER BEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0628;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC BAA;;;;
+FE92;ARABIC LETTER BEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0628;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC BAA;;;;
+FE93;ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0629;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC TAA MARBUTAH;;;;
+FE94;ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0629;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC TAA MARBUTAH;;;;
+FE95;ARABIC LETTER TEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC TAA;;;;
+FE96;ARABIC LETTER TEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC TAA;;;;
+FE97;ARABIC LETTER TEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC TAA;;;;
+FE98;ARABIC LETTER TEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 062A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC TAA;;;;
+FE99;ARABIC LETTER THEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC THAA;;;;
+FE9A;ARABIC LETTER THEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC THAA;;;;
+FE9B;ARABIC LETTER THEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC THAA;;;;
+FE9C;ARABIC LETTER THEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 062B;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC THAA;;;;
+FE9D;ARABIC LETTER JEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062C;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC JEEM;;;;
+FE9E;ARABIC LETTER JEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062C;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC JEEM;;;;
+FE9F;ARABIC LETTER JEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062C;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC JEEM;;;;
+FEA0;ARABIC LETTER JEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 062C;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC JEEM;;;;
+FEA1;ARABIC LETTER HAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAA;;;;
+FEA2;ARABIC LETTER HAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAA;;;;
+FEA3;ARABIC LETTER HAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC HAA;;;;
+FEA4;ARABIC LETTER HAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 062D;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC HAA;;;;
+FEA5;ARABIC LETTER KHAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062E;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC KHAA;;;;
+FEA6;ARABIC LETTER KHAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062E;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC KHAA;;;;
+FEA7;ARABIC LETTER KHAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 062E;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC KHAA;;;;
+FEA8;ARABIC LETTER KHAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 062E;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC KHAA;;;;
+FEA9;ARABIC LETTER DAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 062F;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC DAL;;;;
+FEAA;ARABIC LETTER DAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 062F;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC DAL;;;;
+FEAB;ARABIC LETTER THAL ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0630;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC THAL;;;;
+FEAC;ARABIC LETTER THAL FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0630;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC THAL;;;;
+FEAD;ARABIC LETTER REH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0631;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC RA;;;;
+FEAE;ARABIC LETTER REH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0631;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC RA;;;;
+FEAF;ARABIC LETTER ZAIN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0632;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC ZAIN;;;;
+FEB0;ARABIC LETTER ZAIN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0632;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC ZAIN;;;;
+FEB1;ARABIC LETTER SEEN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0633;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC SEEN;;;;
+FEB2;ARABIC LETTER SEEN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0633;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC SEEN;;;;
+FEB3;ARABIC LETTER SEEN INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0633;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC SEEN;;;;
+FEB4;ARABIC LETTER SEEN MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0633;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC SEEN;;;;
+FEB5;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0634;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC SHEEN;;;;
+FEB6;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0634;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC SHEEN;;;;
+FEB7;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0634;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC SHEEN;;;;
+FEB8;ARABIC LETTER SHEEN MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0634;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC SHEEN;;;;
+FEB9;ARABIC LETTER SAD ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0635;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC SAD;;;;
+FEBA;ARABIC LETTER SAD FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0635;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC SAD;;;;
+FEBB;ARABIC LETTER SAD INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0635;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC SAD;;;;
+FEBC;ARABIC LETTER SAD MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0635;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC SAD;;;;
+FEBD;ARABIC LETTER DAD ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0636;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC DAD;;;;
+FEBE;ARABIC LETTER DAD FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0636;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC DAD;;;;
+FEBF;ARABIC LETTER DAD INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0636;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC DAD;;;;
+FEC0;ARABIC LETTER DAD MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0636;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC DAD;;;;
+FEC1;ARABIC LETTER TAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0637;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC TAH;;;;
+FEC2;ARABIC LETTER TAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0637;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC TAH;;;;
+FEC3;ARABIC LETTER TAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0637;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC TAH;;;;
+FEC4;ARABIC LETTER TAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0637;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC TAH;;;;
+FEC5;ARABIC LETTER ZAH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0638;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC DHAH;;;;
+FEC6;ARABIC LETTER ZAH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0638;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC DHAH;;;;
+FEC7;ARABIC LETTER ZAH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0638;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC DHAH;;;;
+FEC8;ARABIC LETTER ZAH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0638;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC DHAH;;;;
+FEC9;ARABIC LETTER AIN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0639;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC AIN;;;;
+FECA;ARABIC LETTER AIN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0639;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC AIN;;;;
+FECB;ARABIC LETTER AIN INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0639;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC AIN;;;;
+FECC;ARABIC LETTER AIN MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0639;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC AIN;;;;
+FECD;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 063A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC GHAIN;;;;
+FECE;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 063A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC GHAIN;;;;
+FECF;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 063A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC GHAIN;;;;
+FED0;ARABIC LETTER GHAIN MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 063A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC GHAIN;;;;
+FED1;ARABIC LETTER FEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0641;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC FA;;;;
+FED2;ARABIC LETTER FEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0641;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC FA;;;;
+FED3;ARABIC LETTER FEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0641;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC FA;;;;
+FED4;ARABIC LETTER FEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0641;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC FA;;;;
+FED5;ARABIC LETTER QAF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0642;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC QAF;;;;
+FED6;ARABIC LETTER QAF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0642;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC QAF;;;;
+FED7;ARABIC LETTER QAF INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0642;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC QAF;;;;
+FED8;ARABIC LETTER QAF MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0642;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC QAF;;;;
+FED9;ARABIC LETTER KAF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0643;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC CAF;;;;
+FEDA;ARABIC LETTER KAF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0643;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC CAF;;;;
+FEDB;ARABIC LETTER KAF INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0643;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC CAF;;;;
+FEDC;ARABIC LETTER KAF MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0643;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC CAF;;;;
+FEDD;ARABIC LETTER LAM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC LAM;;;;
+FEDE;ARABIC LETTER LAM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC LAM;;;;
+FEDF;ARABIC LETTER LAM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0644;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC LAM;;;;
+FEE0;ARABIC LETTER LAM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0644;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC LAM;;;;
+FEE1;ARABIC LETTER MEEM ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0645;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC MEEM;;;;
+FEE2;ARABIC LETTER MEEM FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0645;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC MEEM;;;;
+FEE3;ARABIC LETTER MEEM INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0645;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC MEEM;;;;
+FEE4;ARABIC LETTER MEEM MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0645;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC MEEM;;;;
+FEE5;ARABIC LETTER NOON ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0646;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC NOON;;;;
+FEE6;ARABIC LETTER NOON FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0646;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC NOON;;;;
+FEE7;ARABIC LETTER NOON INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0646;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC NOON;;;;
+FEE8;ARABIC LETTER NOON MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0646;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC NOON;;;;
+FEE9;ARABIC LETTER HEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0647;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HA;;;;
+FEEA;ARABIC LETTER HEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0647;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HA;;;;
+FEEB;ARABIC LETTER HEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 0647;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC HA;;;;
+FEEC;ARABIC LETTER HEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 0647;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC HA;;;;
+FEED;ARABIC LETTER WAW ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0648;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC WAW;;;;
+FEEE;ARABIC LETTER WAW FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0648;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC WAW;;;;
+FEEF;ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0649;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC ALEF MAQSURAH;;;;
+FEF0;ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0649;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC ALEF MAQSURAH;;;;
+FEF1;ARABIC LETTER YEH ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 064A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC YA;;;;
+FEF2;ARABIC LETTER YEH FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 064A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC YA;;;;
+FEF3;ARABIC LETTER YEH INITIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<initial> 064A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR INITIAL ARABIC YA;;;;
+FEF4;ARABIC LETTER YEH MEDIAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<medial> 064A;;;;N;GLYPH FOR MEDIAL ARABIC YA;;;;
+FEF5;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0622;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC MADDAH ON LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEF6;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0622;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC MADDAH ON LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEF7;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0623;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH ON LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEF8;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0623;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH ON LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEF9;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0625;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC HAMZAH UNDER LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEFA;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0625;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC HAMZAH UNDER LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEFB;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF ISOLATED FORM;Lo;0;AL;<isolated> 0644 0627;;;;N;GLYPH FOR ISOLATE ARABIC LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEFC;ARABIC LIGATURE LAM WITH ALEF FINAL FORM;Lo;0;AL;<final> 0644 0627;;;;N;GLYPH FOR FINAL ARABIC LIGATURE LAM ALEF;;;;
+FEFF;ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;BYTE ORDER MARK;;;;
+FF01;FULLWIDTH EXCLAMATION MARK;Po;0;ON;<wide> 0021;;;;N;;;;;
+FF02;FULLWIDTH QUOTATION MARK;Po;0;ON;<wide> 0022;;;;N;;;;;
+FF03;FULLWIDTH NUMBER SIGN;Po;0;ET;<wide> 0023;;;;N;;;;;
+FF04;FULLWIDTH DOLLAR SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<wide> 0024;;;;N;;;;;
+FF05;FULLWIDTH PERCENT SIGN;Po;0;ET;<wide> 0025;;;;N;;;;;
+FF06;FULLWIDTH AMPERSAND;Po;0;ON;<wide> 0026;;;;N;;;;;
+FF07;FULLWIDTH APOSTROPHE;Po;0;ON;<wide> 0027;;;;N;;;;;
+FF08;FULLWIDTH LEFT PARENTHESIS;Ps;0;ON;<wide> 0028;;;;N;FULLWIDTH OPENING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FF09;FULLWIDTH RIGHT PARENTHESIS;Pe;0;ON;<wide> 0029;;;;N;FULLWIDTH CLOSING PARENTHESIS;;;;
+FF0A;FULLWIDTH ASTERISK;Po;0;ON;<wide> 002A;;;;N;;;;;
+FF0B;FULLWIDTH PLUS SIGN;Sm;0;ET;<wide> 002B;;;;N;;;;;
+FF0C;FULLWIDTH COMMA;Po;0;CS;<wide> 002C;;;;N;;;;;
+FF0D;FULLWIDTH HYPHEN-MINUS;Pd;0;ET;<wide> 002D;;;;N;;;;;
+FF0E;FULLWIDTH FULL STOP;Po;0;CS;<wide> 002E;;;;N;FULLWIDTH PERIOD;;;;
+FF0F;FULLWIDTH SOLIDUS;Po;0;ES;<wide> 002F;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SLASH;;;;
+FF10;FULLWIDTH DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+FF11;FULLWIDTH DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+FF12;FULLWIDTH DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+FF13;FULLWIDTH DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+FF14;FULLWIDTH DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+FF15;FULLWIDTH DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+FF16;FULLWIDTH DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+FF17;FULLWIDTH DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+FF18;FULLWIDTH DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+FF19;FULLWIDTH DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<wide> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+FF1A;FULLWIDTH COLON;Po;0;CS;<wide> 003A;;;;N;;;;;
+FF1B;FULLWIDTH SEMICOLON;Po;0;ON;<wide> 003B;;;;N;;;;;
+FF1C;FULLWIDTH LESS-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 003C;;;;N;;;;;
+FF1D;FULLWIDTH EQUALS SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 003D;;;;N;;;;;
+FF1E;FULLWIDTH GREATER-THAN SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 003E;;;;N;;;;;
+FF1F;FULLWIDTH QUESTION MARK;Po;0;ON;<wide> 003F;;;;N;;;;;
+FF20;FULLWIDTH COMMERCIAL AT;Po;0;ON;<wide> 0040;;;;N;;;;;
+FF21;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0041;;;;N;;;;FF41;
+FF22;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0042;;;;N;;;;FF42;
+FF23;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0043;;;;N;;;;FF43;
+FF24;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0044;;;;N;;;;FF44;
+FF25;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0045;;;;N;;;;FF45;
+FF26;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0046;;;;N;;;;FF46;
+FF27;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0047;;;;N;;;;FF47;
+FF28;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0048;;;;N;;;;FF48;
+FF29;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0049;;;;N;;;;FF49;
+FF2A;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004A;;;;N;;;;FF4A;
+FF2B;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004B;;;;N;;;;FF4B;
+FF2C;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004C;;;;N;;;;FF4C;
+FF2D;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004D;;;;N;;;;FF4D;
+FF2E;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004E;;;;N;;;;FF4E;
+FF2F;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O;Lu;0;L;<wide> 004F;;;;N;;;;FF4F;
+FF30;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0050;;;;N;;;;FF50;
+FF31;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0051;;;;N;;;;FF51;
+FF32;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0052;;;;N;;;;FF52;
+FF33;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0053;;;;N;;;;FF53;
+FF34;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0054;;;;N;;;;FF54;
+FF35;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0055;;;;N;;;;FF55;
+FF36;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0056;;;;N;;;;FF56;
+FF37;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0057;;;;N;;;;FF57;
+FF38;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0058;;;;N;;;;FF58;
+FF39;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y;Lu;0;L;<wide> 0059;;;;N;;;;FF59;
+FF3A;FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z;Lu;0;L;<wide> 005A;;;;N;;;;FF5A;
+FF3B;FULLWIDTH LEFT SQUARE BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<wide> 005B;;;;N;FULLWIDTH OPENING SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+FF3C;FULLWIDTH REVERSE SOLIDUS;Po;0;ON;<wide> 005C;;;;N;FULLWIDTH BACKSLASH;;;;
+FF3D;FULLWIDTH RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<wide> 005D;;;;N;FULLWIDTH CLOSING SQUARE BRACKET;;;;
+FF3E;FULLWIDTH CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;<wide> 005E;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SPACING CIRCUMFLEX;;;;
+FF3F;FULLWIDTH LOW LINE;Pc;0;ON;<wide> 005F;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SPACING UNDERSCORE;;;;
+FF40;FULLWIDTH GRAVE ACCENT;Sk;0;ON;<wide> 0060;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SPACING GRAVE;;;;
+FF41;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER A;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0061;;;;N;;;FF21;;FF21
+FF42;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER B;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0062;;;;N;;;FF22;;FF22
+FF43;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER C;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0063;;;;N;;;FF23;;FF23
+FF44;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER D;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0064;;;;N;;;FF24;;FF24
+FF45;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER E;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0065;;;;N;;;FF25;;FF25
+FF46;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER F;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0066;;;;N;;;FF26;;FF26
+FF47;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER G;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0067;;;;N;;;FF27;;FF27
+FF48;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER H;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0068;;;;N;;;FF28;;FF28
+FF49;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER I;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0069;;;;N;;;FF29;;FF29
+FF4A;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER J;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006A;;;;N;;;FF2A;;FF2A
+FF4B;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER K;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006B;;;;N;;;FF2B;;FF2B
+FF4C;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER L;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006C;;;;N;;;FF2C;;FF2C
+FF4D;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER M;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006D;;;;N;;;FF2D;;FF2D
+FF4E;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER N;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006E;;;;N;;;FF2E;;FF2E
+FF4F;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O;Ll;0;L;<wide> 006F;;;;N;;;FF2F;;FF2F
+FF50;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER P;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0070;;;;N;;;FF30;;FF30
+FF51;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER Q;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0071;;;;N;;;FF31;;FF31
+FF52;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER R;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0072;;;;N;;;FF32;;FF32
+FF53;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER S;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0073;;;;N;;;FF33;;FF33
+FF54;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER T;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0074;;;;N;;;FF34;;FF34
+FF55;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER U;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0075;;;;N;;;FF35;;FF35
+FF56;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER V;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0076;;;;N;;;FF36;;FF36
+FF57;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER W;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0077;;;;N;;;FF37;;FF37
+FF58;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER X;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0078;;;;N;;;FF38;;FF38
+FF59;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER Y;Ll;0;L;<wide> 0079;;;;N;;;FF39;;FF39
+FF5A;FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER Z;Ll;0;L;<wide> 007A;;;;N;;;FF3A;;FF3A
+FF5B;FULLWIDTH LEFT CURLY BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<wide> 007B;;;;N;FULLWIDTH OPENING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FF5C;FULLWIDTH VERTICAL LINE;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 007C;;;;N;FULLWIDTH VERTICAL BAR;;;;
+FF5D;FULLWIDTH RIGHT CURLY BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<wide> 007D;;;;N;FULLWIDTH CLOSING CURLY BRACKET;;;;
+FF5E;FULLWIDTH TILDE;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 007E;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SPACING TILDE;;;;
+FF61;HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC FULL STOP;Po;0;ON;<narrow> 3002;;;;N;HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC PERIOD;;;;
+FF62;HALFWIDTH LEFT CORNER BRACKET;Ps;0;ON;<narrow> 300C;;;;N;HALFWIDTH OPENING CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FF63;HALFWIDTH RIGHT CORNER BRACKET;Pe;0;ON;<narrow> 300D;;;;N;HALFWIDTH CLOSING CORNER BRACKET;;;;
+FF64;HALFWIDTH IDEOGRAPHIC COMMA;Po;0;ON;<narrow> 3001;;;;N;;;;;
+FF65;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA MIDDLE DOT;Pc;0;ON;<narrow> 30FB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF66;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER WO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30F2;;;;N;;;;;
+FF67;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL A;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A1;;;;N;;;;;
+FF68;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL I;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A3;;;;N;;;;;
+FF69;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL U;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A5;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6A;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL E;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A7;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6B;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL O;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6C;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E3;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6D;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E5;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6E;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL YO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E7;;;;N;;;;;
+FF6F;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SMALL TU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30C3;;;;N;;;;;
+FF70;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA-HIRAGANA PROLONGED SOUND MARK;Lm;0;L;<narrow> 30FC;;;;N;;;;;
+FF71;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER A;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A2;;;;N;;;;;
+FF72;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER I;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A4;;;;N;;;;;
+FF73;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER U;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A6;;;;N;;;;;
+FF74;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER E;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30A8;;;;N;;;;;
+FF75;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER O;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30AA;;;;N;;;;;
+FF76;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30AB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF77;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30AD;;;;N;;;;;
+FF78;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30AF;;;;N;;;;;
+FF79;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30B1;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7A;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER KO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30B3;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7B;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30B5;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7C;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30B7;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7D;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30B9;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7E;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30BB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF7F;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER SO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30BD;;;;N;;;;;
+FF80;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30BF;;;;N;;;;;
+FF81;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30C1;;;;N;;;;;
+FF82;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30C4;;;;N;;;;;
+FF83;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30C6;;;;N;;;;;
+FF84;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER TO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30C8;;;;N;;;;;
+FF85;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CA;;;;N;;;;;
+FF86;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF87;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CC;;;;N;;;;;
+FF88;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CD;;;;N;;;;;
+FF89;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER NO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CE;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8A;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30CF;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8B;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30D2;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8C;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30D5;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8D;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30D8;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8E;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER HO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30DB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF8F;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30DE;;;;N;;;;;
+FF90;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30DF;;;;N;;;;;
+FF91;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E0;;;;N;;;;;
+FF92;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER ME;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E1;;;;N;;;;;
+FF93;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER MO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E2;;;;N;;;;;
+FF94;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E4;;;;N;;;;;
+FF95;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E6;;;;N;;;;;
+FF96;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E8;;;;N;;;;;
+FF97;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30E9;;;;N;;;;;
+FF98;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30EA;;;;N;;;;;
+FF99;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30EB;;;;N;;;;;
+FF9A;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30EC;;;;N;;;;;
+FF9B;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER RO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30ED;;;;N;;;;;
+FF9C;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30EF;;;;N;;;;;
+FF9D;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA LETTER N;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 30F3;;;;N;;;;;
+FF9E;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA VOICED SOUND MARK;Lm;0;L;<narrow> 3099;;;;N;;halfwidth katakana-hiragana voiced sound mark;;;
+FF9F;HALFWIDTH KATAKANA SEMI-VOICED SOUND MARK;Lm;0;L;<narrow> 309A;;;;N;;halfwidth katakana-hiragana semi-voiced sound mark;;;
+FFA0;HALFWIDTH HANGUL FILLER;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3164;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL CAE OM;;;;
+FFA1;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3131;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER GIYEOG;;;;
+FFA2;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANGKIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3132;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANG GIYEOG;;;;
+FFA3;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3133;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER GIYEOG SIOS;;;;
+FFA4;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER NIEUN;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3134;;;;N;;;;;
+FFA5;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3135;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER NIEUN JIEUJ;;;;
+FFA6;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER NIEUN-HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3136;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER NIEUN HIEUH;;;;
+FFA7;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER TIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3137;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER DIGEUD;;;;
+FFA8;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANGTIKEUT;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3138;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANG DIGEUD;;;;
+FFA9;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3139;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL;;;;
+FFAA;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-KIYEOK;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313A;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL GIYEOG;;;;
+FFAB;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-MIEUM;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313B;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL MIEUM;;;;
+FFAC;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313C;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL BIEUB;;;;
+FFAD;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313D;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL SIOS;;;;
+FFAE;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-THIEUTH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313E;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL TIEUT;;;;
+FFAF;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-PHIEUPH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 313F;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL PIEUP;;;;
+FFB0;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER RIEUL-HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3140;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER LIEUL HIEUH;;;;
+FFB1;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER MIEUM;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3141;;;;N;;;;;
+FFB2;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER PIEUP;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3142;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER BIEUB;;;;
+FFB3;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANGPIEUP;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3143;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANG BIEUB;;;;
+FFB4;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER PIEUP-SIOS;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3144;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER BIEUB SIOS;;;;
+FFB5;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SIOS;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3145;;;;N;;;;;
+FFB6;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANGSIOS;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3146;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANG SIOS;;;;
+FFB7;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER IEUNG;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3147;;;;N;;;;;
+FFB8;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER CIEUC;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3148;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER JIEUJ;;;;
+FFB9;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANGCIEUC;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3149;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER SSANG JIEUJ;;;;
+FFBA;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER CHIEUCH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314A;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER CIEUC;;;;
+FFBB;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER KHIEUKH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314B;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER KIYEOK;;;;
+FFBC;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER THIEUTH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314C;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER TIEUT;;;;
+FFBD;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER PHIEUPH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314D;;;;N;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER PIEUP;;;;
+FFBE;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER HIEUH;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314E;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC2;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER A;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 314F;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC3;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER AE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3150;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC4;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3151;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC5;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YAE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3152;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC6;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3153;;;;N;;;;;
+FFC7;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER E;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3154;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCA;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YEO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3155;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCB;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3156;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCC;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER O;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3157;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCD;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER WA;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3158;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCE;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER WAE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3159;;;;N;;;;;
+FFCF;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER OE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315A;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD2;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315B;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD3;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER U;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315C;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD4;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER WEO;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315D;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD5;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER WE;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315E;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD6;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER WI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 315F;;;;N;;;;;
+FFD7;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3160;;;;N;;;;;
+FFDA;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER EU;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3161;;;;N;;;;;
+FFDB;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER YI;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3162;;;;N;;;;;
+FFDC;HALFWIDTH HANGUL LETTER I;Lo;0;L;<narrow> 3163;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE0;FULLWIDTH CENT SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<wide> 00A2;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE1;FULLWIDTH POUND SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<wide> 00A3;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE2;FULLWIDTH NOT SIGN;Sm;0;ON;<wide> 00AC;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE3;FULLWIDTH MACRON;Sk;0;ON;<wide> 00AF;;;;N;FULLWIDTH SPACING MACRON;*;;;
+FFE4;FULLWIDTH BROKEN BAR;So;0;ON;<wide> 00A6;;;;N;FULLWIDTH BROKEN VERTICAL BAR;;;;
+FFE5;FULLWIDTH YEN SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<wide> 00A5;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE6;FULLWIDTH WON SIGN;Sc;0;ET;<wide> 20A9;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE8;HALFWIDTH FORMS LIGHT VERTICAL;So;0;ON;<narrow> 2502;;;;N;;;;;
+FFE9;HALFWIDTH LEFTWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;<narrow> 2190;;;;N;;;;;
+FFEA;HALFWIDTH UPWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;<narrow> 2191;;;;N;;;;;
+FFEB;HALFWIDTH RIGHTWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;<narrow> 2192;;;;N;;;;;
+FFEC;HALFWIDTH DOWNWARDS ARROW;Sm;0;ON;<narrow> 2193;;;;N;;;;;
+FFED;HALFWIDTH BLACK SQUARE;So;0;ON;<narrow> 25A0;;;;N;;;;;
+FFEE;HALFWIDTH WHITE CIRCLE;So;0;ON;<narrow> 25CB;;;;N;;;;;
+FFF9;INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+FFFA;INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+FFFB;INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+FFFC;OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+FFFD;REPLACEMENT CHARACTER;So;0;ON;;;;;N;;;;;
+10300;OLD ITALIC LETTER A;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10301;OLD ITALIC LETTER BE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10302;OLD ITALIC LETTER KE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10303;OLD ITALIC LETTER DE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10304;OLD ITALIC LETTER E;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10305;OLD ITALIC LETTER VE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10306;OLD ITALIC LETTER ZE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10307;OLD ITALIC LETTER HE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10308;OLD ITALIC LETTER THE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10309;OLD ITALIC LETTER I;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030A;OLD ITALIC LETTER KA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030B;OLD ITALIC LETTER EL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030C;OLD ITALIC LETTER EM;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030D;OLD ITALIC LETTER EN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030E;OLD ITALIC LETTER ESH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1030F;OLD ITALIC LETTER O;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Faliscan;;;
+10310;OLD ITALIC LETTER PE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10311;OLD ITALIC LETTER SHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10312;OLD ITALIC LETTER KU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10313;OLD ITALIC LETTER ER;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10314;OLD ITALIC LETTER ES;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10315;OLD ITALIC LETTER TE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10316;OLD ITALIC LETTER U;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10317;OLD ITALIC LETTER EKS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Faliscan;;;
+10318;OLD ITALIC LETTER PHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10319;OLD ITALIC LETTER KHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1031A;OLD ITALIC LETTER EF;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1031B;OLD ITALIC LETTER ERS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Umbrian;;;
+1031C;OLD ITALIC LETTER CHE;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Umbrian;;;
+1031D;OLD ITALIC LETTER II;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Oscan;;;
+1031E;OLD ITALIC LETTER UU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;Oscan;;;
+10320;OLD ITALIC NUMERAL ONE;No;0;L;;;;1;N;;;;;
+10321;OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIVE;No;0;L;;;;5;N;;;;;
+10322;OLD ITALIC NUMERAL TEN;No;0;L;;;;10;N;;;;;
+10323;OLD ITALIC NUMERAL FIFTY;No;0;L;;;;50;N;;;;;
+10330;GOTHIC LETTER AHSA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10331;GOTHIC LETTER BAIRKAN;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10332;GOTHIC LETTER GIBA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10333;GOTHIC LETTER DAGS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10334;GOTHIC LETTER AIHVUS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10335;GOTHIC LETTER QAIRTHRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10336;GOTHIC LETTER IUJA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10337;GOTHIC LETTER HAGL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10338;GOTHIC LETTER THIUTH;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10339;GOTHIC LETTER EIS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033A;GOTHIC LETTER KUSMA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033B;GOTHIC LETTER LAGUS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033C;GOTHIC LETTER MANNA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033D;GOTHIC LETTER NAUTHS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033E;GOTHIC LETTER JER;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1033F;GOTHIC LETTER URUS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10340;GOTHIC LETTER PAIRTHRA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10341;GOTHIC LETTER NINETY;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10342;GOTHIC LETTER RAIDA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10343;GOTHIC LETTER SAUIL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10344;GOTHIC LETTER TEIWS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10345;GOTHIC LETTER WINJA;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10346;GOTHIC LETTER FAIHU;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10347;GOTHIC LETTER IGGWS;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10348;GOTHIC LETTER HWAIR;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10349;GOTHIC LETTER OTHAL;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1034A;GOTHIC LETTER NINE HUNDRED;Nl;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+10400;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG I;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10428;
+10401;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10429;
+10402;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG A;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042A;
+10403;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG AH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042B;
+10404;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042C;
+10405;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER LONG OO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042D;
+10406;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT I;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042E;
+10407;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT E;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1042F;
+10408;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT A;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10430;
+10409;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT AH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10431;
+1040A;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT O;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10432;
+1040B;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER SHORT OO;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10433;
+1040C;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER AY;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10434;
+1040D;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER OW;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10435;
+1040E;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER WU;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10436;
+1040F;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER YEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10437;
+10410;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER H;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10438;
+10411;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER PEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10439;
+10412;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER BEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043A;
+10413;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER TEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043B;
+10414;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER DEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043C;
+10415;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER CHEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043D;
+10416;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER JEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043E;
+10417;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER KAY;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1043F;
+10418;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER GAY;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10440;
+10419;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EF;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10441;
+1041A;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER VEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10442;
+1041B;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ETH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10443;
+1041C;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER THEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10444;
+1041D;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ES;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10445;
+1041E;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10446;
+1041F;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ESH;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10447;
+10420;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ZHEE;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10448;
+10421;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ER;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;10449;
+10422;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EL;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1044A;
+10423;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EM;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1044B;
+10424;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER EN;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1044C;
+10425;DESERET CAPITAL LETTER ENG;Lu;0;L;;;;;N;;;;1044D;
+10428;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10400;;10400
+10429;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10401;;10401
+1042A;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG A;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10402;;10402
+1042B;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG AH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10403;;10403
+1042C;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10404;;10404
+1042D;DESERET SMALL LETTER LONG OO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10405;;10405
+1042E;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT I;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10406;;10406
+1042F;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT E;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10407;;10407
+10430;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT A;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10408;;10408
+10431;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT AH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10409;;10409
+10432;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT O;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040A;;1040A
+10433;DESERET SMALL LETTER SHORT OO;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040B;;1040B
+10434;DESERET SMALL LETTER AY;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040C;;1040C
+10435;DESERET SMALL LETTER OW;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040D;;1040D
+10436;DESERET SMALL LETTER WU;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040E;;1040E
+10437;DESERET SMALL LETTER YEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1040F;;1040F
+10438;DESERET SMALL LETTER H;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10410;;10410
+10439;DESERET SMALL LETTER PEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10411;;10411
+1043A;DESERET SMALL LETTER BEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10412;;10412
+1043B;DESERET SMALL LETTER TEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10413;;10413
+1043C;DESERET SMALL LETTER DEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10414;;10414
+1043D;DESERET SMALL LETTER CHEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10415;;10415
+1043E;DESERET SMALL LETTER JEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10416;;10416
+1043F;DESERET SMALL LETTER KAY;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10417;;10417
+10440;DESERET SMALL LETTER GAY;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10418;;10418
+10441;DESERET SMALL LETTER EF;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10419;;10419
+10442;DESERET SMALL LETTER VEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041A;;1041A
+10443;DESERET SMALL LETTER ETH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041B;;1041B
+10444;DESERET SMALL LETTER THEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041C;;1041C
+10445;DESERET SMALL LETTER ES;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041D;;1041D
+10446;DESERET SMALL LETTER ZEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041E;;1041E
+10447;DESERET SMALL LETTER ESH;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;1041F;;1041F
+10448;DESERET SMALL LETTER ZHEE;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10420;;10420
+10449;DESERET SMALL LETTER ER;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10421;;10421
+1044A;DESERET SMALL LETTER EL;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10422;;10422
+1044B;DESERET SMALL LETTER EM;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10423;;10423
+1044C;DESERET SMALL LETTER EN;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10424;;10424
+1044D;DESERET SMALL LETTER ENG;Ll;0;L;;;;;N;;;10425;;10425
+1D000;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSILI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D001;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DASEIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D002;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PERISPOMENI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D003;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA EKFONITIKON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D004;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D005;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA EKFONITIKON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D006;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D007;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATHISTI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D008;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYRMATIKI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D009;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPOKRISIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPOKRISIS DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KREMASTI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APESO EKFONITIKON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EXO EKFONITIKON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D00F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TELEIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D010;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D011;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D012;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D013;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNEVMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D014;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THITA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D015;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OLIGON ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D016;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D017;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSILON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D018;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHAMILON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D019;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VATHY;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISON ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SAXIMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARICHON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D01F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STAVROS APODEXIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D020;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIAI ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D021;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIAI ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D022;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APODERMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D023;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOTHEMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D024;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D025;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL REVMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D026;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PIASMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D027;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TINAGMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D028;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANATRICHISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D029;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SEISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA META STAVROU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OYRANISMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEMOI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D02F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DYO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D030;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D031;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TESSERA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D032;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D033;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APESO EXO NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D034;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D035;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFTHORA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D036;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D037;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATAVA TROMIKON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D038;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PELASTON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D039;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KONTEVMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHOREVMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL RAPISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKALESMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D03F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ICHADIN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D040;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL NANA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D041;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D042;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KONTEVMA ALLO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D043;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON ALLO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D044;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STRAGGISMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D045;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GRONTHISMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D046;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISON NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D047;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OLIGON NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D048;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OXEIA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D049;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASTI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KOUFISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PETASTOKOUFISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMOKOUFISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PELASTON NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D04F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D050;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPSILI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D051;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOS NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D052;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOI SYNDESMOS NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D053;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YPORROI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D054;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMOYPORROON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D055;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ELAFRON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D056;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHAMILI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D057;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MIKRON ISON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D058;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL VAREIA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D059;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PIASMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTON NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OMALON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANTIKENOMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LYGISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKLITIKI NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D05F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PARAKALESMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D060;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ETERON PARAKALESMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D061;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KYLISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D062;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ANTIKENOKYLISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D063;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKON NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D064;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EKSTREPTON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D065;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYNAGMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D066;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SYRMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D067;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHOREVMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D068;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL EPEGERMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D069;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SEISMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL XIRON KLASMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOPSIFISTON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOLYGISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOLYGISMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOPARAKALESMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D06F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOPARAKALESMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D070;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TROMIKOSYNAGMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D071;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL PSIFISTOSYNAGMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D072;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGOSYNTHETON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D073;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARGOSYNTHETON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D074;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ETERON ARGOSYNTHETON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D075;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL OYRANISMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D076;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMATISMOS ESO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D077;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMATISMOS EXO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D078;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THEMA APLOUN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D079;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL THES KAI APOTHES;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KATAVASMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ENDOFONON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFEN KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFEN ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STAVROS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D07F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D080;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIPLI ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D081;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA ARCHAION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D082;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA ALLO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D083;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KRATIMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D084;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APODERMA NEO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D085;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D086;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D087;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D088;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TETRAPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D089;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KORONIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA ENOS CHRONOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA DYO CHRONON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA TRION CHRONON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA TESSARON CHRONON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL LEIMMA IMISEOS CHRONOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D08F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON NEO ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D090;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D091;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON PARESTIGMENON DEXIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D092;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D093;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D094;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON ARISTERA ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D095;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGORGON PARESTIGMENON DEXIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D096;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIGORGON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D097;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARGON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D098;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIDIARGON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D099;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIARGON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09A;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI POLI ARGI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09B;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI ARGOTERI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09C;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI ARGI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09D;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI METRIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09E;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI MESI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D09F;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI GORGI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI GORGOTERI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL AGOGI POLI GORGI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PROTOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA ALLI PROTOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA DEYTEROS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA ALLI DEYTEROS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A6;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TRITOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A7;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TRIFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A8;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TETARTOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0A9;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA TETARTOS LEGETOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AA;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA LEGETOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AB;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PLAGIOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AC;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ISAKIA TELOUS ICHIMATOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AD;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL APOSTROFOI TELOUS ICHIMATOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AE;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS TETRAFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0AF;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS MONOFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FANEROSIS DIFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA VARYS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PROTOVARYS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL MARTYRIA PLAGIOS TETARTOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORTHMIKON N APLOUN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORTHMIKON N DIPLOUN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B6;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ENARXIS KAI FTHORA VOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B7;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFONON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B8;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL IMIFTHORON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0B9;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ARCHAION DEYTEROU ICHOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BA;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI PA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BB;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NANA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BC;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA NAOS ICHOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BD;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI DI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BE;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA SKLIRON DIATONON DI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0BF;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI KE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI ZO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NI KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA DIATONIKI NI ANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA MALAKON CHROMA DIFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA MALAKON CHROMA MONOFONIAS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FHTORA SKLIRON CHROMA VASIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C6;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA SKLIRON CHROMA SYNAFI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C7;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA NENANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C8;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA ZYGOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0C9;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA KLITON;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CA;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL CHROA SPATHI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CB;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA I YFESIS TETARTIMORION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CC;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL FTHORA ENARMONIOS ANTIFONIA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CD;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS TRITIMORION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CE;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TRITIMORION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0CF;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TETARTIMORION;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS APLI DYO DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS MONOGRAMMOS TESSERA DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS DIGRAMMOS EX DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIESIS TRIGRAMMOS OKTO DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS APLI DYO DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS MONOGRAMMOS TESSERA DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D6;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS DIGRAMMOS EX DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D7;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL YFESIS TRIGRAMMOS OKTO DODEKATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D8;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GENIKI DIESIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0D9;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GENIKI YFESIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DA;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI APLI MIKRI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DB;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI APLI MEGALI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DC;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI DIPLI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DD;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIASTOLI THESEOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DE;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0DF;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS DISIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS TRISIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS THESEOS TETRASIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS DISIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS TRISIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL SIMANSIS ARSEOS TETRASIMOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E6;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIGRAMMA GG;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E7;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL DIFTOGGOS OU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E8;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL STIGMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0E9;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO PA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0EA;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO VOU;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0EB;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO GA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0EC;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO DI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0ED;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO KE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0EE;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO ZO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0EF;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL ARKTIKO NI;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F0;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO MESO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F1;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO MESO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F2;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMATA NEO KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F3;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KENTIMA NEO KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F4;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL KLASMA KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D0F5;BYZANTINE MUSICAL SYMBOL GORGON NEO KATO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D100;MUSICAL SYMBOL SINGLE BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D101;MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D102;MUSICAL SYMBOL FINAL BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D103;MUSICAL SYMBOL REVERSE FINAL BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D104;MUSICAL SYMBOL DASHED BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D105;MUSICAL SYMBOL SHORT BARLINE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D106;MUSICAL SYMBOL LEFT REPEAT SIGN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D107;MUSICAL SYMBOL RIGHT REPEAT SIGN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D108;MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEAT DOTS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D109;MUSICAL SYMBOL DAL SEGNO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10A;MUSICAL SYMBOL DA CAPO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10B;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEGNO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10C;MUSICAL SYMBOL CODA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10D;MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10E;MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-2;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D10F;MUSICAL SYMBOL REPEATED FIGURE-3;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D110;MUSICAL SYMBOL FERMATA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D111;MUSICAL SYMBOL FERMATA BELOW;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D112;MUSICAL SYMBOL BREATH MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D113;MUSICAL SYMBOL CAESURA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D114;MUSICAL SYMBOL BRACE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D115;MUSICAL SYMBOL BRACKET;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D116;MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D117;MUSICAL SYMBOL TWO-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D118;MUSICAL SYMBOL THREE-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D119;MUSICAL SYMBOL FOUR-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11A;MUSICAL SYMBOL FIVE-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11B;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIX-LINE STAFF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11C;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIX-STRING FRETBOARD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11D;MUSICAL SYMBOL FOUR-STRING FRETBOARD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11E;MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D11F;MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA ALTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D120;MUSICAL SYMBOL G CLEF OTTAVA BASSA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D121;MUSICAL SYMBOL C CLEF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D122;MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D123;MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA ALTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D124;MUSICAL SYMBOL F CLEF OTTAVA BASSA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D125;MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D126;MUSICAL SYMBOL DRUM CLEF-2;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12A;MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE SHARP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12B;MUSICAL SYMBOL DOUBLE FLAT;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12C;MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12D;MUSICAL SYMBOL FLAT DOWN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12E;MUSICAL SYMBOL NATURAL UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D12F;MUSICAL SYMBOL NATURAL DOWN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D130;MUSICAL SYMBOL SHARP UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D131;MUSICAL SYMBOL SHARP DOWN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D132;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE SHARP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D133;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER TONE FLAT;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D134;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMMON TIME;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D135;MUSICAL SYMBOL CUT TIME;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D136;MUSICAL SYMBOL OTTAVA ALTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D137;MUSICAL SYMBOL OTTAVA BASSA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D138;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUINDICESIMA ALTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D139;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUINDICESIMA BASSA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13A;MUSICAL SYMBOL MULTI REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13B;MUSICAL SYMBOL WHOLE REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13C;MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13D;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13E;MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D13F;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTEENTH REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D140;MUSICAL SYMBOL THIRTY-SECOND REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D141;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTY-FOURTH REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D142;MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHTH REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D143;MUSICAL SYMBOL X NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D144;MUSICAL SYMBOL PLUS NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D145;MUSICAL SYMBOL CIRCLE X NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D146;MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE NOTEHEAD WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D147;MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE NOTEHEAD BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D148;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D149;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14A;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD LEFT WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14B;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD LEFT BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14C;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD RIGHT WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14D;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD RIGHT BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14E;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD DOWN WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D14F;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD DOWN BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D150;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP RIGHT WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D151;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE NOTEHEAD UP RIGHT BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D152;MUSICAL SYMBOL MOON NOTEHEAD WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D153;MUSICAL SYMBOL MOON NOTEHEAD BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D154;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE-ROUND NOTEHEAD DOWN WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D155;MUSICAL SYMBOL TRIANGLE-ROUND NOTEHEAD DOWN BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D156;MUSICAL SYMBOL PARENTHESIS NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D157;MUSICAL SYMBOL VOID NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D158;MUSICAL SYMBOL NOTEHEAD BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D159;MUSICAL SYMBOL NULL NOTEHEAD;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15A;MUSICAL SYMBOL CLUSTER NOTEHEAD WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15B;MUSICAL SYMBOL CLUSTER NOTEHEAD BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15C;MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15D;MUSICAL SYMBOL WHOLE NOTE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15E;MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF NOTE;So;0;L;1D157 1D165;;;;N;;;;;
+1D15F;MUSICAL SYMBOL QUARTER NOTE;So;0;L;1D158 1D165;;;;N;;;;;
+1D160;MUSICAL SYMBOL EIGHTH NOTE;So;0;L;1D15F 1D16E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D161;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTEENTH NOTE;So;0;L;1D15F 1D16F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D162;MUSICAL SYMBOL THIRTY-SECOND NOTE;So;0;L;1D15F 1D170;;;;N;;;;;
+1D163;MUSICAL SYMBOL SIXTY-FOURTH NOTE;So;0;L;1D15F 1D171;;;;N;;;;;
+1D164;MUSICAL SYMBOL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY-EIGHTH NOTE;So;0;L;1D15F 1D172;;;;N;;;;;
+1D165;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STEM;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D166;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SPRECHGESANG STEM;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D167;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-1;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D168;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-2;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D169;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TREMOLO-3;Mn;1;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16A;MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16B;MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-2;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16C;MUSICAL SYMBOL FINGERED TREMOLO-3;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16D;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING AUGMENTATION DOT;Mc;226;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16E;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-1;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D16F;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-2;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D170;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-3;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D171;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-4;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D172;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLAG-5;Mc;216;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D173;MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN BEAM;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D174;MUSICAL SYMBOL END BEAM;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D175;MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN TIE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D176;MUSICAL SYMBOL END TIE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D177;MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN SLUR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D178;MUSICAL SYMBOL END SLUR;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D179;MUSICAL SYMBOL BEGIN PHRASE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17A;MUSICAL SYMBOL END PHRASE;Cf;0;BN;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17B;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING ACCENT;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17C;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STACCATO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17D;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TENUTO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17E;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING STACCATISSIMO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D17F;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING MARCATO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D180;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING MARCATO-STACCATO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D181;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING ACCENT-STACCATO;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D182;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING LOURE;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D183;MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D184;MUSICAL SYMBOL ARPEGGIATO DOWN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D185;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOIT;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D186;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING RIP;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D187;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING FLIP;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D188;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SMEAR;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D189;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING BEND;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18A;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOUBLE TONGUE;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18B;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING TRIPLE TONGUE;Mn;220;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18C;MUSICAL SYMBOL RINFORZANDO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18D;MUSICAL SYMBOL SUBITO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18E;MUSICAL SYMBOL Z;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D18F;MUSICAL SYMBOL PIANO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D190;MUSICAL SYMBOL MEZZO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D191;MUSICAL SYMBOL FORTE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D192;MUSICAL SYMBOL CRESCENDO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D193;MUSICAL SYMBOL DECRESCENDO;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D194;MUSICAL SYMBOL GRACE NOTE SLASH;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D195;MUSICAL SYMBOL GRACE NOTE NO SLASH;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D196;MUSICAL SYMBOL TR;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D197;MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D198;MUSICAL SYMBOL INVERTED TURN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D199;MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN SLASH;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19A;MUSICAL SYMBOL TURN UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19B;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19C;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-2;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19D;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-3;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19E;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-4;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D19F;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-5;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A0;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-6;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A1;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-7;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A2;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-8;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A3;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-9;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A4;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-10;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A5;MUSICAL SYMBOL ORNAMENT STROKE-11;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A6;MUSICAL SYMBOL HAUPTSTIMME;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A7;MUSICAL SYMBOL NEBENSTIMME;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A8;MUSICAL SYMBOL END OF STIMME;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1A9;MUSICAL SYMBOL DEGREE SLASH;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AA;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING DOWN BOW;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AB;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING UP BOW;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AC;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING HARMONIC;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AD;MUSICAL SYMBOL COMBINING SNAP PIZZICATO;Mn;230;NSM;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AE;MUSICAL SYMBOL PEDAL MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1AF;MUSICAL SYMBOL PEDAL UP MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B0;MUSICAL SYMBOL HALF PEDAL MARK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B1;MUSICAL SYMBOL GLISSANDO UP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B2;MUSICAL SYMBOL GLISSANDO DOWN;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B3;MUSICAL SYMBOL WITH FINGERNAILS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B4;MUSICAL SYMBOL DAMP;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B5;MUSICAL SYMBOL DAMP ALL;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B6;MUSICAL SYMBOL MAXIMA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B7;MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B8;MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1B9;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS WHITE;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BA;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS BLACK;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BB;MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA;So;0;L;1D1B9 1D165;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BC;MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA BLACK;So;0;L;1D1BA 1D165;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BD;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA WHITE;So;0;L;1D1BB 1D16E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BE;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA BLACK;So;0;L;1D1BC 1D16E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1BF;MUSICAL SYMBOL FUSA WHITE;So;0;L;1D1BB 1D16F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C0;MUSICAL SYMBOL FUSA BLACK;So;0;L;1D1BC 1D16F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C1;MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA PERFECTA REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C2;MUSICAL SYMBOL LONGA IMPERFECTA REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C3;MUSICAL SYMBOL BREVIS REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C4;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIBREVIS REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C5;MUSICAL SYMBOL MINIMA REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C6;MUSICAL SYMBOL SEMIMINIMA REST;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C7;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C8;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1C9;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS PERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA DIMINUTION-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CA;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE PERFECTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CB;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CC;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-1;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CD;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-2;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CE;MUSICAL SYMBOL TEMPUS IMPERFECTUM CUM PROLATIONE IMPERFECTA DIMINUTION-3;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1CF;MUSICAL SYMBOL CROIX;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D0;MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN C CLEF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D1;MUSICAL SYMBOL GREGORIAN F CLEF;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D2;MUSICAL SYMBOL SQUARE B;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D3;MUSICAL SYMBOL VIRGA;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D4;MUSICAL SYMBOL PODATUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D5;MUSICAL SYMBOL CLIVIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D6;MUSICAL SYMBOL SCANDICUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D7;MUSICAL SYMBOL CLIMACUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D8;MUSICAL SYMBOL TORCULUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1D9;MUSICAL SYMBOL PORRECTUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1DA;MUSICAL SYMBOL PORRECTUS FLEXUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1DB;MUSICAL SYMBOL SCANDICUS FLEXUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1DC;MUSICAL SYMBOL TORCULUS RESUPINUS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D1DD;MUSICAL SYMBOL PES SUBPUNCTIS;So;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
+1D400;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D401;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D402;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D403;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D404;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D405;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
+1D406;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D407;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;;;;;
+1D408;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;;;;;
+1D409;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D40F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D410;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D411;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;;;;;
+1D412;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D413;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D414;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D415;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D416;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D417;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D418;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D419;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D41A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D41B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D41C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D41D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D41F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D420;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D421;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D422;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D423;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D424;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D425;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D426;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D427;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D428;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D429;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D42A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D42B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D42D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D433;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D436;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D437;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D44E;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D450;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D451;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D453;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D454;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D456;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D457;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D458;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D459;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D45C;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D45D;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D45E;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D460;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D461;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D462;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D465;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D466;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D469;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D46A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D46B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D46C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D46D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D471;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D473;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D474;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D49C;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D49E;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D49F;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4A2;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4A5;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4A6;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4A9;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4AA;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4AB;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4AC;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4AE;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4AF;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B0;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B1;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B2;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B3;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B4;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B5;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B6;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B7;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B8;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4B9;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4BB;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4BD;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4BE;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4BF;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C0;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C2;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C3;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C5;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C6;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C7;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C8;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4C9;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CA;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CB;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CC;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CD;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CE;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4CF;MATHEMATICAL SCRIPT SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4D9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4DF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4E9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4EA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4EB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4EC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4ED;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4EE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4EF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4F9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D4FF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D500;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D501;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D502;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D503;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SCRIPT SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D504;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D505;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D507;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D508;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D509;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
+1D50A;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D50D;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D50E;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D50F;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D510;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D511;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D512;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D513;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D514;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D516;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D517;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D518;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D519;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D51A;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D51B;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D51C;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D51E;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D51F;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D520;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D521;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D522;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+1D523;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D524;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D525;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D526;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D527;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D528;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D529;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52A;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52B;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52C;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52D;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52E;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D52F;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D530;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D531;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D532;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D533;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D534;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D535;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D536;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D537;MATHEMATICAL FRAKTUR SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D538;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D539;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D53B;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D53C;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D53D;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
+1D53E;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D540;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;;;;;
+1D541;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D542;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D543;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D544;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D546;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54A;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54B;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54C;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54D;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54E;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D54F;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D550;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D552;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D553;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D554;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D555;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D556;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+1D557;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D558;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D559;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55A;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55B;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55C;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55D;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55E;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D55F;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D560;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D561;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D562;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D563;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D564;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D565;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D566;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D567;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D568;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D569;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56A;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56B;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D56F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D570;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
+1D571;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL F;Lu;0;L;<font> 0046;;;;N;;;;;
+1D572;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL G;Lu;0;L;<font> 0047;;;;N;;;;;
+1D573;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL H;Lu;0;L;<font> 0048;;;;N;;;;;
+1D574;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;;;;;
+1D575;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D576;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D577;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D578;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D579;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D57F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D580;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D581;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D582;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D583;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D584;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D585;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D586;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D587;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D588;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D589;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D58F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D590;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D591;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D592;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D593;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D594;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D595;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D596;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D597;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D598;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D599;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D59F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD FRAKTUR SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D5A0;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL A;Lu;0;L;<font> 0041;;;;N;;;;;
+1D5A1;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL B;Lu;0;L;<font> 0042;;;;N;;;;;
+1D5A2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL C;Lu;0;L;<font> 0043;;;;N;;;;;
+1D5A3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL D;Lu;0;L;<font> 0044;;;;N;;;;;
+1D5A4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF CAPITAL E;Lu;0;L;<font> 0045;;;;N;;;;;
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+1D678;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL I;Lu;0;L;<font> 0049;;;;N;;;;;
+1D679;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL J;Lu;0;L;<font> 004A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67A;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL K;Lu;0;L;<font> 004B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67B;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL L;Lu;0;L;<font> 004C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67C;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL M;Lu;0;L;<font> 004D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67D;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL N;Lu;0;L;<font> 004E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67E;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL O;Lu;0;L;<font> 004F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D67F;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL P;Lu;0;L;<font> 0050;;;;N;;;;;
+1D680;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL Q;Lu;0;L;<font> 0051;;;;N;;;;;
+1D681;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL R;Lu;0;L;<font> 0052;;;;N;;;;;
+1D682;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL S;Lu;0;L;<font> 0053;;;;N;;;;;
+1D683;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL T;Lu;0;L;<font> 0054;;;;N;;;;;
+1D684;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL U;Lu;0;L;<font> 0055;;;;N;;;;;
+1D685;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL V;Lu;0;L;<font> 0056;;;;N;;;;;
+1D686;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL W;Lu;0;L;<font> 0057;;;;N;;;;;
+1D687;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL X;Lu;0;L;<font> 0058;;;;N;;;;;
+1D688;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL Y;Lu;0;L;<font> 0059;;;;N;;;;;
+1D689;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE CAPITAL Z;Lu;0;L;<font> 005A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68A;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL A;Ll;0;L;<font> 0061;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68B;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL B;Ll;0;L;<font> 0062;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68C;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL C;Ll;0;L;<font> 0063;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68D;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL D;Ll;0;L;<font> 0064;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68E;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL E;Ll;0;L;<font> 0065;;;;N;;;;;
+1D68F;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL F;Ll;0;L;<font> 0066;;;;N;;;;;
+1D690;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL G;Ll;0;L;<font> 0067;;;;N;;;;;
+1D691;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL H;Ll;0;L;<font> 0068;;;;N;;;;;
+1D692;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL I;Ll;0;L;<font> 0069;;;;N;;;;;
+1D693;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL J;Ll;0;L;<font> 006A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D694;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL K;Ll;0;L;<font> 006B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D695;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL L;Ll;0;L;<font> 006C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D696;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL M;Ll;0;L;<font> 006D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D697;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL N;Ll;0;L;<font> 006E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D698;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL O;Ll;0;L;<font> 006F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D699;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL P;Ll;0;L;<font> 0070;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69A;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL Q;Ll;0;L;<font> 0071;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69B;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL R;Ll;0;L;<font> 0072;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69C;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL S;Ll;0;L;<font> 0073;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69D;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL T;Ll;0;L;<font> 0074;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69E;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL U;Ll;0;L;<font> 0075;;;;N;;;;;
+1D69F;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL V;Ll;0;L;<font> 0076;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A0;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL W;Ll;0;L;<font> 0077;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A1;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL X;Ll;0;L;<font> 0078;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A2;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL Y;Ll;0;L;<font> 0079;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A3;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE SMALL Z;Ll;0;L;<font> 007A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL ALPHA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0391;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6A9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL BETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0392;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL GAMMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0393;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL DELTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0394;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL EPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 0395;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL ZETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0396;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL ETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0397;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6AF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL THETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0398;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL IOTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0399;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL KAPPA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL MU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL NU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL XI;Lu;0;L;<font> 039E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL OMICRON;Lu;0;L;<font> 039F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL PI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL RHO;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6B9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<font> 03F4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL SIGMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL TAU;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL UPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL PHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL CHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6BF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL PSI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL OMEGA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD NABLA;Sm;0;L;<font> 2207;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ALPHA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL BETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL GAMMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL DELTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL EPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ZETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL ETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6C9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL THETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL IOTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL KAPPA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BA;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL LAMDA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BB;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL MU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BC;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL NU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BD;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6CF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL XI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMICRON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BF;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL RHO;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL TAU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL UPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D8;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL CHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6D9;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL PSI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DA;MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMEGA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DB;MATHEMATICAL BOLD PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;L;<font> 2202;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DC;MATHEMATICAL BOLD EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DD;MATHEMATICAL BOLD THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6DF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E2;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0391;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E3;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL BETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0392;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E4;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0393;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E5;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0394;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E6;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 0395;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E7;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0396;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E8;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL ETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0397;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6E9;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL THETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0398;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6EA;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0399;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6EB;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6EC;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6ED;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL MU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6EE;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL NU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6EF;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL XI;Lu;0;L;<font> 039E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F0;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON;Lu;0;L;<font> 039F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F1;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F2;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL RHO;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F3;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<font> 03F4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F4;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F5;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL TAU;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F6;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F7;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F8;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL CHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6F9;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL PSI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FA;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FB;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC NABLA;Sm;0;L;<font> 2207;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FC;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ALPHA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FD;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL BETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FE;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL GAMMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D6FF;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL DELTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D700;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL EPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D701;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ZETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D702;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL ETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D703;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL THETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D704;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL IOTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D705;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL KAPPA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BA;;;;N;;;;;
+1D706;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL LAMDA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BB;;;;N;;;;;
+1D707;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL MU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BC;;;;N;;;;;
+1D708;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL NU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BD;;;;N;;;;;
+1D709;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL XI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70A;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMICRON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BF;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70B;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70C;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL RHO;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70D;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70E;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D70F;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL TAU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D710;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL UPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D711;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D712;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL CHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D713;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL PSI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D714;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMEGA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D715;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;L;<font> 2202;;;;N;;;;;
+1D716;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D717;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D718;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D719;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71A;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71B;MATHEMATICAL ITALIC PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0391;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL BETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0392;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0393;;;;N;;;;;
+1D71F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0394;;;;N;;;;;
+1D720;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 0395;;;;N;;;;;
+1D721;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0396;;;;N;;;;;
+1D722;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0397;;;;N;;;;;
+1D723;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0398;;;;N;;;;;
+1D724;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0399;;;;N;;;;;
+1D725;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D726;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D727;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL MU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D728;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D729;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL XI;Lu;0;L;<font> 039E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON;Lu;0;L;<font> 039F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<font> 03F4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D72F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D730;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D731;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D732;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL CHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D733;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PSI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D734;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D735;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC NABLA;Sm;0;L;<font> 2207;;;;N;;;;;
+1D736;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ALPHA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D737;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL BETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D738;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL GAMMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D739;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL DELTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL EPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL ETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL THETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL IOTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D73F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BA;;;;N;;;;;
+1D740;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BB;;;;N;;;;;
+1D741;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL MU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BC;;;;N;;;;;
+1D742;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BD;;;;N;;;;;
+1D743;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL XI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1D744;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BF;;;;N;;;;;
+1D745;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D746;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D747;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D748;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D749;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74A;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL UPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74B;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74C;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL CHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74D;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL PSI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74E;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D74F;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;L;<font> 2202;;;;N;;;;;
+1D750;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D751;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D752;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D753;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D754;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D755;MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D756;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ALPHA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0391;;;;N;;;;;
+1D757;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL BETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0392;;;;N;;;;;
+1D758;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL GAMMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0393;;;;N;;;;;
+1D759;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL DELTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0394;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75A;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL EPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 0395;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75B;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ZETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0396;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75C;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL ETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0397;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75D;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL THETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0398;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75E;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL IOTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0399;;;;N;;;;;
+1D75F;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL KAPPA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D760;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL LAMDA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D761;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL MU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D762;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL NU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D763;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL XI;Lu;0;L;<font> 039E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D764;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMICRON;Lu;0;L;<font> 039F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D765;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D766;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL RHO;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D767;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<font> 03F4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D768;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL SIGMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D769;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL TAU;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76A;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL UPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76B;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76C;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL CHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76D;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL PSI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76E;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMEGA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D76F;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD NABLA;Sm;0;L;<font> 2207;;;;N;;;;;
+1D770;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ALPHA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D771;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL BETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D772;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL GAMMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D773;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL DELTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D774;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL EPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D775;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ZETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D776;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL ETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D777;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL THETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D778;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL IOTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D779;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL KAPPA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BA;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77A;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL LAMDA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BB;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77B;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL MU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BC;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77C;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL NU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BD;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77D;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL XI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77E;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMICRON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BF;;;;N;;;;;
+1D77F;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D780;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL RHO;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D781;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D782;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D783;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL TAU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D784;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL UPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D785;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D786;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL CHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D787;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL PSI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D788;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMEGA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D789;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;L;<font> 2202;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78A;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78B;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78C;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78D;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78E;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D78F;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D790;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ALPHA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0391;;;;N;;;;;
+1D791;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL BETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0392;;;;N;;;;;
+1D792;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL GAMMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0393;;;;N;;;;;
+1D793;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL DELTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0394;;;;N;;;;;
+1D794;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL EPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 0395;;;;N;;;;;
+1D795;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ZETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0396;;;;N;;;;;
+1D796;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL ETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0397;;;;N;;;;;
+1D797;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0398;;;;N;;;;;
+1D798;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA;Lu;0;L;<font> 0399;;;;N;;;;;
+1D799;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL KAPPA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039A;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79A;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA;Lu;0;L;<font> 039B;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79B;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL MU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039C;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79C;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL NU;Lu;0;L;<font> 039D;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79D;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL XI;Lu;0;L;<font> 039E;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79E;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON;Lu;0;L;<font> 039F;;;;N;;;;;
+1D79F;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A0;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL RHO;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A1;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL THETA SYMBOL;Lu;0;L;<font> 03F4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL SIGMA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL TAU;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL UPSILON;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A5;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A6;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL CHI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A7;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL PSI;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A8;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMEGA;Lu;0;L;<font> 03A9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7A9;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC NABLA;Sm;0;L;<font> 2207;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AA;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ALPHA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AB;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL BETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AC;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL GAMMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AD;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL DELTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AE;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL EPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7AF;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ZETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B0;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL ETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B1;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL THETA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL IOTA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03B9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL KAPPA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BA;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BB;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B5;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL MU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BC;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B6;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL NU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BD;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B7;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL XI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BE;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B8;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03BF;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7B9;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BA;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL RHO;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BB;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL FINAL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C2;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BC;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL SIGMA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C3;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BD;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL TAU;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C4;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BE;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL UPSILON;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7BF;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C0;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL CHI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C7;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C1;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL PSI;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C8;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMEGA;Ll;0;L;<font> 03C9;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL;Sm;0;L;<font> 2202;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC EPSILON SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C5;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC THETA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C6;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC KAPPA SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F0;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C7;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PHI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D5;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C8;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC RHO SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03F1;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7C9;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC PI SYMBOL;Ll;0;L;<font> 03D6;;;;N;;;;;
+1D7CE;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1D7CF;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1D7D0;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1D7D1;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1D7D2;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1D7D3;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1D7D4;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1D7D5;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1D7D6;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1D7D7;MATHEMATICAL BOLD DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1D7D8;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1D7D9;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1D7DA;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1D7DB;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1D7DC;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1D7DD;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1D7DE;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1D7DF;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1D7E0;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1D7E1;MATHEMATICAL DOUBLE-STRUCK DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1D7E2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1D7E3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1D7E4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1D7E5;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1D7E6;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1D7E7;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1D7E8;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1D7E9;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1D7EA;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1D7EB;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1D7EC;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1D7ED;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1D7EE;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1D7EF;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1D7F0;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1D7F1;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1D7F2;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1D7F3;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1D7F4;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1D7F5;MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
+1D7F6;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ZERO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0030;0;0;0;N;;;;;
+1D7F7;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT ONE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0031;1;1;1;N;;;;;
+1D7F8;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT TWO;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0032;2;2;2;N;;;;;
+1D7F9;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT THREE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0033;3;3;3;N;;;;;
+1D7FA;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FOUR;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0034;4;4;4;N;;;;;
+1D7FB;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT FIVE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0035;5;5;5;N;;;;;
+1D7FC;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SIX;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0036;6;6;6;N;;;;;
+1D7FD;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT SEVEN;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0037;7;7;7;N;;;;;
+1D7FE;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT EIGHT;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0038;8;8;8;N;;;;;
+1D7FF;MATHEMATICAL MONOSPACE DIGIT NINE;Nd;0;EN;<font> 0039;9;9;9;N;;;;;
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+2A6D6;<CJK Ideograph Extension B, Last>;Lo;0;L;;;;;N;;;;;
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+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/locale/unicode.cpp b/src/pal/src/locale/unicode.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3c119744b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/locale/unicode.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1026 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+unicode.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+Implementation of all functions related to Unicode support
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/unicode_data.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/utf8.h"
+#include "pal/locale.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#if !(HAVE_PTHREAD_RWLOCK_T || HAVE_COREFOUNDATION)
+#error Either pthread rwlocks or Core Foundation are required for Unicode support
+#endif /* !(HAVE_PTHREAD_RWLOCK_T || HAVE_COREFOUNDATION) */
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+#include <libintl.h>
+#endif // __APPLE__
+#include <errno.h>
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+#include <corefoundation/corefoundation.h>
+#endif // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+#include <debugmacrosext.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(UNICODE);
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+static CP_MAPPING CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE[] = {
+    { 65001, kCFStringEncodingUTF8, 4, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 1252, kCFStringEncodingWindowsLatin1, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 1251, kCFStringEncodingWindowsCyrillic, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 1253, kCFStringEncodingWindowsGreek, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 1254, kCFStringEncodingWindowsLatin5, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 1258, kCFStringEncodingWindowsVietnamese, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 932, kCFStringEncodingDOSJapanese, 2, { 129, 159, 224, 252, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 949, kCFStringEncodingDOSKorean, 2, { 129, 254, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } },
+    { 950, kCFStringEncodingDOSChineseTrad, 2, { 129, 254, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } }
+};
+
+#else // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+static const CP_MAPPING CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE[] = {
+    { 65001, "utf8", 4, { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } }
+};
+
+#endif // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+// We hardcode the system's default codepage to be UTF-8.
+// There are several reasons for this:
+// - On OSX, HFS+ file names are encoded as UTF-8.
+// - On OSX, When writing strings to the console, the Terminal.app will interpret them as UTF-8.
+// - We want Ansi marshalling to mean marshal to UTF-8 on Mac and Linux
+static const UINT PAL_ACP = 65001;
+
+#if !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+/*++
+Function:
+UnicodeDataComp
+This is the comparison function used by the bsearch function to search
+for unicode characters in the UnicodeData array.
+
+Parameter:
+pnKey
+The unicode character value to search for.
+elem
+A pointer to a UnicodeDataRec.
+
+Return value:
+<0 if pnKey < elem->nUnicodeValue
+0 if pnKey == elem->nUnicodeValue
+>0 if pnKey > elem->nUnicodeValue
+--*/
+static int UnicodeDataComp(const void *pnKey, const void *elem)
+{
+    WCHAR uValue = ((UnicodeDataRec*)elem)->nUnicodeValue;
+    WORD  rangeValue = ((UnicodeDataRec*)elem)->rangeValue;
+
+    if (*((INT*)pnKey) < uValue)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (*((INT*)pnKey) > (uValue + rangeValue))
+        {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetUnicodeData
+This function is used to get information about a Unicode character.
+
+Parameters:
+nUnicodeValue
+The numeric value of the Unicode character to get information about.
+pDataRec
+The UnicodeDataRec to fill in with the data for the Unicode character.
+
+Return value:
+TRUE if the Unicode character was found.
+
+--*/
+BOOL GetUnicodeData(INT nUnicodeValue, UnicodeDataRec *pDataRec)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+    if (nUnicodeValue <= UNICODE_DATA_DIRECT_ACCESS)
+    {
+        *pDataRec = UnicodeData[nUnicodeValue];
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        UnicodeDataRec *dataRec;
+        INT nNumOfChars = UNICODE_DATA_SIZE;
+        dataRec = (UnicodeDataRec *) bsearch(&nUnicodeValue, UnicodeData, nNumOfChars, 
+                       sizeof(UnicodeDataRec), UnicodeDataComp);
+        if (dataRec == NULL)
+        {
+            bRet = FALSE;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bRet = TRUE;
+            *pDataRec = *dataRec;
+        }
+    }
+    return bRet;
+}
+#endif /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+/*++ 
+Function:
+CODEPAGEGetData
+    
+    IN UINT CodePage - The code page the caller
+    is attempting to retrieve data on.
+    
+    Returns a pointer to structure, NULL otherwise.
+--*/
+const CP_MAPPING * 
+CODEPAGEGetData( IN UINT CodePage )
+{
+    UINT nSize = sizeof( CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE ) / sizeof( CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE[ 0 ] );
+    UINT nIndex = 0;
+
+    if ( CP_ACP == CodePage )
+    {
+        CodePage = PAL_ACP;
+    }
+
+    /* checking if the CodePage is ACP and returning true if so */
+    while (nIndex < nSize)
+    {
+        if ( ( CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE[ nIndex ] ).nCodePage == CodePage )
+        {
+            return &(CP_TO_NATIVE_TABLE[ nIndex ]);
+        }
+        nIndex++;
+    }
+    return NULL;    
+}
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+/*++
+Function :
+
+CODEPAGECPToCFStringEncoding - Gets the CFStringEncoding for
+the given codepage.
+
+Returns the CFStringEncoding for the given codepage.
+--*/
+CFStringEncoding CODEPAGECPToCFStringEncoding(UINT codepage)
+{
+    const CP_MAPPING *cp_mapping = CODEPAGEGetData(codepage);
+    if (cp_mapping == NULL)
+    {
+        return kCFStringEncodingInvalidId;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return cp_mapping->nCFEncoding;
+    }
+}
+#endif // HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+/*++
+Function:
+CharNextA
+
+Parameters
+
+lpsz
+[in] Pointer to a character in a null-terminated string.
+
+Return Values
+
+A pointer to the next character in the string, or to the terminating null character if at the end of the string, indicates success.
+
+If lpsz points to the terminating null character, the return value is equal to lpsz.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPSTR
+PALAPI
+CharNextA(
+  IN LPCSTR lpsz)
+{
+    LPSTR pRet;
+    PERF_ENTRY(CharNextA);
+    ENTRY("CharNextA (lpsz=%p (%s))\n", lpsz?lpsz:NULL, lpsz?lpsz:NULL);
+
+    pRet = CharNextExA(GetACP(), lpsz, 0);
+
+    LOGEXIT ("CharNextA returns LPSTR %p\n", pRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CharNextA);
+    return pRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+CharNextExA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPSTR
+PALAPI
+CharNextExA(
+    IN WORD CodePage,
+    IN LPCSTR lpCurrentChar,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    LPSTR pRet = (LPSTR) lpCurrentChar;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CharNextExA);
+    ENTRY("CharNextExA (CodePage=%hu, lpCurrentChar=%p (%s), dwFlags=%#x)\n",
+    CodePage, lpCurrentChar?lpCurrentChar:"NULL", lpCurrentChar?lpCurrentChar:"NULL", dwFlags);
+
+    if ((lpCurrentChar != NULL) && (*lpCurrentChar != 0))
+    {
+        pRet += (*(lpCurrentChar+1) != 0) &&
+            IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CodePage, *lpCurrentChar) ?  2 : 1;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CharNextExA returns LPSTR:%p (%s)\n", pRet, pRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(CharNextExA);
+    return pRet;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+AreFileApisANSI
+
+The AreFileApisANSI function determines whether the file I/O functions
+are using the ANSI or OEM character set code page. This function is
+useful for 8-bit console input and output operations.
+
+Return Values
+
+If the set of file I/O functions is using the ANSI code page, the return value is nonzero.
+
+If the set of file I/O functions is using the OEM code page, the return value is zero.
+
+In the ROTOR version we always return true since there is no concept
+of OEM code pages.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+AreFileApisANSI(
+    VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(AreFileApisANSI);
+    ENTRY("AreFileApisANSI ()\n");
+
+    LOGEXIT("AreFileApisANSI returns BOOL TRUE\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(AreFileApisANSI);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetConsoleCP
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+UINT
+PALAPI
+GetConsoleCP(
+     VOID)
+{
+    UINT nRet = 0;
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetConsoleCP);
+    ENTRY("GetConsoleCP()\n");
+     
+    nRet = GetACP();
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetConsoleCP returns UINT %d\n", nRet );
+    PERF_EXIT(GetConsoleCP);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetConsoleOutputCP
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+UINT
+PALAPI
+GetConsoleOutputCP(
+       VOID)
+{
+    UINT nRet = 0;
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetConsoleOutputCP);
+    ENTRY("GetConsoleOutputCP()\n");
+    nRet = GetACP();
+    LOGEXIT("GetConsoleOutputCP returns UINT %d \n", nRet );
+    PERF_EXIT(GetConsoleOutputCP);
+    return nRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+IsValidCodePage
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes :
+"pseudo code pages", like CP_ACP, aren't considered 'valid' in this context.
+CP_UTF7 and CP_UTF8, however, *are* considered valid code pages, even though
+MSDN fails to mention them in the IsValidCodePage entry.
+Note : CP_UTF7 support isn't required for Rotor
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+IsValidCodePage(
+    IN UINT CodePage)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(IsValidCodePage);
+    ENTRY("IsValidCodePage(%d)\n", CodePage );
+
+    switch(CodePage)
+    {
+    case CP_ACP       : /* fall through */
+    case CP_OEMCP      : /* fall through */
+    case CP_MACCP      : /* fall through */
+    case CP_THREAD_ACP:
+        /* 'pseudo code pages' : not valid */
+        retval = FALSE;
+        break;
+    case CP_UTF7:
+        /* valid in Win32, but not supported in Rotor */
+        retval = FALSE;
+        break;
+    case CP_UTF8:
+        /* valid, but not part of CODEPAGEGetData's tables */
+        retval = TRUE;
+        break;
+    default:
+        retval = (NULL != CODEPAGEGetData( CodePage ));
+        break;
+    }
+       
+    LOGEXIT("IsValidCodePage returns BOOL %d\n",retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(IsValidCodePage);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+#if ENABLE_DOWNLEVEL_FOR_NLS
+/*++
+Function:
+GetStringTypeEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetStringTypeExW(
+     IN LCID Locale,
+     IN DWORD dwInfoType,
+     IN LPCWSTR lpSrcStr,
+     IN int cchSrc,
+     OUT LPWORD lpCharType)
+{
+
+
+    int i = 0;
+#if !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    UnicodeDataRec unicodeDataRec;
+#endif /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    BOOL bRet = TRUE;
+    wchar_t  wcstr ;
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetStringTypeExW);
+    ENTRY("GetStringTypeExW(Locale=%#x, dwInfoType=%#x, lpSrcStr=%p (%S), "
+    "cchSrc=%d, lpCharType=%p)\n",
+    Locale, dwInfoType, lpSrcStr?lpSrcStr:W16_NULLSTRING, lpSrcStr?lpSrcStr:W16_NULLSTRING, cchSrc, lpCharType);
+
+    if((Locale != LOCALE_USER_DEFAULT)||(dwInfoType != CT_CTYPE1)
+        || (cchSrc != 1) || (lpSrcStr == (LPCWSTR)lpCharType))
+    {
+        ASSERT("One of the input parameters is invalid\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        bRet = FALSE;
+        goto GetStringTypeExExit;
+    }
+
+
+    /*
+    * get length if needed...
+    */
+    if(cchSrc == -1)
+    {
+      cchSrc = PAL_wcslen(lpSrcStr);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    * Loop through each character of the source string and update
+    * lpCharType accordingly.
+    */
+    for(i = 0; i < cchSrc; i++)
+    {
+        wcstr = lpSrcStr[i];
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+        lpCharType[i] = 0;
+        if (PAL_iswlower(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_LOWER;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswupper(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_UPPER;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswalpha(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_ALPHA;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswdigit(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_DIGIT;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswspace(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_SPACE;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswblank(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_BLANK;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswcntrl(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_CNTRL;
+        }
+        if (PAL_iswpunct(wcstr))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] |= C1_PUNCT;
+        }
+#else /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+        /*
+         * Get the unicode data record for that character.
+         */
+        if(GetUnicodeData(wcstr, &unicodeDataRec))
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] = unicodeDataRec.C1_TYPE_FLAGS;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lpCharType[i] = 0;
+        }
+#endif /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    }
+
+    GetStringTypeExExit:
+    LOGEXIT("GetStringTypeEx returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetStringTypeExW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+#endif // ENABLE_DOWNLEVEL_FOR_NLS
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetCPInfo
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetCPInfo(
+  IN UINT CodePage,
+  OUT LPCPINFO lpCPInfo)
+{
+    const CP_MAPPING * lpStruct = NULL;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+     
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCPInfo);
+    ENTRY("GetCPInfo(CodePage=%hu, lpCPInfo=%p)\n", CodePage, lpCPInfo);
+
+    /*check if the input code page is valid*/
+    if( CP_ACP != CodePage && !IsValidCodePage( CodePage ) )
+    {
+        /* error, invalid argument */
+        ERROR("CodePage(%d) parameter is invalid\n",CodePage);
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /*check if the lpCPInfo parameter is valid. */
+    if( !lpCPInfo )
+    {
+        /* error, invalid argument */
+        ERROR("lpCPInfo cannot be NULL\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ( NULL != ( lpStruct = CODEPAGEGetData( CodePage ) ) )
+    {
+        lpCPInfo->MaxCharSize = lpStruct->nMaxByteSize;;
+        memcpy( lpCPInfo->LeadByte, lpStruct->LeadByte , MAX_LEADBYTES );
+
+        /* Don't need to be set, according to the spec. */
+        memset( lpCPInfo->DefaultChar, '?', MAX_DEFAULTCHAR );
+
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetCPInfo returns BOOL %d \n",bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCPInfo);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+GetACP
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+UINT
+PALAPI
+GetACP(VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetACP);
+    ENTRY("GetACP(VOID)\n");
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetACP returning UINT %d\n", PAL_ACP );
+    PERF_EXIT(GetACP);
+
+    return PAL_ACP;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+IsDBCSLeadByteEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+IsDBCSLeadByteEx(
+     IN UINT CodePage,
+     IN BYTE TestChar)
+{
+    CPINFO cpinfo;
+    SIZE_T i;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(IsDBCSLeadByteEx);
+    ENTRY("IsDBCSLeadByteEx(CodePage=%#x, TestChar=%d)\n", CodePage, TestChar);
+
+    /* Get the lead byte info with respect to the given codepage*/
+    if( !GetCPInfo( CodePage, &cpinfo ) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Error CodePage(%#x) parameter is invalid\n", CodePage );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    for( i=0; i < sizeof(cpinfo.LeadByte)/sizeof(cpinfo.LeadByte[0]); i += 2 )
+    {
+        if( 0 == cpinfo.LeadByte[ i ] )
+        {
+            goto done;
+        }
+         
+        /*check if the given char is in one of the lead byte ranges*/
+        if( cpinfo.LeadByte[i] <= TestChar && TestChar<= cpinfo.LeadByte[i+1] ) 
+        {
+            bRet = TRUE;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("IsDBCSLeadByteEx returns BOOL %d\n",bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(IsDBCSLeadByteEx);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+IsDBCSLeadByte
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+IsDBCSLeadByte(
+        IN BYTE TestChar)
+{
+    // UNIXTODO: Implement this!
+    ERROR("Needs Implementation!!!");
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+MultiByteToWideChar
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+MultiByteToWideChar(
+        IN UINT CodePage,
+        IN DWORD dwFlags,
+        IN LPCSTR lpMultiByteStr,
+        IN int cbMultiByte,
+        OUT LPWSTR lpWideCharStr,
+        IN int cchWideChar)
+{
+    INT retval =0;
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    CFStringRef cfString = NULL;
+    CFStringEncoding cfEncoding;
+    int bytesToConvert;
+#endif /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MultiByteToWideChar);
+    ENTRY("MultiByteToWideChar(CodePage=%u, dwFlags=%#x, lpMultiByteStr=%p (%s),"
+    " cbMultiByte=%d, lpWideCharStr=%p, cchWideChar=%d)\n",
+    CodePage, dwFlags, lpMultiByteStr?lpMultiByteStr:"NULL", lpMultiByteStr?lpMultiByteStr:"NULL",
+    cbMultiByte, lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar);
+
+    if (dwFlags & ~(MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS | MB_PRECOMPOSED))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error dwFlags(0x%x) parameter is invalid\n", dwFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if ( (cbMultiByte == 0) || (cchWideChar < 0) ||
+        (lpMultiByteStr == NULL) ||
+        ((cchWideChar != 0) &&
+        ((lpWideCharStr == NULL) ||
+        (lpMultiByteStr == (LPSTR)lpWideCharStr))) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Error lpMultiByteStr parameters are invalid\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    // Use UTF8ToUnicode on all systems, since it replaces
+    // invalid characters and Core Foundation doesn't do that.
+    if (CodePage == CP_UTF8 || (CodePage == CP_ACP && GetACP() == CP_UTF8))
+    {
+        if (cbMultiByte <= -1)
+        {
+        cbMultiByte = strlen(lpMultiByteStr) + 1;
+        }
+
+        retval = UTF8ToUnicode(lpMultiByteStr, cbMultiByte, lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar, dwFlags);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+#if !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    ERROR( "This code page is not in the system.\n" );
+    SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+    goto EXIT;
+#else /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    bytesToConvert = cbMultiByte;
+    if (bytesToConvert == -1)
+    {
+        /* Plus one for the trailing '\0', which will end up
+        * in the CFString. */
+        bytesToConvert = strlen(lpMultiByteStr) + 1;
+    }
+
+    cfEncoding = CODEPAGECPToCFStringEncoding(CodePage);
+    if (cfEncoding == kCFStringEncodingInvalidId)
+    {
+        ERROR( "This code page is not in the system.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    cfString = CFStringCreateWithBytes(kCFAllocatorDefault, (UInt8*)lpMultiByteStr,
+                     bytesToConvert, cfEncoding, TRUE);
+    if (cfString == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Failed to convert the string to the specified encoding.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION );
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (cchWideChar != 0)
+    {
+        /* Do the conversion. */
+        CFIndex length = CFStringGetLength(cfString);
+        if (length > cchWideChar)
+        {
+            ERROR("Error insufficient buffer\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+            retval = 0;
+            goto ReleaseString;
+        }
+        CFStringGetCharacters(cfString, CFRangeMake(0, length),
+                (UniChar*)lpWideCharStr);
+        retval = length;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Just return the number of wide characters needed. */
+        retval = CFStringGetLength(cfString);
+    }
+
+ReleaseString:
+    if (cfString != NULL)
+    {
+        CFRelease(cfString);
+    }
+#endif /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+EXIT:
+
+    LOGEXIT("MultiByteToWideChar returns %d.\n",retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(MultiByteToWideChar);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+WideCharToMultiByte
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+WideCharToMultiByte(
+        IN UINT CodePage,
+        IN DWORD dwFlags,
+        IN LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr,
+        IN int cchWideChar,
+        OUT LPSTR lpMultiByteStr,
+        IN int cbMultiByte,
+        IN LPCSTR lpDefaultChar,
+        OUT LPBOOL lpUsedDefaultChar)
+{
+    INT retval =0;
+    char defaultChar = '?';
+    BOOL usedDefaultChar = FALSE;
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    CFStringRef cfString = NULL;
+    CFStringEncoding cfEncoding;
+    int charsToConvert;
+    CFIndex charsConverted;
+    CFIndex bytesConverted;
+#endif /* !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WideCharToMultiByte);
+    ENTRY("WideCharToMultiByte(CodePage=%u, dwFlags=%#x, lpWideCharStr=%p (%S), "
+          "cchWideChar=%d, lpMultiByteStr=%p, cbMultiByte=%d, "
+          "lpDefaultChar=%p, lpUsedDefaultChar=%p)\n",
+          CodePage, dwFlags, lpWideCharStr?lpWideCharStr:W16_NULLSTRING, lpWideCharStr?lpWideCharStr:W16_NULLSTRING,
+          cchWideChar, lpMultiByteStr, cbMultiByte,
+          lpDefaultChar, lpUsedDefaultChar);
+
+    if (dwFlags & ~WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS)
+    {  
+        ERROR("dwFlags %d invalid\n", dwFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    // No special action is needed for WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS. The default
+    // behavior of this API on Unix is not to find the best fit for a unicode 
+    // character that does not map directly into a code point in the given
+    // code page. The best fit functionality is not available in wctomb on Unix
+    // and is better left unimplemented for security reasons anyway.
+
+    if ((cchWideChar < -1) || (cbMultiByte < 0) ||
+        (lpWideCharStr == NULL) ||
+        ((cbMultiByte != 0) &&
+        ((lpMultiByteStr == NULL) ||
+        (lpWideCharStr == (LPWSTR)lpMultiByteStr))) )
+    {
+        ERROR("Error lpWideCharStr parameters are invalid\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (lpDefaultChar != NULL)
+    {
+        defaultChar = *lpDefaultChar;
+    }
+
+    // Use UnicodeToUTF8 on all systems because we use
+    // UTF8ToUnicode in MultiByteToWideChar() on all systems.
+    if (CodePage == CP_UTF8 || (CodePage == CP_ACP && GetACP() == CP_UTF8))
+    {
+        if (cchWideChar == -1)
+        {
+            cchWideChar = PAL_wcslen(lpWideCharStr) + 1; 
+        }
+        retval = UnicodeToUTF8(lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar, lpMultiByteStr, cbMultiByte);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+    charsToConvert = cchWideChar;
+    if (charsToConvert == -1)
+    {
+        LPCWSTR ptr = lpWideCharStr;
+
+        charsToConvert = 0;
+        while(*ptr++ != 0)
+        {
+            charsToConvert++;
+        }
+        charsToConvert++;   /* For the terminating '\0' */
+    }
+
+    cfEncoding = CODEPAGECPToCFStringEncoding(CodePage);
+    if (cfEncoding == kCFStringEncodingInvalidId)
+    {
+        ERROR( "This code page is not in the system.\n" );
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    cfString = CFStringCreateWithCharacters(kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                      (const UniChar*)lpWideCharStr, charsToConvert);
+    if (cfString == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("CFString creation failed.\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (cbMultiByte == 0)
+    {
+        lpMultiByteStr = NULL;
+    }
+    charsConverted = CFStringGetBytes(cfString,
+                    CFRangeMake(0, charsToConvert),
+                    cfEncoding, '?', TRUE, (UInt8*)lpMultiByteStr,
+                    cbMultiByte, &bytesConverted);
+    if (charsConverted != charsToConvert)
+    {
+        if (lpMultiByteStr != NULL)
+        {
+            // CFStringGetBytes can fail due to an insufficient buffer or for
+            // other reasons. We need to check if we're out of buffer space.
+            charsConverted = CFStringGetBytes(cfString,
+                        CFRangeMake(0, charsToConvert),
+                        cfEncoding, '?', TRUE, NULL,
+                        0, &bytesConverted);
+            if (cbMultiByte < bytesConverted)
+            {
+                ERROR("Insufficient buffer for CFStringGetBytes.\n");
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                goto ReleaseString;
+            }
+        }
+        ERROR("Not all characters were converted.\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto ReleaseString;
+    }
+    retval = bytesConverted;
+
+ReleaseString:
+    if (cfString != NULL)
+    {
+        CFRelease(cfString);
+    }
+#else /*HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+    ERROR( "This code page is not in the system.\n" );
+    SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+    goto EXIT;
+#endif /* HAVE_COREFOUNDATION */
+
+EXIT:
+
+    if ( lpUsedDefaultChar != NULL )
+    {
+        *lpUsedDefaultChar = usedDefaultChar;
+    }
+
+    /* Flag the cases when WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS was not specified
+     * but we found characters that had to be replaced with default
+     * characters. Note that Windows would have attempted to find
+     * best fit characters under these conditions and that could pose 
+     * a security risk. 
+     */
+    _ASSERT_MSG((dwFlags & WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS) || !usedDefaultChar,
+          "WideCharToMultiByte found a string which doesn't round trip: (%p)%S "
+          "and WC_NO_BEST_FIT_CHARS was not specified\n", 
+          lpWideCharStr, lpWideCharStr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("WideCharToMultiByte returns INT %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(WideCharToMultiByte);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+extern char * g_szCoreCLRPath;
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+PAL_BindResources - bind the resource domain to the path where the coreclr resides
+
+Returns TRUE if it succeeded, FALSE if it failed due to OOM
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_BindResources(IN LPCSTR lpDomain)
+{
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+    _ASSERTE(g_szCoreCLRPath != NULL);
+    char * coreCLRDirectoryPath;
+    PathCharString coreCLRDirectoryPathPS;
+    int len = strlen(g_szCoreCLRPath);
+    coreCLRDirectoryPath = coreCLRDirectoryPathPS.OpenStringBuffer(len);
+    if (NULL == coreCLRDirectoryPath)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    DWORD size = FILEGetDirectoryFromFullPathA(g_szCoreCLRPath, len, coreCLRDirectoryPath);
+    coreCLRDirectoryPathPS.CloseBuffer(size);
+
+    LPCSTR boundPath = bindtextdomain(lpDomain, coreCLRDirectoryPath);
+
+    return boundPath != NULL;
+#else // __APPLE__
+    // UNIXTODO: Implement for OSX if necessary
+    return TRUE;
+#endif // __APPLE__
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+PAL_GetResourceString - get localized string for a specified resource.
+The string that is passed in should be the English string, since it
+will be returned if an appropriately localized version is not found.
+
+Returns number of characters retrieved, 0 if it failed.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetResourceString(
+        IN LPCSTR lpDomain,
+        IN LPCSTR lpResourceStr,
+        OUT LPWSTR lpWideCharStr,
+        IN int cchWideChar
+      )
+{
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+    // NOTE: dgettext returns the key if it fails to locate the appropriate
+    // resource. In our case, that will be the English string.
+    LPCSTR resourceString = dgettext(lpDomain, lpResourceStr);
+#else // __APPLE__
+    // UNIXTODO: Implement for OSX using the native localization API 
+
+    // This is a temporary solution until we add the real native resource support.
+    LPCSTR resourceString = lpResourceStr;
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+    int length = strlen(resourceString);
+    return UTF8ToUnicode(lpResourceStr, length + 1, lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar, 0);
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/locale/unicode_data.cpp b/src/pal/src/locale/unicode_data.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f9ba166f11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/locale/unicode_data.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1852 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    locale/unicode_data.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Data definitions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/unicode_data.h"
+
+#if !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
+
+CONST UnicodeDataRec UnicodeData[] = {
+
+
+{ 0x0000,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0001,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0002,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0003,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0004,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0005,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0006,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0007,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0008,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0009,	0x0068,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000a,	0x0028,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000b,	0x0028,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000c,	0x0028,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000d,	0x0028,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000e,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x000f,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0010,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0011,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0012,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0013,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0014,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0015,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0016,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0017,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0018,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0019,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001a,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001b,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001c,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001d,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001e,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x001f,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0020,	0x0048,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0021,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0022,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0023,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0024,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0025,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0026,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0027,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0028,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0029,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002d,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x002f,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0030,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0031,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0032,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0033,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0034,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0035,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0036,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0037,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0038,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0039,	0x0084,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003d,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x003f,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0040,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0041,	0x0181,	0x0061,	0 },
+{ 0x0042,	0x0181,	0x0062,	0 },
+{ 0x0043,	0x0181,	0x0063,	0 },
+{ 0x0044,	0x0181,	0x0064,	0 },
+{ 0x0045,	0x0181,	0x0065,	0 },
+{ 0x0046,	0x0181,	0x0066,	0 },
+{ 0x0047,	0x0101,	0x0067,	0 },
+{ 0x0048,	0x0101,	0x0068,	0 },
+{ 0x0049,	0x0101,	0x0069,	0 },
+{ 0x004a,	0x0101,	0x006a,	0 },
+{ 0x004b,	0x0101,	0x006b,	0 },
+{ 0x004c,	0x0101,	0x006c,	0 },
+{ 0x004d,	0x0101,	0x006d,	0 },
+{ 0x004e,	0x0101,	0x006e,	0 },
+{ 0x004f,	0x0101,	0x006f,	0 },
+{ 0x0050,	0x0101,	0x0070,	0 },
+{ 0x0051,	0x0101,	0x0071,	0 },
+{ 0x0052,	0x0101,	0x0072,	0 },
+{ 0x0053,	0x0101,	0x0073,	0 },
+{ 0x0054,	0x0101,	0x0074,	0 },
+{ 0x0055,	0x0101,	0x0075,	0 },
+{ 0x0056,	0x0101,	0x0076,	0 },
+{ 0x0057,	0x0101,	0x0077,	0 },
+{ 0x0058,	0x0101,	0x0078,	0 },
+{ 0x0059,	0x0101,	0x0079,	0 },
+{ 0x005a,	0x0101,	0x007a,	0 },
+{ 0x005b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x005c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x005d,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x005e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x005f,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0060,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0061,	0x0182,	0x0041,	0 },
+{ 0x0062,	0x0182,	0x0042,	0 },
+{ 0x0063,	0x0182,	0x0043,	0 },
+{ 0x0064,	0x0182,	0x0044,	0 },
+{ 0x0065,	0x0182,	0x0045,	0 },
+{ 0x0066,	0x0182,	0x0046,	0 },
+{ 0x0067,	0x0102,	0x0047,	0 },
+{ 0x0068,	0x0102,	0x0048,	0 },
+{ 0x0069,	0x0102,	0x0049,	0 },
+{ 0x006a,	0x0102,	0x004a,	0 },
+{ 0x006b,	0x0102,	0x004b,	0 },
+{ 0x006c,	0x0102,	0x004c,	0 },
+{ 0x006d,	0x0102,	0x004d,	0 },
+{ 0x006e,	0x0102,	0x004e,	0 },
+{ 0x006f,	0x0102,	0x004f,	0 },
+{ 0x0070,	0x0102,	0x0050,	0 },
+{ 0x0071,	0x0102,	0x0051,	0 },
+{ 0x0072,	0x0102,	0x0052,	0 },
+{ 0x0073,	0x0102,	0x0053,	0 },
+{ 0x0074,	0x0102,	0x0054,	0 },
+{ 0x0075,	0x0102,	0x0055,	0 },
+{ 0x0076,	0x0102,	0x0056,	0 },
+{ 0x0077,	0x0102,	0x0057,	0 },
+{ 0x0078,	0x0102,	0x0058,	0 },
+{ 0x0079,	0x0102,	0x0059,	0 },
+{ 0x007a,	0x0102,	0x005a,	0 },
+{ 0x007b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x007c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x007d,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x007e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x007f,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0080,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0081,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0082,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0083,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0084,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0085,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0086,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0087,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0088,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0089,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008a,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008b,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008c,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008d,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008e,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x008f,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0090,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0091,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0092,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0093,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0094,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0095,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0096,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0097,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0098,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0099,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009a,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009b,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009c,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009d,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009e,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x009f,	0x0020,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a0,	0x0048,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a1,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a2,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a3,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a4,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a5,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a6,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a7,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a8,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00a9,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00aa,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ab,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ac,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ad,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ae,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00af,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b0,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b1,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b2,	0x0014,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b3,	0x0014,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b4,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b5,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b6,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b7,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b8,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00b9,	0x0014,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ba,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00bb,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00bc,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00bd,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00be,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00bf,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c0,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c1,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c2,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c3,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c4,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c5,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c6,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c7,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c8,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00c9,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ca,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00cb,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00cc,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00cd,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ce,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00cf,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d0,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d1,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d2,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d3,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d4,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d5,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d6,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d7,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d8,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00d9,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00da,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00db,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00dc,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00dd,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00de,	0x0101,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00df,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e0,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e1,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e2,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e3,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e4,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e5,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e6,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e7,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e8,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00e9,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ea,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00eb,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ec,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ed,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ee,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ef,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f0,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f1,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f2,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f3,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f4,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f5,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f6,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f7,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f8,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00f9,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00fa,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00fb,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00fc,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00fd,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00fe,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x00ff,	0x0102,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0100,	0x0101,	0x0100,	0 },
+{ 0x0101,	0x0102,	0x0101,	0 },
+{ 0x0102,	0x0101,	0x0102,	0 },
+{ 0x0103,	0x0102,	0x0103,	0 },
+{ 0x0104,	0x0101,	0x0104,	0 },
+{ 0x0105,	0x0102,	0x0105,	0 },
+{ 0x0106,	0x0101,	0x0106,	0 },
+{ 0x0107,	0x0102,	0x0107,	0 },
+{ 0x0108,	0x0101,	0x0108,	0 },
+{ 0x0109,	0x0102,	0x0109,	0 },
+{ 0x010a,	0x0101,	0x010a,	0 },
+{ 0x010b,	0x0102,	0x010b,	0 },
+{ 0x010c,	0x0101,	0x010c,	0 },
+{ 0x010d,	0x0102,	0x010d,	0 },
+{ 0x010e,	0x0101,	0x010e,	0 },
+{ 0x010f,	0x0102,	0x010f,	0 },
+{ 0x0110,	0x0101,	0x0110,	0 },
+{ 0x0111,	0x0102,	0x0111,	0 },
+{ 0x0112,	0x0101,	0x0112,	0 },
+{ 0x0113,	0x0102,	0x0113,	0 },
+{ 0x0114,	0x0101,	0x0114,	0 },
+{ 0x0115,	0x0102,	0x0115,	0 },
+{ 0x0116,	0x0101,	0x0116,	0 },
+{ 0x0117,	0x0102,	0x0117,	0 },
+{ 0x0118,	0x0101,	0x0118,	0 },
+{ 0x0119,	0x0102,	0x0119,	0 },
+{ 0x011a,	0x0101,	0x011a,	0 },
+{ 0x011b,	0x0102,	0x011b,	0 },
+{ 0x011c,	0x0101,	0x011c,	0 },
+{ 0x011d,	0x0102,	0x011d,	0 },
+{ 0x011e,	0x0101,	0x011e,	0 },
+{ 0x011f,	0x0102,	0x011f,	0 },
+{ 0x0120,	0x0101,	0x0120,	0 },
+{ 0x0121,	0x0102,	0x0121,	0 },
+{ 0x0122,	0x0101,	0x0122,	0 },
+{ 0x0123,	0x0102,	0x0123,	0 },
+{ 0x0124,	0x0101,	0x0124,	0 },
+{ 0x0125,	0x0102,	0x0125,	0 },
+{ 0x0126,	0x0101,	0x0126,	0 },
+{ 0x0127,	0x0102,	0x0127,	0 },
+{ 0x0128,	0x0101,	0x0128,	0 },
+{ 0x0129,	0x0102,	0x0129,	0 },
+{ 0x012a,	0x0101,	0x012a,	0 },
+{ 0x012b,	0x0102,	0x012b,	0 },
+{ 0x012c,	0x0101,	0x012c,	0 },
+{ 0x012d,	0x0102,	0x012d,	0 },
+{ 0x012e,	0x0101,	0x012e,	0 },
+{ 0x012f,	0x0102,	0x012f,	0 },
+{ 0x0130,	0x0101,	0x0130,	0 },
+{ 0x0131,	0x0102,	0x0131,	0 },
+{ 0x0132,	0x0101,	0x0132,	0 },
+{ 0x0133,	0x0102,	0x0133,	0 },
+{ 0x0134,	0x0101,	0x0134,	0 },
+{ 0x0135,	0x0102,	0x0135,	0 },
+{ 0x0136,	0x0101,	0x0136,	0 },
+{ 0x0137,	0x0102,	0x0137,	0 },
+{ 0x0138,	0x0102,	0x0138,	0 },
+{ 0x0139,	0x0101,	0x0139,	0 },
+{ 0x013a,	0x0102,	0x013a,	0 },
+{ 0x013b,	0x0101,	0x013b,	0 },
+{ 0x013c,	0x0102,	0x013c,	0 },
+{ 0x013d,	0x0101,	0x013d,	0 },
+{ 0x013e,	0x0102,	0x013e,	0 },
+{ 0x013f,	0x0101,	0x013f,	0 },
+{ 0x0140,	0x0102,	0x0140,	0 },
+{ 0x0141,	0x0101,	0x0141,	0 },
+{ 0x0142,	0x0102,	0x0142,	0 },
+{ 0x0143,	0x0101,	0x0143,	0 },
+{ 0x0144,	0x0102,	0x0144,	0 },
+{ 0x0145,	0x0101,	0x0145,	0 },
+{ 0x0146,	0x0102,	0x0146,	0 },
+{ 0x0147,	0x0101,	0x0147,	0 },
+{ 0x0148,	0x0102,	0x0148,	0 },
+{ 0x0149,	0x0102,	0x0149,	0 },
+{ 0x014a,	0x0101,	0x014a,	0 },
+{ 0x014b,	0x0102,	0x014b,	0 },
+{ 0x014c,	0x0101,	0x014c,	0 },
+{ 0x014d,	0x0102,	0x014d,	0 },
+{ 0x014e,	0x0101,	0x014e,	0 },
+{ 0x014f,	0x0102,	0x014f,	0 },
+{ 0x0150,	0x0101,	0x0150,	0 },
+{ 0x0151,	0x0102,	0x0151,	0 },
+{ 0x0152,	0x0101,	0x0152,	0 },
+{ 0x0153,	0x0102,	0x0153,	0 },
+{ 0x0154,	0x0101,	0x0154,	0 },
+{ 0x0155,	0x0102,	0x0155,	0 },
+{ 0x0156,	0x0101,	0x0156,	0 },
+{ 0x0157,	0x0102,	0x0157,	0 },
+{ 0x0158,	0x0101,	0x0158,	0 },
+{ 0x0159,	0x0102,	0x0159,	0 },
+{ 0x015a,	0x0101,	0x015a,	0 },
+{ 0x015b,	0x0102,	0x015b,	0 },
+{ 0x015c,	0x0101,	0x015c,	0 },
+{ 0x015d,	0x0102,	0x015d,	0 },
+{ 0x015e,	0x0101,	0x015e,	0 },
+{ 0x015f,	0x0102,	0x015f,	0 },
+{ 0x0160,	0x0101,	0x0160,	0 },
+{ 0x0161,	0x0102,	0x0161,	0 },
+{ 0x0162,	0x0101,	0x0162,	0 },
+{ 0x0163,	0x0102,	0x0163,	0 },
+{ 0x0164,	0x0101,	0x0164,	0 },
+{ 0x0165,	0x0102,	0x0165,	0 },
+{ 0x0166,	0x0101,	0x0166,	0 },
+{ 0x0167,	0x0102,	0x0167,	0 },
+{ 0x0168,	0x0101,	0x0168,	0 },
+{ 0x0169,	0x0102,	0x0169,	0 },
+{ 0x016a,	0x0101,	0x016a,	0 },
+{ 0x016b,	0x0102,	0x016b,	0 },
+{ 0x016c,	0x0101,	0x016c,	0 },
+{ 0x016d,	0x0102,	0x016d,	0 },
+{ 0x016e,	0x0101,	0x016e,	0 },
+{ 0x016f,	0x0102,	0x016f,	0 },
+{ 0x0170,	0x0101,	0x0170,	0 },
+{ 0x0171,	0x0102,	0x0171,	0 },
+{ 0x0172,	0x0101,	0x0172,	0 },
+{ 0x0173,	0x0102,	0x0173,	0 },
+{ 0x0174,	0x0101,	0x0174,	0 },
+{ 0x0175,	0x0102,	0x0175,	0 },
+{ 0x0176,	0x0101,	0x0176,	0 },
+{ 0x0177,	0x0102,	0x0177,	0 },
+{ 0x0178,	0x0101,	0x0178,	0 },
+{ 0x0179,	0x0101,	0x0179,	0 },
+{ 0x017a,	0x0102,	0x017a,	0 },
+{ 0x017b,	0x0101,	0x017b,	0 },
+{ 0x017c,	0x0102,	0x017c,	0 },
+{ 0x017d,	0x0101,	0x017d,	0 },
+{ 0x017e,	0x0102,	0x017e,	0 },
+{ 0x017f,	0x0102,	0x017f,	0 },
+{ 0x0180,	0x0102,	0x0180,	0 },
+{ 0x0181,	0x0101,	0x0181,	0 },
+{ 0x0182,	0x0101,	0x0182,	0 },
+{ 0x0183,	0x0102,	0x0183,	0 },
+{ 0x0184,	0x0101,	0x0184,	0 },
+{ 0x0185,	0x0102,	0x0185,	0 },
+{ 0x0186,	0x0101,	0x0186,	0 },
+{ 0x0187,	0x0101,	0x0187,	0 },
+{ 0x0188,	0x0102,	0x0188,	0 },
+{ 0x0189,	0x0101,	0x0189,	0 },
+{ 0x018a,	0x0101,	0x018a,	0 },
+{ 0x018b,	0x0101,	0x018b,	0 },
+{ 0x018c,	0x0102,	0x018c,	0 },
+{ 0x018d,	0x0102,	0x018d,	0 },
+{ 0x018e,	0x0101,	0x018e,	0 },
+{ 0x018f,	0x0101,	0x018f,	0 },
+{ 0x0190,	0x0101,	0x0190,	0 },
+{ 0x0191,	0x0101,	0x0191,	0 },
+{ 0x0192,	0x0112,	0x0192,	0 },
+{ 0x0193,	0x0101,	0x0193,	0 },
+{ 0x0194,	0x0101,	0x0194,	0 },
+{ 0x0195,	0x0102,	0x0195,	0 },
+{ 0x0196,	0x0101,	0x0196,	0 },
+{ 0x0197,	0x0101,	0x0197,	0 },
+{ 0x0198,	0x0101,	0x0198,	0 },
+{ 0x0199,	0x0102,	0x0199,	0 },
+{ 0x019a,	0x0102,	0x019a,	0 },
+{ 0x019b,	0x0102,	0x019b,	0 },
+{ 0x019c,	0x0101,	0x019c,	0 },
+{ 0x019d,	0x0101,	0x019d,	0 },
+{ 0x019e,	0x0102,	0x019e,	0 },
+{ 0x019f,	0x0101,	0x019f,	0 },
+{ 0x01a0,	0x0101,	0x01a0,	0 },
+{ 0x01a1,	0x0102,	0x01a1,	0 },
+{ 0x01a2,	0x0101,	0x01a2,	0 },
+{ 0x01a3,	0x0102,	0x01a3,	0 },
+{ 0x01a4,	0x0101,	0x01a4,	0 },
+{ 0x01a5,	0x0102,	0x01a5,	0 },
+{ 0x01a6,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x01a7,	0x0101,	0x01a7,	0 },
+{ 0x01a8,	0x0102,	0x01a8,	0 },
+{ 0x01a9,	0x0101,	0x01a9,	0 },
+{ 0x01aa,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x01ab,	0x0102,	0x01ab,	0 },
+{ 0x01ac,	0x0101,	0x01ac,	0 },
+{ 0x01ad,	0x0102,	0x01ad,	0 },
+{ 0x01ae,	0x0101,	0x01ae,	0 },
+{ 0x01af,	0x0101,	0x01af,	0 },
+{ 0x01b0,	0x0102,	0x01b0,	0 },
+{ 0x01b1,	0x0101,	0x01b1,	0 },
+{ 0x01b2,	0x0101,	0x01b2,	0 },
+{ 0x01b3,	0x0101,	0x01b3,	0 },
+{ 0x01b4,	0x0102,	0x01b4,	0 },
+{ 0x01b5,	0x0101,	0x01b5,	0 },
+{ 0x01b6,	0x0102,	0x01b6,	0 },
+{ 0x01b7,	0x0101,	0x01b7,	0 },
+{ 0x01b8,	0x0101,	0x01b8,	0 },
+{ 0x01b9,	0x0102,	0x01b9,	0 },
+{ 0x01ba,	0x0102,	0x01ba,	0 },
+{ 0x01bb,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x01bc,	0x0101,	0x01bc,	0 },
+{ 0x01bd,	0x0102,	0x01bd,	0 },
+{ 0x01be,	0x0100,	0x0000,	5 },
+{ 0x01c4,	0x0101,	0x01c4,	0 },
+{ 0x01c5,	0x0103,	0x01c5,	0 },
+{ 0x01c6,	0x0102,	0x01c6,	0 },
+{ 0x01c7,	0x0101,	0x01c7,	0 },
+{ 0x01c8,	0x0103,	0x01c8,	0 },
+{ 0x01c9,	0x0102,	0x01c9,	0 },
+{ 0x01ca,	0x0101,	0x01ca,	0 },
+{ 0x01cb,	0x0103,	0x01cb,	0 },
+{ 0x01cc,	0x0102,	0x01cc,	0 },
+{ 0x01cd,	0x0101,	0x01cd,	0 },
+{ 0x01ce,	0x0102,	0x01ce,	0 },
+{ 0x01cf,	0x0101,	0x01cf,	0 },
+{ 0x01d0,	0x0102,	0x01d0,	0 },
+{ 0x01d1,	0x0101,	0x01d1,	0 },
+{ 0x01d2,	0x0102,	0x01d2,	0 },
+{ 0x01d3,	0x0101,	0x01d3,	0 },
+{ 0x01d4,	0x0102,	0x01d4,	0 },
+{ 0x01d5,	0x0101,	0x01d5,	0 },
+{ 0x01d6,	0x0102,	0x01d6,	0 },
+{ 0x01d7,	0x0101,	0x01d7,	0 },
+{ 0x01d8,	0x0102,	0x01d8,	0 },
+{ 0x01d9,	0x0101,	0x01d9,	0 },
+{ 0x01da,	0x0102,	0x01da,	0 },
+{ 0x01db,	0x0101,	0x01db,	0 },
+{ 0x01dc,	0x0102,	0x01dc,	0 },
+{ 0x01dd,	0x0102,	0x01dd,	0 },
+{ 0x01de,	0x0101,	0x01de,	0 },
+{ 0x01df,	0x0102,	0x01df,	0 },
+{ 0x01e0,	0x0101,	0x01e0,	0 },
+{ 0x01e1,	0x0102,	0x01e1,	0 },
+{ 0x01e2,	0x0101,	0x01e2,	0 },
+{ 0x01e3,	0x0102,	0x01e3,	0 },
+{ 0x01e4,	0x0101,	0x01e4,	0 },
+{ 0x01e5,	0x0102,	0x01e5,	0 },
+{ 0x01e6,	0x0101,	0x01e6,	0 },
+{ 0x01e7,	0x0102,	0x01e7,	0 },
+{ 0x01e8,	0x0101,	0x01e8,	0 },
+{ 0x01e9,	0x0102,	0x01e9,	0 },
+{ 0x01ea,	0x0101,	0x01ea,	0 },
+{ 0x01eb,	0x0102,	0x01eb,	0 },
+{ 0x01ec,	0x0101,	0x01ec,	0 },
+{ 0x01ed,	0x0102,	0x01ed,	0 },
+{ 0x01ee,	0x0101,	0x01ee,	0 },
+{ 0x01ef,	0x0102,	0x01ef,	0 },
+{ 0x01f0,	0x0102,	0x01f0,	0 },
+{ 0x01f1,	0x0101,	0x01f1,	0 },
+{ 0x01f2,	0x0103,	0x01f2,	0 },
+{ 0x01f3,	0x0102,	0x01f3,	0 },
+{ 0x01f4,	0x0101,	0x01f4,	0 },
+{ 0x01f5,	0x0102,	0x01f5,	0 },
+{ 0x01fa,	0x0101,	0x01fa,	0 },
+{ 0x01fb,	0x0102,	0x01fb,	0 },
+{ 0x01fc,	0x0101,	0x01fc,	0 },
+{ 0x01fd,	0x0102,	0x01fd,	0 },
+{ 0x01fe,	0x0101,	0x01fe,	0 },
+{ 0x01ff,	0x0102,	0x01ff,	0 },
+{ 0x0200,	0x0101,	0x0200,	0 },
+{ 0x0201,	0x0102,	0x0201,	0 },
+{ 0x0202,	0x0101,	0x0202,	0 },
+{ 0x0203,	0x0102,	0x0203,	0 },
+{ 0x0204,	0x0101,	0x0204,	0 },
+{ 0x0205,	0x0102,	0x0205,	0 },
+{ 0x0206,	0x0101,	0x0206,	0 },
+{ 0x0207,	0x0102,	0x0207,	0 },
+{ 0x0208,	0x0101,	0x0208,	0 },
+{ 0x0209,	0x0102,	0x0209,	0 },
+{ 0x020a,	0x0101,	0x020a,	0 },
+{ 0x020b,	0x0102,	0x020b,	0 },
+{ 0x020c,	0x0101,	0x020c,	0 },
+{ 0x020d,	0x0102,	0x020d,	0 },
+{ 0x020e,	0x0101,	0x020e,	0 },
+{ 0x020f,	0x0102,	0x020f,	0 },
+{ 0x0210,	0x0101,	0x0210,	0 },
+{ 0x0211,	0x0102,	0x0211,	0 },
+{ 0x0212,	0x0101,	0x0212,	0 },
+{ 0x0213,	0x0102,	0x0213,	0 },
+{ 0x0214,	0x0101,	0x0214,	0 },
+{ 0x0215,	0x0102,	0x0215,	0 },
+{ 0x0216,	0x0101,	0x0216,	0 },
+{ 0x0217,	0x0102,	0x0217,	0 },
+{ 0x0250,	0x0102,	0x0250,	0 },
+{ 0x0251,	0x0102,	0x0251,	0 },
+{ 0x0252,	0x0102,	0x0252,	0 },
+{ 0x0253,	0x0102,	0x0253,	0 },
+{ 0x0254,	0x0102,	0x0254,	0 },
+{ 0x0255,	0x0102,	0x0255,	0 },
+{ 0x0256,	0x0102,	0x0256,	0 },
+{ 0x0257,	0x0102,	0x0257,	0 },
+{ 0x0258,	0x0102,	0x0258,	0 },
+{ 0x0259,	0x0102,	0x0259,	0 },
+{ 0x025a,	0x0102,	0x025a,	0 },
+{ 0x025b,	0x0102,	0x025b,	0 },
+{ 0x025c,	0x0102,	0x025c,	0 },
+{ 0x025d,	0x0102,	0x025d,	0 },
+{ 0x025e,	0x0102,	0x025e,	0 },
+{ 0x025f,	0x0102,	0x025f,	0 },
+{ 0x0260,	0x0102,	0x0260,	0 },
+{ 0x0261,	0x0102,	0x0261,	0 },
+{ 0x0262,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0263,	0x0102,	0x0263,	0 },
+{ 0x0264,	0x0102,	0x0264,	0 },
+{ 0x0265,	0x0102,	0x0265,	0 },
+{ 0x0266,	0x0102,	0x0266,	0 },
+{ 0x0267,	0x0102,	0x0267,	0 },
+{ 0x0268,	0x0102,	0x0268,	0 },
+{ 0x0269,	0x0102,	0x0269,	0 },
+{ 0x026a,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x026b,	0x0102,	0x026b,	0 },
+{ 0x026c,	0x0102,	0x026c,	0 },
+{ 0x026d,	0x0102,	0x026d,	0 },
+{ 0x026e,	0x0102,	0x026e,	0 },
+{ 0x026f,	0x0102,	0x026f,	0 },
+{ 0x0270,	0x0102,	0x0270,	0 },
+{ 0x0271,	0x0102,	0x0271,	0 },
+{ 0x0272,	0x0102,	0x0272,	0 },
+{ 0x0273,	0x0102,	0x0273,	0 },
+{ 0x0274,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0275,	0x0102,	0x0275,	0 },
+{ 0x0276,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0277,	0x0102,	0x0277,	0 },
+{ 0x0278,	0x0102,	0x0278,	0 },
+{ 0x0279,	0x0102,	0x0279,	0 },
+{ 0x027a,	0x0102,	0x027a,	0 },
+{ 0x027b,	0x0102,	0x027b,	0 },
+{ 0x027c,	0x0102,	0x027c,	0 },
+{ 0x027d,	0x0102,	0x027d,	0 },
+{ 0x027e,	0x0102,	0x027e,	0 },
+{ 0x027f,	0x0102,	0x027f,	0 },
+{ 0x0280,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0282,	0x0102,	0x0282,	0 },
+{ 0x0283,	0x0102,	0x0283,	0 },
+{ 0x0284,	0x0102,	0x0284,	0 },
+{ 0x0285,	0x0102,	0x0285,	0 },
+{ 0x0286,	0x0102,	0x0286,	0 },
+{ 0x0287,	0x0102,	0x0287,	0 },
+{ 0x0288,	0x0102,	0x0288,	0 },
+{ 0x0289,	0x0102,	0x0289,	0 },
+{ 0x028a,	0x0102,	0x028a,	0 },
+{ 0x028b,	0x0102,	0x028b,	0 },
+{ 0x028c,	0x0102,	0x028c,	0 },
+{ 0x028d,	0x0102,	0x028d,	0 },
+{ 0x028e,	0x0102,	0x028e,	0 },
+{ 0x028f,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0290,	0x0102,	0x0290,	0 },
+{ 0x0291,	0x0102,	0x0291,	0 },
+{ 0x0292,	0x0102,	0x0292,	0 },
+{ 0x0293,	0x0102,	0x0293,	0 },
+{ 0x0294,	0x0100,	0x0000,	5 },
+{ 0x029a,	0x0102,	0x029a,	0 },
+{ 0x029b,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x029d,	0x0102,	0x029d,	0 },
+{ 0x029e,	0x0102,	0x029e,	0 },
+{ 0x029f,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x02a0,	0x0102,	0x02a0,	0 },
+{ 0x02a1,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x02a3,	0x0102,	0x02a3,	0 },
+{ 0x02a4,	0x0102,	0x02a4,	0 },
+{ 0x02a5,	0x0102,	0x02a5,	0 },
+{ 0x02a6,	0x0102,	0x02a6,	0 },
+{ 0x02a7,	0x0102,	0x02a7,	0 },
+{ 0x02a8,	0x0102,	0x02a8,	0 },
+{ 0x02b0,	0x0010,	0x0000,	134 },
+{ 0x0386,	0x0101,	0x0386,	0 },
+{ 0x0387,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0388,	0x0101,	0x0388,	0 },
+{ 0x0389,	0x0101,	0x0389,	0 },
+{ 0x038a,	0x0101,	0x038a,	0 },
+{ 0x038c,	0x0101,	0x038c,	0 },
+{ 0x038e,	0x0101,	0x038e,	0 },
+{ 0x038f,	0x0101,	0x038f,	0 },
+{ 0x0390,	0x0102,	0x0390,	0 },
+{ 0x0391,	0x0101,	0x0391,	0 },
+{ 0x0392,	0x0101,	0x0392,	0 },
+{ 0x0393,	0x0101,	0x0393,	0 },
+{ 0x0394,	0x0101,	0x0394,	0 },
+{ 0x0395,	0x0101,	0x0395,	0 },
+{ 0x0396,	0x0101,	0x0396,	0 },
+{ 0x0397,	0x0101,	0x0397,	0 },
+{ 0x0398,	0x0101,	0x0398,	0 },
+{ 0x0399,	0x0101,	0x0399,	0 },
+{ 0x039a,	0x0101,	0x039a,	0 },
+{ 0x039b,	0x0101,	0x039b,	0 },
+{ 0x039c,	0x0101,	0x039c,	0 },
+{ 0x039d,	0x0101,	0x039d,	0 },
+{ 0x039e,	0x0101,	0x039e,	0 },
+{ 0x039f,	0x0101,	0x039f,	0 },
+{ 0x03a0,	0x0101,	0x03a0,	0 },
+{ 0x03a1,	0x0101,	0x03a1,	0 },
+{ 0x03a3,	0x0101,	0x03a3,	0 },
+{ 0x03a4,	0x0101,	0x03a4,	0 },
+{ 0x03a5,	0x0101,	0x03a5,	0 },
+{ 0x03a6,	0x0101,	0x03a6,	0 },
+{ 0x03a7,	0x0101,	0x03a7,	0 },
+{ 0x03a8,	0x0101,	0x03a8,	0 },
+{ 0x03a9,	0x0101,	0x03a9,	0 },
+{ 0x03aa,	0x0101,	0x03aa,	0 },
+{ 0x03ab,	0x0101,	0x03ab,	0 },
+{ 0x03ac,	0x0102,	0x03ac,	0 },
+{ 0x03ad,	0x0102,	0x03ad,	0 },
+{ 0x03ae,	0x0102,	0x03ae,	0 },
+{ 0x03af,	0x0102,	0x03af,	0 },
+{ 0x03b0,	0x0102,	0x03b0,	0 },
+{ 0x03b1,	0x0102,	0x03b1,	0 },
+{ 0x03b2,	0x0102,	0x03b2,	0 },
+{ 0x03b3,	0x0102,	0x03b3,	0 },
+{ 0x03b4,	0x0102,	0x03b4,	0 },
+{ 0x03b5,	0x0102,	0x03b5,	0 },
+{ 0x03b6,	0x0102,	0x03b6,	0 },
+{ 0x03b7,	0x0102,	0x03b7,	0 },
+{ 0x03b8,	0x0102,	0x03b8,	0 },
+{ 0x03b9,	0x0102,	0x03b9,	0 },
+{ 0x03ba,	0x0102,	0x03ba,	0 },
+{ 0x03bb,	0x0102,	0x03bb,	0 },
+{ 0x03bc,	0x0102,	0x03bc,	0 },
+{ 0x03bd,	0x0102,	0x03bd,	0 },
+{ 0x03be,	0x0102,	0x03be,	0 },
+{ 0x03bf,	0x0102,	0x03bf,	0 },
+{ 0x03c0,	0x0102,	0x03c0,	0 },
+{ 0x03c1,	0x0102,	0x03c1,	0 },
+{ 0x03c2,	0x0102,	0x03c2,	0 },
+{ 0x03c3,	0x0102,	0x03c3,	0 },
+{ 0x03c4,	0x0102,	0x03c4,	0 },
+{ 0x03c5,	0x0102,	0x03c5,	0 },
+{ 0x03c6,	0x0102,	0x03c6,	0 },
+{ 0x03c7,	0x0102,	0x03c7,	0 },
+{ 0x03c8,	0x0102,	0x03c8,	0 },
+{ 0x03c9,	0x0102,	0x03c9,	0 },
+{ 0x03ca,	0x0102,	0x03ca,	0 },
+{ 0x03cb,	0x0102,	0x03cb,	0 },
+{ 0x03cc,	0x0102,	0x03cc,	0 },
+{ 0x03cd,	0x0102,	0x03cd,	0 },
+{ 0x03ce,	0x0102,	0x03ce,	0 },
+{ 0x03d0,	0x0102,	0x03d0,	0 },
+{ 0x03d1,	0x0102,	0x03d1,	0 },
+{ 0x03d2,	0x0101,	0x03d2,	0 },
+{ 0x03d3,	0x0101,	0x03d3,	0 },
+{ 0x03d4,	0x0101,	0x03d4,	0 },
+{ 0x03d5,	0x0102,	0x03d5,	0 },
+{ 0x03d6,	0x0102,	0x03d6,	0 },
+{ 0x03da,	0x0101,	0x03da,	0 },
+{ 0x03dc,	0x0101,	0x03dc,	0 },
+{ 0x03de,	0x0101,	0x03de,	0 },
+{ 0x03e0,	0x0101,	0x03e0,	0 },
+{ 0x03e2,	0x0101,	0x03e2,	0 },
+{ 0x03e3,	0x0102,	0x03e3,	0 },
+{ 0x03e4,	0x0101,	0x03e4,	0 },
+{ 0x03e5,	0x0102,	0x03e5,	0 },
+{ 0x03e6,	0x0101,	0x03e6,	0 },
+{ 0x03e7,	0x0102,	0x03e7,	0 },
+{ 0x03e8,	0x0101,	0x03e8,	0 },
+{ 0x03e9,	0x0102,	0x03e9,	0 },
+{ 0x03ea,	0x0101,	0x03ea,	0 },
+{ 0x03eb,	0x0102,	0x03eb,	0 },
+{ 0x03ec,	0x0101,	0x03ec,	0 },
+{ 0x03ed,	0x0102,	0x03ed,	0 },
+{ 0x03ee,	0x0101,	0x03ee,	0 },
+{ 0x03ef,	0x0102,	0x03ef,	0 },
+{ 0x03f0,	0x0102,	0x03f0,	0 },
+{ 0x03f1,	0x0102,	0x03f1,	0 },
+{ 0x03f2,	0x0102,	0x03f2,	0 },
+{ 0x03f3,	0x0102,	0x03f3,	0 },
+{ 0x0401,	0x0101,	0x0401,	0 },
+{ 0x0402,	0x0101,	0x0402,	0 },
+{ 0x0403,	0x0101,	0x0403,	0 },
+{ 0x0404,	0x0101,	0x0404,	0 },
+{ 0x0405,	0x0101,	0x0405,	0 },
+{ 0x0406,	0x0101,	0x0406,	0 },
+{ 0x0407,	0x0101,	0x0407,	0 },
+{ 0x0408,	0x0101,	0x0408,	0 },
+{ 0x0409,	0x0101,	0x0409,	0 },
+{ 0x040a,	0x0101,	0x040a,	0 },
+{ 0x040b,	0x0101,	0x040b,	0 },
+{ 0x040c,	0x0101,	0x040c,	0 },
+{ 0x040e,	0x0101,	0x040e,	0 },
+{ 0x040f,	0x0101,	0x040f,	0 },
+{ 0x0410,	0x0101,	0x0410,	0 },
+{ 0x0411,	0x0101,	0x0411,	0 },
+{ 0x0412,	0x0101,	0x0412,	0 },
+{ 0x0413,	0x0101,	0x0413,	0 },
+{ 0x0414,	0x0101,	0x0414,	0 },
+{ 0x0415,	0x0101,	0x0415,	0 },
+{ 0x0416,	0x0101,	0x0416,	0 },
+{ 0x0417,	0x0101,	0x0417,	0 },
+{ 0x0418,	0x0101,	0x0418,	0 },
+{ 0x0419,	0x0101,	0x0419,	0 },
+{ 0x041a,	0x0101,	0x041a,	0 },
+{ 0x041b,	0x0101,	0x041b,	0 },
+{ 0x041c,	0x0101,	0x041c,	0 },
+{ 0x041d,	0x0101,	0x041d,	0 },
+{ 0x041e,	0x0101,	0x041e,	0 },
+{ 0x041f,	0x0101,	0x041f,	0 },
+{ 0x0420,	0x0101,	0x0420,	0 },
+{ 0x0421,	0x0101,	0x0421,	0 },
+{ 0x0422,	0x0101,	0x0422,	0 },
+{ 0x0423,	0x0101,	0x0423,	0 },
+{ 0x0424,	0x0101,	0x0424,	0 },
+{ 0x0425,	0x0101,	0x0425,	0 },
+{ 0x0426,	0x0101,	0x0426,	0 },
+{ 0x0427,	0x0101,	0x0427,	0 },
+{ 0x0428,	0x0101,	0x0428,	0 },
+{ 0x0429,	0x0101,	0x0429,	0 },
+{ 0x042a,	0x0101,	0x042a,	0 },
+{ 0x042b,	0x0101,	0x042b,	0 },
+{ 0x042c,	0x0101,	0x042c,	0 },
+{ 0x042d,	0x0101,	0x042d,	0 },
+{ 0x042e,	0x0101,	0x042e,	0 },
+{ 0x042f,	0x0101,	0x042f,	0 },
+{ 0x0430,	0x0102,	0x0430,	0 },
+{ 0x0431,	0x0102,	0x0431,	0 },
+{ 0x0432,	0x0102,	0x0432,	0 },
+{ 0x0433,	0x0102,	0x0433,	0 },
+{ 0x0434,	0x0102,	0x0434,	0 },
+{ 0x0435,	0x0102,	0x0435,	0 },
+{ 0x0436,	0x0102,	0x0436,	0 },
+{ 0x0437,	0x0102,	0x0437,	0 },
+{ 0x0438,	0x0102,	0x0438,	0 },
+{ 0x0439,	0x0102,	0x0439,	0 },
+{ 0x043a,	0x0102,	0x043a,	0 },
+{ 0x043b,	0x0102,	0x043b,	0 },
+{ 0x043c,	0x0102,	0x043c,	0 },
+{ 0x043d,	0x0102,	0x043d,	0 },
+{ 0x043e,	0x0102,	0x043e,	0 },
+{ 0x043f,	0x0102,	0x043f,	0 },
+{ 0x0440,	0x0102,	0x0440,	0 },
+{ 0x0441,	0x0102,	0x0441,	0 },
+{ 0x0442,	0x0102,	0x0442,	0 },
+{ 0x0443,	0x0102,	0x0443,	0 },
+{ 0x0444,	0x0102,	0x0444,	0 },
+{ 0x0445,	0x0102,	0x0445,	0 },
+{ 0x0446,	0x0102,	0x0446,	0 },
+{ 0x0447,	0x0102,	0x0447,	0 },
+{ 0x0448,	0x0102,	0x0448,	0 },
+{ 0x0449,	0x0102,	0x0449,	0 },
+{ 0x044a,	0x0102,	0x044a,	0 },
+{ 0x044b,	0x0102,	0x044b,	0 },
+{ 0x044c,	0x0102,	0x044c,	0 },
+{ 0x044d,	0x0102,	0x044d,	0 },
+{ 0x044e,	0x0102,	0x044e,	0 },
+{ 0x044f,	0x0102,	0x044f,	0 },
+{ 0x0451,	0x0102,	0x0451,	0 },
+{ 0x0452,	0x0102,	0x0452,	0 },
+{ 0x0453,	0x0102,	0x0453,	0 },
+{ 0x0454,	0x0102,	0x0454,	0 },
+{ 0x0455,	0x0102,	0x0455,	0 },
+{ 0x0456,	0x0102,	0x0456,	0 },
+{ 0x0457,	0x0102,	0x0457,	0 },
+{ 0x0458,	0x0102,	0x0458,	0 },
+{ 0x0459,	0x0102,	0x0459,	0 },
+{ 0x045a,	0x0102,	0x045a,	0 },
+{ 0x045b,	0x0102,	0x045b,	0 },
+{ 0x045c,	0x0102,	0x045c,	0 },
+{ 0x045e,	0x0102,	0x045e,	0 },
+{ 0x045f,	0x0102,	0x045f,	0 },
+{ 0x0460,	0x0101,	0x0460,	0 },
+{ 0x0461,	0x0102,	0x0461,	0 },
+{ 0x0462,	0x0101,	0x0462,	0 },
+{ 0x0463,	0x0102,	0x0463,	0 },
+{ 0x0464,	0x0101,	0x0464,	0 },
+{ 0x0465,	0x0102,	0x0465,	0 },
+{ 0x0466,	0x0101,	0x0466,	0 },
+{ 0x0467,	0x0102,	0x0467,	0 },
+{ 0x0468,	0x0101,	0x0468,	0 },
+{ 0x0469,	0x0102,	0x0469,	0 },
+{ 0x046a,	0x0101,	0x046a,	0 },
+{ 0x046b,	0x0102,	0x046b,	0 },
+{ 0x046c,	0x0101,	0x046c,	0 },
+{ 0x046d,	0x0102,	0x046d,	0 },
+{ 0x046e,	0x0101,	0x046e,	0 },
+{ 0x046f,	0x0102,	0x046f,	0 },
+{ 0x0470,	0x0101,	0x0470,	0 },
+{ 0x0471,	0x0102,	0x0471,	0 },
+{ 0x0472,	0x0101,	0x0472,	0 },
+{ 0x0473,	0x0102,	0x0473,	0 },
+{ 0x0474,	0x0101,	0x0474,	0 },
+{ 0x0475,	0x0102,	0x0475,	0 },
+{ 0x0476,	0x0101,	0x0476,	0 },
+{ 0x0477,	0x0102,	0x0477,	0 },
+{ 0x0478,	0x0101,	0x0478,	0 },
+{ 0x0479,	0x0102,	0x0479,	0 },
+{ 0x047a,	0x0101,	0x047a,	0 },
+{ 0x047b,	0x0102,	0x047b,	0 },
+{ 0x047c,	0x0101,	0x047c,	0 },
+{ 0x047d,	0x0102,	0x047d,	0 },
+{ 0x047e,	0x0101,	0x047e,	0 },
+{ 0x047f,	0x0102,	0x047f,	0 },
+{ 0x0480,	0x0101,	0x0480,	0 },
+{ 0x0481,	0x0102,	0x0481,	0 },
+{ 0x0482,	0x0010,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x0490,	0x0101,	0x0490,	0 },
+{ 0x0491,	0x0102,	0x0491,	0 },
+{ 0x0492,	0x0101,	0x0492,	0 },
+{ 0x0493,	0x0102,	0x0493,	0 },
+{ 0x0494,	0x0101,	0x0494,	0 },
+{ 0x0495,	0x0102,	0x0495,	0 },
+{ 0x0496,	0x0101,	0x0496,	0 },
+{ 0x0497,	0x0102,	0x0497,	0 },
+{ 0x0498,	0x0101,	0x0498,	0 },
+{ 0x0499,	0x0102,	0x0499,	0 },
+{ 0x049a,	0x0101,	0x049a,	0 },
+{ 0x049b,	0x0102,	0x049b,	0 },
+{ 0x049c,	0x0101,	0x049c,	0 },
+{ 0x049d,	0x0102,	0x049d,	0 },
+{ 0x049e,	0x0101,	0x049e,	0 },
+{ 0x049f,	0x0102,	0x049f,	0 },
+{ 0x04a0,	0x0101,	0x04a0,	0 },
+{ 0x04a1,	0x0102,	0x04a1,	0 },
+{ 0x04a2,	0x0101,	0x04a2,	0 },
+{ 0x04a3,	0x0102,	0x04a3,	0 },
+{ 0x04a4,	0x0101,	0x04a4,	0 },
+{ 0x04a5,	0x0102,	0x04a5,	0 },
+{ 0x04a6,	0x0101,	0x04a6,	0 },
+{ 0x04a7,	0x0102,	0x04a7,	0 },
+{ 0x04a8,	0x0101,	0x04a8,	0 },
+{ 0x04a9,	0x0102,	0x04a9,	0 },
+{ 0x04aa,	0x0101,	0x04aa,	0 },
+{ 0x04ab,	0x0102,	0x04ab,	0 },
+{ 0x04ac,	0x0101,	0x04ac,	0 },
+{ 0x04ad,	0x0102,	0x04ad,	0 },
+{ 0x04ae,	0x0101,	0x04ae,	0 },
+{ 0x04af,	0x0102,	0x04af,	0 },
+{ 0x04b0,	0x0101,	0x04b0,	0 },
+{ 0x04b1,	0x0102,	0x04b1,	0 },
+{ 0x04b2,	0x0101,	0x04b2,	0 },
+{ 0x04b3,	0x0102,	0x04b3,	0 },
+{ 0x04b4,	0x0101,	0x04b4,	0 },
+{ 0x04b5,	0x0102,	0x04b5,	0 },
+{ 0x04b6,	0x0101,	0x04b6,	0 },
+{ 0x04b7,	0x0102,	0x04b7,	0 },
+{ 0x04b8,	0x0101,	0x04b8,	0 },
+{ 0x04b9,	0x0102,	0x04b9,	0 },
+{ 0x04ba,	0x0101,	0x04ba,	0 },
+{ 0x04bb,	0x0102,	0x04bb,	0 },
+{ 0x04bc,	0x0101,	0x04bc,	0 },
+{ 0x04bd,	0x0102,	0x04bd,	0 },
+{ 0x04be,	0x0101,	0x04be,	0 },
+{ 0x04bf,	0x0102,	0x04bf,	0 },
+{ 0x04c0,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x04c1,	0x0101,	0x04c1,	0 },
+{ 0x04c2,	0x0102,	0x04c2,	0 },
+{ 0x04c3,	0x0101,	0x04c3,	0 },
+{ 0x04c4,	0x0102,	0x04c4,	0 },
+{ 0x04c7,	0x0101,	0x04c7,	0 },
+{ 0x04c8,	0x0102,	0x04c8,	0 },
+{ 0x04cb,	0x0101,	0x04cb,	0 },
+{ 0x04cc,	0x0102,	0x04cc,	0 },
+{ 0x04d0,	0x0101,	0x04d0,	0 },
+{ 0x04d1,	0x0102,	0x04d1,	0 },
+{ 0x04d2,	0x0101,	0x04d2,	0 },
+{ 0x04d3,	0x0102,	0x04d3,	0 },
+{ 0x04d4,	0x0101,	0x04d4,	0 },
+{ 0x04d5,	0x0102,	0x04d5,	0 },
+{ 0x04d6,	0x0101,	0x04d6,	0 },
+{ 0x04d7,	0x0102,	0x04d7,	0 },
+{ 0x04d8,	0x0101,	0x04d8,	0 },
+{ 0x04d9,	0x0102,	0x04d9,	0 },
+{ 0x04da,	0x0101,	0x04da,	0 },
+{ 0x04db,	0x0102,	0x04db,	0 },
+{ 0x04dc,	0x0101,	0x04dc,	0 },
+{ 0x04dd,	0x0102,	0x04dd,	0 },
+{ 0x04de,	0x0101,	0x04de,	0 },
+{ 0x04df,	0x0102,	0x04df,	0 },
+{ 0x04e0,	0x0101,	0x04e0,	0 },
+{ 0x04e1,	0x0102,	0x04e1,	0 },
+{ 0x04e2,	0x0101,	0x04e2,	0 },
+{ 0x04e3,	0x0102,	0x04e3,	0 },
+{ 0x04e4,	0x0101,	0x04e4,	0 },
+{ 0x04e5,	0x0102,	0x04e5,	0 },
+{ 0x04e6,	0x0101,	0x04e6,	0 },
+{ 0x04e7,	0x0102,	0x04e7,	0 },
+{ 0x04e8,	0x0101,	0x04e8,	0 },
+{ 0x04e9,	0x0102,	0x04e9,	0 },
+{ 0x04ea,	0x0101,	0x04ea,	0 },
+{ 0x04eb,	0x0102,	0x04eb,	0 },
+{ 0x04ee,	0x0101,	0x04ee,	0 },
+{ 0x04ef,	0x0102,	0x04ef,	0 },
+{ 0x04f0,	0x0101,	0x04f0,	0 },
+{ 0x04f1,	0x0102,	0x04f1,	0 },
+{ 0x04f2,	0x0101,	0x04f2,	0 },
+{ 0x04f3,	0x0102,	0x04f3,	0 },
+{ 0x04f4,	0x0101,	0x04f4,	0 },
+{ 0x04f5,	0x0102,	0x04f5,	0 },
+{ 0x04f8,	0x0101,	0x04f8,	0 },
+{ 0x04f9,	0x0102,	0x04f9,	0 },
+{ 0x0531,	0x0101,	0x0531,	0 },
+{ 0x0532,	0x0101,	0x0532,	0 },
+{ 0x0533,	0x0101,	0x0533,	0 },
+{ 0x0534,	0x0101,	0x0534,	0 },
+{ 0x0535,	0x0101,	0x0535,	0 },
+{ 0x0536,	0x0101,	0x0536,	0 },
+{ 0x0537,	0x0101,	0x0537,	0 },
+{ 0x0538,	0x0101,	0x0538,	0 },
+{ 0x0539,	0x0101,	0x0539,	0 },
+{ 0x053a,	0x0101,	0x053a,	0 },
+{ 0x053b,	0x0101,	0x053b,	0 },
+{ 0x053c,	0x0101,	0x053c,	0 },
+{ 0x053d,	0x0101,	0x053d,	0 },
+{ 0x053e,	0x0101,	0x053e,	0 },
+{ 0x053f,	0x0101,	0x053f,	0 },
+{ 0x0540,	0x0101,	0x0540,	0 },
+{ 0x0541,	0x0101,	0x0541,	0 },
+{ 0x0542,	0x0101,	0x0542,	0 },
+{ 0x0543,	0x0101,	0x0543,	0 },
+{ 0x0544,	0x0101,	0x0544,	0 },
+{ 0x0545,	0x0101,	0x0545,	0 },
+{ 0x0546,	0x0101,	0x0546,	0 },
+{ 0x0547,	0x0101,	0x0547,	0 },
+{ 0x0548,	0x0101,	0x0548,	0 },
+{ 0x0549,	0x0101,	0x0549,	0 },
+{ 0x054a,	0x0101,	0x054a,	0 },
+{ 0x054b,	0x0101,	0x054b,	0 },
+{ 0x054c,	0x0101,	0x054c,	0 },
+{ 0x054d,	0x0101,	0x054d,	0 },
+{ 0x054e,	0x0101,	0x054e,	0 },
+{ 0x054f,	0x0101,	0x054f,	0 },
+{ 0x0550,	0x0101,	0x0550,	0 },
+{ 0x0551,	0x0101,	0x0551,	0 },
+{ 0x0552,	0x0101,	0x0552,	0 },
+{ 0x0553,	0x0101,	0x0553,	0 },
+{ 0x0554,	0x0101,	0x0554,	0 },
+{ 0x0555,	0x0101,	0x0555,	0 },
+{ 0x0556,	0x0101,	0x0556,	0 },
+{ 0x0559,	0x0010,	0x0000,	6 },
+{ 0x0561,	0x0102,	0x0561,	0 },
+{ 0x0562,	0x0102,	0x0562,	0 },
+{ 0x0563,	0x0102,	0x0563,	0 },
+{ 0x0564,	0x0102,	0x0564,	0 },
+{ 0x0565,	0x0102,	0x0565,	0 },
+{ 0x0566,	0x0102,	0x0566,	0 },
+{ 0x0567,	0x0102,	0x0567,	0 },
+{ 0x0568,	0x0102,	0x0568,	0 },
+{ 0x0569,	0x0102,	0x0569,	0 },
+{ 0x056a,	0x0102,	0x056a,	0 },
+{ 0x056b,	0x0102,	0x056b,	0 },
+{ 0x056c,	0x0102,	0x056c,	0 },
+{ 0x056d,	0x0102,	0x056d,	0 },
+{ 0x056e,	0x0102,	0x056e,	0 },
+{ 0x056f,	0x0102,	0x056f,	0 },
+{ 0x0570,	0x0102,	0x0570,	0 },
+{ 0x0571,	0x0102,	0x0571,	0 },
+{ 0x0572,	0x0102,	0x0572,	0 },
+{ 0x0573,	0x0102,	0x0573,	0 },
+{ 0x0574,	0x0102,	0x0574,	0 },
+{ 0x0575,	0x0102,	0x0575,	0 },
+{ 0x0576,	0x0102,	0x0576,	0 },
+{ 0x0577,	0x0102,	0x0577,	0 },
+{ 0x0578,	0x0102,	0x0578,	0 },
+{ 0x0579,	0x0102,	0x0579,	0 },
+{ 0x057a,	0x0102,	0x057a,	0 },
+{ 0x057b,	0x0102,	0x057b,	0 },
+{ 0x057c,	0x0102,	0x057c,	0 },
+{ 0x057d,	0x0102,	0x057d,	0 },
+{ 0x057e,	0x0102,	0x057e,	0 },
+{ 0x057f,	0x0102,	0x057f,	0 },
+{ 0x0580,	0x0102,	0x0580,	0 },
+{ 0x0581,	0x0102,	0x0581,	0 },
+{ 0x0582,	0x0102,	0x0582,	0 },
+{ 0x0583,	0x0102,	0x0583,	0 },
+{ 0x0584,	0x0102,	0x0584,	0 },
+{ 0x0585,	0x0102,	0x0585,	0 },
+{ 0x0586,	0x0102,	0x0586,	0 },
+{ 0x0587,	0x0102,	0x0587,	0 },
+{ 0x0589,	0x0010,	0x0000,	51 },
+{ 0x05d0,	0x0100,	0x0000,	29 },
+{ 0x05f3,	0x0010,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x0621,	0x0100,	0x0000,	25 },
+{ 0x0640,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0641,	0x0100,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x064b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	7 },
+{ 0x0660,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x066a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x0671,	0x0100,	0x0000,	94 },
+{ 0x06d4,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x06d5,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x06d6,	0x0010,	0x0000,	23 },
+{ 0x06f0,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0901,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x0905,	0x0100,	0x0000,	52 },
+{ 0x093c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	22 },
+{ 0x0958,	0x0100,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0962,	0x0010,	0x0000,	3 },
+{ 0x0966,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0970,	0x0010,	0x0000,	3 },
+{ 0x0985,	0x0100,	0x0000,	43 },
+{ 0x09bc,	0x0010,	0x0000,	13 },
+{ 0x09dc,	0x0100,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x09e2,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x09e6,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x09f0,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x09f2,	0x0010,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0a05,	0x0100,	0x0000,	42 },
+{ 0x0a3c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	10 },
+{ 0x0a59,	0x0100,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x0a66,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0a70,	0x0010,	0x0000,	7 },
+{ 0x0a85,	0x0100,	0x0000,	46 },
+{ 0x0abc,	0x0010,	0x0000,	16 },
+{ 0x0ae0,	0x0100,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0ae6,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0b01,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x0b05,	0x0100,	0x0000,	44 },
+{ 0x0b3c,	0x0010,	0x0000,	14 },
+{ 0x0b5c,	0x0100,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x0b66,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0b70,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x0b85,	0x0100,	0x0000,	33 },
+{ 0x0bbe,	0x0010,	0x0000,	12 },
+{ 0x0be7,	0x0004,	0x0000,	11 },
+{ 0x0c01,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x0c05,	0x0100,	0x0000,	48 },
+{ 0x0c3e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	15 },
+{ 0x0c60,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0c66,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0c82,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0c85,	0x0100,	0x0000,	48 },
+{ 0x0cbe,	0x0010,	0x0000,	15 },
+{ 0x0cde,	0x0100,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x0ce6,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0d02,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0d05,	0x0100,	0x0000,	49 },
+{ 0x0d3e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	13 },
+{ 0x0d60,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0d66,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0e01,	0x0100,	0x0000,	57 },
+{ 0x0e3f,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0e40,	0x0100,	0x0000,	14 },
+{ 0x0e4f,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x0e50,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0e5a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0e81,	0x0100,	0x0000,	26 },
+{ 0x0eaf,	0x0010,	0x0000,	25 },
+{ 0x0ed0,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x0edc,	0x0100,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x0f00,	0x0010,	0x0000,	31 },
+{ 0x0f20,	0x0004,	0x0000,	19 },
+{ 0x0f34,	0x0010,	0x0000,	11 },
+{ 0x0f40,	0x0100,	0x0000,	40 },
+{ 0x0f71,	0x0010,	0x0000,	26 },
+{ 0x0f90,	0x0100,	0x0000,	35 },
+{ 0x10a0,	0x0101,	0x10a0,	0 },
+{ 0x10a1,	0x0101,	0x10a1,	0 },
+{ 0x10a2,	0x0101,	0x10a2,	0 },
+{ 0x10a3,	0x0101,	0x10a3,	0 },
+{ 0x10a4,	0x0101,	0x10a4,	0 },
+{ 0x10a5,	0x0101,	0x10a5,	0 },
+{ 0x10a6,	0x0101,	0x10a6,	0 },
+{ 0x10a7,	0x0101,	0x10a7,	0 },
+{ 0x10a8,	0x0101,	0x10a8,	0 },
+{ 0x10a9,	0x0101,	0x10a9,	0 },
+{ 0x10aa,	0x0101,	0x10aa,	0 },
+{ 0x10ab,	0x0101,	0x10ab,	0 },
+{ 0x10ac,	0x0101,	0x10ac,	0 },
+{ 0x10ad,	0x0101,	0x10ad,	0 },
+{ 0x10ae,	0x0101,	0x10ae,	0 },
+{ 0x10af,	0x0101,	0x10af,	0 },
+{ 0x10b0,	0x0101,	0x10b0,	0 },
+{ 0x10b1,	0x0101,	0x10b1,	0 },
+{ 0x10b2,	0x0101,	0x10b2,	0 },
+{ 0x10b3,	0x0101,	0x10b3,	0 },
+{ 0x10b4,	0x0101,	0x10b4,	0 },
+{ 0x10b5,	0x0101,	0x10b5,	0 },
+{ 0x10b6,	0x0101,	0x10b6,	0 },
+{ 0x10b7,	0x0101,	0x10b7,	0 },
+{ 0x10b8,	0x0101,	0x10b8,	0 },
+{ 0x10b9,	0x0101,	0x10b9,	0 },
+{ 0x10ba,	0x0101,	0x10ba,	0 },
+{ 0x10bb,	0x0101,	0x10bb,	0 },
+{ 0x10bc,	0x0101,	0x10bc,	0 },
+{ 0x10bd,	0x0101,	0x10bd,	0 },
+{ 0x10be,	0x0101,	0x10be,	0 },
+{ 0x10bf,	0x0101,	0x10bf,	0 },
+{ 0x10c0,	0x0101,	0x10c0,	0 },
+{ 0x10c1,	0x0101,	0x10c1,	0 },
+{ 0x10c2,	0x0101,	0x10c2,	0 },
+{ 0x10c3,	0x0101,	0x10c3,	0 },
+{ 0x10c4,	0x0101,	0x10c4,	0 },
+{ 0x10c5,	0x0101,	0x10c5,	0 },
+{ 0x10d0,	0x0102,	0x10d0,	0 },
+{ 0x10d1,	0x0102,	0x10d1,	0 },
+{ 0x10d2,	0x0102,	0x10d2,	0 },
+{ 0x10d3,	0x0102,	0x10d3,	0 },
+{ 0x10d4,	0x0102,	0x10d4,	0 },
+{ 0x10d5,	0x0102,	0x10d5,	0 },
+{ 0x10d6,	0x0102,	0x10d6,	0 },
+{ 0x10d7,	0x0102,	0x10d7,	0 },
+{ 0x10d8,	0x0102,	0x10d8,	0 },
+{ 0x10d9,	0x0102,	0x10d9,	0 },
+{ 0x10da,	0x0102,	0x10da,	0 },
+{ 0x10db,	0x0102,	0x10db,	0 },
+{ 0x10dc,	0x0102,	0x10dc,	0 },
+{ 0x10dd,	0x0102,	0x10dd,	0 },
+{ 0x10de,	0x0102,	0x10de,	0 },
+{ 0x10df,	0x0102,	0x10df,	0 },
+{ 0x10e0,	0x0102,	0x10e0,	0 },
+{ 0x10e1,	0x0102,	0x10e1,	0 },
+{ 0x10e2,	0x0102,	0x10e2,	0 },
+{ 0x10e3,	0x0102,	0x10e3,	0 },
+{ 0x10e4,	0x0102,	0x10e4,	0 },
+{ 0x10e5,	0x0102,	0x10e5,	0 },
+{ 0x10e6,	0x0102,	0x10e6,	0 },
+{ 0x10e7,	0x0102,	0x10e7,	0 },
+{ 0x10e8,	0x0102,	0x10e8,	0 },
+{ 0x10e9,	0x0102,	0x10e9,	0 },
+{ 0x10ea,	0x0102,	0x10ea,	0 },
+{ 0x10eb,	0x0102,	0x10eb,	0 },
+{ 0x10ec,	0x0102,	0x10ec,	0 },
+{ 0x10ed,	0x0102,	0x10ed,	0 },
+{ 0x10ee,	0x0102,	0x10ee,	0 },
+{ 0x10ef,	0x0102,	0x10ef,	0 },
+{ 0x10f0,	0x0102,	0x10f0,	0 },
+{ 0x10f1,	0x0102,	0x10f1,	0 },
+{ 0x10f2,	0x0102,	0x10f2,	0 },
+{ 0x10f3,	0x0102,	0x10f3,	0 },
+{ 0x10f4,	0x0102,	0x10f4,	0 },
+{ 0x10f5,	0x0102,	0x10f5,	0 },
+{ 0x10f6,	0x0102,	0x10f6,	0 },
+{ 0x10fb,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x1100,	0x0100,	0x0000,	239 },
+{ 0x1e00,	0x0101,	0x1e00,	0 },
+{ 0x1e01,	0x0102,	0x1e01,	0 },
+{ 0x1e02,	0x0101,	0x1e02,	0 },
+{ 0x1e03,	0x0102,	0x1e03,	0 },
+{ 0x1e04,	0x0101,	0x1e04,	0 },
+{ 0x1e05,	0x0102,	0x1e05,	0 },
+{ 0x1e06,	0x0101,	0x1e06,	0 },
+{ 0x1e07,	0x0102,	0x1e07,	0 },
+{ 0x1e08,	0x0101,	0x1e08,	0 },
+{ 0x1e09,	0x0102,	0x1e09,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0a,	0x0101,	0x1e0a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0b,	0x0102,	0x1e0b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0c,	0x0101,	0x1e0c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0d,	0x0102,	0x1e0d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0e,	0x0101,	0x1e0e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e0f,	0x0102,	0x1e0f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e10,	0x0101,	0x1e10,	0 },
+{ 0x1e11,	0x0102,	0x1e11,	0 },
+{ 0x1e12,	0x0101,	0x1e12,	0 },
+{ 0x1e13,	0x0102,	0x1e13,	0 },
+{ 0x1e14,	0x0101,	0x1e14,	0 },
+{ 0x1e15,	0x0102,	0x1e15,	0 },
+{ 0x1e16,	0x0101,	0x1e16,	0 },
+{ 0x1e17,	0x0102,	0x1e17,	0 },
+{ 0x1e18,	0x0101,	0x1e18,	0 },
+{ 0x1e19,	0x0102,	0x1e19,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1a,	0x0101,	0x1e1a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1b,	0x0102,	0x1e1b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1c,	0x0101,	0x1e1c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1d,	0x0102,	0x1e1d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1e,	0x0101,	0x1e1e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e1f,	0x0102,	0x1e1f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e20,	0x0101,	0x1e20,	0 },
+{ 0x1e21,	0x0102,	0x1e21,	0 },
+{ 0x1e22,	0x0101,	0x1e22,	0 },
+{ 0x1e23,	0x0102,	0x1e23,	0 },
+{ 0x1e24,	0x0101,	0x1e24,	0 },
+{ 0x1e25,	0x0102,	0x1e25,	0 },
+{ 0x1e26,	0x0101,	0x1e26,	0 },
+{ 0x1e27,	0x0102,	0x1e27,	0 },
+{ 0x1e28,	0x0101,	0x1e28,	0 },
+{ 0x1e29,	0x0102,	0x1e29,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2a,	0x0101,	0x1e2a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2b,	0x0102,	0x1e2b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2c,	0x0101,	0x1e2c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2d,	0x0102,	0x1e2d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2e,	0x0101,	0x1e2e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e2f,	0x0102,	0x1e2f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e30,	0x0101,	0x1e30,	0 },
+{ 0x1e31,	0x0102,	0x1e31,	0 },
+{ 0x1e32,	0x0101,	0x1e32,	0 },
+{ 0x1e33,	0x0102,	0x1e33,	0 },
+{ 0x1e34,	0x0101,	0x1e34,	0 },
+{ 0x1e35,	0x0102,	0x1e35,	0 },
+{ 0x1e36,	0x0101,	0x1e36,	0 },
+{ 0x1e37,	0x0102,	0x1e37,	0 },
+{ 0x1e38,	0x0101,	0x1e38,	0 },
+{ 0x1e39,	0x0102,	0x1e39,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3a,	0x0101,	0x1e3a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3b,	0x0102,	0x1e3b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3c,	0x0101,	0x1e3c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3d,	0x0102,	0x1e3d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3e,	0x0101,	0x1e3e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e3f,	0x0102,	0x1e3f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e40,	0x0101,	0x1e40,	0 },
+{ 0x1e41,	0x0102,	0x1e41,	0 },
+{ 0x1e42,	0x0101,	0x1e42,	0 },
+{ 0x1e43,	0x0102,	0x1e43,	0 },
+{ 0x1e44,	0x0101,	0x1e44,	0 },
+{ 0x1e45,	0x0102,	0x1e45,	0 },
+{ 0x1e46,	0x0101,	0x1e46,	0 },
+{ 0x1e47,	0x0102,	0x1e47,	0 },
+{ 0x1e48,	0x0101,	0x1e48,	0 },
+{ 0x1e49,	0x0102,	0x1e49,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4a,	0x0101,	0x1e4a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4b,	0x0102,	0x1e4b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4c,	0x0101,	0x1e4c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4d,	0x0102,	0x1e4d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4e,	0x0101,	0x1e4e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e4f,	0x0102,	0x1e4f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e50,	0x0101,	0x1e50,	0 },
+{ 0x1e51,	0x0102,	0x1e51,	0 },
+{ 0x1e52,	0x0101,	0x1e52,	0 },
+{ 0x1e53,	0x0102,	0x1e53,	0 },
+{ 0x1e54,	0x0101,	0x1e54,	0 },
+{ 0x1e55,	0x0102,	0x1e55,	0 },
+{ 0x1e56,	0x0101,	0x1e56,	0 },
+{ 0x1e57,	0x0102,	0x1e57,	0 },
+{ 0x1e58,	0x0101,	0x1e58,	0 },
+{ 0x1e59,	0x0102,	0x1e59,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5a,	0x0101,	0x1e5a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5b,	0x0102,	0x1e5b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5c,	0x0101,	0x1e5c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5d,	0x0102,	0x1e5d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5e,	0x0101,	0x1e5e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e5f,	0x0102,	0x1e5f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e60,	0x0101,	0x1e60,	0 },
+{ 0x1e61,	0x0102,	0x1e61,	0 },
+{ 0x1e62,	0x0101,	0x1e62,	0 },
+{ 0x1e63,	0x0102,	0x1e63,	0 },
+{ 0x1e64,	0x0101,	0x1e64,	0 },
+{ 0x1e65,	0x0102,	0x1e65,	0 },
+{ 0x1e66,	0x0101,	0x1e66,	0 },
+{ 0x1e67,	0x0102,	0x1e67,	0 },
+{ 0x1e68,	0x0101,	0x1e68,	0 },
+{ 0x1e69,	0x0102,	0x1e69,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6a,	0x0101,	0x1e6a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6b,	0x0102,	0x1e6b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6c,	0x0101,	0x1e6c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6d,	0x0102,	0x1e6d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6e,	0x0101,	0x1e6e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e6f,	0x0102,	0x1e6f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e70,	0x0101,	0x1e70,	0 },
+{ 0x1e71,	0x0102,	0x1e71,	0 },
+{ 0x1e72,	0x0101,	0x1e72,	0 },
+{ 0x1e73,	0x0102,	0x1e73,	0 },
+{ 0x1e74,	0x0101,	0x1e74,	0 },
+{ 0x1e75,	0x0102,	0x1e75,	0 },
+{ 0x1e76,	0x0101,	0x1e76,	0 },
+{ 0x1e77,	0x0102,	0x1e77,	0 },
+{ 0x1e78,	0x0101,	0x1e78,	0 },
+{ 0x1e79,	0x0102,	0x1e79,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7a,	0x0101,	0x1e7a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7b,	0x0102,	0x1e7b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7c,	0x0101,	0x1e7c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7d,	0x0102,	0x1e7d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7e,	0x0101,	0x1e7e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e7f,	0x0102,	0x1e7f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e80,	0x0101,	0x1e80,	0 },
+{ 0x1e81,	0x0102,	0x1e81,	0 },
+{ 0x1e82,	0x0101,	0x1e82,	0 },
+{ 0x1e83,	0x0102,	0x1e83,	0 },
+{ 0x1e84,	0x0101,	0x1e84,	0 },
+{ 0x1e85,	0x0102,	0x1e85,	0 },
+{ 0x1e86,	0x0101,	0x1e86,	0 },
+{ 0x1e87,	0x0102,	0x1e87,	0 },
+{ 0x1e88,	0x0101,	0x1e88,	0 },
+{ 0x1e89,	0x0102,	0x1e89,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8a,	0x0101,	0x1e8a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8b,	0x0102,	0x1e8b,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8c,	0x0101,	0x1e8c,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8d,	0x0102,	0x1e8d,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8e,	0x0101,	0x1e8e,	0 },
+{ 0x1e8f,	0x0102,	0x1e8f,	0 },
+{ 0x1e90,	0x0101,	0x1e90,	0 },
+{ 0x1e91,	0x0102,	0x1e91,	0 },
+{ 0x1e92,	0x0101,	0x1e92,	0 },
+{ 0x1e93,	0x0102,	0x1e93,	0 },
+{ 0x1e94,	0x0101,	0x1e94,	0 },
+{ 0x1e95,	0x0102,	0x1e95,	0 },
+{ 0x1e96,	0x0102,	0x1e96,	0 },
+{ 0x1e97,	0x0102,	0x1e97,	0 },
+{ 0x1e98,	0x0102,	0x1e98,	0 },
+{ 0x1e99,	0x0102,	0x1e99,	0 },
+{ 0x1e9a,	0x0102,	0x1e9a,	0 },
+{ 0x1e9b,	0x0102,	0x1e9b,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea0,	0x0101,	0x1ea0,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea1,	0x0102,	0x1ea1,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea2,	0x0101,	0x1ea2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea3,	0x0102,	0x1ea3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea4,	0x0101,	0x1ea4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea5,	0x0102,	0x1ea5,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea6,	0x0101,	0x1ea6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea7,	0x0102,	0x1ea7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea8,	0x0101,	0x1ea8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ea9,	0x0102,	0x1ea9,	0 },
+{ 0x1eaa,	0x0101,	0x1eaa,	0 },
+{ 0x1eab,	0x0102,	0x1eab,	0 },
+{ 0x1eac,	0x0101,	0x1eac,	0 },
+{ 0x1ead,	0x0102,	0x1ead,	0 },
+{ 0x1eae,	0x0101,	0x1eae,	0 },
+{ 0x1eaf,	0x0102,	0x1eaf,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb0,	0x0101,	0x1eb0,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb1,	0x0102,	0x1eb1,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb2,	0x0101,	0x1eb2,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb3,	0x0102,	0x1eb3,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb4,	0x0101,	0x1eb4,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb5,	0x0102,	0x1eb5,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb6,	0x0101,	0x1eb6,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb7,	0x0102,	0x1eb7,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb8,	0x0101,	0x1eb8,	0 },
+{ 0x1eb9,	0x0102,	0x1eb9,	0 },
+{ 0x1eba,	0x0101,	0x1eba,	0 },
+{ 0x1ebb,	0x0102,	0x1ebb,	0 },
+{ 0x1ebc,	0x0101,	0x1ebc,	0 },
+{ 0x1ebd,	0x0102,	0x1ebd,	0 },
+{ 0x1ebe,	0x0101,	0x1ebe,	0 },
+{ 0x1ebf,	0x0102,	0x1ebf,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec0,	0x0101,	0x1ec0,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec1,	0x0102,	0x1ec1,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec2,	0x0101,	0x1ec2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec3,	0x0102,	0x1ec3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec4,	0x0101,	0x1ec4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec5,	0x0102,	0x1ec5,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec6,	0x0101,	0x1ec6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec7,	0x0102,	0x1ec7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec8,	0x0101,	0x1ec8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ec9,	0x0102,	0x1ec9,	0 },
+{ 0x1eca,	0x0101,	0x1eca,	0 },
+{ 0x1ecb,	0x0102,	0x1ecb,	0 },
+{ 0x1ecc,	0x0101,	0x1ecc,	0 },
+{ 0x1ecd,	0x0102,	0x1ecd,	0 },
+{ 0x1ece,	0x0101,	0x1ece,	0 },
+{ 0x1ecf,	0x0102,	0x1ecf,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed0,	0x0101,	0x1ed0,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed1,	0x0102,	0x1ed1,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed2,	0x0101,	0x1ed2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed3,	0x0102,	0x1ed3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed4,	0x0101,	0x1ed4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed5,	0x0102,	0x1ed5,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed6,	0x0101,	0x1ed6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed7,	0x0102,	0x1ed7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed8,	0x0101,	0x1ed8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ed9,	0x0102,	0x1ed9,	0 },
+{ 0x1eda,	0x0101,	0x1eda,	0 },
+{ 0x1edb,	0x0102,	0x1edb,	0 },
+{ 0x1edc,	0x0101,	0x1edc,	0 },
+{ 0x1edd,	0x0102,	0x1edd,	0 },
+{ 0x1ede,	0x0101,	0x1ede,	0 },
+{ 0x1edf,	0x0102,	0x1edf,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee0,	0x0101,	0x1ee0,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee1,	0x0102,	0x1ee1,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee2,	0x0101,	0x1ee2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee3,	0x0102,	0x1ee3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee4,	0x0101,	0x1ee4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee5,	0x0102,	0x1ee5,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee6,	0x0101,	0x1ee6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee7,	0x0102,	0x1ee7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee8,	0x0101,	0x1ee8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ee9,	0x0102,	0x1ee9,	0 },
+{ 0x1eea,	0x0101,	0x1eea,	0 },
+{ 0x1eeb,	0x0102,	0x1eeb,	0 },
+{ 0x1eec,	0x0101,	0x1eec,	0 },
+{ 0x1eed,	0x0102,	0x1eed,	0 },
+{ 0x1eee,	0x0101,	0x1eee,	0 },
+{ 0x1eef,	0x0102,	0x1eef,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef0,	0x0101,	0x1ef0,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef1,	0x0102,	0x1ef1,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef2,	0x0101,	0x1ef2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef3,	0x0102,	0x1ef3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef4,	0x0101,	0x1ef4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef5,	0x0102,	0x1ef5,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef6,	0x0101,	0x1ef6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef7,	0x0102,	0x1ef7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef8,	0x0101,	0x1ef8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ef9,	0x0102,	0x1ef9,	0 },
+{ 0x1f00,	0x0102,	0x1f00,	0 },
+{ 0x1f01,	0x0102,	0x1f01,	0 },
+{ 0x1f02,	0x0102,	0x1f02,	0 },
+{ 0x1f03,	0x0102,	0x1f03,	0 },
+{ 0x1f04,	0x0102,	0x1f04,	0 },
+{ 0x1f05,	0x0102,	0x1f05,	0 },
+{ 0x1f06,	0x0102,	0x1f06,	0 },
+{ 0x1f07,	0x0102,	0x1f07,	0 },
+{ 0x1f08,	0x0101,	0x1f08,	0 },
+{ 0x1f09,	0x0101,	0x1f09,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0a,	0x0101,	0x1f0a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0b,	0x0101,	0x1f0b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0c,	0x0101,	0x1f0c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0d,	0x0101,	0x1f0d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0e,	0x0101,	0x1f0e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f0f,	0x0101,	0x1f0f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f10,	0x0102,	0x1f10,	0 },
+{ 0x1f11,	0x0102,	0x1f11,	0 },
+{ 0x1f12,	0x0102,	0x1f12,	0 },
+{ 0x1f13,	0x0102,	0x1f13,	0 },
+{ 0x1f14,	0x0102,	0x1f14,	0 },
+{ 0x1f15,	0x0102,	0x1f15,	0 },
+{ 0x1f18,	0x0101,	0x1f18,	0 },
+{ 0x1f19,	0x0101,	0x1f19,	0 },
+{ 0x1f1a,	0x0101,	0x1f1a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f1b,	0x0101,	0x1f1b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f1c,	0x0101,	0x1f1c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f1d,	0x0101,	0x1f1d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f20,	0x0102,	0x1f20,	0 },
+{ 0x1f21,	0x0102,	0x1f21,	0 },
+{ 0x1f22,	0x0102,	0x1f22,	0 },
+{ 0x1f23,	0x0102,	0x1f23,	0 },
+{ 0x1f24,	0x0102,	0x1f24,	0 },
+{ 0x1f25,	0x0102,	0x1f25,	0 },
+{ 0x1f26,	0x0102,	0x1f26,	0 },
+{ 0x1f27,	0x0102,	0x1f27,	0 },
+{ 0x1f28,	0x0101,	0x1f28,	0 },
+{ 0x1f29,	0x0101,	0x1f29,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2a,	0x0101,	0x1f2a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2b,	0x0101,	0x1f2b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2c,	0x0101,	0x1f2c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2d,	0x0101,	0x1f2d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2e,	0x0101,	0x1f2e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f2f,	0x0101,	0x1f2f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f30,	0x0102,	0x1f30,	0 },
+{ 0x1f31,	0x0102,	0x1f31,	0 },
+{ 0x1f32,	0x0102,	0x1f32,	0 },
+{ 0x1f33,	0x0102,	0x1f33,	0 },
+{ 0x1f34,	0x0102,	0x1f34,	0 },
+{ 0x1f35,	0x0102,	0x1f35,	0 },
+{ 0x1f36,	0x0102,	0x1f36,	0 },
+{ 0x1f37,	0x0102,	0x1f37,	0 },
+{ 0x1f38,	0x0101,	0x1f38,	0 },
+{ 0x1f39,	0x0101,	0x1f39,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3a,	0x0101,	0x1f3a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3b,	0x0101,	0x1f3b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3c,	0x0101,	0x1f3c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3d,	0x0101,	0x1f3d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3e,	0x0101,	0x1f3e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f3f,	0x0101,	0x1f3f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f40,	0x0102,	0x1f40,	0 },
+{ 0x1f41,	0x0102,	0x1f41,	0 },
+{ 0x1f42,	0x0102,	0x1f42,	0 },
+{ 0x1f43,	0x0102,	0x1f43,	0 },
+{ 0x1f44,	0x0102,	0x1f44,	0 },
+{ 0x1f45,	0x0102,	0x1f45,	0 },
+{ 0x1f48,	0x0101,	0x1f48,	0 },
+{ 0x1f49,	0x0101,	0x1f49,	0 },
+{ 0x1f4a,	0x0101,	0x1f4a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f4b,	0x0101,	0x1f4b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f4c,	0x0101,	0x1f4c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f4d,	0x0101,	0x1f4d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f50,	0x0102,	0x1f50,	0 },
+{ 0x1f51,	0x0102,	0x1f51,	0 },
+{ 0x1f52,	0x0102,	0x1f52,	0 },
+{ 0x1f53,	0x0102,	0x1f53,	0 },
+{ 0x1f54,	0x0102,	0x1f54,	0 },
+{ 0x1f55,	0x0102,	0x1f55,	0 },
+{ 0x1f56,	0x0102,	0x1f56,	0 },
+{ 0x1f57,	0x0102,	0x1f57,	0 },
+{ 0x1f59,	0x0101,	0x1f59,	0 },
+{ 0x1f5b,	0x0101,	0x1f5b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f5d,	0x0101,	0x1f5d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f5f,	0x0101,	0x1f5f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f60,	0x0102,	0x1f60,	0 },
+{ 0x1f61,	0x0102,	0x1f61,	0 },
+{ 0x1f62,	0x0102,	0x1f62,	0 },
+{ 0x1f63,	0x0102,	0x1f63,	0 },
+{ 0x1f64,	0x0102,	0x1f64,	0 },
+{ 0x1f65,	0x0102,	0x1f65,	0 },
+{ 0x1f66,	0x0102,	0x1f66,	0 },
+{ 0x1f67,	0x0102,	0x1f67,	0 },
+{ 0x1f68,	0x0101,	0x1f68,	0 },
+{ 0x1f69,	0x0101,	0x1f69,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6a,	0x0101,	0x1f6a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6b,	0x0101,	0x1f6b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6c,	0x0101,	0x1f6c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6d,	0x0101,	0x1f6d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6e,	0x0101,	0x1f6e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f6f,	0x0101,	0x1f6f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f70,	0x0102,	0x1f70,	0 },
+{ 0x1f71,	0x0102,	0x1f71,	0 },
+{ 0x1f72,	0x0102,	0x1f72,	0 },
+{ 0x1f73,	0x0102,	0x1f73,	0 },
+{ 0x1f74,	0x0102,	0x1f74,	0 },
+{ 0x1f75,	0x0102,	0x1f75,	0 },
+{ 0x1f76,	0x0102,	0x1f76,	0 },
+{ 0x1f77,	0x0102,	0x1f77,	0 },
+{ 0x1f78,	0x0102,	0x1f78,	0 },
+{ 0x1f79,	0x0102,	0x1f79,	0 },
+{ 0x1f7a,	0x0102,	0x1f7a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f7b,	0x0102,	0x1f7b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f7c,	0x0102,	0x1f7c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f7d,	0x0102,	0x1f7d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f80,	0x0102,	0x1f80,	0 },
+{ 0x1f81,	0x0102,	0x1f81,	0 },
+{ 0x1f82,	0x0102,	0x1f82,	0 },
+{ 0x1f83,	0x0102,	0x1f83,	0 },
+{ 0x1f84,	0x0102,	0x1f84,	0 },
+{ 0x1f85,	0x0102,	0x1f85,	0 },
+{ 0x1f86,	0x0102,	0x1f86,	0 },
+{ 0x1f87,	0x0102,	0x1f87,	0 },
+{ 0x1f88,	0x0101,	0x1f88,	0 },
+{ 0x1f89,	0x0101,	0x1f89,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8a,	0x0101,	0x1f8a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8b,	0x0101,	0x1f8b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8c,	0x0101,	0x1f8c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8d,	0x0101,	0x1f8d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8e,	0x0101,	0x1f8e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f8f,	0x0101,	0x1f8f,	0 },
+{ 0x1f90,	0x0102,	0x1f90,	0 },
+{ 0x1f91,	0x0102,	0x1f91,	0 },
+{ 0x1f92,	0x0102,	0x1f92,	0 },
+{ 0x1f93,	0x0102,	0x1f93,	0 },
+{ 0x1f94,	0x0102,	0x1f94,	0 },
+{ 0x1f95,	0x0102,	0x1f95,	0 },
+{ 0x1f96,	0x0102,	0x1f96,	0 },
+{ 0x1f97,	0x0102,	0x1f97,	0 },
+{ 0x1f98,	0x0101,	0x1f98,	0 },
+{ 0x1f99,	0x0101,	0x1f99,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9a,	0x0101,	0x1f9a,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9b,	0x0101,	0x1f9b,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9c,	0x0101,	0x1f9c,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9d,	0x0101,	0x1f9d,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9e,	0x0101,	0x1f9e,	0 },
+{ 0x1f9f,	0x0101,	0x1f9f,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa0,	0x0102,	0x1fa0,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa1,	0x0102,	0x1fa1,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa2,	0x0102,	0x1fa2,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa3,	0x0102,	0x1fa3,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa4,	0x0102,	0x1fa4,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa5,	0x0102,	0x1fa5,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa6,	0x0102,	0x1fa6,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa7,	0x0102,	0x1fa7,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa8,	0x0101,	0x1fa8,	0 },
+{ 0x1fa9,	0x0101,	0x1fa9,	0 },
+{ 0x1faa,	0x0101,	0x1faa,	0 },
+{ 0x1fab,	0x0101,	0x1fab,	0 },
+{ 0x1fac,	0x0101,	0x1fac,	0 },
+{ 0x1fad,	0x0101,	0x1fad,	0 },
+{ 0x1fae,	0x0101,	0x1fae,	0 },
+{ 0x1faf,	0x0101,	0x1faf,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb0,	0x0102,	0x1fb0,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb1,	0x0102,	0x1fb1,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb2,	0x0102,	0x1fb2,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb3,	0x0102,	0x1fb3,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb4,	0x0102,	0x1fb4,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb6,	0x0102,	0x1fb6,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb7,	0x0102,	0x1fb7,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb8,	0x0101,	0x1fb8,	0 },
+{ 0x1fb9,	0x0101,	0x1fb9,	0 },
+{ 0x1fba,	0x0101,	0x1fba,	0 },
+{ 0x1fbb,	0x0101,	0x1fbb,	0 },
+{ 0x1fbc,	0x0101,	0x1fbc,	0 },
+{ 0x1fbd,	0x0010,	0x0000,	4 },
+{ 0x1fc2,	0x0102,	0x1fc2,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc3,	0x0102,	0x1fc3,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc4,	0x0102,	0x1fc4,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc6,	0x0102,	0x1fc6,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc7,	0x0102,	0x1fc7,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc8,	0x0101,	0x1fc8,	0 },
+{ 0x1fc9,	0x0101,	0x1fc9,	0 },
+{ 0x1fca,	0x0101,	0x1fca,	0 },
+{ 0x1fcb,	0x0101,	0x1fcb,	0 },
+{ 0x1fcc,	0x0101,	0x1fcc,	0 },
+{ 0x1fcd,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x1fd0,	0x0102,	0x1fd0,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd1,	0x0102,	0x1fd1,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd2,	0x0102,	0x1fd2,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd3,	0x0102,	0x1fd3,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd6,	0x0102,	0x1fd6,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd7,	0x0102,	0x1fd7,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd8,	0x0101,	0x1fd8,	0 },
+{ 0x1fd9,	0x0101,	0x1fd9,	0 },
+{ 0x1fda,	0x0101,	0x1fda,	0 },
+{ 0x1fdb,	0x0101,	0x1fdb,	0 },
+{ 0x1fdd,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x1fe0,	0x0102,	0x1fe0,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe1,	0x0102,	0x1fe1,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe2,	0x0102,	0x1fe2,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe3,	0x0102,	0x1fe3,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe4,	0x0102,	0x1fe4,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe5,	0x0102,	0x1fe5,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe6,	0x0102,	0x1fe6,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe7,	0x0102,	0x1fe7,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe8,	0x0101,	0x1fe8,	0 },
+{ 0x1fe9,	0x0101,	0x1fe9,	0 },
+{ 0x1fea,	0x0101,	0x1fea,	0 },
+{ 0x1feb,	0x0101,	0x1feb,	0 },
+{ 0x1fec,	0x0101,	0x1fec,	0 },
+{ 0x1fed,	0x0010,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x1ff2,	0x0102,	0x1ff2,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff3,	0x0102,	0x1ff3,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff4,	0x0102,	0x1ff4,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff6,	0x0102,	0x1ff6,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff7,	0x0102,	0x1ff7,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff8,	0x0101,	0x1ff8,	0 },
+{ 0x1ff9,	0x0101,	0x1ff9,	0 },
+{ 0x1ffa,	0x0101,	0x1ffa,	0 },
+{ 0x1ffb,	0x0101,	0x1ffb,	0 },
+{ 0x1ffc,	0x0101,	0x1ffc,	0 },
+{ 0x1ffd,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x2000,	0x0018,	0x0000,	11 },
+{ 0x200c,	0x0030,	0x0000,	3 },
+{ 0x2010,	0x0010,	0x0000,	23 },
+{ 0x2028,	0x0030,	0x0000,	6 },
+{ 0x2030,	0x0010,	0x0000,	22 },
+{ 0x206a,	0x0030,	0x0000,	5 },
+{ 0x2070,	0x0004,	0x0000,	6 },
+{ 0x207a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	5 },
+{ 0x2080,	0x0004,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0x208a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	703 },
+{ 0x249c,	0x0112,	0x249c,	0 },
+{ 0x249d,	0x0112,	0x249d,	0 },
+{ 0x249e,	0x0112,	0x249e,	0 },
+{ 0x249f,	0x0112,	0x249f,	0 },
+{ 0x24a0,	0x0112,	0x24a0,	0 },
+{ 0x24a1,	0x0112,	0x24a1,	0 },
+{ 0x24a2,	0x0112,	0x24a2,	0 },
+{ 0x24a3,	0x0112,	0x24a3,	0 },
+{ 0x24a4,	0x0112,	0x24a4,	0 },
+{ 0x24a5,	0x0112,	0x24a5,	0 },
+{ 0x24a6,	0x0112,	0x24a6,	0 },
+{ 0x24a7,	0x0112,	0x24a7,	0 },
+{ 0x24a8,	0x0112,	0x24a8,	0 },
+{ 0x24a9,	0x0112,	0x24a9,	0 },
+{ 0x24aa,	0x0112,	0x24aa,	0 },
+{ 0x24ab,	0x0112,	0x24ab,	0 },
+{ 0x24ac,	0x0112,	0x24ac,	0 },
+{ 0x24ad,	0x0112,	0x24ad,	0 },
+{ 0x24ae,	0x0112,	0x24ae,	0 },
+{ 0x24af,	0x0112,	0x24af,	0 },
+{ 0x24b0,	0x0112,	0x24b0,	0 },
+{ 0x24b1,	0x0112,	0x24b1,	0 },
+{ 0x24b2,	0x0112,	0x24b2,	0 },
+{ 0x24b3,	0x0112,	0x24b3,	0 },
+{ 0x24b4,	0x0112,	0x24b4,	0 },
+{ 0x24b5,	0x0112,	0x24b5,	0 },
+{ 0x24b6,	0x0111,	0x24b6,	0 },
+{ 0x24b7,	0x0111,	0x24b7,	0 },
+{ 0x24b8,	0x0111,	0x24b8,	0 },
+{ 0x24b9,	0x0111,	0x24b9,	0 },
+{ 0x24ba,	0x0111,	0x24ba,	0 },
+{ 0x24bb,	0x0111,	0x24bb,	0 },
+{ 0x24bc,	0x0111,	0x24bc,	0 },
+{ 0x24bd,	0x0111,	0x24bd,	0 },
+{ 0x24be,	0x0111,	0x24be,	0 },
+{ 0x24bf,	0x0111,	0x24bf,	0 },
+{ 0x24c0,	0x0111,	0x24c0,	0 },
+{ 0x24c1,	0x0111,	0x24c1,	0 },
+{ 0x24c2,	0x0111,	0x24c2,	0 },
+{ 0x24c3,	0x0111,	0x24c3,	0 },
+{ 0x24c4,	0x0111,	0x24c4,	0 },
+{ 0x24c5,	0x0111,	0x24c5,	0 },
+{ 0x24c6,	0x0111,	0x24c6,	0 },
+{ 0x24c7,	0x0111,	0x24c7,	0 },
+{ 0x24c8,	0x0111,	0x24c8,	0 },
+{ 0x24c9,	0x0111,	0x24c9,	0 },
+{ 0x24ca,	0x0111,	0x24ca,	0 },
+{ 0x24cb,	0x0111,	0x24cb,	0 },
+{ 0x24cc,	0x0111,	0x24cc,	0 },
+{ 0x24cd,	0x0111,	0x24cd,	0 },
+{ 0x24ce,	0x0111,	0x24ce,	0 },
+{ 0x24cf,	0x0111,	0x24cf,	0 },
+{ 0x24d0,	0x0112,	0x24d0,	0 },
+{ 0x24d1,	0x0112,	0x24d1,	0 },
+{ 0x24d2,	0x0112,	0x24d2,	0 },
+{ 0x24d3,	0x0112,	0x24d3,	0 },
+{ 0x24d4,	0x0112,	0x24d4,	0 },
+{ 0x24d5,	0x0112,	0x24d5,	0 },
+{ 0x24d6,	0x0112,	0x24d6,	0 },
+{ 0x24d7,	0x0112,	0x24d7,	0 },
+{ 0x24d8,	0x0112,	0x24d8,	0 },
+{ 0x24d9,	0x0112,	0x24d9,	0 },
+{ 0x24da,	0x0112,	0x24da,	0 },
+{ 0x24db,	0x0112,	0x24db,	0 },
+{ 0x24dc,	0x0112,	0x24dc,	0 },
+{ 0x24dd,	0x0112,	0x24dd,	0 },
+{ 0x24de,	0x0112,	0x24de,	0 },
+{ 0x24df,	0x0112,	0x24df,	0 },
+{ 0x24e0,	0x0112,	0x24e0,	0 },
+{ 0x24e1,	0x0112,	0x24e1,	0 },
+{ 0x24e2,	0x0112,	0x24e2,	0 },
+{ 0x24e3,	0x0112,	0x24e3,	0 },
+{ 0x24e4,	0x0112,	0x24e4,	0 },
+{ 0x24e5,	0x0112,	0x24e5,	0 },
+{ 0x24e6,	0x0112,	0x24e6,	0 },
+{ 0x24e7,	0x0112,	0x24e7,	0 },
+{ 0x24e8,	0x0112,	0x24e8,	0 },
+{ 0x24e9,	0x0112,	0x24e9,	0 },
+{ 0x24ea,	0x0010,	0x0000,	496 },
+{ 0x3000,	0x0048,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x3001,	0x0010,	0x0000,	3 },
+{ 0x3005,	0x0110,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x3006,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x3007,	0x0110,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x3008,	0x0010,	0x0000,	48 },
+{ 0x3041,	0x0100,	0x0000,	83 },
+{ 0x3099,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0x309b,	0x0110,	0x0000,	3 },
+{ 0x30a1,	0x0100,	0x0000,	89 },
+{ 0x30fb,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0x30fc,	0x0110,	0x0000,	2 },
+{ 0x3105,	0x0100,	0x0000,	133 },
+{ 0x3190,	0x0010,	0x0000,	466 },
+{ 0x4e00,	0x0100,	0x0000,	32375 },
+{ 0xfb00,	0x0102,	0xfb00,	0 },
+{ 0xfb01,	0x0102,	0xfb01,	0 },
+{ 0xfb02,	0x0102,	0xfb02,	0 },
+{ 0xfb03,	0x0102,	0xfb03,	0 },
+{ 0xfb04,	0x0102,	0xfb04,	0 },
+{ 0xfb05,	0x0102,	0xfb05,	0 },
+{ 0xfb06,	0x0102,	0xfb06,	0 },
+{ 0xfb13,	0x0102,	0xfb13,	0 },
+{ 0xfb14,	0x0102,	0xfb14,	0 },
+{ 0xfb15,	0x0102,	0xfb15,	0 },
+{ 0xfb16,	0x0102,	0xfb16,	0 },
+{ 0xfb17,	0x0102,	0xfb17,	0 },
+{ 0xfb1e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0xfb1f,	0x0100,	0x0000,	504 },
+{ 0xfd3e,	0x0010,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0xfd50,	0x0100,	0x0000,	129 },
+{ 0xfe20,	0x0010,	0x0000,	71 },
+{ 0xfe80,	0x0110,	0x0000,	124 },
+{ 0xfeff,	0x0048,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0xff01,	0x0010,	0x0000,	14 },
+{ 0xff10,	0x0084,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0xff1a,	0x0010,	0x0000,	6 },
+{ 0xff21,	0x0181,	0xff21,	0 },
+{ 0xff22,	0x0181,	0xff22,	0 },
+{ 0xff23,	0x0181,	0xff23,	0 },
+{ 0xff24,	0x0181,	0xff24,	0 },
+{ 0xff25,	0x0181,	0xff25,	0 },
+{ 0xff26,	0x0181,	0xff26,	0 },
+{ 0xff27,	0x0101,	0xff27,	0 },
+{ 0xff28,	0x0101,	0xff28,	0 },
+{ 0xff29,	0x0101,	0xff29,	0 },
+{ 0xff2a,	0x0101,	0xff2a,	0 },
+{ 0xff2b,	0x0101,	0xff2b,	0 },
+{ 0xff2c,	0x0101,	0xff2c,	0 },
+{ 0xff2d,	0x0101,	0xff2d,	0 },
+{ 0xff2e,	0x0101,	0xff2e,	0 },
+{ 0xff2f,	0x0101,	0xff2f,	0 },
+{ 0xff30,	0x0101,	0xff30,	0 },
+{ 0xff31,	0x0101,	0xff31,	0 },
+{ 0xff32,	0x0101,	0xff32,	0 },
+{ 0xff33,	0x0101,	0xff33,	0 },
+{ 0xff34,	0x0101,	0xff34,	0 },
+{ 0xff35,	0x0101,	0xff35,	0 },
+{ 0xff36,	0x0101,	0xff36,	0 },
+{ 0xff37,	0x0101,	0xff37,	0 },
+{ 0xff38,	0x0101,	0xff38,	0 },
+{ 0xff39,	0x0101,	0xff39,	0 },
+{ 0xff3a,	0x0101,	0xff3a,	0 },
+{ 0xff3b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	5 },
+{ 0xff41,	0x0182,	0xff41,	0 },
+{ 0xff42,	0x0182,	0xff42,	0 },
+{ 0xff43,	0x0182,	0xff43,	0 },
+{ 0xff44,	0x0182,	0xff44,	0 },
+{ 0xff45,	0x0182,	0xff45,	0 },
+{ 0xff46,	0x0182,	0xff46,	0 },
+{ 0xff47,	0x0102,	0xff47,	0 },
+{ 0xff48,	0x0102,	0xff48,	0 },
+{ 0xff49,	0x0102,	0xff49,	0 },
+{ 0xff4a,	0x0102,	0xff4a,	0 },
+{ 0xff4b,	0x0102,	0xff4b,	0 },
+{ 0xff4c,	0x0102,	0xff4c,	0 },
+{ 0xff4d,	0x0102,	0xff4d,	0 },
+{ 0xff4e,	0x0102,	0xff4e,	0 },
+{ 0xff4f,	0x0102,	0xff4f,	0 },
+{ 0xff50,	0x0102,	0xff50,	0 },
+{ 0xff51,	0x0102,	0xff51,	0 },
+{ 0xff52,	0x0102,	0xff52,	0 },
+{ 0xff53,	0x0102,	0xff53,	0 },
+{ 0xff54,	0x0102,	0xff54,	0 },
+{ 0xff55,	0x0102,	0xff55,	0 },
+{ 0xff56,	0x0102,	0xff56,	0 },
+{ 0xff57,	0x0102,	0xff57,	0 },
+{ 0xff58,	0x0102,	0xff58,	0 },
+{ 0xff59,	0x0102,	0xff59,	0 },
+{ 0xff5a,	0x0102,	0xff5a,	0 },
+{ 0xff5b,	0x0010,	0x0000,	8 },
+{ 0xff66,	0x0100,	0x0000,	9 },
+{ 0xff70,	0x0110,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0xff71,	0x0100,	0x0000,	44 },
+{ 0xff9e,	0x0110,	0x0000,	1 },
+{ 0xffa0,	0x0010,	0x0000,	0 },
+{ 0xffa1,	0x0100,	0x0000,	50 },
+{ 0xffe0,	0x0010,	0x0000,	13 },
+};
+
+CONST UINT UNICODE_DATA_SIZE = sizeof(UnicodeData)/sizeof(UnicodeDataRec);
+CONST UINT UNICODE_DATA_DIRECT_ACCESS = 256;
+
+#endif // !HAVE_COREFOUNDATION
diff --git a/src/pal/src/locale/utf8.cpp b/src/pal/src/locale/utf8.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..87493a9673
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/locale/utf8.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2904 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    unicode/utf8.c
+
+Abstract:
+    Functions to encode and decode UTF-8 strings. This is a port of the C# version from mscorlib.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/utf8.h"
+
+#define FASTLOOP
+
+struct CharUnicodeInfo
+{
+    static const WCHAR HIGH_SURROGATE_START = 0xd800;
+    static const WCHAR HIGH_SURROGATE_END = 0xdbff;
+    static const WCHAR LOW_SURROGATE_START = 0xdc00;
+    static const WCHAR LOW_SURROGATE_END = 0xdfff;
+};
+
+struct Char
+{
+    // Test if the wide character is a high surrogate
+    static bool IsHighSurrogate(const WCHAR c)
+    {
+        return (c & 0xFC00) == CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START;
+    }
+
+    // Test if the wide character is a low surrogate
+    static bool IsLowSurrogate(const WCHAR c)
+    {
+        return (c & 0xFC00) == CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START;
+    }
+
+    // Test if the wide character is a low surrogate
+    static bool IsSurrogate(const WCHAR c)
+    {
+        return (c & 0xF800) == CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START;
+    }
+
+    // Test if the wide character is a high surrogate
+    static bool IsHighSurrogate(const WCHAR* s, int index)
+    {
+        return IsHighSurrogate(s[index]);
+    }
+
+    // Test if the wide character is a low surrogate
+    static bool IsLowSurrogate(const WCHAR* s, int index)
+    {
+        return IsLowSurrogate(s[index]);
+    }
+
+    // Test if the wide character is a low surrogate
+    static bool IsSurrogate(const WCHAR* s, int index)
+    {
+        return IsSurrogate(s[index]);
+    }
+};
+
+class ArgumentException
+{
+
+public:
+    ArgumentException(LPCSTR message)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ArgumentException(LPCSTR message, LPCSTR argName)
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+class ArgumentNullException : public ArgumentException
+{
+public:
+    ArgumentNullException(LPCSTR argName)
+        : ArgumentException("Argument is NULL", argName)
+    {
+
+    }
+};
+
+class ArgumentOutOfRangeException : public ArgumentException
+{
+public:
+    ArgumentOutOfRangeException(LPCSTR argName, LPCSTR message)
+        : ArgumentException(message, argName)
+    {
+
+    }
+};
+
+class InsufficientBufferException : public ArgumentException
+{
+public:
+    InsufficientBufferException(LPCSTR message, LPCSTR argName)
+        : ArgumentException(message, argName)
+    {
+
+    }
+};
+
+class Contract
+{
+public:
+    static void Assert(bool cond, LPCSTR str)
+    {
+        if (!cond)
+        {
+            throw ArgumentException(str);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void EndContractBlock()
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+class DecoderFallbackException : public ArgumentException
+{
+    BYTE *bytesUnknown;
+    int index;
+
+public:
+    DecoderFallbackException(
+        LPCSTR message, BYTE bytesUnknown[], int index) : ArgumentException(message)
+    {
+        this->bytesUnknown = bytesUnknown;
+        this->index = index;
+    }
+
+    BYTE *BytesUnknown()
+    {
+        return (bytesUnknown);
+    }
+
+    int GetIndex()
+    {
+        return index;
+    }
+};
+
+class DecoderFallbackBuffer;
+
+class DecoderFallback
+{
+public:
+
+    // Fallback
+    //
+    // Return the appropriate unicode string alternative to the character that need to fall back.
+
+    virtual DecoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer() = 0;
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount() = 0;
+};
+
+class DecoderReplacementFallback : public DecoderFallback
+{
+    // Our variables
+    WCHAR strDefault[2];
+    int strDefaultLength;
+
+public:
+    // Construction.  Default replacement fallback uses no best fit and ? replacement string
+    DecoderReplacementFallback() : DecoderReplacementFallback(W("?"))
+    {
+    }
+
+    DecoderReplacementFallback(const WCHAR* replacement)
+    {
+        // Must not be null
+        if (replacement == nullptr)
+            throw ArgumentNullException("replacement");
+        Contract::EndContractBlock();
+
+        // Make sure it doesn't have bad surrogate pairs
+        bool bFoundHigh = false;
+        int replacementLength = PAL_wcslen((const WCHAR *)replacement);
+        for (int i = 0; i < replacementLength; i++)
+        {
+            // Found a surrogate?
+            if (Char::IsSurrogate(replacement, i))
+            {
+                // High or Low?
+                if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(replacement, i))
+                {
+                    // if already had a high one, stop
+                    if (bFoundHigh)
+                        break;  // break & throw at the bFoundHIgh below
+                    bFoundHigh = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Low, did we have a high?
+                    if (!bFoundHigh)
+                    {
+                        // Didn't have one, make if fail when we stop
+                        bFoundHigh = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // Clear flag
+                    bFoundHigh = false;
+                }
+            }
+            // If last was high we're in trouble (not surrogate so not low surrogate, so break)
+            else if (bFoundHigh)
+                break;
+        }
+        if (bFoundHigh)
+            throw ArgumentException("String 'replacement' contains invalid Unicode code points.", "replacement");
+
+        wcscpy_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), replacement);
+        strDefaultLength = replacementLength;
+    }
+
+    WCHAR* GetDefaultString()
+    {
+        return strDefault;
+    }
+
+    virtual DecoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer();
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount()
+    {
+        return strDefaultLength;
+    }
+};
+
+class DecoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+    friend class UTF8Encoding;
+    // Most implimentations will probably need an implimenation-specific constructor
+
+    // internal methods that cannot be overriden that let us do our fallback thing
+    // These wrap the internal methods so that we can check for people doing stuff that's incorrect
+
+public:
+    virtual bool Fallback(BYTE bytesUnknown[], int index, int size) = 0;
+
+    // Get next character
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar() = 0;
+
+    //Back up a character
+    virtual bool MovePrevious() = 0;
+
+    // How many chars left in this fallback?
+    virtual int GetRemaining() = 0;
+
+    // Clear the buffer
+    virtual void Reset()
+    {
+        while (GetNextChar() != (WCHAR)0);
+    }
+
+    // Internal items to help us figure out what we're doing as far as error messages, etc.
+    // These help us with our performance and messages internally
+protected:
+    BYTE*           byteStart;
+    WCHAR*          charEnd;
+
+    // Internal reset
+    void InternalReset()
+    {
+        byteStart = nullptr;
+        Reset();
+    }
+
+    // Set the above values
+    // This can't be part of the constructor because EncoderFallbacks would have to know how to impliment these.
+    void InternalInitialize(BYTE* byteStart, WCHAR* charEnd)
+    {
+        this->byteStart = byteStart;
+        this->charEnd = charEnd;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback the current byte by sticking it into the remaining char buffer.
+    // This can only be called by our encodings (other have to use the public fallback methods), so
+    // we can use our DecoderNLS here too (except we don't).
+    // Returns true if we are successful, false if we can't fallback the character (no buffer space)
+    // So caller needs to throw buffer space if return false.
+    // Right now this has both bytes and bytes[], since we might have extra bytes, hence the
+    // array, and we might need the index, hence the byte*
+    // Don't touch ref chars unless we succeed
+    virtual bool InternalFallback(BYTE bytes[], BYTE* pBytes, WCHAR** chars, int size)
+    {
+
+        Contract::Assert(byteStart != nullptr, "[DecoderFallback.InternalFallback]Used InternalFallback without calling InternalInitialize");
+
+        // See if there's a fallback character and we have an output buffer then copy our string.
+        if (this->Fallback(bytes, (int)(pBytes - byteStart - size), size))
+        {
+            // Copy the chars to our output
+            WCHAR ch;
+            WCHAR* charTemp = *chars;
+            bool bHighSurrogate = false;
+            while ((ch = GetNextChar()) != 0)
+            {
+                // Make sure no mixed up surrogates
+                if (Char::IsSurrogate(ch))
+                {
+                    if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(ch))
+                    {
+                        // High Surrogate
+                        if (bHighSurrogate)
+                            throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+                        bHighSurrogate = true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Low surrogate
+                        if (bHighSurrogate == false)
+                            throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+                        bHighSurrogate = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (charTemp >= charEnd)
+                {
+                    // No buffer space
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                *(charTemp++) = ch;
+            }
+
+            // Need to make sure that bHighSurrogate isn't true
+            if (bHighSurrogate)
+                throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+
+            // Now we aren't going to be false, so its OK to update chars
+            chars = &charTemp;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // This version just counts the fallback and doesn't actually copy anything.
+    virtual int InternalFallback(BYTE bytes[], BYTE* pBytes, int size)
+        // Right now this has both bytes[] and BYTE* bytes, since we might have extra bytes, hence the
+        // array, and we might need the index, hence the byte*
+    {
+
+        Contract::Assert(byteStart != nullptr, "[DecoderFallback.InternalFallback]Used InternalFallback without calling InternalInitialize");
+
+        // See if there's a fallback character and we have an output buffer then copy our string.
+        if (this->Fallback(bytes, (int)(pBytes - byteStart - size), size))
+        {
+            int count = 0;
+
+            WCHAR ch;
+            bool bHighSurrogate = false;
+            while ((ch = GetNextChar()) != 0)
+            {
+                // Make sure no mixed up surrogates
+                if (Char::IsSurrogate(ch))
+                {
+                    if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(ch))
+                    {
+                        // High Surrogate
+                        if (bHighSurrogate)
+                            throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+                        bHighSurrogate = true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Low surrogate
+                        if (bHighSurrogate == false)
+                            throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+                        bHighSurrogate = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                count++;
+            }
+
+            // Need to make sure that bHighSurrogate isn't true
+            if (bHighSurrogate)
+                throw ArgumentException("String 'chars' contains invalid Unicode code points.");
+
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        // If no fallback return 0
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // private helper methods
+    void ThrowLastBytesRecursive(BYTE bytesUnknown[])
+    {
+        throw ArgumentException("Recursive fallback not allowed");
+    }
+};
+
+class DecoderReplacementFallbackBuffer : public DecoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+    // Store our default string
+    WCHAR strDefault[4];
+    int strDefaultLength;
+    int fallbackCount = -1;
+    int fallbackIndex = -1;
+
+public:
+    // Construction
+    DecoderReplacementFallbackBuffer(DecoderReplacementFallback* fallback)
+    {
+        // 2X in case we're a surrogate pair
+        wcscpy_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), fallback->GetDefaultString());
+        wcscat_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), fallback->GetDefaultString());
+        strDefaultLength = 2 * PAL_wcslen((const WCHAR *)fallback->GetDefaultString());
+
+    }
+
+    // Fallback Methods
+    virtual bool Fallback(BYTE bytesUnknown[], int index, int size)
+    {
+        // We expect no previous fallback in our buffer
+        // We can't call recursively but others might (note, we don't test on last char!!!)
+        if (fallbackCount >= 1)
+        {
+            ThrowLastBytesRecursive(bytesUnknown);
+        }
+
+        // Go ahead and get our fallback
+        if (strDefaultLength == 0)
+            return false;
+
+        fallbackCount = strDefaultLength;
+        fallbackIndex = -1;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar()
+    {
+        // We want it to get < 0 because == 0 means that the current/last character is a fallback
+        // and we need to detect recursion.  We could have a flag but we already have this counter.
+        fallbackCount--;
+        fallbackIndex++;
+
+        // Do we have anything left? 0 is now last fallback char, negative is nothing left
+        if (fallbackCount < 0)
+            return '\0';
+
+        // Need to get it out of the buffer.
+        // Make sure it didn't wrap from the fast count-- path
+        if (fallbackCount == INT_MAX)
+        {
+            fallbackCount = -1;
+            return '\0';
+        }
+
+        // Now make sure its in the expected range
+        Contract::Assert(fallbackIndex < strDefaultLength && fallbackIndex >= 0,
+            "Index exceeds buffer range");
+
+        return strDefault[fallbackIndex];
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MovePrevious()
+    {
+        // Back up one, only if we just processed the last character (or earlier)
+        if (fallbackCount >= -1 && fallbackIndex >= 0)
+        {
+            fallbackIndex--;
+            fallbackCount++;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Return false 'cause we couldn't do it.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // How many characters left to output?
+    virtual int GetRemaining()
+    {
+        // Our count is 0 for 1 character left.
+        return (fallbackCount < 0) ? 0 : fallbackCount;
+    }
+
+    // Clear the buffer
+    virtual void Reset()
+    {
+        fallbackCount = -1;
+        fallbackIndex = -1;
+        byteStart = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // This version just counts the fallback and doesn't actually copy anything.
+    virtual int InternalFallback(BYTE bytes[], BYTE* pBytes, int size)
+        // Right now this has both bytes and bytes[], since we might have extra bytes, hence the
+        // array, and we might need the index, hence the byte*
+    {
+        // return our replacement string Length
+        return strDefaultLength;
+    }
+};
+
+class DecoderExceptionFallbackBuffer : public DecoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+public:
+    DecoderExceptionFallbackBuffer()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Fallback(BYTE bytesUnknown[], int index, int size)
+    {
+        throw DecoderFallbackException(
+            "Unable to translate UTF-8 character to Unicode", bytesUnknown, index);
+    }
+
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MovePrevious()
+    {
+        // Exception fallback doesn't have anywhere to back up to.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Exceptions are always empty
+    virtual int GetRemaining()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+};
+
+class DecoderExceptionFallback : public DecoderFallback
+{
+    // Construction
+public:
+    DecoderExceptionFallback()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual DecoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer()
+    {
+        return new DecoderExceptionFallbackBuffer();
+    }
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+DecoderFallbackBuffer* DecoderReplacementFallback::CreateFallbackBuffer()
+{
+    return new DecoderReplacementFallbackBuffer(this);
+}
+
+class EncoderFallbackException : public ArgumentException
+{
+    WCHAR   charUnknown;
+    WCHAR   charUnknownHigh;
+    WCHAR   charUnknownLow;
+    int     index;
+
+public:
+    EncoderFallbackException(
+        LPCSTR message, WCHAR charUnknown, int index) : ArgumentException(message)
+    {
+        this->charUnknown = charUnknown;
+        this->index = index;
+    }
+
+    EncoderFallbackException(
+        LPCSTR message, WCHAR charUnknownHigh, WCHAR charUnknownLow, int index) : ArgumentException(message)
+    {
+        if (!Char::IsHighSurrogate(charUnknownHigh))
+        {
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownHigh",
+                "Argument out of range 0xD800..0xDBFF");
+        }
+        if (!Char::IsLowSurrogate(charUnknownLow))
+        {
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownLow",
+                "Argument out of range 0xDC00..0xDFFF");
+        }
+        Contract::EndContractBlock();
+
+        this->charUnknownHigh = charUnknownHigh;
+        this->charUnknownLow = charUnknownLow;
+        this->index = index;
+    }
+
+    WCHAR GetCharUnknown()
+    {
+        return (charUnknown);
+    }
+
+    WCHAR GetCharUnknownHigh()
+    {
+        return (charUnknownHigh);
+    }   
+
+    WCHAR GetCharUnknownLow()
+    {
+        return (charUnknownLow);
+    }
+
+    int GetIndex()
+    {
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    // Return true if the unknown character is a surrogate pair.
+    bool IsUnknownSurrogate()
+    {
+        return (charUnknownHigh != '\0');
+    }
+};
+
+class EncoderFallbackBuffer;
+
+class EncoderFallback
+{
+public:
+
+    // Fallback
+    //
+    // Return the appropriate unicode string alternative to the character that need to fall back.
+
+    virtual EncoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer() = 0;
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount() = 0;
+};
+
+class EncoderReplacementFallback : public EncoderFallback
+{
+    // Our variables
+    WCHAR strDefault[2];
+    int strDefaultLength;
+
+public:
+    // Construction.  Default replacement fallback uses no best fit and ? replacement string
+    EncoderReplacementFallback() : EncoderReplacementFallback(W("?"))
+    {
+    }
+
+    EncoderReplacementFallback(const WCHAR* replacement)
+    {
+        // Must not be null
+        if (replacement == nullptr)
+            throw ArgumentNullException("replacement");
+        Contract::EndContractBlock();
+
+        // Make sure it doesn't have bad surrogate pairs
+        bool bFoundHigh = false;
+        int replacementLength = PAL_wcslen((const WCHAR *)replacement);
+        for (int i = 0; i < replacementLength; i++)
+        {
+            // Found a surrogate?
+            if (Char::IsSurrogate(replacement, i))
+            {
+                // High or Low?
+                if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(replacement, i))
+                {
+                    // if already had a high one, stop
+                    if (bFoundHigh)
+                        break;  // break & throw at the bFoundHIgh below
+                    bFoundHigh = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Low, did we have a high?
+                    if (!bFoundHigh)
+                    {
+                        // Didn't have one, make if fail when we stop
+                        bFoundHigh = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    // Clear flag
+                    bFoundHigh = false;
+                }
+            }
+            // If last was high we're in trouble (not surrogate so not low surrogate, so break)
+            else if (bFoundHigh)
+                break;
+        }
+        if (bFoundHigh)
+            throw ArgumentException("String 'replacement' contains invalid Unicode code points.", "replacement");
+
+        wcscpy_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), replacement);
+        strDefaultLength = replacementLength;
+    }
+
+    WCHAR* GetDefaultString()
+    {
+        return strDefault;
+    }
+
+    virtual EncoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer();
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount()
+    {
+        return strDefaultLength;
+    }
+};
+
+class EncoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+    friend class UTF8Encoding;
+    // Most implementations will probably need an implemenation-specific constructor
+
+    // Public methods that cannot be overriden that let us do our fallback thing
+    // These wrap the internal methods so that we can check for people doing stuff that is incorrect
+
+public:
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknown, int index) = 0;
+
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknownHigh, WCHAR charUnknownLow, int index) = 0;
+
+    // Get next character
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar() = 0;
+
+    // Back up a character
+    virtual bool MovePrevious() = 0;
+
+    // How many chars left in this fallback?
+    virtual int GetRemaining() = 0;
+
+    // Not sure if this should be public or not.
+    // Clear the buffer
+    virtual void Reset()
+    {
+        while (GetNextChar() != (WCHAR)0);
+    }
+
+    // Internal items to help us figure out what we're doing as far as error messages, etc.
+    // These help us with our performance and messages internally
+protected:
+    WCHAR*          charStart;
+    WCHAR*          charEnd;
+    bool            setEncoder;
+    bool            bUsedEncoder;
+    bool            bFallingBack = false;
+    int             iRecursionCount = 0;
+    static const int iMaxRecursion = 250;
+
+    // Internal Reset
+    // For example, what if someone fails a conversion and wants to reset one of our fallback buffers?
+    void InternalReset()
+    {
+        charStart = nullptr;
+        bFallingBack = false;
+        iRecursionCount = 0;
+        Reset();
+    }
+
+    // Set the above values
+    // This can't be part of the constructor because EncoderFallbacks would have to know how to impliment these.
+    void InternalInitialize(WCHAR* charStart, WCHAR* charEnd, bool setEncoder)
+    {
+        this->charStart = charStart;
+        this->charEnd = charEnd;
+        this->setEncoder = setEncoder;
+        this->bUsedEncoder = false;
+        this->bFallingBack = false;
+        this->iRecursionCount = 0;
+    }
+
+    WCHAR InternalGetNextChar()
+    {
+        WCHAR ch = GetNextChar();
+        bFallingBack = (ch != 0);
+        if (ch == 0) iRecursionCount = 0;
+        return ch;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback the current character using the remaining buffer and encoder if necessary
+    // This can only be called by our encodings (other have to use the public fallback methods), so
+    // we can use our EncoderNLS here too.
+    // setEncoder is true if we're calling from a GetBytes method, false if we're calling from a GetByteCount
+    //
+    // Note that this could also change the contents of this->encoder, which is the same
+    // object that the caller is using, so the caller could mess up the encoder for us
+    // if they aren't careful.
+    virtual bool InternalFallback(WCHAR ch, WCHAR** chars)
+    {
+        // Shouldn't have null charStart
+        Contract::Assert(charStart != nullptr,
+            "[EncoderFallback.InternalFallbackBuffer]Fallback buffer is not initialized");
+
+        // Get our index, remember chars was preincremented to point at next char, so have to -1
+        int index = (int)(*chars - charStart) - 1;
+
+        // See if it was a high surrogate
+        if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(ch))
+        {
+            // See if there's a low surrogate to go with it
+            if (*chars >= this->charEnd)
+            {
+                // Nothing left in input buffer
+                // No input, return 0
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Might have a low surrogate
+                WCHAR cNext = **chars;
+                if (Char::IsLowSurrogate(cNext))
+                {
+                    // If already falling back then fail
+                    if (bFallingBack && iRecursionCount++ > iMaxRecursion)
+                        ThrowLastCharRecursive(ch, cNext);
+
+                    // Next is a surrogate, add it as surrogate pair, and increment chars
+                    (*chars)++;
+                    bFallingBack = Fallback(ch, cNext, index);
+                    return bFallingBack;
+                }
+
+                // Next isn't a low surrogate, just fallback the high surrogate
+            }
+        }
+
+        // If already falling back then fail
+        if (bFallingBack && iRecursionCount++ > iMaxRecursion)
+            ThrowLastCharRecursive((int)ch);
+
+        // Fall back our char
+        bFallingBack = Fallback(ch, index);
+
+        return bFallingBack;
+    }
+
+    // private helper methods
+    void ThrowLastCharRecursive(WCHAR highSurrogate, WCHAR lowSurrogate)
+    {
+        // Throw it, using our complete character
+        throw ArgumentException("Recursive fallback not allowed", "chars");
+    }
+
+    void ThrowLastCharRecursive(int utf32Char)
+    {
+        throw ArgumentException("Recursive fallback not allowed", "chars");
+    }
+
+};
+
+class EncoderReplacementFallbackBuffer : public EncoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+    // Store our default string
+    WCHAR strDefault[4];
+    int strDefaultLength;
+    int fallbackCount = -1;
+    int fallbackIndex = -1;
+public:
+    // Construction
+    EncoderReplacementFallbackBuffer(EncoderReplacementFallback* fallback)
+    {
+        // 2X in case we're a surrogate pair
+        wcscpy_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), fallback->GetDefaultString());
+        wcscat_s(strDefault, sizeof(strDefault), fallback->GetDefaultString());
+        strDefaultLength = 2 * PAL_wcslen((const WCHAR *)fallback->GetDefaultString());
+
+    }
+
+    // Fallback Methods
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknown, int index)
+    {
+        // If we had a buffer already we're being recursive, throw, it's probably at the suspect
+        // character in our array.
+        if (fallbackCount >= 1)
+        {
+            // If we're recursive we may still have something in our buffer that makes this a surrogate
+            if (Char::IsHighSurrogate(charUnknown) && fallbackCount >= 0 &&
+                Char::IsLowSurrogate(strDefault[fallbackIndex + 1]))
+                ThrowLastCharRecursive(charUnknown, strDefault[fallbackIndex + 1]);
+
+            // Nope, just one character
+            ThrowLastCharRecursive((int)charUnknown);
+        }
+
+        // Go ahead and get our fallback
+        // Divide by 2 because we aren't a surrogate pair
+        fallbackCount = strDefaultLength / 2;
+        fallbackIndex = -1;
+
+        return fallbackCount != 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknownHigh, WCHAR charUnknownLow, int index)
+    {
+        // Double check input surrogate pair
+        if (!Char::IsHighSurrogate(charUnknownHigh))
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownHigh",
+            "Argument out of range 0xD800..0xDBFF");
+
+        if (!Char::IsLowSurrogate(charUnknownLow))
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownLow",
+            "Argument out of range 0xDC00..0xDFFF");
+        Contract::EndContractBlock();
+
+        // If we had a buffer already we're being recursive, throw, it's probably at the suspect
+        // character in our array.
+        if (fallbackCount >= 1)
+            ThrowLastCharRecursive(charUnknownHigh, charUnknownLow);
+
+        // Go ahead and get our fallback
+        fallbackCount = strDefaultLength;
+        fallbackIndex = -1;
+
+        return fallbackCount != 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar()
+    {
+        // We want it to get < 0 because == 0 means that the current/last character is a fallback
+        // and we need to detect recursion.  We could have a flag but we already have this counter.
+        fallbackCount--;
+        fallbackIndex++;
+
+        // Do we have anything left? 0 is now last fallback char, negative is nothing left
+        if (fallbackCount < 0)
+            return '\0';
+
+        // Need to get it out of the buffer.
+        // Make sure it didn't wrap from the fast count-- path
+        if (fallbackCount == INT_MAX)
+        {
+            fallbackCount = -1;
+            return '\0';
+        }
+
+        // Now make sure its in the expected range
+        Contract::Assert(fallbackIndex < strDefaultLength && fallbackIndex >= 0,
+            "Index exceeds buffer range");
+
+        return strDefault[fallbackIndex];
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MovePrevious()
+    {
+        // Back up one, only if we just processed the last character (or earlier)
+        if (fallbackCount >= -1 && fallbackIndex >= 0)
+        {
+            fallbackIndex--;
+            fallbackCount++;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Return false 'cause we couldn't do it.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // How many characters left to output?
+    virtual int GetRemaining()
+    {
+        // Our count is 0 for 1 character left.
+        return (fallbackCount < 0) ? 0 : fallbackCount;
+    }
+
+    // Clear the buffer
+    virtual void Reset()
+    {
+        fallbackCount = -1;
+        fallbackIndex = 0;
+        charStart = nullptr;
+        bFallingBack = false;
+    }
+};
+
+class EncoderExceptionFallbackBuffer : public EncoderFallbackBuffer
+{
+public:
+    EncoderExceptionFallbackBuffer()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknown, int index)
+    {
+        // Fall back our char
+        throw EncoderFallbackException("Unable to translate Unicode character to UTF-8", charUnknown, index);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Fallback(WCHAR charUnknownHigh, WCHAR charUnknownLow, int index)
+    {
+        if (!Char::IsHighSurrogate(charUnknownHigh))
+        {
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownHigh",
+                "Argument out of range 0xD800..0xDBFF");
+        }
+        if (!Char::IsLowSurrogate(charUnknownLow))
+        {
+            throw ArgumentOutOfRangeException("charUnknownLow",
+                "Argument out of range 0xDC00..0xDFFF");
+        }
+        Contract::EndContractBlock();
+
+        //int iTemp = Char::ConvertToUtf32(charUnknownHigh, charUnknownLow);
+
+        // Fall back our char
+        throw EncoderFallbackException(
+            "Unable to translate Unicode character to UTF-8", charUnknownHigh, charUnknownLow, index);
+    }
+
+    virtual WCHAR GetNextChar()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool MovePrevious()
+    {
+        // Exception fallback doesn't have anywhere to back up to.
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Exceptions are always empty
+    virtual int GetRemaining()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+class EncoderExceptionFallback : public EncoderFallback
+{
+    // Construction
+public:
+    EncoderExceptionFallback()
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual EncoderFallbackBuffer* CreateFallbackBuffer()
+    {
+        return new EncoderExceptionFallbackBuffer();
+    }
+
+    // Maximum number of characters that this instance of this fallback could return
+    virtual int GetMaxCharCount()
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+EncoderFallbackBuffer* EncoderReplacementFallback::CreateFallbackBuffer()
+{
+    return new EncoderReplacementFallbackBuffer(this);
+}
+
+class UTF8Encoding
+{
+    EncoderFallback* encoderFallback;
+    // Instances of the two possible fallbacks. The constructor parameter
+    // determines which one to use.
+    EncoderReplacementFallback encoderReplacementFallback;
+    EncoderExceptionFallback encoderExceptionFallback;
+
+    DecoderFallback* decoderFallback;
+    // Instances of the two possible fallbacks. The constructor parameter
+    // determines which one to use.
+    DecoderReplacementFallback decoderReplacementFallback;
+    DecoderExceptionFallback decoderExceptionFallback;
+
+    bool InRange(WCHAR c, WCHAR begin, WCHAR end)
+    {
+        return begin <= c && c <= end;
+    }
+
+    size_t PtrDiff(void* ptr1, void* ptr2)
+    {
+        return (BYTE*)ptr2 - (BYTE*)ptr1;
+    }
+
+    void ThrowBytesOverflow()
+    {
+        // Special message to include fallback type in case fallback's GetMaxCharCount is broken
+        // This happens if user has implimented an encoder fallback with a broken GetMaxCharCount
+        throw InsufficientBufferException("The output byte buffer is too small to contain the encoded data", "bytes");
+    }
+
+    void ThrowBytesOverflow(bool nothingEncoded)
+    {
+        // Special message to include fallback type in case fallback's GetMaxCharCount is broken
+        // This happens if user has implimented an encoder fallback with a broken GetMaxCharCount
+        if (nothingEncoded){
+            ThrowBytesOverflow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ThrowCharsOverflow()
+    {
+        // Special message to include fallback type in case fallback's GetMaxCharCount is broken
+        // This happens if user has implimented a decoder fallback with a broken GetMaxCharCount
+        throw InsufficientBufferException("The output char buffer is too small to contain the encoded data", "chars");
+    }
+
+    void ThrowCharsOverflow(bool nothingEncoded)
+    {
+        // Special message to include fallback type in case fallback's GetMaxCharCount is broken
+        // This happens if user has implimented an decoder fallback with a broken GetMaxCharCount
+        if (nothingEncoded){
+            ThrowCharsOverflow();
+        }
+    }
+
+    int FallbackInvalidByteSequence(BYTE* pSrc, int ch, DecoderFallbackBuffer *fallback)
+    {
+        // Get our byte[]
+        BYTE *bytesUnknown;
+        int size = GetBytesUnknown(pSrc, ch, &bytesUnknown);
+
+        // Do the actual fallback
+        int count = fallback->InternalFallback(bytesUnknown, pSrc, size);
+
+        // # of fallback chars expected.
+        // Note that we only get here for "long" sequences, and have already unreserved
+        // the count that we prereserved for the input bytes
+        return count;
+    }
+
+    int GetBytesUnknown(BYTE* pSrc, int ch, BYTE **bytesUnknown)
+    {
+        int size;
+        BYTE bytes[3];
+
+        // See if it was a plain char
+        // (have to check >= 0 because we have all sorts of wierd bit flags)
+        if (ch < 0x100 && ch >= 0)
+        {
+            pSrc--;
+            bytes[0] = (BYTE)ch;
+            size =  1;
+        }
+        // See if its an unfinished 2 byte sequence
+        else if ((ch & (SupplimentarySeq | ThreeByteSeq)) == 0)
+        {
+            pSrc--;
+            bytes[0] = (BYTE)((ch & 0x1F) | 0xc0);
+            size = 1;
+        }
+        // So now we're either 2nd byte of 3 or 4 byte sequence or
+        // we hit a non-trail byte or we ran out of space for 3rd byte of 4 byte sequence
+        // 1st check if its a 4 byte sequence
+        else if ((ch & SupplimentarySeq) != 0)
+        {
+            //  3rd byte of 4 byte sequence?
+            if ((ch & (FinalByte >> 6)) != 0)
+            {
+                // 3rd byte of 4 byte sequence
+                pSrc -= 3;
+                bytes[0] = (BYTE)(((ch >> 12) & 0x07) | 0xF0);
+                bytes[1] = (BYTE)(((ch >> 6) & 0x3F) | 0x80);
+                bytes[2] = (BYTE)(((ch)& 0x3F) | 0x80);
+                size = 3;
+            }
+            else if ((ch & (FinalByte >> 12)) != 0)
+            {
+                // 2nd byte of a 4 byte sequence
+                pSrc -= 2;
+                bytes[0] = (BYTE)(((ch >> 6) & 0x07) | 0xF0);
+                bytes[1] = (BYTE)(((ch)& 0x3F) | 0x80);
+                size = 2;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 4th byte of a 4 byte sequence
+                pSrc--;
+                bytes[0] = (BYTE)(((ch)& 0x07) | 0xF0);
+                size = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // 2nd byte of 3 byte sequence?
+            if ((ch & (FinalByte >> 6)) != 0)
+            {
+                // So its 2nd byte of a 3 byte sequence
+                pSrc -= 2;
+                bytes[0] = (BYTE)(((ch >> 6) & 0x0F) | 0xE0);
+                bytes[1] = (BYTE)(((ch)& 0x3F) | 0x80);
+                size = 2;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // 1st byte of a 3 byte sequence
+                pSrc--;
+                bytes[0] = (BYTE)(((ch)& 0x0F) | 0xE0);
+                size = 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        *bytesUnknown = bytes;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+public:
+
+    UTF8Encoding(bool isThrowException)
+        : encoderReplacementFallback(W("\xFFFD"))
+    {
+        if (isThrowException)
+        {
+            encoderFallback = &encoderExceptionFallback;
+            decoderFallback = &decoderExceptionFallback;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            encoderFallback = &encoderReplacementFallback;
+            decoderFallback = &decoderReplacementFallback;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // These are bitmasks used to maintain the state in the decoder. They occupy the higher bits
+    // while the actual character is being built in the lower bits. They are shifted together
+    // with the actual bits of the character.
+
+    // bits 30 & 31 are used for pending bits fixup
+    const int FinalByte = 1 << 29;
+    const int SupplimentarySeq = 1 << 28;
+    const int ThreeByteSeq = 1 << 27;
+
+    int GetCharCount(BYTE* bytes, int count)
+    {
+        Contract::Assert(bytes != nullptr, "[UTF8Encoding.GetCharCount]bytes!=nullptr");
+        Contract::Assert(count >= 0, "[UTF8Encoding.GetCharCount]count >=0");
+
+        // Initialize stuff
+        BYTE *pSrc = bytes;
+        BYTE *pEnd = pSrc + count;
+
+        // Start by assuming we have as many as count, charCount always includes the adjustment
+        // for the character being decoded
+        int charCount = count;
+        int ch = 0;
+        DecoderFallbackBuffer *fallback = nullptr;
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            // SLOWLOOP: does all range checks, handles all special cases, but it is slow
+            if (pSrc >= pEnd) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // read next byte. The JIT optimization seems to be getting confused when
+            // compiling "ch = *pSrc++;", so rather use "ch = *pSrc; pSrc++;" instead
+            int cha = *pSrc;
+
+            if (ch == 0) {
+                // no pending bits
+                goto ReadChar;
+            }
+
+            pSrc++;
+
+            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+            if ((cha & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                // This can be a valid starting byte for another UTF8 byte sequence, so let's put
+                // the current byte back, and try to see if this is a valid byte for another UTF8 byte sequence
+                pSrc--;
+                charCount += (ch >> 30);
+                goto InvalidByteSequence;
+            }
+
+            // fold in the new byte
+            ch = (ch << 6) | (cha & 0x3F);
+
+            if ((ch & FinalByte) == 0) {
+                Contract::Assert((ch & (SupplimentarySeq | ThreeByteSeq)) != 0,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Invariant volation");
+
+                if ((ch & SupplimentarySeq) != 0) {
+                    if ((ch & (FinalByte >> 6)) != 0) {
+                        // this is 3rd byte (of 4 byte supplimentary) - nothing to do
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // 2nd byte, check for non-shortest form of supplimentary char and the valid
+                    // supplimentary characters in range 0x010000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                    if (!InRange(ch & 0x1F0, 0x10, 0x100)) {
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Must be 2nd byte of a 3-byte sequence
+                    // check for non-shortest form of 3 byte seq
+                    if ((ch & (0x1F << 5)) == 0 ||                  // non-shortest form
+                        (ch & (0xF800 >> 6)) == (0xD800 >> 6))     // illegal individually encoded surrogate
+                    {
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // ready to punch
+
+            // adjust for surrogates in non-shortest form
+            if ((ch & (SupplimentarySeq | 0x1F0000)) == SupplimentarySeq) {
+                charCount--;
+            }
+            goto EncodeChar;
+
+        InvalidByteSequence:
+            // this code fragment should be close to the gotos referencing it
+            // Have to do fallback for invalid bytes
+            if (fallback == nullptr)
+            {
+                fallback = decoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+                fallback->InternalInitialize(bytes, nullptr);
+            }
+            charCount += FallbackInvalidByteSequence(pSrc, ch, fallback);
+
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+
+        ReadChar:
+            ch = *pSrc;
+            pSrc++;
+
+        ProcessChar:
+            if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                // If its > 0x7F, its start of a new multi-byte sequence
+
+                // Long sequence, so unreserve our char.
+                charCount--;
+
+                // bit 6 has to be non-zero for start of multibyte chars.
+                if ((ch & 0x40) == 0) {
+                    // Unexpected trail byte
+                    goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                }
+
+                // start a new long code
+                if ((ch & 0x20) != 0) {
+                    if ((ch & 0x10) != 0) {
+                        // 4 byte encoding - supplimentary character (2 surrogates)
+
+                        ch &= 0x0F;
+
+                        // check that bit 4 is zero and the valid supplimentary character
+                        // range 0x000000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                        if (ch > 0x04) {
+                            ch |= 0xf0;
+                            goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                        }
+
+                        // Add bit flags so that when we check new characters & rotate we'll be flagged correctly.
+                        // Final byte flag, count fix if we don't make final byte & supplimentary sequence flag.
+                        ch |= (FinalByte >> 3 * 6) |  // Final byte is 3 more bytes from now
+                            (1 << 30) |           // If it dies on next byte we'll need an extra char
+                            (3 << (30 - 2 * 6)) |     // If it dies on last byte we'll need to subtract a char
+                            (SupplimentarySeq) | (SupplimentarySeq >> 6) |
+                            (SupplimentarySeq >> 2 * 6) | (SupplimentarySeq >> 3 * 6);
+
+                        // Our character count will be 2 characters for these 4 bytes, so subtract another char
+                        charCount--;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // 3 byte encoding
+                        // Add bit flags so that when we check new characters & rotate we'll be flagged correctly.
+                        ch = (ch & 0x0F) | ((FinalByte >> 2 * 6) | (1 << 30) |
+                            (ThreeByteSeq) | (ThreeByteSeq >> 6) | (ThreeByteSeq >> 2 * 6));
+
+                        // We'll expect 1 character for these 3 bytes, so subtract another char.
+                        charCount--;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // 2 byte encoding
+
+                    ch &= 0x1F;
+
+                    // check for non-shortest form
+                    if (ch <= 1) {
+                        ch |= 0xc0;
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+
+                    // Add bit flags so we'll be flagged correctly
+                    ch |= (FinalByte >> 6);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        EncodeChar:
+
+#ifdef FASTLOOP
+            int availableBytes = PtrDiff(pEnd, pSrc);
+
+            // don't fall into the fast decoding loop if we don't have enough bytes
+            if (availableBytes <= 13) {
+                // try to get over the remainder of the ascii characters fast though
+            BYTE* pLocalEnd = pEnd; // hint to get pLocalEnd enregistered
+                while (pSrc < pLocalEnd) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+
+                    if (ch > 0x7F)
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+                }
+                // we are done
+                ch = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // To compute the upper bound, assume that all characters are ASCII characters at this point,
+            //  the boundary will be decreased for every non-ASCII character we encounter
+            // Also, we need 7 chars reserve for the unrolled ansi decoding loop and for decoding of multibyte sequences
+            BYTE *pStop = pSrc + availableBytes - 7;
+
+            while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                ch = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                    goto LongCode;
+                }
+
+                // get pSrc 2-byte aligned
+                if (((int)pSrc & 0x1) != 0) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+                    if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                        goto LongCode;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // get pSrc 4-byte aligned
+                if (((int)pSrc & 0x2) != 0) {
+                    ch = *(USHORT*)pSrc;
+                    if ((ch & 0x8080) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask16;
+                    }
+                    pSrc += 2;
+                }
+
+
+                // Run 8 + 8 characters at a time!
+                while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    int chb = *(int*)(pSrc + 4);
+                    if (((ch | chb) & (int)0x80808080) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask32;
+                    }
+                    pSrc += 8;
+
+                    // This is a really small loop - unroll it
+                    if (pSrc >= pStop)
+                        break;
+
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    chb = *(int*)(pSrc + 4);
+                    if (((ch | chb) & (int)0x80808080) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask32;
+                    }
+                    pSrc += 8;
+                }
+                break;
+
+#if BIGENDIAN
+            LongCodeWithMask32 :
+                // be careful about the sign extension
+                ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 16);
+            LongCodeWithMask16:
+                ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 8);
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+            LongCodeWithMask32:
+            LongCodeWithMask16:
+                ch &= 0xFF;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                pSrc++;
+                if (ch <= 0x7F) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+            LongCode:
+                int chc = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (
+                    // bit 6 has to be zero
+                    (ch & 0x40) == 0 ||
+                    // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                    (chc & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                {
+                    goto BadLongCode;
+                }
+
+                chc &= 0x3F;
+
+                // start a new long code
+                if ((ch & 0x20) != 0) {
+
+                    // fold the first two bytes together
+                    chc |= (ch & 0x0F) << 6;
+
+                    if ((ch & 0x10) != 0) {
+                        // 4 byte encoding - surrogate
+                        ch = *pSrc;
+                        if (
+                            // check that bit 4 is zero, the non-shortest form of surrogate
+                            // and the valid surrogate range 0x000000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                            !InRange(chc >> 4, 0x01, 0x10) ||
+                            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                            (ch & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+
+                        chc = (chc << 6) | (ch & 0x3F);
+
+                        ch = *(pSrc + 1);
+                        // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                        if ((ch & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+                        pSrc += 2;
+
+                        // extra byte
+                        charCount--;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // 3 byte encoding
+                        ch = *pSrc;
+                        if (
+                            // check for non-shortest form of 3 byte seq
+                            (chc & (0x1F << 5)) == 0 ||
+                            // Can't have surrogates here.
+                            (chc & (0xF800 >> 6)) == (0xD800 >> 6) ||
+                            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                            (ch & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+                        pSrc++;
+
+                        // extra byte
+                        charCount--;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // 2 byte encoding
+
+                    // check for non-shortest form
+                    if ((ch & 0x1E) == 0) {
+                        goto BadLongCode;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // extra byte
+                charCount--;
+            }
+#endif // FASTLOOP
+
+            // no pending bits at this point
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+
+        BadLongCode:
+            pSrc -= 2;
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // May have a problem if we have to flush
+        if (ch != 0)
+        {
+            // We were already adjusting for these, so need to unadjust
+            charCount += (ch >> 30);
+            // Have to do fallback for invalid bytes
+            if (fallback == nullptr)
+            {
+                fallback = decoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+                fallback->InternalInitialize(bytes, nullptr);
+            }
+            charCount += FallbackInvalidByteSequence(pSrc, ch, fallback);
+        }
+
+        // Shouldn't have anything in fallback buffer for GetCharCount
+        // (don't have to check m_throwOnOverflow for count)
+        Contract::Assert(fallback == nullptr || fallback->GetRemaining() == 0,
+            "[UTF8Encoding.GetCharCount]Expected empty fallback buffer at end");
+
+        return charCount;
+
+    }
+
+    int GetChars(BYTE* bytes, int byteCount, WCHAR* chars, int charCount)
+    {
+        Contract::Assert(chars != nullptr, "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]chars!=nullptr");
+        Contract::Assert(byteCount >= 0, "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]byteCount >=0");
+        Contract::Assert(charCount >= 0, "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]charCount >=0");
+        Contract::Assert(bytes != nullptr, "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]bytes!=nullptr");
+
+        BYTE *pSrc = bytes;
+        WCHAR *pTarget = chars;
+
+        BYTE *pEnd = pSrc + byteCount;
+        WCHAR *pAllocatedBufferEnd = pTarget + charCount;
+
+        int ch = 0;
+
+        DecoderFallbackBuffer *fallback = nullptr;
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            // SLOWLOOP: does all range checks, handles all special cases, but it is slow
+
+            if (pSrc >= pEnd) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // read next byte. The JIT optimization seems to be getting confused when
+            // compiling "ch = *pSrc++;", so rather use "ch = *pSrc; pSrc++;" instead
+            int cha = *pSrc;
+
+            if (ch == 0) {
+                // no pending bits
+                goto ReadChar;
+            }
+
+            pSrc++;
+
+            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+            if ((cha & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                // This can be a valid starting byte for another UTF8 byte sequence, so let's put
+                // the current byte back, and try to see if this is a valid byte for another UTF8 byte sequence
+                pSrc--;
+                goto InvalidByteSequence;
+            }
+
+            // fold in the new byte
+            ch = (ch << 6) | (cha & 0x3F);
+
+            if ((ch & FinalByte) == 0) {
+                // Not at last byte yet
+                Contract::Assert((ch & (SupplimentarySeq | ThreeByteSeq)) != 0,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Invariant volation");
+
+                if ((ch & SupplimentarySeq) != 0) {
+                    // Its a 4-byte supplimentary sequence
+                    if ((ch & (FinalByte >> 6)) != 0) {
+                        // this is 3rd byte of 4 byte sequence - nothing to do
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // 2nd byte of 4 bytes
+                    // check for non-shortest form of surrogate and the valid surrogate
+                    // range 0x000000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                    if (!InRange(ch & 0x1F0, 0x10, 0x100)) {
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Must be 2nd byte of a 3-byte sequence
+                    // check for non-shortest form of 3 byte seq
+                    if ((ch & (0x1F << 5)) == 0 ||                  // non-shortest form
+                        (ch & (0xF800 >> 6)) == (0xD800 >> 6))     // illegal individually encoded surrogate
+                    {
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // ready to punch
+
+            // surrogate in shortest form?
+            // Might be possible to get rid of this?  Already did non-shortest check for 4-byte sequence when reading 2nd byte?
+            if ((ch & (SupplimentarySeq | 0x1F0000)) > SupplimentarySeq) {
+                // let the range check for the second char throw the exception
+                if (pTarget < pAllocatedBufferEnd) {
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)(((ch >> 10) & 0x7FF) +
+                        (SHORT)((CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START - (0x10000 >> 10))));
+                    pTarget++;
+
+                    ch = (ch & 0x3FF) +
+                        (int)(CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START);
+                }
+            }
+
+            goto EncodeChar;
+
+        InvalidByteSequence:
+            // this code fragment should be close to the gotos referencing it
+            // Have to do fallback for invalid bytes
+            if (fallback == nullptr)
+            {
+                fallback = decoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+                fallback->InternalInitialize(bytes, pAllocatedBufferEnd);
+            }
+            // This'll back us up the appropriate # of bytes if we didn't get anywhere
+            if (!FallbackInvalidByteSequence(pSrc, ch, fallback))
+            {
+                // Ran out of buffer space
+                // Need to throw an exception?
+                Contract::Assert(pSrc >= bytes || pTarget == chars,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected to throw or remain in byte buffer after fallback");
+                fallback->InternalReset();
+                ThrowCharsOverflow(pTarget == chars);
+                ch = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+            Contract::Assert(pSrc >= bytes,
+                "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected invalid byte sequence to have remained within the byte array");
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+
+        ReadChar:
+            ch = *pSrc;
+            pSrc++;
+
+        ProcessChar:
+            if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                // If its > 0x7F, its start of a new multi-byte sequence
+
+                // bit 6 has to be non-zero
+                if ((ch & 0x40) == 0) {
+                    goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                }
+
+                // start a new long code
+                if ((ch & 0x20) != 0) {
+                    if ((ch & 0x10) != 0) {
+                        // 4 byte encoding - supplimentary character (2 surrogates)
+
+                        ch &= 0x0F;
+
+                        // check that bit 4 is zero and the valid supplimentary character
+                        // range 0x000000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                        if (ch > 0x04) {
+                            ch |= 0xf0;
+                            goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                        }
+
+                        ch |= (FinalByte >> 3 * 6) | (1 << 30) | (3 << (30 - 2 * 6)) |
+                            (SupplimentarySeq) | (SupplimentarySeq >> 6) |
+                            (SupplimentarySeq >> 2 * 6) | (SupplimentarySeq >> 3 * 6);
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // 3 byte encoding
+                        ch = (ch & 0x0F) | ((FinalByte >> 2 * 6) | (1 << 30) |
+                            (ThreeByteSeq) | (ThreeByteSeq >> 6) | (ThreeByteSeq >> 2 * 6));
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // 2 byte encoding
+
+                    ch &= 0x1F;
+
+                    // check for non-shortest form
+                    if (ch <= 1) {
+                        ch |= 0xc0;
+                        goto InvalidByteSequence;
+                    }
+
+                    ch |= (FinalByte >> 6);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+        EncodeChar:
+            // write the pending character
+            if (pTarget >= pAllocatedBufferEnd)
+            {
+                // Fix chars so we make sure to throw if we didn't output anything
+                ch &= 0x1fffff;
+                if (ch > 0x7f)
+                {
+                    if (ch > 0x7ff)
+                    {
+                        if (ch >= CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START &&
+                            ch <= CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)
+                        {
+                            pSrc--;     // It was 4 bytes
+                            pTarget--;  // 1 was stored already, but we can't remember 1/2, so back up
+                        }
+                        else if (ch > 0xffff)
+                        {
+                            pSrc--;     // It was 4 bytes, nothing was stored
+                        }
+                        pSrc--;         // It was at least 3 bytes
+                    }
+                    pSrc--;             // It was at least 2 bytes
+                }
+                pSrc--;
+
+                // Throw that we don't have enough room (pSrc could be < chars if we had started to process
+                // a 4 byte sequence alredy)
+                Contract::Assert(pSrc >= bytes || pTarget == chars,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected pSrc to be within input buffer or throw due to no output]");
+                ThrowCharsOverflow(pTarget == chars);
+
+                // Don't store ch in decoder, we already backed up to its start
+                ch = 0;
+
+                // Didn't throw, just use this buffer size.
+                break;
+            }
+            *pTarget = (WCHAR)ch;
+            pTarget++;
+
+#ifdef FASTLOOP
+            int availableChars = PtrDiff(pAllocatedBufferEnd, pTarget);
+            int availableBytes = PtrDiff(pEnd, pSrc);
+
+            // don't fall into the fast decoding loop if we don't have enough bytes
+            // Test for availableChars is done because pStop would be <= pTarget.
+            if (availableBytes <= 13) {
+                // we may need as many as 1 character per byte
+                if (availableChars < availableBytes) {
+                    // not enough output room.  no pending bits at this point
+                    ch = 0;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // try to get over the remainder of the ascii characters fast though
+                BYTE* pLocalEnd = pEnd; // hint to get pLocalEnd enregistered
+                while (pSrc < pLocalEnd) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+
+                    if (ch > 0x7F)
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+
+                    *pTarget = (char)ch;
+                    pTarget++;
+                }
+                // we are done
+                ch = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // we may need as many as 1 character per byte, so reduce the byte count if necessary.
+            // If availableChars is too small, pStop will be before pTarget and we won't do fast loop.
+            if (availableChars < availableBytes) {
+                availableBytes = availableChars;
+            }
+
+            // To compute the upper bound, assume that all characters are ASCII characters at this point,
+            //  the boundary will be decreased for every non-ASCII character we encounter
+            // Also, we need 7 chars reserve for the unrolled ansi decoding loop and for decoding of multibyte sequences
+            WCHAR *pStop = pTarget + availableBytes - 7;
+
+            while (pTarget < pStop) {
+                ch = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                    goto LongCode;
+                }
+                *pTarget = (WCHAR)ch;
+                pTarget++;
+
+                // get pSrc to be 2-byte aligned
+                if ((((int)pSrc) & 0x1) != 0) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+                    if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                        goto LongCode;
+                    }
+                    *pTarget = (char)ch;
+                    pTarget++;
+                }
+
+                // get pSrc to be 4-byte aligned
+                if ((((int)pSrc) & 0x2) != 0) {
+                    ch = *(USHORT*)pSrc;
+                    if ((ch & 0x8080) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask16;
+                    }
+
+                    // Unfortunately, this is endianess sensitive
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)((ch >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    pSrc += 2;
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (WCHAR)(ch & 0x7F);
+                    pTarget += 2;
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)(ch & 0x7F);
+                    pSrc += 2;
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    pTarget += 2;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                }
+
+                // Run 8 characters at a time!
+                while (pTarget < pStop) {
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    int chb = *(int*)(pSrc + 4);
+                    if (((ch | chb) & (int)0x80808080) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask32;
+                    }
+
+                    // Unfortunately, this is endianess sensitive
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)((ch >> 24) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 16) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 2) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 3) = (WCHAR)(ch & 0x7F);
+                    pSrc += 8;
+                    *(pTarget + 4) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 24) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 5) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 16) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 6) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 7) = (WCHAR)(chb & 0x7F);
+                    pTarget += 8;
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)(ch & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 2) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 16) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 3) = (WCHAR)((ch >> 24) & 0x7F);
+                    pSrc += 8;
+                    *(pTarget + 4) = (WCHAR)(chb & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 5) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 8) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 6) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 16) & 0x7F);
+                    *(pTarget + 7) = (WCHAR)((chb >> 24) & 0x7F);
+                    pTarget += 8;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                }
+                break;
+
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                LongCodeWithMask32 :
+                    // be careful about the sign extension
+                    ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 16);
+                LongCodeWithMask16:
+                    ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 8);
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+            LongCodeWithMask32:
+            LongCodeWithMask16:
+                ch &= 0xFF;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                pSrc++;
+                if (ch <= 0x7F) {
+                    *pTarget = (WCHAR)ch;
+                    pTarget++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+            LongCode:
+                int chc = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (
+                    // bit 6 has to be zero
+                    (ch & 0x40) == 0 ||
+                    // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                    (chc & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                {
+                    goto BadLongCode;
+                }
+
+                chc &= 0x3F;
+
+                // start a new long code
+                if ((ch & 0x20) != 0) {
+
+                    // fold the first two bytes together
+                    chc |= (ch & 0x0F) << 6;
+
+                    if ((ch & 0x10) != 0) {
+                        // 4 byte encoding - surrogate
+                        ch = *pSrc;
+                        if (
+                            // check that bit 4 is zero, the non-shortest form of surrogate
+                            // and the valid surrogate range 0x000000 - 0x10FFFF at the same time
+                            !InRange(chc >> 4, 0x01, 0x10) ||
+                            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                            (ch & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+
+                        chc = (chc << 6) | (ch & 0x3F);
+
+                        ch = *(pSrc + 1);
+                        // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                        if ((ch & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+                        pSrc += 2;
+
+                        ch = (chc << 6) | (ch & 0x3F);
+
+                        *pTarget = (char)(((ch >> 10) & 0x7FF) +
+                            (SHORT)(CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START - (0x10000 >> 10)));
+                        pTarget++;
+
+                        ch = (ch & 0x3FF) +
+                            (SHORT)(CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START);
+
+                        // extra byte, we're already planning 2 chars for 2 of these bytes,
+                        // but the big loop is testing the target against pStop, so we need
+                        // to subtract 2 more or we risk overrunning the input.  Subtract 
+                        // one here and one below.
+                        pStop--;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        // 3 byte encoding
+                        ch = *pSrc;
+                        if (
+                            // check for non-shortest form of 3 byte seq
+                            (chc & (0x1F << 5)) == 0 ||
+                            // Can't have surrogates here.
+                            (chc & (0xF800 >> 6)) == (0xD800 >> 6) ||
+                            // we are expecting to see trailing bytes like 10vvvvvv
+                            (ch & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                        {
+                            goto BadLongCode;
+                        }
+                        pSrc++;
+
+                        ch = (chc << 6) | (ch & 0x3F);
+
+                        // extra byte, we're only expecting 1 char for each of these 3 bytes,
+                        // but the loop is testing the target (not source) against pStop, so
+                        // we need to subtract 2 more or we risk overrunning the input.
+                        // Subtract 1 here and one more below
+                        pStop--;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // 2 byte encoding
+
+                    ch &= 0x1F;
+
+                    // check for non-shortest form
+                    if (ch <= 1) {
+                        goto BadLongCode;
+                    }
+                    ch = (ch << 6) | chc;
+                }
+
+                *pTarget = (WCHAR)ch;
+                pTarget++;
+
+                // extra byte, we're only expecting 1 char for each of these 2 bytes,
+                // but the loop is testing the target (not source) against pStop.
+                // subtract an extra count from pStop so that we don't overrun the input.
+                pStop--;
+            }
+#endif // FASTLOOP
+
+            Contract::Assert(pTarget <= pAllocatedBufferEnd, "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]pTarget <= pAllocatedBufferEnd");
+
+            // no pending bits at this point
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+
+        BadLongCode:
+            pSrc -= 2;
+            ch = 0;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (ch != 0)
+        {
+            // Have to do fallback for invalid bytes
+            if (fallback == nullptr)
+            {
+                fallback = decoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+                fallback->InternalInitialize(bytes, pAllocatedBufferEnd);
+            }
+
+            // This'll back us up the appropriate # of bytes if we didn't get anywhere
+            if (!FallbackInvalidByteSequence(pSrc, ch, fallback))
+            {
+                Contract::Assert(pSrc >= bytes || pTarget == chars,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected to throw or remain in byte buffer while flushing");
+
+                // Ran out of buffer space
+                // Need to throw an exception?
+                fallback->InternalReset();
+                ThrowCharsOverflow(pTarget == chars);
+            }
+            Contract::Assert(pSrc >= bytes,
+                "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected flushing invalid byte sequence to have remained within the byte array");
+            ch = 0;
+        }
+
+        // Shouldn't have anything in fallback buffer for GetChars
+        // (don't have to check m_throwOnOverflow for chars)
+        Contract::Assert(fallback == nullptr || fallback->GetRemaining() == 0,
+            "[UTF8Encoding.GetChars]Expected empty fallback buffer at end");
+
+        return PtrDiff(pTarget, chars);
+    }
+
+    int GetBytes(WCHAR* chars, int charCount, BYTE* bytes, int byteCount)
+    {
+        Contract::Assert(chars != nullptr, "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]chars!=nullptr");
+        Contract::Assert(byteCount >= 0, "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]byteCount >=0");
+        Contract::Assert(charCount >= 0, "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]charCount >=0");
+        Contract::Assert(bytes != nullptr, "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]bytes!=nullptr");
+
+        // For fallback we may need a fallback buffer.
+        // We wait to initialize it though in case we don't have any broken input unicode
+        EncoderFallbackBuffer* fallbackBuffer = nullptr;
+        WCHAR *pSrc = chars;
+        BYTE *pTarget = bytes;
+
+        WCHAR *pEnd = pSrc + charCount;
+        BYTE *pAllocatedBufferEnd = pTarget + byteCount;
+
+        int ch = 0;
+
+        // assume that JIT will enregister pSrc, pTarget and ch
+
+        for (;;) {
+            // SLOWLOOP: does all range checks, handles all special cases, but it is slow
+
+            if (pSrc >= pEnd) {
+
+                if (ch == 0) {
+                    // Check if there's anything left to get out of the fallback buffer
+                    ch = fallbackBuffer != nullptr ? fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar() : 0;
+                    if (ch > 0) {
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Case of leftover surrogates in the fallback buffer
+                    if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr && fallbackBuffer->bFallingBack) {
+                        Contract::Assert(ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDBFF,
+                            "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]expected high surrogate"); //, not 0x" + ((int)ch).ToString("X4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+
+                        int cha = ch;
+
+                        ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar();
+
+                        if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                            ch = ch + (cha << 10) + (0x10000 - CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START - (CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START << 10));
+                            goto EncodeChar;
+                        }
+                        else if (ch > 0){
+                            goto ProcessChar;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // attempt to encode the partial surrogate (will fail or ignore)
+                if (ch > 0)
+                    goto EncodeChar;
+
+                // We're done
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (ch > 0) {
+                // We have a high surrogate left over from a previous loop.
+                Contract::Assert(ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDBFF,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]expected high surrogate");//, not 0x" + ((int)ch).ToString("X4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+
+                // use separate helper variables for local contexts so that the jit optimizations
+                // won't get confused about the variable lifetimes
+                int cha = *pSrc;
+
+                // In previous byte, we encountered a high surrogate, so we are expecting a low surrogate here.
+                // if (IsLowSurrogate(cha)) {
+                if (InRange(cha, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                    ch = cha + (ch << 10) +
+                        (0x10000
+                        - CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START
+                        - (CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START << 10));
+
+                    pSrc++;
+                }
+                // else ch is still high surrogate and encoding will fail
+
+                // attempt to encode the surrogate or partial surrogate
+                goto EncodeChar;
+            }
+
+            // If we've used a fallback, then we have to check for it
+            if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr)
+            {
+                ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar();
+                if (ch > 0) goto ProcessChar;
+            }
+
+            // read next char. The JIT optimization seems to be getting confused when
+            // compiling "ch = *pSrc++;", so rather use "ch = *pSrc; pSrc++;" instead
+            ch = *pSrc;
+            pSrc++;
+
+        ProcessChar:
+            if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            // either good char or partial surrogate
+
+        EncodeChar:
+            // throw exception on partial surrogate if necessary
+            if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END))
+            {
+                // Lone surrogates aren't allowed, we have to do fallback for them
+                // Have to make a fallback buffer if we don't have one
+                if (fallbackBuffer == nullptr)
+                {
+                    // wait on fallbacks if we can
+                    // For fallback we may need a fallback buffer
+                    fallbackBuffer = encoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+
+                    // Set our internal fallback interesting things.
+                    fallbackBuffer->InternalInitialize(chars, pEnd, true);
+                }
+
+                // Do our fallback.  Actually we already know its a mixed up surrogate,
+                // so the ref pSrc isn't gonna do anything.
+                fallbackBuffer->InternalFallback((WCHAR)ch, &pSrc);
+
+                // Ignore it if we don't throw
+                ch = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Count bytes needed
+            int bytesNeeded = 1;
+            if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                if (ch > 0x7FF) {
+                    if (ch > 0xFFFF) {
+                        bytesNeeded++;  // 4 bytes (surrogate pair)
+                    }
+                    bytesNeeded++;      // 3 bytes (800-FFFF)
+                }
+                bytesNeeded++;          // 2 bytes (80-7FF)
+            }
+
+            if (pTarget > pAllocatedBufferEnd - bytesNeeded) {
+                // Left over surrogate from last time will cause pSrc == chars, so we'll throw
+                if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr && fallbackBuffer->bFallingBack)
+                {
+                    fallbackBuffer->MovePrevious();              // Didn't use this fallback char
+                    if (ch > 0xFFFF)
+                        fallbackBuffer->MovePrevious();          // Was surrogate, didn't use 2nd part either
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    pSrc--;                                     // Didn't use this char
+                    if (ch > 0xFFFF)
+                        pSrc--;                                 // Was surrogate, didn't use 2nd part either
+                }
+                Contract::Assert(pSrc >= chars || pTarget == bytes,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]Expected pSrc to be within buffer or to throw with insufficient room.");
+                ThrowBytesOverflow(pTarget == bytes);  // Throw if we must
+                ch = 0;                                         // Nothing left over (we backed up to start of pair if supplimentary)
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (ch <= 0x7F) {
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+            }
+            else {
+                // use separate helper variables for local contexts so that the jit optimizations
+                // won't get confused about the variable lifetimes
+                int chb;
+                if (ch <= 0x7FF) {
+                    // 2 BYTE encoding
+                    chb = (BYTE)(0xC0 | (ch >> 6));
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (ch <= 0xFFFF) {
+                        chb = (BYTE)(0xE0 | (ch >> 12));
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        *pTarget = (BYTE)(0xF0 | (ch >> 18));
+                        pTarget++;
+
+                        chb = 0x80 | ((ch >> 12) & 0x3F);
+                    }
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)chb;
+                    pTarget++;
+
+                    chb = 0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F);
+                }
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)chb;
+                pTarget++;
+
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)0x80 | (ch & 0x3F);
+            }
+            pTarget++;
+
+
+#ifdef FASTLOOP
+            // If still have fallback don't do fast loop
+            if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr && (ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar()) != 0)
+                goto ProcessChar;
+
+            int availableChars = PtrDiff(pEnd, pSrc);
+            int availableBytes = PtrDiff(pAllocatedBufferEnd, pTarget);
+
+            // don't fall into the fast decoding loop if we don't have enough characters
+            // Note that if we don't have enough bytes, pStop will prevent us from entering the fast loop.
+            if (availableChars <= 13) {
+                // we are hoping for 1 BYTE per char
+                if (availableBytes < availableChars) {
+                    // not enough output room.  no pending bits at this point
+                    ch = 0;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // try to get over the remainder of the ascii characters fast though
+                WCHAR* pLocalEnd = pEnd; // hint to get pLocalEnd enregistered
+                while (pSrc < pLocalEnd) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+
+                    // Not ASCII, need more than 1 BYTE per char
+                    if (ch > 0x7F)
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+                    pTarget++;
+                }
+                // we are done, let ch be 0 to clear encoder
+                ch = 0;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // we need at least 1 BYTE per character, but Convert might allow us to convert
+            // only part of the input, so try as much as we can.  Reduce charCount if necessary
+            if (availableBytes < availableChars)
+            {
+                availableChars = availableBytes;
+            }
+
+            // FASTLOOP:
+            // - optimistic range checks
+            // - fallbacks to the slow loop for all special cases, exception throwing, etc.
+
+            // To compute the upper bound, assume that all characters are ASCII characters at this point,
+            //  the boundary will be decreased for every non-ASCII character we encounter
+            // Also, we need 5 chars reserve for the unrolled ansi decoding loop and for decoding of surrogates
+            // If there aren't enough bytes for the output, then pStop will be <= pSrc and will bypass the loop.
+            WCHAR *pStop = pSrc + availableChars - 5;
+
+            while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                ch = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                    goto LongCode;
+                }
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+                pTarget++;
+
+                // get pSrc aligned
+                if (((size_t)pSrc & 0x2) != 0) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+                    if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                        goto LongCode;
+                    }
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+                    pTarget++;
+                }
+
+                // Run 4 characters at a time!
+                while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    int chc = *(int*)(pSrc + 2);
+                    if (((ch | chc) & (int)0xFF80FF80) != 0) {
+                        goto LongCodeWithMask;
+                    }
+
+                    // Unfortunately, this is endianess sensitive
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)(ch >> 16);
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (BYTE)ch;
+                    pSrc += 4;
+                    *(pTarget + 2) = (BYTE)(chc >> 16);
+                    *(pTarget + 3) = (BYTE)chc;
+                    pTarget += 4;
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+                    *(pTarget + 1) = (BYTE)(ch >> 16);
+                    pSrc += 4;
+                    *(pTarget + 2) = (BYTE)chc;
+                    *(pTarget + 3) = (BYTE)(chc >> 16);
+                    pTarget += 4;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                }
+                continue;
+
+            LongCodeWithMask:
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                // be careful about the sign extension
+                ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 16);
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+                ch = (WCHAR)ch;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                    goto LongCode;
+                }
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)ch;
+                pTarget++;
+                continue;
+
+            LongCode:
+                // use separate helper variables for slow and fast loop so that the jit optimizations
+                // won't get confused about the variable lifetimes
+                int chd;
+                if (ch <= 0x7FF) {
+                    // 2 BYTE encoding
+                    chd = 0xC0 | (ch >> 6);
+                }
+                else {
+                    if (!InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                        // 3 BYTE encoding
+                        chd = 0xE0 | (ch >> 12);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // 4 BYTE encoding - high surrogate + low surrogate
+                        if (ch > CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_END) {
+                            // low without high -> bad, try again in slow loop
+                            pSrc -= 1;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        chd = *pSrc;
+                        pSrc++;
+
+                        // if (!IsLowSurrogate(chd)) {
+                        if (!InRange(chd, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                            // high not followed by low -> bad, try again in slow loop
+                            pSrc -= 2;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        ch = chd + (ch << 10) +
+                            (0x10000
+                            - CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START
+                            - (CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START << 10));
+
+                        *pTarget = (BYTE)(0xF0 | (ch >> 18));
+                        // pStop - this BYTE is compensated by the second surrogate character
+                        // 2 input chars require 4 output bytes.  2 have been anticipated already
+                        // and 2 more will be accounted for by the 2 pStop-- calls below.
+                        pTarget++;
+
+                        chd = 0x80 | ((ch >> 12) & 0x3F);
+                    }
+                    *pTarget = (BYTE)chd;
+                    pStop--;                    // 3 BYTE sequence for 1 char, so need pStop-- and the one below too.
+                    pTarget++;
+
+                    chd = 0x80 | ((ch >> 6) & 0x3F);
+                }
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)chd;
+                pStop--;                        // 2 BYTE sequence for 1 char so need pStop--.
+                pTarget++;
+
+                *pTarget = (BYTE)(0x80 | (ch & 0x3F));
+                // pStop - this BYTE is already included
+                pTarget++;
+            }
+
+            Contract::Assert(pTarget <= pAllocatedBufferEnd, "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]pTarget <= pAllocatedBufferEnd");
+
+#endif // FASTLOOP
+
+            // no pending char at this point
+            ch = 0;
+        }
+
+        return (int)(pTarget - bytes);
+    }
+
+    int GetByteCount(WCHAR *chars, int count)
+    {
+        // For fallback we may need a fallback buffer.
+        // We wait to initialize it though in case we don't have any broken input unicode
+        EncoderFallbackBuffer* fallbackBuffer = nullptr;
+        WCHAR *pSrc = chars;
+        WCHAR *pEnd = pSrc + count;
+
+        // Start by assuming we have as many as count
+        int byteCount = count;
+
+        int ch = 0;
+
+        for (;;) {
+            // SLOWLOOP: does all range checks, handles all special cases, but it is slow
+            if (pSrc >= pEnd) {
+
+                if (ch == 0) {
+                    // Unroll any fallback that happens at the end
+                    ch = fallbackBuffer != nullptr ? fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar() : 0;
+                    if (ch > 0) {
+                        byteCount++;
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    // Case of surrogates in the fallback.
+                    if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr && fallbackBuffer->bFallingBack) {
+                        Contract::Assert(ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDBFF,
+                            "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]expected high surrogate");// , not 0x" + ((int)ch).ToString("X4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+
+                        ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar();
+                        byteCount++;
+
+                        if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                            ch = 0xfffd;
+                            byteCount++;
+                            goto EncodeChar;
+                        }
+                        else if (ch > 0){
+                            goto ProcessChar;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            byteCount--; // ignore last one.
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (ch <= 0) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // attempt to encode the partial surrogate (will fallback or ignore it), it'll also subtract 1.
+                byteCount++;
+                goto EncodeChar;
+            }
+
+            if (ch > 0) {
+                Contract::Assert(ch >= 0xD800 && ch <= 0xDBFF,
+                    "[UTF8Encoding.GetBytes]expected high surrogate"); // , not 0x" + ((int)ch).ToString("X4", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture));
+
+                // use separate helper variables for local contexts so that the jit optimizations
+                // won't get confused about the variable lifetimes
+                int cha = *pSrc;
+
+                // count the pending surrogate
+                byteCount++;
+
+                // In previous byte, we encountered a high surrogate, so we are expecting a low surrogate here.
+                // if (IsLowSurrogate(cha)) {
+                if (InRange(cha, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                    // Don't need a real # because we're just counting, anything > 0x7ff ('cept surrogate) will do.
+                    ch = 0xfffd;
+                    //                        ch = cha + (ch << 10) +
+                    //                            (0x10000
+                    //                            - CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START
+                    //                            - (CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START << 10) );
+
+                    // Use this next char
+                    pSrc++;
+                }
+                // else ch is still high surrogate and encoding will fail (so don't add count)
+
+                // attempt to encode the surrogate or partial surrogate
+                goto EncodeChar;
+            }
+
+            // If we've used a fallback, then we have to check for it
+            if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr)
+            {
+                ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar();
+                if (ch > 0)
+                {
+                    // We have an extra byte we weren't expecting.
+                    byteCount++;
+                    goto ProcessChar;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // read next char. The JIT optimization seems to be getting confused when
+            // compiling "ch = *pSrc++;", so rather use "ch = *pSrc; pSrc++;" instead
+            ch = *pSrc;
+            pSrc++;
+
+        ProcessChar:
+            if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                // we will count this surrogate next time around
+                byteCount--;
+                continue;
+            }
+            // either good char or partial surrogate
+
+        EncodeChar:
+            // throw exception on partial surrogate if necessary
+            if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END))
+            {
+                // Lone surrogates aren't allowed
+                // Have to make a fallback buffer if we don't have one
+                if (fallbackBuffer == nullptr)
+                {
+                    // wait on fallbacks if we can
+                    // For fallback we may need a fallback buffer
+                    fallbackBuffer = encoderFallback->CreateFallbackBuffer();
+
+                    // Set our internal fallback interesting things.
+                    fallbackBuffer->InternalInitialize(chars, chars + count, false);
+                }
+
+                // Do our fallback.  Actually we already know its a mixed up surrogate,
+                // so the ref pSrc isn't gonna do anything.
+                fallbackBuffer->InternalFallback((WCHAR)ch, &pSrc);
+
+                // Ignore it if we don't throw (we had preallocated this ch)
+                byteCount--;
+                ch = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Count them
+            if (ch > 0x7F) {
+                if (ch > 0x7FF) {
+                    // the extra surrogate byte was compensated by the second surrogate character
+                    // (2 surrogates make 4 bytes.  We've already counted 2 bytes, 1 per char)
+                    byteCount++;
+                }
+                byteCount++;
+            }
+
+#if WIN64
+            // check for overflow
+            if (byteCount < 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FASTLOOP
+            // If still have fallback don't do fast loop
+            if (fallbackBuffer != nullptr && (ch = fallbackBuffer->InternalGetNextChar()) != 0)
+            {
+                // We're reserving 1 byte for each char by default
+                byteCount++;
+                goto ProcessChar;
+            }
+
+            int availableChars = PtrDiff(pEnd, pSrc);
+
+            // don't fall into the fast decoding loop if we don't have enough characters
+            if (availableChars <= 13) {
+                // try to get over the remainder of the ascii characters fast though
+                WCHAR* pLocalEnd = pEnd; // hint to get pLocalEnd enregistered
+                while (pSrc < pLocalEnd) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+                    if (ch > 0x7F)
+                        goto ProcessChar;
+                }
+
+                // we are done
+                break;
+            }
+
+#if WIN64
+            // make sure that we won't get a silent overflow inside the fast loop
+            // (Fall out to slow loop if we have this many characters)
+            availableChars &= 0x0FFFFFFF;
+#endif
+
+            // To compute the upper bound, assume that all characters are ASCII characters at this point,
+            //  the boundary will be decreased for every non-ASCII character we encounter
+            // Also, we need 3 + 4 chars reserve for the unrolled ansi decoding loop and for decoding of surrogates
+            WCHAR *pStop = pSrc + availableChars - (3 + 4);
+
+            while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                ch = *pSrc;
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch > 0x7F)                                                  // Not ASCII
+                {
+                    if (ch > 0x7FF)                                             // Not 2 Byte
+                    {
+                        if ((ch & 0xF800) == 0xD800)                            // See if its a Surrogate
+                            goto LongCode;
+                        byteCount++;
+                    }
+                    byteCount++;
+                }
+
+                // get pSrc aligned
+                if (((int)pSrc & 0x2) != 0) {
+                    ch = *pSrc;
+                    pSrc++;
+                    if (ch > 0x7F)                                              // Not ASCII
+                    {
+                        if (ch > 0x7FF)                                         // Not 2 Byte
+                        {
+                            if ((ch & 0xF800) == 0xD800)                        // See if its a Surrogate
+                                goto LongCode;
+                            byteCount++;
+                        }
+                        byteCount++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Run 2 * 4 characters at a time!
+                while (pSrc < pStop) {
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    int chc = *(int*)(pSrc + 2);
+                    if (((ch | chc) & (int)0xFF80FF80) != 0)         // See if not ASCII
+                    {
+                        if (((ch | chc) & (int)0xF800F800) != 0)     // See if not 2 Byte
+                        {
+                            goto LongCodeWithMask;
+                        }
+
+
+                        if ((ch & (int)0xFF800000) != 0)             // Actually 0x07800780 is all we care about (4 bits)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((ch & (int)0xFF80) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((chc & (int)0xFF800000) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((chc & (int)0xFF80) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                    }
+                    pSrc += 4;
+
+                    ch = *(int*)pSrc;
+                    chc = *(int*)(pSrc + 2);
+                    if (((ch | chc) & (int)0xFF80FF80) != 0)         // See if not ASCII
+                    {
+                        if (((ch | chc) & (int)0xF800F800) != 0)     // See if not 2 Byte
+                        {
+                            goto LongCodeWithMask;
+                        }
+
+                        if ((ch & (int)0xFF800000) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((ch & (int)0xFF80) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((chc & (int)0xFF800000) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                        if ((chc & (int)0xFF80) != 0)
+                            byteCount++;
+                    }
+                    pSrc += 4;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            LongCodeWithMask:
+#if BIGENDIAN
+                // be careful about the sign extension
+                ch = (int)(((uint)ch) >> 16);
+#else // BIGENDIAN
+                ch = (WCHAR)ch;
+#endif // BIGENDIAN
+                pSrc++;
+
+                if (ch <= 0x7F) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+            LongCode:
+                // use separate helper variables for slow and fast loop so that the jit optimizations
+                // won't get confused about the variable lifetimes
+                if (ch > 0x7FF) {
+                    if (InRange(ch, CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END)) {
+                        // 4 byte encoding - high surrogate + low surrogate
+
+                        int chd = *pSrc;
+                        if (
+                            ch > CharUnicodeInfo::HIGH_SURROGATE_END ||
+                            !InRange(chd, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_START, CharUnicodeInfo::LOW_SURROGATE_END))
+                        {
+                            // Back up and drop out to slow loop to figure out error
+                            pSrc--;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        pSrc++;
+
+                        // byteCount - this byte is compensated by the second surrogate character
+                    }
+                    byteCount++;
+                }
+                byteCount++;
+
+                // byteCount - the last byte is already included
+            }
+#endif // FASTLOOP
+
+            // no pending char at this point
+            ch = 0;
+        }
+
+#if WIN64
+        // check for overflow
+        if (byteCount < 0) {
+            throw ArgumentException("Conversion buffer overflow.");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        Contract::Assert(fallbackBuffer == nullptr || fallbackBuffer->GetRemaining() == 0,
+            "[UTF8Encoding.GetByteCount]Expected Empty fallback buffer");
+
+        return byteCount;
+    }
+
+};
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  UTF8ToUnicode
+//
+//  Maps a UTF-8 character string to its wide character string counterpart.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+int UTF8ToUnicode(
+    LPCSTR lpSrcStr,
+    int cchSrc,
+    LPWSTR lpDestStr,
+    int cchDest,
+    DWORD dwFlags
+    )
+{
+    int ret;
+    UTF8Encoding enc(dwFlags & MB_ERR_INVALID_CHARS);
+    try {
+        ret = enc.GetCharCount((BYTE*)lpSrcStr, cchSrc);
+        if (cchDest){
+            if (ret > cchDest){
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                ret = 0;
+            }
+            enc.GetChars((BYTE*)lpSrcStr, cchSrc, (WCHAR*)lpDestStr, ret);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const InsufficientBufferException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    catch (const DecoderFallbackException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    catch (const ArgumentException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  UnicodeToUTF8
+//
+//  Maps a Unicode character string to its UTF-8 string counterpart.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+int UnicodeToUTF8(
+    LPCWSTR lpSrcStr,
+    int cchSrc,
+    LPSTR lpDestStr,
+    int cchDest)
+{
+    int ret;
+    UTF8Encoding enc(false);
+    try{
+        ret = enc.GetByteCount((WCHAR*)lpSrcStr, cchSrc);
+        if (cchDest){
+            if (ret > cchDest){
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                ret = 0;
+            }
+            enc.GetBytes((WCHAR*)lpSrcStr, cchSrc, (BYTE*)lpDestStr, ret);
+        }
+    }
+    catch (const InsufficientBufferException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    catch (const EncoderFallbackException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    catch (const ArgumentException& e){
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/map/common.cpp b/src/pal/src/map/common.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a030c3b384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/map/common.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    common.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the common mapping functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(VIRTUAL);
+
+/*****
+ *
+ * W32toUnixAccessControl( DWORD ) - Maps Win32 to Unix memory access controls .
+ *
+ */
+INT W32toUnixAccessControl( IN DWORD flProtect )
+{
+    INT MemAccessControl = 0;
+
+    switch ( flProtect & 0xff )
+    {
+    case PAGE_READONLY :
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_READ;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_READWRITE :
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE:
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_EXEC | PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE :
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_EXEC;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE_READ :
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_EXEC | PROT_READ;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_NOACCESS :
+        MemAccessControl = PROT_NONE;
+        break;
+    
+    default:
+        MemAccessControl = 0;
+        ERROR( "Incorrect or no protection flags specified.\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+    return MemAccessControl;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/map/common.h b/src/pal/src/map/common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..68d8fc6ae2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/map/common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    include/pal/common.h
+
+Abstract:
+    Header file for common helper functions in the map module.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef __COMMON_H_
+#define __COMMON_H_
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C"
+{
+#endif
+
+/*****
+ *
+ * W32toUnixAccessControl( DWORD ) - Maps Win32 to Unix memory access controls .
+ *
+ */
+INT W32toUnixAccessControl( IN DWORD flProtect );
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* __COMMON_H_ */
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/map/map.cpp b/src/pal/src/map/map.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f3ec47b846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/map/map.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2749 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    map.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of file mapping API.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "pal/map.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#include "rt/ntimage.h"
+#include <pal_endian.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(VIRTUAL);
+
+//
+// The mapping critical section guards access to the list
+// of currently mapped views. If a thread needs to access
+// both this critical section and the data for an object
+// it must acquire the object data first. That is, a thread
+// cannot acquire any other locks after taking hold of
+// this critical section.
+//
+
+CRITICAL_SECTION mapping_critsec;
+LIST_ENTRY MappedViewList;
+
+#ifndef CORECLR
+static PAL_ERROR MAPCreateTempFile(CPalThread *, PINT, PSZ);
+#endif // !CORECLR
+static PAL_ERROR MAPGrowLocalFile(INT, UINT);
+static PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST MAPGetViewForAddress( LPCVOID );
+static PAL_ERROR MAPDesiredAccessAllowed( DWORD, DWORD, DWORD );
+
+static INT MAPProtectionToFileOpenFlags( DWORD );
+static BOOL MAPIsRequestPermissible( DWORD, CFileProcessLocalData * );
+static BOOL MAPContainsInvalidFlags( DWORD );
+static DWORD MAPConvertProtectToAccess( DWORD );
+static INT MAPFileMapToMmapFlags( DWORD );
+static DWORD MAPMmapProtToAccessFlags( int prot );
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+static NativeMapHolder * NewNativeMapHolder(CPalThread *pThread, LPVOID address, SIZE_T size, 
+                                     SIZE_T offset, long init_ref_count);
+static LONG NativeMapHolderAddRef(NativeMapHolder * thisPMH);
+static LONG NativeMapHolderRelease(CPalThread *pThread, NativeMapHolder * thisPMH);
+static PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST FindSharedMappingReplacement(CPalThread *pThread, dev_t deviceNum, ino_t inodeNum,
+                                                      SIZE_T size, SIZE_T offset);
+#endif
+
+static PAL_ERROR
+MAPRecordMapping(
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject,
+    void *pPEBaseAddress,
+    void *addr,
+    size_t len,
+    int prot
+    );
+
+static PAL_ERROR
+MAPmmapAndRecord(
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject,
+    void *pPEBaseAddress,
+    void *addr,
+    size_t len,
+    int prot,
+    int flags,
+    int fd,
+    off_t offset,
+    LPVOID *ppvBaseAddress
+    );
+
+#if !HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+/* We need MAP_ANON. However on some platforms like HP-UX, it is defined as MAP_ANONYMOUS */
+#if !defined(MAP_ANON) && defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
+#define MAP_ANON MAP_ANONYMOUS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+void
+FileMappingCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    );
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FileMappingInitializationRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    CObjectType *pObjectType,
+    void *pImmutableData,
+    void *pSharedData,
+    void *pProcessLocalData
+    );
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otFileMapping(
+                otiFileMapping,
+                FileMappingCleanupRoutine,
+                FileMappingInitializationRoutine,
+                sizeof(CFileMappingImmutableData),
+                sizeof(CFileMappingProcessLocalData),
+                0,
+                PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_READONLY | PAGE_WRITECOPY,
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::UnwaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::SignalingNotApplicable,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseNotApplicable,
+                CObjectType::OwnershipNotApplicable
+                );
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotFileMapping(otiFileMapping);
+
+void
+FileMappingCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CFileMappingImmutableData *pImmutableData = NULL;
+    CFileMappingProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    bool fDataChanged = FALSE;
+
+    if (TRUE == fCleanupSharedState)
+    {
+        //
+        // If we created a temporary file to back this mapping we need
+        // to unlink it now
+        //
+        
+        palError = pObjectToCleanup->GetImmutableData(
+            reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pImmutableData)
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to obtain immutable data for object to be reclaimed");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (pImmutableData->bPALCreatedTempFile)
+        {
+            unlink(pImmutableData->szFileName);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (FALSE == fShutdown)
+    {
+        //
+        // We only need to close the object's descriptor if we're not
+        // shutting down
+        //
+        
+        palError = pObjectToCleanup->GetProcessLocalData(
+            pThread,
+            WriteLock,
+            &pLocalDataLock,
+            reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to obtain process local data for object to be reclaimed");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (-1 != pLocalData->UnixFd)
+        {
+            close(pLocalData->UnixFd);
+            pLocalData->UnixFd = -1;
+            fDataChanged = TRUE;
+        }
+
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, fDataChanged);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Why don't we need to deal with any views that may have been created
+    // from this mapping? If the process is shutting down then there's nothing
+    // that we need to take care of, as the OS will remove the underlying
+    // mappings when the process goes away. If we're not shutting down then
+    // there's no way for a view to exist against this mapping, since each
+    // view holds a reference against the mapping object.
+    //
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+FileMappingInitializationRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    CObjectType *pObjectType,
+    void *pvImmutableData,
+    void *pvSharedData,
+    void *pvProcessLocalData
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    CFileMappingImmutableData *pImmutableData =
+        reinterpret_cast<CFileMappingImmutableData *>(pvImmutableData);
+    CFileMappingProcessLocalData *pProcessLocalData =
+        reinterpret_cast<CFileMappingProcessLocalData *>(pvProcessLocalData);
+
+    pProcessLocalData->UnixFd = InternalOpen(
+        pImmutableData->szFileName,
+        MAPProtectionToFileOpenFlags(pImmutableData->flProtect)
+        );
+
+    if (-1 == pProcessLocalData->UnixFd)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto ExitFileMappingInitializationRoutine;
+    }
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    struct stat st;
+
+    if (0 == fstat(pProcessLocalData->UnixFd, &st))
+    {
+        pProcessLocalData->MappedFileDevNum = st.st_dev;
+        pProcessLocalData->MappedFileInodeNum = st.st_ino;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("Couldn't get inode info for fd=%d to be stored in mapping object\n", pProcessLocalData->UnixFd);
+    }
+#endif
+
+ExitFileMappingInitializationRoutine:    
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateFileMappingA
+
+Note:
+  File mapping are used to do inter-process communication.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateFileMappingA(
+                   IN HANDLE hFile,
+                   IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpFileMappingAttributes,
+                   IN DWORD flProtect,
+                   IN DWORD dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+                   IN DWORD dwMaximumSizeLow,
+                   IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hFileMapping = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateFileMappingA);
+    ENTRY("CreateFileMappingA(hFile=%p, lpAttributes=%p, flProtect=%#x, "
+          "dwMaxSizeH=%d, dwMaxSizeL=%d, lpName=%p (%s))\n",
+          hFile, lpFileMappingAttributes, flProtect, 
+          dwMaximumSizeHigh, dwMaximumSizeLow,
+          lpName?lpName:"NULL",
+          lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = InternalCreateFileMapping(
+            pThread,
+            hFile,
+            lpFileMappingAttributes,
+            flProtect,
+            dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+            dwMaximumSizeLow,
+            NULL,
+            &hFileMapping
+            );
+    }
+
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "CreateFileMappingA returns HANDLE %p. \n", hFileMapping );
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateFileMappingA);
+    return hFileMapping;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateFileMappingW
+
+Note:
+  File mapping are used to do inter-process communication.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateFileMappingW(
+               IN HANDLE hFile,
+               IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpFileMappingAttributes,
+               IN DWORD flProtect,
+               IN DWORD dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+               IN DWORD dwMaximumSizeLow,
+               IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hFileMapping = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateFileMappingW);
+    ENTRY("CreateFileMappingW(hFile=%p, lpAttributes=%p, flProtect=%#x, "
+          "dwMaxSizeH=%u, dwMaxSizeL=%u, lpName=%p (%S))\n",
+          hFile, lpFileMappingAttributes, flProtect, dwMaximumSizeHigh, 
+          dwMaximumSizeLow, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateFileMapping(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        lpFileMappingAttributes,
+        flProtect,
+        dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+        dwMaximumSizeLow,
+        lpName,
+        &hFileMapping
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT( "CreateFileMappingW returning %p .\n", hFileMapping );
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateFileMappingW);
+    return hFileMapping;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateFileMapping(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpFileMappingAttributes,
+    DWORD flProtect,
+    DWORD dwMaximumSizeHigh,
+    DWORD dwMaximumSizeLow,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phMapping
+    )
+{
+    CObjectAttributes objectAttributes(lpName, lpFileMappingAttributes);
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pMapping = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pRegisteredMapping = NULL;
+    CFileMappingProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileMappingImmutableData *pImmutableData = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pFileLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pFileLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    
+    struct stat UnixFileInformation;
+    INT UnixFd = -1;
+    BOOL bPALCreatedTempFile = FALSE;
+    UINT nFileSize = 0;
+
+    //
+    // Validate parameters
+    //
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    if (0 != dwMaximumSizeHigh)
+    {
+        ASSERT("dwMaximumSizeHigh is always 0.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+    
+    if (PAGE_READWRITE != flProtect
+        && PAGE_READONLY != flProtect
+        && PAGE_WRITECOPY != flProtect)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "invalid flProtect %#x, acceptable values are PAGE_READONLY "
+                "(%#x), PAGE_READWRITE (%#x) and PAGE_WRITECOPY (%#x).\n", 
+                flProtect, PAGE_READONLY, PAGE_READWRITE, PAGE_WRITECOPY );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && 0 == dwMaximumSizeLow)
+    {
+        ERROR( "If hFile is INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, then you must specify a size.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE && NULL != lpName)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "If hFile is not -1, then lpName must be NULL.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otFileMapping,
+        &objectAttributes,
+        &pMapping
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    palError = pMapping->GetImmutableData(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pImmutableData));
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE
+#ifndef CORECLR
+        && NULL == lpName
+#endif // !CORECLR
+        )
+    {
+        //
+        // Note: this path is what prevents us supporting the
+        // duplication of file mapping objects across processes, since
+        // there is no backing file that the other process can open. We can
+        // avoid this restriction by always using a temp backing file for
+        // anonymous mappings.
+        //
+        
+        /* Anonymous mapped files. */
+        if (strcpy_s(pImmutableData->szFileName, sizeof(pImmutableData->szFileName), "/dev/zero") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR( "strcpy_s failed!\n" );
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+
+#if HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+
+        UnixFd = InternalOpen(pImmutableData->szFileName, O_RDWR);
+        if ( -1 == UnixFd )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to open the file.\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+
+#else //!HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+
+        UnixFd = -1;  /* will pass MAP_ANON to mmap() instead */
+
+#endif //!HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if ( hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
+        {
+            palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+                pThread,
+                hFile,
+                &aotFile,
+                GENERIC_READ,
+                &pFileObject
+                );
+
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to obtain file data.\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+
+            palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+                pThread,
+                ReadLock, 
+                &pFileLocalDataLock,
+                reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pFileLocalData)
+                );
+
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+        
+            /* We need to check to ensure flProtect jives with 
+               the permission on the file handle */
+            if (!MAPIsRequestPermissible(flProtect, pFileLocalData))
+            {
+                ERROR("File handle does not have the correct "
+                      "permissions to create mapping\n" );
+                palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+                if (NULL != pFileLocalDataLock)
+                {
+                    pFileLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+                }
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // TODO: technically, the file mapping object should hold
+            // a reference to the passed in file object. This implementation
+            // only keeps the underlying native file structure (i.e., what
+            // the duplicated descriptors point to) open. There may be a risk
+            // here pertaining to the file lock information that the PAL must
+            // maintain (e.g,. if the passed in handle is closed immediately
+            // after the file mapping is opened then the lock information will
+            // be released, since we're not doing anything to keep it alive
+            // here).
+            //
+            // Having a direct reference to the underlying file object adds
+            // some complication, especially in cross-process cases. We may
+            // want to consider adding a reference to the PAL's file lock
+            // information, though...
+            //
+            
+            UnixFd = dup(pFileLocalData->unix_fd);
+            if (-1 == UnixFd)
+            {
+                ERROR( "Unable to duplicate the Unix file descriptor!\n" );
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                if (NULL != pFileLocalDataLock)
+                {
+                    pFileLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+                }
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+  
+            if (strcpy_s(pImmutableData->szFileName, sizeof(pImmutableData->szFileName), pFileLocalData->unix_filename) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR( "strcpy_s failed!\n" );
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                if (NULL != pFileLocalDataLock)
+                {
+                    pFileLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+                }
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+
+            if (NULL != pFileLocalDataLock)
+            {
+                pFileLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+            }
+        } 
+        else 
+        {
+#ifndef CORECLR
+            TRACE( "INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE was the hFile, time to try to create a "
+                   "temporary file" );
+
+            /* Create a temporary file on the filesystem in order to be 
+               shared across processes. */
+            palError = MAPCreateTempFile(pThread, &UnixFd, pImmutableData->szFileName);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to create the temporary file.\n");
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+            bPALCreatedTempFile = TRUE;
+#else // !CORECLR
+            ASSERT("should not get here\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+#endif // !CORECLR
+        }
+    
+        if (-1 == fstat(UnixFd, &UnixFileInformation))
+        {
+            ASSERT("fstat() failed for this reason %s.\n", strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+
+        if ( 0 == UnixFileInformation.st_size && 
+             0 == dwMaximumSizeHigh && 0 == dwMaximumSizeLow )
+        {
+            ERROR( "The file cannot be a zero length file.\n" );
+            palError = ERROR_FILE_INVALID;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+
+        if ( INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE != hFile && 
+             dwMaximumSizeLow > (DWORD) UnixFileInformation.st_size && 
+             ( PAGE_READONLY == flProtect || PAGE_WRITECOPY == flProtect ) )
+        {
+            /* In this situation, Windows returns an error, because the
+               permissions requested do not allow growing the file */
+            ERROR( "The file cannot be grown do to the map's permissions.\n" );
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+      
+        if ( (DWORD) UnixFileInformation.st_size < dwMaximumSizeLow )
+        {
+            TRACE( "Growing the size of file on disk to match requested size.\n" );
+
+            /* Need to grow the file on disk to match size. */
+            palError = MAPGrowLocalFile(UnixFd, dwMaximumSizeLow);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR( "Unable to grow the file on disk.\n" );
+                goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    nFileSize = ( 0 == dwMaximumSizeLow && 0 == dwMaximumSizeHigh ) ? 
+        UnixFileInformation.st_size : dwMaximumSizeLow;
+
+    pImmutableData->MaxSize = nFileSize;
+    pImmutableData->flProtect = flProtect;
+    pImmutableData->bPALCreatedTempFile = bPALCreatedTempFile;
+    pImmutableData->dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened = MAPConvertProtectToAccess(flProtect);
+    
+
+    //
+    // The local data isn't grabbed / modified until here so that we don't
+    // need to worry ourselves with locking issues with the passed in
+    // file handle -- all operations concerning the file handle are completed
+    // before we deal with the lock for the new object.
+    //
+
+    palError = pMapping->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->UnixFd = UnixFd;
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    if (-1 == UnixFd)
+    {
+        pLocalData->MappedFileDevNum = (dev_t)-1; /* there is no standard NO_DEV */
+        pLocalData->MappedFileInodeNum = NO_INO;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        struct stat st;
+
+        if (0 == fstat(UnixFd, &st))
+        {
+            pLocalData->MappedFileDevNum = st.st_dev;
+            pLocalData->MappedFileInodeNum = st.st_ino;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Couldn't get inode info for fd=%d to be stored in mapping object\n", UnixFd);
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto ExitInternalCreateFileMapping;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pMapping,
+        &aotFileMapping, 
+        flProtect,          // TODO: is flProtect really an access right?
+        phMapping,
+        &pRegisteredMapping
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pMapping is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line. This also ensures that we won't attempt to release
+    // any data associated with the mapping object here, as if any cleanup is
+    // necessary due to a failure in RegisterObject (which includes another
+    // object by the same name already existing) the cleanup will take place
+    // when that routine releases the reference to pMapping.
+    //
+    
+    pMapping = NULL;
+
+ExitInternalCreateFileMapping:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(
+            pThread,
+            TRUE
+            );
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pMapping)
+    {
+        pMapping->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+
+        if (bPALCreatedTempFile)
+        {
+            unlink(pImmutableData->szFileName);
+        }
+
+        if (-1 != UnixFd)
+        {
+            close(UnixFd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pRegisteredMapping)
+    {
+        pRegisteredMapping->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenFileMappingA
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenFileMappingA(
+         IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+         IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+         IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hFileMapping = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenFileMappingA);
+    ENTRY("OpenFileMappingA(dwDesiredAccess=%u, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%s)\n",
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName?lpName:"NULL", lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("name is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    LOGEXIT( "OpenFileMappingA returning %p\n", hFileMapping );
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenFileMappingA);
+    return hFileMapping;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenFileMappingW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenFileMappingW(
+         IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+         IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+         IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hFileMapping = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenFileMappingW);
+    ENTRY("OpenFileMappingW(dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%S)\n",
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("name is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("OpenFileMappingW returning %p.\n", hFileMapping);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenFileMappingW);
+    return hFileMapping;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalOpenFileMapping(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    BOOL bInheritHandle,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phMapping
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pFileMapping = NULL;
+    CPalString sObjectName(lpName);
+
+    if ( MAPContainsInvalidFlags( dwDesiredAccess ) ) 
+    {
+        ASSERT( "dwDesiredAccess can be one or more of FILE_MAP_READ, " 
+               "FILE_MAP_WRITE, FILE_MAP_COPY or FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto ExitInternalOpenFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->LocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &sObjectName,
+        &aotFileMapping, 
+        &pFileMapping
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto ExitInternalOpenFileMapping;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pThread,
+        pFileMapping,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        NULL,
+        phMapping
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto ExitInternalOpenFileMapping;
+    }
+
+ExitInternalOpenFileMapping:
+
+    if (NULL != pFileMapping)
+    {
+        pFileMapping->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MapViewOfFile
+
+  Limitations: 1) Currently file mappings are supported only at file
+                  offset 0.
+               2) Some platforms (specifically HP-UX) do not support
+                  multiple simultaneous shared mapping of the same file
+                  region in the same process. On these platforms, in case
+                  we are asked for a new view completely contained in an
+                  existing one, we return an address within the existing
+                  mapping. In case the new requested view is overlapping
+                  with the existing one, but not contained in it, the
+                  mapping is impossible, and MapViewOfFile will fail.
+                  Since currently the mappings are supported only at file
+                  offset 0, MapViewOfFile will succeed if the new view
+                  is equal or smaller of the existing one, and the address
+                  returned will be the same address of the existing 
+                  mapping.
+                  Since the underlying mapping is always the same, all 
+                  the shared views of the same file region will share the
+                  same protection, i.e. they will have the largest 
+                  protection requested. If any mapping asked for a
+                  read-write access, all the read-only mappings of the 
+                  same region will silently get a read-write access to 
+                  it.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+MapViewOfFile(
+          IN HANDLE hFileMappingObject,
+          IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+          IN DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+          IN DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+          IN SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToMap)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    LPVOID pvMappedBaseAddress = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MapViewOfFile);
+    ENTRY("MapViewOfFile(hFileMapping=%p, dwDesiredAccess=%u, "
+          "dwFileOffsetH=%u, dwFileOffsetL=%u, dwNumberOfBytes=%u)\n",
+          hFileMappingObject, dwDesiredAccess, dwFileOffsetHigh,
+          dwFileOffsetLow, dwNumberOfBytesToMap);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalMapViewOfFile(
+        pThread,
+        hFileMappingObject,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        dwFileOffsetHigh,
+        dwFileOffsetLow,
+        dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+        &pvMappedBaseAddress
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "MapViewOfFile returning %p.\n", pvMappedBaseAddress );
+    PERF_EXIT(MapViewOfFile);
+    return pvMappedBaseAddress;
+}
+
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+MapViewOfFileEx(
+          IN HANDLE hFileMappingObject,
+          IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+          IN DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+          IN DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+          IN SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+          IN LPVOID lpBaseAddress)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    LPVOID pvMappedBaseAddress = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MapViewOfFileEx);
+    ENTRY("MapViewOfFileEx(hFileMapping=%p, dwDesiredAccess=%u, "
+          "dwFileOffsetH=%u, dwFileOffsetL=%u, dwNumberOfBytes=%u, lpBaseAddress=%p)\n",
+          hFileMappingObject, dwDesiredAccess, dwFileOffsetHigh,
+          dwFileOffsetLow, dwNumberOfBytesToMap, lpBaseAddress);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpBaseAddress == NULL)
+    {
+        palError = InternalMapViewOfFile(
+            pThread,
+            hFileMappingObject,
+            dwDesiredAccess,
+            dwFileOffsetHigh,
+            dwFileOffsetLow,
+            dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+            &pvMappedBaseAddress
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // TODO: Figure out if we can support mapping at a specific address on Linux.
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);       
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "MapViewOfFileEx returning %p.\n", pvMappedBaseAddress );
+    PERF_EXIT(MapViewOfFileEx);
+    return pvMappedBaseAddress;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FlushViewOfFile
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FlushViewOfFile(
+    IN LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
+    IN SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToFlush)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = NULL;
+    BOOL fResult = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FlushViewOfFile);
+    ENTRY("FlushViewOfFile(lpBaseAddress=%p, dwNumberOfBytesToFlush=%u)\n",
+          lpBaseAddress, dwNumberOfBytesToFlush);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    pView = MAPGetViewForAddress(lpBaseAddress);
+    if (NULL == pView)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpBaseAddress has to be the address returned by MapViewOfFile[Ex]");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto Exit;
+    }
+
+    if (dwNumberOfBytesToFlush == 0)
+    {
+        dwNumberOfBytesToFlush = pView->NumberOfBytesToMap;
+    }
+
+    // <ROTORTODO>we should only use MS_SYNC if the file has been opened
+    // with FILE_FLAG_WRITE_THROUGH
+    if (msync(lpBaseAddress, dwNumberOfBytesToFlush, MS_SYNC) == -1)
+    {
+        if (errno == EINVAL)
+        {
+            WARN("msync failed; %s\n", strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        }
+        else if (errno == EIO)
+        {
+            WARN("msync failed; %s\n", strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_WRITE_FAULT;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("msync failed; %s\n", strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+
+Exit:
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        fResult = FALSE;
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FlushViewOfFile returning %d.\n", fResult);
+    PERF_EXIT(FlushViewOfFile);
+    return fResult;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UnmapViewOfFile
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+UnmapViewOfFile(
+        IN LPCVOID lpBaseAddress)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(UnmapViewOfFile);
+    ENTRY("UnmapViewOfFile(lpBaseAddress=%p)\n", lpBaseAddress);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalUnmapViewOfFile(pThread, lpBaseAddress);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "UnmapViewOfFile returning %s.\n", (NO_ERROR == palError) ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
+    PERF_EXIT(UnmapViewOfFile);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalMapViewOfFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFileMappingObject,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetHigh,
+    DWORD dwFileOffsetLow,
+    SIZE_T dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+    LPVOID *ppvBaseAddress
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject = NULL;
+    CFileMappingImmutableData *pImmutableData = NULL;
+    CFileMappingProcessLocalData *pProcessLocalData = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pProcessLocalDataLock = NULL;
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pReusedMapping = NULL;
+#endif
+    LPVOID pvBaseAddress = NULL;
+
+    /* Sanity checks */
+    if ( MAPContainsInvalidFlags( dwDesiredAccess ) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "dwDesiredAccess can be one of FILE_MAP_WRITE, FILE_MAP_READ,"
+               " FILE_MAP_COPY or FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    if ( 0 != dwFileOffsetHigh || 0 != dwFileOffsetLow )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "dwFileOffsetHigh and dwFileOffsetLow are always 0.\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFileMappingObject,
+        &aotFileMapping,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        &pMappingObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to reference handle %p.\n",hFileMappingObject );
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pMappingObject->GetImmutableData(
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pImmutableData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to obtain object immutable data");
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pMappingObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock,
+        &pProcessLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pProcessLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to obtain object process local data");
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+    
+    /* If dwNumberOfBytesToMap is 0, we need to map the entire file.
+     * mmap doesn't do the same thing as Windows in that case, though,
+     * so we use the file size instead. */
+    if (0 == dwNumberOfBytesToMap)
+    {
+        dwNumberOfBytesToMap = pImmutableData->MaxSize;
+    }
+
+    palError = MAPDesiredAccessAllowed(
+        pImmutableData->flProtect,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        pImmutableData->dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    if (FILE_MAP_COPY == dwDesiredAccess)
+    {
+        int flags = MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+#if !HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+        if (pProcessLocalData->UnixFd == -1)
+        {
+            flags |= MAP_ANON;
+        }
+#endif
+        pvBaseAddress = mmap(
+            NULL,
+            dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+            PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
+            flags,
+            pProcessLocalData->UnixFd,
+            0
+            );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        INT prot = MAPFileMapToMmapFlags(dwDesiredAccess);
+        if (prot != -1)
+        {
+            int flags = MAP_SHARED;
+
+#if !HAVE_MMAP_DEV_ZERO
+            if (pProcessLocalData->UnixFd == -1)
+            {
+                flags |= MAP_ANON;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            pvBaseAddress = mmap(
+                NULL,
+                dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+                prot,
+                flags,
+                pProcessLocalData->UnixFd,
+                0
+                );
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+            if ((MAP_FAILED == pvBaseAddress) && (ENOMEM == errno))
+            {
+                /* Search in list of MAPPED_MEMORY_INFO for a shared mapping 
+                   with the same inode number
+                */
+                TRACE("Mmap() failed with errno=ENOMEM probably for multiple mapping "
+                      "limitation. Searching for a replacement among existing mappings\n");
+
+                pReusedMapping = FindSharedMappingReplacement(
+                    pThread,
+                    pProcessLocalData->MappedFileDevNum,
+                    pProcessLocalData->MappedFileInodeNum,
+                    dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+                    0
+                    );
+                
+                if (pReusedMapping)
+                {
+                    int ret;
+
+                    TRACE("Mapping @ %p {sz=%d offs=%d} fully "
+                          "contains the requested one {sz=%d offs=%d}: reusing it\n",
+                          pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->address,
+                          (int)pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->size,
+                          (int)pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->offset,
+                          dwNumberOfBytesToMap, 0);
+
+                    /* Let's check the mapping's current protection */
+                    ret = mprotect(pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->address,
+                                   pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->size,
+                                   prot | PROT_CHECK);
+                    if (0 != ret)
+                    {               
+                        /* We need to raise the protection to the desired 
+                           one. That will give write access to any read-only
+                           mapping sharing this native mapping, but there is 
+                           no way around this problem on systems that do not
+                           allow more than one mapping per file region, per
+                           process */
+                        TRACE("Raising protections on mapping @ %p to 0x%x\n",
+                              pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->address, prot);
+                        ret = mprotect(pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->address,
+                                   pReusedMapping->pNMHolder->size,
+                                   prot);
+                    }
+
+                    if (ret != 0) 
+                    {
+                        ERROR( "Failed setting protections on reused mapping\n");
+
+                        NativeMapHolderRelease(pThread, pReusedMapping->pNMHolder);
+                        free(pReusedMapping);
+                        pReusedMapping = NULL;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+#endif // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT( "MapFileMapToMmapFlags failed!\n" );
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto InternalMapViewOfFileLeaveCriticalSection;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (MAP_FAILED == pvBaseAddress
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+         &&  (pReusedMapping == NULL)
+#endif // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        )
+    {
+        ERROR( "mmap failed with code %s.\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto InternalMapViewOfFileLeaveCriticalSection;
+
+    }
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    if (pReusedMapping != NULL)
+    {
+        //
+        // Add a reference to the file mapping object the reused mapping
+        // points to (note that it may be different than the object this
+        // call was actually made against) and add the view to the global
+        // list. All other initialization took place in
+        // FindSharedMappingReplacement
+        //
+        
+        pvBaseAddress = pReusedMapping->lpAddress;
+        pReusedMapping->pFileMapping->AddReference();
+        InsertTailList(&MappedViewList, &pReusedMapping->Link);
+    }
+    else 
+#endif // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    {
+        //
+        // Allocate and fill out a new view structure, and add it to
+        // the global list.
+        //
+        
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pNewView = (PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST)InternalMalloc(sizeof(*pNewView));
+        if (NULL != pNewView)
+        {
+            pNewView->lpAddress = pvBaseAddress;
+            pNewView->NumberOfBytesToMap = dwNumberOfBytesToMap;
+            pNewView->dwDesiredAccess = dwDesiredAccess;
+            pNewView->pFileMapping = pMappingObject;
+            pNewView->pFileMapping->AddReference();
+            pNewView->lpPEBaseAddress = 0;
+            InsertTailList(&MappedViewList, &pNewView->Link);
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+            pNewView->MappedFileDevNum = pProcessLocalData->MappedFileDevNum;
+            pNewView->MappedFileInodeNum = pProcessLocalData->MappedFileInodeNum;
+            
+            pNewView->pNMHolder = NewNativeMapHolder(
+                pThread,
+                pvBaseAddress, 
+                dwNumberOfBytesToMap,
+                0,
+                1
+                );
+
+            if (NULL == pNewView->pNMHolder)
+            {
+                pNewView->pFileMapping->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+                RemoveEntryList(&pNewView->Link);
+                free(pNewView);
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+#endif // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            if (-1 == munmap(pvBaseAddress, dwNumberOfBytesToMap))
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to unmap the file. Expect trouble.\n");
+                goto InternalMapViewOfFileLeaveCriticalSection;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        TRACE( "Added %p to the list.\n", pvBaseAddress );
+        *ppvBaseAddress = pvBaseAddress;
+    }
+
+InternalMapViewOfFileLeaveCriticalSection:
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+InternalMapViewOfFileExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pProcessLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pProcessLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pMappingObject)
+    {
+        pMappingObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalUnmapViewOfFile(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    LPCVOID lpBaseAddress
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject = NULL;
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    pView = MAPGetViewForAddress(lpBaseAddress);
+    if (NULL == pView)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpBaseAddress has to be the address returned by MapViewOfFile[Ex]");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalUnmapViewOfFileExit;
+    }
+    
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+    NativeMapHolderRelease(pThread, pView->pNMHolder);
+    pView->pNMHolder = NULL;
+#else
+    if (-1 == munmap((LPVOID)lpBaseAddress, pView->NumberOfBytesToMap))
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unable to unmap the memory. Error=%s.\n",
+                strerror( errno ) );
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+
+        //
+        // Even if the unmap fails we want to continue removing the
+        // info for this view
+        //
+    }
+#endif
+
+    RemoveEntryList(&pView->Link);
+    pMappingObject = pView->pFileMapping;
+    free(pView);
+    
+InternalUnmapViewOfFileExit:
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    //
+    // We can't dereference the file mapping object until after
+    // we've released the mapping critical section, since it may
+    // start going down its cleanup path and we don't want to make
+    // any assumptions as to what locks that might grab...
+    //
+
+    if (NULL != pMappingObject)
+    {
+        pMappingObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPInitialize
+
+    Initialize the critical sections.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if initialization succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL
+MAPInitialize( void )
+{
+    TRACE( "Initialising the critical section.\n" );
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&mapping_critsec);
+
+    InitializeListHead(&MappedViewList);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPCleanup
+
+    Deletes the critical sections. And all other necessary cleanup.
+
+Note:
+    This function is called after the handle manager is stopped. So
+    there shouldn't be any call that will cause an access to the handle
+    manager.
+
+--*/
+void MAPCleanup( void )
+{
+    TRACE( "Deleting the critical section.\n" );
+    InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&mapping_critsec);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPGetViewForAddress
+
+    Returns the mapped view (if any) that is based at the passed in address.
+
+    Callers to this function must hold mapping_critsec
+--*/
+static PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST MAPGetViewForAddress( LPCVOID lpAddress )
+{       
+    if ( NULL == lpAddress )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpAddress cannot be NULL\n" );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for(LIST_ENTRY *pLink = MappedViewList.Flink;
+        pLink != &MappedViewList;
+        pLink = pLink->Flink)
+    {
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, Link);
+
+        if (pView->lpAddress == lpAddress)
+        {
+            return pView;
+        }
+    }
+            
+    WARN( "No match found.\n" );
+    
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    MAPDesiredAccessAllowed
+
+    Determines if desired access is allowed based on the protection state.
+
+    if dwDesiredAccess conflicts with flProtect then the error is
+    ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, if the dwDesiredAccess conflicts with
+    dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened, then the error code is ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED
+--*/
+static PAL_ERROR MAPDesiredAccessAllowed( DWORD flProtect,
+                                     DWORD dwUserDesiredAccess,
+                                     DWORD dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened )
+{
+    TRACE( "flProtect=%d, dwUserDesiredAccess=%d, dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened=%d\n",
+           flProtect, dwUserDesiredAccess, dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened );
+
+    /* check flProtect parameters*/
+    if ( FILE_MAP_READ!= dwUserDesiredAccess && PAGE_READONLY == flProtect )
+    {
+        ERROR( "map object is read-only, can't map a view with write access\n");
+        return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if ( FILE_MAP_WRITE == dwUserDesiredAccess && PAGE_READWRITE != flProtect )
+    {
+        ERROR( "map object not open read-write, can't map a view with write "
+               "access.\n" );
+        return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+
+    if ( FILE_MAP_COPY == dwUserDesiredAccess  && PAGE_WRITECOPY != flProtect )
+    {
+        ERROR( "map object not open for copy-on-write, can't map copy-on-write "
+               "view.\n" );
+        return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    
+    /* Check to see we don't confict with the desired access we
+    opened the mapping object with. */
+    if ( ( dwUserDesiredAccess == FILE_MAP_READ ) &&
+        !( ( dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened == FILE_MAP_READ ) || 
+           ( dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened == FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS ) ) ) 
+    {
+        ERROR( "dwDesiredAccess conflict : read access requested, object not "
+               "opened with read access.\n" );
+        return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+    }
+    if ( ( dwUserDesiredAccess & FILE_MAP_WRITE ) &&
+        !( ( dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened == FILE_MAP_WRITE ) || 
+           ( dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened == FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS ) ) ) 
+    {
+        ERROR( "dwDesiredAccess conflict : write access requested, object not "
+               "opened with write access.\n" );
+        return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+    }
+    if ( ( dwUserDesiredAccess == FILE_MAP_COPY ) &&
+        !( dwDesiredAccessWhenOpened == FILE_MAP_COPY ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "dwDesiredAccess conflict : copy-on-write access requested, "
+               "object not opened with copy-on-write access.\n" );
+        return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+    }
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPConvertProtectToAccess
+
+    Converts the PAGE_READONLY type flags to FILE_MAP_READ flags.
+
+--*/
+static DWORD MAPConvertProtectToAccess( DWORD flProtect )
+{
+    if ( PAGE_READONLY == flProtect )
+    {
+        return FILE_MAP_READ;
+    }
+    if ( PAGE_READWRITE == flProtect )
+    {
+        return FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+    }
+    if ( PAGE_WRITECOPY == flProtect )
+    {
+        return FILE_MAP_COPY;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT( "Unknown flag for flProtect. This line "
+            "should not have been executed.\n " );
+    return (DWORD) -1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPConvertAccessToProtect
+
+    Converts the FILE_MAP_READ type flags to PAGE_READONLY flags.
+    Currently, this function only deals with the access flags recognized as valid 
+    by MAPContainsInvalidFlags().
+
+--*/
+static DWORD MAPConvertAccessToProtect(DWORD flAccess)
+{
+    if (flAccess == FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS)
+    {
+        return PAGE_READWRITE;
+    }
+    else if ((flAccess == FILE_MAP_COPY) || (flAccess == FILE_MAP_WRITE))
+    {
+        return PAGE_WRITECOPY;
+    }
+    else if (flAccess == FILE_MAP_READ)
+    {
+        return PAGE_READONLY;
+    }
+    else if (flAccess == 0)
+    {
+        return PAGE_NOACCESS;
+    }
+
+    ASSERT("Unknown flag for flAccess.\n");
+    return (DWORD) -1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPFileMapToMmapFlags
+
+    Converts the mapping flags to unix protection flags.
+--*/
+static INT MAPFileMapToMmapFlags( DWORD flags )
+{
+    if ( FILE_MAP_READ == flags )
+    {
+        TRACE( "FILE_MAP_READ\n" );
+        return PROT_READ;
+    }
+    else if ( FILE_MAP_WRITE == flags )
+    {
+        TRACE( "FILE_MAP_WRITE\n" );
+        /* The limitation of x86 archetecture
+        means you cant have writable but not readable
+        page. In Windows maps of FILE_MAP_WRITE can still be
+        read from. */
+        return PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ;
+    }
+    else if ( (FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE) == flags )
+    {
+        TRACE( "FILE_MAP_READ|FILE_MAP_WRITE\n" );
+        return PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+    }
+    else if( FILE_MAP_COPY == flags)
+    {
+        TRACE( "FILE_MAP_COPY\n");
+        return PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE;
+    } 
+
+    ASSERT( "Unknown flag. This line should not have been executed.\n" );
+    return -1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPMmapProtToAccessFlags
+
+    Converts unix protection flags to file access flags.
+    We ignore PROT_EXEC.
+--*/
+static DWORD MAPMmapProtToAccessFlags( int prot )
+{
+    DWORD flAccess = 0; // default: no access
+
+    if (PROT_NONE == prot)
+    {
+        flAccess = 0;
+    }
+    else if ( ((PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) & prot) == (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) )
+    {
+        flAccess = FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS;
+    }
+    else if ( (PROT_WRITE & prot) == PROT_WRITE )
+    {
+        flAccess = FILE_MAP_WRITE;
+    }
+    else if ( (PROT_READ & prot) == PROT_READ )
+    {
+        flAccess = FILE_MAP_READ;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unknown Unix protection flag\n" );
+    }
+
+    return flAccess;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    MAPGrowLocalFile
+
+    Grows the file on disk to match the specified size.
+    
+--*/
+static PAL_ERROR MAPGrowLocalFile( INT UnixFD, UINT NewSize )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    INT  TruncateRetVal = -1;
+    struct stat FileInfo;
+    TRACE( "Entered MapGrowLocalFile (UnixFD=%d,NewSize%d)\n", UnixFD, NewSize );
+
+    //
+    // TODO: can we add configure flags to model the behavior of ftruncate
+    // among our various target platforms? How much would that actually gain
+    // us?
+    //
+
+    /* ftruncate is a standard function, but the behavior of enlarging files is
+    non-standard.  So I will try to enlarge a file, and if that fails try the
+    less efficent way.*/
+    TruncateRetVal = ftruncate( UnixFD, NewSize );
+    fstat( UnixFD, &FileInfo );
+
+    if ( TruncateRetVal != 0 || FileInfo.st_size != (int) NewSize )
+    {
+        INT OrigSize;
+        CONST UINT  BUFFER_SIZE = 128;
+        BYTE buf[BUFFER_SIZE];
+        UINT x = 0;
+        UINT CurrentPosition = 0;
+
+        TRACE( "Trying the less efficent way.\n" );
+
+        CurrentPosition = lseek( UnixFD, 0, SEEK_CUR );
+        OrigSize = lseek( UnixFD, 0, SEEK_END );
+        if ( OrigSize == -1 )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to locate the EOF marker. Reason=%s\n",
+                   strerror( errno ) );
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (NewSize <= (UINT) OrigSize)
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        memset( buf, 0, BUFFER_SIZE );
+
+        for ( x = 0; x < NewSize - OrigSize - BUFFER_SIZE; x += BUFFER_SIZE )
+        {
+            if ( write( UnixFD, (LPVOID)buf, BUFFER_SIZE ) == -1 )
+            {
+                ERROR( "Unable to grow the file. Reason=%s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+                if((errno == ENOSPC) || (errno == EDQUOT))
+                {
+                    palError = ERROR_DISK_FULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                }
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+        /* Catch any left overs. */
+        if ( x != NewSize )
+        {
+            if ( write( UnixFD, (LPVOID)buf, NewSize - OrigSize - x) == -1 )
+            {
+                ERROR( "Unable to grow the file. Reason=%s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+                if((errno == ENOSPC) || (errno == EDQUOT))
+                {
+                    palError = ERROR_DISK_FULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                }
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* restore the file pointer position */
+        lseek( UnixFD, CurrentPosition, SEEK_SET );
+    }
+
+done:
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPContainsInvalidFlags
+
+    Checks that only valid flags are in the parameter.
+    
+--*/
+static BOOL MAPContainsInvalidFlags( DWORD flags )
+{
+
+    if ( (flags == FILE_MAP_READ) ||
+         (flags == FILE_MAP_WRITE) ||
+         (flags == FILE_MAP_ALL_ACCESS) ||
+         (flags == FILE_MAP_COPY) )
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    MAPProtectionToFileOpenFlags
+    
+    Converts the PAGE_* flags to the O_* flags.
+ 
+    Returns the file open flags.
+--*/
+static INT MAPProtectionToFileOpenFlags( DWORD flProtect )
+{
+    INT retVal = 0;
+    switch(flProtect)
+    {
+    case PAGE_READONLY:
+        retVal = O_RDONLY;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_READWRITE:
+        retVal = O_RDWR;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_WRITECOPY:
+        retVal = O_RDONLY;
+        break;
+    default:
+        ASSERT("unexpected flProtect value %#x\n", flProtect);
+        retVal = 0;
+        break;
+    }         
+    return retVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    
+    MAPIsRequestPermissible
+    
+        DWORD flProtect     - The requested file mapping protection .
+        file * pFileStruct  - The file structure containing all the information.
+
+--*/
+static BOOL MAPIsRequestPermissible( DWORD flProtect, CFileProcessLocalData * pFileLocalData )
+{
+    if ( ( (flProtect == PAGE_READONLY || flProtect == PAGE_WRITECOPY) && 
+           (pFileLocalData->open_flags_deviceaccessonly == TRUE || 
+            pFileLocalData->open_flags & O_WRONLY) )
+       )
+    {
+        /*
+         * PAGE_READONLY or PAGE_WRITECOPY access to a file must at least be
+         * readable. Contrary to what MSDN says, PAGE_WRITECOPY
+         * only needs to be readable.
+         */
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    else if ( flProtect == PAGE_READWRITE && !(pFileLocalData->open_flags & O_RDWR) )
+    {
+        /*
+         * PAGE_READWRITE access to a file needs to be readable and writable 
+         */
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Action is permissible */
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+}
+
+// returns TRUE if we have information about the specified address
+BOOL MAPGetRegionInfo(LPVOID lpAddress,
+                      PMEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer)
+{
+    BOOL fFound = FALSE;
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    for(LIST_ENTRY *pLink = MappedViewList.Flink;
+        pLink != &MappedViewList;
+        pLink = pLink->Flink)
+    {
+        UINT MappedSize;
+        VOID * real_map_addr;
+        SIZE_T real_map_sz;
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, Link);
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+        real_map_addr = pView->pNMHolder->address;
+        real_map_sz = pView->pNMHolder->size;
+#else
+        real_map_addr = pView->lpAddress;
+        real_map_sz = pView->NumberOfBytesToMap;
+#endif
+
+        MappedSize = ((real_map_sz-1) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) + VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE; 
+        if ( real_map_addr <= lpAddress && 
+             (VOID *)((UINT_PTR)real_map_addr+MappedSize) > lpAddress )
+        {
+            if (lpBuffer)
+            {
+                SIZE_T regionSize = MappedSize + (UINT_PTR) real_map_addr - 
+                       ((UINT_PTR) lpAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK);
+
+                lpBuffer->BaseAddress = lpAddress;
+                lpBuffer->AllocationProtect = 0;
+                lpBuffer->RegionSize = regionSize;
+                lpBuffer->State = MEM_COMMIT;
+                lpBuffer->Protect = MAPConvertAccessToProtect(pView->dwDesiredAccess);
+                lpBuffer->Type = MEM_MAPPED;
+            }
+
+            fFound = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+    
+    return fFound;
+}
+
+#if ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+
+//
+// Callers of FindSharedMappingReplacement must hold mapping_critsec
+//
+
+static PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST FindSharedMappingReplacement(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    dev_t deviceNum,
+    ino_t inodeNum,
+    SIZE_T size, 
+    SIZE_T offset)
+{
+    PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pNewView = NULL;
+    
+    if (size == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Mapping size cannot be NULL\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    for (LIST_ENTRY *pLink = MappedViewList.Flink;
+         pLink != &MappedViewList;
+         pLink = pLink->Flink)
+    {
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, Link);
+
+        if (pView->MappedFileDevNum != deviceNum
+            || pView->MappedFileInodeNum != inodeNum
+            || pView->dwDesiredAccess == FILE_MAP_COPY)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // This is a shared mapping for the same indoe / device. Now, check
+        // to see if it overlaps with the range for the new view
+        //
+
+        SIZE_T real_map_offs = pView->pNMHolder->offset;
+        SIZE_T real_map_sz = pView->pNMHolder->size;
+
+        if (real_map_offs <= offset
+            && real_map_offs+real_map_sz >= offset)
+        {
+            //
+            // The views overlap. Even if this view is not reusable for the
+            // new once the search is over, as on
+            // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS systems there
+            // cannot be shared mappings of two overlapping regions of the
+            // same file, in the same process. Therefore, whether this view
+            // is reusable or not we cannot mmap the requested region of
+            // the specified file.
+            //
+
+            if (real_map_offs+real_map_sz >= offset+size)
+            {
+                /* The new desired mapping is fully contained in the 
+                   one just found: we can reuse this one */
+
+                pNewView = (PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST)InternalMalloc(sizeof(MAPPED_VIEW_LIST));
+                if (pNewView)
+                {
+                    memcpy(pNewView, pView, sizeof(*pNewView));
+                    NativeMapHolderAddRef(pNewView->pNMHolder);
+                    pNewView->lpAddress = (VOID*)((CHAR*)pNewView->pNMHolder->address + 
+                        offset - pNewView->pNMHolder->offset);
+                    pNewView->NumberOfBytesToMap = size; 
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ERROR("No memory for new MAPPED_VIEW_LIST node\n");
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    TRACE ("FindSharedMappingReplacement returning %p\n", pNewView);
+    return pNewView;
+}
+
+static NativeMapHolder * NewNativeMapHolder(CPalThread *pThread, LPVOID address, SIZE_T size, 
+                                     SIZE_T offset, long init_ref_count)
+{
+    NativeMapHolder * pThisMapHolder;
+    
+    if (init_ref_count < 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Negative initial reference count for new map holder\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+	
+    pThisMapHolder = 
+        (NativeMapHolder *)InternalMalloc(sizeof(NativeMapHolder));
+        
+    if (pThisMapHolder)
+    {
+        pThisMapHolder->ref_count = init_ref_count;
+        pThisMapHolder->address = address;
+        pThisMapHolder->size = size;
+        pThisMapHolder->offset = offset;
+    }
+    
+    return pThisMapHolder;
+}
+
+static LONG NativeMapHolderAddRef(NativeMapHolder * thisNMH)
+{
+    LONG ret = InterlockedIncrement(&thisNMH->ref_count);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static LONG NativeMapHolderRelease(CPalThread *pThread, NativeMapHolder * thisNMH)
+{
+    LONG ret = InterlockedDecrement(&thisNMH->ref_count);
+    if (ret == 0)
+    {
+        if (-1 == munmap(thisNMH->address, thisNMH->size))
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to unmap memory. Error=%s.\n",
+                    strerror( errno ) );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE( "Successfully unmapped %p (size=%lu)\n", 
+                   thisNMH->address, (unsigned long)thisNMH->size);
+        }
+        free (thisNMH);
+    }
+    else if (ret < 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Negative reference count for map holder %p"
+                " {address=%p, size=%lu}\n", thisNMH->address, 
+                (unsigned long)thisNMH->size);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#endif // ONE_SHARED_MAPPING_PER_FILEREGION_PER_PROCESS
+
+// Record a mapping in the MappedViewList list.
+// This call assumes the mapping_critsec has already been taken.
+static PAL_ERROR
+MAPRecordMapping(
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject,
+    void *pPEBaseAddress,
+    void *addr,
+    size_t len,
+    int prot
+    )
+{
+    if (pPEBaseAddress == NULL)
+    {
+        return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pNewView;
+    pNewView = (PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST)InternalMalloc(sizeof(*pNewView));
+    if (NULL != pNewView)
+    {
+        pNewView->lpAddress = addr;
+        pNewView->NumberOfBytesToMap = len;
+        pNewView->dwDesiredAccess = MAPMmapProtToAccessFlags(prot);
+        pMappingObject->AddReference();
+        pNewView->pFileMapping = pMappingObject;
+        pNewView->lpPEBaseAddress = pPEBaseAddress;
+        InsertTailList(&MappedViewList, &pNewView->Link);
+
+        TRACE_(LOADER)("Added address %p, size 0x%x, to the mapped file list.\n", addr, len);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+// Do the actual mmap() call, and record the mapping in the MappedViewList list.
+// This call assumes the mapping_critsec has already been taken.
+static PAL_ERROR
+MAPmmapAndRecord(
+    IPalObject *pMappingObject,
+    void *pPEBaseAddress,
+    void *addr,
+    size_t len,
+    int prot,
+    int flags,
+    int fd,
+    off_t offset,
+    LPVOID *ppvBaseAddress
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(pPEBaseAddress != NULL);
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    LPVOID pvBaseAddress = NULL;
+
+    pvBaseAddress = mmap(addr, len, prot, flags, fd, offset);
+    if (MAP_FAILED == pvBaseAddress)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "mmap failed with code %d: %s.\n", errno, strerror( errno ) );
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = MAPRecordMapping(pMappingObject, pPEBaseAddress, pvBaseAddress, len, prot);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            if (-1 == munmap(pvBaseAddress, len))
+            {
+                ERROR_(LOADER)("Unable to unmap the file. Expect trouble.\n");
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *ppvBaseAddress = pvBaseAddress;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+    MAPMapPEFile -
+
+    Map a PE format file into memory like Windows LoadLibrary() would do.
+    Doesn't apply base relocations if the function is relocated.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN hFile - file to map
+
+Return value:
+    non-NULL - the base address of the mapped image
+    NULL - error, with last error set.
+--*/
+
+void * MAPMapPEFile(HANDLE hFile)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = 0;
+    IPalObject *pFileObject = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    void * loadedBase = NULL;
+    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER * loadedHeader = NULL;
+    void * retval;
+#if _DEBUG
+    bool forceRelocs = false;
+    char* envVar;
+#endif
+
+    ENTRY("MAPMapPEFile (hFile=%p)\n", hFile);
+
+    //Step 0: Verify values, find internal pal data structures.
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "Invalid file handle\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            pThread,
+            hFile,
+            &aotFile,
+            GENERIC_READ,
+            &pFileObject
+            );
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "ReferenceObjectByHandle failed\n" );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = pFileObject->GetProcessLocalData(
+            pThread,
+            ReadLock,
+            &pLocalDataLock,
+            reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pLocalData)
+            );
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "GetProcessLocalData failed\n" );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    int fd;
+    fd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+    //Step 1: Read the PE headers and reserve enough space for the whole image somewhere.
+    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER dosHeader;
+    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS ntHeader;
+    errno = 0;
+    if (0 != lseek(fd, 0, SEEK_SET))
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "lseek failed\n" );
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (sizeof(dosHeader) != read(fd, &dosHeader, sizeof(dosHeader)))
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "reading dos header failed\n" );
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (dosHeader.e_lfanew != lseek(fd, dosHeader.e_lfanew, SEEK_SET))
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if (sizeof(ntHeader) != read(fd, &ntHeader, sizeof(ntHeader)))
+    {
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ((VAL16(IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) != VAL16(dosHeader.e_magic))
+        || (VAL32(IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) != VAL32(ntHeader.Signature))
+        || (VAL16(IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR_MAGIC) != VAL16(ntHeader.OptionalHeader.Magic) ) )
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "Magic number mismatch\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    //this code requires that the file alignment be the same as the page alignment
+    if (ntHeader.OptionalHeader.FileAlignment < VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "Optional header file alignment is bad\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    //This doesn't read the entire NT header (the optional header technically has a variable length.  But I
+    //don't need more directories.
+
+    //I now know how big the file is.  Reserve enough address space for the whole thing.  Try to get the
+    //preferred base.  Create the intial mapping as "no access".  We'll use that for the guard pages in the
+    //"holes" between sections.
+    SIZE_T preferredBase, virtualSize;
+    preferredBase = ntHeader.OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
+    virtualSize = ntHeader.OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage;
+
+    // Validate the image header
+    if (   (preferredBase == 0)
+        || (virtualSize == 0)
+        || (preferredBase + virtualSize < preferredBase)    // Does the image overflow?
+        )
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "image is corrupt\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+#if _DEBUG
+    envVar = EnvironGetenv("PAL_ForceRelocs");
+    if (envVar)
+    {
+        if (strlen(envVar) > 0)
+        {
+            forceRelocs = true;
+            TRACE_(LOADER)("Forcing rebase of image\n");
+        }
+
+        free(envVar);
+    }
+
+    void * pForceRelocBase;
+    pForceRelocBase = NULL;
+    if (forceRelocs)
+    {
+        //if we're forcing relocs, create an anonymous mapping at the preferred base.  Only create the
+        //mapping if we can create it at the specified address.
+        pForceRelocBase = mmap( (void*)preferredBase, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANON|MAP_FIXED|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0 );
+        if (pForceRelocBase == MAP_FAILED)
+        {
+            TRACE_(LOADER)("Attempt to take preferred base of %p to force relocation failed\n", (void*)preferredBase);
+            forceRelocs = false;
+        }
+        else if ((void*)preferredBase != pForceRelocBase)
+        {
+            TRACE_(LOADER)("Attempt to take preferred base of %p to force relocation failed; actually got %p\n", (void*)preferredBase, pForceRelocBase);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+    // The first mmap mapping covers the entire file but just reserves space. Subsequent mappings cover
+    // individual parts of the file, and actually map pages in. Note that according to the mmap() man page, "A
+    // successful mmap deletes any previous mapping in the allocated address range." Also, "If a MAP_FIXED
+    // request is successful, the mapping established by mmap() replaces any previous mappings for the process' pages
+    // in the range from addr to addr + len." Thus, we will record a series of mappings here, one for the header
+    // and each of the sections, as well as all the space between them that we give PROT_NONE protections.
+
+    // We're going to start adding mappings to the mapping list, so take the critical section
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+#if !defined(_AMD64_)
+    loadedBase = mmap((void*)preferredBase, virtualSize, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+#else // defined(_AMD64_)    
+    // First try to reserve virtual memory using ExecutableAllcator. This allows all PE images to be
+    // near each other and close to the coreclr library which also allows the runtime to generate
+    // more efficient code (by avoiding usage of jump stubs).
+    loadedBase = ReserveMemoryFromExecutableAllocator(pThread, virtualSize);
+    if (loadedBase == NULL)
+    {
+        // MAC64 requires we pass MAP_SHARED (or MAP_PRIVATE) flags - otherwise, the call is failed.
+        // Refer to mmap documentation at http://www.manpagez.com/man/2/mmap/ for details.
+        loadedBase = mmap((void*)preferredBase, virtualSize, PROT_NONE, MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+    }
+#endif // !defined(_AMD64_)
+
+    if (MAP_FAILED == loadedBase)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "mmap failed with code %d: %s.\n", errno, strerror( errno ) );
+        palError = FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno();
+        loadedBase = NULL; // clear it so we don't try to use it during clean-up
+        goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+    }
+
+    // All subsequent mappings of the PE file will be in the range [loadedBase, loadedBase + virtualSize)
+
+#if _DEBUG
+    if (forceRelocs)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(((SIZE_T)loadedBase) != preferredBase);
+        munmap(pForceRelocBase, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE); // now that we've forced relocation, let the original address mapping go
+    }
+    if (((SIZE_T)loadedBase) != preferredBase)
+    {
+        TRACE_(LOADER)("Image rebased from preferredBase of %p to loadedBase of %p\n", preferredBase, loadedBase);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE_(LOADER)("Image loaded at preferred base %p\n", loadedBase);
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+    //we have now reserved memory (potentially we got rebased).  Walk the PE sections and map each part
+    //separately.
+
+    size_t headerSize;
+    headerSize = VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE; // if there are lots of sections, this could be wrong
+
+    //first, map the PE header to the first page in the image.  Get pointers to the section headers
+    palError = MAPmmapAndRecord(pFileObject, loadedBase,
+                    loadedBase, headerSize, PROT_READ, MAP_FILE|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED, fd, 0,
+                    (void**)&loadedHeader);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "mmap of PE header failed\n" );
+        goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+    }
+
+    TRACE_(LOADER)("PE header loaded @ %p\n", loadedHeader);
+    _ASSERTE(loadedHeader == loadedBase); // we already preallocated the space, and we used MAP_FIXED, so we should have gotten this address
+    IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER * firstSection;
+    firstSection = (IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER*)(((char *)loadedHeader)
+                                           + loadedHeader->e_lfanew
+                                           + offsetof(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS, OptionalHeader)
+                                           + VAL16(ntHeader.FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader));
+    unsigned numSections;
+    numSections = ntHeader.FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
+
+    // Validation
+    char* sectionHeaderEnd;
+    sectionHeaderEnd = (char*)firstSection + numSections * sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER);
+    if (   ((void*)firstSection < loadedBase)
+        || ((char*)firstSection > sectionHeaderEnd)
+        || (sectionHeaderEnd > (char*)loadedBase + virtualSize)
+        )
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "image is corrupt\n" );
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+    }
+
+    void* prevSectionBase;
+    prevSectionBase = loadedBase; // the first "section" for our purposes is the header
+    size_t prevSectionSizeInMemory;
+    prevSectionSizeInMemory = headerSize;
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < numSections; ++i)
+    {
+        //for each section, map the section of the file to the correct virtual offset.  Gather the
+        //protection bits from the PE file and convert them to the correct mmap PROT_* flags.
+        void * sectionData;
+        int prot = 0;
+        IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER &currentHeader = firstSection[i];
+
+        void* sectionBase = (char*)loadedBase + currentHeader.VirtualAddress;
+
+        // Validate the section header
+        if (   (sectionBase < loadedBase)                                                           // Did computing the section base overflow?
+            || ((char*)sectionBase + currentHeader.SizeOfRawData < (char*)sectionBase)              // Does the section overflow?
+            || ((char*)sectionBase + currentHeader.SizeOfRawData > (char*)loadedBase + virtualSize) // Does the section extend past the end of the image as the header stated?
+            || ((char*)prevSectionBase + prevSectionSizeInMemory > sectionBase)                     // Does this section overlap the previous one?
+            )
+        {
+            ERROR_(LOADER)( "section %d is corrupt\n", i );
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+        }
+        if (currentHeader.Misc.VirtualSize > currentHeader.SizeOfRawData)
+        {
+            ERROR_(LOADER)( "no support for zero-padded sections, section %d\n", i );
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+        }
+
+        // Is there space between the previous section and this one? If so, add a PROT_NONE mapping to cover it.
+        if ((char*)prevSectionBase + prevSectionSizeInMemory < sectionBase)
+        {
+            char* gapBase = (char*)prevSectionBase + prevSectionSizeInMemory;
+            palError = MAPRecordMapping(pFileObject,
+                            loadedBase,
+                            (void*)gapBase,
+                            (char*)sectionBase - gapBase,
+                            PROT_NONE);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR_(LOADER)( "recording gap section before section %d failed\n", i );
+                goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Don't discard these sections.  We need them to verify PE files
+        //if (currentHeader.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_DISCARDABLE)
+        //    continue;
+        if (currentHeader.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_EXECUTE)
+            prot |= PROT_EXEC;
+        if (currentHeader.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ)
+            prot |= PROT_READ;
+        if (currentHeader.Characteristics & IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE)
+            prot |= PROT_WRITE;
+
+        palError = MAPmmapAndRecord(pFileObject, loadedBase,
+                        sectionBase,
+                        currentHeader.SizeOfRawData,
+                        prot,
+                        MAP_FILE|MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_FIXED,
+                        fd,
+                        currentHeader.PointerToRawData,
+                        &sectionData);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR_(LOADER)( "mmap of section %d failed\n", i );
+            goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+        }
+
+#if _DEBUG
+        {
+            // Ensure null termination of section name (which is allowed to not be null terminated if exactly 8 characters long)
+            char sectionName[9];
+            sectionName[8] = '\0';
+            memcpy(sectionName, currentHeader.Name, sizeof(currentHeader.Name));
+            TRACE_(LOADER)("Section %d '%s' (header @ %p) loaded @ %p (RVA: 0x%x, SizeOfRawData: 0x%x, PointerToRawData: 0x%x)\n",
+                i, sectionName, &currentHeader, sectionData, currentHeader.VirtualAddress, currentHeader.SizeOfRawData, currentHeader.PointerToRawData);
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        prevSectionBase = sectionBase;
+        prevSectionSizeInMemory = (currentHeader.SizeOfRawData + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK; // round up to page boundary
+    }
+
+    // Is there space after the last section and before the end of the mapped image? If so, add a PROT_NONE mapping to cover it.
+    char* imageEnd;
+    imageEnd = (char*)loadedBase + virtualSize; // actually, points just after the mapped end
+    if ((char*)prevSectionBase + prevSectionSizeInMemory < imageEnd)
+    {
+        char* gapBase = (char*)prevSectionBase + prevSectionSizeInMemory;
+        palError = MAPRecordMapping(pFileObject,
+                        loadedBase,
+                        (void*)gapBase,
+                        imageEnd - gapBase,
+                        PROT_NONE);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR_(LOADER)( "recording end of image gap section failed\n" );
+            goto doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+
+doneReleaseMappingCriticalSection:
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+done:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pFileObject)
+    {
+        pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (palError == ERROR_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        retval = loadedBase;
+        LOGEXIT("MAPMapPEFile returns %p\n", retval);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        retval = NULL;
+        LOGEXIT("MAPMapPEFile error: %d\n", palError);
+
+        // If we had an error, and had mapped anything, we need to unmap it
+        if (loadedBase != NULL)
+        {
+            MAPUnmapPEFile(loadedBase);
+        }
+    }
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MAPUnmapPEFile - unmap a PE file, and remove it from the recorded list of PE files mapped
+
+    returns TRUE if successful, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL MAPUnmapPEFile(LPCVOID lpAddress)
+{
+    TRACE_(LOADER)("MAPUnmapPEFile(lpAddress=%p)\n", lpAddress);
+
+    if ( NULL == lpAddress )
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "lpAddress cannot be NULL\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    BOOL retval = TRUE;
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+    PLIST_ENTRY pLink, pLinkNext, pLinkLocal = NULL;
+    unsigned nPESections = 0;
+
+    // Look through the entire MappedViewList for all mappings associated with the
+    // PE file with base address 'lpAddress'. We want to unmap all the memory
+    // and then release the file mapping object. Unfortunately, based on the comment
+    // in CorUnix::InternalUnmapViewOfFile(), we can't release the file mapping object
+    // while within the mapping critical section. So, we unlink all the elements from the
+    // main list while in the critical section, and then run through this local list
+    // doing the real work after releasing the main list critical section. The order
+    // of the unmapping doesn't matter, so we don't fully set all the list link pointers,
+    // only a minimal set.
+
+    for(pLink = MappedViewList.Flink;
+        pLink != &MappedViewList;
+        pLink = pLinkNext)
+    {
+        pLinkNext = pLink->Flink;
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, Link);
+
+        if (pView->lpPEBaseAddress == lpAddress) // this entry is associated with the PE file
+        {
+            ++nPESections; // for debugging, check that we see at least one
+
+            RemoveEntryList(&pView->Link);
+            pView->Link.Flink = pLinkLocal; // the local list is singly-linked, NULL terminated
+            pLinkLocal = &pView->Link;
+        }
+    }
+
+#if _DEBUG
+    if (nPESections == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR_(LOADER)( "MAPUnmapPEFile called to unmap a file that was not in the PE file mapping list\n" );
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &mapping_critsec);
+
+    // Now, outside the critical section, do the actual unmapping work
+
+    for(pLink = pLinkLocal;
+        pLink != NULL;
+        pLink = pLinkNext)
+    {
+        pLinkNext = pLink->Flink;
+        PMAPPED_VIEW_LIST pView = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, MAPPED_VIEW_LIST, Link);
+
+        // remove pView mapping from the list
+        if (-1 == munmap(pView->lpAddress, pView->NumberOfBytesToMap))
+        {
+            // Emit an error message in a trace, but continue trying to do the rest
+            ERROR_(LOADER)("Unable to unmap the file. Expect trouble.\n");
+            retval = FALSE;
+        }
+
+        IPalObject* pFileObject = pView->pFileMapping;
+        if (NULL != pFileObject)
+        {
+            pFileObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        }
+        free(pView); // this leaves pLink dangling
+    }
+
+    TRACE_(LOADER)("MAPUnmapPEFile returning %d\n", retval);
+    return retval;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/map/virtual.cpp b/src/pal/src/map/virtual.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4b5209642c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/map/virtual.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2064 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    virtual.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of virtual memory management functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/map.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+#include <mach/vm_map.h>
+#include <mach/mach_init.h>
+#endif // HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(VIRTUAL);
+
+CRITICAL_SECTION virtual_critsec;
+
+// The first node in our list of allocated blocks.
+static PCMI pVirtualMemory;
+
+/* We need MAP_ANON. However on some platforms like HP-UX, it is defined as MAP_ANONYMOUS */
+#if !defined(MAP_ANON) && defined(MAP_ANONYMOUS)
+#define MAP_ANON MAP_ANONYMOUS
+#endif
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ReserveVirtualMemory()
+
+    Helper function that is used by Virtual* APIs and ExecutableMemoryAllocator
+    to reserve virtual memory from the OS.
+
+--*/
+static LPVOID ReserveVirtualMemory(
+                IN CPalThread *pthrCurrent, /* Currently executing thread */
+                IN LPVOID lpAddress,        /* Region to reserve or commit */
+                IN SIZE_T dwSize);          /* Size of Region */
+
+
+// A memory allocator that allocates memory from a pre-reserved region
+// of virtual memory that is located near the CoreCLR library.
+static ExecutableMemoryAllocator g_executableMemoryAllocator;
+
+//
+//
+// Virtual Memory Logging
+//
+// We maintain a lightweight in-memory circular buffer recording virtual
+// memory operations so that we can better diagnose failures and crashes
+// caused by one of these operations mishandling memory in some way.
+//
+//
+namespace VirtualMemoryLogging
+{
+    // Specifies the operation being logged
+    enum class VirtualOperation
+    {
+        Allocate = 0x10,
+        Reserve = 0x20,
+        Commit = 0x30,
+        Decommit = 0x40,
+        Release = 0x50,
+    };
+
+    // Indicates that the attempted operation has failed
+    const DWORD FailedOperationMarker = 0x80000000;
+
+    // An entry in the in-memory log
+    struct LogRecord
+    {
+        LONG RecordId;
+        DWORD Operation;
+        LPVOID CurrentThread;
+        LPVOID RequestedAddress;
+        LPVOID ReturnedAddress;
+        SIZE_T Size;
+        DWORD AllocationType;
+        DWORD Protect;
+    };
+
+    // Maximum number of records in the in-memory log
+    const LONG MaxRecords = 128;
+
+    // Buffer used to store the logged data
+    volatile LogRecord logRecords[MaxRecords];
+
+    // Current record number. Use (recordNumber % MaxRecords) to determine
+    // the current position in the circular buffer.
+    volatile LONG recordNumber = 0;
+
+    // Record an entry in the in-memory log
+    void LogVaOperation(
+        IN VirtualOperation operation,
+        IN LPVOID requestedAddress,
+        IN SIZE_T size,
+        IN DWORD flAllocationType,
+        IN DWORD flProtect,
+        IN LPVOID returnedAddress,
+        IN BOOL result)
+    {
+        LONG i = InterlockedIncrement(&recordNumber) - 1;
+        LogRecord* curRec = (LogRecord*)&logRecords[i % MaxRecords];
+
+        curRec->RecordId = i;
+        curRec->CurrentThread = (LPVOID)pthread_self();
+        curRec->RequestedAddress = requestedAddress;
+        curRec->ReturnedAddress = returnedAddress;
+        curRec->Size = size;
+        curRec->AllocationType = flAllocationType;
+        curRec->Protect = flProtect;
+        curRec->Operation = static_cast<DWORD>(operation) | (result ? 0 : FailedOperationMarker);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    VIRTUALInitialize()
+    
+    Initializes this section's critical section.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE  if initialization succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise.
+
+--*/
+extern "C"
+BOOL
+VIRTUALInitialize(bool initializeExecutableMemoryAllocator)
+{
+    TRACE("Initializing the Virtual Critical Sections. \n");
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&virtual_critsec);
+
+    pVirtualMemory = NULL;
+
+    if (initializeExecutableMemoryAllocator)
+    {
+        g_executableMemoryAllocator.Initialize();
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/***
+ *
+ * VIRTUALCleanup()
+ *      Deletes this section's critical section.
+ *
+ */
+extern "C"
+void VIRTUALCleanup()
+{
+    PCMI pEntry;
+    PCMI pTempEntry;
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    // Clean up the allocated memory.
+    pEntry = pVirtualMemory;
+    while ( pEntry )
+    {
+        WARN( "The memory at %d was not freed through a call to VirtualFree.\n",
+              pEntry->startBoundary );
+        free(pEntry->pAllocState);
+        free(pEntry->pProtectionState );
+        pTempEntry = pEntry;
+        pEntry = pEntry->pNext;
+        free(pTempEntry );
+    }
+    pVirtualMemory = NULL;
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    TRACE( "Deleting the Virtual Critical Sections. \n" );
+    DeleteCriticalSection( &virtual_critsec );
+}
+
+/***
+ *
+ *  VIRTUALContainsInvalidProtectionFlags()
+ *          Returns TRUE if an invalid flag is specified. FALSE otherwise.
+ */
+static BOOL VIRTUALContainsInvalidProtectionFlags( IN DWORD flProtect )
+{
+    if ( ( flProtect & ~( PAGE_NOACCESS | PAGE_READONLY |
+                          PAGE_READWRITE | PAGE_EXECUTE | PAGE_EXECUTE_READ |
+                          PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/****
+ *
+ * VIRTUALIsPageCommitted
+ *
+ *  SIZE_T nBitToRetrieve - Which page to check.
+ *
+ *  Returns TRUE if committed, FALSE otherwise.
+ *
+ */
+static BOOL VIRTUALIsPageCommitted( SIZE_T nBitToRetrieve, CONST PCMI pInformation )
+{
+    SIZE_T nByteOffset = 0;
+    UINT nBitOffset = 0;
+    UINT byteMask = 0;
+
+    if ( !pInformation )
+    {
+        ERROR( "pInformation was NULL!\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    nByteOffset = nBitToRetrieve / CHAR_BIT;
+    nBitOffset = nBitToRetrieve % CHAR_BIT;
+
+    byteMask = 1 << nBitOffset;
+    
+    if ( pInformation->pAllocState[ nByteOffset ] & byteMask )
+    {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+}
+
+/*********
+ *
+ *  VIRTUALGetAllocationType
+ *
+ *      IN SIZE_T Index - The page within the range to retrieve 
+ *                      the state for.
+ *
+ *      IN pInformation - The virtual memory object.
+ *
+ */
+static INT VIRTUALGetAllocationType( SIZE_T Index, CONST PCMI pInformation )
+{
+    if ( VIRTUALIsPageCommitted( Index, pInformation ) )
+    {
+        return MEM_COMMIT;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return MEM_RESERVE;
+    }
+}
+
+/****
+ *
+ * VIRTUALSetPageBits
+ *
+ *  IN UINT nStatus - Bit set / reset [0: reset, any other value: set].
+ *  IN SIZE_T nStartingBit - The bit to set.
+ *
+ *  IN SIZE_T nNumberOfBits - The range of bits to set.
+ *  IN BYTE* pBitArray - A pointer the array to be manipulated.
+ *
+ *  Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
+ *  Turn on/off memory status bits.
+ *         
+ */
+static BOOL VIRTUALSetPageBits ( UINT nStatus, SIZE_T nStartingBit, 
+                                 SIZE_T nNumberOfBits, BYTE * pBitArray )
+{
+    /* byte masks for optimized modification of partial bytes (changing less 
+       than 8 bits in a single byte). note that bits are treated in little 
+       endian order : value 1 is bit 0; value 128 is bit 7. in the binary 
+       representations below, bit 0 is on the right */
+
+    /* start masks : for modifying bits >= n while preserving bits < n. 
+       example : if nStartignBit%8 is 3, then bits 0, 1, 2 remain unchanged 
+       while bits 3..7 are changed; startmasks[3] can be used for this.  */
+    static const BYTE startmasks[8] = {
+      0xff, /* start at 0 : 1111 1111 */
+      0xfe, /* start at 1 : 1111 1110 */
+      0xfc, /* start at 2 : 1111 1100 */
+      0xf8, /* start at 3 : 1111 1000 */
+      0xf0, /* start at 4 : 1111 0000 */
+      0xe0, /* start at 5 : 1110 0000 */
+      0xc0, /* start at 6 : 1100 0000 */
+    0x80  /* start at 7 : 1000 0000 */
+    };
+
+    /* end masks : for modifying bits <= n while preserving bits > n. 
+       example : if the last bit to change is 5, then bits 6 & 7 stay unchanged 
+       while bits 1..5 are changed; endmasks[5] can be used for this.  */
+    static const BYTE endmasks[8] = {
+      0x01, /* end at 0 : 0000 0001 */
+      0x03, /* end at 1 : 0000 0011 */
+      0x07, /* end at 2 : 0000 0111 */
+      0x0f, /* end at 3 : 0000 1111 */
+      0x1f, /* end at 4 : 0001 1111 */
+      0x3f, /* end at 5 : 0011 1111 */
+      0x7f, /* end at 6 : 0111 1111 */
+      0xff  /* end at 7 : 1111 1111 */
+    };
+    /* last example : if only the middle of a byte must be changed, both start 
+       and end masks can be combined (bitwise AND) to obtain the correct mask. 
+       if we want to change bits 2 to 4 : 
+       startmasks[2] : 0xfc   1111 1100  (change 2,3,4,5,6,7)
+       endmasks[4]:    0x1f   0001 1111  (change 0,1,2,3,4)
+       bitwise AND :   0x1c   0001 1100  (change 2,3,4)
+    */
+    
+    BYTE byte_mask;
+    SIZE_T nLastBit;
+    SIZE_T nFirstByte;
+    SIZE_T nLastByte;
+    SIZE_T nFullBytes;
+
+    TRACE( "VIRTUALSetPageBits( nStatus = %d, nStartingBit = %d, "
+           "nNumberOfBits = %d, pBitArray = 0x%p )\n", 
+           nStatus, nStartingBit, nNumberOfBits, pBitArray ); 
+
+    if ( 0 == nNumberOfBits )
+    {
+        ERROR( "nNumberOfBits was 0!\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    nLastBit = nStartingBit+nNumberOfBits-1;
+    nFirstByte = nStartingBit / 8;
+    nLastByte = nLastBit / 8;
+
+    /* handle partial first byte (if any) */
+    if(0 != (nStartingBit % 8))
+    {
+        byte_mask = startmasks[nStartingBit % 8];
+
+        /* if 1st byte is the only changing byte, combine endmask to preserve 
+           trailing bits (see 3rd example above) */
+        if( nLastByte == nFirstByte)
+        {
+            byte_mask &= endmasks[nLastBit % 8];
+        }
+
+        /* byte_mask contains 1 for bits to change, 0 for bits to leave alone */
+        if(0 == nStatus)
+        {
+            /* bits to change must be set to 0 : invert byte_mask (giving 0 for 
+               bits to change), use bitwise AND */
+            pBitArray[nFirstByte] &= ~byte_mask;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* bits to change must be set to 1 : use bitwise OR */
+            pBitArray[nFirstByte] |= byte_mask;
+        }
+
+        /* stop right away if only 1 byte is being modified */
+        if(nLastByte == nFirstByte)
+        {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        /* we're done with the 1st byte; skip over it */
+        nFirstByte++;
+    }
+
+    /* number of bytes to change, excluding the last byte (handled separately)*/
+    nFullBytes = nLastByte - nFirstByte;
+
+    if(0 != nFullBytes)
+    {
+        // Turn off/on dirty bits
+        memset( &(pBitArray[nFirstByte]), (0 == nStatus) ? 0 : 0xFF, nFullBytes );
+    }
+
+    /* handle last (possibly partial) byte */
+    byte_mask = endmasks[nLastBit % 8];
+
+    /* byte_mask contains 1 for bits to change, 0 for bits to leave alone */
+    if(0 == nStatus)
+    {
+        /* bits to change must be set to 0 : invert byte_mask (giving 0 for 
+           bits to change), use bitwise AND */
+        pBitArray[nLastByte] &= ~byte_mask;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* bits to change must be set to 1 : use bitwise OR */
+        pBitArray[nLastByte] |= byte_mask;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/****
+ *
+ * VIRTUALSetAllocState
+ *
+ *  IN UINT nAction - Which action to perform.
+ *  IN SIZE_T nStartingBit - The bit to set.
+ *
+ *  IN SIZE_T nNumberOfBits - The range of bits to set.
+ *  IN PCMI pStateArray - A pointer the array to be manipulated.
+ *
+ *  Returns TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise.
+ *  Turn bit on to indicate committed, turn bit off to indicate reserved.
+ *         
+ */
+static BOOL VIRTUALSetAllocState( UINT nAction, SIZE_T nStartingBit, 
+                           SIZE_T nNumberOfBits, CONST PCMI pInformation )
+{
+    TRACE( "VIRTUALSetAllocState( nAction = %d, nStartingBit = %d, "
+           "nNumberOfBits = %d, pStateArray = 0x%p )\n", 
+           nAction, nStartingBit, nNumberOfBits, pInformation ); 
+
+    if ( !pInformation )
+    {
+        ERROR( "pInformation was invalid!\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return VIRTUALSetPageBits((MEM_COMMIT == nAction) ? 1 : 0, nStartingBit, 
+                              nNumberOfBits, pInformation->pAllocState);
+}
+
+/****
+ *
+ * VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( )
+ *
+ *          IN UINT_PTR address - The address to look for.
+ *
+ *          Returns the PCMI if found, NULL otherwise.
+ */
+static PCMI VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( IN UINT_PTR address ) 
+{
+    PCMI pEntry = NULL;
+    
+    TRACE( "VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( %#x )\n", address );
+
+    pEntry = pVirtualMemory;
+    
+    while( pEntry )
+    {
+        if ( pEntry->startBoundary > address )
+        {
+            /* Gone past the possible location in the list. */
+            pEntry = NULL;
+            break;
+        }
+        if ( pEntry->startBoundary + pEntry->memSize > address ) 
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        pEntry = pEntry->pNext;
+    }
+    return pEntry;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    VIRTUALReleaseMemory
+    
+    Removes a PCMI entry from the list.
+    
+    Returns true on success. FALSE otherwise.
+--*/
+static BOOL VIRTUALReleaseMemory( PCMI pMemoryToBeReleased )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = TRUE;
+    
+    if ( !pMemoryToBeReleased )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Invalid pointer.\n" );
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if ( pMemoryToBeReleased == pVirtualMemory )
+    {
+        /* This is either the first entry, or the only entry. */
+        pVirtualMemory = pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext;
+        if ( pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext )
+        {
+            pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext->pPrevious = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* Could be anywhere in the list. */
+    {
+        /* Delete the entry from the linked list. */
+        if ( pMemoryToBeReleased->pPrevious )
+        {
+            pMemoryToBeReleased->pPrevious->pNext = pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext;
+        }
+        
+        if ( pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext )
+        {
+            pMemoryToBeReleased->pNext->pPrevious = pMemoryToBeReleased->pPrevious;
+        }
+    }
+
+    free( pMemoryToBeReleased->pAllocState );
+    pMemoryToBeReleased->pAllocState = NULL;
+
+    free( pMemoryToBeReleased->pProtectionState );
+    pMemoryToBeReleased->pProtectionState = NULL;
+
+    free( pMemoryToBeReleased );
+    pMemoryToBeReleased = NULL;
+
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+/****
+ *  VIRTUALConvertWinFlags() - 
+ *          Converts win32 protection flags to
+ *          internal VIRTUAL flags.
+ *
+ */
+static BYTE VIRTUALConvertWinFlags( IN DWORD flProtect )
+{
+    BYTE MemAccessControl = 0;
+
+    switch ( flProtect & 0xff )
+    {
+    case PAGE_NOACCESS :
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_NOACCESS;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_READONLY :
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_READONLY;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_READWRITE :
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_READWRITE;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE :
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_EXECUTE;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE_READ :
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READ;
+        break;
+    case PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE:
+        MemAccessControl = VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
+        break;
+    
+    default :
+        MemAccessControl = 0;
+        ERROR( "Incorrect or no protection flags specified.\n" );
+        break;
+    }
+    return MemAccessControl;
+}
+
+/****
+ *  VIRTUALConvertVirtualFlags() - 
+ *              Converts internal virtual protection
+ *              flags to their win32 counterparts.
+ */
+static DWORD VIRTUALConvertVirtualFlags( IN BYTE VirtualProtect )
+{
+    DWORD MemAccessControl = 0;
+
+    if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_READONLY )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_READONLY;
+    }
+    else if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_READWRITE )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_READWRITE;
+    }
+    else if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READWRITE )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
+    }
+    else if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_EXECUTE_READ )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_EXECUTE_READ;
+    }
+    else if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_EXECUTE )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_EXECUTE;
+    }
+    else if ( VirtualProtect == VIRTUAL_NOACCESS )
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = PAGE_NOACCESS;
+    }
+
+    else
+    {
+        MemAccessControl = 0;
+        ERROR( "Incorrect or no protection flags specified.\n" );
+    }
+    return MemAccessControl;
+}
+
+/***
+ *  Displays the linked list.
+ *
+ */
+#if defined _DEBUG
+static void VIRTUALDisplayList( void  )
+{
+    if (!DBG_ENABLED(DLI_TRACE, defdbgchan))
+        return;
+
+    PCMI p;
+    SIZE_T count;
+    SIZE_T index;
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    p = pVirtualMemory;
+    count = 0;
+    while ( p ) {
+
+        DBGOUT( "Entry %d : \n", count );
+        DBGOUT( "\t startBoundary %#x \n", p->startBoundary );
+        DBGOUT( "\t memSize %d \n", p->memSize );
+
+        DBGOUT( "\t pAllocState " );
+        for ( index = 0; index < p->memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE; index++)
+        {
+            DBGOUT( "[%d] ", VIRTUALGetAllocationType( index, p ) );
+        }
+        DBGOUT( "\t pProtectionState " );
+        for ( index = 0; index < p->memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE; index++ )
+        {
+            DBGOUT( "[%d] ", (UINT)p->pProtectionState[ index ] );
+        }
+        DBGOUT( "\n" );
+        DBGOUT( "\t accessProtection %d \n", p->accessProtection );
+        DBGOUT( "\t allocationType %d \n", p->allocationType );
+        DBGOUT( "\t pNext %p \n", p->pNext );
+        DBGOUT( "\t pLast %p \n", p->pPrevious );
+
+        count++;
+        p = p->pNext;
+    }
+    
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void VerifyRightEntry(PCMI pEntry)
+{
+    volatile PCMI pRight = pEntry->pNext;
+    SIZE_T endAddress;
+    if (pRight != nullptr)
+    {
+        endAddress = ((SIZE_T)pEntry->startBoundary) + pEntry->memSize;
+        _ASSERTE(endAddress <= (SIZE_T)pRight->startBoundary);
+    }
+}
+
+void VerifyLeftEntry(PCMI pEntry)
+{
+    volatile PCMI pLeft = pEntry->pPrevious;
+    SIZE_T endAddress;
+    if (pLeft != NULL)
+    {
+        endAddress = ((SIZE_T)pLeft->startBoundary) + pLeft->memSize;
+        _ASSERTE(endAddress <= (SIZE_T)pEntry->startBoundary);
+    }
+}
+#endif // DEBUG
+
+/****
+ *  VIRTUALStoreAllocationInfo()
+ *
+ *      Stores the allocation information in the linked list.
+ *      NOTE: The caller must own the critical section.
+ */
+static BOOL VIRTUALStoreAllocationInfo( 
+            IN UINT_PTR startBoundary,  /* Start of the region. */
+            IN SIZE_T memSize,          /* Size of the region. */
+            IN DWORD flAllocationType,  /* Allocation Types. */
+            IN DWORD flProtection )     /* Protections flags on the memory. */
+{
+    PCMI pNewEntry       = nullptr;
+    PCMI pMemInfo        = nullptr;
+    SIZE_T nBufferSize   = 0;
+
+    if ((memSize & VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("The memory size was not a multiple of the page size. \n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!(pNewEntry = (PCMI)InternalMalloc(sizeof(*pNewEntry))))
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory for the structure.\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    pNewEntry->startBoundary    = startBoundary;
+    pNewEntry->memSize          = memSize;
+    pNewEntry->allocationType   = flAllocationType;
+    pNewEntry->accessProtection = flProtection;
+
+    nBufferSize = memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE / CHAR_BIT;
+    if ((memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE) % CHAR_BIT != 0)
+    {
+        nBufferSize++;
+    }
+
+    pNewEntry->pAllocState      = (BYTE*)InternalMalloc(nBufferSize);
+    pNewEntry->pProtectionState = (BYTE*)InternalMalloc((memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE));
+
+    if (pNewEntry->pAllocState && pNewEntry->pProtectionState)
+    {
+        /* Set the intial allocation state, and initial allocation protection. */
+        VIRTUALSetAllocState(MEM_RESERVE, 0, nBufferSize * CHAR_BIT, pNewEntry);
+        memset(pNewEntry->pProtectionState,
+               VIRTUALConvertWinFlags(flProtection),
+               memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory for the structure.\n");
+
+        if (pNewEntry->pProtectionState) free(pNewEntry->pProtectionState);
+        pNewEntry->pProtectionState = nullptr;
+
+        if (pNewEntry->pAllocState) free(pNewEntry->pAllocState);
+        pNewEntry->pAllocState = nullptr;
+
+        free(pNewEntry);
+        pNewEntry = nullptr;
+
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    pMemInfo = pVirtualMemory;
+
+    if (pMemInfo && pMemInfo->startBoundary < startBoundary)
+    {
+        /* Look for the correct insert point */
+        TRACE("Looking for the correct insert location.\n");
+        while (pMemInfo->pNext && (pMemInfo->pNext->startBoundary < startBoundary))
+        {
+            pMemInfo = pMemInfo->pNext;
+        }
+
+        pNewEntry->pNext = pMemInfo->pNext;
+        pNewEntry->pPrevious = pMemInfo;
+
+        if (pNewEntry->pNext)
+        {
+            pNewEntry->pNext->pPrevious = pNewEntry;
+        }
+
+        pMemInfo->pNext = pNewEntry;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* This is the first entry in the list. */
+        pNewEntry->pNext = pMemInfo;
+        pNewEntry->pPrevious = nullptr;
+
+        if (pNewEntry->pNext)
+        {
+            pNewEntry->pNext->pPrevious = pNewEntry;
+        }
+
+        pVirtualMemory = pNewEntry ;
+    }
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    VerifyRightEntry(pNewEntry);
+    VerifyLeftEntry(pNewEntry);
+#endif // DEBUG
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/******
+ *
+ *  VIRTUALReserveMemory() - Helper function that actually reserves the memory.
+ *
+ *      NOTE: I call SetLastError in here, because many different error states
+ *              exists, and that would be very complicated to work around.
+ *
+ */
+static LPVOID VIRTUALReserveMemory(
+                IN CPalThread *pthrCurrent, /* Currently executing thread */
+                IN LPVOID lpAddress,        /* Region to reserve or commit */
+                IN SIZE_T dwSize,           /* Size of Region */
+                IN DWORD flAllocationType,  /* Type of allocation */
+                IN DWORD flProtect)         /* Type of access protection */
+{
+    LPVOID pRetVal      = NULL;
+    UINT_PTR StartBoundary;
+    SIZE_T MemSize;
+
+    TRACE( "Reserving the memory now..\n");
+
+    // First, figure out where we're trying to reserve the memory and
+    // how much we need. On most systems, requests to mmap must be
+    // page-aligned and at multiples of the page size.
+    StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress & ~BOUNDARY_64K;
+    /* Add the sizes, and round down to the nearest page boundary. */
+    MemSize = ( ((UINT_PTR)lpAddress + dwSize + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK ) - 
+               StartBoundary;
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    // If this is a request for special executable (JIT'ed) memory then, first of all,
+    // try to get memory from the executable memory allocator to satisfy the request.
+    if (((flAllocationType & MEM_RESERVE_EXECUTABLE) != 0) && (lpAddress == NULL))
+    {
+        pRetVal = g_executableMemoryAllocator.AllocateMemory(MemSize);
+    }
+
+    if (pRetVal == NULL)
+    {
+        // Try to reserve memory from the OS
+        pRetVal = ReserveVirtualMemory(pthrCurrent, (LPVOID)StartBoundary, MemSize);
+    }
+
+    if (pRetVal != NULL)
+    {
+        if ( !lpAddress )
+        {
+            /* Compute the real values instead of the null values. */
+            StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)pRetVal & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+            MemSize = ( ((UINT_PTR)pRetVal + dwSize + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK ) -
+                      StartBoundary;
+        }
+
+        if ( !VIRTUALStoreAllocationInfo( StartBoundary, MemSize,
+                                   flAllocationType, flProtect ) )
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to store the structure in the list.\n");
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            munmap( pRetVal, MemSize );
+            pRetVal = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LogVaOperation(
+        VirtualMemoryLogging::VirtualOperation::Reserve,
+        lpAddress,
+        dwSize,
+        flAllocationType,
+        flProtect,
+        pRetVal,
+        pRetVal != NULL);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+    return pRetVal;
+}
+
+/******
+ *
+ *  ReserveVirtualMemory() - Helper function that is used by Virtual* APIs
+ *  and ExecutableMemoryAllocator to reserve virtual memory from the OS.
+ *
+ */
+static LPVOID ReserveVirtualMemory(
+                IN CPalThread *pthrCurrent, /* Currently executing thread */
+                IN LPVOID lpAddress,        /* Region to reserve or commit */
+                IN SIZE_T dwSize)           /* Size of Region */
+{
+    UINT_PTR StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress;
+    SIZE_T MemSize = dwSize;
+
+    TRACE( "Reserving the memory now.\n");
+
+    // Most platforms will only commit memory if it is dirtied,
+    // so this should not consume too much swap space.
+    int mmapFlags = 0;
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+    // Allocate with vm_allocate first, then map at the fixed address.
+    int result = vm_allocate(mach_task_self(),
+                             &StartBoundary,
+                             MemSize,
+                             ((LPVOID) StartBoundary != nullptr) ? FALSE : TRUE);
+
+    if (result != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ERROR("vm_allocate failed to allocated the requested region!\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    mmapFlags |= MAP_FIXED;
+#endif // HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+    mmapFlags |= MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE;
+
+    LPVOID pRetVal = mmap((LPVOID) StartBoundary,
+                          MemSize,
+                          PROT_NONE,
+                          mmapFlags,
+                          -1 /* fd */,
+                          0  /* offset */);
+
+    if (pRetVal == MAP_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERROR( "Failed due to insufficient memory.\n" );
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+        vm_deallocate(mach_task_self(), StartBoundary, MemSize);
+#endif // HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    /* Check to see if the region is what we asked for. */
+    if (lpAddress != nullptr && StartBoundary != (UINT_PTR)pRetVal)
+    {
+        ERROR("We did not get the region we asked for from mmap!\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+        munmap(pRetVal, MemSize);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+#if MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION
+    if (mprotect(pRetVal, MemSize, PROT_NONE) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("mprotect failed to protect the region!\n");
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS);
+        munmap(pRetVal, MemSize);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+#endif  // MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION
+
+    return pRetVal;
+}
+
+/******
+ *
+ *  VIRTUALCommitMemory() - Helper function that actually commits the memory.
+ *
+ *      NOTE: I call SetLastError in here, because many different error states
+ *              exists, and that would be very complicated to work around.
+ *
+ */
+static LPVOID 
+VIRTUALCommitMemory(
+                IN CPalThread *pthrCurrent, /* Currently executing thread */
+                IN LPVOID lpAddress,        /* Region to reserve or commit */
+                IN SIZE_T dwSize,           /* Size of Region */
+                IN DWORD flAllocationType,  /* Type of allocation */
+                IN DWORD flProtect)         /* Type of access protection */
+{
+    UINT_PTR StartBoundary      = 0;
+    SIZE_T MemSize              = 0;
+    PCMI pInformation           = 0;
+    LPVOID pRetVal              = NULL;
+    BOOL IsLocallyReserved      = FALSE;
+    SIZE_T totalPages;
+    INT allocationType, curAllocationType;
+    INT protectionState, curProtectionState;
+    SIZE_T initialRunStart;
+    SIZE_T runStart;
+    SIZE_T runLength;
+    SIZE_T index;
+    INT nProtect;
+    INT vProtect;
+
+    if ( lpAddress )
+    {
+        StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+        /* Add the sizes, and round down to the nearest page boundary. */
+        MemSize = ( ((UINT_PTR)lpAddress + dwSize + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK ) - 
+                  StartBoundary;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        MemSize = ( dwSize + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK ) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+    }
+
+    /* See if we have already reserved this memory. */
+    pInformation = VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( StartBoundary );
+    
+    if ( !pInformation )
+    {
+        /* According to the new MSDN docs, if MEM_COMMIT is specified,
+        and the memory is not reserved, you reserve and then commit.
+        */
+        LPVOID pReservedMemory = 
+                VIRTUALReserveMemory( pthrCurrent, lpAddress, dwSize, 
+                                      flAllocationType, flProtect );
+        
+        TRACE( "Reserve and commit the memory!\n " );
+
+        if ( pReservedMemory )
+        {
+            /* Re-align the addresses and try again to find the memory. */
+            StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)pReservedMemory & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+            MemSize = ( ((UINT_PTR)pReservedMemory + dwSize + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) 
+                        & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK ) - StartBoundary;
+            
+            pInformation = VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( StartBoundary );
+
+            if ( !pInformation )
+            {
+                ASSERT( "Unable to locate the region information.\n" );
+                pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+                pRetVal = NULL;
+                goto done;
+            }
+            IsLocallyReserved = TRUE;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to reserve the memory.\n" );
+            /* Don't set last error here, it will already be set. */
+            pRetVal = NULL;
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+               
+    TRACE( "Committing the memory now..\n");
+    
+    // Pages that aren't already committed need to be committed. Pages that
+    // are committed don't need to be committed, but they might need to have
+    // their permissions changed.
+    // To get this right, we find runs of pages with similar states and
+    // permissions. If a run is not committed, we commit it and then set 
+    // its permissions. If a run is committed but has different permissions 
+    // from what we're trying to set, we set its permissions. Finally, 
+    // if a run is already committed and has the right permissions, 
+    // we don't need to do anything to it.
+    
+    totalPages = MemSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+    runStart = (StartBoundary - pInformation->startBoundary) /
+                VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;   // Page index
+    initialRunStart = runStart;
+    allocationType = VIRTUALGetAllocationType(runStart, pInformation);
+    protectionState = pInformation->pProtectionState[runStart];
+    curAllocationType = allocationType;
+    curProtectionState = protectionState;
+    runLength = 1;
+    nProtect = W32toUnixAccessControl(flProtect);
+    vProtect = VIRTUALConvertWinFlags(flProtect);
+
+    if (totalPages > pInformation->memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE - runStart)
+    {
+        ERROR("Trying to commit beyond the end of the region!\n");
+        goto error;
+    }
+
+    while(runStart < initialRunStart + totalPages)
+    {
+        // Find the next run of pages
+        for(index = runStart + 1; index < initialRunStart + totalPages;
+            index++)
+        {
+            curAllocationType = VIRTUALGetAllocationType(index, pInformation);
+            curProtectionState = pInformation->pProtectionState[index];
+            if (curAllocationType != allocationType ||
+                curProtectionState != protectionState)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            runLength++;
+        }
+
+        StartBoundary = pInformation->startBoundary + runStart * VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+        MemSize = runLength * VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        if (allocationType != MEM_COMMIT)
+        {
+            // Commit the pages
+            if (mprotect((void *) StartBoundary, MemSize, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ) != 0)
+            {
+                ERROR("mprotect() failed! Error(%d)=%s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            VIRTUALSetAllocState(MEM_COMMIT, runStart, runLength, pInformation);
+
+            if (nProtect == (PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ))
+            {
+                // Handle this case specially so we don't bother
+                // mprotect'ing the region.
+                memset(pInformation->pProtectionState + runStart,
+                       vProtect, runLength);
+            }
+
+            protectionState = VIRTUAL_READWRITE;
+        }
+
+        if (protectionState != vProtect)
+        {
+            // Change permissions.
+            if (mprotect((void *) StartBoundary, MemSize, nProtect) != -1)
+            {
+                memset(pInformation->pProtectionState + runStart,
+                       vProtect, runLength);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ERROR("mprotect() failed! Error(%d)=%s\n",
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+
+        runStart = index;
+        runLength = 1;
+        allocationType = curAllocationType;
+        protectionState = curProtectionState;
+    }
+
+    pRetVal = (void *) (pInformation->startBoundary + initialRunStart * VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+    goto done;
+
+error:
+    if ( flAllocationType & MEM_RESERVE || IsLocallyReserved )
+    {
+        munmap( pRetVal, MemSize );
+        if ( VIRTUALReleaseMemory( pInformation ) == FALSE )
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to remove the PCMI entry from the list.\n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            pRetVal = NULL;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        pInformation = NULL;
+        pRetVal = NULL;
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    LogVaOperation(
+        VirtualMemoryLogging::VirtualOperation::Commit,
+        lpAddress,
+        dwSize,
+        flAllocationType,
+        flProtect,
+        pRetVal,
+        pRetVal != NULL);
+
+    return pRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  VirtualAlloc
+
+Note:
+  MEM_TOP_DOWN, MEM_PHYSICAL, MEM_WRITE_WATCH are not supported.
+  Unsupported flags are ignored.
+  
+  Page size on i386 is set to 4k.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+VirtualAlloc(
+         IN LPVOID lpAddress,       /* Region to reserve or commit */
+         IN SIZE_T dwSize,          /* Size of Region */
+         IN DWORD flAllocationType, /* Type of allocation */
+         IN DWORD flProtect)        /* Type of access protection */
+{
+    LPVOID  pRetVal       = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(VirtualAlloc);
+    ENTRY("VirtualAlloc(lpAddress=%p, dwSize=%u, flAllocationType=%#x, \
+          flProtect=%#x)\n", lpAddress, dwSize, flAllocationType, flProtect);
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if ( ( flAllocationType & MEM_WRITE_WATCH )  != 0 )
+    {
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* Test for un-supported flags. */
+    if ( ( flAllocationType & ~( MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE | MEM_TOP_DOWN | MEM_RESERVE_EXECUTABLE ) ) != 0 )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "flAllocationType can be one, or any combination of MEM_COMMIT, \
+               MEM_RESERVE, MEM_TOP_DOWN, or MEM_RESERVE_EXECUTABLE.\n" );
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if ( VIRTUALContainsInvalidProtectionFlags( flProtect ) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "flProtect can be one of PAGE_READONLY, PAGE_READWRITE, or \
+               PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE || PAGE_NOACCESS. \n" );
+
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto done;
+    }
+    if ( flAllocationType & MEM_TOP_DOWN )
+    {
+        WARN( "Ignoring the allocation flag MEM_TOP_DOWN.\n" );
+    }
+
+    LogVaOperation(
+        VirtualMemoryLogging::VirtualOperation::Allocate,
+        lpAddress,
+        dwSize,
+        flAllocationType,
+        flProtect,
+        NULL,
+        TRUE);
+
+    if ( flAllocationType & MEM_RESERVE ) 
+    {
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+        pRetVal = VIRTUALReserveMemory( pthrCurrent, lpAddress, dwSize, flAllocationType, flProtect );
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+        if ( !pRetVal )
+        {
+            /* Error messages are already displayed, just leave. */
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( flAllocationType & MEM_COMMIT )
+    {
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+        if ( pRetVal != NULL )
+        {
+            /* We are reserving and committing. */
+            pRetVal = VIRTUALCommitMemory( pthrCurrent, pRetVal, dwSize, 
+                                    flAllocationType, flProtect );    
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* Just a commit. */
+            pRetVal = VIRTUALCommitMemory( pthrCurrent, lpAddress, dwSize, 
+                                    flAllocationType, flProtect );
+        }
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+    }                      
+    
+done:
+#if defined _DEBUG
+    VIRTUALDisplayList();
+#endif
+    LOGEXIT("VirtualAlloc returning %p\n ", pRetVal  );
+    PERF_EXIT(VirtualAlloc);
+    return pRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  VirtualFree
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+VirtualFree(
+        IN LPVOID lpAddress,    /* Address of region. */
+        IN SIZE_T dwSize,       /* Size of region. */
+        IN DWORD dwFreeType )   /* Operation type. */
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = TRUE;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(VirtualFree);
+    ENTRY("VirtualFree(lpAddress=%p, dwSize=%u, dwFreeType=%#x)\n",
+          lpAddress, dwSize, dwFreeType);
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    /* Sanity Checks. */
+    if ( !lpAddress )
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpAddress cannot be NULL. You must specify the base address of\
+               regions to be de-committed. \n" );
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS );
+        bRetVal = FALSE;
+        goto VirtualFreeExit;
+    }
+
+    if ( !( dwFreeType & MEM_RELEASE ) && !(dwFreeType & MEM_DECOMMIT ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "dwFreeType must contain one of the following: \
+               MEM_RELEASE or MEM_DECOMMIT\n" );
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        bRetVal = FALSE;
+        goto VirtualFreeExit;
+    }
+    /* You cannot release and decommit in one call.*/
+    if ( dwFreeType & MEM_RELEASE && dwFreeType & MEM_DECOMMIT )
+    {
+        ERROR( "MEM_RELEASE cannot be combined with MEM_DECOMMIT.\n" );
+        bRetVal = FALSE;
+        goto VirtualFreeExit;
+    }
+
+    if ( dwFreeType & MEM_DECOMMIT )
+    {
+        UINT_PTR StartBoundary  = 0;
+        SIZE_T MemSize        = 0;
+
+        if ( dwSize == 0 )
+        {
+            ERROR( "dwSize cannot be 0. \n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+        /* 
+         * A two byte range straddling 2 pages caues both pages to be either
+         * released or decommitted. So round the dwSize up to the next page 
+         * boundary and round the lpAddress down to the next page boundary.
+         */
+        MemSize = (((UINT_PTR)(dwSize) + ((UINT_PTR)(lpAddress) & VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) 
+                    + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK);
+
+        StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+
+        PCMI pUnCommittedMem;
+        pUnCommittedMem = VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( StartBoundary );
+        if (!pUnCommittedMem)
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to locate the region information.\n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+
+        TRACE( "Un-committing the following page(s) %d to %d.\n", 
+               StartBoundary, MemSize );
+
+        // Explicitly calling mmap instead of mprotect here makes it
+        // that much more clear to the operating system that we no
+        // longer need these pages.
+        if ( mmap( (LPVOID)StartBoundary, MemSize, PROT_NONE,
+                   MAP_FIXED | MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0 ) != MAP_FAILED )
+        {
+#if (MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION)
+            if (mprotect((LPVOID) StartBoundary, MemSize, PROT_NONE) != 0)
+            {
+                ASSERT("mprotect failed to protect the region!\n");
+                pthrCurrent->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                munmap((LPVOID) StartBoundary, MemSize);
+                bRetVal = FALSE;
+                goto VirtualFreeExit;
+            }
+#endif  // MMAP_ANON_IGNORES_PROTECTION
+
+            SIZE_T index = 0;
+            SIZE_T nNumOfPagesToChange = 0;
+
+            /* We can now commit this memory by calling VirtualAlloc().*/
+            index = (StartBoundary - pUnCommittedMem->startBoundary) / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+            
+            nNumOfPagesToChange = MemSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+            VIRTUALSetAllocState( MEM_RESERVE, index, 
+                                  nNumOfPagesToChange, pUnCommittedMem );
+
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT( "mmap() returned an abnormal value.\n" );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if ( dwFreeType & MEM_RELEASE )
+    {
+        PCMI pMemoryToBeReleased = 
+            VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( (UINT_PTR)lpAddress );
+        
+        if ( !pMemoryToBeReleased )
+        {
+            ERROR( "lpAddress must be the base address returned by VirtualAlloc.\n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+        if ( dwSize != 0 )
+        {
+            ERROR( "dwSize must be 0 if you are releasing the memory.\n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+
+        TRACE( "Releasing the following memory %d to %d.\n", 
+               pMemoryToBeReleased->startBoundary, pMemoryToBeReleased->memSize );
+
+        if ( munmap( (LPVOID)pMemoryToBeReleased->startBoundary, 
+                     pMemoryToBeReleased->memSize ) == 0 )
+        {
+            if ( VIRTUALReleaseMemory( pMemoryToBeReleased ) == FALSE )
+            {
+                ASSERT( "Unable to remove the PCMI entry from the list.\n" );
+                pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+                bRetVal = FALSE;
+                goto VirtualFreeExit;
+            }
+            pMemoryToBeReleased = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT( "Unable to unmap the memory, munmap() returned an abnormal value.\n" );
+            pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            bRetVal = FALSE;
+            goto VirtualFreeExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+VirtualFreeExit:
+
+    LogVaOperation(
+        (dwFreeType & MEM_DECOMMIT) ? VirtualMemoryLogging::VirtualOperation::Decommit 
+                                    : VirtualMemoryLogging::VirtualOperation::Release,
+        lpAddress,
+        dwSize,
+        dwFreeType,
+        0,
+        NULL,
+        bRetVal);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+    LOGEXIT( "VirtualFree returning %s.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
+    PERF_EXIT(VirtualFree);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  VirtualProtect
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+VirtualProtect(
+           IN LPVOID lpAddress,
+           IN SIZE_T dwSize,
+           IN DWORD flNewProtect,
+           OUT PDWORD lpflOldProtect)
+{
+    BOOL     bRetVal = FALSE;
+    PCMI     pEntry = NULL;
+    SIZE_T   MemSize = 0;
+    UINT_PTR StartBoundary = 0;
+    SIZE_T   Index = 0;
+    SIZE_T   NumberOfPagesToChange = 0;
+    SIZE_T   OffSet = 0;
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(VirtualProtect);
+    ENTRY("VirtualProtect(lpAddress=%p, dwSize=%u, flNewProtect=%#x, "
+          "flOldProtect=%p)\n",
+          lpAddress, dwSize, flNewProtect, lpflOldProtect);
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+    
+    StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+    MemSize = (((UINT_PTR)(dwSize) + ((UINT_PTR)(lpAddress) & VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK)
+                + VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK);
+
+    if ( VIRTUALContainsInvalidProtectionFlags( flNewProtect ) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "flProtect can be one of PAGE_NOACCESS, PAGE_READONLY, "
+               "PAGE_READWRITE, PAGE_EXECUTE, PAGE_EXECUTE_READ "
+               ", or PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE. \n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto ExitVirtualProtect;
+    }
+
+    if ( !lpflOldProtect)
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpflOldProtect was invalid.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_NOACCESS );
+        goto ExitVirtualProtect;
+    }
+
+    pEntry = VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( StartBoundary );
+    if ( NULL != pEntry )
+    {
+        /* See if the pages are committed. */
+        Index = OffSet = StartBoundary - pEntry->startBoundary == 0 ?
+             0 : ( StartBoundary - pEntry->startBoundary ) / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+        NumberOfPagesToChange = MemSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        TRACE( "Number of pages to check %d, starting page %d \n", NumberOfPagesToChange, Index );
+
+        for ( ; Index < NumberOfPagesToChange; Index++  )
+        {
+            if ( !VIRTUALIsPageCommitted( Index, pEntry ) )
+            {     
+                ERROR( "You can only change the protection attributes"
+                       " on committed memory.\n" )
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS );
+                goto ExitVirtualProtect;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ( 0 == mprotect( (LPVOID)StartBoundary, MemSize, 
+                   W32toUnixAccessControl( flNewProtect ) ) )
+    {
+        /* Reset the access protection. */
+        TRACE( "Number of pages to change %d, starting page %d \n",
+               NumberOfPagesToChange, OffSet );
+        /*
+         * Set the old protection flags. We only use the first flag, so
+         * if there were several regions with each with different flags only the
+         * first region's protection flag will be returned.
+         */
+        if ( pEntry )
+        {
+            *lpflOldProtect =
+                VIRTUALConvertVirtualFlags( pEntry->pProtectionState[ OffSet ] );
+            
+            memset( pEntry->pProtectionState + OffSet, 
+                    VIRTUALConvertWinFlags( flNewProtect ),
+                    NumberOfPagesToChange );
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *lpflOldProtect = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
+        }
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "%s\n", strerror( errno ) );
+        if ( errno == EINVAL )
+        {
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS );
+        }
+        else if ( errno == EACCES )
+        {
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS );
+        }
+    }
+ExitVirtualProtect:
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+#if defined _DEBUG
+    VIRTUALDisplayList();
+#endif
+    LOGEXIT( "VirtualProtect returning %s.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? "TRUE" : "FALSE" );
+    PERF_EXIT(VirtualProtect);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// Convert a vm_prot_t flag on the Mach kernel to the corresponding memory protection on Windows.
+//
+// Arguments:
+//    protection - Mach protection to be converted
+//
+// Return Value:
+//    Return the corresponding memory protection on Windows (e.g. PAGE_READ_WRITE, etc.)
+//
+
+static DWORD VirtualMapMachProtectToWinProtect(vm_prot_t protection)
+{
+    if (protection & VM_PROT_READ)
+    {
+        if (protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)
+        {
+            if (protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)
+            {
+                return PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return PAGE_READWRITE;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)
+            {
+                return PAGE_EXECUTE_READ;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return PAGE_READONLY;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (protection & VM_PROT_WRITE)
+        {
+            if (protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)
+            {
+                return PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return PAGE_WRITECOPY;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (protection & VM_PROT_EXECUTE)
+            {
+                return PAGE_EXECUTE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                return PAGE_NOACCESS;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void VM_ALLOCATE_VirtualQuery(LPCVOID lpAddress, PMEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer)
+{
+    kern_return_t MachRet;
+    vm_address_t vm_address;
+    vm_size_t vm_size;
+    vm_region_flavor_t vm_flavor;
+    mach_msg_type_number_t infoCnt;
+    mach_port_t object_name;
+#ifdef BIT64
+    vm_region_basic_info_data_64_t info;
+    infoCnt = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT_64;
+    vm_flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_64;
+#else
+    vm_region_basic_info_data_t info;
+    infoCnt = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+    vm_flavor = VM_REGION_BASIC_INFO;
+#endif
+
+    vm_address = (vm_address_t)lpAddress;
+#ifdef BIT64    
+    MachRet = vm_region_64(
+#else
+    MachRet = vm_region(
+#endif
+                        mach_task_self(),
+                        &vm_address,
+                        &vm_size,
+                        vm_flavor,
+                        (vm_region_info_t)&info,
+                        &infoCnt,
+                        &object_name);
+    if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (vm_address > (vm_address_t)lpAddress) {
+        /* lpAddress was pointing into a free region */
+        lpBuffer->State = MEM_FREE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    lpBuffer->BaseAddress = (PVOID)vm_address;
+
+    // We don't actually have any information on the Mach kernel which maps to AllocationProtect.
+    lpBuffer->AllocationProtect = VM_PROT_NONE;
+
+    lpBuffer->RegionSize = (SIZE_T)vm_size;
+
+    if (info.reserved)
+    {
+        lpBuffer->State = MEM_RESERVE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lpBuffer->State = MEM_COMMIT;
+    }
+
+    lpBuffer->Protect = VirtualMapMachProtectToWinProtect(info.protection);
+
+    /* Note that if a mapped region and a private region are adjacent, this
+        will return MEM_PRIVATE but the region size will span
+        both the mapped and private regions. */
+    if (!info.shared)
+    {
+        lpBuffer->Type = MEM_PRIVATE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // What should this be?  It's either MEM_MAPPED or MEM_IMAGE, but without an image list, 
+        // we can't determine which one it is.
+        lpBuffer->Type = MEM_MAPPED;
+    }
+}
+#endif // HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  VirtualQuery
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+SIZE_T
+PALAPI
+VirtualQuery(
+         IN LPCVOID lpAddress,
+         OUT PMEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION lpBuffer,
+         IN SIZE_T dwLength)
+{
+    PCMI     pEntry = NULL;
+    UINT_PTR StartBoundary = 0;
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(VirtualQuery);
+    ENTRY("VirtualQuery(lpAddress=%p, lpBuffer=%p, dwLength=%u)\n",
+          lpAddress, lpBuffer, dwLength);
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    if ( !lpBuffer)
+    {
+        ERROR( "lpBuffer has to be a valid pointer.\n" );
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_NOACCESS );
+        goto ExitVirtualQuery;
+    }
+    if ( dwLength < sizeof( *lpBuffer ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "dwLength cannot be smaller then the size of *lpBuffer.\n" );
+        pthrCurrent->SetLastError( ERROR_BAD_LENGTH );
+        goto ExitVirtualQuery;
+    }
+
+    StartBoundary = (UINT_PTR)lpAddress & ~VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK;
+
+#if MMAP_IGNORES_HINT
+    // Make sure we have memory to map before we try to query it.
+    VIRTUALGetBackingFile(pthrCurrent);
+
+    // If we're suballocating, claim that any memory that isn't in our
+    // suballocated block is already allocated. This keeps callers from
+    // using these results to try to allocate those blocks and failing.
+    if (StartBoundary < (UINT_PTR) gBackingBaseAddress ||
+        StartBoundary >= (UINT_PTR) gBackingBaseAddress + BACKING_FILE_SIZE)
+    {
+        if (StartBoundary < (UINT_PTR) gBackingBaseAddress)
+        {
+            lpBuffer->RegionSize = (UINT_PTR) gBackingBaseAddress - StartBoundary;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lpBuffer->RegionSize = -StartBoundary;
+        }
+        lpBuffer->BaseAddress = (void *) StartBoundary;
+        lpBuffer->State = MEM_COMMIT;
+        lpBuffer->Type = MEM_MAPPED;
+        lpBuffer->AllocationProtect = 0;
+        lpBuffer->Protect = 0;
+        goto ExitVirtualQuery;
+    }
+#endif  // MMAP_IGNORES_HINT
+
+    /* Find the entry. */
+    pEntry = VIRTUALFindRegionInformation( StartBoundary );
+
+    if ( !pEntry )
+    {
+        /* Can't find a match, or no list present. */
+        /* Next, looking for this region in file maps */
+        if (!MAPGetRegionInfo((LPVOID)StartBoundary, lpBuffer))
+        { 
+            // When all else fails, call vm_region() if it's available.
+
+            // Initialize the State to be MEM_FREE, in which case AllocationBase, AllocationProtect, 
+            // Protect, and Type are all undefined.
+            lpBuffer->BaseAddress = (LPVOID)StartBoundary;
+            lpBuffer->RegionSize = 0;
+            lpBuffer->State = MEM_FREE;
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+            VM_ALLOCATE_VirtualQuery(lpAddress, lpBuffer);
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Starting page. */
+        SIZE_T Index = ( StartBoundary - pEntry->startBoundary ) / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+
+        /* Attributes to check for. */
+        BYTE AccessProtection = pEntry->pProtectionState[ Index ];
+        INT AllocationType = VIRTUALGetAllocationType( Index, pEntry );
+        SIZE_T RegionSize = 0;
+
+        TRACE( "Index = %d, Number of Pages = %d. \n",
+               Index, pEntry->memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE );
+
+        while ( Index < pEntry->memSize / VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE &&
+                VIRTUALGetAllocationType( Index, pEntry ) == AllocationType &&
+                pEntry->pProtectionState[ Index ] == AccessProtection )
+        {
+            RegionSize += VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+            Index++;
+        }
+
+        TRACE( "RegionSize = %d.\n", RegionSize );
+
+        /* Fill the structure.*/
+        lpBuffer->AllocationProtect = pEntry->accessProtection;
+        lpBuffer->BaseAddress = (LPVOID)StartBoundary;
+
+        lpBuffer->Protect = AllocationType == MEM_COMMIT ?
+            VIRTUALConvertVirtualFlags( AccessProtection ) : 0;
+
+        lpBuffer->RegionSize = RegionSize;
+        lpBuffer->State =
+            ( AllocationType == MEM_COMMIT ? MEM_COMMIT : MEM_RESERVE );
+        WARN( "Ignoring lpBuffer->Type. \n" );
+    }
+
+ExitVirtualQuery:
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &virtual_critsec);
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "VirtualQuery returning %d.\n", sizeof( *lpBuffer ) );
+    PERF_EXIT(VirtualQuery);
+    return sizeof( *lpBuffer );
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetWriteWatch
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+UINT 
+PALAPI 
+GetWriteWatch(
+  IN DWORD dwFlags,
+  IN PVOID lpBaseAddress,
+  IN SIZE_T dwRegionSize,
+  OUT PVOID *lpAddresses,
+  IN OUT PULONG_PTR lpdwCount,
+  OUT PULONG lpdwGranularity
+)
+{
+    // TODO: implement this method
+    *lpAddresses = NULL;
+    *lpdwCount = 0;
+    // Until it is implemented, return non-zero value as an indicator of failure
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ResetWriteWatch
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+UINT 
+PALAPI 
+ResetWriteWatch(
+  IN LPVOID lpBaseAddress,
+  IN SIZE_T dwRegionSize
+)
+{
+    // TODO: implement this method
+    // Until it is implemented, return non-zero value as an indicator of failure
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    ReserveMemoryFromExecutableAllocator
+
+    This function is used to reserve a region of virual memory (not commited)
+    that is located close to the coreclr library. The memory comes from the virtual
+    address range that is managed by ExecutableMemoryAllocator.
+--*/
+void* ReserveMemoryFromExecutableAllocator(CPalThread* pThread, SIZE_T allocationSize)
+{
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &virtual_critsec);
+    void* mem = g_executableMemoryAllocator.AllocateMemory(allocationSize);
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &virtual_critsec);
+
+    return mem;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ExecutableMemoryAllocator::Initialize()
+
+    This function initializes the allocator. It should be called early during process startup
+    (when process address space is pretty much empty) in order to have a chance to reserve
+    sufficient amount of memory that is close to the coreclr library.
+
+--*/
+void ExecutableMemoryAllocator::Initialize()
+{
+    m_startAddress = NULL;
+    m_nextFreeAddress = NULL;
+    m_totalSizeOfReservedMemory = 0;
+    m_remainingReservedMemory = 0;
+
+    // Enable the executable memory allocator on 64-bit platforms only
+    // because 32-bit platforms have limited amount of virtual address space.
+#ifdef BIT64
+    TryReserveInitialMemory();
+#endif // BIT64
+
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ExecutableMemoryAllocator::TryReserveInitialMemory()
+
+    This function is called during PAL initialization. It opportunistically tries to reserve
+    a large chunk of virtual memory that can be later used to store JIT'ed code.\
+
+--*/
+void ExecutableMemoryAllocator::TryReserveInitialMemory()
+{
+    CPalThread* pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    int32_t sizeOfAllocation = MaxExecutableMemorySize;
+    int32_t startAddressIncrement;
+    UINT_PTR startAddress;
+    UINT_PTR coreclrLoadAddress;
+    const int32_t MemoryProbingIncrement = 128 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+    // Try to find and reserve an available region of virtual memory that is located
+    // within 2GB range (defined by the MaxExecutableMemorySize constant) from the
+    // location of the coreclr library.
+    // Potentially, as a possible future improvement, we can get precise information
+    // about available memory ranges by parsing data from '/proc/self/maps'.
+    // But since this code is called early during process startup, the user address space
+    // is pretty much empty so the simple algorithm that is implemented below is sufficient
+    // for this purpose.
+
+    // First of all, we need to determine the current address of libcoreclr. Please note that depending on
+    // the OS implementation, the library is usually loaded either at the end or at the start of the user
+    // address space. If the library is loaded at low addresses then try to reserve memory above libcoreclr
+    // (thus avoiding reserving memory below 4GB; besides some operating systems do not allow that).
+    // If libcoreclr is loaded at high addresses then try to reserve memory below its location.
+    coreclrLoadAddress = (UINT_PTR)PAL_GetSymbolModuleBase((void*)VirtualAlloc);
+    if ((coreclrLoadAddress < 0xFFFFFFFF) || ((coreclrLoadAddress - MaxExecutableMemorySize) < 0xFFFFFFFF))
+    {
+        // Try to allocate above the location of libcoreclr
+        startAddress = coreclrLoadAddress + CoreClrLibrarySize;
+        startAddressIncrement = MemoryProbingIncrement;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Try to allocate below the location of libcoreclr
+        startAddress = coreclrLoadAddress - MaxExecutableMemorySize;
+        startAddressIncrement = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Do actual memory reservation.
+    do
+    {
+        m_startAddress = ReserveVirtualMemory(pthrCurrent, (void*)startAddress, sizeOfAllocation);
+        if (m_startAddress != NULL)
+        {
+            // Memory has been successfully reserved.
+            m_totalSizeOfReservedMemory = sizeOfAllocation;
+
+            // Randomize the location at which we start allocating from the reserved memory range.
+            int32_t randomOffset = GenerateRandomStartOffset();
+            m_nextFreeAddress = (void*)(((UINT_PTR)m_startAddress) + randomOffset);
+            m_remainingReservedMemory = sizeOfAllocation - randomOffset;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Try to allocate a smaller region
+        sizeOfAllocation -= MemoryProbingIncrement;
+        startAddress += startAddressIncrement;
+
+    } while (sizeOfAllocation >= MemoryProbingIncrement);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ExecutableMemoryAllocator::AllocateMemory
+
+    This function attempts to allocate the requested amount of memory from its reserved virtual
+    address space. The function will return NULL if the allocation request cannot
+    be satisfied by the memory that is currently available in the allocator.
+
+    Note: This function MUST be called with the virtual_critsec lock held.
+
+--*/
+void* ExecutableMemoryAllocator::AllocateMemory(SIZE_T allocationSize)
+{
+    void* allocatedMemory = NULL;
+
+    // Allocation size must be in multiples of the virtual page size.
+    _ASSERTE((allocationSize & VIRTUAL_PAGE_MASK) == 0);
+
+    // The code below assumes that the caller owns the virtual_critsec lock.
+    // So the calculations are not done in thread-safe manner.
+    if ((allocationSize > 0) && (allocationSize <= m_remainingReservedMemory))
+    {
+        allocatedMemory = m_nextFreeAddress;
+        m_nextFreeAddress = (void*)(((UINT_PTR)m_nextFreeAddress) + allocationSize);
+        m_remainingReservedMemory -= allocationSize;
+
+    }
+
+    return allocatedMemory;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ExecutableMemoryAllocator::GenerateRandomStartOffset()
+
+    This function returns a random offset (in multiples of the virtual page size)
+    at which the allocator should start allocating memory from its reserved memory range.
+
+--*/
+int32_t ExecutableMemoryAllocator::GenerateRandomStartOffset()
+{
+    int32_t pageCount;
+    const int32_t MaxStartPageOffset = 64;
+
+    // This code is similar to what coreclr runtime does on Windows.
+    // It generates a random number of pages to skip between 0...MaxStartPageOffset.
+    srandom(time(NULL));
+    pageCount = (int32_t)(MaxStartPageOffset * (int64_t)random() / RAND_MAX);
+
+    return pageCount * VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/memory/heap.cpp b/src/pal/src/memory/heap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5757da83b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/memory/heap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    heap.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of heap memory management functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include <errno.h>
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MEM);
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MEM)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+#define DUMMY_HEAP 0x01020304
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  RtlMoveMemory
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+RtlMoveMemory(
+          IN PVOID Destination,
+          IN CONST VOID *Source,
+          IN SIZE_T Length)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(RtlMoveMemory);
+    ENTRY("RtlMoveMemory(Destination:%p, Source:%p, Length:%d)\n", 
+          Destination, Source, Length);
+    
+    memmove(Destination, Source, Length);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("RtlMoveMemory returning\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(RtlMoveMemory);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  RtlZeroMemory
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+RtlZeroMemory(
+    PVOID Destination,
+    SIZE_T Length
+)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(RtlZeroMemory);
+    ENTRY("RtlZeroMemory(Destination:%p, Length:%x)\n", Destination, Length);
+    
+    memset(Destination, 0, Length);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("RtlZeroMemory returning.\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(RtlZeroMemory);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  HeapCreate
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+HeapCreate(
+	       IN DWORD flOptions,
+	       IN SIZE_T dwInitialSize,
+	       IN SIZE_T dwMaximumSize)
+{
+    HANDLE ret = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(HeapCreate);
+    ENTRY("HeapCreate(flOptions=%#x, dwInitialSize=%u, dwMaximumSize=%u)\n",
+        flOptions, dwInitialSize, dwMaximumSize);
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if ((flOptions & 0x40005) != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid flOptions\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+    }
+    else if (flOptions != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("No support for flOptions\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+    }
+    else if (dwMaximumSize)
+    {
+        ERROR("Zone implementation does not support a max size\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ret = (HANDLE)malloc_create_zone(dwInitialSize, 0 /* flags */);
+    }
+    
+#else // __APPLE__
+    ret = (HANDLE)DUMMY_HEAP;
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+    LOGEXIT("HeapCreate returning HANDLE %p\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(HeapCreate);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetProcessHeap
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+GetProcessHeap(
+	       VOID)
+{
+    HANDLE ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetProcessHeap);
+    ENTRY("GetProcessHeap()\n");
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#if HEAP_HANDLES_ARE_REAL_HANDLES
+#error
+#else
+    malloc_zone_t *pZone = malloc_default_zone();
+    ret = (HANDLE)pZone;
+#endif // HEAP_HANDLES_ARE_REAL_HANDLES
+#else
+    ret = (HANDLE) DUMMY_HEAP;
+#endif
+  
+    LOGEXIT("GetProcessHeap returning HANDLE %p\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetProcessHeap);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  HeapAlloc
+
+Abstract
+  Implemented as wrapper over malloc
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+HeapAlloc(
+    IN HANDLE hHeap,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags,
+    IN SIZE_T numberOfBytes)
+{
+    BYTE *pMem;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(HeapAlloc);
+    ENTRY("HeapAlloc (hHeap=%p, dwFlags=%#x, numberOfBytes=%u)\n",
+          hHeap, dwFlags, numberOfBytes);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap == NULL)
+#else // __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap != (HANDLE) DUMMY_HEAP)
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid heap handle\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        LOGEXIT("HeapAlloc returning NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(HeapAlloc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    if ((dwFlags != 0) && (dwFlags != HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid parameter dwFlags=%#x\n", dwFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        LOGEXIT("HeapAlloc returning NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(HeapAlloc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    // This is patterned off of InternalMalloc in malloc.cpp.
+    {
+        pMem = (BYTE *)malloc_zone_malloc((malloc_zone_t *)hHeap, numberOfBytes);
+    }
+#else // __APPLE__
+    pMem = (BYTE *) PAL_malloc(numberOfBytes);
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+
+    if (pMem == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not enough memory\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        LOGEXIT("HeapAlloc returning NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(HeapAlloc);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* If the HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY flag is set initialize to zero */
+    if (dwFlags == HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY)
+    {
+        memset(pMem, 0, numberOfBytes);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("HeapAlloc returning LPVOID %p\n", pMem);
+    PERF_EXIT(HeapAlloc);
+    return (pMem);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  HeapFree
+
+Abstract
+  Implemented as wrapper over free
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+HeapFree(
+    IN HANDLE hHeap,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags,
+    IN LPVOID lpMem)
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(HeapFree);
+    ENTRY("HeapFree (hHeap=%p, dwFlags = %#x, lpMem=%p)\n", 
+          hHeap, dwFlags, lpMem);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap == NULL)
+#else // __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap != (HANDLE) DUMMY_HEAP)
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid heap handle\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (dwFlags != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid parameter dwFlags=%#x\n", dwFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (!lpMem)
+    {
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    bRetVal = TRUE;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    {
+        malloc_zone_free((malloc_zone_t *)hHeap, lpMem);
+    }
+#else // __APPLE__
+    PAL_free (lpMem);
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT( "HeapFree returning BOOL %d\n", bRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(HeapFree);
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  HeapReAlloc
+
+Abstract
+  Implemented as wrapper over realloc
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+HeapReAlloc(
+    IN HANDLE hHeap,
+    IN DWORD dwFlags,
+    IN LPVOID lpmem,
+    IN SIZE_T numberOfBytes)
+{
+    BYTE *pMem = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(HeapReAlloc);
+    ENTRY("HeapReAlloc (hHeap=%p, dwFlags=%#x, lpmem=%p, numberOfBytes=%u)\n",
+          hHeap, dwFlags, lpmem, numberOfBytes);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap == NULL)
+#else // __APPLE__
+    if (hHeap != (HANDLE)DUMMY_HEAP)
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid heap handle\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if ((dwFlags != 0))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid parameter dwFlags=%#x\n", dwFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (lpmem == NULL)
+    {
+        WARN("NULL memory pointer to realloc. Do not do anything.\n");
+        /* set LastError back to zero. this appears to be an undocumented
+        behavior in Windows, in doesn't cost much to match it */
+        SetLastError(0);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if(numberOfBytes == 0)
+    {
+        // PAL's realloc behaves like free for a requested size of zero bytes. Force a nonzero size to get a valid pointer.
+        numberOfBytes = 1;
+    }
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    // This is patterned off of InternalRealloc in malloc.cpp.
+    {
+        pMem = (BYTE *) malloc_zone_realloc((malloc_zone_t *)hHeap, lpmem, numberOfBytes);
+    }
+#else // __APPLE__
+    pMem = (BYTE *) PAL_realloc(lpmem, numberOfBytes);
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+
+    if (pMem == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Not enough memory\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("HeapReAlloc returns LPVOID %p\n", pMem);
+    PERF_EXIT(HeapReAlloc);
+    return pMem;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+HeapSetInformation(
+        IN OPTIONAL HANDLE HeapHandle,
+        IN HEAP_INFORMATION_CLASS HeapInformationClass,
+        IN PVOID HeapInformation,
+        IN SIZE_T HeapInformationLength)
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/memory/local.cpp b/src/pal/src/memory/local.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a0f40f8c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/memory/local.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    local.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of local memory management functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MEM);
+
+static
+int
+AllocFlagsToHeapAllocFlags (IN  UINT  AllocFlags,
+                       OUT PUINT pHeapallocFlags)
+{
+    int success = 1;
+    UINT newFlags = 0, flags = AllocFlags;
+    if (flags & LMEM_ZEROINIT) {
+        newFlags |= HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY;
+        flags &= ~LMEM_ZEROINIT;
+    }
+    if (flags != 0) {
+        ASSERT("Invalid parameter AllocFlags=0x%x\n", AllocFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        success = 0;
+    }
+    if (success) {
+        *pHeapallocFlags = newFlags;
+    }
+    return success;
+}
+        
+    
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LocalAlloc
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HLOCAL
+PALAPI
+LocalAlloc(
+	   IN UINT uFlags,
+	   IN SIZE_T uBytes)
+{
+    LPVOID lpRetVal = NULL;
+    PERF_ENTRY(LocalAlloc);
+    ENTRY("LocalAlloc (uFlags=%#x, uBytes=%u)\n", uFlags, uBytes);
+
+    if (!AllocFlagsToHeapAllocFlags (uFlags, &uFlags)) {
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    lpRetVal = HeapAlloc( GetProcessHeap(), uFlags, uBytes );
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT( "LocalAlloc returning %p.\n", lpRetVal );
+    PERF_EXIT(LocalAlloc);
+    return (HLOCAL) lpRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+LocalReAlloc
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HLOCAL
+PALAPI
+LocalReAlloc(
+       IN HLOCAL hMem,
+       IN SIZE_T uBytes,
+       IN UINT   uFlags)
+{
+    LPVOID lpRetVal = NULL;
+    PERF_ENTRY(LocalReAlloc);
+    ENTRY("LocalReAlloc (hMem=%p, uBytes=%u, uFlags=%#x)\n", hMem, uBytes, uFlags);
+
+    if (uFlags != LMEM_MOVEABLE) {
+        // Currently valid iff uFlags is LMEM_MOVEABLE
+        ASSERT("Invalid parameter uFlags=0x%x\n", uFlags);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    uFlags = 0;
+
+    lpRetVal = HeapReAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), uFlags, hMem, uBytes);
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("LocalReAlloc returning %p.\n", lpRetVal);
+    PERF_EXIT(LocalReAlloc);
+    return (HLOCAL)lpRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LocalFree
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HLOCAL
+PALAPI
+LocalFree(
+	  IN HLOCAL hMem)
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(LocalFree);
+    ENTRY("LocalFree (hmem=%p)\n", hMem);
+
+    if ( hMem )
+    {
+        bRetVal = HeapFree( GetProcessHeap(), 0, hMem );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        bRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT( "LocalFree returning %p.\n", bRetVal == TRUE ? (HLOCAL)NULL : hMem );
+    PERF_EXIT(LocalFree);
+    return bRetVal == TRUE ? (HLOCAL)NULL : hMem;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/dbgmsg.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/dbgmsg.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..488e61494e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/dbgmsg.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,968 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    misc/dbgmsg.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Implementation of Debug Message utilies. Relay channel information,
+    output functions, etc.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+/* PAL headers */
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+
+/* standard headers */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <pthread.h> /* for pthread_self */
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+/* <stdarg.h> needs to be included after "palinternal.h" to avoid name 
+   collision for va_start and va_end */
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/* append mode file I/O is safer */
+#define _PAL_APPEND_DBG_OUTPUT_
+
+#if defined(_PAL_APPEND_DBG_OUTPUT_)
+static const char FOPEN_FLAGS[] = "at";
+#else
+static const char FOPEN_FLAGS[] = "wt";
+#endif
+
+/* number of ENTRY nesting levels to indicate with a '.' */
+#define MAX_NESTING 50
+
+/* size of output buffer (arbitrary) */
+#define DBG_BUFFER_SIZE 20000
+
+/* global and static variables */
+
+LPCWSTR W16_NULLSTRING = (LPCWSTR) "N\0U\0L\0L\0\0";
+ 
+DWORD dbg_channel_flags[DCI_LAST];
+BOOL g_Dbg_asserts_enabled;
+
+/* we must use stdio functions directly rather that rely on PAL functions for
+  output, because those functions do tracing and we need to avoid recursion */
+FILE *output_file = NULL;
+
+/* master switch for debug channel enablement, to be modified by debugger */
+Volatile<BOOL> dbg_master_switch = TRUE;
+
+
+static const char *dbg_channel_names[]=
+{
+    "PAL",
+    "LOADER",
+    "HANDLE",
+    "SHMEM",
+    "PROCESS",
+    "THREAD",
+    "EXCEPT",
+    "CRT",
+    "UNICODE",
+    "ARCH",
+    "SYNC",
+    "FILE",
+    "VIRTUAL",
+    "MEM",
+    "SOCKET",
+    "DEBUG",
+    "LOCALE",
+    "MISC",
+    "MUTEX",
+    "CRITSEC",
+    "POLL",
+    "CRYPT",
+    "SHFOLDER"
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+  , "SXS"
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+};
+
+static const char *dbg_level_names[]=
+{
+    "ENTRY",
+    "TRACE",
+    "WARN",
+    "ERROR",
+    "ASSERT",
+    "EXIT"
+};
+
+static const char ENV_FILE[]="PAL_API_TRACING";
+static const char ENV_CHANNELS[]="PAL_DBG_CHANNELS";
+static const char ENV_ASSERTS[]="PAL_DISABLE_ASSERTS";
+static const char ENV_ENTRY_LEVELS[]="PAL_API_LEVELS";
+
+/* per-thread storage for ENTRY tracing level */
+static pthread_key_t entry_level_key;
+
+/* entry level limitation */
+static int max_entry_level;
+
+/* character to use for ENTRY indentation */
+static const char INDENT_CHAR = '.';
+
+static BOOL DBG_get_indent(DBG_LEVEL_ID level, const char *format, 
+                           char *indent_string);
+
+static CRITICAL_SECTION fprintf_crit_section;
+
+/* Function definitions */
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_init_channels
+
+    Parse environment variables PAL_DBG_CHANNELS and PAL_API_TRACING for debug
+    channel settings; initialize static variables.
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+BOOL DBG_init_channels(void)
+{
+    INT i;
+    LPSTR env_string;
+    LPSTR env_workstring;
+    LPSTR env_pcache;
+    LPSTR entry_ptr;
+    LPSTR level_ptr;
+    CHAR plus_or_minus;
+    DWORD flag_mask = 0;
+    int ret;
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&fprintf_crit_section);
+
+    /* output only asserts by default [only affects no-vararg-support case; if 
+       we have varargs, these flags aren't even checked for ASSERTs] */
+    for(i=0;i<DCI_LAST;i++)
+        dbg_channel_flags[i]=1<<DLI_ASSERT;
+
+    /* parse PAL_DBG_CHANNELS environment variable */
+
+    env_string = EnvironGetenv(ENV_CHANNELS);
+    env_pcache = env_workstring = env_string;
+
+    while(env_workstring)
+    {
+        entry_ptr=env_workstring;
+
+        /* find beginning of next entry */
+        while((*entry_ptr != '\0') &&(*entry_ptr != '+') && (*entry_ptr != '-'))
+        {
+            entry_ptr++;
+        }
+        
+        /* break if end of string is reached */
+        if(*entry_ptr == '\0')
+        {
+           break;
+        }
+        
+        plus_or_minus=*entry_ptr++;
+
+        /* find end of entry; if strchr returns NULL, we have reached the end
+           of the string and we will leave the loop at the end of this pass. */
+        env_workstring=strchr(entry_ptr,':');
+
+        /* NULL-terminate entry, make env_string point to rest of string */
+        if(env_workstring)
+        {
+            *env_workstring++='\0';
+        }
+        
+        /* find period that separates channel name from level name */
+        level_ptr=strchr(entry_ptr,'.');
+
+        /* an entry with no period is illegal : ignore it */
+        if(!level_ptr)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        /* NULL-terminate channel name, make level_ptr point to the level name */
+        *level_ptr++='\0';
+
+        /* build the flag mask based on requested level */
+
+        /* if "all" level is specified, we want to open/close all levels at
+           once, so mask is either all ones or all zeroes */
+        if(!strcmp(level_ptr,"all"))
+        {
+            if(plus_or_minus=='+')
+            {
+                flag_mask=0xFFFF;  /* OR this to open all levels */
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                flag_mask=0;       /* AND this to close all levels*/
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for(i=0;i<DLI_LAST;i++)
+            {
+                if(!strcmp(level_ptr,dbg_level_names[i]))
+                {
+                    if(plus_or_minus=='+')
+                    {
+                        flag_mask=1<<i;     /* OR this to open the level */
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        flag_mask=~(1<<i);  /* AND this to close the level */
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            /* didn't find a matching level : skip it. */
+            if(i==DLI_LAST)
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        /* Set EXIT and ENTRY channels to be identical */
+        if(!(flag_mask & (1<<DLI_ENTRY)))
+        {
+            flag_mask = flag_mask & (~(1<<DLI_EXIT));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            flag_mask = flag_mask | (1<<DLI_EXIT);
+        }
+
+        /* apply the flag mask to the specified channel */
+
+        /* if "all" channel is specified, apply mask to all channels */
+        if(!strcmp(entry_ptr,"all"))
+        {
+            if(plus_or_minus=='+')
+            {
+                for(i=0;i<DCI_LAST;i++)
+                {
+                    dbg_channel_flags[i] |= flag_mask; /* OR to open levels*/
+                }
+            } 
+            else
+            {
+                for(i=0;i<DCI_LAST;i++)
+                {
+                    dbg_channel_flags[i] &= flag_mask; /* AND to close levels */
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for(i=0;i<DCI_LAST;i++)
+            {
+                if(!strcmp(entry_ptr,dbg_channel_names[i]))
+                {
+                    if(plus_or_minus=='+')
+                    {
+                        dbg_channel_flags[i] |= flag_mask;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        dbg_channel_flags[i] &= flag_mask;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            /* ignore the entry if the channel name is unknown */
+        }
+        /* done processing this entry; on to the next. */
+    }
+    PAL_free(env_pcache);
+
+    /* select output file */
+    env_string = EnvironGetenv(ENV_FILE);
+    if(env_string && *env_string!='\0')
+    {
+        if(!strcmp(env_string, "stderr"))
+        {
+            output_file = stderr;
+        }
+        else if(!strcmp(env_string, "stdout"))
+        {
+            output_file = stdout;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            output_file = fopen(env_string,FOPEN_FLAGS);
+
+            /* if file can't be opened, default to stderr */
+            if(!output_file)
+            {
+                output_file = stderr;
+                fprintf(stderr, "Can't open %s for writing : debug messages "
+                        "will go to stderr. Check your PAL_API_TRACING "
+                        "variable!\n", env_string);
+            }
+        }
+    } 
+    else 
+    {
+        output_file = stderr; /* output to stderr by default */
+    }
+
+    if(env_string)
+    {
+        PAL_free(env_string);
+    }
+
+    /* see if we need to disable assertions */
+    env_string = EnvironGetenv(ENV_ASSERTS);
+    if(env_string && 0 == strcmp(env_string,"1"))
+    {
+        g_Dbg_asserts_enabled = FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g_Dbg_asserts_enabled = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if(env_string)
+    {
+        PAL_free(env_string);
+    }
+
+    /* select ENTRY level limitation */
+    env_string = EnvironGetenv(ENV_ENTRY_LEVELS);
+    if(env_string)
+    {
+        max_entry_level = atoi(env_string);
+        PAL_free(env_string);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        max_entry_level = 1;
+    }
+
+    /* if necessary, allocate TLS key for entry nesting level */
+    if(0 != max_entry_level)
+    {
+        if ((ret = pthread_key_create(&entry_level_key,NULL)) != 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : pthread_key_create() failed error:%d (%s)\n", 
+                   ret, strerror(ret));
+            DeleteCriticalSection(&fprintf_crit_section);;
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_close_channels
+
+    Stop outputting debug messages by closing the associated file.
+
+    (no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+void DBG_close_channels()
+{
+    if(output_file && output_file != stderr && output_file != stdout)
+    {
+        if (fclose(output_file) != 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : fclose() failed errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                   errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+
+    output_file = NULL;
+
+    DeleteCriticalSection(&fprintf_crit_section);
+
+    /* if necessary, release TLS key for entry nesting level */
+    if(0 != max_entry_level)
+    {
+        int retval;
+
+        retval = pthread_key_delete(entry_level_key);
+        if(0 != retval)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : pthread_key_delete() returned %d! (%s)\n",
+                    retval, strerror(retval));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+static const void *DBG_get_module_id()
+{
+    static const void *s_module_id = NULL;
+    if (s_module_id == NULL)
+    {
+        Dl_info dl_info;
+        if (dladdr((void *) DBG_get_module_id, &dl_info) == 0 || dl_info.dli_sname == NULL)
+        {
+            s_module_id = (void *) -1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            s_module_id = dl_info.dli_fbase;
+        }
+    }
+    return s_module_id;
+}
+
+#define MODULE_ID DBG_get_module_id,
+#define MODULE_FORMAT "-%p"
+#else
+#define MODULE_ID
+#define MODULE_FORMAT
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_printf_gcc
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function outputs a complete debug message, including the function name.
+
+Parameters :
+    DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel : debug channel to use
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level : debug message level
+    BOOL bHeader : whether or not to output message header (thread id, etc)
+    LPSTR function : current function
+    LPSTR file : current file
+    INT line : line number
+    LPSTR format, ... : standard printf parameter list.
+
+Return Value :
+    always 1.
+
+Notes :
+    This version is for gnu compilers that support variable-argument macros
+    and the __FUNCTION__ pseudo-macro.
+
+--*/
+int DBG_printf_gcc(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPCSTR function, LPCSTR file, INT line, LPCSTR format, ...)
+{
+    CHAR *buffer = (CHAR*)alloca(DBG_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    CHAR indent[MAX_NESTING+1];
+    LPSTR buffer_ptr;
+    INT output_size;
+    va_list args;
+    void *thread_id;
+    int old_errno = 0;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    old_errno = errno;
+
+    if(!DBG_get_indent(level, format, indent))
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    thread_id = (void *)THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    if(bHeader)
+    {
+        /* Print file instead of function name for ENTRY messages, because those
+           already include the function name */
+        /* also print file name for ASSERTs, to match Win32 behavior */
+        if( DLI_ENTRY == level || DLI_ASSERT == level || DLI_EXIT == level)
+        {
+            output_size=snprintf(buffer, DBG_BUFFER_SIZE, 
+                                 "{%p" MODULE_FORMAT "} %-5s [%-7s] at %s.%d: ",
+                                 thread_id, MODULE_ID
+                                 dbg_level_names[level], dbg_channel_names[channel], file, line);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            output_size=snprintf(buffer, DBG_BUFFER_SIZE,
+                                 "{%p" MODULE_FORMAT "} %-5s [%-7s] at %s.%d: ",
+                                 thread_id, MODULE_ID
+                                 dbg_level_names[level], dbg_channel_names[channel], function, line);
+        }
+        
+        if(output_size + 1 > DBG_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : buffer overflow in DBG_printf_gcc");
+            return 1;
+        }
+        
+        buffer_ptr=buffer+output_size;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        buffer_ptr = buffer;
+        output_size = 0;
+    }
+
+    va_start(args, format);
+
+    output_size+=Silent_PAL_vsnprintf(buffer_ptr, DBG_BUFFER_SIZE-output_size,
+                                      format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    if( output_size > DBG_BUFFER_SIZE )
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : buffer overflow in DBG_printf_gcc");
+    }
+
+    /* Use a Critical section before calling printf code to
+       avoid holding a libc lock while another thread is calling
+       SuspendThread on this one. */
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &fprintf_crit_section);
+    fprintf( output_file, "%s%s", indent, buffer );
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &fprintf_crit_section);
+
+    /* flush the output to file */
+    if ( fflush(output_file) != 0 )
+    {
+        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : fflush() failed errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+
+    // Some systems support displaying a GUI dialog. We attempt this only for asserts.
+    if ( level == DLI_ASSERT )
+        PAL_DisplayDialog("PAL ASSERT", buffer);
+
+    if ( old_errno != errno )
+    {
+        fprintf( stderr,"ERROR: errno changed by DBG_printf_gcc\n" );
+        errno = old_errno;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_printf_c99
+
+    Internal function for debug channels; don't use.
+    This function outputs a complete debug message, without function name.
+
+Parameters :
+    DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel : debug channel to use
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level : debug message level
+    BOOL bHeader : whether or not to output message header (thread id, etc)
+    LPSTR file : current file
+    INT line : line number
+    LPSTR format, ... : standard printf parameter list.
+
+Return Value :
+    always 1.
+
+Notes :
+    This version is for compilers that support the C99 flavor of
+    variable-argument macros but not the gnu flavor, and do not support the
+    __FUNCTION__ pseudo-macro.
+
+--*/
+int DBG_printf_c99(DBG_CHANNEL_ID channel, DBG_LEVEL_ID level, BOOL bHeader,
+                   LPSTR file, INT line, LPSTR format, ...)
+{
+    CHAR *buffer = (CHAR*)alloca(DBG_BUFFER_SIZE);
+    CHAR indent[MAX_NESTING+1];
+    LPSTR buffer_ptr;
+    INT output_size;
+    va_list args;
+    static INT call_count=0;
+    void *thread_id;
+    int old_errno = 0;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    old_errno = errno;
+
+    if(!DBG_get_indent(level, format, indent))
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    thread_id=  (void *)THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    if(bHeader)
+    {
+        output_size=snprintf(buffer, DBG_BUFFER_SIZE, 
+                             "{%p" MODULE_FORMAT "} %-5s [%-7s] at %s.%d: ", thread_id, MODULE_ID
+                             dbg_level_names[level], dbg_channel_names[channel], 
+                             file, line);
+
+        if(output_size + 1 > DBG_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : buffer overflow in DBG_printf_gcc");
+            return 1;
+        }
+        
+        buffer_ptr=buffer+output_size;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        output_size = 0;
+        buffer_ptr = buffer;
+    }
+
+    va_start(args, format);
+    output_size+=Silent_PAL_vsnprintf(buffer_ptr, DBG_BUFFER_SIZE-output_size, 
+                                      format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    if(output_size>DBG_BUFFER_SIZE)
+        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : buffer overflow in DBG_printf_c99");
+
+    /* Use a Critical section before calling printf code to
+       avoid holding a libc lock while another thread is calling
+       SuspendThread on this one. */
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &fprintf_crit_section);
+    fprintf( output_file, "%s", buffer );
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &fprintf_crit_section);
+
+    /* flush the output to file every once in a while */
+    call_count++;
+    if(call_count>5)
+    {
+        call_count=0;
+        if ( fflush(output_file) != 0 )
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : fflush() failed errno:%d (%s)\n", 
+                   errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if ( old_errno != errno )
+    {
+        fprintf( stderr, "ERROR: DBG_printf_c99 changed the errno.\n" );
+        errno = old_errno;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_get_indent
+
+    generate an indentation string to be used for message output
+
+Parameters :                                  
+    DBG_LEVEL_ID level  : level of message (DLI_ENTRY, etc)
+    const char *format  : printf format string of message
+    char *indent_string : destination for indentation string
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if output can proceed, FALSE otherwise
+    
+Notes:
+As a side-effect, this function updates the ENTRY nesting level for the current 
+thread : it decrements it if 'format' contains the string 'return', increments 
+it otherwise (but only if 'level' is DLI_ENTRY). The function will return 
+FALSE if the current nesting level is beyond our treshold (max_nesting_level);
+it always returns TRUE for other message levels
+--*/
+static BOOL DBG_get_indent(DBG_LEVEL_ID level, const char *format, 
+                           char *indent_string)
+{
+    int ret;
+
+    /* determine whether to output an ENTRY line */
+    if(DLI_ENTRY == level||DLI_EXIT == level)
+    {
+        if(0 != max_entry_level)
+        {
+            INT_PTR nesting;
+
+            /* Determine if this is an entry or an
+               exit */
+            if(DLI_EXIT == level)
+            {
+                nesting = (INT_PTR) pthread_getspecific(entry_level_key);
+                /* avoid going negative */
+                if(nesting != 0)
+                {
+                    nesting--;
+                    if ((ret = pthread_setspecific(entry_level_key,
+                                                     (LPVOID)nesting)) != 0)
+                    {
+                        fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : pthread_setspecific() failed "
+                                "error:%d (%s)\n", ret, strerror(ret));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                nesting = (INT_PTR) pthread_getspecific(entry_level_key);
+
+                if ((ret = pthread_setspecific(entry_level_key,
+                                                 (LPVOID)(nesting+1))) != 0)
+                {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : pthread_setspecific() failed "
+                            "error:%d (%s)\n", ret, strerror(ret));
+                }
+            }
+
+            /* see if we're past the level treshold */
+            if(nesting >= max_entry_level)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            /* generate indentation string */
+            if(MAX_NESTING < nesting)
+            {
+                nesting = MAX_NESTING;
+            }
+            memset(indent_string,INDENT_CHAR ,nesting);
+            indent_string[nesting] = '\0';
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            indent_string[0] = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        indent_string[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    DBG_change_entrylevel
+
+    retrieve current ENTRY nesting level and [optionnally] modify it
+
+Parameters :
+    int new_level : value to which the nesting level must be set, or -1
+
+Return value :
+    nesting level at the time the function was called
+    
+Notes:
+if new_level is -1, the nesting level will not be modified
+--*/
+int DBG_change_entrylevel(int new_level)
+{
+    int old_level;
+    int ret;
+
+    if(0 == max_entry_level)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    old_level = PtrToInt(pthread_getspecific(entry_level_key));
+    if(-1 != new_level)
+    {
+        if ((ret = pthread_setspecific(entry_level_key,(LPVOID)(IntToPtr(new_level)))) != 0)
+        {
+            fprintf(stderr, "ERROR : pthread_setspecific() failed "
+                    "error:%d (%s)\n", ret, strerror(ret));
+        }
+    }
+    return old_level;
+}
+
+#if _DEBUG && defined(__APPLE__)
+/*++
+Function:
+    DBG_ShouldCheckStackAlignment
+
+    Wires up stack alignment checks (debug builds only)
+--*/
+static const char * PAL_CHECK_ALIGNMENT_MODE = "PAL_CheckAlignmentMode";
+enum CheckAlignmentMode
+{
+    // special value to indicate we've not initialized yet
+    CheckAlignment_Uninitialized    = -1,
+    
+    CheckAlignment_Off              = 0,
+    CheckAlignment_On               = 1,
+    
+    CheckAlignment_Default          = CheckAlignment_On
+};
+
+bool DBG_ShouldCheckStackAlignment()
+{
+    static CheckAlignmentMode caMode = CheckAlignment_Uninitialized;
+    
+    if (caMode == CheckAlignment_Uninitialized)
+    {
+        char* checkAlignmentSettings;
+        bool shouldFreeCheckAlignmentSettings = false;
+        if (palEnvironment == nullptr)
+        {
+            // This function might be called before the PAL environment is initialized.
+            // In this case, use the system getenv instead.
+            checkAlignmentSettings = ::getenv(PAL_CHECK_ALIGNMENT_MODE);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            checkAlignmentSettings = EnvironGetenv(PAL_CHECK_ALIGNMENT_MODE);
+            shouldFreeCheckAlignmentSettings = true;
+        }
+
+        caMode = checkAlignmentSettings ?
+            (CheckAlignmentMode)atoi(checkAlignmentSettings) : CheckAlignment_Default;
+
+        if (checkAlignmentSettings && shouldFreeCheckAlignmentSettings)
+        {
+            free(checkAlignmentSettings);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    return caMode == CheckAlignment_On;
+}
+#endif // _DEBUG && __APPLE__
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include "CoreFoundation/CFUserNotification.h"
+#include "CoreFoundation/CFString.h"
+#include "Security/AuthSession.h"
+
+static const char * PAL_DISPLAY_DIALOG = "PAL_DisplayDialog";
+enum DisplayDialogMode
+{
+    DisplayDialog_Uninitialized = -1,
+    
+    DisplayDialog_Suppress = 0,
+    DisplayDialog_Show = 1,
+    
+    DisplayDialog_Default = DisplayDialog_Suppress,
+};
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    PAL_DisplayDialog
+
+    Display a simple modal dialog with an alert icon and a single OK button. Caller supplies the title of the
+    dialog and the main text. The dialog is displayed only if the PAL_DisplayDialog environment
+    variable is set to the value "1" and the session has access to the display.
+
+--*/
+void PAL_DisplayDialog(const char *szTitle, const char *szText)
+{
+    static DisplayDialogMode dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Uninitialized;
+    
+    if (dispDialog == DisplayDialog_Uninitialized)
+    {
+        char* displayDialog = EnvironGetenv(PAL_DISPLAY_DIALOG);
+        if (displayDialog)
+        {
+            int i = atoi(displayDialog);
+            free(displayDialog);
+
+            switch (i)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Suppress;
+                break;
+            
+            case 1:
+                dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Show;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                // Asserting here would just be re-entrant. :/
+                dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Default;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Default;
+                
+        if (dispDialog == DisplayDialog_Show)
+        {
+            // We may not be allowed to show.
+            OSStatus osstatus;
+            SecuritySessionId secSession;
+            SessionAttributeBits secSessionInfo;
+
+            osstatus = SessionGetInfo(callerSecuritySession, &secSession, &secSessionInfo);
+            if (noErr != osstatus || (secSessionInfo & sessionHasGraphicAccess) == 0)
+                dispDialog = DisplayDialog_Suppress;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if (dispDialog == DisplayDialog_Suppress)
+        return;
+        
+    CFStringRef cfsTitle = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                                                     szTitle,
+                                                     kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+    if (cfsTitle != NULL)
+    {
+        CFStringRef cfsText = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault,
+                                                        szText,
+                                                        kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+        if (cfsText != NULL)
+        {
+            CFOptionFlags response;
+            CFUserNotificationDisplayAlert(0,               // Never time-out, wait for user to hit 'OK'
+                                           0,               // No flags
+                                           NULL,            // Default icon
+                                           NULL,            // Default sound
+                                           NULL,            // No-localization support for text
+                                           cfsTitle,        // Title for dialog
+                                           cfsText,         // The actual alert text
+                                           NULL,            // Default default button title ('OK')
+                                           NULL,            // No alternate button
+                                           NULL,            // No third button
+                                           &response);      // User's response (discarded)
+            CFRelease(cfsText);
+        }
+        CFRelease(cfsTitle);
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    PAL_DisplayDialogFormatted
+
+    As above but takes a printf-style format string and insertion values to form the main text.
+
+--*/
+void PAL_DisplayDialogFormatted(const char *szTitle, const char *szTextFormat, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+
+    va_start(args, szTextFormat);
+
+    const int cchBuffer = 4096;
+    char *szBuffer = (char*)alloca(cchBuffer);
+    PAL__vsnprintf(szBuffer, cchBuffer, szTextFormat, args);
+    PAL_DisplayDialog(szTitle, szBuffer);
+
+    va_end(args);
+}
+#endif // __APPLE__
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/environ.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/environ.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fed7b69f38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/environ.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1096 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    environ.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of functions manipulating environment variables.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+#if HAVE_CRT_EXTERNS_H
+#include <crt_externs.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+char **palEnvironment = nullptr;
+int palEnvironmentCount = 0;
+int palEnvironmentCapacity = 0;
+
+CRITICAL_SECTION gcsEnvironment;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetEnvironmentVariableA
+
+The GetEnvironmentVariable function retrieves the value of the
+specified variable from the environment block of the calling
+process. The value is in the form of a null-terminated string of
+characters.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpName 
+       [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the environment variable.
+lpBuffer 
+       [out] Pointer to a buffer to receive the value of the specified environment variable.
+nSize 
+       [in] Specifies the size, in TCHARs, of the buffer pointed to by the lpBuffer parameter.
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is the number of TCHARs
+stored into the buffer pointed to by lpBuffer, not including the
+terminating null character.
+
+If the specified environment variable name was not found in the
+environment block for the current process, the return value is zero.
+
+If the buffer pointed to by lpBuffer is not large enough, the return
+value is the buffer size, in TCHARs, required to hold the value string
+and its terminating null character.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetEnvironmentVariableA(
+            IN LPCSTR lpName,
+            OUT LPSTR lpBuffer,
+            IN DWORD nSize)
+{
+    char  *value;
+    DWORD dwRet = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetEnvironmentVariableA);
+    ENTRY("GetEnvironmentVariableA(lpName=%p (%s), lpBuffer=%p, nSize=%u)\n",
+        lpName ? lpName : "NULL",
+        lpName ? lpName : "NULL", lpBuffer, nSize);
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpName is null\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (lpName[0] == 0)
+    {
+        TRACE("lpName is an empty string\n", lpName);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (strchr(lpName, '=') != nullptr)
+    {
+        // GetEnvironmentVariable doesn't permit '=' in variable names.
+        value = nullptr;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Enter the environment critical section so that we can safely get
+        // the environment variable value without EnvironGetenv making an
+        // intermediate copy. We will just copy the string to the output 
+        // buffer anyway, so just stay in the critical section until then.
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+        value = EnvironGetenv(lpName, /* copyValue */ FALSE);
+
+        if (value != nullptr)
+        {
+            DWORD valueLength = strlen(value);
+            if (valueLength < nSize)
+            {
+                strcpy_s(lpBuffer, nSize, value);
+                dwRet = valueLength;
+            }
+            else 
+            {
+                dwRet = valueLength + 1;
+            }
+
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+        }
+
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+    }
+
+    if (value == nullptr)
+    {
+        TRACE("%s is not found\n", lpName);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND);
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetEnvironmentVariableA returns DWORD 0x%x\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetEnvironmentVariableA);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetEnvironmentVariableW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetEnvironmentVariableW(
+            IN LPCWSTR lpName,
+            OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer,
+            IN DWORD nSize)
+{
+    CHAR *inBuff = nullptr;
+    CHAR *outBuff = nullptr;
+    INT inBuffSize;
+    DWORD size = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetEnvironmentVariableW);
+    ENTRY("GetEnvironmentVariableW(lpName=%p (%S), lpBuffer=%p, nSize=%u)\n",
+          lpName ? lpName : W16_NULLSTRING,
+          lpName ? lpName : W16_NULLSTRING, lpBuffer, nSize);
+
+    inBuffSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName, -1,
+                                     inBuff, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (0 == inBuffSize)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpName has to be a valid parameter\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    inBuff = (CHAR *)PAL_malloc(inBuffSize);
+    if (inBuff == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (nSize)
+    {
+        outBuff = (CHAR *)PAL_malloc(nSize*2);
+        if (outBuff == nullptr)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName, -1, inBuff,
+                                   inBuffSize, nullptr, nullptr))
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    size = GetEnvironmentVariableA(inBuff, outBuff, nSize);
+    if (size > nSize)
+    {
+        TRACE("Insufficient buffer\n");
+    }
+    else if (size == 0)
+    {
+        // handle error in GetEnvironmentVariableA
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, outBuff, -1, lpBuffer, nSize);
+        if (0 != size)
+        {
+            // -1 for the null.
+            size--;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed!\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            size = 0;
+            *lpBuffer = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+
+done:
+    PAL_free(outBuff);
+    PAL_free(inBuff);
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetEnvironmentVariableW returns DWORD 0x%x\n", size);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetEnvironmentVariableW);
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetEnvironmentVariableW
+
+The SetEnvironmentVariable function sets the value of an environment
+variable for the current process.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpName 
+       [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the
+       environment variable whose value is being set. The operating
+       system creates the environment variable if it does not exist
+       and lpValue is not null.
+lpValue
+       [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string containing the new
+       value of the specified environment variable. If this parameter
+       is null, the variable is deleted from the current process's
+       environment.
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
+
+If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error
+information, call GetLastError.
+
+Remarks
+
+This function has no effect on the system environment variables or the
+environment variables of other processes.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetEnvironmentVariableW(
+            IN LPCWSTR lpName,
+            IN LPCWSTR lpValue)
+{
+    PCHAR name = nullptr;
+    PCHAR value = nullptr;
+    INT nameSize = 0;
+    INT valueSize = 0;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetEnvironmentVariableW);
+    ENTRY("SetEnvironmentVariableW(lpName=%p (%S), lpValue=%p (%S))\n",
+        lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+        lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING, lpValue?lpValue:W16_NULLSTRING, lpValue?lpValue:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if ((nameSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName, -1, name, 0, 
+                                        nullptr, nullptr)) == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("WideCharToMultiByte failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    name = (PCHAR)PAL_malloc(sizeof(CHAR)* nameSize);
+    if (name == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    if (0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName,  -1, 
+                                 name,  nameSize, nullptr, nullptr))
+    {
+        ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte returned 0\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (lpValue != nullptr)
+    {
+        if ((valueSize = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpValue, -1, value, 
+                                             0, nullptr, nullptr)) == 0)
+        {
+            ERROR("WideCharToMultiByte failed\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        value = (PCHAR)PAL_malloc(sizeof(CHAR)*valueSize);
+
+        if (value == nullptr)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        if (0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpValue, -1,
+                                     value, valueSize, nullptr, nullptr))
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bRet = SetEnvironmentVariableA(name, value);
+done:
+    PAL_free(value);
+    PAL_free(name);
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetEnvironmentVariableW returning BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetEnvironmentVariableW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetEnvironmentStringsW
+
+The GetEnvironmentStrings function retrieves the environment block for
+the current process.
+
+Parameters
+
+This function has no parameters.
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value is a pointer to an environment block for the current process.
+
+Remarks
+
+The GetEnvironmentStrings function returns a pointer to the
+environment block of the calling process. This should be treated as a
+read-only block; do not modify it directly.  Instead, use the
+GetEnvironmentVariable and SetEnvironmentVariable functions to
+retrieve or change the environment variables within this block. When
+the block is no longer needed, it should be freed by calling
+FreeEnvironmentStrings.
+
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+GetEnvironmentStringsW(
+               VOID)
+{
+    WCHAR *wenviron = nullptr, *tempEnviron;
+    int i, len, envNum;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetEnvironmentStringsW);
+    ENTRY("GetEnvironmentStringsW()\n");
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    envNum = 0;
+    len    = 0;
+
+    /* get total length of the bytes that we need to allocate */
+    for (i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != 0; i++)
+    {
+        len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, palEnvironment[i], -1, wenviron, 0);
+        envNum += len;
+    }
+
+    wenviron = (WCHAR *)PAL_malloc(sizeof(WCHAR)* (envNum + 1));
+    if (wenviron == nullptr) 
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    len = 0;
+    tempEnviron = wenviron;
+    for (i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != 0; i++)
+    {
+        len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, palEnvironment[i], -1, tempEnviron, envNum);
+        tempEnviron += len;
+        envNum      -= len;
+    }
+
+    *tempEnviron = 0; /* Put an extra null at the end */
+
+ EXIT:
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetEnvironmentStringsW returning %p\n", wenviron);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetEnvironmentStringsW);
+    return wenviron;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetEnvironmentStringsA
+
+See GetEnvironmentStringsW.
+
+--*/
+LPSTR
+PALAPI
+GetEnvironmentStringsA(
+               VOID)
+{
+    char *environ = nullptr, *tempEnviron;
+    int i, len, envNum;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetEnvironmentStringsA);
+    ENTRY("GetEnvironmentStringsA()\n");
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    envNum = 0;
+    len    = 0;
+
+    /* get total length of the bytes that we need to allocate */
+    for (i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != 0; i++)
+    {
+        len = strlen(palEnvironment[i]) + 1;
+        envNum += len;
+    }
+
+    environ = (char *)PAL_malloc(envNum + 1);
+    if (environ == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    len = 0;
+    tempEnviron = environ;
+    for (i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != 0; i++)
+    {
+        len = strlen(palEnvironment[i]) + 1;
+        memcpy(tempEnviron, palEnvironment[i], len);
+        tempEnviron += len;
+        envNum      -= len;
+    }
+
+    *tempEnviron = 0; /* Put an extra null at the end */
+
+ EXIT:
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetEnvironmentStringsA returning %p\n", environ);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetEnvironmentStringsA);
+    return environ;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FreeEnvironmentStringsW
+
+The FreeEnvironmentStrings function frees a block of environment strings.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpszEnvironmentBlock   [in] Pointer to a block of environment strings. The pointer to
+                            the block must be obtained by calling the
+                            GetEnvironmentStrings function. 
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.  If the
+function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error
+information, call GetLastError.
+
+Remarks
+
+When GetEnvironmentStrings is called, it allocates memory for a block
+of environment strings. When the block is no longer needed, it should
+be freed by calling FreeEnvironmentStrings.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FreeEnvironmentStringsW(
+            IN LPWSTR lpValue)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(FreeEnvironmentStringsW);
+    ENTRY("FreeEnvironmentStringsW(lpValue=%p (%S))\n", lpValue ? lpValue : W16_NULLSTRING, lpValue ? lpValue : W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    if (lpValue != nullptr)
+    {
+        PAL_free(lpValue);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FreeEnvironmentStringW returning BOOL TRUE\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(FreeEnvironmentStringsW);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FreeEnvironmentStringsA
+
+See FreeEnvironmentStringsW.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+FreeEnvironmentStringsA(
+            IN LPSTR lpValue)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(FreeEnvironmentStringsA);
+    ENTRY("FreeEnvironmentStringsA(lpValue=%p (%s))\n", lpValue ? lpValue : "NULL", lpValue ? lpValue : "NULL");
+
+    if (lpValue != nullptr)
+    {
+        PAL_free(lpValue);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("FreeEnvironmentStringA returning BOOL TRUE\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(FreeEnvironmentStringsA);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetEnvironmentVariableA
+
+The SetEnvironmentVariable function sets the value of an environment
+variable for the current process.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpName
+       [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the
+       environment variable whose value is being set. The operating
+       system creates the environment variable if it does not exist
+       and lpValue is not null.
+lpValue
+       [in] Pointer to a null-terminated string containing the new
+       value of the specified environment variable. If this parameter
+       is null, the variable is deleted from the current process's
+       environment.
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
+
+If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error
+information, call GetLastError.
+
+Remarks
+
+This function has no effect on the system environment variables or the
+environment variables of other processes.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetEnvironmentVariableA(
+            IN LPCSTR lpName,
+            IN LPCSTR lpValue)
+{
+
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    int nResult =0;
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetEnvironmentVariableA);
+    ENTRY("SetEnvironmentVariableA(lpName=%p (%s), lpValue=%p (%s))\n",
+        lpName ? lpName : "NULL", lpName ? lpName : "NULL",
+        lpValue ? lpValue : "NULL", lpValue ? lpValue : "NULL");
+
+    // exit if the input variable name is null
+    if ((lpName == nullptr) || (lpName[0] == 0))
+    {
+        ERROR("lpName is null\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* check if the input value is null and if so
+     * check if the input name is valid and delete
+     * the variable name from process environment */
+    if (lpValue == nullptr)
+    {
+        // We tell EnvironGetenv not to bother with making a copy of the
+        // value since we're not going to use it for anything interesting
+        // apart from checking whether it's null.
+        if ((lpValue = EnvironGetenv(lpName, /* copyValue */ FALSE)) == nullptr)
+        {
+            ERROR("Couldn't find environment variable (%s)\n", lpName);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        EnvironUnsetenv(lpName);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // All the conditions are met. Set the variable.
+        int iLen = strlen(lpName) + strlen(lpValue) + 2;
+        LPSTR string = (LPSTR) PAL_malloc(iLen);
+        if (string == nullptr)
+        {
+            bRet = FALSE;
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate memory\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        sprintf_s(string, iLen, "%s=%s", lpName, lpValue);
+        nResult = EnvironPutenv(string, FALSE) ? 0 : -1;
+
+        PAL_free(string);
+        string = nullptr;
+
+        // If EnvironPutenv returns FALSE, it almost certainly failed to allocate memory.
+        if (nResult == -1)
+        {
+            bRet = FALSE;
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate memory\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("SetEnvironmentVariableA returning BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetEnvironmentVariableA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ResizeEnvironment
+
+Resizes the PAL environment buffer.
+
+Parameters
+
+    newSize 
+           [in] New size of palEnvironment
+
+Return Values
+
+    TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL ResizeEnvironment(int newSize)
+{
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+    if (newSize >= palEnvironmentCount)
+    {
+        // If palEnvironment is null, realloc acts like malloc.
+        char **newEnvironment = (char**)realloc(palEnvironment, newSize * sizeof(char *));
+        if (newEnvironment != nullptr)
+        {
+            // realloc succeeded, so set palEnvironment to what it returned.
+            palEnvironment = newEnvironment;
+            palEnvironmentCapacity = newSize;
+            ret = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("ResizeEnvironment: newSize < current palEnvironmentCount!\n");
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironUnsetenv
+
+Remove the environment variable with the given name from the PAL version
+of the environment if it exists.
+
+Parameters
+
+    name 
+           [in] Name of variable to unset.
+
+--*/
+void EnvironUnsetenv(const char *name)
+{
+    int nameLength = strlen(name);
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    for (int i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != nullptr; ++i)
+    {
+        const char *equalsSignPosition = strchr(palEnvironment[i], '=');
+        if (equalsSignPosition == nullptr)
+        {
+            equalsSignPosition = palEnvironment[i] + strlen(palEnvironment[i]);
+        }
+
+        // Check whether the name of this variable has the same length as the one
+        // we're looking for before proceeding to compare them.
+        if (equalsSignPosition - palEnvironment[i] == nameLength)
+        {
+            if (memcmp(name, palEnvironment[i], nameLength) == 0)
+            {
+                // Free the string we're removing.
+                free(palEnvironment[i]);
+
+                // Move the last environment variable pointer here.
+                palEnvironment[i] = palEnvironment[palEnvironmentCount - 1];
+                palEnvironment[palEnvironmentCount - 1] = nullptr;
+
+                palEnvironmentCount--;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironPutenv
+
+Add the environment variable string provided to the PAL version
+of the environment.
+
+Parameters
+
+    entry
+            [in] The variable string to add. Should be in the format
+                 "name=value", where value might be empty (see below).
+    deleteIfEmpty
+            [in] If this is TRUE, "name=" will unset the 'name' variable.
+
+Return Values
+
+    TRUE on success, FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL EnvironPutenv(const char* entry, BOOL deleteIfEmpty)
+{
+    BOOL result = FALSE;
+
+    bool fOwningCS = false;
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    const char *equalsSignPosition = strchr(entry, '=');
+    if (equalsSignPosition == entry || equalsSignPosition == nullptr)
+    {
+        // "=foo" and "foo" have no meaning
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    char* copy = strdup(entry);
+    if (copy == nullptr)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    int nameLength = equalsSignPosition - entry;
+
+    if (equalsSignPosition[1] == '\0' && deleteIfEmpty)
+    {
+        // "foo=" removes foo from the environment in _putenv() on Windows.
+        // The same string can result from a call to SetEnvironmentVariable()
+        // with the empty string as the value, but in that case we want to
+        // set the variable's value to "". deleteIfEmpty will be FALSE in
+        // that case.
+
+        // Change '=' to '\0'
+        copy[nameLength] = '\0';
+
+        EnvironUnsetenv(copy);
+        free(copy);
+
+        result = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // See if we are replacing an item or adding one.
+
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+        fOwningCS = true;
+
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != nullptr; i++)
+        {
+            const char *existingEquals = strchr(palEnvironment[i], '=');
+            if (existingEquals == nullptr)
+            {
+                // The PAL screens out malformed strings, but the strings which
+                // came from the system during initialization might not have the
+                // equals sign. We treat the entire string as a name in that case.
+                existingEquals = palEnvironment[i] + strlen(palEnvironment[i]);
+            }
+
+            if (existingEquals - palEnvironment[i] == nameLength)
+            {
+                if (memcmp(entry, palEnvironment[i], nameLength) == 0)
+                {
+                    free(palEnvironment[i]);
+                    palEnvironment[i] = copy;
+
+                    result = TRUE;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (palEnvironment[i] == nullptr)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(i < palEnvironmentCapacity);
+            if (i == (palEnvironmentCapacity - 1))
+            {
+                // We found the first null, but it's the last element in our environment
+                // block. We need more space in our environment, so let's double its size.
+                int resizeRet = ResizeEnvironment(palEnvironmentCapacity * 2);
+                if (resizeRet != TRUE)
+                {
+                    free(copy);
+                    goto done;
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ASSERTE(copy != nullptr);
+            palEnvironment[i] = copy;
+            palEnvironment[i + 1] = nullptr;
+            palEnvironmentCount++;
+
+            result = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+done:
+
+    if (fOwningCS)
+    {
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironGetenv
+
+Get the value of environment variable with the given name.
+
+Parameters
+
+    name
+            [in] The name of the environment variable to get.
+    copyValue
+            [in] If this is TRUE, the function will make a copy of the
+                 value and return a pointer to that. Otherwise, it will
+                 return a pointer to the value in the PAL environment
+                 directly. Calling this function with copyValue set to
+                 FALSE is therefore unsafe without taking special pre-
+                 cautions since the pointer may point to garbage later.
+
+Return Value
+
+    A pointer to the value of the environment variable if it exists,
+    or nullptr otherwise.
+
+--*/
+char* EnvironGetenv(const char* name, BOOL copyValue)
+{
+    char *retValue = nullptr;
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    int nameLength = strlen(name);
+    for (int i = 0; palEnvironment[i] != nullptr; ++i)
+    {
+        if (strlen(palEnvironment[i]) < nameLength)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (memcmp(palEnvironment[i], name, nameLength) == 0)
+        {
+            char *equalsSignPosition = palEnvironment[i] + nameLength;
+
+            // If this is one of the variables which has no equals sign, we
+            // treat the whole thing as name, so the value is an empty string.
+            if (*equalsSignPosition == '\0')
+            {
+                retValue = (char *)"";
+                break;
+            }
+            else if (*equalsSignPosition == '=')
+            {
+                retValue = equalsSignPosition + 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((retValue != nullptr) && copyValue)
+    {
+        retValue = strdup(retValue);
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+    return retValue;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironGetSystemEnvironment
+
+Get a pointer to the array of pointers representing the process's
+environment.
+
+See 'man environ' for details.
+
+Return Value
+
+    A pointer to the environment.
+
+--*/
+char** EnvironGetSystemEnvironment()
+{
+    char** sysEnviron;
+
+#if HAVE__NSGETENVIRON
+    sysEnviron = *(_NSGetEnviron());
+#else   // HAVE__NSGETENVIRON
+    extern char **environ;
+    sysEnviron = environ;
+#endif  // HAVE__NSGETENVIRON
+
+    return sysEnviron;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnvironInitialize
+
+Initialization function called from PAL_Initialize.
+
+Note: This is called before debug channels are initialized, so it
+      cannot use debug tracing calls.
+--*/
+BOOL
+EnvironInitialize(void)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&gcsEnvironment);
+
+    CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+
+    char** sourceEnviron = EnvironGetSystemEnvironment();
+
+    int variableCount = 0;
+    while (sourceEnviron[variableCount] != nullptr)
+        variableCount++;
+
+    palEnvironmentCount = 0;
+
+    // We need to decide how much space to allocate. Since we need enough
+    // space for all of the 'n' current environment variables, but we don't
+    // know how many more there will be, we will initially make room for
+    // '2n' variables. If even more are added, we will resize again.
+    // If there are no variables, we will still make room for 1 entry to 
+    // store a nullptr there.
+    int initialSize = (variableCount == 0) ? 1 : variableCount * 2;
+
+    ret = ResizeEnvironment(initialSize);
+    if (ret == TRUE)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(palEnvironment != nullptr);
+        for (int i = 0; i < variableCount; ++i)
+        {
+            palEnvironment[i] = strdup(sourceEnviron[i]);
+            palEnvironmentCount++;
+        }
+
+        // Set the entry after the last variable to null to indicate the end.
+        palEnvironment[variableCount] = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &gcsEnvironment);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+
+Function : _putenv.
+    
+See MSDN for more details.
+
+Note:   The BSD implementation can cause
+        memory leaks. See man pages for more details.
+--*/
+int
+__cdecl 
+_putenv( const char * envstring )
+{
+    int ret = -1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(_putenv);
+    ENTRY( "_putenv( %p (%s) )\n", envstring ? envstring : "NULL", envstring ? envstring : "NULL") ;
+
+    if (envstring != nullptr)
+    {
+        ret = EnvironPutenv(envstring, TRUE) ? 0 : -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "_putenv() called with NULL envstring!\n");
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "_putenv returning %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(_putenv);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+
+Function : PAL_getenv
+    
+See MSDN for more details.
+--*/
+char * __cdecl PAL_getenv(const char *varname)
+{
+    char *retval;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(getenv);
+    ENTRY("getenv (%p (%s))\n", varname ? varname : "NULL", varname ? varname : "NULL");
+
+    if (strcmp(varname, "") == 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("getenv called with a empty variable name\n");
+        LOGEXIT("getenv returning NULL\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(getenv);
+        return(NULL);
+    }
+
+    retval = EnvironGetenv(varname);
+
+    LOGEXIT("getenv returning %p\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(getenv);
+    return(retval);
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/error.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/error.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb483885d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/error.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    error.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of Error management functions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetErrorMode
+
+The SetErrorMode function controls whether the system will handle the
+specified types of serious errors, or whether the process will handle
+them.
+
+Parameters
+
+uMode
+       [in] Specifies the process error mode. This parameter can be one or more of the following values. 
+
+        Value                     Action
+        0                         Use the system default, which is to display all error dialog boxes.
+        SEM_FAILCRITICALERRORS    The system does not display the critical-error-handler message box. Instead,
+                                  the system sends the error to the calling process.
+        SEM_NOOPENFILEERRORBOX    The system does not display a message box when it fails to find a file. Instead,
+                                  the error is returned to the calling process.
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value is the previous state of the error-mode bit flags. 
+
+--*/
+UINT
+PALAPI
+SetErrorMode(
+         IN UINT uMode)
+{
+  PERF_ENTRY(SetErrorMode);
+  ENTRY("SetErrorMode (uMode=%#x)\n", uMode);
+
+  LOGEXIT("SetErrorMode returns UINT 0\n");
+  PERF_EXIT(SetErrorMode);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetLastError
+
+GetLastError
+
+The GetLastError function retrieves the calling thread's last-error
+code value. The last-error code is maintained on a per-thread
+basis. Multiple threads do not overwrite each other's last-error code.
+
+Parameters
+
+This function has no parameters.
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value is the calling thread's last-error code
+value. Functions set this value by calling the SetLastError
+function. The Return Value section of each reference page notes the
+conditions under which the function sets the last-error code.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetLastError(
+         VOID)
+{
+    return CPalThread::GetLastError();
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetLastError
+
+SetLastError
+
+The SetLastError function sets the last-error code for the calling thread.
+
+Parameters
+
+dwErrCode
+       [in] Specifies the last-error code for the thread.
+
+Return Values
+
+This function does not return a value.
+
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+SetLastError(
+         IN DWORD dwErrCode)
+{
+    CPalThread::SetLastError(dwErrCode);
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..22443114ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    errorstrings.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Conversion of PAL error code to string
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "errorstrings.h"
+
+struct ErrorString
+{
+    DWORD code;
+    LPCWSTR const string;
+};
+
+ErrorString palErrorStrings[] =
+{
+    { ERROR_SUCCESS, W("The operation completed successfully.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION, W("Incorrect function.\n") },
+    { ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, W("The system cannot find the file specified.\n") },
+    { ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND, W("The system cannot find the path specified.\n") },
+    { ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES, W("The system cannot open the file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED, W("Access is denied.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE, W("The handle is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY, W("Not enough storage is available to process this command.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_ENVIRONMENT, W("The environment is incorrect.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_FORMAT, W("An attempt was made to load a program with an incorrect format.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS, W("The access code is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_DATA, W("The data is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY, W("Not enough storage is available to complete this operation.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE, W("The system cannot find the drive specified.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES, W("There are no more files.\n") },
+    { ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT, W("The media is write protected.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_READY, W("The device is not ready.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_COMMAND, W("The device does not recognize the command.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_LENGTH, W("The program issued a command but the command length is incorrect.\n") },
+    { ERROR_WRITE_FAULT, W("The system cannot write to the specified device.\n") },
+    { ERROR_READ_FAULT, W("The system cannot read from the specified device.\n") },
+    { ERROR_GEN_FAILURE, W("A device attached to the system is not functioning.\n") },
+    { ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION, W("The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.\n") },
+    { ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION, W("The process cannot access the file because another process has locked a portion of the file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED, W("Too many files opened for sharing.\n") },
+    { ERROR_HANDLE_EOF, W("Reached the end of the file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL, W("The disk is full.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED, W("The request is not supported.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DUP_NAME, W("A duplicate name exists on the network.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_NETPATH, W("The network path was not found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST, W("The specified network resource or device is no longer available.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_NET_NAME, W("The network name cannot be found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_FILE_EXISTS, W("The file exists.\n") },
+    { ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE, W("The directory or file cannot be created.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER, W("The parameter is incorrect.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NET_WRITE_FAULT, W("A write fault occurred on the network.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED, W("The disk is in use or locked by another process.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE, W("The pipe has been ended.\n") },
+    { ERROR_OPEN_FAILED, W("The system cannot open the device or file specified.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW, W("The file name is too long.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DISK_FULL, W("There is not enough space on the disk.\n") },
+    { ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, W("This function is not supported on this system.\n") },
+    { ERROR_SEM_TIMEOUT, W("The semaphore timeout period has expired.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER, W("The data area passed to a system call is too small.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_NAME, W("The filename, directory name, or volume label syntax is incorrect.\n") },
+    { ERROR_MOD_NOT_FOUND, W("The specified module could not be found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_PROC_NOT_FOUND, W("The specified procedure could not be found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN, W("There are no child processes to wait for.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK, W("An attempt was made to move the file pointer before the beginning of the file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE, W("The file pointer cannot be set on the specified device or file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY, W("The directory is not empty.\n") },
+    { ERROR_SIGNAL_REFUSED, W("The recipient process has refused the signal.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_LOCKED, W("The segment is already unlocked.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME, W("The specified path is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BUSY, W("The requested resource is in use.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_ORDINAL, W("The operating system cannot run %1.\n") },
+    { ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS, W("Cannot create a file when that file already exists.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE, W("Cannot run %1 in Win32 mode.\n") },
+    { ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID, W("The operating system cannot run %1.\n") },
+    { ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT, W("%1 is not a valid Win32 application.\n") },
+    { ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND, W("The system could not find the environment option that was entered.\n") },
+    { ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE, W("The filename or extension is too long.\n") },
+    { ERROR_PIPE_BUSY, W("All pipe instances are busy.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NO_DATA,  W("The pipe is being closed\n")},
+    { ERROR_MORE_DATA, W("More data is available.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS, W("No more data is available.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DIRECTORY, W("The directory name is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_OWNER, W("Attempt to release mutex not owned by caller.\n") },
+    { ERROR_PARTIAL_COPY, W("Only part of a ReadProcessMemory or WriteProcessMemory request was completed.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS, W("Attempt to access invalid address.\n") },
+    { ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW, W("Arithmetic result exceeded 32 bits.\n") },
+    { ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED, W("The I/O operation has been aborted because of either a thread exit or an application request.\n") },
+    { ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE, W("Overlapped I/O event is not in a signaled state.\n") },
+    { ERROR_IO_PENDING, W("Overlapped I/O operation is in progress.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOACCESS, W("Invalid access to memory location.\n") },
+    { ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW, W("Recursion too deep; the stack overflowed.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS, W("Invalid flags.\n") },
+    { ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME, W("The volume does not contain a recognized file system.\nPlease make sure that all required file system drivers are loaded and that the volume is not corrupted.\n") },
+    { ERROR_FILE_INVALID, W("The volume for a file has been externally altered so that the opened file is no longer valid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_PROCESS_ABORTED, W("The process terminated unexpectedly.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION, W("No mapping for the Unicode character exists in the target multi-byte code page.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED, W("A dynamic link library (DLL) initialization routine failed.\n") },
+    { ERROR_IO_DEVICE, W("The request could not be performed because of an I/O device error.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DISK_OPERATION_FAILED, W("While accessing the hard disk, a disk operation failed even after retries.\n") },
+    { ERROR_POSSIBLE_DEADLOCK, W("A potential deadlock condition has been detected.\n") },
+    { ERROR_TOO_MANY_LINKS, W("An attempt was made to create more links on a file than the file system supports.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INVALID_DLL, W("One of the library files needed to run this application is damaged.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DLL_NOT_FOUND, W("One of the library files needed to run this application cannot be found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_FOUND, W("Element not found.\n") },
+    { ERROR_CANCELLED, W("The operation was canceled by the user.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NOT_AUTHENTICATED, W("The operation being requested was not performed because the user has not been authenticated.\n") },
+    { ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR, W("An internal error occurred.\n") },
+    { ERROR_FILE_CORRUPT, W("The file or directory is corrupted and unreadable.\n") },
+    { ERROR_DISK_CORRUPT, W("The disk structure is corrupted and unreadable.\n") },
+    { ERROR_WRONG_TARGET_NAME, W("Logon Failure: The target account name is incorrect.\n") },
+    { ERROR_NO_SYSTEM_RESOURCES, W("Insufficient system resources exist to complete the requested service.\n") },
+    { ERROR_COMMITMENT_LIMIT, W("The paging file is too small for this operation to complete.\n") },
+    { ERROR_TIMEOUT, W("This operation returned because the timeout period expired.\n") },
+    { ERROR_EVENTLOG_FILE_CORRUPT, W("The event log file is corrupted.\n") },
+    { ERROR_LOG_FILE_FULL, W("The event log file is full.\n") },
+    { ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE, W("Data of this type is not supported.\n") },
+    { RPC_S_INVALID_VERS_OPTION, W("The version option is invalid.\n") },
+    { ERROR_RESOURCE_DATA_NOT_FOUND, W("The specified image file did not contain a resource section.\n") },
+    { ERROR_RESOURCE_LANG_NOT_FOUND, W("The specified resource language ID cannot be found in the image file.\n") },
+    { ERROR_TAG_NOT_PRESENT, W("A required tag is not present.\n") }
+};
+
+int CompareErrorStrings(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+    DWORD codeA = ((ErrorString *)a)->code;
+    DWORD codeB = ((ErrorString *)b)->code;
+
+    if (codeA < codeB)
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    else if (codeA == codeB)
+    {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+LPCWSTR GetPalErrorString(DWORD code)
+{
+    // Search the sorted set of resources for the ID we're interested in.
+    ErrorString searchEntry = {code, NULL};
+    ErrorString *stringEntry = (ErrorString *)bsearch(
+        &searchEntry,
+        palErrorStrings,
+        sizeof(palErrorStrings) / sizeof(palErrorStrings[0]),
+        sizeof(ErrorString),
+        CompareErrorStrings);
+
+    return (stringEntry != NULL) ? stringEntry->string : NULL;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.h b/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d24f025e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/errorstrings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#ifndef _ERRORSTRINGS_H_
+#define _ERRORSTRINGS_H_
+
+LPCWSTR GetPalErrorString(DWORD code);
+
+#endif // _ERRORSTRINGS_H_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/eventlog.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/eventlog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9eb67ffb1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/eventlog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    eventlog.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    (Rudimentary) implementation of Event Log.
+    
+    Defaults to BSD syslog. On Mac OS X, uses the superior asl.
+    
+    Caviats:
+      * Neither are real handles that you can lock. If that is necessary, the 
+    PAL handle functionality can be used.
+      * Neither are kept in a table so that if you ask for the same event source
+    twice, you get the same handle.
+      * The resource file is not consulted, so we just print out the replacement
+    strings. Fortunately, for the CLR, there's the resources just have the single
+    replacement string.
+
+Revision History:
+
+    5/21/09 -- initial
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#define USE_ASL
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+#ifdef USE_ASL
+#include <asl.h>
+#else // USE_ASL
+#include <syslog.h>
+#endif // USE_ASL else
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+RegisterEventSourceA (
+    IN OPTIONAL LPCSTR lpUNCServerName,
+    IN     LPCSTR lpSourceName
+    )
+{
+    HANDLE hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(RegisterEventSourceA);
+    ENTRY("RegisterEventSourceA(lpUNCServerName=%p (%s), lpSourceName=%p (%s))\n",
+        lpUNCServerName, lpUNCServerName?lpUNCServerName:"NULL",
+        lpSourceName, lpSourceName?lpSourceName:"NULL");
+    
+    if (NULL != lpUNCServerName)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        return hRet;
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL == lpSourceName)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpSourceName has to be a valid parameter\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return hRet;
+    }
+    
+#ifdef USE_ASL
+    // In asl parlance, the EventSource handle is an aslclient; it's not
+    // guaranteed to be the same as a different call to this with the same
+    // source name.
+    aslclient asl = asl_open(lpSourceName, NULL /* facility */, 0 /* opts */);
+    hRet = (HANDLE)asl;
+#else // USE_ASL
+    // In syslog parlance, the EventSource handle is just a string name 
+    // representing the source.
+    size_t sizeSyslogHandle = strlen(lpSourceName) + 1;
+    char *syslogHandle = (char *)PAL_malloc(sizeSyslogHandle);
+    if (syslogHandle)
+    {
+        strcpy_s(syslogHandle, sizeSyslogHandle, lpSourceName);
+        hRet = (HANDLE)syslogHandle;
+    }
+#endif // USE_ASL else
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hRet)
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("RegisterEventSourceA returns %p\n", hRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(RegisterEventSourceA);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+RegisterEventSourceW (
+    IN OPTIONAL LPCWSTR lpUNCServerName,
+    IN     LPCWSTR lpSourceName
+    )
+{
+    HANDLE hRet = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    int     size;
+    CHAR *inBuff = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(RegisterEventSourceW);
+    ENTRY("RegisterEventSourceW(lpUNCServerName=%p (%S), lpSourceName=%p (%S))\n",
+        lpUNCServerName, lpUNCServerName?lpUNCServerName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+        lpSourceName, lpSourceName?lpSourceName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+    
+    if (NULL != lpUNCServerName)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        return hRet;
+    }
+
+    size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpSourceName, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    
+    if (0 == size)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpSourceName has to be a valid parameter\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return hRet;
+    }
+    inBuff = (CHAR *)PAL_malloc(size);
+    if (NULL == inBuff)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc failed\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return hRet;
+    }
+    
+    if (0 == WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpSourceName, -1, inBuff, size, NULL, NULL))
+    {
+        ASSERT( "WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n" );
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+    hRet = RegisterEventSourceA(NULL, inBuff);
+    
+done:
+    PAL_free(inBuff);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("RegisterEventSourceW returns %p\n", hRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(RegisterEventSourceW);
+    return hRet;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+DeregisterEventSource (
+    IN HANDLE hEventLog
+    )
+{
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(DeregisterEventSource)
+    ENTRY("DeregisterEventSource(hEventLog=%p)\n", hEventLog);
+    
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hEventLog ||
+        NULL == hEventLog)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto done;
+    }
+    
+#ifdef USE_ASL
+    asl_close((aslclient)hEventLog);
+#else // USE_ASL
+    PAL_free(hEventLog);
+#endif // USE_ASL else
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+
+    LOGEXIT("DeregisterEventSource returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(DeregisterEventSource);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReportEventA (
+    IN     HANDLE     hEventLog,
+    IN     WORD       wType,
+    IN     WORD       wCategory,
+    IN     DWORD      dwEventID,
+    IN OPTIONAL PSID       lpUserSid,
+    IN     WORD       wNumStrings,
+    IN     DWORD      dwDataSize,
+    IN OPTIONAL LPCSTR *lpStrings,
+    IN OPTIONAL LPVOID lpRawData
+    )
+{
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReportEventA);
+    ENTRY("ReportEventA(hEventLog=%p, wType=0x%hx, wCategory=0x%hx, dwEventID=0x%x, "
+        "lpUserSid=%p, wNumStrings=%hu, dwDataSize=%u, lpStrings=%p, lpRawData=%p)\n",
+        hEventLog, wType, wCategory, dwEventID, lpUserSid, wNumStrings, dwDataSize,
+        lpStrings, lpRawData);
+
+    if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hEventLog)
+    {
+        ERROR("hEventLog has to be a valid parameter\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return bRet;
+    }
+    
+    if (wNumStrings > 0 && NULL == lpStrings)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpStrings has to be a valid parameter if wNumStrings is non-zero\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return bRet;
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != lpUserSid || 0 != dwDataSize || 1 != wNumStrings)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+        return bRet;
+    }
+    
+#ifdef USE_ASL
+    int level;
+    switch (wType)
+    {
+        case EVENTLOG_SUCCESS:
+        case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_SUCCESS:
+            level = ASL_LEVEL_NOTICE;
+            break;
+            
+        case EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE:
+            level = ASL_LEVEL_INFO;
+            break;
+        
+        case EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE:
+        case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_FAILURE:
+            level = ASL_LEVEL_ERR;
+            break;
+            
+        case EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE:
+            level = ASL_LEVEL_WARNING;
+            break;
+            
+        default:
+            ERROR("Unknown RecordEvent type.\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            return bRet;
+    }
+
+    aslmsg msg;
+    msg = asl_new(ASL_TYPE_MSG);
+    int aslRet;
+
+    if (msg)
+    {
+        char szNumber[11];
+        
+        sprintf_s(szNumber, sizeof(szNumber) / sizeof(*szNumber), "%hu", wCategory);
+        aslRet = asl_set(msg, "Category", szNumber);
+        if (aslRet != 0)
+            WARN("Could not set Category %s on aslmsg (%p)", szNumber, msg);
+        sprintf_s(szNumber, sizeof(szNumber) / sizeof(*szNumber), "%u", dwEventID);
+        aslRet = asl_set(msg, "EventID", szNumber);
+        if (aslRet != 0)
+            WARN("Could not set EventID %s on aslmsg (%p)", szNumber, msg);
+
+        aslRet = asl_log((aslclient)hEventLog, msg, level, "%s", lpStrings[0]);
+        
+        asl_free(msg);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Yikes, fall back to worse syslog behavior due to low mem or asl issue.
+        aslRet = asl_log((aslclient)hEventLog, NULL, level, "[%hx:%x] %s", wCategory, dwEventID, lpStrings[0]);
+    }
+    
+    if (aslRet != 0)
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+    else
+        bRet = TRUE;
+#else // USE_ASL
+    int priority;
+    switch (wType)
+    {
+        case EVENTLOG_SUCCESS:
+        case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_SUCCESS:
+        case EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE:
+            priority = LOG_INFO;
+            break;
+        
+        case EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE:
+        case EVENTLOG_AUDIT_FAILURE:
+            priority = LOG_ERR;
+            break;
+            
+        case EVENTLOG_WARNING_TYPE:
+            priority = LOG_WARNING;
+            break;
+            
+        default:
+            ERROR("Unknown RecordEvent type.\n");
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            return bRet;
+    }
+
+    openlog((char *)hEventLog, LOG_CONS | LOG_PID, LOG_USER);
+    
+    syslog(priority, "[%hx:%x] %s", wCategory, dwEventID, lpStrings[0]);
+    
+    closelog();
+    
+    bRet = TRUE;
+#endif // USE_ASL else
+
+    LOGEXIT("ReportEventA returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(ReportEventA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReportEventW (
+    IN     HANDLE     hEventLog,
+    IN     WORD       wType,
+    IN     WORD       wCategory,
+    IN     DWORD      dwEventID,
+    IN OPTIONAL PSID       lpUserSid,
+    IN     WORD       wNumStrings,
+    IN     DWORD      dwDataSize,
+    IN OPTIONAL LPCWSTR *lpStrings,
+    IN OPTIONAL LPVOID lpRawData
+    )
+{
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    LPCSTR *lpMBStrings = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReportEventW);
+    ENTRY("ReportEventW(hEventLog=%p, wType=0x%hx, wCategory=0x%hx, dwEventID=0x%x, "
+        "lpUserSid=%p, wNumStrings=%hu, dwDataSize=%u, lpStrings=%p, lpRawData=%p)\n",
+        hEventLog, wType, wCategory, dwEventID, lpUserSid, wNumStrings, dwDataSize,
+        lpStrings, lpRawData);
+
+    if (wNumStrings > 0 && NULL == lpStrings)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpStrings has to be a valid parameter if wNumStrings is non-zero\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return bRet;
+    }
+    
+    if (wNumStrings > 0)
+    {
+        lpMBStrings = (LPCSTR *)PAL_malloc(wNumStrings * sizeof(CHAR *));
+        if (!lpMBStrings)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+            return bRet;
+        }
+        
+        for (WORD iString = 0; iString < wNumStrings; iString++)
+        {
+            int size;
+            bool fConverted;
+            CHAR *sz;
+            
+            size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpStrings[iString], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+            if (0 == size)
+            {
+                ERROR("lpStrings[%d] has to be a valid parameter\n", iString);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+                wNumStrings = iString; // so that free only frees earlier converted lpStrings.
+                goto done;
+            }
+            
+            sz = (LPSTR)PAL_malloc(size);
+            if (!sz)
+            {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                wNumStrings = iString; // so that free only frees earlier converted lpStrings.
+                goto done;
+            }
+            fConverted = (0 != WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpStrings[iString], -1, 
+                sz, size, NULL, NULL));
+            lpMBStrings[iString] = sz; // no const-cast needed.
+            if (!fConverted)
+            {
+                ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed!\n");
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                wNumStrings = iString + 1; // so that free only frees earlier converted lpStrings.
+                goto done;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    bRet = ReportEventA(hEventLog, wType, wCategory, dwEventID, lpUserSid, wNumStrings,
+        dwDataSize, lpMBStrings, lpRawData);
+
+done:
+    
+    if (wNumStrings > 0)
+    {
+        for (WORD iString = 0; iString < wNumStrings; iString++)
+            PAL_free((PVOID)lpMBStrings[iString]);
+        PAL_free(lpMBStrings);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("ReportEventW returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(ReportEventW);
+    return bRet;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/fmtmessage.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/fmtmessage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46e0af6e0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/fmtmessage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    fmtmessage.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of FormatMessage function.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/unicode_data.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+#include "pal/printfcpp.hpp"
+
+#include "errorstrings.h"
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#if NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include "dlcompat.h"
+#else   // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif  // NEED_DLCOMPAT
+#include <errno.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+/* Defines */
+
+#define MAX_ERROR_STRING_LENGTH 32
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    
+    FMTMSG_GetMessageString
+    
+Returns the message as a wide string.
+--*/
+static LPWSTR FMTMSG_GetMessageString( DWORD dwErrCode )
+{
+    TRACE("Entered FMTMSG_GetMessageString\n");
+
+    LPCWSTR lpErrorString = GetPalErrorString(dwErrCode);
+    int allocChars;
+
+    if (lpErrorString != NULL)
+    {
+        allocChars = PAL_wcslen(lpErrorString) + 1;
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        allocChars = MAX_ERROR_STRING_LENGTH + 1;
+    }
+
+    LPWSTR lpRetVal = (LPWSTR)LocalAlloc(LMEM_FIXED, allocChars * sizeof(WCHAR));
+
+    if (lpRetVal)
+    {
+        if (lpErrorString != NULL)
+        {
+            PAL_wcscpy(lpRetVal, lpErrorString);
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            swprintf_s(lpRetVal, MAX_ERROR_STRING_LENGTH, W("Error %u"), dwErrCode);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate memory.\n");
+    }
+
+    return lpRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+
+Function :
+
+    FMTMSG__watoi
+    
+    Converts a wide string repersentation of an integer number 
+    into a interger number.
+
+    Returns a integer number, or 0 on failure. 0 is not a valid number
+    for FormatMessage inserts.
+    
+--*/
+static INT FMTMSG__watoi( LPWSTR str )
+{
+    CONST UINT MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 3;
+    CHAR buf[ MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH ];
+    INT nRetVal = 0;
+    
+    nRetVal = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, str, -1, buf, 
+                                   MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH, NULL, 0 );
+
+    if ( nRetVal != 0 )
+    {
+        return atoi( buf );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to convert the string to a number.\n" );
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+            
+/* Adds the character to the working string. */
+#define _ADD_TO_STRING( c ) \
+{\
+   TRACE( "Adding %c to the string.\n", (CHAR)c );\
+   *lpWorkingString = c;\
+    lpWorkingString++;\
+    nCount++;\
+}
+
+/* Grows the buffer. */
+#define _GROW_BUFFER() \
+{\
+    if ( bIsLocalAlloced ) \
+    { \
+        LPWSTR lpTemp = NULL; \
+        UINT NumOfBytes = 0; \
+        nSize *= 2; \
+        NumOfBytes = nSize * sizeof( WCHAR ); \
+        lpTemp = static_cast<WCHAR *>( LocalAlloc( LMEM_FIXED, NumOfBytes ) ); \
+        TRACE( "Growing the buffer.\n" );\
+        \
+        if ( !lpTemp ) \
+        { \
+            ERROR( "Out of buffer\n" ); \
+            SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY ); \
+            nCount = 0; \
+            lpWorkingString = NULL; \
+            goto exit; \
+        } \
+        \
+        *lpWorkingString = '\0';\
+        PAL_wcscpy( lpTemp, lpReturnString );\
+        LocalFree( lpReturnString ); \
+        lpWorkingString = lpReturnString = lpTemp; \
+        lpWorkingString += nCount; \
+    } \
+    else \
+    { \
+        WARN( "Out of buffer.\n" ); \
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER ); \
+        nCount = 0; \
+        lpWorkingString = NULL; \
+        goto exit; \
+    } \
+}
+/* Adds a character to the working string.  This is a safer version
+of _ADD_TO_STRING, as we will resize the buffer if necessary. */
+#define _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( c ) \
+{\
+    if ( nCount+1 == nSize ) \
+    {\
+        _GROW_BUFFER();\
+    } \
+    _ADD_TO_STRING( c );\
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+
+    FMTMSG_ProcessPrintf
+    
+    Processes the printf formatters based on the format.
+        
+    Returns the LPWSTR string, or NULL on failure.
+*/
+    
+static LPWSTR FMTMSG_ProcessPrintf( wchar_t c , 
+                                 LPWSTR lpPrintfString,
+                                 LPWSTR lpInsertString)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpBuffer = NULL;
+    LPWSTR lpBuffer2 = NULL;
+    LPWSTR lpFormat = NULL;
+#if _DEBUG
+    // small size for _DEBUG to exercise buffer reallocation logic
+    int tmpSize = 4;
+#else
+    int tmpSize = 64;
+#endif
+    UINT nFormatLength = 0;
+    int nBufferLength = 0;
+
+    TRACE( "FMTMSG_ProcessPrintf( %C, %S, %S )\n", c, 
+           lpPrintfString, lpInsertString );
+
+    switch ( c )
+    {
+    case 'e' :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 'E' :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 'f' :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 'g' :
+        /* Fall through */
+    case 'G' : 
+        ERROR( "%%%c is not supported by FormatMessage.\n", c );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    nFormatLength = PAL_wcslen( lpPrintfString ) + 2; /* Need to count % AND NULL */
+    lpFormat = (LPWSTR)PAL_malloc( nFormatLength * sizeof( WCHAR ) );
+    if ( !lpFormat )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    /* Create the format string. */
+    memset( lpFormat, 0, nFormatLength * sizeof(WCHAR) );
+    *lpFormat = '%';
+    
+    PAL_wcscat( lpFormat, lpPrintfString );
+ 
+    lpBuffer = (LPWSTR) PAL_malloc(tmpSize*sizeof(WCHAR));
+        
+    /* try until the buffer is big enough */
+    while (TRUE)
+    {
+        if (!lpBuffer)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate memory\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+            PAL_free(lpFormat);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        nBufferLength = _snwprintf_s( lpBuffer, tmpSize,  tmpSize, 
+                                    lpFormat, lpInsertString);
+
+        if ((nBufferLength >= 0) && (nBufferLength != tmpSize))
+        {
+            break; /* succeeded */
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            tmpSize *= 2;
+            lpBuffer2 = static_cast<WCHAR *>(
+                PAL_realloc(lpBuffer, tmpSize*sizeof(WCHAR)));
+            if (lpBuffer2 == NULL)
+                PAL_free(lpBuffer);
+            lpBuffer = lpBuffer2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PAL_free( lpFormat );
+    lpFormat = NULL;
+
+    return lpBuffer;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FormatMessageW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+FormatMessageW(
+           IN DWORD dwFlags,
+           IN LPCVOID lpSource,
+           IN DWORD dwMessageId,
+           IN DWORD dwLanguageId,
+           OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer,
+           IN DWORD nSize,
+           IN va_list *Arguments)
+{
+    BOOL bIgnoreInserts = FALSE;
+    BOOL bIsVaList = TRUE;
+    BOOL bIsLocalAlloced = FALSE;
+    LPWSTR lpSourceString = NULL;
+    UINT nCount = 0;
+    LPWSTR lpReturnString = NULL;
+    LPWSTR lpWorkingString = NULL; 
+    
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(FormatMessageW);
+    ENTRY( "FormatMessageW(dwFlags=%#x, lpSource=%p, dwMessageId=%#x, "
+           "dwLanguageId=%#x, lpBuffer=%p, nSize=%u, va_list=%p)\n", 
+           dwFlags, lpSource, dwMessageId, dwLanguageId, lpBuffer, nSize,
+           Arguments);
+    
+    /* Sanity checks. */
+    if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING && !lpSource )
+    {
+        /* This behavior is different then in Windows.  
+           Windows would just crash.*/
+        ERROR( "lpSource cannot be NULL.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if ( !(dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER ) && !lpBuffer )
+    {
+        /* This behavior is different then in Windows.  
+           Windows would just crash.*/
+        ERROR( "lpBuffer cannot be NULL, if "
+               " FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER is not specified.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    
+    if ( ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING ) && 
+         ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "These flags cannot co-exist. You can either "
+               "specify FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING, or "
+               "FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    
+    if ( !( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING ) && 
+         ( dwLanguageId != 0
+#if ENABLE_DOWNLEVEL_FOR_NLS         
+         && dwLanguageId != MAKELANGID( LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT ) 
+#endif
+         ) )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Invalid language indentifier.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_RESOURCE_LANG_NOT_FOUND );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    /* Parameter processing. */
+    if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER )
+    {
+        TRACE( "Allocated %d TCHARs. Don't forget to call LocalFree to "
+               "free the memory when done.\n", nSize );
+        bIsLocalAlloced = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS )
+    {
+        bIgnoreInserts = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_ARGUMENT_ARRAY )
+    {
+        if ( !Arguments && !bIgnoreInserts )
+        {
+            ERROR( "The va_list cannot be NULL.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bIsVaList = FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    
+    if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_STRING )
+    {
+        lpSourceString = (LPWSTR)lpSource;
+    }
+    else if ( dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM ) 
+    {
+        if ((dwMessageId & 0xFFFF0000) == 0x80070000)
+        {
+            // This message has been produced by HRESULT_FROM_WIN32.  Undo its work.
+            dwMessageId &= 0xFFFF;
+        }
+
+        lpWorkingString = lpReturnString = 
+            FMTMSG_GetMessageString( dwMessageId );
+        
+        if ( !lpWorkingString )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Unable to find the message %d.\n", dwMessageId );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            nCount = 0;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        nCount = PAL_wcslen( lpWorkingString );
+        
+        if ( !bIsLocalAlloced && nCount > nSize )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Insufficient buffer.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+            lpWorkingString = NULL;
+            nCount = 0;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        if ( !lpWorkingString )
+        {
+            ERROR( "Invalid error indentifier.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS );
+        }
+        goto exit;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unknown flag.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    if ( nSize == 0 && bIsLocalAlloced )
+    {
+        nSize = 1;
+    }
+
+    lpWorkingString = static_cast<WCHAR *>(
+        LocalAlloc( LMEM_FIXED, nSize * sizeof( WCHAR ) ) );
+    if ( !lpWorkingString )
+    {
+        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory for the working string.\n" );
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+
+    /* Process the string. */
+    lpReturnString = lpWorkingString;
+    while ( *lpSourceString )
+    {
+        if ( *lpSourceString == '%' && !bIgnoreInserts )
+        {
+            lpSourceString++;
+            /* Escape sequences. */
+            if ( *lpSourceString == '0' )
+            {
+                /* Terminates a message without a newline character. */
+                *lpWorkingString = '\0';
+                goto exit;
+            }
+            else if ( PAL_iswdigit( *lpSourceString ) )
+            {
+                /* Get the insert number. */
+                WCHAR Number[] = { '\0', '\0', '\0' };
+                SIZE_T Index = 0;
+
+                Number[ 0 ] = *lpSourceString;
+                lpSourceString++;
+                
+                if ( PAL_iswdigit( *lpSourceString ) )
+                {
+                    Number[ 1 ] = *lpSourceString;
+                    lpSourceString++;
+                    if ( PAL_iswdigit( *lpSourceString ) )
+                    {
+                        ERROR( "Invalid insert indentifier.\n" );
+                        SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+                        lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                        nCount = 0;
+                        goto exit;
+                    }
+                }
+                Index = FMTMSG__watoi( Number );
+                if ( Index == 0 )
+                {
+                    ERROR( "Invalid insert indentifier.\n" );
+                    SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+                    lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                    nCount = 0;
+                    goto exit;
+                }
+                if ( *lpSourceString == '!' )
+                {
+                    LPWSTR lpInsertString = NULL;
+                    LPWSTR lpPrintfString = NULL;
+                    LPWSTR lpStartOfFormattedString = NULL;
+                    UINT nPrintfLength = 0;
+                    LPWSTR lpFormattedString = NULL;
+                    UINT nFormattedLength = 0;
+
+                    if ( !bIsVaList )
+                    {
+                        lpInsertString = ((LPWSTR*)Arguments)[ Index - 1 ];
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        va_list TheArgs;
+                        
+                        va_copy(TheArgs, *Arguments);
+                        UINT i = 0;
+                        for ( ; i < Index; i++ )
+                        {
+                            lpInsertString = va_arg( TheArgs, LPWSTR );
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    /* Calculate the length, and extract the printf string.*/
+                    lpSourceString++;
+                    {
+                        LPWSTR p = PAL_wcschr( lpSourceString, '!' );
+
+                        if ( NULL == p )
+                        {
+                            nPrintfLength = 0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            nPrintfLength = p - lpSourceString;
+                        }
+                    }
+                                        
+                    lpPrintfString = 
+                        (LPWSTR)PAL_malloc( ( nPrintfLength + 1 ) * sizeof( WCHAR ) );
+                    
+                    if ( !lpPrintfString )
+                    {
+                        ERROR( "Unable to allocate memory.\n" );
+                        SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+                        lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                        nCount = 0;
+                        goto exit;
+                    }
+                    
+                    PAL_wcsncpy( lpPrintfString, lpSourceString, nPrintfLength );
+                    *( lpPrintfString + nPrintfLength ) = '\0';
+
+                    lpStartOfFormattedString = lpFormattedString = 
+                           FMTMSG_ProcessPrintf( *lpPrintfString, 
+                                                 lpPrintfString, 
+                                                 lpInsertString);
+
+                    if ( !lpFormattedString )
+                    {
+                        ERROR( "Unable to process the format string.\n" );
+                        /* Function will set the error code. */
+                        PAL_free( lpPrintfString );
+                        lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                        goto exit;
+                    }
+                     
+
+                    nFormattedLength = PAL_wcslen( lpFormattedString );
+                    
+                    /* Append the processed printf string into the working string */
+                    while ( *lpFormattedString )
+                    {
+                        _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( *lpFormattedString );
+                        lpFormattedString++;
+                    }
+                    
+                    lpSourceString += nPrintfLength + 1;
+                    PAL_free( lpPrintfString );
+                    PAL_free( lpStartOfFormattedString );
+                    lpPrintfString = lpFormattedString = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* The printf format string defaults to 's'.*/
+                    LPWSTR lpInsert = NULL;
+
+                    if ( !bIsVaList )
+                    {
+                        lpInsert = ((LPWSTR*)Arguments)[Index - 1];
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        va_list TheArgs;
+                        va_copy(TheArgs, *Arguments);
+                        UINT i = 0;
+                        for ( ; i < Index; i++ )
+                        {
+                            lpInsert = va_arg( TheArgs, LPWSTR );
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    while ( *lpInsert )
+                    {
+                        _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( *lpInsert );
+                        lpInsert++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            /* Format specifiers. */
+            else if ( *lpSourceString == '%' )
+            {
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( '%' );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+            else if ( *lpSourceString == 'n' )
+            {
+                /* Hard line break. */
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( '\n' );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+            else if ( *lpSourceString == '.' )
+            {
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( '.' );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+            else if ( *lpSourceString == '!' )
+            {
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( '!' );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+            else if ( !*lpSourceString )
+            {
+                ERROR( "Invalid parameter.\n" );
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+                lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                nCount = 0;
+                goto exit;
+            }
+            else /* Append the character. */
+            {
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( *lpSourceString );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+        }/* END if ( *lpSourceString == '%' ) */
+        else
+        {
+            /* In Windows if FormatMessage is called with ignore inserts,
+            then FormatMessage strips %1!s! down to %1, since string is the
+            default. */
+            if ( bIgnoreInserts && *lpSourceString == '!' && 
+                 *( lpSourceString + 1 ) == 's' )
+            {
+                LPWSTR lpLastBang = PAL_wcschr( lpSourceString + 1, '!' );
+
+                if ( lpLastBang && ( 2 == lpLastBang - lpSourceString ) )
+                {
+                    lpSourceString = lpLastBang + 1;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ERROR( "Mal-formed string\n" );
+                    SetLastError( ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER );
+                    lpWorkingString = NULL;
+                    nCount = 0;
+                    goto exit;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* Append to the string. */
+                _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( *lpSourceString );
+                lpSourceString++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    
+    /* Terminate the message. */
+    _CHECKED_ADD_TO_STRING( '\0' );
+    /* NULL does not count. */
+    nCount--;
+
+exit: /* Function clean-up and exit. */
+    if ( lpWorkingString )
+    {
+        if ( bIsLocalAlloced )
+        {
+            TRACE( "Assigning the buffer to the pointer.\n" );
+            // when FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER is specified, nSize
+            // does not specify the size of lpBuffer, rather it specifies
+            // the minimum size of the string
+            // as such we have to blindly assume that lpBuffer has enough space to
+            // store PVOID
+            // might cause a prefast warning, but there is no good way to suppress it yet
+            _ASSERTE(dwFlags & FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER);
+            *((LPVOID*)lpBuffer) = (LPVOID)lpReturnString;
+        }
+        else /* Only delete lpReturnString if the caller has their own buffer.*/
+        {
+            TRACE( "Copying the string into the buffer.\n" );
+            PAL_wcsncpy( lpBuffer, lpReturnString, nCount + 1 );
+            LocalFree( lpReturnString );
+        }
+    }
+    else /* Error, something occurred. */
+    {
+        if ( lpReturnString )
+        {
+            LocalFree( lpReturnString );
+        }
+    }
+    LOGEXIT( "FormatMessageW returns %d.\n", nCount );
+    PERF_EXIT(FormatMessageW);
+    return nCount;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/identity.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/identity.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e983b1265c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/identity.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+misc/identity.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+Implementation of GetComputerNameW and GetUserNameW functions. 
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/identity.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF && defined(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)
+#include <limits.h> // for INT_MAX
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+#define DEFAULT_PASSWORD_BUFFER_SIZE 1024
+static DWORD dwInitialPasswdBufferSize = DEFAULT_PASSWORD_BUFFER_SIZE;
+
+#else // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+static CRITICAL_SECTION identity_critsec;
+
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    IdentityInitialize
+
+Intitialization function called from PAL_Initialize.
+Initializes the critical section for the case when thread-safe
+getpwuid_r is not available.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+IdentityInitialize(void)
+{
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+ 
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF && defined(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX)
+    long lBufferSize = 0;
+    lBufferSize = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+    
+    if ((long)INT_MAX < lBufferSize)
+    {
+        ERROR("sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) returns %ld which is > INT_MAX (%u)\n",
+                lBufferSize, INT_MAX);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (0 >= (int)(lBufferSize))
+    {
+        WARN("sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) returns %ld, using %u as the buffer size instead\n", 
+                 lBufferSize, dwInitialPasswdBufferSize);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) returns %ld\n", lBufferSize);
+        dwInitialPasswdBufferSize = (DWORD)lBufferSize;
+    }
+
+#endif // HAVE_SYSCONF && _SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX
+
+#else // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&identity_critsec);
+
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    IdentityCleanup
+
+Termination function called from PAL_Terminate.
+Deletes the critical section for the case when thread-safe
+getpwuid_r is not available.
+
+--*/
+void
+IdentityCleanup(void)
+{
+#if !HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+    InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&identity_critsec);
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    GetUserNameW
+
+Uses getpwuid_r to get the user name and if it's not available uses
+getpwuid (with the safety of a critical section). See MSDN for functional spec.
+
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetUserNameW(
+    OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer, // address of name buffer
+    IN OUT LPDWORD nSize )    // address of size of name buffer
+{
+    BOOL fRet = FALSE;
+    struct passwd *pPasswd = NULL;
+    char *szUserName = NULL;
+    DWORD cwchLen = 0;
+    int iEuid = -1;
+    int iRet = -1;
+    CPalThread *pPalThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+    
+    char *pchBuffer = NULL;
+    DWORD dwBufLen = 0;
+    struct passwd sPasswd;
+    
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetUserNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetUserNameW(lpBuffer = %p, nSize = %p (%d)\n",
+          lpBuffer, nSize, nSize?*nSize:0);
+
+    iEuid = geteuid();
+
+    if (NULL == lpBuffer || NULL == nSize)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpBuffer == NULL or nSize == NULL");
+        pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    dwBufLen = dwInitialPasswdBufferSize;
+
+    while (NULL == pPasswd)
+    {
+        pchBuffer = (char*) PAL_malloc(sizeof(pchBuffer[0]) * dwBufLen);
+        if (NULL == pchBuffer)
+        {
+            pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        iRet = InternalGetpwuid_r(pPalThread, iEuid, &sPasswd, pchBuffer, dwBufLen, &pPasswd);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            WARN("getpwuid_r(%d) returns %d for a buffer size of %d, error string is %s\n", 
+                        iEuid, iRet, dwBufLen, strerror(iRet));
+
+            if (ERANGE == iRet) // need a bigger buffer
+            {
+                PAL_free(pchBuffer);
+                pchBuffer = NULL;
+                pPasswd = NULL;
+                dwBufLen *= 2; // double the buffer
+                continue; // try again
+            }
+
+            pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        // Unfortunately, HPUX returns success and result = NULL even when the buffer size is small
+        // (instead of returning ERANGE error). But, since we are using either
+        // sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX) or the HP recommended value of 1024, buffer should always
+        // be big enough for getpwuid_r.
+
+        if (NULL == pPasswd || NULL == pPasswd->pw_name)
+        {
+            // No matching entry found! something failed somewhere.
+            ERROR("getpwuid_r(%d) returned %p with name NULL!\n", iEuid, pPasswd);
+            pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto done;
+        }
+    }
+
+    szUserName = pPasswd->pw_name;
+
+#else // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pPalThread, &identity_critsec);
+    pPasswd = getpwuid(iEuid);
+
+    if ((NULL == pPasswd) || (NULL == pPasswd->pw_name))
+    {
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pPalThread, &identity_critsec);
+        ERROR("getpwuid(%d) returned %p with name NULL! error (%d) is %s\n",
+                iEuid, pPasswd, errno, strerror(errno));
+        pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    // make a copy so that we can modify it
+    szUserName = strdup(pPasswd->pw_name);
+    if (NULL == szUserName)
+    {
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pPalThread, &identity_critsec);
+        pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pPalThread, &identity_critsec);
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    // truncate the user name if it exceeds the maximum allowed limit
+    if (strlen(szUserName) > UNLEN)
+    {
+        szUserName[UNLEN] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    // Copy from pPasswd->pw_name
+    cwchLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szUserName, -1, lpBuffer, *nSize);
+    if (0 == cwchLen)
+    {
+        ERROR ("MultiByteToWideChar failed with error %d when trying to convert the username "
+               "%s to wide char\n", pPalThread->GetLastError(), szUserName);
+        if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == pPalThread->GetLastError())
+        {
+            // Find the required size (including NULL)
+            cwchLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szUserName, -1, NULL, 0);
+            if (0 == cwchLen)
+            {
+                ERROR ("MultiByteToWideChar failed with error %d when trying to find the size of "
+                       "%s in wide chars\n", pPalThread->GetLastError(), szUserName);
+                pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Update the required size
+                *nSize = cwchLen;
+                pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_MORE_DATA);
+            }
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    *nSize = cwchLen;
+    fRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+    if (NULL != pchBuffer)
+    {
+        PAL_free(pchBuffer);
+    }
+#else // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+    if (NULL != szUserName)
+    {
+        PAL_free(szUserName);
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetUserNameW returning BOOL %d\n", fRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetUserNameW);
+    return fRet;
+}
+
+#ifndef MAXHOSTNAMELEN
+// AIX doesn't have MAXHOSTNAMELEN, it recommends using 256
+#define MAXHOSTNAMELEN 256
+#endif // MAXHOSTNAMELEN
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    GetComputerNameW
+
+Uses gethostname to get the computer name. See MSDN for functional spec.
+
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetComputerNameW(
+    OUT LPWSTR lpBuffer, // address of name buffer
+    IN OUT LPDWORD nSize)    // address of size of name buffer
+{
+    BOOL fRet = FALSE;
+    char szHostName[MAXHOSTNAMELEN+1];
+    char *pchDot = NULL;
+    DWORD cwchLen = 0;
+    CPalThread *pPalThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetComputerNameW);
+    ENTRY("GetComputerNameW(lpBuffer = %p, nSize = %p (%d)\n",
+          lpBuffer, nSize, nSize?*nSize:0);
+
+    if (NULL == lpBuffer || NULL == nSize)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpBuffer == NULL or nSize == NULL");
+        pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if (0 != gethostname(szHostName, sizeof(szHostName)/sizeof(szHostName[0])))
+    {
+        ERROR("gethostname failed with error (%d) %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    // Null terminate the string
+    szHostName[sizeof(szHostName)/sizeof(szHostName[0])-1] = '\0';
+
+    // some OSes return the hostname with the domain name included.
+    // We want to return only the host part of the name (see the spec for
+    // more details
+    pchDot = strchr(szHostName, '.');
+    if (NULL != pchDot)
+    {
+        *pchDot = '\0'; // remove the domain name info
+    }
+
+    // copy the hostname (including NULL character)
+    cwchLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szHostName, -1, lpBuffer, *nSize);
+    if (0 == cwchLen) 
+    {
+        ERROR ("MultiByteToWideChar failed with error %d when trying to convert the hostname "
+                "%s to wide char\n", pPalThread->GetLastError(), szHostName);
+        if (ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER == pPalThread->GetLastError())
+        {
+            // Find the required size (including NULL)
+            cwchLen = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, szHostName, -1, NULL, 0);
+            if (0 == cwchLen)
+            {
+                ERROR ("MultiByteToWideChar failed with error %d when trying to find the size of "
+                       "%s in wide chars\n", pPalThread->GetLastError(), szHostName);
+                pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Update the required size
+                *nSize = cwchLen - 1; // don't include the NULL
+                pPalThread->SetLastError(ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW);
+            }
+        }
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    *nSize = cwchLen - 1; // don't include the NULL
+    fRet = TRUE;
+
+done:
+    LOGEXIT("GetComputerNameW returning BOOL %d\n", fRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetComputerNameW);
+    return fRet;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_GETPWUID_R
+/*++
+Function:
+    InternalGetpwuid_r
+
+Suspension safe wrapper for getpwuid_r
+--*/
+int
+CorUnix::InternalGetpwuid_r(
+    CPalThread *pPalThread,
+    uid_t uid,
+    struct passwd *pPasswd,
+    char *pchBuffer,
+    size_t nBufSize,
+    struct passwd **ppResult
+    )
+{
+    int iError = 0;
+
+    iError = getpwuid_r(uid, pPasswd, pchBuffer, nBufSize, ppResult);
+
+#if GETPWUID_R_SETS_ERRNO
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        iError = errno; // some systems (AIX) sets errno instead of returning error
+    }
+#endif // GETPWUID_R_SETS_ERRNO
+
+    return iError;
+}
+#endif // HAVE_GETPWUID_R
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/miscpalapi.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/miscpalapi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..0e1234401e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/miscpalapi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,381 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    miscpalapi.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation misc PAL APIs
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h> 
+#include <time.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+#if HAVE_BSD_UUID_H
+#include <uuid.h>
+#elif HAVE_LIBUUID_H
+#include <uuid/uuid.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <pal_endian.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+static const char RANDOM_DEVICE_NAME[] ="/dev/random";
+static const char URANDOM_DEVICE_NAME[]="/dev/urandom";
+
+/*++
+
+Function :
+
+    PAL_GetPALDirectoryW
+    
+    Returns the fully qualified path name
+    where the PALL DLL was loaded from.
+    
+    On failure it returns FALSE and sets the 
+    proper LastError code.
+
+--*/
+BOOL 
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryW(PathWCharString& lpDirectoryName) 
+{
+    LPCWSTR lpFullPathAndName = NULL;
+    LPCWSTR lpEndPoint = NULL;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_GetPALDirectoryW);
+
+    MODSTRUCT *module = LOADGetPalLibrary();
+    if (!module)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    lpFullPathAndName = module->lib_name;
+    if (lpFullPathAndName == NULL)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    lpEndPoint = PAL_wcsrchr( lpFullPathAndName, '/' );
+    if ( lpEndPoint )
+    {
+        /* The path that we return is required to have
+           the trailing slash on the end.*/
+        lpEndPoint++;
+    
+        
+        if(!lpDirectoryName.Set(lpFullPathAndName,lpEndPoint - lpFullPathAndName))
+        {
+            ASSERT( "The buffer was not large enough.\n" );
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+        bRet = TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unable to determine the path.\n" );
+        /* Error path, should not be executed. */
+        SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+    }
+    
+EXIT:    
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_GetPALDirectoryW);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryA(PathCharString& lpDirectoryName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+    PathWCharString directory;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_GetPALDirectoryA);
+
+    bRet = PAL_GetPALDirectoryW(directory);
+
+    if (bRet) 
+    {
+        
+        int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, directory.GetString(), -1, NULL, 0, NULL, 0);
+        LPSTR DirectoryName = lpDirectoryName.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == DirectoryName)
+        {
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+            bRet = FALSE;
+        }
+        
+        length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, directory.GetString(), -1, DirectoryName, length, NULL, 0);
+
+        if (0 == length)
+        {
+            bRet = FALSE;
+            length++;
+        }
+    
+        lpDirectoryName.CloseBuffer(length - 1);
+    }
+
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_GetPALDirectoryA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+
+Function :
+
+    PAL_GetPALDirectoryW
+    
+    Returns the fully qualified path name
+    where the PALL DLL was loaded from.
+    
+    On failure it returns FALSE and sets the 
+    proper LastError code.
+    
+See rotor_pal.doc for more details.
+
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL 
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryW( OUT LPWSTR lpDirectoryName, IN OUT UINT* cchDirectoryName ) 
+{
+    PathWCharString directory;
+    BOOL bRet;
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_GetPALDirectoryW);
+    ENTRY( "PAL_GetPALDirectoryW( %p, %d )\n", lpDirectoryName, *cchDirectoryName );
+
+    bRet = PAL_GetPALDirectoryW(directory);
+
+    if (bRet) {
+        
+        if (directory.GetCount() > *cchDirectoryName)
+        {
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+            bRet = FALSE;
+        }
+        else
+        { 
+            PAL_wcscpy(lpDirectoryName, directory.GetString());
+        }
+
+        *cchDirectoryName = directory.GetCount();
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "PAL_GetPALDirectoryW returns BOOL %d.\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_GetPALDirectoryW);
+    return bRet;
+
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetPALDirectoryA(
+             OUT LPSTR lpDirectoryName,
+             IN UINT*  cchDirectoryName)
+{
+    BOOL bRet;
+    PathCharString directory;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_GetPALDirectoryA);
+    ENTRY( "PAL_GetPALDirectoryA( %p, %d )\n", lpDirectoryName, *cchDirectoryName );
+
+    bRet = PAL_GetPALDirectoryA(directory);
+
+    if (bRet) 
+    {
+        if (directory.GetCount() > *cchDirectoryName)
+        {
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER );
+            bRet = FALSE;
+            *cchDirectoryName = directory.GetCount();
+        }
+        else if (strcpy_s(lpDirectoryName, directory.GetCount(), directory.GetString()) == SAFECRT_SUCCESS) 
+        {
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            bRet = FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT( "PAL_GetPALDirectoryA returns BOOL %d.\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_GetPALDirectoryA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_Random(
+        IN BOOL bStrong,
+        IN OUT LPVOID lpBuffer,
+        IN DWORD dwLength)
+{
+    int rand_des = -1;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    DWORD i;
+    char buf;
+    long num = 0;
+    static BOOL sMissingDevRandom;
+    static BOOL sMissingDevURandom;
+    static BOOL sInitializedMRand;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_Random);
+    ENTRY("PAL_Random(bStrong=%d, lpBuffer=%p, dwLength=%d)\n", 
+          bStrong, lpBuffer, dwLength);
+
+    i = 0;
+
+    if (bStrong == TRUE && i < dwLength && !sMissingDevRandom)
+    {
+        // request non-blocking access to avoid hangs if the /dev/random is exhausted
+        // or just simply broken
+        if ((rand_des = PAL__open(RANDOM_DEVICE_NAME, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK)) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == ENOENT)
+            {
+                sMissingDevRandom = TRUE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("PAL__open() failed, errno:%d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            }
+
+            // Back off and try /dev/urandom.
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for( ; i < dwLength; i++)
+            {
+                if (read(rand_des, &buf, 1) < 1)
+                {
+                    // the /dev/random pool has been exhausted.  Fall back
+                    // to /dev/urandom for the remainder of the buffer.
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                *(((BYTE*)lpBuffer) + i) ^= buf;
+            }
+
+            close(rand_des);
+        }
+    }
+ 
+    if (i < dwLength && !sMissingDevURandom)
+    {
+        if ((rand_des = PAL__open(URANDOM_DEVICE_NAME, O_RDONLY)) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == ENOENT)
+            {                
+                sMissingDevURandom = TRUE;                
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("PAL__open() failed, errno:%d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));               
+            }
+
+            // Back off and try mrand48.           
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for( ; i < dwLength; i++)
+            {
+                if (read(rand_des, &buf, 1) < 1)
+                {
+                    // Fall back to srand48 for the remainder of the buffer.
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                *(((BYTE*)lpBuffer) + i) ^= buf;
+            }
+
+            close(rand_des);
+        }
+    }    
+
+    if (!sInitializedMRand)
+    {
+        srand48(time(NULL));
+        sInitializedMRand = TRUE;
+    }
+
+    // always xor srand48 over the whole buffer to get some randomness
+    // in case /dev/random is not really random
+
+    for(i = 0; i < dwLength; i++)
+    {
+        if (i % sizeof(long) == 0) {
+            num = mrand48();
+        }
+
+        *(((BYTE*)lpBuffer) + i) ^= num;
+        num >>= 8;
+    }
+
+    bRet = TRUE;
+
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_Random returns %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_Random);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+HRESULT
+PALAPI
+CoCreateGuid(OUT GUID * pguid)
+{
+#if HAVE_BSD_UUID_H
+    uuid_t uuid;
+    uint32_t status;
+    uuid_create(&uuid, &status);
+    if (status != uuid_s_ok)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unexpected uuid_create failure (status=%u)\n", status);
+        PROCAbort();
+    }
+
+    // Encode the uuid with little endian.
+    uuid_enc_le(pguid, &uuid);
+#elif HAVE_LIBUUID_H
+    uuid_generate_random(*(uuid_t*)pguid);
+
+    // Change the byte order of the Data1, 2 and 3, since the uuid_generate_random
+    // generates them with big endian while GUIDS need to have them in little endian.
+    pguid->Data1 = SWAP32(pguid->Data1);
+    pguid->Data2 = SWAP16(pguid->Data2);
+    pguid->Data3 = SWAP16(pguid->Data3);
+#else
+    #error Don't know how to generate UUID on this platform
+#endif
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/msgbox.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/msgbox.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b3041b1422
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/msgbox.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    msgbox.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of Message Box.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+#include <syslog.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+CRITICAL_SECTION msgbox_critsec;
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MsgBoxInitialize
+
+    Initialize the critical sections.
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE if initialize succeeded
+    FALSE otherwise
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+MsgBoxInitialize( void )
+{
+    TRACE( "Initialising the critical section.\n" );
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&msgbox_critsec);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    MsgBoxCleanup
+
+    Deletes the critical sections.
+
+--*/
+void MsgBoxCleanup( void )
+{
+    TRACE( "Deleting the critical section.\n" );
+    DeleteCriticalSection( &msgbox_critsec );
+}
+
+
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include "CoreFoundation/CFUserNotification.h"
+#include "CoreFoundation/CFString.h"
+#include "Security/AuthSession.h"
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MessageBoxW
+
+This is a small subset of MessageBox that simply logs a message to the
+system logging facility and returns. A typical log entry will look
+like:
+
+May 23 15:48:10 rice example1: MessageBox: Caption: Error Text
+
+Note:
+  hWnd should always be NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+MessageBoxW(
+	    IN LPVOID hWnd,
+	    IN LPCWSTR lpText,
+	    IN LPCWSTR lpCaption,
+	    IN UINT uType)
+{
+    CHAR *text = NULL;
+    CHAR *caption = NULL;
+    INT len = 0;
+    INT rc = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MessageBoxW);
+    ENTRY( "MessageBoxW (hWnd=%p, lpText=%p (%S), lpCaption=%p (%S), uType=%#x)\n",
+           hWnd, lpText?lpText:W16_NULLSTRING, lpText?lpText:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpCaption?lpCaption:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpCaption?lpCaption:W16_NULLSTRING, uType );
+
+    if (hWnd != NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("hWnd != NULL");
+    }
+    
+    if(lpText)
+    {
+        len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpText, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+        if(len)
+        {
+            text = (LPSTR)PAL_malloc(len);
+            if(!text)
+            {
+                ERROR("malloc() failed!\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if( !WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpText, -1, text, len, 
+                                      NULL, NULL))
+            {
+                ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        WARN("No message text\n");
+
+        if (NULL == (text = PAL__strdup("(no message text)")))
+        {
+            ASSERT("strdup() failed\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    if (lpCaption)
+    {
+        len = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpCaption, -1, NULL, 0, 
+                                   NULL, NULL);
+        if(len)
+        {
+            caption = (CHAR*)PAL_malloc(len);
+            if(!caption)
+            {
+                ERROR("malloc() failed!\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+                goto error;
+            }
+            if( !WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, lpCaption, -1, caption, len,
+                                      NULL, NULL))
+            {
+                ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+                SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+                goto error;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR );
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (NULL == (caption = PAL__strdup("Error")))
+        {
+            ERROR("strdup() failed\n");
+            SetLastError( ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY );
+            goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    rc = MessageBoxA(hWnd, text, caption, uType);
+
+error:
+    PAL_free(caption);
+    PAL_free(text);
+
+
+    LOGEXIT("MessageBoxW returns %d\n", rc);
+    PERF_EXIT(MessageBoxW);
+    return rc;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  MessageBoxA
+
+This is a small subset of MessageBox that simply logs a message to the
+system logging facility and returns. A typical log entry will look
+like:
+
+May 23 15:48:10 rice example1: MessageBox: Caption: Error Text
+
+Note:
+  hWnd should always be NULL.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+MessageBoxA(
+	    IN LPVOID hWnd,
+	    IN LPCSTR lpText,
+	    IN LPCSTR lpCaption,
+	    IN UINT uType)
+{
+    INT rc = 0;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(MessageBoxA);
+    ENTRY( "MessageBoxA (hWnd=%p, lpText=%p (%s), lpCaption=%p (%s), uType=%#x)\n",
+           hWnd, lpText?lpText:"NULL", lpText?lpText:"NULL",
+           lpCaption?lpCaption:"NULL",
+           lpCaption?lpCaption:"NULL", uType );
+
+    if (hWnd != NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("hWnd != NULL");
+    }
+
+    if (lpText == NULL)
+    {
+        WARN("No message text\n");
+
+        lpText = "(no message text)";
+    }
+
+    if (lpCaption == NULL)
+    {
+        lpCaption = "Error";
+    }
+    
+    if (uType & MB_DEFMASK)
+    {
+        WARN("No support for alternate default buttons.\n");
+    }
+
+    /* set default status based on the type of button */
+    switch(uType & MB_TYPEMASK)
+    {
+    case MB_OK:
+        rc = IDOK;
+        break;
+
+    case MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE:
+        rc = IDABORT;
+        break;
+
+    case MB_YESNO:
+        rc = IDNO;
+        break;
+
+    case MB_OKCANCEL :
+        rc = IDCANCEL;
+        break;
+
+    case MB_RETRYCANCEL :
+        rc = IDCANCEL;
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        ASSERT("Bad uType");
+        rc = IDOK;
+        break;
+    }
+
+    PALCEnterCriticalSection( &msgbox_critsec);
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    OSStatus osstatus;
+
+    SecuritySessionId secSession;
+    SessionAttributeBits secSessionInfo;
+
+    osstatus = SessionGetInfo(callerSecuritySession, &secSession, &secSessionInfo);
+    if (noErr == osstatus && (secSessionInfo & sessionHasGraphicAccess) != 0)
+    {
+        CFStringRef cfsTitle = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, lpCaption, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+        CFStringRef cfsText = CFStringCreateWithCString(kCFAllocatorDefault, lpText, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+        CFStringRef cfsButton1 = NULL;
+        CFStringRef cfsButton2 = NULL;
+        CFStringRef cfsButton3 = NULL;
+        CFOptionFlags alertFlags = 0;
+        CFOptionFlags response;
+                
+        switch (uType & MB_TYPEMASK)
+        {
+        case MB_OK:
+            // Nothing needed; since if all the buttons are null, a stock "OK" is used.
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE:
+            // Localization? Would be needed if this were used outside of debugging.
+            cfsButton1 = CFSTR("Abort");
+            cfsButton2 = CFSTR("Retry");
+            cfsButton3 = CFSTR("Ignore");
+            alertFlags = kCFUserNotificationCautionAlertLevel;
+            break;
+            
+        case MB_YESNO:
+            cfsButton1 = CFSTR("Yes");
+            cfsButton2 = CFSTR("No");
+            break;
+            
+        case MB_OKCANCEL:
+            cfsButton1 = CFSTR("OK");
+            cfsButton2 = CFSTR("Cancel");
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_RETRYCANCEL:
+            cfsButton1 = CFSTR("Retry");
+            cfsButton2 = CFSTR("Cancel");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        CFUserNotificationDisplayAlert(0 /* no time out */, alertFlags, NULL /* iconURL */,
+            NULL /* soundURL */, NULL /* localizationURL */, cfsTitle, cfsText, cfsButton1,
+            cfsButton2, cfsButton3, &response);
+            
+        switch (uType & MB_TYPEMASK)
+        {
+        case MB_OK:
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_ABORTRETRYIGNORE:
+            switch (response)
+            {
+            case kCFUserNotificationDefaultResponse:
+                rc = IDABORT;
+                break;
+            case kCFUserNotificationAlternateResponse:
+                rc = IDRETRY;
+                break;
+            case kCFUserNotificationOtherResponse:
+                rc = IDIGNORE;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_YESNO:
+            switch (response)
+            {
+            case kCFUserNotificationDefaultResponse:
+                rc = IDYES;
+                break;
+            case kCFUserNotificationAlternateResponse:
+                rc = IDNO;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_OKCANCEL:
+            switch (response)
+            {
+            case kCFUserNotificationDefaultResponse:
+                rc = IDOK;
+                break;
+            case kCFUserNotificationAlternateResponse:
+                rc = IDCANCEL;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        
+        case MB_RETRYCANCEL:
+            switch (response)
+            {
+            case kCFUserNotificationDefaultResponse:
+                rc = IDRETRY;
+                break;
+            case kCFUserNotificationAlternateResponse:
+                rc = IDCANCEL;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // We're not in a login session, e.g., running via ssh, and so bringing
+        // up a message box would be bad form.
+        fprintf ( stderr, "MessageBox: %s: %s", lpCaption, lpText );
+        syslog(LOG_USER|LOG_ERR, "MessageBox: %s: %s", lpCaption, lpText);
+    }
+#else // __APPLE__
+    fprintf ( stderr, "MessageBox: %s: %s", lpCaption, lpText );
+    syslog(LOG_USER|LOG_ERR, "MessageBox: %s: %s", lpCaption, lpText);
+
+    // Some systems support displaying a GUI dialog. (This will suspend the current thread until they hit the
+    // 'OK' button and allow a debugger to be attached).
+    PAL_DisplayDialog(lpCaption, lpText);
+#endif // __APPLE__ else
+
+    PALCLeaveCriticalSection( &msgbox_critsec);
+
+    LOGEXIT("MessageBoxA returns %d\n", rc);
+    PERF_EXIT(MessageBoxA);
+    return rc;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/perftrace.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/perftrace.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d4fba3367a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/perftrace.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1522 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    misc/perftrace.c
+
+Abstract:
+    Implementation of PAL Performance trace utilities.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+/* PAL headers */
+
+
+
+#ifdef PAL_PERF
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+/* PAL Headers */
+#include "perftrace.h"
+
+/* Standard Headers */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#define MiscGetenv getenv
+#define pthread_getspecific TlsGetValue
+#define THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId GetCurrentThreadId
+#define getpid GetCurrentProcessId 
+#define PAL_fgets fgets // on Windows, we want fgets.
+#define PAL_fwrite fwrite // on Windows, we want fwrite.
+#define PAL_fseek fseek // on Windows, we want fseek.
+
+#else
+/* PAL Headers */
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/perftrace.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/cruntime.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+/* Standard headers */
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <pthread.h> /* for pthread_self */
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+#endif  //End of PLATFORM_UNIX
+
+
+#define PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE     0x400  /* 1K */ 
+#define PAL_PERF_MAX_INPUT       0x1000 /* 4k for single line of input file */
+#define PAL_PERF_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME 128 /* any one want a function name longer than 127 bytes? */
+#define PAL_PERF_PROFILE_BUFFER_SIZE 0x400000  /* 4M    */
+#define PAL_PERF_BUFFER_FULL  (PAL_PERF_PROFILE_BUFFER_SIZE - PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE ) /* (Buffer size - 1K) */
+
+typedef struct _pal_perf_api_info
+{
+    ULONGLONG       entries;        /* number of PERF_ENTRY calls for an API function */
+    ULONGLONG       counter;        /* number of PERF_EXIT calls for an API function */
+    ULONGLONG       min_duration;   /* Minimum duration in CPU clock ticks in an API function */ 
+    ULONGLONG       max_duration;   /* Maximum duration in CPU clock ticks in an API function */
+    ULONGLONG       sum_duration;   /* Sum of duration*/
+    double          sum_of_square_duration; /* Sum of square of durations */
+    DWORD           *histograms;    /* An array to store the histogram of an API execution cpu ticks. */
+} pal_perf_api_info;
+
+
+typedef struct _pal_perf_thread_info
+{
+    DWORD               threadId; 
+    pal_perf_api_info * api_table;
+    char *              pal_write_buf;
+    DWORD               buf_offset;
+    BOOL                profile_enabled;
+    ULONGLONG           start_ticks; 
+    ULONGLONG           total_duration; 
+} pal_perf_thread_info;
+
+typedef struct _pal_thread_list_node
+{
+    pal_perf_thread_info * thread_info;  
+    struct _pal_thread_list_node * next;
+
+} pal_thread_list_node;
+
+typedef struct _pal_perf_program_info
+{
+    char    command_line[PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE];
+    char    exe_path[PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE];
+    char    hostname[PAL_PERF_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME];
+    double  cpu_clock_frequency;
+    ULONGLONG start_ticks;
+    ULONGLONG elapsed_time; /* Duration in CPU clock ticks of the program */
+    ULONGLONG total_duration; /* Total CPU clock ticks of all the threads */
+    ULONGLONG pal_duration; /* Total CPU clock ticks spent inside PAL */
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD   process_id;
+#else
+    pid_t   process_id;
+#endif
+    char    start_time[32]; /*  must be at least 26 characters */
+} pal_perf_program_info;
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+typedef FILE PERF_FILE;
+#define PERF_FILEFN(x) x
+#else
+typedef PAL_FILE PERF_FILE;
+#define PERF_FILEFN(x) PAL_ ## x
+#endif
+
+static ULONGLONG PERFGetTicks();
+static double PERFComputeStandardDeviation(pal_perf_api_info *api);
+static void PERFPrintProgramHeaderInfo(PERF_FILE * hFile, BOOL completedExecution);
+static BOOL PERFInitProgramInfo(LPWSTR command_line, LPWSTR exe_path);
+static BOOL PERFReadSetting( );
+static void PERFLogFileName(PathCharString * destFileString, const char *fileName, const char *suffix, int max_length);
+static void PERFlushAllLogs();
+static int PERFWriteCounters(pal_perf_api_info * table); 
+static BOOL PERFFlushLog(pal_perf_thread_info * local_buffer, BOOL output_header);
+static void PERFUpdateApiInfo(pal_perf_api_info *api, ULONGLONG duration);
+static char * PERFIsValidPath( const char * path );
+static char * PERFIsValidFile( const char * path, const char * file);
+
+typedef char PAL_API_NAME[PAL_PERF_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME];
+
+static PAL_API_NAME API_list[PAL_API_NUMBER] ;
+static pal_perf_program_info program_info;
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+static DWORD PERF_tlsTableKey=0 ;
+#else
+static pthread_key_t PERF_tlsTableKey=0 ;
+#endif
+
+static pal_thread_list_node * process_pal_thread_list=NULL;
+static BOOL pal_profile_on=FALSE;
+static BOOL pal_perf_enabled=FALSE;
+static char * pal_function_map=NULL;
+static char * perf_default_path=NULL;
+static char * traced_apis_file=NULL;
+static char * enabledapis_path=NULL;
+static char * profile_log_path=NULL;
+static char * profile_summary_log_name=NULL;
+static char * profile_time_log_name=NULL;
+static BOOL summary_only=FALSE;
+static BOOL nested_tracing=FALSE;
+static BOOL calibrate=FALSE;
+
+/* If report_only_called_apis is TRUE,
+   those PAL APIs with no function entry or exit
+   will not be shown in the PAL perf summary file. */
+static BOOL report_only_called_apis=FALSE;
+
+/* If the wait_for_startup is TRUE, process profiling
+   will not start until the application
+   has called PAL_EnableProcessProfile(). */
+static BOOL wait_for_startup=FALSE;
+
+/* The size of a PAL API execution CPU ticks histogram, i.e.,
+   Number of categories of frequency distrubution of PAL API
+   execution CPU ticks.*/
+static DWORD pal_perf_histogram_size = 0;
+
+/* The step size in CPU ticks of each category of the 
+   PAL API execution CPU ticks histogram.*/
+static DWORD pal_perf_histogram_step = 100;
+
+static const char PAL_PERF_TRACING[]="PAL_PERF_TRACING";
+static const char PAL_DEFAULT_PATH[]="PAL_PERF_DEFAULT_PATH";
+static const char PAL_PERF_TRACEDAPIS_PATH[]="PAL_PERF_TRACEDAPIS_FILE";
+static const char PAL_PERF_LOG_PATH[]="PAL_PERF_LOG_PATH";
+static const char PAL_PERF_SUMMARY_LOG_NAME[]="PAL_PERF_SUMMARY_LOG_NAME";
+static const char PAL_PERF_TIME_LOG_NAME[]="PAL_PERF_TIME_LOG_NAME";
+static const char PAL_PERF_ENABLED_APIS_PATH[]="PAL_PERF_ENABLEDAPIS_FILE";
+static const char PAL_SUMMARY_FLAG[]="PAL_PERF_SUMMARY_ONLY";
+static const char PAL_PERF_NESTED_TRACING[]="PAL_PERF_NESTED_TRACING";
+static const char PAL_PERF_CALIBRATE[]="PAL_PERF_CALIBRATE";
+static const char PAL_PERF_REPORT_ONLY_CALLED_APIS[]="PAL_PERF_REPORT_ONLY_CALLED_APIS";
+static const char PAL_PERF_WAIT_FOR_STARTUP[]="PAL_PERF_WAIT_FOR_STARTUP";
+static const char PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_SIZE[]="PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_SIZE";
+static const char PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_STEP[]="PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_STEP";
+static const char traced_apis_filename[]="PerfTracedAPIs.txt";
+static const char perf_enabled_filename[]="AllPerfEnabledAPIs.txt";
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+static const char PATH_SEPARATOR[] = "\\";
+#else
+static const char PATH_SEPARATOR[] = "/";
+#endif
+
+
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+#define LLFORMAT "%I64u"
+#else
+#define LLFORMAT "%llu"
+#endif
+
+static
+ULONGLONG
+PERFGetTicks(){
+#ifdef _X86_ // for BSD and Windows.
+    unsigned long a, d;
+  #ifdef _MSC_VER
+  __asm{
+            rdtsc
+            mov a, eax
+            mov d, edx
+       }
+  #else
+  #undef volatile
+  asm volatile("rdtsc":"=a" (a), "=d" (d));
+  #define volatile DoNotUseVolatileKeyword
+  #endif
+  return ((ULONGLONG)((unsigned int)(d)) << 32) | (unsigned int)(a);
+#else
+#ifdef __sparc__
+  return (ULONGLONG)gethrtime();
+#else
+  return 0; // on non-BSD and non-Windows, we'll return 0 for now.
+#endif // __sparc__
+#endif // _X86_
+}
+
+static
+double
+PERFComputeStandardDeviation(pal_perf_api_info *api)
+{
+    double n;
+    double sum_of_variance;
+    if (api->counter <= 1)
+        return 0.0;
+    n = (double) api->counter;
+    // Calculates standard deviation based on the entire population given as arguments.
+    // Same as stdevp in Excel.
+    sum_of_variance = (n*api->sum_of_square_duration) - (api->sum_duration*api->sum_duration);
+    if (sum_of_variance <= 0.0)
+        return 0.0;
+    return sqrt(sum_of_variance/(n*n));
+}
+
+
+static
+void
+PERFPrintProgramHeaderInfo(PERF_FILE * hFile, BOOL completedExecution)
+{
+    ULONGLONG etime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG ttime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG ptime = 0;
+    if (completedExecution) {
+       etime = program_info.elapsed_time;
+       ttime = program_info.total_duration;
+       ptime = program_info.pal_duration;
+    }
+    PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile,"#LOG\tversion=1.00\n");
+
+    PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "#MACHINE\thostname=%s\tcpu_clock_frequency=%g\n", program_info.hostname,
+        program_info.cpu_clock_frequency);
+    PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "#PROCESS\tprocess_id=%d\ttotal_latency=" LLFORMAT "\tthread_times=" LLFORMAT "\tpal_time=" LLFORMAT "\texe_path=%s\tcommand_line=%s\tstart_time=%s",
+        program_info.process_id, etime, ttime, ptime,
+        program_info.exe_path,program_info.command_line,program_info.start_time);
+}
+
+static
+BOOL
+PERFInitProgramInfo(LPWSTR command_line, LPWSTR exe_path)
+{
+    ULONGLONG start_tick;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    time_t tv;
+#else
+    struct timeval tv;
+#endif
+
+    if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, command_line, -1, 
+                        program_info.command_line, PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE-1, NULL, NULL) == 0)
+        return FALSE;
+    if (WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, exe_path, -1, 
+                        program_info.exe_path, PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE-1, NULL, NULL) == 0)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    gethostname(program_info.hostname, PAL_PERF_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME);
+    program_info.process_id = getpid();
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    time( &tv );
+    strcpy(program_info.start_time, ctime( &tv ));
+#else
+    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+    ctime_r(&tv.tv_sec, program_info.start_time);
+#endif
+
+    // estimate the cpu clock cycles
+    start_tick = PERFGetTicks();
+    if (start_tick != 0)
+    {
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+        Sleep(1000); //Sleep on Windows takes milliseconds as argument
+#else
+        sleep(1);
+#endif
+        program_info.cpu_clock_frequency = (double) (PERFGetTicks() - start_tick);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        program_info.cpu_clock_frequency = 0.0;
+    }
+
+    program_info.start_ticks = 0;
+    program_info.elapsed_time = 0;
+    program_info.total_duration = 0;
+    program_info.pal_duration = 0;
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static
+void
+PERFCalibrationFunction()
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(CalibrationFunction);
+    PERF_EXIT(CalibrationFunction);
+}
+
+void
+PERFCalibrate(const char* msg)
+{
+    ULONGLONG start_tick, cal_ticks;
+    int i=0;
+    int cal_length=100000;
+
+    if (calibrate) {
+       start_tick = PERFGetTicks();
+       for(i=0; i<cal_length; i++)
+       {
+          PERFCalibrationFunction();
+       }
+       cal_ticks = PERFGetTicks() - start_tick;
+       printf("%s: %g\n", msg, (double)(cal_ticks/cal_length));
+    }
+}
+
+BOOL
+PERFInitialize(LPWSTR command_line, LPWSTR exe_path)
+{
+    BOOL bRead;
+    BOOL ret = TRUE;
+
+    // Check if PAL Perf should be disabled
+    char *pal_perf_tracing_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_TRACING);
+    if ( pal_perf_tracing_env == NULL || strlen(pal_perf_tracing_env) == 0)
+    {
+        pal_perf_enabled = FALSE;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pal_perf_enabled = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (!PERFInitProgramInfo(command_line, exe_path))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    pal_profile_on = FALSE;  // turn it off until we setup everything. 
+    // allocate the TLS index for  structures 
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    if( ( PERF_tlsTableKey = TlsAlloc() ) == -1 )
+        ret = FALSE;
+#else
+    if( pthread_key_create(&PERF_tlsTableKey , NULL) != 0 )
+       ret = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+    if( ret == TRUE )
+    {
+        pal_function_map = (char*)PAL_malloc(PAL_API_NUMBER);
+        if(pal_function_map != NULL)
+        {  
+            bRead = PERFReadSetting( );  // we don't quit even we failed to read the file.
+            ret = TRUE;
+        }
+        /* free the index in TLS */
+        else
+        {
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+            TlsFree(PERF_tlsTableKey );
+#else
+            pthread_key_delete(PERF_tlsTableKey );
+#endif
+            ret = FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    PERFCalibrate("Overhead when profiling is disabled process-wide");
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+
+void PERFTerminate(  )
+{
+    static LONG pal_perf_terminated = FALSE;
+
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled || wait_for_startup)
+        return;
+
+    // make sure PERFTerminate is called only once
+    if (InterlockedCompareExchange(&pal_perf_terminated, TRUE, FALSE))
+        return;
+
+    PERFlushAllLogs();
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    TlsFree(PERF_tlsTableKey );
+#else
+        pthread_key_delete(PERF_tlsTableKey );
+#endif
+    PAL_free(pal_function_map);
+}
+
+
+BOOL PERFAllocThreadInfo(  )
+{
+    pal_perf_api_info * apiTable = NULL;
+    pal_thread_list_node * node = NULL;
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info = NULL;
+    char * log_buf = NULL;
+    int i;
+    BOOL ret = TRUE;
+
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled)
+        return TRUE;
+
+    /*  The memory allocated per thread for PAL perf tracing is never freed until PAL_Terminate
+        is called in the current implementation. If the test program keeps creating new threads,
+        memory resources could be exhausted. If this ever becomes a problem, the memory allocated
+        per thread should be freed when a thread exits. */
+
+    node = ( pal_thread_list_node * )PAL_malloc(sizeof(pal_thread_list_node));
+    if(node == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = FALSE;
+        goto PERFAllocThreadInfoExit;
+    }
+
+    local_info = (pal_perf_thread_info *)PAL_malloc(sizeof(pal_perf_thread_info)); 
+    if (local_info == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = FALSE;
+        goto PERFAllocThreadInfoExit;
+    }
+
+    apiTable = (pal_perf_api_info *)PAL_malloc( PAL_API_NUMBER *  sizeof(pal_perf_api_info));
+    if (apiTable == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = FALSE;
+        goto PERFAllocThreadInfoExit;
+    }
+
+    node->thread_info = local_info;
+    local_info->api_table=apiTable;
+    local_info->threadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+
+    for (i = 0; i < PAL_API_NUMBER; i++)
+    {
+        apiTable[i].entries = 0;
+        apiTable[i].counter = 0;
+        apiTable[i].min_duration = _UI64_MAX;
+        apiTable[i].max_duration = 0;
+        apiTable[i].sum_duration = 0;
+        apiTable[i].sum_of_square_duration = 0.0;
+        if (pal_perf_histogram_size > 0)
+        {
+            apiTable[i].histograms = (DWORD *)PAL_malloc(pal_perf_histogram_size*sizeof(DWORD));
+            if (apiTable[i].histograms == NULL)
+            {
+                ret = FALSE;
+                goto PERFAllocThreadInfoExit;
+            }
+            memset(apiTable[i].histograms, 0, pal_perf_histogram_size*sizeof(DWORD));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            apiTable[i].histograms = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    log_buf = (char * )PAL_malloc( PAL_PERF_PROFILE_BUFFER_SIZE );
+
+    if(log_buf == NULL)
+    {
+        ret = FALSE;
+        goto PERFAllocThreadInfoExit;
+    }
+
+    local_info->pal_write_buf=log_buf;
+    local_info->buf_offset = 0;
+    local_info->profile_enabled = FALSE; 
+    local_info->total_duration = 0;
+    local_info->start_ticks = 0;
+    memset(log_buf, 0, PAL_PERF_PROFILE_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    if ( TlsSetValue(PERF_tlsTableKey, local_info) == 0)
+        ret = FALSE;
+#else
+    if (pthread_setspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey, local_info) != 0)
+       ret = FALSE;
+#endif
+
+PERFAllocThreadInfoExit:
+    if (ret == TRUE)
+    {
+        node->next = process_pal_thread_list;
+        process_pal_thread_list = node;
+        PERFFlushLog(local_info, TRUE);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (node != NULL)
+        {
+            PAL_free(node);
+        }
+        if (local_info != NULL)
+        {
+            PAL_free(local_info);
+        }
+        if (apiTable != NULL)
+        {
+            for (i = 0; i < PAL_API_NUMBER; i++)
+            {
+                if (apiTable[i].histograms != NULL)
+                {
+                    PAL_free(apiTable[i].histograms);
+                }
+            }
+            PAL_free(apiTable);
+        }
+        if (log_buf != NULL)
+        {
+            PAL_free(log_buf);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static
+void
+PERFUpdateProgramInfo(pal_perf_thread_info* local_info)
+{
+    int i;
+
+    if (!local_info) return;
+
+    // add the elapsed time to the program's total
+    if (local_info->total_duration == 0)
+    {
+        // this thread did not go through PERFDisableThreadProfile code
+        // so compute the total elapsed time for the thread here
+        local_info->total_duration = PERFGetTicks() - local_info->start_ticks;
+    }
+    program_info.total_duration += local_info->total_duration;
+
+    // Add up all the time spent in PAL
+    if (local_info->api_table) {
+       for(i=0; i<PAL_API_NUMBER; i++) {
+         program_info.pal_duration += local_info->api_table[i].sum_duration;
+       }
+    }
+}
+
+
+static
+void
+PERFlushAllLogs( )
+{
+    pal_thread_list_node * current, * node;
+    pal_perf_api_info * table1, *table0;
+    int i; 
+    node = process_pal_thread_list;
+    if(node == NULL || node->thread_info == NULL || node->thread_info->api_table == NULL )   // should not come here 
+    {
+        return ;
+    }
+    process_pal_thread_list = process_pal_thread_list->next;
+    table0 = node->thread_info->api_table;
+
+    PERFUpdateProgramInfo(node->thread_info);
+
+    while(process_pal_thread_list)
+    {
+        current=process_pal_thread_list;
+        process_pal_thread_list = process_pal_thread_list->next;
+        if (current->thread_info)
+        {
+            if (current->thread_info->api_table)
+            {
+                table1 = current->thread_info->api_table;
+                for(i=0;i<PAL_API_NUMBER;i++)
+                { 
+                    DWORD j;
+                    if (table1[i].counter == 0)
+                    {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for (j = 0; j < pal_perf_histogram_size; j++)
+                    {
+                        table0[i].histograms[j] += table1[i].histograms[j];
+                    }
+                    table0[i].entries += table1[i].entries;
+                    table0[i].counter += table1[i].counter;
+                    if (table0[i].min_duration > table1[i].min_duration)
+                        table0[i].min_duration = table1[i].min_duration;
+                    if (table0[i].max_duration < table1[i].max_duration)
+                        table0[i].max_duration = table1[i].max_duration;
+                    table0[i].sum_duration += table1[i].sum_duration;
+                    table0[i].sum_of_square_duration += table1[i].sum_of_square_duration;
+               }
+                PERFUpdateProgramInfo(current->thread_info);
+                if (table1->histograms != NULL)
+                {
+                    PAL_free(table1->histograms);
+                }
+                PAL_free(table1);
+            }
+            PERFFlushLog(current->thread_info, FALSE);
+            PAL_free(current->thread_info->pal_write_buf);
+            PAL_free(current->thread_info);
+        }
+        PAL_free(current);
+    }
+    PERFWriteCounters(table0);
+    if (table0->histograms != NULL)
+    {
+        PAL_free(table0->histograms);
+    }
+    PAL_free(table0);
+    PERFFlushLog(node->thread_info, FALSE);
+    PAL_free(node->thread_info->pal_write_buf);
+    PAL_free(node->thread_info);
+    PAL_free(node);
+}
+
+static
+void
+PERFLogFileName(PathCharString& destFileString, const char *fileName, const char *suffix)
+{
+    const char *dir_path;
+    CPalThread* pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    dir_path = (profile_log_path == NULL) ? "." : profile_log_path;
+        
+    destFileString.Append(dir_path, strlen(dir_path));
+    destFileString.Append(PATH_SEPARATOR, strlen(PATH_SEPARATOR));
+    if (fileName != NULL)
+    {
+        destFileString.Append(fileName, strlen(fileName));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        char buffer[33];
+        char* process_id     = itoa(program_info.process_id, buffer, 10);
+        destFileString.Append(process_id, strlen(process_id));
+        destFileString.Append("_", 1);
+        
+        char* current_thread = itoa(THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId(),buffer, 10);
+        destFileString.Append(current_thread, strlen( current_thread));
+        destFileString.Append(suffix, strlen(suffix));
+    }
+    
+}
+
+static
+int
+PERFWriteCounters( pal_perf_api_info * table )
+{
+    PathCharString fileName;
+    pal_perf_api_info * off;
+    PERF_FILE * hFile;
+    int i;
+
+    off = table;
+    
+    PERFLogFileName(fileName, profile_summary_log_name, "_perf_summary.log");
+    hFile = PERF_FILEFN(fopen)(fileName, "a+");
+    if(hFile != NULL)
+    {   
+        PERFPrintProgramHeaderInfo(hFile, TRUE);
+        PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile,"#api_name\tapi_id\tperf_entries\tperf_exits\tsum_of_latency\tmin_latency\tmax_latency\tstd_dev_latency\tsum_of_square_latency\n");
+        for(i=0;i<PAL_API_NUMBER;i++)
+        {
+            double dev;
+            ULONGLONG min_duration;
+
+            min_duration = (off->min_duration == _UI64_MAX) ? 0 : off->min_duration;
+            if (off->counter >= 1)
+            {
+                dev = PERFComputeStandardDeviation(off);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dev = 0.0;
+            }
+
+            if (off->counter > 0 || !report_only_called_apis)
+            {
+                PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile,"%s\t%d\t" LLFORMAT "\t" LLFORMAT "\t" LLFORMAT "\t" LLFORMAT "\t" LLFORMAT "\t%g\t%g\n",
+                    API_list[i], i, off->entries, off->counter,off->sum_duration,
+                    min_duration, off->max_duration, dev, off->sum_of_square_duration);
+            }
+
+            off++;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return -1;
+    }
+    PERF_FILEFN(fclose)(hFile);
+
+    if (pal_perf_histogram_size > 0)
+    {
+        off = table;
+        PERFLogFileName(fileName, profile_summary_log_name, "_perf_summary.hist");
+        hFile = PERF_FILEFN(fopen)(fileName, "a+");
+
+        if (hFile != NULL)
+        {
+            DWORD j;
+            PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile,"#api_name\tapi_id");
+            for (j = 0; j < pal_perf_histogram_size; j++)
+            {
+                PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "\t%d", j*pal_perf_histogram_step);
+            }        
+            PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "\n");
+
+            for(i = 0; i < PAL_API_NUMBER; i++)
+            {
+                if (off->counter > 0)
+                {
+                    PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile,"%s\t%d", API_list[i], i);
+                    
+                    for (j = 0; j < pal_perf_histogram_size; j++)
+                    {
+                        PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "\t%d", off->histograms[j]);
+                    }
+                    
+                    PERF_FILEFN(fprintf)(hFile, "\n");
+                }
+
+                off++;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+        PERF_FILEFN(fclose)(hFile);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static
+BOOL 
+PERFReadSetting(  )
+{
+    // this function is not safe right now. 
+    //more code is required to deal with corrupted input file.
+    BOOL ret;
+    unsigned int index;
+    char line[PAL_PERF_MAX_INPUT];
+    char * ptr;
+    char function_name[PAL_PERF_MAX_FUNCTION_NAME];  //no function can be longer than 127 bytes.
+
+    char * file_name_buf;
+    PathCharString file_name_bufPS;
+    char  * input_file_name; 
+    char  * summary_flag_env;
+    char  * nested_tracing_env;
+    char  * calibrate_env;
+    char  * report_only_called_apis_env;
+    char  * wait_for_startup_env;
+    char  * pal_perf_histogram_size_env;
+    char  * pal_perf_histogram_step_env;
+
+#ifdef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    PAL_FILE * hFile;
+#else
+    FILE * hFile;
+#endif
+
+    if((pal_function_map == NULL) || (PAL_API_NUMBER < 0) )
+    {
+        // should not be here.
+    }
+
+    /* do some env setting here */
+    summary_flag_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_SUMMARY_FLAG); 
+    if (summary_flag_env == NULL || strlen(summary_flag_env) == 0) 
+    {
+        summary_only = FALSE;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        summary_only = TRUE; 
+    }
+    nested_tracing_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_NESTED_TRACING); 
+    if (nested_tracing_env == NULL || strlen(nested_tracing_env) == 0) 
+    {
+        nested_tracing = FALSE;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        nested_tracing = TRUE; 
+    }
+
+    calibrate_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_CALIBRATE); 
+    if (calibrate_env == NULL || strlen(calibrate_env) == 0) 
+    {
+        calibrate = FALSE;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        calibrate = TRUE; 
+    }
+
+    report_only_called_apis_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_REPORT_ONLY_CALLED_APIS); 
+    if (report_only_called_apis_env == NULL || strlen(report_only_called_apis_env) == 0) 
+    {
+        report_only_called_apis = FALSE;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        report_only_called_apis = TRUE; 
+    }
+
+    wait_for_startup_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_WAIT_FOR_STARTUP); 
+    if (wait_for_startup_env == NULL || strlen(wait_for_startup_env) == 0) 
+    {
+        wait_for_startup = FALSE;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        wait_for_startup = TRUE; 
+    }
+
+    pal_perf_histogram_size_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_SIZE); 
+    if (pal_perf_histogram_size_env != NULL && strlen(pal_perf_histogram_size_env) > 0) 
+    {
+        long value;
+        char *endptr;
+        value = strtol(pal_perf_histogram_size_env, &endptr, 10);
+        if (value > 0)
+        {
+            pal_perf_histogram_size = (DWORD) value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pal_perf_histogram_step_env = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_HISTOGRAM_STEP); 
+    if (pal_perf_histogram_step_env != NULL && strlen(pal_perf_histogram_step_env) > 0) 
+    {
+        long value;
+        char *endptr;
+        value = strtol(pal_perf_histogram_step_env, &endptr, 10);
+        if (value > 0)
+        {
+            pal_perf_histogram_step = (DWORD) value;
+        }
+    } 
+
+    traced_apis_file = PERFIsValidFile("", MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_TRACEDAPIS_PATH)); 
+    enabledapis_path = PERFIsValidFile("", MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_ENABLED_APIS_PATH));
+    profile_log_path = PERFIsValidPath(MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_LOG_PATH));
+    perf_default_path = PERFIsValidPath( MiscGetenv(PAL_DEFAULT_PATH));
+    profile_summary_log_name = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_SUMMARY_LOG_NAME);
+    if (profile_summary_log_name != NULL && strlen(profile_summary_log_name) == 0)
+        profile_summary_log_name = NULL;
+    profile_time_log_name = MiscGetenv(PAL_PERF_TIME_LOG_NAME);
+    if (profile_time_log_name != NULL && strlen(profile_time_log_name) == 0)
+        profile_time_log_name = NULL;
+
+    if( traced_apis_file == NULL)
+    {
+        if(perf_default_path==NULL)
+        { 
+            ret=FALSE;
+            input_file_name = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( PERFIsValidFile(perf_default_path,traced_apis_filename))
+            {
+                int length = strlen(perf_default_path) + strlen(PATH_SEPARATOR) + strlen(traced_apis_filename);
+                file_name_buf = file_name_bufPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+                if ((strcpy_s(file_name_buf, file_name_bufPS.GetSizeOf(), perf_default_path) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+                    (strcat_s(file_name_buf, file_name_bufPS.GetSizeOf(), PATH_SEPARATOR) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+                    (strcat_s(file_name_buf, file_name_bufPS.GetSizeOf(), traced_apis_filename) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS))
+                {
+                    file_name_bufPS.CloseBuffer(0);
+                    ret = FALSE;
+                    input_file_name = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    file_name_bufPS.CloseBuffer(length);
+                    input_file_name = file_name_buf;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ret = FALSE;
+                input_file_name=NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        input_file_name=traced_apis_file;
+    }
+
+    if(input_file_name)
+    { 
+#ifdef PLATFORM_UNIX
+        hFile = PAL_fopen(input_file_name, "r+");
+#else
+        hFile = fopen(input_file_name, "r+");
+#endif
+        if ( hFile == NULL )
+        {
+            memset(pal_function_map, 1, PAL_API_NUMBER);
+            ret = FALSE;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            memset(pal_function_map, 0, PAL_API_NUMBER);
+
+            PAL_fseek(hFile, 0L, SEEK_SET);
+
+            /* Read a line of data from file: */
+            while ( PAL_fgets(line, PAL_PERF_MAX_INPUT, hFile) != NULL )
+            {
+                if(strlen(line)==0)
+                    continue;
+                ptr = strchr( line, '#');
+                if( ptr )
+                    continue;
+                sscanf_s(line, "%s %u", function_name,&index);
+
+                if( index >= PAL_API_NUMBER)
+                {
+                        // some code here to deal with incorrect index.
+                        // use function name to cover it.
+                }
+                else if(pal_function_map[index]==1)
+                {
+                    // some code here to deal with conflict index.
+                    // use function name to cover it.
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    pal_function_map[index]=1;
+                }
+
+            }
+
+#ifdef PLATFORM_UNIX       
+            PAL_fclose(hFile);
+#else
+            fclose(hFile);
+#endif
+            ret = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        memset(pal_function_map, 1, PAL_API_NUMBER);
+        ret = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if( enabledapis_path == NULL)
+    {
+        if(perf_default_path==NULL)
+        {
+            input_file_name = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if( PERFIsValidFile(perf_default_path,perf_enabled_filename))
+            {
+                if ((strcpy_s(file_name_buf, sizeof(file_name_buf), perf_default_path) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+                    (strcat_s(file_name_buf, sizeof(file_name_buf), PATH_SEPARATOR) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+                    (strcat_s(file_name_buf, sizeof(file_name_buf), perf_enabled_filename) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS))
+                {
+                    ret = FALSE;
+                    input_file_name = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    input_file_name = file_name_buf;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+               input_file_name=NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        input_file_name=enabledapis_path;
+    }
+
+    if(input_file_name == NULL)
+    {
+        return ret; 
+    }
+
+#ifdef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    hFile = PAL_fopen(input_file_name, "r+");
+#else
+    hFile = fopen(input_file_name, "r+");
+#endif
+
+    if ( hFile != NULL )
+    {
+        PAL_fseek(hFile, 0L, SEEK_SET);
+
+        /* Read a line of data from file: */
+        while (PAL_fgets(line, PAL_PERF_MAX_INPUT, hFile) != NULL)
+        {
+            if(strlen(line)==0)
+                continue;
+            ptr = strchr( line, '#');
+            if( ptr )
+                continue;
+            sscanf_s(line, "%s %u", function_name,&index);
+
+            if( index >= PAL_API_NUMBER)
+            {
+                // some code here to deal with incorrect index.
+                // use function name to cover it.
+                continue; 
+            }
+
+            if (strcpy_s(API_list[index], sizeof(API_list[index]), function_name) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ret = FALSE;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+#ifdef PLATFORM_UNIX       
+        PAL_fclose(hFile);
+#else
+        fclose(hFile);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+
+}
+
+
+static
+BOOL
+PERFFlushLog(pal_perf_thread_info * local_info, BOOL output_header)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+    PathCharString fileName;
+    int nWrittenBytes = 0;
+    PERF_FILE * hFile;
+
+    if (summary_only)
+        return TRUE;
+
+    PERFLogFileName(fileName, profile_time_log_name, "_perf_time.log");
+
+    hFile = PERF_FILEFN(fopen)(fileName, "a+");
+
+    if(hFile)
+    {   
+        if (output_header)
+        {
+            PERFPrintProgramHeaderInfo(hFile, FALSE);
+        }
+        if (local_info->buf_offset > 0)
+        {
+            nWrittenBytes = PERF_FILEFN(fwrite)(local_info->pal_write_buf, local_info->buf_offset, 1, hFile);           
+            if (nWrittenBytes < 1)
+            {
+                ERROR("fwrite() failed with errno == %d\n", errno);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            local_info->buf_offset = 0;
+        }
+        PERF_FILEFN(fclose)(hFile);
+        ret = TRUE;
+    }
+    
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void
+PERFLogFunctionEntry(unsigned int pal_api_id, ULONGLONG *pal_perf_start_tick )
+{
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info=NULL;
+    pal_perf_api_info * table;
+    char * write_buf;
+    __int32  buf_off;
+    short bufused = 0;
+
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD tv;
+    DWORD last_error;
+    last_error = GetLastError();
+#else
+    struct timeval tv;
+#endif
+
+
+    if(!pal_perf_enabled || pal_function_map==NULL || !pal_profile_on )  // haven't initialize, just quit.
+        return;
+ 
+    if( pal_function_map[pal_api_id] )
+    {
+        local_info= (pal_perf_thread_info * )pthread_getspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey);
+  
+        if (local_info==NULL  )
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        if ( !local_info->profile_enabled ) /*  prevent recursion. */
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+        // turn on this flag before call any other functions
+        local_info->profile_enabled = FALSE; 
+        table = local_info->api_table;
+        table[pal_api_id].entries++;
+
+        if(!summary_only)
+        {            
+            write_buf = (local_info->pal_write_buf);
+            if(local_info->buf_offset >= PAL_PERF_BUFFER_FULL)
+            {
+                PERFFlushLog(local_info, FALSE);
+            }
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+            tv = GetTickCount();
+#else
+            gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+#endif
+
+            buf_off = local_info->buf_offset;
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+            bufused = snprintf(&write_buf[buf_off], PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE, "----> %d %lu entry.\n", pal_api_id, tv );
+#else
+            bufused = snprintf(&write_buf[buf_off], PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE, "----> %d %lu %06u entry.\n", pal_api_id, tv.tv_sec,  tv.tv_usec );
+#endif
+            local_info->buf_offset += bufused;
+        }
+        if(nested_tracing)
+            local_info->profile_enabled = TRUE; 
+        *pal_perf_start_tick = PERFGetTicks();
+    }
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+    return;
+}
+
+static
+void
+PERFUpdateApiInfo(pal_perf_api_info *api, ULONGLONG duration)
+{
+    DWORD iBucket;
+
+    api->counter++;
+    if (api->min_duration > duration)
+        api->min_duration = duration;
+    if (api->max_duration < duration)
+        api->max_duration = duration;
+    api->sum_duration += duration;
+    api->sum_of_square_duration += (double) duration * (double)duration;
+
+    if (pal_perf_histogram_size > 0)
+    {
+        iBucket = (DWORD)(duration / pal_perf_histogram_step);
+        if (iBucket >= pal_perf_histogram_size)
+        {
+            iBucket = pal_perf_histogram_size - 1;
+        }
+        api->histograms[iBucket]++;
+    }
+    
+}
+
+void 
+PERFLogFunctionExit(unsigned int pal_api_id, ULONGLONG *pal_perf_start_tick )
+{
+
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info;
+    char * buf;
+    short bufused = 0;
+    DWORD  off;
+    ULONGLONG duration = 0;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD timev;
+    DWORD last_error;
+    last_error = GetLastError();
+#else
+    struct timeval timev;
+
+#endif
+
+    if(!pal_perf_enabled || (pal_function_map == NULL) || !pal_profile_on ) // haven't initiallize yet, just quit.
+        return;
+
+    if (*pal_perf_start_tick != 0)
+    {
+        duration = PERFGetTicks() - *pal_perf_start_tick;
+    } 
+    else
+    {
+        return; // pal_perf_start_tick == 0 indicates that we exited PERFLogFunctionEntry before getting the ticks.
+    }
+
+    if( pal_function_map[pal_api_id] )
+    {
+        local_info = (pal_perf_thread_info*)pthread_getspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey);
+
+        if (NULL == local_info ){
+            return;
+        }
+        PERFUpdateApiInfo(&local_info->api_table[pal_api_id], duration);
+        *pal_perf_start_tick = 0;
+           
+        if(summary_only)
+        {
+            local_info->profile_enabled = TRUE;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+            SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+            return;
+        }
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+        timev = GetTickCount();
+#else
+        gettimeofday(&timev, NULL);
+#endif
+
+        buf = local_info->pal_write_buf;
+        if(local_info->buf_offset >= PAL_PERF_BUFFER_FULL)
+        {
+            PERFFlushLog(local_info, FALSE);
+        }
+        off = local_info->buf_offset;
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+        bufused = snprintf(&buf[off], PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE, "<---- %d %lu exit. \n", pal_api_id, timev);
+#else
+        bufused = snprintf(&buf[off], PAL_PERF_MAX_LOGLINE, "<---- %d %lu %06u exit. \n", pal_api_id, timev.tv_sec,  timev.tv_usec );
+#endif
+        local_info->buf_offset += bufused;
+        local_info->profile_enabled = TRUE;  
+    }
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+    return;
+}
+
+void
+PERFNoLatencyProfileEntry(unsigned int pal_api_id )
+{
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info=NULL;
+    pal_perf_api_info * table;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD last_error;
+    last_error = GetLastError();
+#endif
+
+    if(!pal_perf_enabled || pal_function_map==NULL || !pal_profile_on )  // haven't initialize, just quit.
+        return;
+    if( pal_function_map[pal_api_id] )
+    {
+         local_info= (pal_perf_thread_info * )pthread_getspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey);
+         if (local_info==NULL  )
+         {
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+            SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+            return;
+         }
+         else{
+            table = local_info->api_table;
+            table[pal_api_id].entries++;
+        }
+   }
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+   return;
+}
+
+
+void
+PERFEnableThreadProfile(BOOL isInternal)
+{
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD last_error;
+    last_error = GetLastError();
+#endif
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled)
+        return;
+    if (NULL != (local_info = (pal_perf_thread_info*)pthread_getspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey)))
+    {
+         if (!isInternal || nested_tracing) {
+            local_info->profile_enabled = TRUE;
+            local_info->start_ticks = PERFGetTicks();
+         }
+    }
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void
+PERFDisableThreadProfile(BOOL isInternal)
+{
+    pal_perf_thread_info * local_info;
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD last_error;
+    last_error = GetLastError();
+#endif
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled)
+        return;
+    if (NULL != (local_info = (pal_perf_thread_info*)pthread_getspecific(PERF_tlsTableKey)))
+    {
+         if (!isInternal || nested_tracing) {
+            local_info->profile_enabled = FALSE;
+            local_info->total_duration = PERFGetTicks() - local_info->start_ticks;
+         }
+    }
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    SetLastError( last_error );
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void
+PERFEnableProcessProfile(  )
+{
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled || wait_for_startup)
+        return;
+    pal_profile_on = TRUE;
+    PERFCalibrate("Overhead when profiling is disabled temporarily for a thread");
+    // record the cpu clock ticks at the beginning of the profiling.
+    program_info.start_ticks = PERFGetTicks();
+}
+
+
+void
+PERFDisableProcessProfile( )
+{
+    if (!pal_perf_enabled)
+        return;
+    pal_profile_on = FALSE;
+    // compute the total program duration in cpu clock ticks.
+    if (program_info.start_ticks != 0)
+    {
+        program_info.elapsed_time += (PERFGetTicks() - program_info.start_ticks);
+        program_info.start_ticks = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+BOOL
+PERFIsProcessProfileEnabled(  )
+{
+    return pal_profile_on;
+}
+
+static
+char *
+PERFIsValidPath( const char * path )
+{
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    DWORD result;
+#else
+    DIR * dir;
+#endif
+
+    if(( path==NULL) || (strlen(path)==0))
+       return NULL; 
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+    result = GetFileAttributesA( path );
+    if ((result != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) && (result & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
+    {
+        return ((char *) path );
+    }
+#else
+    dir = opendir(path);
+    if( dir!=NULL)
+    {
+        closedir(dir);
+        return ((char *)path);
+    }
+#endif
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static
+char * 
+PERFIsValidFile( const char * path, const char * file)
+{
+    FILE * hFile;
+    char * temp;
+    PathCharString tempPS;
+
+    if(file==NULL || strlen(file)==0) 
+        return NULL;
+
+	if ( strcmp(path, "") )
+    {
+        int length = strlen(path) + strlen(PATH_SEPARATOR) + strlen(file);
+        temp = tempPS.OpenStringBuffer(length);   
+        if ((strcpy_s(temp, sizeof(temp), path) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(temp, sizeof(temp), PATH_SEPARATOR) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(temp, sizeof(temp), file) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS))
+        {
+            tempPS.CloseBuffer(0);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        tempPS.CloseBuffer(length);
+        hFile = fopen(temp, "r");
+    }
+    else
+	{
+        hFile = fopen(file, "r");
+	}
+
+    if(hFile)
+    {
+	    fclose(hFile);
+        return ((char *) file);
+    }
+	else
+		return NULL;
+
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_EnableProcessProfile(VOID)
+{
+    wait_for_startup = FALSE;
+    pal_profile_on = TRUE;
+    PERFEnableProcessProfile();
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_DisableProcessProfile(VOID)
+{
+    pal_profile_on = FALSE;
+    PERFDisableProcessProfile();
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_IsProcessProfileEnabled(VOID)
+{
+    return PERFIsProcessProfileEnabled();
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+INT64
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetCpuTickCount(VOID)
+{
+    return PERFGetTicks();
+}
+
+#ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX
+#undef snprintf 
+#undef MiscGetenv
+#undef pthread_key_t
+#undef pthread_getspecific
+#endif /* ifndef PLATFORM_UNIX definitions */
+
+#endif /* PAL_PERF */
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/strutil.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/strutil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f00b4fde8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/strutil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    strutil.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Various string-related utility functions
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PAL);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalString::CopyString
+
+  Copies a CPalString into a new (empty) instance, allocating buffer space
+  as necessary
+
+Parameters:
+  psSource -- the string to copy from
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalString::CopyString(
+    CPalString *psSource
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+        
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psSource);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL == m_pwsz);
+    _ASSERTE(0 == m_dwStringLength);
+    _ASSERTE(0 == m_dwMaxLength);
+
+    if (0 != psSource->GetStringLength())
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(psSource->GetMaxLength() > psSource->GetStringLength());
+        
+        WCHAR *pwsz = reinterpret_cast<WCHAR*>(
+            InternalMalloc(psSource->GetMaxLength() * sizeof(WCHAR))
+            );
+
+        if (NULL != pwsz)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(NULL != psSource->GetString());
+
+            CopyMemory(
+                pwsz,
+                psSource->GetString(),
+                psSource->GetMaxLength() * sizeof(WCHAR)
+                );
+
+            m_pwsz = pwsz;
+            m_dwStringLength = psSource->GetStringLength();
+            m_dwMaxLength = psSource->GetMaxLength();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalString::FreeBuffer
+
+  Frees the contained string buffer
+
+--*/
+
+void
+CPalString::FreeBuffer()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != m_pwsz);
+    free(const_cast<WCHAR*>(m_pwsz));
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/sysinfo.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/sysinfo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..515ccf1cdb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/sysinfo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,363 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    sysinfo.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implements GetSystemInfo.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#if HAVE_SYSCTL
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#elif !HAVE_SYSCONF
+#error Either sysctl or sysconf is required for GetSystemInfo.
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/param.h>
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_VMPARAM_H
+#include <sys/vmparam.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_SYS_VMPARAM_H
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_VM_TYPES_H
+#include <mach/vm_types.h>
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_VM_TYPES_H
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_VM_PARAM_H
+#include <mach/vm_param.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_MACH_VM_PARAM_H
+
+#if HAVE_MACHINE_VMPARAM_H
+#include <machine/vmparam.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_MACHINE_VMPARAM_H
+
+#if defined(_TARGET_MAC64)
+#include <mach/vm_statistics.h>
+#include <mach/mach_types.h>
+#include <mach/mach_init.h>
+#include <mach/mach_host.h>
+#endif // defined(_TARGET_MAC64)
+
+// On some platforms sys/user.h ends up defining _DEBUG; if so
+// remove the definition before including the header and put
+// back our definition afterwards
+#if USER_H_DEFINES_DEBUG
+#define OLD_DEBUG _DEBUG
+#undef _DEBUG
+#endif
+#include <sys/user.h>
+#if USER_H_DEFINES_DEBUG
+#undef _DEBUG
+#define _DEBUG OLD_DEBUG
+#undef OLD_DEBUG
+#endif
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+#if defined(_HPUX_) && ( defined (_IA64_) || defined (__hppa__) )
+#include <sys/pstat.h>
+#include <sys/vmparam.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF && HAVE__SC_AVPHYS_PAGES
+#define SYSCONF_PAGES _SC_AVPHYS_PAGES
+#elif HAVE_SYSCONF && HAVE__SC_PHYS_PAGES
+#define SYSCONF_PAGES _SC_PHYS_PAGES
+#else
+#error Dont know how to get page-size on this architecture!
+#endif
+#endif // __APPLE__
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetSystemInfo
+
+GetSystemInfo
+
+The GetSystemInfo function returns information about the current system.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpSystemInfo
+       [out] Pointer to a SYSTEM_INFO structure that receives the information.
+
+Return Values
+
+This function does not return a value.
+
+Note:
+  fields returned by this function are:
+    dwNumberOfProcessors
+    dwPageSize
+Others are set to zero.
+
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+GetSystemInfo(
+          OUT LPSYSTEM_INFO lpSystemInfo)
+{
+    int nrcpus = 0;
+    long pagesize;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetSystemInfo);
+    ENTRY("GetSystemInfo (lpSystemInfo=%p)\n", lpSystemInfo);
+
+    pagesize = getpagesize();
+
+    lpSystemInfo->wProcessorArchitecture_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+    lpSystemInfo->wReserved_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+    lpSystemInfo->dwPageSize = pagesize;
+    lpSystemInfo->dwActiveProcessorMask_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF
+#if defined(_HPUX_) && ( defined (_IA64_) || defined (__hppa__) )
+    struct pst_dynamic psd;
+    if (pstat_getdynamic(&psd, sizeof(psd), (size_t)1, 0) != -1) {
+        nrcpus = psd.psd_proc_cnt;
+    }
+    else {
+        ASSERT("pstat_getdynamic failed (%d)\n", errno);
+    }
+
+#else // !__hppa__
+    nrcpus = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+    if (nrcpus < 1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sysconf failed for _SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN (%d)\n", errno);
+    }
+#endif // __hppa__
+#elif HAVE_SYSCTL
+    int rc;
+    size_t sz;
+    int mib[2];
+
+    sz = sizeof(nrcpus);
+    mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+    mib[1] = HW_NCPU;
+    rc = sysctl(mib, 2, &nrcpus, &sz, NULL, 0);
+    if (rc != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sysctl failed for HW_NCPU (%d)\n", errno);
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_SYSCONF
+
+    TRACE("dwNumberOfProcessors=%d\n", nrcpus);
+    lpSystemInfo->dwNumberOfProcessors = nrcpus;
+
+#ifdef VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMaximumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) VM_MAXUSER_ADDRESS;
+#elif defined(__sun__) || defined(_AIX) || defined(__hppa__) || ( defined (_IA64_) && defined (_HPUX_) ) || defined(__linux__)
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMaximumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) -1;
+#elif defined(USERLIMIT)
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMaximumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) USERLIMIT;
+#elif defined(_WIN64)
+#if defined(USRSTACK64)
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMaximumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) USRSTACK64;
+#else // !USRSTACK64
+#error How come USRSTACK64 is not defined for 64bit?
+#endif // USRSTACK64
+#elif defined(USRSTACK)
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMaximumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) USRSTACK;
+#else
+#error The maximum application address is not known on this platform.
+#endif
+
+    lpSystemInfo->lpMinimumApplicationAddress = (PVOID) pagesize;
+
+    lpSystemInfo->dwProcessorType_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+
+    lpSystemInfo->dwAllocationGranularity = pagesize;
+
+    lpSystemInfo->wProcessorLevel_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+    lpSystemInfo->wProcessorRevision_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetSystemInfo returns VOID\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(GetSystemInfo);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GlobalMemoryStatusEx
+
+GlobalMemoryStatusEx
+
+Retrieves information about the system's current usage of both physical and virtual memory.
+
+Return Values
+
+This function returns a BOOL to indicate its success status.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GlobalMemoryStatusEx(
+            IN OUT LPMEMORYSTATUSEX lpBuffer)
+{
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GlobalMemoryStatusEx);
+    ENTRY("GlobalMemoryStatusEx (lpBuffer=%p)\n", lpBuffer);
+
+    lpBuffer->dwMemoryLoad = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullAvailPhys = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullTotalPageFile = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullAvailPageFile = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullTotalVirtual = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullAvailVirtual = 0;
+    lpBuffer->ullAvailExtendedVirtual = 0;
+
+    BOOL fRetVal = FALSE;
+
+    // Get the physical memory size
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF && HAVE__SC_PHYS_PAGES
+    int64_t physical_memory;
+
+    // Get the Physical memory size
+    physical_memory = sysconf( _SC_PHYS_PAGES ) * sysconf( _SC_PAGE_SIZE );
+    lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys = (DWORDLONG)physical_memory;
+    fRetVal = TRUE;
+#elif HAVE_SYSCTL
+    int mib[2];
+    int64_t physical_memory;
+    size_t length;
+
+    // Get the Physical memory size
+    mib[0] = CTL_HW;
+    mib[1] = HW_MEMSIZE;
+    length = sizeof(INT64);
+    int rc = sysctl(mib, 2, &physical_memory, &length, NULL, 0);
+    if (rc != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sysctl failed for HW_MEMSIZE (%d)\n", errno);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys = (DWORDLONG)physical_memory;
+        fRetVal = TRUE;
+    }
+#elif // HAVE_SYSINFO
+    // TODO: implement getting memory details via sysinfo. On Linux, it provides swap file details that
+    // we can use to fill in the xxxPageFile members.
+
+#endif // HAVE_SYSCONF
+
+    // Get the physical memory in use - from it, we can get the physical memory available.
+    // We do this only when we have the total physical memory available.
+    if (lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys > 0)
+    {
+#ifndef __APPLE__
+        lpBuffer->ullAvailPhys = sysconf(SYSCONF_PAGES) * sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
+        INT64 used_memory = lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys - lpBuffer->ullAvailPhys;
+        lpBuffer->dwMemoryLoad = (DWORD)((used_memory * 100) / lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys);
+#else
+        vm_size_t page_size;
+        mach_port_t mach_port;
+        mach_msg_type_number_t count;
+        vm_statistics_data_t vm_stats;
+        mach_port = mach_host_self();
+        count = sizeof(vm_stats) / sizeof(natural_t);
+        if (KERN_SUCCESS == host_page_size(mach_port, &page_size))
+        {
+            if (KERN_SUCCESS == host_statistics(mach_port, HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vm_stats, &count))
+            {
+                lpBuffer->ullAvailPhys = (int64_t)vm_stats.free_count * (int64_t)page_size;
+                INT64 used_memory = ((INT64)vm_stats.active_count + (INT64)vm_stats.inactive_count + (INT64)vm_stats.wire_count) *  (INT64)page_size;
+                lpBuffer->dwMemoryLoad = (DWORD)((used_memory * 100) / lpBuffer->ullTotalPhys);
+            }
+        }
+        mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), mach_port);
+#endif // __APPLE__
+    }
+
+    // There is no API to get the total virtual address space size on 
+    // Unix, so we use a constant value representing 128TB, which is 
+    // the approximate size of total user virtual address space on
+    // the currently supported Unix systems.
+    static const UINT64 _128TB = (1ull << 47); 
+    lpBuffer->ullTotalVirtual = _128TB;
+    lpBuffer->ullAvailVirtual = lpBuffer->ullAvailPhys;
+
+    LOGEXIT("GlobalMemoryStatusEx returns %d\n", fRetVal);
+    PERF_EXIT(GlobalMemoryStatusEx);
+
+    return fRetVal;
+}
+
+PALIMPORT
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentProcessorNumber()
+{
+#if HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU
+    return sched_getcpu();
+#else //HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU
+    return -1;
+#endif //HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_HasGetCurrentProcessorNumber()
+{
+    return HAVE_SCHED_GETCPU;
+}
+
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetLogicalCpuCountFromOS()
+{
+    DWORD numLogicalCores = 0;
+
+#if HAVE_SYSCONF
+    numLogicalCores = sysconf(_SC_NPROCESSORS_ONLN);
+#endif
+
+    return numLogicalCores;
+}
+
+size_t
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetLogicalProcessorCacheSizeFromOS()
+{
+    size_t cacheSize = 0;
+
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_SIZE
+    cacheSize = max(cacheSize, sysconf(_SC_LEVEL1_DCACHE_SIZE));
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_SIZE
+    cacheSize = max(cacheSize, sysconf(_SC_LEVEL2_CACHE_SIZE));
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_SIZE
+    cacheSize = max(cacheSize, sysconf(_SC_LEVEL3_CACHE_SIZE));
+#endif
+#ifdef _SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_SIZE
+    cacheSize = max(cacheSize, sysconf(_SC_LEVEL4_CACHE_SIZE));
+#endif
+
+    return cacheSize;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/time.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/time.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..918f92a90f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/time.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    time.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of time related WIN API functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+#include <mach/mach_time.h>
+static mach_timebase_info_data_t s_TimebaseInfo;
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+/*++
+Function :
+TIMEInitialize
+
+Initialize all Time-related stuff related
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+TRUE  if Time support initialization succeeded
+FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL TIMEInitialize(void)
+{
+#if HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+    kern_return_t machRet;
+    if ((machRet = mach_timebase_info(&s_TimebaseInfo)) != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("mach_timebase_info() failed: %s\n", mach_error_string(machRet));
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetSystemTime
+
+The GetSystemTime function retrieves the current system date and
+time. The system time is expressed in Coordinated Universal Time
+(UTC).
+
+Parameters
+
+lpSystemTime 
+       [out] Pointer to a SYSTEMTIME structure to receive the current system date and time. 
+
+Return Values
+
+This function does not return a value.
+
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+GetSystemTime(
+          OUT LPSYSTEMTIME lpSystemTime)
+{
+    time_t tt;
+#if HAVE_GMTIME_R
+    struct tm ut;
+#endif  /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+    struct tm *utPtr;
+    struct timeval timeval;
+    int timeofday_retval;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetSystemTime);
+    ENTRY("GetSystemTime (lpSystemTime=%p)\n", lpSystemTime);
+
+    tt = time(NULL);
+
+    /* We can't get millisecond resolution from time(), so we get it from 
+       gettimeofday() */
+    timeofday_retval = gettimeofday(&timeval,NULL);
+    
+#if HAVE_GMTIME_R
+    utPtr = &ut;
+    if (gmtime_r(&tt, utPtr) == NULL)
+#else   /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+    if ((utPtr = gmtime(&tt)) == NULL)
+#endif  /* HAVE_GMTIME_R */
+    {
+        ASSERT("gmtime() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    lpSystemTime->wYear = 1900 + utPtr->tm_year;
+    lpSystemTime->wMonth = utPtr->tm_mon + 1;
+    lpSystemTime->wDayOfWeek = utPtr->tm_wday;
+    lpSystemTime->wDay = utPtr->tm_mday;
+    lpSystemTime->wHour = utPtr->tm_hour;
+    lpSystemTime->wMinute = utPtr->tm_min;
+    lpSystemTime->wSecond = utPtr->tm_sec;
+
+    if(-1 == timeofday_retval)
+    {
+        ASSERT("gettimeofday() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n",
+               errno, strerror(errno));
+        lpSystemTime->wMilliseconds = 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int old_seconds;
+        int new_seconds;
+    
+        lpSystemTime->wMilliseconds = timeval.tv_usec/tccMillieSecondsToMicroSeconds;
+    
+        old_seconds = utPtr->tm_sec;
+        new_seconds = timeval.tv_sec%60;
+   
+        /* just in case we reached the next second in the interval between 
+           time() and gettimeofday() */
+        if( old_seconds!=new_seconds )
+        {
+            TRACE("crossed seconds boundary; setting milliseconds to 999\n");
+            lpSystemTime->wMilliseconds = 999;
+        }  
+    }                        
+EXIT:
+    LOGEXIT("GetSystemTime returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(GetSystemTime);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetTickCount
+
+The GetTickCount function retrieves the number of milliseconds that
+have elapsed since the system was started. It is limited to the
+resolution of the system timer. To obtain the system timer resolution,
+use the GetSystemTimeAdjustment function.
+
+Parameters
+
+This function has no parameters. 
+
+Return Values
+
+The return value is the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since
+the system was started.
+
+In the ROTOR implementation the return value is the elapsed time since
+the start of the epoch.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetTickCount(
+         VOID)
+{
+    DWORD retval = 0;
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetTickCount);
+    ENTRY("GetTickCount ()\n");
+
+    // Get the 64-bit count from GetTickCount64 and truncate the results.
+    retval = (DWORD) GetTickCount64();
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetTickCount returns DWORD %u\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetTickCount);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+QueryPerformanceCounter(
+    OUT LARGE_INTEGER *lpPerformanceCount
+    )
+{
+    BOOL retval = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(QueryPerformanceCounter);
+    ENTRY("QueryPerformanceCounter()\n");
+    do
+#if HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+    {
+        struct timespec ts;
+        if (clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &ts) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC) failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            retval = FALSE;
+            break;
+        }
+        lpPerformanceCount->QuadPart = 
+            (LONGLONG)ts.tv_sec * (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToNanoSeconds + (LONGLONG)ts.tv_nsec;
+    }
+#elif HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+    {
+        lpPerformanceCount->QuadPart = (LONGLONG)mach_absolute_time();
+    }
+#elif HAVE_GETHRTIME
+    {
+        lpPerformanceCount->QuadPart = (LONGLONG)gethrtime();
+    }
+#elif HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME
+    {
+        timebasestruct_t tb;
+        read_real_time(&tb, TIMEBASE_SZ);
+        if (time_base_to_time(&tb, TIMEBASE_SZ) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("time_base_to_time() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            retval = FALSE;
+            break;
+        }
+        lpPerformanceCount->QuadPart = 
+            (LONGLONG)tb.tb_high * (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToNanoSeconds + (LONGLONG)tb.tb_low;
+    }
+#else
+    {
+        struct timeval tv;    
+        if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) == -1)
+        {
+            ASSERT("gettimeofday() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            retval = FALSE;
+            break;
+        }
+        lpPerformanceCount->QuadPart = 
+            (LONGLONG)tv.tv_sec * (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToMicroSeconds + (LONGLONG)tv.tv_usec;    
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC 
+    while (false);
+
+    LOGEXIT("QueryPerformanceCounter\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(QueryPerformanceCounter);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+QueryPerformanceFrequency(
+    OUT LARGE_INTEGER *lpFrequency
+    )
+{
+    BOOL retval = TRUE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(QueryPerformanceFrequency);
+    ENTRY("QueryPerformanceFrequency()\n");
+#if HAVE_GETHRTIME || HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME || HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+    lpFrequency->QuadPart = (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+#elif HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+    // use denom == 0 to indicate that s_TimebaseInfo is uninitialised.
+    if (s_TimebaseInfo.denom == 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("s_TimebaseInfo is uninitialized.\n");
+        retval = FALSE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        lpFrequency->QuadPart = (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToNanoSeconds * ((LONGLONG)s_TimebaseInfo.denom / (LONGLONG)s_TimebaseInfo.numer);
+    }
+#else
+    lpFrequency->QuadPart = (LONGLONG)tccSecondsToMicroSeconds;
+#endif // HAVE_GETHRTIME || HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME || HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC 
+    LOGEXIT("QueryPerformanceFrequency\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(QueryPerformanceFrequency);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  QueryThreadCycleTime
+
+Puts the execution time (in nanoseconds) for the thread pointed to by ThreadHandle, into the unsigned long
+pointed to by CycleTime. ThreadHandle must refer to the current thread. Returns TRUE on success, FALSE on
+failure.
+--*/
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+QueryThreadCycleTime(
+    IN HANDLE ThreadHandle,
+    OUT PULONG64 CycleTime
+    )
+{
+
+    ULONG64 calcTime;
+    FILETIME kernelTime, userTime;
+    BOOL retval = TRUE;
+
+    if(!GetThreadTimesInternal(ThreadHandle, &kernelTime, &userTime))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Could not get cycle time for current thread");
+        retval = FALSE;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    calcTime = ((ULONG64)kernelTime.dwHighDateTime << 32);
+    calcTime += (ULONG64)kernelTime.dwLowDateTime;
+    calcTime += ((ULONG64)userTime.dwHighDateTime << 32);
+    calcTime += (ULONG64)userTime.dwLowDateTime;
+    *CycleTime = calcTime;
+
+EXIT:
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetTickCount64
+
+Returns a 64-bit tick count with a millisecond resolution. It tries its best
+to return monotonically increasing counts and avoid being affected by changes
+to the system clock (either due to drift or due to explicit changes to system
+time).
+--*/
+PALAPI
+ULONGLONG
+GetTickCount64()
+{
+    ULONGLONG retval = 0;
+
+#if HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE || HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC
+    {
+        clockid_t clockType = 
+#if HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE
+            CLOCK_MONOTONIC_COARSE; // good enough resolution, fastest speed
+#else
+            CLOCK_MONOTONIC;
+#endif
+        struct timespec ts;
+        if (clock_gettime(clockType, &ts) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC*) failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        retval = (ts.tv_sec * tccSecondsToMillieSeconds)+(ts.tv_nsec / tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds);
+    }
+#elif HAVE_MACH_ABSOLUTE_TIME
+    {
+        // use denom == 0 to indicate that s_TimebaseInfo is uninitialised.
+        if (s_TimebaseInfo.denom == 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("s_TimebaseInfo is uninitialized.\n");
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        retval = (mach_absolute_time() * s_TimebaseInfo.numer / s_TimebaseInfo.denom) / tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+    }
+#elif HAVE_GETHRTIME
+    {
+        retval = (ULONGLONG)(gethrtime() / tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds);
+    }
+#elif HAVE_READ_REAL_TIME
+    {
+        timebasestruct_t tb;
+        read_real_time(&tb, TIMEBASE_SZ);
+        if (time_base_to_time(&tb, TIMEBASE_SZ) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("time_base_to_time() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        retval = (tb.tb_high * tccSecondsToMillieSeconds)+(tb.tb_low / tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds);
+    }
+#else
+    {
+        struct timeval tv;    
+        if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) == -1)
+        {
+            ASSERT("gettimeofday() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+        retval = (tv.tv_sec * tccSecondsToMillieSeconds) + (tv.tv_usec / tccMillieSecondsToMicroSeconds);
+    }
+#endif // HAVE_CLOCK_MONOTONIC 
+EXIT:    
+    return retval;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/tracepointprovider.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/tracepointprovider.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..8d20266688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/tracepointprovider.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+Module Name:
+
+    tracepointprovider.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Trace point provider support
+
+Revision History:
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h> 
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+/*++
+
+Initialization logic for LTTng tracepoint providers.
+
+--*/
+#if defined(__linux__)
+
+static const char tpLibName[] = "libcoreclrtraceptprovider.so";
+
+
+/*++
+
+NOTE: PAL_InitializeTracing MUST NOT depend on anything in the PAL itself
+as it is called prior to PAL initialization.
+
+Constructor priority is set to 200, which allows for constructors to
+guarantee that they run before or after this constructor by setting
+their priority appropriately.
+
+Priority values must be greater than 100.  The lower the value,
+the higher the priority.
+
+--*/
+__attribute__((__unused__))
+__attribute__((constructor (200)))
+static void
+PAL_InitializeTracing(void)
+{
+    // Get the path to the currently executing shared object (libcoreclr.so).
+    Dl_info info;
+    int succeeded = dladdr((void *)PAL_InitializeTracing, &info);
+    if(!succeeded)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Copy the path and modify the shared object name to be the tracepoint provider.
+    PathCharString tpProvPath;
+    int pathLen = strlen(info.dli_fname);
+
+    // Find the length of the full path without the shared object name, including the trailing slash.
+    int lastTrailingSlashLen = -1;
+    for(int i=pathLen-1; i>=0; i--)
+    {
+        if(info.dli_fname[i] == '/')
+        {
+            lastTrailingSlashLen = i+1;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Make sure we found the last trailing slash.
+    if(lastTrailingSlashLen == -1)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    SIZE_T tpLibNameLen = strlen(tpLibName);
+
+    if( !tpProvPath.Reserve(tpLibNameLen + lastTrailingSlashLen) ||  
+    // Copy the path without the shared object name.
+        !tpProvPath.Append(info.dli_fname, lastTrailingSlashLen) ||
+    // Append the shared object name for the tracepoint provider.
+        !tpProvPath.Append(tpLibName, tpLibNameLen))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    
+
+
+    // Load the tracepoint provider.
+    // It's OK if this fails - that just means that tracing dependencies aren't available.
+    dlopen(tpProvPath, RTLD_NOW | RTLD_GLOBAL);
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/utils.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1e333d19ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,320 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    misc/utils.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Miscellaneous helper functions for the PAL, which don't fit anywhere else
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+#include <mach/message.h>
+#endif //HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk
+
+  Opposite of wcspbrk : searches a string for the first character NOT in the 
+  given set
+
+Parameters :
+    LPWSTR lpwstr :   string to search
+    LPCWSTR charset : list of characters to search for
+                                      
+Return value :
+    pointer to first character of lpwstr that isn't in the set
+    NULL if all characters are in the set                                                                 
+--*/
+LPWSTR UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk(LPWSTR lpwstr, LPCWSTR charset)
+{
+    while(*lpwstr)
+    {
+        if(NULL == PAL_wcschr(charset,*lpwstr))
+        {
+            return lpwstr;
+        }
+        lpwstr++;
+    }                     
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet
+    
+    Takes a struct stat *
+    Returns true if the file is read only,
+--*/
+BOOL UTIL_IsReadOnlyBitsSet( struct stat * stat_data )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+
+    /* Check for read permissions. */
+    if ( stat_data->st_uid == geteuid() )
+    {
+        /* The process owner is the file owner as well. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IRUSR ) && !( stat_data->st_mode & S_IWUSR ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else if ( stat_data->st_gid == getegid() )
+    {
+        /* The process's owner is in the same group as the file's owner. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IRGRP ) && !( stat_data->st_mode & S_IWGRP ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Check the other bits to see who can access the file. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IROTH ) && !( stat_data->st_mode & S_IWOTH ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet
+    
+    Takes a struct stat *
+    Returns true if the file is executable,
+--*/
+BOOL UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( struct stat * stat_data )
+{
+    BOOL bRetVal = FALSE;
+
+    if ( (stat_data->st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    /* Check for read permissions. */
+    if ( stat_data->st_uid == geteuid() )
+    {
+        /* The process owner is the file owner as well. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IXUSR ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else if ( stat_data->st_gid == getegid() )
+    {
+        /* The process's owner is in the same group as the file's owner. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IXGRP ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* Check the other bits to see who can access the file. */
+        if ( ( stat_data->st_mode & S_IXOTH ) )
+        {
+            bRetVal = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bRetVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_WCToMB_Alloc
+    
+    Converts a wide string to a multibyte string, allocating the required buffer
+    
+Parameters :
+    LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr : string to convert
+    int cchWideChar : number of wide characters to convert
+                      (-1 to convert a complete null-termnated string)
+    
+Return Value :
+    newly allocated buffer containing the converted string. Conversion is 
+    performed using CP_ACP. Buffer is allocated with malloc(), release it 
+    with free().
+    In case if failure, LastError will be set.
+--*/
+LPSTR UTIL_WCToMB_Alloc(LPCWSTR lpWideCharStr, int cchWideChar)
+{
+    int length;
+    LPSTR lpMultiByteStr;
+
+    /* get required buffer length */
+    length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar, 
+                                 NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+    if(0 == length)
+    {
+        ERROR("WCToMB error; GetLastError returns %#x", GetLastError());
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate required buffer */
+    lpMultiByteStr = (LPSTR)PAL_malloc(length);
+    if(NULL == lpMultiByteStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc() failed! errno is %d (%s)\n", errno,strerror(errno));
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* convert into allocated buffer */
+    length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpWideCharStr, cchWideChar, 
+                                 lpMultiByteStr, length, NULL, NULL);
+    if(0 == length)
+    {
+        ASSERT("WCToMB error; GetLastError returns %#x\n", GetLastError());
+        PAL_free(lpMultiByteStr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return lpMultiByteStr;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function : 
+    UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc
+    
+    Converts a multibyte string to a wide string, allocating the required buffer
+    
+Parameters :
+    LPCSTR lpMultiByteStr : string to convert
+    int cbMultiByte : number of bytes to convert
+                      (-1 to convert a complete null-termnated string)
+    
+Return Value :
+    newly allocated buffer containing the converted string. Conversion is 
+    performed using CP_ACP. Buffer is allocated with malloc(), release it 
+    with free().
+    In case if failure, LastError will be set.
+--*/
+LPWSTR UTIL_MBToWC_Alloc(LPCSTR lpMultiByteStr, int cbMultiByte)
+{
+    int length;
+    LPWSTR lpWideCharStr;
+
+    /* get required buffer length */
+    length = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpMultiByteStr, cbMultiByte,
+                                      NULL, 0);
+    if(0 == length)
+    {
+        ERROR("MBToWC error; GetLastError returns %#x", GetLastError());
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* allocate required buffer */
+    size_t fullsize;
+    if (!ClrSafeInt<size_t>::multiply(length,sizeof(WCHAR),fullsize))
+    {
+        ERROR("integer overflow! length = %d , sizeof(WCHAR) = (%d)\n", length,sizeof(WCHAR) );
+        SetLastError(ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    lpWideCharStr = (LPWSTR)PAL_malloc(fullsize);
+    if(NULL == lpWideCharStr)
+    {
+        ERROR("malloc() failed! errno is %d (%s)\n", errno,strerror(errno));
+        SetLastError(FILEGetLastErrorFromErrno());
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* convert into allocated buffer */
+    length = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpMultiByteStr, cbMultiByte, 
+                                      lpWideCharStr, length);
+    if(0 >= length)
+    {
+        ASSERT("MCToMB error; GetLastError returns %#x\n", GetLastError());
+        PAL_free(lpWideCharStr);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return lpWideCharStr;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_MachErrorToPalError
+
+    Maps a Mach kern_return_t to a Win32 error code.
+--*/
+DWORD UTIL_MachErrorToPalError(kern_return_t MachReturn)
+{
+    switch (MachReturn)
+    {
+    case KERN_SUCCESS:
+        return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+
+    case KERN_NO_ACCESS:
+    case KERN_INVALID_CAPABILITY:
+        return ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+
+    case KERN_TERMINATED:
+        return ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+
+    case KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS:
+        return ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS;
+
+    case KERN_NO_SPACE:
+        return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+
+    case KERN_INVALID_ARGUMENT:
+        return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+    default:
+        ASSERT("Unknown kern_return_t value %d - reporting ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR\n", MachReturn);
+        return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach
+
+    Sets Win32 LastError according to the argument Mach kern_return_t value,
+    provided it indicates an error.  If the argument indicates success, does
+    not modify LastError.
+--*/
+void UTIL_SetLastErrorFromMach(kern_return_t MachReturn)
+{
+    DWORD palError = UTIL_MachErrorToPalError(MachReturn);
+    if (palError != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+}
+#endif //HAVE_VM_ALLOCATE
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/misc/version.cpp b/src/pal/src/misc/version.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a9f90a320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/misc/version.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    version.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of functions for getting platform.OS versions.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(MISC);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetVersionExA
+
+
+
+GetVersionEx
+
+The GetVersionEx function obtains extended information about the
+version of the operating system that is currently running.
+
+Parameters
+
+lpVersionInfo 
+       [in/out] Pointer to an OSVERSIONINFO data structure that the
+       function fills with operating system version information.
+
+       Before calling the GetVersionEx function, set the
+       dwOSVersionInfoSize member of the OSVERSIONINFO data structure
+       to sizeof(OSVERSIONINFO).
+
+Return Values
+
+If the function succeeds, the return value is a nonzero value.
+
+If the function fails, the return value is zero. To get extended error
+information, call GetLastError. The function fails if you specify an
+invalid value for the dwOSVersionInfoSize member of the OSVERSIONINFO
+structure.
+
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetVersionExA(
+	      IN OUT LPOSVERSIONINFOA lpVersionInformation)
+{
+    BOOL bRet = TRUE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetVersionExA);
+    ENTRY("GetVersionExA (lpVersionInformation=%p)\n", lpVersionInformation);
+
+    if (lpVersionInformation->dwOSVersionInfoSize == sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOA))
+    {
+        lpVersionInformation->dwMajorVersion = 5;       /* same as WIN2000 */
+        lpVersionInformation->dwMinorVersion = 0;       /* same as WIN2000 */
+        lpVersionInformation->dwBuildNumber = 0;
+        lpVersionInformation->dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_UNIX;
+        lpVersionInformation->szCSDVersion[0] = '\0'; /* no service pack */
+    } 
+    else 
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        bRet = FALSE;
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("GetVersionExA returning BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetVersionExA);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetVersionExW
+
+See GetVersionExA
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetVersionExW(
+	      IN OUT LPOSVERSIONINFOW lpVersionInformation)
+{
+    BOOL bRet = TRUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetVersionExW);
+    ENTRY("GetVersionExW (lpVersionInformation=%p)\n", lpVersionInformation);
+
+    if (lpVersionInformation->dwOSVersionInfoSize == sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOW))
+    {
+        lpVersionInformation->dwMajorVersion = 5;       /* same as WIN2000 */
+        lpVersionInformation->dwMinorVersion = 0;       /* same as WIN2000 */
+        lpVersionInformation->dwBuildNumber = 0;
+        lpVersionInformation->dwPlatformId = VER_PLATFORM_UNIX;
+        lpVersionInformation->szCSDVersion[0] = '\0'; /* no service pack */
+    } 
+    else 
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        bRet =  FALSE;
+    }
+    LOGEXIT("GetVersionExW returning BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetVersionExW);
+    return bRet;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.cpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27842f6d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    palobjbase.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    PAL object base class
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "palobjbase.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PAL);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+CObjectType* CObjectType::s_rgotIdMapping[ObjectTypeIdCount];
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::Initialize
+
+  Performs possibly-failing initialization for a newly-constructed
+  object
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  poa -- the object attributes (e.g., name) for the object
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalObjectBase::Initialize(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::Initialize"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, poa = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        poa
+        );
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize())
+    {
+        m_pvImmutableData = InternalMalloc(m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize());
+        if (NULL != m_pvImmutableData)
+        {
+            ZeroMemory(m_pvImmutableData, m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate immutable data\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto IntializeExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetProcessLocalDataSize())
+    {
+        palError = m_sdlLocalData.Initialize();
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to initialize local data lock!\n");
+            goto IntializeExit;
+        }
+        
+        m_pvLocalData = InternalMalloc(m_pot->GetProcessLocalDataSize());
+        if (NULL != m_pvLocalData)
+        {
+            ZeroMemory(m_pvLocalData, m_pot->GetProcessLocalDataSize());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate local data\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto IntializeExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 != poa->sObjectName.GetStringLength())
+    {
+        palError = m_oa.sObjectName.CopyString(&poa->sObjectName);
+    }
+
+IntializeExit:
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::Initialize returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::GetObjectType
+
+  Returns the type of the object
+--*/
+
+CObjectType *
+CPalObjectBase::GetObjectType(
+    VOID
+    )
+{
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::GetObjectType(this = %p)\n", this);
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::GetObjectType returns %p\n", m_pot);
+    
+    return m_pot;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::GetObjectAttributes
+
+  Returns the attributes of the object
+--*/
+
+CObjectAttributes *
+CPalObjectBase::GetObjectAttributes(
+    VOID
+    )
+{
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::GetObjectAttributes(this = %p)\n", this);
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::GetObjectAttributes returns %p\n", &m_oa);
+    
+    return &m_oa;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::GetImmutableData
+
+  Provides the caller access to the object's immutable data (if any)
+
+Parameters:
+  ppvImmutableData -- on success, receives a pointer to the object's
+    immutable data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalObjectBase::GetImmutableData(
+    void **ppvImmutableData             // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvImmutableData);
+    
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::GetImmutableData"
+        "(this = %p, ppvImmutableData = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        ppvImmutableData
+        );
+    
+    _ASSERTE(0 < m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize());
+
+    *ppvImmutableData = m_pvImmutableData;
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::GetImmutableData returns %d\n", NO_ERROR);
+
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::GetProcessLocalData
+
+  Provides the caller access to the object's local data (if any)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  eLockRequest -- specifies if the caller desires a read lock or a
+    write lock on the data (currently ignored)
+  ppDataLock -- on success, receives a pointer to the data lock instance
+    for the local data
+  ppvProcssLocalData -- on success, receives a pointer to the local data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalObjectBase::GetProcessLocalData(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    LockType eLockRequest,
+    IDataLock **ppDataLock,             // OUT
+    void **ppvProcessLocalData          // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(ReadLock == eLockRequest || WriteLock == eLockRequest);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppDataLock);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvProcessLocalData);
+    
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::GetProcessLocalData"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, eLockRequest = %d, ppDataLock = %p,"
+        " ppvProcessLocalData = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        eLockRequest,
+        ppDataLock,
+        ppvProcessLocalData
+        );
+    
+    _ASSERTE(0 < m_pot->GetProcessLocalDataSize());
+
+    m_sdlLocalData.AcquireLock(pthr, ppDataLock);
+    *ppvProcessLocalData = m_pvLocalData;
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::GetProcessLocalData returns %d\n", NO_ERROR);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::AddReference
+
+  Increments the object's reference count. The updated count is returned
+  for diagnostic purposes only
+--*/
+
+DWORD
+CPalObjectBase::AddReference(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    LONG lRefCount;
+
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::AddReference(this = %p)\n", this);
+
+    _ASSERTE(m_lRefCount > 0);
+    lRefCount = InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::AddReference returns %d\n", lRefCount);
+
+    return lRefCount;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::ReleaseReference
+
+  Decrements the object's reference count. The updated count is returned
+  for diagnostic purposes only
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+--*/
+
+DWORD
+CPalObjectBase::ReleaseReference(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    LONG lRefCount;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::ReleaseReference"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+
+    AcquireObjectDestructionLock(pthr);
+
+    _ASSERTE(m_lRefCount > 0); 
+
+    //
+    // Even though object destruction takes place under a lock
+    // we still need to use an interlocked decrement, as AddRef
+    // operates lock free
+    //
+
+    lRefCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount);
+
+    if (0 == lRefCount)
+    {
+        bool fCleanupSharedState = ReleaseObjectDestructionLock(pthr, TRUE);
+
+        //
+        // We need to do two things with the calling thread data here:
+        // 1) store it in m_pthrCleanup so it is available to the destructors
+        // 2) Add a reference to it before starting any cleanup, and release
+        //    that reference afterwords.
+        //
+        // Step 2 is necessary when we're cleaning up the thread object that
+        // represents the calling thread -- it ensures that the thread data
+        // is available throughout the entire cleanup process.
+        //
+
+        m_pthrCleanup = pthr;
+        pthr->AddThreadReference();
+
+        if (NULL != m_pot->GetObjectCleanupRoutine())
+        {
+            (*m_pot->GetObjectCleanupRoutine())(
+                pthr,
+                static_cast<IPalObject*>(this),
+                FALSE,
+                fCleanupSharedState
+                );
+        }
+
+        InternalDelete(this);
+
+        pthr->ReleaseThreadReference();
+    }
+    else
+    {       
+        ReleaseObjectDestructionLock(pthr, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::ReleaseReference returns %d\n", lRefCount);
+
+    return lRefCount;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CPalObjectBase::~CPalObjectBase
+
+  Object destructor
+--*/
+
+CPalObjectBase::~CPalObjectBase()
+{
+    ENTRY("CPalObjectBase::~CPalObjectBase(this = %p)\n", this);
+
+    if (NULL != m_pvImmutableData)
+    {
+        free(m_pvImmutableData);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != m_pvLocalData)
+    {
+        free(m_pvLocalData);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != m_oa.sObjectName.GetString())
+    {
+        m_oa.sObjectName.FreeBuffer();
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CPalObjectBase::~CPalObjectBase\n");
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.hpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4a7f4ac3ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/palobjbase.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    palobjbase.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    PAL object base class
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PALOBJBASE_HPP_
+#define _PALOBJBASE_HPP_
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{   
+    class CSimpleDataLock : IDataLock
+    {
+    private:
+
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_cs;
+        bool m_fInitialized;
+
+    public:
+
+        CSimpleDataLock()
+            :
+            m_fInitialized(FALSE)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual ~CSimpleDataLock()
+        {
+            if (m_fInitialized)
+            {
+                InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&m_cs);
+            }
+        };
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+            InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_cs);
+            m_fInitialized = TRUE;
+
+            return palError;
+        };
+
+        void
+        AcquireLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            IDataLock **pDataLock
+            )
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, &m_cs);
+            *pDataLock = static_cast<IDataLock*>(this);
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            bool fDataChanged
+            )
+        {
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, &m_cs);
+        };
+        
+    };
+    
+    class CPalObjectBase : public IPalObject
+    { 
+        template <class T> friend void InternalDelete(T *p);
+        
+    protected:
+
+        LONG m_lRefCount;
+
+        VOID *m_pvImmutableData;
+        VOID *m_pvLocalData;
+
+        CObjectType *m_pot;
+        CObjectAttributes m_oa;
+
+        CSimpleDataLock m_sdlLocalData;
+
+        //
+        // The thread that initiated object cleanup
+        //
+
+        CPalThread *m_pthrCleanup;
+
+        virtual ~CPalObjectBase();
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        AcquireObjectDestructionLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            ) = 0;
+
+        virtual
+        bool
+        ReleaseObjectDestructionLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            bool fDestructionPending
+            ) = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        CPalObjectBase(
+            CObjectType *pot
+            )
+            :
+            m_lRefCount(1),
+            m_pvImmutableData(NULL),
+            m_pvLocalData(NULL),
+            m_pot(pot),
+            m_pthrCleanup(NULL)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa
+            );
+
+        //
+        // IPalObject routines
+        //
+        
+        virtual
+        CObjectType *
+        GetObjectType(
+            VOID
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        CObjectAttributes *
+        GetObjectAttributes(
+            VOID
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetImmutableData(
+            void **ppvImmutableData             // OUT
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetProcessLocalData(
+            CPalThread *pthr,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+            LockType eLockRequest,
+            IDataLock **ppDataLock,             // OUT
+            void **ppvProcessLocalData          // OUT
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        DWORD
+        AddReference(
+            void
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        DWORD
+        ReleaseReference(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _PALOBJBASE_HPP_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.cpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1435d5d734
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1471 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmobject.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based object
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "shmobject.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PAL);
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::Initialize
+
+  Performs possibly-failing initialization for a newly-constructed
+  object
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  poa -- the object attributes (e.g., name) for the object
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::Initialize(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMObjData *psmod = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr); 
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::Initialize"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, poa = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        poa
+        );
+
+    palError = CPalObjectBase::Initialize(pthr, poa);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InitializeExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // If this is a named object it needs to go into the shared domain;
+    // otherwise it remains local
+    //
+
+    if (0 != m_oa.sObjectName.GetStringLength())
+    {   
+        m_ObjectDomain = SharedObject;
+
+        palError = AllocateSharedDataItems(&m_shmod, &psmod);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError || NULL == psmod)
+        {
+            goto InitializeExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetSharedDataSize())
+    {       
+        if (SharedObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+        {
+            //
+            // Map the shared data into our address space
+            //
+            if (NULL == psmod)
+            {
+                ASSERT("psmod should not be NULL");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto InitializeExit;
+            } 
+
+            m_pvSharedData = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(VOID, psmod->shmObjSharedData);
+            if (NULL == m_pvSharedData)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Unable to map shared data area\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto InitializeExit;
+            }
+        }
+        else 
+        {
+            //
+            // Initialize the local shared data lock.
+            //
+
+            palError = m_sdlSharedData.Initialize();
+            if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+            {
+                ERROR("Failure initializing m_sdlSharedData\n");
+                goto InitializeExit;
+            } 
+        
+            //
+            // Allocate local memory to hold the shared data
+            //
+
+            m_pvSharedData = InternalMalloc(m_pot->GetSharedDataSize());
+            if (NULL == m_pvSharedData)
+            {
+                ERROR("Failure allocating m_pvSharedData (local copy)\n");
+                palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+                goto InitializeExit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ZeroMemory(m_pvSharedData, m_pot->GetSharedDataSize());
+    }
+
+
+InitializeExit:
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::Initalize returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::InitializeFromExistingSharedData
+
+  Performs possibly-failing initialization for a newly-constructed
+  object that is to represent an existing object (i.e., importing
+  a shared object into this process)
+
+  The shared memory lock must be held when calling this method
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  poa -- the object attributes for the object
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::InitializeFromExistingSharedData(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMObjData *psmod = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::InitializeFromExistingSharedData"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, poa = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        poa
+        );
+
+    //
+    // This object is obviously shared...
+    //
+
+    m_ObjectDomain = SharedObject;
+
+    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL != m_shmod);
+
+    psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, m_shmod);
+    if (NULL == psmod)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to map shared object data\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // When we're being called on the duplicate handle path the passed
+    // in object attributes likely won't have an object name in it.
+    // If there is an object name in the shared data place that in the
+    // object attributs so that the constructed object has a local copy
+    // of the name
+    //
+
+    if (0 == poa->sObjectName.GetStringLength()
+        && 0 != psmod->dwNameLength)
+    {
+        WCHAR *wsz;
+
+        wsz = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(WCHAR, psmod->shmObjName);
+        if (NULL != wsz)
+        {
+            poa->sObjectName.SetStringWithLength(wsz, psmod->dwNameLength);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to map object name\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit;
+        }
+    }
+#if _DEBUG
+    else if (0 != psmod->dwNameLength)
+    {
+        WCHAR *wsz;
+
+        //
+        // Verify that the names are consistent
+        //
+
+        wsz = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(WCHAR, psmod->shmObjName);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != wsz);
+        _ASSERTE(0 == PAL_wcscmp(wsz, poa->sObjectName.GetString()));
+    }
+#endif // debug
+
+    palError = CPalObjectBase::Initialize(pthr, poa);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit;
+    }
+
+    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmObjImmutableData)
+    {
+        VOID *pv = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(VOID, psmod->shmObjImmutableData);
+        if (NULL != pv)
+        {
+            memcpy(m_pvImmutableData, pv, m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to map object immutable data\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmObjSharedData)
+    {
+        m_pvSharedData = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(VOID, psmod->shmObjSharedData);
+        if (NULL == m_pvSharedData)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to map object shared data\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != m_pot->GetObjectInitRoutine())
+    {
+        palError = (*m_pot->GetObjectInitRoutine())(
+            pthr,
+            m_pot,
+            m_pvImmutableData,
+            m_pvSharedData,
+            m_pvLocalData
+            );
+    }
+
+InitializeFromExistingSharedDataExit:
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::InitalizeFromExistingSharedData returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::AllocatedSharedDataItems
+
+  Allocates and initialiazes the shared memory structures necessary to make an
+  object available to other processes
+
+Parameters:
+  pshmObjData -- on success, receives the shared memory pointer for the
+    shared memory object data
+  ppsmod -- on success, receives the locally-mapped pointer for the shared
+    memory object data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::AllocateSharedDataItems(
+    SHMPTR *pshmObjData,
+    SHMObjData **ppsmod
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMPTR shmod = SHMNULL;
+    SHMObjData *psmod = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pshmObjData);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppsmod);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::AllocateSharedDataItems"
+        "(this = %p, pshmObjData = %p, ppsmod = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pshmObjData,
+        ppsmod
+        );
+        
+    //
+    // We're about to make a number of shared memory allocations,
+    // so grab the lock for the entirety of the routine.
+    //
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    shmod = SHMalloc(sizeof(SHMObjData));
+    if (SHMNULL == shmod)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate m_shmod for new object\n");
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto AllocateSharedDataItemsExit;
+    }
+
+    psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, shmod);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psmod);
+
+    ZeroMemory(psmod, sizeof(*psmod));
+
+    psmod->eTypeId = m_pot->GetId();
+    psmod->lProcessRefCount = 1;
+
+    if (0 != m_oa.sObjectName.GetStringLength())
+    {
+        psmod->dwNameLength = m_oa.sObjectName.GetStringLength();
+        psmod->shmObjName = SHMWStrDup(m_oa.sObjectName.GetString());
+        if (SHMNULL == psmod->shmObjName)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate psmod->shmObjName for new object\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto AllocateSharedDataItemsExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize())
+    {
+        //
+        // The shared copy of the object's immutable data will be initialized
+        // by CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RegisterObject or PromoteSharedData
+        //
+        
+        psmod->shmObjImmutableData = SHMalloc(m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize());
+        if (SHMNULL == psmod->shmObjImmutableData)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate psmod->shmObjImmutableData for new object\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto AllocateSharedDataItemsExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetSharedDataSize())
+    {
+        psmod->shmObjSharedData = SHMalloc(m_pot->GetSharedDataSize());
+        if (SHMNULL == psmod->shmObjSharedData)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate psmod->shmObjSharedData for new object\n");
+            palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+            goto AllocateSharedDataItemsExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *pshmObjData = shmod;
+    *ppsmod = psmod;
+
+AllocateSharedDataItemsExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError && SHMNULL != shmod)
+    {
+        FreeSharedDataAreas(shmod);
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::AllocateSharedDataItems returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::FreeSharedDataItems
+
+  Frees the shared memory structures referenced by the provided shared
+  memory pointer
+
+Parameters:
+  shmObjData -- shared memory pointer to the structures to free
+--*/
+
+// static
+void
+CSharedMemoryObject::FreeSharedDataAreas(
+    SHMPTR shmObjData
+    )
+{
+    SHMObjData *psmod;
+
+    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL != shmObjData);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::FreeSharedDataAreas"
+        "(shmObjData = %p)\n",
+        shmObjData
+        );
+
+    SHMLock();
+        
+    psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, shmObjData);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psmod);
+    
+    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmObjImmutableData)
+    {
+        SHMfree(psmod->shmObjImmutableData);
+    }
+
+    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmObjSharedData)
+    {
+        SHMfree(psmod->shmObjSharedData);
+    }
+
+    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmObjName)
+    {
+        SHMfree(psmod->shmObjName);
+    }
+    
+    SHMfree(shmObjData);
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::FreeSharedDataAreas\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::PromoteShjaredData
+
+  Copies the object's state into the passed-in shared data structures
+
+Parameters:
+  shmObjData -- shared memory pointer for the shared memory object data
+  psmod -- locally-mapped pointer for the shared memory object data
+--*/
+
+void
+CSharedMemoryObject::PromoteSharedData(
+    SHMPTR shmObjData,
+    SHMObjData *psmod
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL != shmObjData);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psmod);
+    
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::PromoteSharedData"
+        "(this = %p, shmObjData = %p, psmod = %p)\n",
+        this, 
+        shmObjData,
+        psmod);
+    
+    //
+    // psmod has been zero-inited, so we don't need to worry about
+    // shmPrevObj, shmNextObj, fAddedToList, shmObjName, dwNameLength,
+    // or pvSynchData
+    //
+    
+    psmod->lProcessRefCount = 1;
+    psmod->eTypeId = m_pot->GetId();
+    
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize())
+    {
+        void *pvImmutableData;
+
+        pvImmutableData = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(void, psmod->shmObjImmutableData);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pvImmutableData);
+
+        CopyMemory(
+            pvImmutableData,
+            m_pvImmutableData,
+            m_pot->GetImmutableDataSize()
+            );
+    }
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetSharedDataSize())
+    {
+        void *pvSharedData;
+
+        pvSharedData = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(void, psmod->shmObjSharedData);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pvSharedData);
+
+        CopyMemory(
+            pvSharedData,
+            m_pvSharedData,
+            m_pot->GetSharedDataSize()
+            );
+        
+        free(m_pvSharedData);
+        m_pvSharedData = pvSharedData;
+    }
+
+    m_shmod = shmObjData;
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::PromoteSharedData\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::EnsureObjectIsShared
+
+  If this object is not yet in the shared domain allocate the necessary
+  shared memory structures for it and copy the object's data into those
+  structures
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for the calling thread
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::EnsureObjectIsShared(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    SHMPTR shmObjData;
+    SHMObjData *psmod;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::EnsureObjectIsShared"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+
+    //
+    // Grab the shared memory lock and check if the object is already
+    // shared
+    //
+    
+    SHMLock();
+
+    if (SharedObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+    {
+        goto EnsureObjectIsSharedExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Grab the local shared data lock, if necessary
+    //
+    
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetSharedDataSize())
+    {
+        m_sdlSharedData.AcquireLock(pthr, &pDataLock);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Allocate the necessary shared data areas
+    //
+
+    palError = AllocateSharedDataItems(&shmObjData, &psmod);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto EnsureObjectIsSharedExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Promote the object's data and set the domain to shared
+    //
+
+    PromoteSharedData(shmObjData, psmod);
+    m_ObjectDomain = SharedObject;
+
+EnsureObjectIsSharedExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pthr, TRUE);
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::EnsureObjectIsShared returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;    
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::CleanupForProcessShutdown
+
+  Cleanup routine called by the object manager when shutting down
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for the calling thread
+--*/
+
+void
+CSharedMemoryObject::CleanupForProcessShutdown(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    bool fCleanupSharedState;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::CleanupForProcessShutdown"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+
+    fCleanupSharedState = DereferenceSharedData();
+
+    if (NULL != m_pot->GetObjectCleanupRoutine())
+    {
+        (*m_pot->GetObjectCleanupRoutine())(
+            pthr,
+            static_cast<IPalObject*>(this),
+            TRUE,
+            fCleanupSharedState
+            );
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We need to do two things with the calling thread data here:
+    // 1) store it in m_pthrCleanup so it is available to the destructors
+    // 2) Add a reference to it before starting any cleanup, and release
+    //    that reference afterwords.
+    //
+    // Step 2 is necessary when we're cleaning up the thread object that
+    // represents the calling thread -- it ensures that the thread data
+    // is available throughout the entire cleanup process.
+    //
+
+    m_pthrCleanup = pthr;
+    pthr->AddThreadReference();
+    
+    InternalDelete(this);
+
+    pthr->ReleaseThreadReference();
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::CleanupForProcessShutdown\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::AcquiteObjectDestructionLock
+
+  Acquires the lock that must be held when decrementing the object's
+  reference count (and, if the count drops to 0, while removing the
+  object from the object manager's lists).
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for the calling thread
+--*/
+
+void
+CSharedMemoryObject::AcquireObjectDestructionLock(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::AcquireObjectDestructionLock"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = $p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+    
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, m_pcsObjListLock);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::AcquireObjectDestructionLock\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::ReleaseObjectDestructionLock
+
+  Releases the lock acquired by AcquireObjectDestructionLock
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for the calling thread
+  fDestructionPending -- if TRUE, the reference count for this
+    object has dropped to 0; the object will be destroyed after
+    this routine returns
+--*/
+
+bool
+CSharedMemoryObject::ReleaseObjectDestructionLock(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    bool fDestructionPending
+    )
+{
+    bool fCleanupSharedState = FALSE;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::ReleaseObjectDestructionLock"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, fDestructionPending = %d\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        fDestructionPending
+        );
+    
+    if (fDestructionPending)
+    {
+        RemoveEntryList(&m_le);
+        fCleanupSharedState = DereferenceSharedData();
+    }
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, m_pcsObjListLock);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::ReleaseObjectDestructionLock returns %d\n",
+        fCleanupSharedState
+        );
+
+    return fCleanupSharedState;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::DereferenceSharedData
+
+  Called to decrement the global refcount (i.e., the count of
+  the number of processes that have reference to the object) when
+  the local reference to the object is being destroyed.
+
+Return value:
+  Returns TRUE if this process needs to clean up the object's shared
+  data (i.e., the global refcount has dropped to 0, or the object
+  is in the local domain)
+--*/
+
+bool
+CSharedMemoryObject::DereferenceSharedData()
+{
+    LONG fSharedDataAlreadDereferenced;
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::DereferenceSharedData(this = %p)\n", this);
+
+    fSharedDataAlreadDereferenced = InterlockedExchange(
+        &m_fSharedDataDereferenced,
+        TRUE
+        );
+
+    if (!fSharedDataAlreadDereferenced)
+    {   
+        if (SHMNULL != m_shmod)
+        {
+            SHMObjData *psmod;
+            
+            SHMLock();
+
+            psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, m_shmod);
+            _ASSERTE(NULL != psmod);
+            
+            psmod->lProcessRefCount -= 1;
+            if (0 == psmod->lProcessRefCount)
+            {
+                //
+                // No other process is using this object, so remove
+                // it from the shared memory named object list (if it
+                // had been added to it). The final cleanup will happen
+                // in the object's destructor
+                //
+
+                m_fDeleteSharedData = TRUE;
+
+                if (psmod->fAddedToList)
+                {
+                    //
+                    // This object better have a name...
+                    //
+
+                    _ASSERTE(0 != psmod->dwNameLength);
+
+                    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmPrevObj)
+                    {
+                        SHMObjData *psmodPrevious = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, psmod->shmPrevObj);
+                        _ASSERTE(NULL != psmodPrevious);
+
+                        psmodPrevious->shmNextObj = psmod->shmNextObj;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This object is the head of the shared memory named object
+                        // list -- reset that pointer now
+                        //
+
+                        if (!SHMSetInfo(SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS, psmod->shmNextObj))
+                        {
+                            ASSERT("Failed to set shared named object list head");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (SHMNULL != psmod->shmNextObj)
+                    {
+                        SHMObjData *psmodNext = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, psmod->shmNextObj);
+                        _ASSERTE(NULL != psmodNext);
+                        
+                        psmodNext->shmPrevObj = psmod->shmPrevObj;
+                    }
+                }
+#if _DEBUG                
+                else
+                {
+                    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL == psmod->shmPrevObj);
+                    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL == psmod->shmNextObj);
+                }
+#endif                
+            }
+
+            SHMRelease();
+        }
+        else if (ProcessLocalObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+        {
+            //
+            // If the object is local the shared data needs to be
+            // deleted by definition
+            //
+            
+            m_fDeleteSharedData = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Multiple calls to DereferenceSharedData\n");
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::DereferenceSharedData returns %d\n",
+        m_fDeleteSharedData
+        );
+
+    return m_fDeleteSharedData;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::~CSharedMemoryObject
+
+  Destructor; should only be called from ReleaseReference
+--*/
+
+CSharedMemoryObject::~CSharedMemoryObject()
+{
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::~CSharedMemoryObject(this = %p)\n", this);
+    
+    if (!m_fSharedDataDereferenced)
+    {
+        ASSERT("DereferenceSharedData not called before object destructor -- delete called directly?\n");
+        DereferenceSharedData();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != m_pvSharedData && ProcessLocalObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+    {
+        free(m_pvSharedData);
+    }
+    else if (SHMNULL != m_shmod && m_fDeleteSharedData)
+    {
+        FreeSharedDataAreas(m_shmod);        
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::~CSharedMemoryObject\n");
+}
+
+//
+// C++ standard, 18.1.5 - offsetof requires a POD (plain old data) struct or
+// union. Since offsetof is a macro, gcc doesn't actually check for improper
+// use of offsetof, it keys off of the -> from NULL (which is also invalid for
+// non-POD types by 18.1.5)
+//
+// As we have numerous examples of this behavior in our codebase,
+// making an offsetof which doesn't use 0.
+//
+// PAL_safe_offsetof is a version of offsetof that protects against an
+// overridden operator&
+//
+
+#define PAL_safe_offsetof(s,m) ((size_t)((ptrdiff_t)&(char&)(((s *)64)->m))-64)
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink
+
+  Given a list link returns the object that contains it. Since m_le is
+  protected the caller cannot perform this computation directly
+
+Parameters:
+  ple -- the list entry to obtain the object for
+--*/
+
+// static
+CSharedMemoryObject*
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(PLIST_ENTRY ple)
+{
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmo;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ple);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(ple = %p)\n", ple);
+    
+    //
+    // Ideally we'd use CONTAINING_RECORD here, but it uses offsetof (see above
+    // comment
+    //
+    
+    pshmo = reinterpret_cast<CSharedMemoryObject*>(
+        reinterpret_cast<size_t>(ple) - PAL_safe_offsetof(CSharedMemoryObject, m_le)
+        );
+
+    _ASSERTE(ple == &pshmo->m_le);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink returns %p\n", pshmo);
+
+    return pshmo;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetSharedData
+
+  Provides the caller access to the object's shared data (if any)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  eLockRequest -- specifies if the caller desires a read lock or a
+    write lock on the data (currently ignored)
+  ppDataLock -- on success, receives a pointer to the data lock instance
+    for the shared data
+  ppvProcssSharedData -- on success, receives a pointer to the shared data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetSharedData(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    LockType eLockRequest,
+    IDataLock **ppDataLock,             // OUT
+    void **ppvSharedData                // OUT
+    )
+{
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(ReadLock == eLockRequest || WriteLock == eLockRequest);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppDataLock);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvSharedData);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObject::GetSharedData"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, eLockRequest = %d, ppDataLock = %p,"
+        " ppvSharedData = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        eLockRequest,
+        ppDataLock,
+        ppvSharedData
+        );
+
+    _ASSERTE(0 < m_pot->GetSharedDataSize());
+    
+    if (ProcessLocalObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+    {
+        //
+        // We need to grab the local shared data lock and re-check
+        // the object's domain, as there's a chance the object might
+        // have been promoted after we made the above check but before
+        // we grabbed the lock
+        //
+
+        m_sdlSharedData.AcquireLock(pthr, &pDataLock);
+
+        if (SharedObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+        {
+            pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pthr, FALSE);
+            m_ssmlSharedData.AcquireLock(pthr, &pDataLock);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // A shared object can never transition back to local,
+        // so there's no need to recheck the domain on this path
+        //
+        
+        m_ssmlSharedData.AcquireLock(pthr, &pDataLock);
+    }
+
+    *ppDataLock = pDataLock;
+    *ppvSharedData = m_pvSharedData;
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::GetSharedData returns %d\n", NO_ERROR);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetSynchStateController
+
+  Obtain a synchronization state controller for this object. Should
+  never be called.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  ppStateController -- on success, receives a pointer to the state controller
+    instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetSynchStateController(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    ISynchStateController **ppStateController    // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppStateController);
+    
+    //
+    // This is not a waitable object!
+    //
+
+    ASSERT("Attempt to obtain a synch state controller on a non-waitable object\n");
+    return ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetSynchWaitController
+
+  Obtain a synchronization wait controller for this object. Should
+  never be called.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  ppWaitController -- on success, receives a pointer to the wait controller
+    instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetSynchWaitController(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController    // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppWaitController);
+    
+    //
+    // This is not a waitable object!!!
+    //
+
+    ASSERT("Attempt to obtain a synch wait controller on a non-waitable object\n");
+    return ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectDomain
+
+  Returns the object's domain (local or shared)
+
+--*/
+
+ObjectDomain
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectDomain(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    TRACE("CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectDomain(this = %p)\n", this);
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectDomain returns %d\n", m_ObjectDomain);
+    
+    return m_ObjectDomain;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectSynchData
+
+  Obtain the synchronization data for this object. Should
+  never be called.
+
+Parameters:
+  ppvSynchData -- on success, receives a pointer to the object's synch data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectSynchData(
+    VOID **ppvSynchData             // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvSynchData);
+    
+    //
+    // This is not a waitable object!!!
+    //
+
+    ASSERT("Attempt to obtain a synch data for a non-waitable object\n");
+    return ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::Initialize
+
+  Performs possibly-failing initialization for a newly-constructed
+  object
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  poa -- the object attributes (e.g., name) for the object
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::Initialize(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::Initialize"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, poa = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        poa
+        );
+
+    palError = CSharedMemoryObject::Initialize(pthr, poa);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InitializeExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Sanity check the passed in object type
+    //
+
+    _ASSERTE(CObjectType::WaitableObject == m_pot->GetSynchronizationSupport());
+
+    palError = g_pSynchronizationManager->AllocateObjectSynchData(
+        m_pot,
+        m_ObjectDomain,
+        &m_pvSynchData
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError && SharedObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+    {        
+        SHMObjData *pshmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, m_shmod);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pshmod);
+
+        pshmod->pvSynchData = m_pvSynchData;
+    }
+
+InitializeExit:
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::Initialize returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::EnsureObjectIsShared
+
+  If this object is not yet in the shared domain allocate the necessary
+  shared memory structures for it and copy the object's data into those
+  structures
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for the calling thread
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::EnsureObjectIsShared(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    SHMPTR shmObjData = SHMNULL;
+    SHMObjData *psmod;
+    VOID *pvSharedSynchData;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::EnsureObjectIsShared"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+    
+    //
+    // First, grab the process synchronization lock and check
+    // if the object is already shared
+    //
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->AcquireProcessLock(pthr);
+
+    if (SharedObject == m_ObjectDomain)
+    {
+        goto EnsureObjectIsSharedExitNoSHMLockRelease;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Grab the necessary locks
+    //
+
+    SHMLock();
+
+    if (0 != m_pot->GetSharedDataSize())
+    {
+        m_sdlSharedData.AcquireLock(pthr, &pDataLock);
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Allocate the necessary shared data areas
+    //
+
+    palError = AllocateSharedDataItems(&shmObjData, &psmod);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto EnsureObjectIsSharedExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Promote the object's synchronization data
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pSynchronizationManager->PromoteObjectSynchData(
+        pthr,
+        m_pvSynchData,
+        &pvSharedSynchData
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto EnsureObjectIsSharedExit;
+    }
+
+    m_pvSynchData = pvSharedSynchData;
+    psmod->pvSynchData = pvSharedSynchData;
+
+    //
+    // Promote the object's data and set the domain to shared
+    //
+
+    PromoteSharedData(shmObjData, psmod);
+    m_ObjectDomain = SharedObject;
+
+EnsureObjectIsSharedExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pthr, TRUE);
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+EnsureObjectIsSharedExitNoSHMLockRelease:
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->ReleaseProcessLock(pthr);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError && SHMNULL != shmObjData)
+    {
+        //
+        // Since shmObjdData is local to this function there's no
+        // need to continue to hold the promotion locks when
+        // freeing the allocated data on error
+        //
+        
+        FreeSharedDataAreas(shmObjData);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::EnsureObjectIsShared returns %d\n",
+        palError
+        );
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::~CSharedMemoryWaitableObject
+
+  Destructor; should only be called from ReleaseReference
+--*/
+
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::~CSharedMemoryWaitableObject()
+{
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::~CSharedMemoryWaitableObject"
+        "(this = %p)\n",
+        this
+        );
+    
+    if (!m_fSharedDataDereferenced)
+    {
+        ASSERT("DereferenceSharedData not called before object destructor -- delete called directly?\n");
+        DereferenceSharedData();
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != m_pvSynchData && m_fDeleteSharedData)
+    {
+        g_pSynchronizationManager->FreeObjectSynchData(
+            m_pot,
+            m_ObjectDomain,
+            m_pvSynchData
+            );
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::~CSharedMemoryWaitableObject\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchStateController
+
+  Obtain a synchronization state controller for this object.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  ppStateController -- on success, receives a pointer to the state controller
+    instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchStateController(
+    CPalThread *pthr,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    ISynchStateController **ppStateController    // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppStateController);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchStateController"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, ppStateController = %p",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        ppStateController
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We need to grab the local synch lock before creating the controller
+    // (otherwise we could get promoted after passing in our parameters)
+    //
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->AcquireProcessLock(pthr);
+    
+    palError = g_pSynchronizationManager->CreateSynchStateController(
+        pthr,
+        m_pot,
+        m_pvSynchData,
+        m_ObjectDomain,
+        ppStateController
+        );
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->ReleaseProcessLock(pthr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchStateController returns %d\n",
+        palError
+        );
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchWaitController
+
+  Obtain a synchronization wait controller for this object.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  ppWaitController -- on success, receives a pointer to the wait controller
+    instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchWaitController(
+    CPalThread *pthr,                // IN, OPTIONAL
+    ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController    // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppWaitController);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchWaitController"
+        "(this = %p, pthr = %p, ppWaitController = %p",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        ppWaitController
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We need to grab the local synch lock before creating the controller
+    // (otherwise we could get promoted after passing in our parameters)
+    //
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->AcquireProcessLock(pthr);
+
+    palError = g_pSynchronizationManager->CreateSynchWaitController(
+        pthr,
+        m_pot,
+        m_pvSynchData,
+        m_ObjectDomain,
+        ppWaitController
+        );
+
+    g_pSynchronizationManager->ReleaseProcessLock(pthr);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetSynchWaitController returns %d\n",
+        palError
+        );
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetObjectSynchData
+
+  Obtain the synchronization data for this object. This method should only
+  be called by the synchronization manager
+
+Parameters:
+  ppvSynchData -- on success, receives a pointer to the object's synch data
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetObjectSynchData(
+    VOID **ppvSynchData             // OUT
+    )
+{
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvSynchData);
+    
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetObjectSynchData"
+        "(this = %p, ppvSynchData = %p)\n",
+        this,
+        ppvSynchData
+        );
+    
+    *ppvSynchData = m_pvSynchData;
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryWaitableObject::GetObjectSynchData returns %d\n",
+        NO_ERROR
+        );
+    
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.hpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..addfda52cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobject.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmobject.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based object
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHMOBJECT_HPP
+#define _PAL_SHMOBJECT_HPP
+
+#include "palobjbase.hpp"
+#include "pal/shm.hpp"
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#include "pal/list.h"
+}
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    class CSimpleSharedMemoryLock : public IDataLock
+    {
+    public:
+
+        void
+        AcquireLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            IDataLock **ppDataLock
+            )
+        {
+            SHMLock();
+            *ppDataLock = static_cast<IDataLock*>(this);
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        ReleaseLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            bool fDataChanged
+            )
+        {
+            SHMRelease();
+        };
+    };
+
+    typedef struct _SHMObjData
+    {
+        SHMPTR shmPrevObj;
+        SHMPTR shmNextObj;
+        BOOL fAddedToList;
+        
+        SHMPTR shmObjName;
+        SHMPTR shmObjImmutableData;
+        SHMPTR shmObjSharedData;
+
+        LONG lProcessRefCount;
+        DWORD dwNameLength;
+
+        PalObjectTypeId eTypeId;
+
+        PVOID pvSynchData;
+    } SHMObjData;
+
+    class CSharedMemoryObject : public CPalObjectBase
+    {
+        template <class T> friend void InternalDelete(T *p);
+        
+    protected:
+
+        //
+        // Entry on the process's named or anonymous object list
+        //
+
+        LIST_ENTRY m_le;
+
+        //
+        // The lock that guards access to that list
+        //
+
+        CRITICAL_SECTION *m_pcsObjListLock;
+
+        //
+        // The SHMObjData for this object, protected by the
+        // shared memory lock.
+        //
+        
+        SHMPTR m_shmod;
+
+        //
+        // The shared data (i.e., m_shmObjData->shmObjSharedData)
+        // for this object, mapped into this process. This will be
+        // NULL if m_pot->dwSharedDataSize is 0. Access to this data
+        // is controlled by m_ssmlSharedData when m_ObjectDomain is
+        // SharedObject, and m_sdlSharedData when it is ProcessLocalObject.
+        //
+
+        VOID *m_pvSharedData;
+        
+        CSimpleSharedMemoryLock m_ssmlSharedData;
+        CSimpleDataLock m_sdlSharedData;
+
+        //
+        // Is this object process local or shared?
+        //
+        
+        ObjectDomain m_ObjectDomain;
+
+        //
+        // m_fSharedDataDereferenced will be TRUE if DereferenceSharedData
+        // has already been called. (N.B. -- this is a LONG instead of a bool
+        // because it is passed to InterlockedExchange). If the shared data blob
+        // should be freed in the object's destructor (i.e., SHMfree should be
+        // called on the appropriate SHMPTRs) DereferenceSharedData will
+        // set m_fDeleteSharedData to TRUE.
+        //
+
+        LONG m_fSharedDataDereferenced;
+        LONG m_fDeleteSharedData;
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AllocateSharedDataItems(
+            SHMPTR *pshmObjData,
+            SHMObjData **ppsmod
+            );
+
+        static
+        void
+        FreeSharedDataAreas(
+            SHMPTR shmObjData
+            );
+
+        void
+        PromoteSharedData(
+            SHMPTR shmObjData,
+            SHMObjData *psmod
+            );
+
+        bool
+        DereferenceSharedData();
+
+        virtual
+        void
+        AcquireObjectDestructionLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        bool
+        ReleaseObjectDestructionLock(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            bool fDestructionPending
+            );
+        
+        virtual ~CSharedMemoryObject();
+
+    public:
+
+        //
+        // Constructor used for new object
+        //
+
+        CSharedMemoryObject(
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CRITICAL_SECTION *pcsObjListLock
+            )
+            :
+            CPalObjectBase(pot),
+            m_pcsObjListLock(pcsObjListLock),
+            m_shmod(SHMNULL),
+            m_pvSharedData(NULL),
+            m_ObjectDomain(ProcessLocalObject),
+            m_fSharedDataDereferenced(FALSE),
+            m_fDeleteSharedData(FALSE)
+        {
+            InitializeListHead(&m_le);
+        };
+
+        //
+        // Constructor used to import a shared object into this process. The
+        // shared memory lock must be held when calling this contstructor
+        //
+
+        CSharedMemoryObject(
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CRITICAL_SECTION *pcsObjListLock,
+            SHMPTR shmSharedObjectData,
+            SHMObjData *psmod,
+            bool fAddRefSharedData
+            )
+            :
+            CPalObjectBase(pot),
+            m_pcsObjListLock(pcsObjListLock),
+            m_shmod(shmSharedObjectData),
+            m_pvSharedData(NULL),
+            m_ObjectDomain(SharedObject),
+            m_fSharedDataDereferenced(FALSE),
+            m_fDeleteSharedData(FALSE)
+        {
+            InitializeListHead(&m_le);
+            if (fAddRefSharedData)
+            {
+                psmod->lProcessRefCount += 1;
+            }
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        InitializeFromExistingSharedData(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        EnsureObjectIsShared(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+
+        void
+        CleanupForProcessShutdown(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+
+        SHMPTR
+        GetShmObjData(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return m_shmod;
+        };
+
+        PLIST_ENTRY
+        GetObjectListLink(
+            void
+            )
+        {
+            return &m_le;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Clients of this object -- in particular, CSharedMemoryObjectManager
+        // -- can't use CONTAINING_RECORD directly, since they don't have
+        // access to m_Link.
+        //
+
+        static
+        CSharedMemoryObject*
+        GetObjectFromListLink(PLIST_ENTRY pLink);
+
+        //
+        // IPalObject routines
+        //
+        
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSharedData(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            LockType eLockRequest,
+            IDataLock **ppDataLock,
+            void **ppvSharedData
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchStateController(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            ISynchStateController **ppStateController
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchWaitController(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        ObjectDomain
+        GetObjectDomain(
+            void
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetObjectSynchData(
+            VOID **ppvSynchData
+            );
+
+    };
+
+    class CSharedMemoryWaitableObject : public CSharedMemoryObject
+    {
+        template <class T> friend void InternalDelete(T *p);
+        
+    protected:
+
+        VOID *m_pvSynchData;
+
+        virtual ~CSharedMemoryWaitableObject();
+        
+    public:
+
+        CSharedMemoryWaitableObject(
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CRITICAL_SECTION *pcsObjListLock
+            )
+            :
+            CSharedMemoryObject(pot, pcsObjListLock),
+            m_pvSynchData(NULL)
+        {
+        };
+
+        //
+        // Constructor used to import a shared object into this process. The
+        // shared memory lock must be held when calling this contstructor
+        //
+
+        CSharedMemoryWaitableObject(
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CRITICAL_SECTION *pcsObjListLock,
+            SHMPTR shmSharedObjectData,
+            SHMObjData *psmod,
+            bool fAddRefSharedData
+            )
+            :
+            CSharedMemoryObject(pot, pcsObjListLock, shmSharedObjectData, psmod, fAddRefSharedData),
+            m_pvSynchData(psmod->pvSynchData)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        EnsureObjectIsShared(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+
+        //
+        // IPalObject routines
+        //
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchStateController(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            ISynchStateController **ppStateController
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetSynchWaitController(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        GetObjectSynchData(
+            VOID **ppvSynchData
+            );
+    };
+
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_SHMOBJECT_HPP
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.cpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42754216f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1567 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmobjectmgr.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based object manager
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "shmobjectmanager.hpp"
+#include "shmobject.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PAL);
+
+#include "pal/corunix.inl"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+IPalObjectManager * CorUnix::g_pObjectManager;
+
+static
+PAL_ERROR
+CheckObjectTypeAndRights(
+    IPalObject *pobj,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsGranted,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired
+    );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Initialize
+
+  Performs (possibly failing) startup tasks for the object manager
+
+Parameters:
+  None
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Initialize(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Initialize (this=%p)\n", this);
+    
+    InitializeListHead(&m_leNamedObjects);
+    InitializeListHead(&m_leAnonymousObjects);
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_csListLock);
+    m_fListLockInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    palError = m_HandleManager.Initialize();
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Initialize returns %d", palError);
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Shutdown
+
+  Cleans up the object manager. This routine will call cleanup routines
+  for all objects referenced by this process. After this routine is called
+  no attempt should be made to access an IPalObject.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Shutdown(
+    CPalThread *pthr
+    )
+{
+    PLIST_ENTRY ple;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Shutdown (this=%p, pthr=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr
+        );
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+    SHMLock();
+
+    while (!IsListEmpty(&m_leAnonymousObjects))
+    {
+        ple = RemoveTailList(&m_leAnonymousObjects);
+        pshmobj = CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(ple);
+        pshmobj->CleanupForProcessShutdown(pthr);
+    }
+
+    while (!IsListEmpty(&m_leNamedObjects))
+    {
+        ple = RemoveTailList(&m_leNamedObjects);
+        pshmobj = CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(ple);
+        pshmobj->CleanupForProcessShutdown(pthr);
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::Shutdown returns %d\n", NO_ERROR);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::AllocateObject
+
+  Allocates a new object instance of the specified type.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  pot -- type of object to allocate
+  poa -- attributes (name and SD) of object to allocate
+  ppobjNew -- on success, receives a reference to the new object
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::AllocateObject(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectType *pot,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa,
+    IPalObject **ppobjNew            // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pot);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppobjNew);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::AllocateObject "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, pot=%p, poa=%p, ppobjNew=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        pot,
+        poa,
+        ppobjNew
+        );
+
+    if (CObjectType::WaitableObject == pot->GetSynchronizationSupport())
+    {
+        pshmobj = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryWaitableObject>(pot, &m_csListLock);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pshmobj = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryObject>(pot, &m_csListLock);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pshmobj)
+    {
+        palError = pshmobj->Initialize(pthr, poa);
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            *ppobjNew = static_cast<IPalObject*>(pshmobj);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate pshmobj\n");
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::AllocateObject returns %d\n", palError);
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RegisterObject
+
+  Registers a newly-allocated object instance. If the object to be registered
+  has a name, and a previously registered object has the same name the new
+  object will not be registered.
+
+Distinguished return values:
+  ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS -- an object of a compatible type was already registered
+    with the specified name
+  ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE -- an object of an incompatible type was already
+    registered with the specified name
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  pobjToRegister -- the object instance to register. This routine will always
+    call ReleaseReference on this instance
+  paot -- object types that are compatible with the new object instance
+  dwRightsRequested -- requested access rights for the returned handle (ignored)
+  pHandle -- on success, receives a handle to the registered object
+  ppobjRegistered -- on success, receives a reference to the registered object
+    instance.
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RegisterObject(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    IPalObject *pobjToRegister,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+    HANDLE *pHandle,                 // OUT
+    IPalObject **ppobjRegistered     // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj = static_cast<CSharedMemoryObject*>(pobjToRegister);
+    SHMObjData *psmodNew = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes *poa;
+    CObjectType *potObj;
+    IPalObject *pobjExisting;
+    BOOL fInherit = FALSE;
+    BOOL fShared = FALSE;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pobjToRegister);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != paot);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pHandle);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppobjRegistered);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RegisterObject "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, pobjToRegister=%p, paot=%p, "
+        "dwRightsRequested=%d, pHandle=%p, ppobjRegistered=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        pobjToRegister,
+        paot,
+        dwRightsRequested,
+        pHandle,
+        ppobjRegistered
+        );
+
+    poa = pobjToRegister->GetObjectAttributes();
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+    if (NULL != poa->pSecurityAttributes)
+    {
+        fInherit = poa->pSecurityAttributes->bInheritHandle;
+    }
+
+    potObj = pobjToRegister->GetObjectType();
+    fShared = (SharedObject == pshmobj->GetObjectDomain());
+    
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+    if (fShared)
+    {
+        //
+        // We only need to acquire the shared memory lock if this
+        // object is actually shared.
+        //
+        
+        SHMLock();
+    }
+
+    if (0 != poa->sObjectName.GetStringLength())
+    {
+        SHMPTR shmObjectListHead = SHMNULL;
+
+        //
+        // The object must be shared
+        //
+
+        _ASSERTE(fShared);
+        
+        //
+        // Check if an object by this name alredy exists
+        //
+
+        palError = LocateObject(
+            pthr,
+            &poa->sObjectName,
+            paot,
+            &pobjExisting
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            //
+            // Obtain a new handle to the existing object
+            //
+
+            palError = ObtainHandleForObject(
+                pthr,
+                pobjExisting,
+                dwRightsRequested,
+                fInherit,
+                NULL, 
+                pHandle
+                );
+
+            if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+            {
+                //
+                // Transfer object reference to out param
+                //
+
+                *ppobjRegistered = pobjExisting;
+                palError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pobjExisting->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+            }
+
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+        else if (ERROR_INVALID_NAME != palError)
+        {
+            //
+            // Something different than an object not found error
+            // occurred. This is most likely due to a type conflict.
+            //
+
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Insert the object on the named object lists
+        //
+
+        InsertTailList(&m_leNamedObjects, pshmobj->GetObjectListLink());
+
+        psmodNew = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, pshmobj->GetShmObjData());
+        if (NULL == psmodNew)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failure to map shared object data\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+
+        shmObjectListHead = SHMGetInfo(SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS);
+        if (SHMNULL != shmObjectListHead)
+        {
+            SHMObjData *psmodListHead;
+            
+            psmodListHead = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, shmObjectListHead);
+            if (NULL != psmodListHead)
+            {
+                psmodNew->shmNextObj = shmObjectListHead;
+                psmodListHead->shmPrevObj = pshmobj->GetShmObjData();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("Failure to map shared object data\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto RegisterObjectExit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        psmodNew->fAddedToList = TRUE;
+
+        if (!SHMSetInfo(SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS, pshmobj->GetShmObjData()))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed to set shared named object list head\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // Place the object on the anonymous object list
+        //
+
+        InsertTailList(&m_leAnonymousObjects, pshmobj->GetObjectListLink());
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Hoist the object's immutable data (if any) into shared memory if
+    // the object is shared
+    //
+
+    if (fShared && 0 != potObj->GetImmutableDataSize())
+    {
+        VOID *pvImmutableData;
+        SHMObjData *psmod;
+
+        palError = pobjToRegister->GetImmutableData(&pvImmutableData);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failure to obtain object immutable data\n");
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+
+        psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, pshmobj->GetShmObjData());
+        if (NULL != psmod)
+        {
+            VOID *pvSharedImmutableData =
+                SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(VOID, psmod->shmObjImmutableData);
+            
+            if (NULL != pvSharedImmutableData)
+            {
+                CopyMemory(
+                    pvSharedImmutableData,
+                    pvImmutableData,
+                    potObj->GetImmutableDataSize()
+                    );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("Failure to map psmod->shmObjImmutableData\n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto RegisterObjectExit;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failure to map pshmobj->GetShmObjData()\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto RegisterObjectExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Obtain a handle for the new object
+    //
+
+    palError = ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjToRegister,
+        dwRightsRequested,
+        fInherit,
+        NULL, 
+        pHandle
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        //
+        // Transfer pobjToRegister reference to out param
+        //
+
+        *ppobjRegistered = pobjToRegister;
+        pobjToRegister = NULL;
+    }
+        
+RegisterObjectExit:
+
+    if (fShared)
+    {
+        SHMRelease();
+    }
+    
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+    if (NULL != pobjToRegister)
+    {
+        pobjToRegister->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RegisterObject return %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::LocateObject
+
+  Search for a previously registered object with a give name and type
+
+Distinguished return values:
+  ERROR_INVALID_NAME -- no object with the specified name was previously
+    registered
+  ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE -- an object with the specified name was previously
+    registered, but its type is not compatible
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  psObjectToLocate -- the name of the object to locate
+  paot -- acceptable types for the object
+  ppobj -- on success, receives a reference to the object instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::LocateObject(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CPalString *psObjectToLocate,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    IPalObject **ppobj               // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjExisting = NULL;
+    SHMPTR shmSharedObjectData = SHMNULL;
+    SHMPTR shmObjectListEntry = SHMNULL;
+    SHMObjData *psmod = NULL;
+    LPWSTR pwsz = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psObjectToLocate);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psObjectToLocate->GetString());
+    _ASSERTE(PAL_wcslen(psObjectToLocate->GetString()) == psObjectToLocate->GetStringLength());
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppobj);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::LocateObject "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, psObjectToLocate=%p, paot=%p, "
+        "ppobj=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        psObjectToLocate,
+        paot,
+        ppobj
+        );
+
+    TRACE("Searching for object name %S\n", psObjectToLocate->GetString());
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+    //
+    // Search the local named object list for this object
+    //
+
+    for (PLIST_ENTRY ple = m_leNamedObjects.Flink;
+         ple != &m_leNamedObjects;
+         ple = ple->Flink)
+    {
+        CObjectAttributes *poa;
+        CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj =
+            CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(ple);
+
+        poa = pshmobj->GetObjectAttributes();
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+
+        if (poa->sObjectName.GetStringLength() != psObjectToLocate->GetStringLength())
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (0 != PAL_wcscmp(poa->sObjectName.GetString(), psObjectToLocate->GetString()))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // This object has the name we're looking for
+        //
+
+        pobjExisting = static_cast<IPalObject*>(pshmobj);
+        break;        
+    } 
+
+    if (NULL != pobjExisting)
+    {
+        //
+        //  Validate the located object's type
+        //
+
+        if (paot->IsTypeAllowed(
+                pobjExisting->GetObjectType()->GetId()
+                ))
+        {
+            TRACE("Local object exists with compatible type\n");
+            
+            //
+            // Add a reference to the found object
+            //
+
+            pobjExisting->AddReference();
+            *ppobj = pobjExisting;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE("Local object exists w/ incompatible type\n");            
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        }
+        
+        goto LocateObjectExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Search the shared memory named object list for a matching object
+    //
+    
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    shmObjectListEntry = SHMGetInfo(SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS);
+    while (SHMNULL != shmObjectListEntry)
+    {
+        psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, shmObjectListEntry);
+        if (NULL != psmod)
+        {
+            if (psmod->dwNameLength == psObjectToLocate->GetStringLength())
+            {
+                pwsz = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(WCHAR, psmod->shmObjName);
+                if (NULL != pwsz)
+                {
+                    if (0 == PAL_wcscmp(pwsz, psObjectToLocate->GetString()))
+                    {
+                        //
+                        // This is the object we were looking for.
+                        //
+
+                        shmSharedObjectData = shmObjectListEntry;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ASSERT("Unable to map psmod->shmObjName\n");
+                    break;
+                }                
+            }
+
+            shmObjectListEntry = psmod->shmNextObj;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to map shmObjectListEntry\n");
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SHMNULL != shmSharedObjectData)
+    {
+        CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj = NULL;
+        CObjectAttributes oa(pwsz, NULL);
+
+        //
+        // Check if the type is allowed
+        //
+
+        if (!paot->IsTypeAllowed(psmod->eTypeId))
+        {
+            TRACE("Remote object exists w/ incompatible type\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+            goto LocateObjectExitSHMRelease;
+        }
+        
+        //
+        // Get the local instance of the CObjectType
+        //
+        
+        CObjectType *pot = CObjectType::GetObjectTypeById(psmod->eTypeId);
+        if (NULL == pot)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Invalid object type ID in shared memory info\n");
+            goto LocateObjectExitSHMRelease;
+        }
+
+        TRACE("Remote object exists compatible type -- importing\n");
+        
+        //
+        // Create the local state for the shared object
+        //
+
+        palError = ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess(
+            pthr,
+            pot,
+            &oa,
+            shmSharedObjectData,
+            psmod,
+            TRUE,
+            &pshmobj
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {   
+            *ppobj = static_cast<IPalObject*>(pshmobj);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Failure initializing object from shared data\n");
+            goto LocateObjectExitSHMRelease;
+        }
+        
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // The object was not found
+        //
+
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+    }
+
+LocateObjectExitSHMRelease:
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+LocateObjectExit:
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::LocateObject returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ObtainHandleForObject
+
+  Allocated a new handle for an object
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  pobj -- the object to allocate a handle for
+  dwRightsRequired -- the access rights to grant the handle; currently ignored
+  fInheritHandle -- true if the handle is inheritable; ignored for all but file
+    objects that represent pipes
+  pProcessForHandle -- the process the handle is to be used from; currently
+    must be NULL
+  pNewHandle -- on success, receives the newly allocated handle
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR   
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ObtainHandleForObject(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    IPalObject *pobj,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+    bool fInheritHandle,
+    IPalProcess *pProcessForHandle,     // IN, OPTIONAL
+    HANDLE *pNewHandle                  // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pobj);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pNewHandle);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ObtainHandleForObject "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, pobj=%p, dwRightsRequested=%d, "
+        "fInheritHandle=%p, pProcessForHandle=%p, pNewHandle=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        pobj,
+        dwRightsRequested,
+        fInheritHandle,
+        pProcessForHandle,
+        pNewHandle
+        );
+
+    if (NULL != pProcessForHandle)
+    {
+        //
+        // Not yet supported
+        //
+
+        ASSERT("Caller to ObtainHandleForObject provided a process\n");
+        return ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+    }
+
+    palError = m_HandleManager.AllocateHandle(
+        pthr,
+        pobj,
+        dwRightsRequested,
+        fInheritHandle,
+        pNewHandle
+        );
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ObtainHandleForObject return %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;    
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RevokeHandle
+
+  Removes a handle from the process's handle table, which in turn releases
+  the handle's reference on the object instance it refers to
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  hHandleToRevoke -- the handle to revoke
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RevokeHandle(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hHandleToRevoke
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RevokeHandle "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, hHandleToRevoke=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        hHandleToRevoke
+        );
+    
+    palError = m_HandleManager.FreeHandle(pthr, hHandleToRevoke);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::RevokeHandle returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByHandle
+
+  Returns a referenced object instance that a handle refers to
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  hHandleToReference -- the handle to reference
+  paot -- acceptable types for the underlying object
+  dwRightsRequired -- the access rights that the handle must have been
+    granted; currently ignored
+  ppobj -- on success, receives a reference to the object instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hHandleToReference,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+    IPalObject **ppobj               // OUT
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    DWORD dwRightsGranted;
+    IPalObject *pobj;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != paot);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppobj);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByHandle "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, hHandleToReference=%p, paot=%p, "
+        "dwRightsRequired=%d, ppobj=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        hHandleToReference,
+        paot,
+        dwRightsRequired,
+        ppobj
+        );
+
+    palError = m_HandleManager.GetObjectFromHandle(
+        pthr,
+        hHandleToReference,
+        &dwRightsGranted,
+        &pobj
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        palError = CheckObjectTypeAndRights(
+            pobj,
+            paot,
+            dwRightsGranted,
+            dwRightsRequired
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            //
+            // Transfer object reference to out parameter
+            //
+
+            *ppobj = pobj;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pobj->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByHandle returns %d\n",
+        palError
+        );
+
+    return palError;    
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByHandleArray
+
+  Returns the referenced object instances that an array of handles
+  refer to.
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  rgHandlesToReference -- the array of handles to reference
+  dwHandleCount -- the number of handles in the arrayu
+  paot -- acceptable types for the underlying objects
+  dwRightsRequired -- the access rights that the handles must have been
+    granted; currently ignored
+  rgpobjs -- on success, receives references to the object instances; will
+    be empty on failures
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE rghHandlesToReference[],
+    DWORD dwHandleCount,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+    IPalObject *rgpobjs[]            // OUT (caller allocated)
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobj = NULL;
+    DWORD dwRightsGranted;
+    DWORD dw;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != rghHandlesToReference);
+    _ASSERTE(0 < dwHandleCount);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != paot);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != rgpobjs);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, rghHandlesToReference=%p, dwHandleCount=%d, "
+        "pAllowedTyped=%d, dwRightsRequired=%d, rgpobjs=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        rghHandlesToReference,
+        dwHandleCount,
+        paot,
+        dwRightsRequired,
+        rgpobjs
+        );
+
+    m_HandleManager.Lock(pthr);
+
+    for (dw = 0; dw < dwHandleCount; dw += 1)
+    {        
+        palError = m_HandleManager.GetObjectFromHandle(
+            pthr,
+            rghHandlesToReference[dw],
+            &dwRightsGranted,
+            &pobj
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            palError = CheckObjectTypeAndRights(
+                pobj,
+                paot,
+                dwRightsGranted,
+                dwRightsRequired
+                );
+
+            if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+            {
+                //
+                // Transfer reference to out array
+                //
+
+                rgpobjs[dw] = pobj;
+                pobj = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The handle manager lock must be released before releasing
+    // any object references, as ReleaseReference will acquire
+    // the object manager list lock (which needs to be acquired before
+    // the handle manager lock)
+    //
+
+    m_HandleManager.Unlock(pthr);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        //
+        // dw's current value is the failing index, so we want
+        // to free from dw - 1.
+        //
+        
+        while (dw > 0)
+        {
+            rgpobjs[--dw]->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+        }
+
+        if (NULL != pobj)
+        {
+            pobj->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray"
+        " returns %d\n",
+        palError
+        );
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByForeignHandle
+
+  Returns a referenced object instance that a handle belongin to
+  another process refers to; currently unimplemented
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  hForeignHandle -- the handle to reference
+  pForeignProcess -- the process that hForeignHandle belongs to
+  paot -- acceptable types for the underlying object
+  dwRightsRequired -- the access rights that the handle must have been
+    granted; currently ignored
+  ppobj -- on success, receives a reference to the object instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ReferenceObjectByForeignHandle(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hForeignHandle,
+    IPalProcess *pForeignProcess,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+    IPalObject **ppobj               // OUT
+    )
+{
+    //
+    // Not implemented for basic shared memory object manager --
+    // requires an IPC channel. (For the shared memory object manager
+    // PAL_LocalHandleToRemote and PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal must still
+    // be used...)
+    //
+
+    ASSERT("ReferenceObjectByForeignHandle not yet supported\n");
+    return ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess
+
+  Takes an object's shared memory data and from it creates the
+  necessary in-process structures for the object
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  pot -- the object's type
+  poa -- attributes for the object
+  shmSharedObjectData -- the shared memory pointer for the object's shared
+    data
+  psmod -- the shared memory data for the object, mapped into this process's
+    address space
+  fAddRefSharedData -- if TRUE, we need to add to the shared data reference
+    count
+  ppshmobj -- on success, receives a pointer to the newly created local
+    object instance
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    CObjectType *pot,
+    CObjectAttributes *poa,
+    SHMPTR shmSharedObjectData,
+    SHMObjData *psmod,
+    bool fAddRefSharedData,
+    CSharedMemoryObject **ppshmobj
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj;
+    PLIST_ENTRY pleObjectList;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pot);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != poa);
+    _ASSERTE(SHMNULL != shmSharedObjectData);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != psmod);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != ppshmobj);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess(pthr=%p, "
+        "pot=%p, poa=%p, shmSharedObjectData=%p, psmod=%p, fAddRefSharedData=%d, "
+        "ppshmobj=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        pot,
+        poa,
+        shmSharedObjectData,
+        psmod,
+        fAddRefSharedData,
+        ppshmobj
+        );
+    
+    if (CObjectType::WaitableObject == pot->GetSynchronizationSupport())
+    {
+        pshmobj = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryWaitableObject>(pot,
+                                                           &m_csListLock,
+                                                           shmSharedObjectData,
+                                                           psmod,
+                                                           fAddRefSharedData);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pshmobj = InternalNew<CSharedMemoryObject>(pot,
+                                                   &m_csListLock,
+                                                   shmSharedObjectData,
+                                                   psmod,
+                                                   fAddRefSharedData);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pshmobj)
+    {
+        palError = pshmobj->InitializeFromExistingSharedData(pthr, poa);
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            if (0 != psmod->dwNameLength)
+            {
+                pleObjectList = &m_leNamedObjects;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pleObjectList = &m_leAnonymousObjects;
+            }
+            
+            InsertTailList(pleObjectList, pshmobj->GetObjectListLink());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            goto ImportSharedObjectIntoProcessExit;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to alllocate new object\n");
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto ImportSharedObjectIntoProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    *ppshmobj = pshmobj;
+
+ImportSharedObjectIntoProcessExit:
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+static PalObjectTypeId RemotableObjectTypes[] =
+    {otiManualResetEvent, otiAutoResetEvent, otiMutex, otiProcess};
+    
+static CAllowedObjectTypes aotRemotable(
+    RemotableObjectTypes,
+    sizeof(RemotableObjectTypes) / sizeof(RemotableObjectTypes[0])
+    );
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_LocalHandleToRemote
+
+  Returns a "remote handle" that may be passed to another process.
+
+Parameters:
+  hLocal -- the handle to generate a "remote handle" for
+--*/
+
+PALIMPORT
+RHANDLE
+PALAPI
+PAL_LocalHandleToRemote(IN HANDLE hLocal)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr;
+    IPalObject *pobj = NULL;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj;
+    SHMObjData *psmod = NULL;
+    RHANDLE hRemote = reinterpret_cast<RHANDLE>(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_LocalHandleToRemote);
+    ENTRY("PAL_LocalHandleToRemote( hLocal=0x%lx )\n", hLocal);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (!HandleIsSpecial(hLocal))
+    {
+        palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            pthr,
+            hLocal,
+            &aotRemotable,
+            0,
+            &pobj
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            goto PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExitNoLockRelease;
+        }
+    }
+    else if (hPseudoCurrentProcess == hLocal)
+    {
+        pobj = g_pobjProcess;
+        pobj->AddReference();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid special handle type passed to PAL_LocalHandleToRemote\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExitNoLockRelease;
+    }
+
+    pshmobj = static_cast<CSharedMemoryObject*>(pobj);
+
+    //
+    // Make sure that the object is shared
+    //
+
+    palError = pshmobj->EnsureObjectIsShared(pthr);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failure %d promoting object\n", palError);
+        goto PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExitNoLockRelease;
+    }
+
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, pshmobj->GetShmObjData());
+    if (NULL != psmod)
+    {
+        //
+        // Bump up the process ref count by 1. The receiving process will not
+        // increase the ref count when it converts the remote handle to
+        // local.
+        //
+        
+        psmod->lProcessRefCount += 1;
+
+        //
+        // The remote handle is simply the SHMPTR for the SHMObjData
+        //
+
+        hRemote = reinterpret_cast<RHANDLE>(pshmobj->GetShmObjData());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to map shared object data\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExit;
+    }
+
+PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExit:
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+PAL_LocalHandleToRemoteExitNoLockRelease:
+
+    if (NULL != pobj)
+    {
+        pobj->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_LocalHandleToRemote returns RHANDLE 0x%lx\n", hRemote);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_LocalHandleToRemote);
+    return hRemote;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal
+
+  Given a "remote handle" creates a local handle that refers
+  to the desired object. (Unlike PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal this method
+  needs to access internal object manager state, so it's a member function.)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  rhRemote -- the remote handle
+  phLocal -- on success, receives the local handle
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    RHANDLE rhRemote,
+    HANDLE *phLocal
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    SHMObjData *psmod;
+    CSharedMemoryObject *pshmobj = NULL;
+    PLIST_ENTRY pleObjectList;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phLocal);
+
+    ENTRY("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal "
+        "(this=%p, pthr=%p, rhRemote=%p, phLocal=%p)\n",
+        this,
+        pthr,
+        rhRemote,
+        phLocal
+        );
+
+    if (rhRemote == NULL || rhRemote == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExitNoLockRelease;
+    }
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+    SHMLock();
+
+    //
+    // The remote handle is really a shared memory pointer to the
+    // SHMObjData for the object.
+    //
+
+    psmod = SHMPTR_TO_TYPED_PTR(SHMObjData, reinterpret_cast<SHMPTR>(rhRemote));
+    if (NULL == psmod)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid remote handle\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Check to see if a local reference for this object already
+    // exists
+    //
+
+    if (0 != psmod->dwNameLength)
+    {
+        pleObjectList = &m_leNamedObjects;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pleObjectList = &m_leAnonymousObjects;
+    }
+
+    for (PLIST_ENTRY ple = pleObjectList->Flink;
+         ple != pleObjectList;
+         ple = ple->Flink)
+    {
+        pshmobj = CSharedMemoryObject::GetObjectFromListLink(ple);
+
+        if (SharedObject == pshmobj->GetObjectDomain()
+            && reinterpret_cast<SHMPTR>(rhRemote) == pshmobj->GetShmObjData())
+        {
+            TRACE("Object for remote handle already present in this process\n");
+            
+            //
+            // PAL_LocalHandleToRemote bumped up the process refcount on the
+            // object. Since this process already had a reference to the object
+            // we need to decrement that reference now...
+            //
+
+            psmod->lProcessRefCount -= 1;
+            _ASSERTE(0 < psmod->lProcessRefCount);
+
+            //
+            // We also need to add a reference to the object (since ReleaseReference
+            // gets called below)
+            //
+
+            pshmobj->AddReference();
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        pshmobj = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (NULL == pshmobj)
+    {
+        CObjectType *pot;
+        CObjectAttributes oa;
+        
+        //
+        // Get the local instance of the CObjectType
+        //
+        
+        pot = CObjectType::GetObjectTypeById(psmod->eTypeId);
+        if (NULL == pot)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Invalid object type ID in shared memory info\n");
+            goto ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExit;
+        }
+        
+        //
+        // Create the local state for the shared object
+        //
+
+        palError = ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess(
+            pthr,
+            pot,
+            &oa,
+            reinterpret_cast<SHMPTR>(rhRemote),
+            psmod,
+            FALSE,
+            &pshmobj
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            goto ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExit;
+        }        
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Finally, allocate a local handle for the object
+    //
+
+    palError = ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pthr,
+        pshmobj,
+        0,
+        FALSE,
+        NULL,
+        phLocal
+        );
+        
+ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExit:
+
+    SHMRelease();
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthr, &m_csListLock);
+
+ConvertRemoteHandleToLocalExitNoLockRelease:
+
+    if (NULL != pshmobj)
+    {
+        pshmobj->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CSharedMemoryObjectManager::ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal
+
+  Given a "remote handle", return a local handle that refers to the
+  specified process. Calls
+  SharedMemoryObjectManager::ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal to do the actual
+  work
+
+Parameters:
+  rhRemote -- the "remote handle" to convert to a local handle
+--*/
+
+PALIMPORT
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal(IN RHANDLE rhRemote)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr;
+    HANDLE hLocal = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal);
+    ENTRY("PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal( hRemote=0x%lx )\n", rhRemote);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = static_cast<CSharedMemoryObjectManager*>(g_pObjectManager)->ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal(
+        pthr,
+        rhRemote,
+        &hLocal
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal returns HANDLE 0x%lx\n", hLocal);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_RemoteHandleToLocal);
+    return hLocal;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CheckObjectTypeAndRights
+
+  Helper routine that determines if:
+  1) An object instance is of a specified type
+  2) A set of granted access rights satisfies the required access rights
+     (currently ignored)
+
+Parameters:
+  pobj -- the object instance whose type is to be checked
+  paot -- the acceptable type for the object instance
+  dwRightsGranted -- the granted access rights (ignored)
+  dwRightsRequired -- the required access rights (ignored)
+--*/
+
+static
+PAL_ERROR
+CheckObjectTypeAndRights(
+    IPalObject *pobj,
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+    DWORD dwRightsGranted,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pobj);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != paot);
+
+    ENTRY("CheckObjectTypeAndRights (pobj=%p, paot=%p, "
+        "dwRightsGranted=%d, dwRightsRequired=%d)\n",
+        pobj,
+        paot,
+        dwRightsGranted,
+        dwRightsRequired
+        );
+
+    if (paot->IsTypeAllowed(pobj->GetObjectType()->GetId()))
+    {
+#ifdef ENFORCE_OBJECT_ACCESS_RIGHTS
+
+        //
+        // This is where the access right check would occur if Win32 object
+        // security were supported.
+        //
+        
+        if ((dwRightsRequired & dwRightsGranted) != dwRightsRequired)
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CheckObjectTypeAndRights returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+    
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.hpp b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fbde872eeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/objmgr/shmobjectmanager.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmobjectmanager.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Shared memory based object manager
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_SHMOBJECTMANAGER_HPP_
+#define _PAL_SHMOBJECTMANAGER_HPP_
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/list.h"    
+#include "shmobject.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    class CSharedMemoryObjectManager : public IPalObjectManager
+    {
+    protected:
+
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_csListLock;
+        bool m_fListLockInitialized;
+        LIST_ENTRY m_leNamedObjects;
+        LIST_ENTRY m_leAnonymousObjects;
+        
+        CSimpleHandleManager m_HandleManager;
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ImportSharedObjectIntoProcess(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa,
+            SHMPTR shmSharedObjectData,
+            SHMObjData *psmod,
+            bool fAddRefSharedData,
+            CSharedMemoryObject **ppshmobj
+            );
+        
+    public:
+
+        CSharedMemoryObjectManager()
+            :
+            m_fListLockInitialized(FALSE)
+        {
+        };
+
+        virtual ~CSharedMemoryObjectManager()
+        {
+        };
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Initialize(
+            void
+            );
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        Shutdown(
+            CPalThread *pthr
+            );
+
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ConvertRemoteHandleToLocal(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            RHANDLE rhRemote,
+            HANDLE *phLocal
+            );
+
+        //
+        // IPalObjectManager routines
+        //
+        
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        AllocateObject(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CObjectType *pot,
+            CObjectAttributes *poa,
+            IPalObject **ppobjNew
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RegisterObject(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            IPalObject *pobjToRegister,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+            HANDLE *pHandle,
+            IPalObject **ppobjRegistered
+            );
+
+        virtual            
+        PAL_ERROR
+        LocateObject(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            CPalString *psObjectToLocate,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+            IPalObject **ppobj
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR   
+        ObtainHandleForObject(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            IPalObject *pobj,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequested,
+            bool fInheritHandle,
+            IPalProcess *pProcessForHandle,     // IN, OPTIONAL
+            HANDLE *pNewHandle
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        RevokeHandle(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            HANDLE hHandleToRevoke
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            HANDLE hHandleToReference,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject **ppobj
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            HANDLE rghHandlesToReference[],
+            DWORD dwHandleCount,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject *rgpobjs[]
+            );
+
+        virtual
+        PAL_ERROR
+        ReferenceObjectByForeignHandle(
+            CPalThread *pthr,
+            HANDLE hForeignHandle,
+            IPalProcess *pForeignProcess,
+            CAllowedObjectTypes *paot,
+            DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+            IPalObject **ppobj
+            );
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _PAL_SHMOBJECTMANAGER_HPP_
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/poll/fakepoll.cpp b/src/pal/src/poll/fakepoll.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ac531413ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/poll/fakepoll.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+// fakepoll.h
+// poll using select
+// Warning: a call to this poll() takes about 4K of stack space.
+
+// Greg Parker     gparker@cs.stanford.edu     December 2000
+// This code is in the public domain and may be copied or modified without 
+// permission. 
+
+// Located at <http://www.sealiesoftware.com/fakepoll.h>.
+
+
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/fakepoll.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(POLL);
+
+int poll(struct pollfd *pollSet, int pollCount, int pollTimeout)
+{
+    struct timeval tv;
+    struct timeval *tvp;
+    fd_set readFDs, writeFDs, exceptFDs;
+    fd_set *readp, *writep, *exceptp;
+    struct pollfd *pollEnd, *p;
+    int selected;
+    int result;
+    int maxFD;
+
+    if (!pollSet) {
+        pollEnd = NULL;
+        readp = NULL;
+        writep = NULL;
+        exceptp = NULL;
+        maxFD = 0;
+    } 
+    else {
+        pollEnd = pollSet + pollCount;
+        readp = &readFDs;
+        writep = &writeFDs;
+        exceptp = &exceptFDs;
+
+        FD_ZERO(readp);
+        FD_ZERO(writep);
+        FD_ZERO(exceptp);
+        
+        // Find the biggest fd in the poll set
+        maxFD = 0;
+        for (p = pollSet; p < pollEnd; p++) {
+            if (p->fd > maxFD) maxFD = p->fd;
+        }
+        
+        if (maxFD >= FD_SETSIZE) {
+            // At least one fd is too big
+            errno = EINVAL;
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        // Transcribe flags from the poll set to the fd sets
+        for (p = pollSet; p < pollEnd; p++) {
+            if (p->fd < 0) {
+                // Negative fd checks nothing and always reports zero
+            } else {
+                if (p->events & POLLIN)  FD_SET(p->fd, readp);
+                if (p->events & POLLOUT) FD_SET(p->fd, writep);
+                if (p->events != 0)      FD_SET(p->fd, exceptp);
+                // POLLERR is never set coming in; poll() always reports errors.
+                // But don't report if we're not listening to anything at all.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+        
+    // poll timeout is in milliseconds. Convert to struct timeval.
+    // poll timeout == -1 : wait forever : select timeout of NULL
+    // poll timeout == 0  : return immediately : select timeout of zero
+    if (pollTimeout >= 0) {
+        tv.tv_sec = pollTimeout / 1000;
+        tv.tv_usec = (pollTimeout % 1000) * 1000;
+        tvp = &tv;
+    } else {
+        tvp = NULL;
+    }
+    
+    selected = select(maxFD+1, readp, writep, exceptp, tvp);
+
+    if (selected < 0) {
+        // Error during select
+        result = -1;
+    } 
+    else if (selected > 0) {
+        // Select found something
+        // Transcribe result from fd sets to poll set.
+        // Also count the number of selected fds. poll returns the 
+        // number of ready fds; select returns the number of bits set.
+        int polled = 0;
+        for (p = pollSet; p < pollEnd; p++) {
+            p->revents = 0;
+            if (p->fd > -1) {
+                // Check p->events before setting p->revents. If we
+                // have multiple pollfds with the same fd, we want to
+                // set the appropriate revents value for each pollfd.
+                if (FD_ISSET(p->fd, readp) && (p->events & POLLIN))
+                    p->revents |= POLLIN;
+                if (FD_ISSET(p->fd, writep) && (p->events & POLLOUT))
+                    p->revents |= POLLOUT;
+                if (FD_ISSET(p->fd, exceptp) && (p->events != 0))
+                    p->revents |= POLLERR;
+                if (p->revents) polled++;
+            }
+        }
+        result = polled;
+    }
+    else {
+        // selected == 0, select timed out before anything happened
+        // Clear all result bits and return zero.
+        for (p = pollSet; p < pollEnd; p++) {
+            p->revents = 0;
+        }
+        result = 0;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/cruntime.h b/src/pal/src/safecrt/cruntime.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cdad474e53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/cruntime.h
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*cruntime.h - definitions specific to the target operating system and hardware
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This header file contains widely used definitions specific to the
+*       host operating system and hardware. It is included by every C source
+*       and most every other header file.
+*
+*       [Internal]
+*
+****/
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER > 1000 */
+
+#ifndef _INC_CRUNTIME
+#define _INC_CRUNTIME
+
+#ifndef _CRTBLD
+/*
+ * This is an internal C runtime header file. It is used when building
+ * the C runtimes only. It is not to be used as a public header file.
+ */
+#error ERROR: Use of C runtime library internal header file.
+#endif  /* _CRTBLD */
+
+#if defined (_SYSCRT) && defined (_WIN64)
+#define _USE_OLD_STDCPP 1
+#endif  /* defined (_SYSCRT) && defined (_WIN64) */
+
+#if !defined (UNALIGNED)
+#if defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64)
+#define UNALIGNED __unaligned
+#else  /* defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64) */
+#define UNALIGNED
+#endif  /* defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64) */
+#endif  /* !defined (UNALIGNED) */
+
+#ifdef _M_IX86
+/*
+ * 386/486
+ */
+#define REG1    register
+#define REG2    register
+#define REG3    register
+#define REG4
+#define REG5
+#define REG6
+#define REG7
+#define REG8
+#define REG9
+
+#elif defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64)
+/*
+ * IA64
+ */
+#define REG1    register
+#define REG2    register
+#define REG3    register
+#define REG4    register
+#define REG5    register
+#define REG6    register
+#define REG7    register
+#define REG8    register
+#define REG9    register
+
+#else  /* defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64) */
+
+#pragma message ("Machine register set not defined")
+
+/*
+ * Unknown machine
+ */
+
+#define REG1
+#define REG2
+#define REG3
+#define REG4
+#define REG5
+#define REG6
+#define REG7
+#define REG8
+#define REG9
+
+#endif  /* defined (_M_IA64) || defined (_M_AMD64) */
+
+/*
+ * Are the macro definitions below still needed in this file?
+ */
+
+#endif  /* _INC_CRUNTIME */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/input.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/input.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..eaad174ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/input.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,1314 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*input.c - C formatted input, used by scanf, etc.
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines _input() to do formatted input; called from scanf(),
+*       etc. functions.  This module defines _cscanf() instead when
+*       CPRFLAG is defined.  The file cscanf.c defines that symbol
+*       and then includes this file in order to implement _cscanf().
+*
+*Note:
+*       this file is included in safecrt.lib build directly, plese refer
+*       to safecrt_[w]input_s.c
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#define ALLOW_RANGE /* enable "%[a-z]"-style scansets */
+
+
+/* temporary work-around for compiler without 64-bit support */
+
+#ifndef _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS
+#define _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS  64
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS */
+
+// typedef __int64_t __int64;
+
+#ifndef FALSE
+#define FALSE 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef TRUE
+#define TRUE 1
+#endif
+
+#define UNALIGNED
+
+#define _BEGIN_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+#define _END_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+
+#define _CVTBUFSIZE (309+40) /* # of digits in max. dp value + slop */
+
+//#include <cruntime.h>
+//#include <stdio.h>
+//#include <ctype.h>
+//#include <cvt.h>
+//#include <conio.h>
+//#include <stdarg.h>
+//#include <string.h>
+//#include <internal.h>
+//#include <fltintrn.h>
+//#include <malloc.h>
+//#include <locale.h>
+//#include <mtdll.h>
+//#include <stdlib.h>
+//#include <setlocal.h>
+//#include <dbgint.h>
+
+//#ifndef _INC_INTERNAL_SAFECRT
+//#include <internal_securecrt.h>
+//#endif  /* _INC_INTERNAL_SAFECRT */
+
+//#ifdef _MBCS
+//#undef _MBCS
+//#endif  /* _MBCS */
+//#include <tchar.h>
+
+#define _MBTOWC(x,y,z) _minimal_chartowchar( x, y )
+
+#define _istspace(x)    isspace((unsigned char)x)
+
+#define _malloc_crt PAL_malloc
+#define _realloc_crt PAL_realloc
+#define _free_crt PAL_free
+
+#define _FASSIGN(flag, argument, number, dec_point, locale) _safecrt_fassign((flag), (argument), (number))
+#define _WFASSIGN(flag, argument, number, dec_point, locale) _safecrt_wfassign((flag), (argument), (number))
+
+#if defined (UNICODE)
+#define ALLOC_TABLE 1
+#else  /* defined (UNICODE) */
+#define ALLOC_TABLE 0
+#endif  /* defined (UNICODE) */
+
+#define HEXTODEC(chr)   _hextodec(chr)
+
+#define LEFT_BRACKET    ('[' | ('a' - 'A')) /* 'lowercase' version */
+
+static int __cdecl _hextodec(_TCHAR);
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+#define INC()           (++charcount, _inc())
+#define UN_INC(chr)     (--charcount, _un_inc(chr))
+#define EAT_WHITE()     _whiteout(&charcount)
+
+static int __cdecl _inc(void);
+static void __cdecl _un_inc(int);
+static int __cdecl _whiteout(int *);
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#define INC()           (++charcount, _inc(stream))
+#define UN_INC(chr)     (--charcount, _un_inc(chr, stream))
+#define EAT_WHITE()     _whiteout(&charcount, stream)
+
+static int __cdecl _inc(miniFILE *);
+static void __cdecl _un_inc(int, miniFILE *);
+static int __cdecl _whiteout(int *, miniFILE *);
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+#define _ISDIGIT(chr)   isdigit((unsigned char)chr)
+#define _ISXDIGIT(chr)  isxdigit((unsigned char)chr)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#define _ISDIGIT(chr)   ( !(chr & 0xff00) && isdigit( ((chr) & 0x00ff) ) )
+#define _ISXDIGIT(chr)  ( !(chr & 0xff00) && isxdigit( ((chr) & 0x00ff) ) )
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+#define MUL10(x)        ( (((x)<<2) + (x))<<1 )
+
+
+#define LONGLONG_IS_INT64 1     /* 1 means long long is same as int64
+                                   0 means long long is same as long */
+
+/***
+*  int __check_float_string(size_t,size_t *, _TCHAR**, _TCHAR*, int*)
+*
+*  Purpose:
+*       Check if there is enough space insert onemore character in the given
+*       block, if not then allocate more memory.
+*
+*  Return:
+*       FALSE if more memory needed and the reallocation failed.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static int __check_float_string(size_t nFloatStrUsed,
+                                size_t *pnFloatStrSz,
+                                _TCHAR **pFloatStr,
+                                _TCHAR *floatstring,
+                                int *pmalloc_FloatStrFlag)
+{
+    void *tmpPointer;
+    _ASSERTE(nFloatStrUsed<=(*pnFloatStrSz));
+    if (nFloatStrUsed==(*pnFloatStrSz))
+    {
+        size_t newSize;
+
+        // Will (*pnFloatStrSz) * 2 * sizeof(_TCHAR) overflow?
+        if ( *pnFloatStrSz > (SIZE_T_MAX / 2 / sizeof(_TCHAR)))
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        newSize = *pnFloatStrSz * 2 * sizeof(_TCHAR);
+        
+        if ((*pFloatStr)==floatstring)
+        {
+            if (((*pFloatStr)=(_TCHAR *)_malloc_crt(newSize))==NULL)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            (*pmalloc_FloatStrFlag)=1;
+
+            memcpy((*pFloatStr),floatstring,(*pnFloatStrSz)*sizeof(_TCHAR));
+            (*pnFloatStrSz)*=2;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if ((tmpPointer=(_TCHAR *)_realloc_crt((*pFloatStr), newSize))==NULL)
+            {
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            (*pFloatStr)=(_TCHAR *)(tmpPointer);
+            (*pnFloatStrSz)*=2;
+        }
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+#define ASCII       32           /* # of bytes needed to hold 256 bits */
+
+#define SCAN_SHORT     0         /* also for FLOAT */
+#define SCAN_LONG      1         /* also for DOUBLE */
+#define SCAN_L_DOUBLE  2         /* only for LONG DOUBLE */
+
+#define SCAN_NEAR    0
+#define SCAN_FAR     1
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+#define TABLESIZE    ASCII
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#define TABLESIZE    (ASCII * 256)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+
+/***
+*int _input(stream, format, arglist), static int input(format, arglist)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   get input items (data items or literal matches) from the input stream
+*   and assign them if appropriate to the items thru the arglist. this
+*   function is intended for internal library use only, not for the user
+*
+*   The _input entry point is for the normal scanf() functions
+*   The input entry point is used when compiling for _cscanf() [CPRFLAF
+*   defined] and is a static function called only by _cscanf() -- reads from
+*   console.
+*
+*   This code also defines _input_s, which works differently for %c, %s & %[.
+*   For these, _input_s first picks up the next argument from the variable
+*   argument list & uses it as the maximum size of the character array pointed
+*   to by the next argument in the list.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   FILE *stream - file to read from
+*   char *format - format string to determine the data to read
+*   arglist - list of pointer to data items
+*
+*Exit:
+*   returns number of items assigned and fills in data items
+*   returns EOF if error or EOF found on stream before 1st data item matched
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+    #define _INTRN_LOCALE_CONV( x ) localeconv()
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+        int __cdecl __tinput_s (miniFILE* stream, const _TUCHAR* format, va_list arglist)
+#else
+        int __cdecl __twinput_s (miniFILE* stream, const _TUCHAR* format, va_list arglist)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+{
+    _TCHAR floatstring[_CVTBUFSIZE + 1];
+    _TCHAR *pFloatStr=floatstring;
+    size_t nFloatStrUsed=0;
+    size_t nFloatStrSz=sizeof(floatstring)/sizeof(floatstring[0]);
+    int malloc_FloatStrFlag=0;
+
+    unsigned long number;               /* temp hold-value                   */
+#if ALLOC_TABLE
+    char *table = NULL;                 /* which chars allowed for %[]       */
+    int malloc_flag = 0;                /* is "table" allocated on the heap? */
+#else  /* ALLOC_TABLE */
+    char AsciiTable[TABLESIZE];
+    char *table = AsciiTable;
+#endif  /* ALLOC_TABLE */
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+    uint64_t num64 = 0LL;             /* temp for 64-bit integers          */
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+    void *pointer=NULL;                 /* points to user data receptacle    */
+    void *start;                        /* indicate non-empty string         */
+
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+    wchar_t wctemp=L'\0';
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+    _TUCHAR *scanptr;                   /* for building "table" data         */
+    int ch = 0;
+    int charcount;                      /* total number of chars read        */
+    int comchr;                        /* holds designator type             */
+    int count;                          /* return value.  # of assignments   */
+
+    int started;                        /* indicate good number              */
+    int width;                          /* width of field                    */
+    int widthset;                       /* user has specified width          */
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+    size_t array_width = 0;
+    size_t original_array_width = 0;
+    int enomem = 0;
+    int format_error = FALSE;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+
+/* Neither coerceshort nor farone are need for the 386 */
+
+
+    char done_flag;                     /* general purpose loop monitor      */
+    char longone;                       /* 0 = SHORT, 1 = LONG, 2 = L_DOUBLE */
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+    int integer64;                      /* 1 for 64-bit integer, 0 otherwise */
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+    signed char widechar;               /* -1 = char, 0 = ????, 1 = wchar_t  */
+    char reject;                        /* %[^ABC] instead of %[ABC]         */
+    char negative;                      /* flag for '-' detected             */
+    char suppress;                      /* don't assign anything             */
+    char match;                         /* flag: !0 if any fields matched    */
+    va_list arglistsave;                /* save arglist value                */
+
+    char fl_wchar_arg;                  /* flags wide char/string argument   */
+
+    _TCHAR decimal;
+
+
+    _TUCHAR rngch;
+    _TUCHAR last;
+    _TUCHAR prevchar;
+    _TCHAR tch;
+
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (stream != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+    /*
+    count = # fields assigned
+    charcount = # chars read
+    match = flag indicating if any fields were matched
+
+    [Note that we need both count and match.  For example, a field
+    may match a format but have assignments suppressed.  In this case,
+    match will get set, but 'count' will still equal 0.  We need to
+    distinguish 'match vs no-match' when terminating due to EOF.]
+    */
+
+    count = charcount = match = 0;
+
+    while (*format) {
+
+        if (_istspace((_TUCHAR)*format)) {
+
+            UN_INC(EAT_WHITE()); /* put first non-space char back */
+
+            do {
+                tch = *++format;
+            } while (_istspace((_TUCHAR)tch));
+
+            continue;
+
+        }
+
+        if (_T('%') == *format) {
+
+            number = 0;
+            prevchar = 0;
+            width = widthset = started = 0;
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+            original_array_width = array_width = 0;
+            enomem = 0;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+            fl_wchar_arg = done_flag = suppress = negative = reject = 0;
+            widechar = 0;
+
+            longone = 1;
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+            integer64 = 0;
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+
+            while (!done_flag) {
+
+                comchr = *++format;
+                if (_ISDIGIT((_TUCHAR)comchr)) {
+                    ++widthset;
+                    width = MUL10(width) + (comchr - _T('0'));
+                } else
+                    switch (comchr) {
+                        case _T('F') :
+                        case _T('N') :   /* no way to push NEAR in large model */
+                            break;  /* NEAR is default in small model */
+                        case _T('h') :
+                            /* set longone to 0 */
+                            --longone;
+                            --widechar;         /* set widechar = -1 */
+                            break;
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+                        case _T('I'):
+                            if ( (*(format + 1) == _T('6')) &&
+                                 (*(format + 2) == _T('4')) )
+                            {
+                                format += 2;
+                                ++integer64;
+                                num64 = 0;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else if ( (*(format + 1) == _T('3')) &&
+                                      (*(format + 2) == _T('2')) )
+                            {
+                                format += 2;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            else if ( (*(format + 1) == _T('d')) ||
+                                      (*(format + 1) == _T('i')) ||
+                                      (*(format + 1) == _T('o')) ||
+                                      (*(format + 1) == _T('x')) ||
+                                      (*(format + 1) == _T('X')) )
+                            {
+                                if (sizeof(void*) == sizeof(__int64))
+                                {
+                                    ++integer64;
+                                    num64 = 0;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (sizeof(void*) == sizeof(__int64))
+                            {
+                                    ++integer64;
+                                    num64 = 0;
+                            }
+                            goto DEFAULT_LABEL;
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+
+                        case _T('L') :
+                        /*  ++longone;  */
+                            ++longone;
+                            break;
+
+                        case _T('q'):
+                            ++integer64;
+                            num64 = 0;
+                            break;
+
+                        case _T('l') :
+                            if (*(format + 1) == _T('l'))
+                            {
+                                ++format;
+#ifdef LONGLONG_IS_INT64
+                                ++integer64;
+                                num64 = 0;
+                                break;
+#else  /* LONGLONG_IS_INT64 */
+                                ++longone;
+                                /* NOBREAK */
+#endif  /* LONGLONG_IS_INT64 */
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                ++longone;
+                                /* NOBREAK */
+                            }
+                        case _T('w') :
+                            ++widechar;         /* set widechar = 1 */
+                            break;
+
+                        case _T('*') :
+                            ++suppress;
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+DEFAULT_LABEL:
+                            ++done_flag;
+                            break;
+                    }
+            }
+
+            if (!suppress) {
+                va_copy(arglistsave, arglist);
+                pointer = va_arg(arglist,void *);
+            } else {
+                pointer = NULL;         // doesn't matter what value we use here - we're only using it as a flag
+            }
+
+            done_flag = 0;
+
+            if (!widechar) {    /* use case if not explicitly specified */
+                if ((*format == _T('S')) || (*format == _T('C')))
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                    --widechar;
+                else
+                    ++widechar;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                    ++widechar;
+                else
+                    --widechar;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            }
+
+            /* switch to lowercase to allow %E,%G, and to
+               keep the switch table small */
+
+            comchr = *format | (_T('a') - _T('A'));
+
+            if (_T('n') != comchr)
+            {
+                if (_T('c') != comchr && LEFT_BRACKET != comchr)
+                    ch = EAT_WHITE();
+                else
+                    ch = INC();
+            }
+
+            if (_T('n') != comchr)
+            {
+                if (_TEOF == ch)
+                    goto error_return;
+            }
+
+            if (!widthset || width) {
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                if(!suppress && (comchr == _T('c') || comchr == _T('s') || comchr == LEFT_BRACKET)) {
+
+                    va_copy(arglist, arglistsave);
+
+                    /* Reinitialize pointer to point to the array to which we write the input */
+                    pointer = va_arg(arglist, void*);
+
+                    va_copy(arglistsave, arglist);
+
+                    /* Get the next argument - size of the array in characters */
+#ifdef _WIN64
+                    original_array_width = array_width = (size_t)(va_arg(arglist, unsigned int));
+#else  /* _WIN64 */
+                    original_array_width = array_width = va_arg(arglist, size_t);
+#endif  /* _WIN64 */
+
+                    if(array_width < 1) {
+                        if (widechar > 0)
+                            *(wchar_t UNALIGNED *)pointer = L'\0';
+                        else
+                            *(char *)pointer = '\0';
+
+                        errno = ENOMEM;
+
+                        goto error_return;
+                    }
+                }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                switch(comchr) {
+
+                    case _T('c'):
+                /*  case _T('C'):  */
+                        if (!widthset) {
+                            ++widthset;
+                            ++width;
+                        }
+                        if (widechar > 0)
+                            fl_wchar_arg++;
+                        goto scanit;
+
+
+                    case _T('s'):
+                /*  case _T('S'):  */
+                        if(widechar > 0)
+                            fl_wchar_arg++;
+                        goto scanit;
+
+
+                    case LEFT_BRACKET :   /* scanset */
+                        if (widechar>0)
+                            fl_wchar_arg++;
+                        scanptr = (_TUCHAR *)(++format);
+
+                        if (_T('^') == *scanptr) {
+                            ++scanptr;
+                            --reject; /* set reject to 255 */
+                        }
+
+                        /* Allocate "table" on first %[] spec */
+#if ALLOC_TABLE
+                        if (table == NULL) {
+                            table = (char*)_malloc_crt(TABLESIZE);
+                            if ( table == NULL)
+                                goto error_return;
+                            malloc_flag = 1;
+                        }
+#endif  /* ALLOC_TABLE */
+                        memset(table, 0, TABLESIZE);
+
+
+                        if (LEFT_BRACKET == comchr)
+                            if (_T(']') == *scanptr) {
+                                prevchar = _T(']');
+                                ++scanptr;
+
+                                table[ _T(']') >> 3] = 1 << (_T(']') & 7);
+
+                            }
+
+                        while (_T(']') != *scanptr) {
+
+                            rngch = *scanptr++;
+
+                            if (_T('-') != rngch ||
+                                 !prevchar ||           /* first char */
+                                 _T(']') == *scanptr) /* last char */
+
+                                table[(prevchar = rngch) >> 3] |= 1 << (rngch & 7);
+
+                            else {  /* handle a-z type set */
+
+                                rngch = *scanptr++; /* get end of range */
+
+                                if (prevchar < rngch)  /* %[a-z] */
+                                    last = rngch;
+                                else {              /* %[z-a] */
+                                    last = prevchar;
+                                    prevchar = rngch;
+                                }
+                                for (rngch = prevchar; rngch <= last; ++rngch)
+                                    table[rngch >> 3] |= 1 << (rngch & 7);
+
+                                prevchar = 0;
+
+                            }
+                        }
+
+
+                        if (!*scanptr)
+                            goto error_return;      /* trunc'd format string */
+
+                        /* scanset completed.  Now read string */
+
+                        if (LEFT_BRACKET == comchr)
+                            format = scanptr;
+
+scanit:
+                        start = pointer;
+
+                        /*
+                         * execute the format directive. that is, scan input
+                         * characters until the directive is fulfilled, eof
+                         * is reached, or a non-matching character is
+                         * encountered.
+                         *
+                         * it is important not to get the next character
+                         * unless that character needs to be tested! other-
+                         * wise, reads from line-buffered devices (e.g.,
+                         * scanf()) would require an extra, spurious, newline
+                         * if the first newline completes the current format
+                         * directive.
+                         */
+                        UN_INC(ch);
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                        /* One element is needed for '\0' for %s & %[ */
+                        if(comchr != _T('c')) {
+                            --array_width;
+                        }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                        while ( !widthset || width-- ) {
+
+                            ch = INC();
+                            if (
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+                                 (_TEOF != ch) &&
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+                                   // char conditions
+                                 ( ( comchr == _T('c')) ||
+                                   // string conditions !isspace()
+                                   ( ( comchr == _T('s') &&
+                                       (!(ch >= _T('\t') && ch <= _T('\r')) &&
+                                       ch != _T(' ')))) ||
+                                   // BRACKET conditions
+                                   ( (comchr == LEFT_BRACKET) &&
+                                     ((table[ch >> 3] ^ reject) & (1 << (ch & 7)))
+                                     )
+                                   )
+                                )
+                            {
+                                if (!suppress) {
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                    if(!array_width) {
+                                        /* We have exhausted the user's buffer */
+
+                                        enomem = 1;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                                    if (fl_wchar_arg) {
+                                        wctemp = L'?';
+                                        char temp[2];
+                                        temp[0] = (char) ch;
+#if 0       // we are not supporting multibyte input strings
+                                        if (isleadbyte((unsigned char)ch))
+                                        {
+                                            temp[1] = (char) INC();
+                                        }
+#endif  /* 0 */
+                                        _MBTOWC(&wctemp, temp, MB_CUR_MAX);
+                                        *(wchar_t UNALIGNED *)pointer = wctemp;
+                                        /* just copy L'?' if mbtowc fails, errno is set by mbtowc */
+                                        pointer = (wchar_t *)pointer + 1;
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                        --array_width;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                                    } else
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                                    if (fl_wchar_arg) {
+                                        *(wchar_t UNALIGNED *)pointer = ch;
+                                        pointer = (wchar_t *)pointer + 1;
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                        --array_width;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                                    } else
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+                                    {
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                                    *(char *)pointer = (char)ch;
+                                    pointer = (char *)pointer + 1;
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                    --array_width;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                                    int temp = 0;
+#ifndef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                    /* convert wide to multibyte */
+                                    if (_ERRCHECK_EINVAL_ERANGE(wctomb_s(&temp, (char *)pointer, MB_LEN_MAX, ch)) == 0)
+                                    {
+                                        /* do nothing if wctomb fails, errno will be set to EILSEQ */
+                                        pointer = (char *)pointer + temp;
+                                    }
+#else  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                                    /* convert wide to multibyte */
+                                    if (array_width >= ((size_t)MB_CUR_MAX))
+                                    {
+_BEGIN_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+                                        temp = wctomb((char *)pointer, ch);
+_END_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        char tmpbuf[MB_LEN_MAX];
+_BEGIN_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+                                        temp = wctomb(tmpbuf, ch);
+_END_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE
+                                        if (temp > 0 && ((size_t)temp) > array_width)
+                                        {
+                                            /* We have exhausted the user's buffer */
+                                            enomem = 1;
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                        memcpy(pointer, tmpbuf, temp);
+                                    }
+                                    if (temp > 0)
+                                    {
+                                        /* do nothing if wctomb fails, errno will be set to EILSEQ */
+                                        pointer = (char *)pointer + temp;
+                                        array_width -= temp;
+                                    }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+                                    }
+                                } /* suppress */
+                                else {
+                                    /* just indicate a match */
+                                    start = (_TCHAR *)start + 1;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else  {
+                                UN_INC(ch);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        /* make sure something has been matched and, if
+                           assignment is not suppressed, null-terminate
+                           output string if comchr != c */
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                        if(enomem) {
+                            errno = ENOMEM;
+                            /* In case of error, blank out the input buffer */
+                            if (fl_wchar_arg)
+                            {
+                                _RESET_STRING(((wchar_t UNALIGNED *)start), original_array_width);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                _RESET_STRING(((char *)start), original_array_width);
+                            }
+
+                            goto error_return;
+                        }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+
+                        if (start != pointer) {
+                            if (!suppress) {
+                                ++count;
+                                if ('c' != comchr) /* null-terminate strings */
+                                {
+                                    if (fl_wchar_arg)
+                                    {
+                                        *(wchar_t UNALIGNED *)pointer = L'\0';
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                        _FILL_STRING(((wchar_t UNALIGNED *)start), original_array_width,
+                                            ((wchar_t UNALIGNED *)pointer - (wchar_t UNALIGNED *)start + 1))
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                    {
+                                        *(char *)pointer = '\0';
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                                        _FILL_STRING(((char *)start), original_array_width,
+                                            ((char *)pointer - (char *)start + 1))
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                // supress set, do nothing
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else
+                            goto error_return;
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case _T('i') :      /* could be d, o, or x */
+
+                        comchr = _T('d'); /* use as default */
+
+                    case _T('x'):
+
+                        if (_T('-') == ch) {
+                            ++negative;
+
+                            goto x_incwidth;
+
+                        } else if (_T('+') == ch) {
+x_incwidth:
+                            if (!--width && widthset)
+                                ++done_flag;
+                            else
+                                ch = INC();
+                        }
+
+                        if (_T('0') == ch) {
+
+                            if (_T('x') == (_TCHAR)(ch = INC()) || _T('X') == (_TCHAR)ch) {
+                                ch = INC();
+                                if (widthset) {
+                                    width -= 2;
+                                    if (width < 1)
+                                        ++done_flag;
+                                }
+                                comchr = _T('x');
+                            } else {
+                                ++started;
+                                if (_T('x') != comchr) {
+                                    if (widthset && !--width)
+                                        ++done_flag;
+                                    comchr = _T('o');
+                                }
+                                else {
+                                    /* scanning a hex number that starts */
+                                    /* with a 0. push back the character */
+                                    /* currently in ch and restore the 0 */
+                                    UN_INC(ch);
+                                    ch = _T('0');
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        goto getnum;
+
+                        /* NOTREACHED */
+
+                    case _T('p') :
+                        /* force %hp to be treated as %p */
+                        longone = 1;
+#ifdef _WIN64
+                        /* force %p to be 64 bit in WIN64 */
+                        ++integer64;
+                        num64 = 0;
+#endif  /* _WIN64 */
+                    case _T('o') :
+                    case _T('u') :
+                    case _T('d') :
+
+                        if (_T('-') == ch) {
+                            ++negative;
+
+                            goto d_incwidth;
+
+                        } else if (_T('+') == ch) {
+d_incwidth:
+                            if (!--width && widthset)
+                                ++done_flag;
+                            else
+                                ch = INC();
+                        }
+
+getnum:
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+                        if ( integer64 ) {
+
+                            while (!done_flag) {
+
+                                if (_T('x') == comchr || _T('p') == comchr)
+
+                                    if (_ISXDIGIT(ch)) {
+                                        num64 <<= 4;
+                                        ch = _hextodec(ch);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                        ++done_flag;
+
+                                else if (_ISDIGIT(ch))
+
+                                    if (_T('o') == comchr)
+                                        if (_T('8') > ch)
+                                                num64 <<= 3;
+                                        else {
+                                                ++done_flag;
+                                        }
+                                    else /* _T('d') == comchr */
+                                        num64 = MUL10(num64);
+
+                                else
+                                    ++done_flag;
+
+                                if (!done_flag) {
+                                    ++started;
+                                    num64 += ch - _T('0');
+
+                                    if (widthset && !--width)
+                                        ++done_flag;
+                                    else
+                                        ch = INC();
+                                } else
+                                    UN_INC(ch);
+
+                            } /* end of WHILE loop */
+
+                            if (negative)
+                                num64 = (uint64_t )(-(__int64)num64);
+                        }
+                        else {
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+                            while (!done_flag) {
+
+                                if (_T('x') == comchr || _T('p') == comchr)
+
+                                    if (_ISXDIGIT(ch)) {
+                                        number = (number << 4);
+                                        ch = _hextodec(ch);
+                                    }
+                                    else
+                                        ++done_flag;
+
+                                else if (_ISDIGIT(ch))
+
+                                    if (_T('o') == comchr)
+                                        if (_T('8') > ch)
+                                            number = (number << 3);
+                                        else {
+                                            ++done_flag;
+                                        }
+                                    else /* _T('d') == comchr */
+                                        number = MUL10(number);
+
+                                else
+                                    ++done_flag;
+
+                                if (!done_flag) {
+                                    ++started;
+                                    number += ch - _T('0');
+
+                                    if (widthset && !--width)
+                                        ++done_flag;
+                                    else
+                                        ch = INC();
+                                } else
+                                    UN_INC(ch);
+
+                            } /* end of WHILE loop */
+
+                            if (negative)
+                                number = (unsigned long)(-(long)number);
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+                        }
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+                        if (_T('F')==comchr) /* expected ':' in long pointer */
+                            started = 0;
+
+                        if (started)
+                            if (!suppress) {
+
+                                ++count;
+assign_num:
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64   
+                                if ( integer64 )
+                                    *(__int64 UNALIGNED *)pointer = ( uint64_t )num64;
+                                else
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64    */
+                                if (longone)
+                                    *(int UNALIGNED *)pointer = (unsigned int)number;
+                                else
+                                    *(short UNALIGNED *)pointer = (unsigned short)number;
+
+                            } else /*NULL*/;
+                        else
+                            goto error_return;
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case _T('n') :      /* char count, don't inc return value */
+                        number = charcount;
+                        if(!suppress)
+                            goto assign_num; /* found in number code above */
+                        break;
+
+
+                    case _T('e') :
+                 /* case _T('E') : */
+                    case _T('f') :
+                    case _T('g') : /* scan a float */
+                 /* case _T('G') : */
+                        nFloatStrUsed=0;
+
+                        if (_T('-') == ch) {
+                            pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = _T('-');
+                            goto f_incwidth;
+
+                        } else if (_T('+') == ch) {
+f_incwidth:
+                            --width;
+                            ch = INC();
+                        }
+
+                        if (!widthset)              /* must watch width */
+                            width = -1;
+
+
+                        /* now get integral part */
+
+                        while (_ISDIGIT(ch) && width--) {
+                            ++started;
+                            pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = (char)ch;
+                            if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                     &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                     &pFloatStr,
+                                                     floatstring,
+                                                     &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                     )==FALSE) {
+                                goto error_return;
+                            }
+                            ch = INC();
+                        }
+
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                        /* convert decimal point to wide-char */
+                        /* if mbtowc fails (should never happen), we use L'.' */
+                        decimal = L'.';
+                        _MBTOWC(&decimal, _INTRN_LOCALE_CONV(_loc_update)->decimal_point, MB_CUR_MAX);
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                       
+                        decimal=*((_INTRN_LOCALE_CONV(_loc_update))->decimal_point);
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+                        /* now check for decimal */
+                        if (decimal == (char)ch && width--) {
+                            ch = INC();
+                            pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = decimal;
+                            if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                     &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                     &pFloatStr,
+                                                     floatstring,
+                                                     &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                     )==FALSE) {
+                                goto error_return;
+                            }
+
+                            while (_ISDIGIT(ch) && width--) {
+                                ++started;
+                                pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = (_TCHAR)ch;
+                                if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                         &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                         &pFloatStr,
+                                                         floatstring,
+                                                         &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                         )==FALSE) {
+                                    goto error_return;
+                                }
+                                ch = INC();
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        /* now check for exponent */
+
+                        if (started && (_T('e') == ch || _T('E') == ch) && width--) {
+                            pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = _T('e');
+                            if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                     &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                     &pFloatStr,
+                                                     floatstring,
+                                                     &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                     )==FALSE) {
+                                goto error_return;
+                            }
+
+                            if (_T('-') == (ch = INC())) {
+
+                                pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = _T('-');
+                                if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                         &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                         &pFloatStr,
+                                                         floatstring,
+                                                         &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                         )==FALSE) {
+                                    goto error_return;
+                                }
+                                goto f_incwidth2;
+
+                            } else if (_T('+') == ch) {
+f_incwidth2:
+                                if (!width--)
+                                    ++width;
+                                else
+                                    ch = INC();
+                            }
+
+
+                            while (_ISDIGIT(ch) && width--) {
+                                ++started;
+                                pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed++] = (_TCHAR)ch;
+                                if (__check_float_string(nFloatStrUsed,
+                                                         &nFloatStrSz,
+                                                         &pFloatStr,
+                                                         floatstring,
+                                                         &malloc_FloatStrFlag
+                                                         )==FALSE) {
+                                    goto error_return;
+                                }
+                                ch = INC();
+                            }
+
+                        }
+
+                        UN_INC(ch);
+
+                        if (started)
+                            if (!suppress) {
+                                ++count;
+                                pFloatStr[nFloatStrUsed]= _T('\0');
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                                _WFASSIGN( longone-1, pointer, pFloatStr, (char)decimal, _loc_update.GetLocaleT());
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                                _FASSIGN( longone-1, pointer, pFloatStr, (char)decimal, _loc_update.GetLocaleT());
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+                            } else /*NULL */;
+                        else
+                            goto error_return;
+
+                        break;
+
+
+                    default:    /* either found '%' or something else */
+
+                        if ((int)*format != (int)ch) {
+                            UN_INC(ch);
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+                            /* error_return ASSERT's if format_error is true */
+                                format_error = TRUE;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+                            goto error_return;
+                            }
+                        else
+                            match--; /* % found, compensate for inc below */
+
+                        if (!suppress)
+                            va_copy(arglist, arglistsave);
+
+                } /* SWITCH */
+
+                match++;        /* matched a format field - set flag */
+
+            } /* WHILE (width) */
+
+            else {  /* zero-width field in format string */
+                UN_INC(ch);  /* check for input error */
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+
+            ++format;  /* skip to next char */
+
+        } else  /*  ('%' != *format) */
+            {
+
+            if ((int)*format++ != (int)(ch = INC()))
+                {
+                UN_INC(ch);
+                goto error_return;
+                }
+#if 0       // we are not supporting multibyte input strings
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+            if (isleadbyte((unsigned char)ch))
+                {
+                int ch2;
+                if ((int)*format++ != (ch2=INC()))
+                    {
+                    UN_INC(ch2);
+                    UN_INC(ch);
+                    goto error_return;
+                    }
+
+                    --charcount; /* only count as one character read */
+                }
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+#endif
+            }
+
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+        if ( (_TEOF == ch) && ((*format != _T('%')) || (*(format + 1) != _T('n'))) )
+            break;
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+    }  /* WHILE (*format) */
+
+error_return:
+#if ALLOC_TABLE
+    if (malloc_flag == 1)
+    {
+        _free_crt(table);
+    }
+#endif  /* ALLOC_TABLE */
+    if (malloc_FloatStrFlag == 1)
+    {
+        _free_crt(pFloatStr);
+    }
+
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+    if (_TEOF == ch)
+        /* If any fields were matched or assigned, return count */
+        return ( (count || match) ? count : EOF);
+    else
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+#ifdef _SECURE_SCANF
+        if(format_error == TRUE) {
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN( ("Invalid Input Format" && 0), EINVAL, count);
+        }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_SCANF */
+        return count;
+
+}
+
+/* _hextodec() returns a value of 0-15 and expects a char 0-9, a-f, A-F */
+/* _inc() is the one place where we put the actual getc code. */
+/* _whiteout() returns the first non-blank character, as defined by isspace() */
+
+static int __cdecl _hextodec ( _TCHAR chr)
+{
+    return _ISDIGIT(chr) ? chr : (chr & ~(_T('a') - _T('A'))) - _T('A') + 10 + _T('0');
+}
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+static int __cdecl _inc(void)
+{
+    return (_gettche_nolock());
+}
+
+static void __cdecl _un_inc(int chr)
+{
+    if (_TEOF != chr) {
+        _ungettch_nolock(chr);
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl _whiteout(REG1 int* counter)
+{
+    REG2 int ch;
+
+    do
+    {
+        ++*counter;
+        ch = _inc();
+
+        if (ch == _TEOF)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    while(_istspace((_TUCHAR)ch));
+    return ch;
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+static int __cdecl _inc(miniFILE* fileptr)
+{
+    return (_gettc_nolock(fileptr));
+}
+
+static void __cdecl _un_inc(int chr, miniFILE* fileptr)
+{
+    if (_TEOF != chr) {
+        _ungettc_nolock(chr,fileptr);
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl _whiteout(int* counter, miniFILE* fileptr)
+{
+    int ch;
+
+    do
+    {
+        ++*counter;
+        ch = _inc(fileptr);
+
+        if (ch == _TEOF)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    while(_istspace((_TUCHAR)ch));
+    return ch;
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal.h b/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f4220c2b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1097 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*internal.h - contains declarations of internal routines and variables
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Declares routines and variables used internally by the C run-time.
+*
+*       [Internal]
+*
+****/
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER > 1000 */
+
+#ifndef _INC_INTERNAL
+#define _INC_INTERNAL
+
+#include <crtdefs.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#include <cruntime.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+/*
+ * Conditionally include windows.h to pick up the definition of
+ * CRITICAL_SECTION.
+ */
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma pack(push,_CRT_PACKING)
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER */
+
+/* Define function types used in several startup sources */
+
+typedef void (__cdecl *_PVFV)(void);
+typedef int  (__cdecl *_PIFV)(void);
+typedef void (__cdecl *_PVFI)(int);
+
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(_M_CEE)
+typedef const void* (__clrcall *_PVFVM)(void);
+typedef int (__clrcall *_PIFVM)(void);
+typedef void (__clrcall *_CPVFV)(void);
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(_M_CEE) */
+
+#if defined (_M_CEE_PURE) || (defined (_DLL) && defined (_M_IX86))
+/* Retained for compatibility with VC++ 5.0 and earlier versions */
+_CRTIMP int * __cdecl __p__commode(void);
+#endif  /* defined (_M_CEE_PURE) || (defined (_DLL) && defined (_M_IX86)) */
+#if defined (SPECIAL_CRTEXE) && defined (_DLL)
+        extern int _commode;
+#else  /* defined (SPECIAL_CRTEXE) && defined (_DLL) */
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+_CRTIMP extern int _commode;
+#else  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+#define _commode (*__p___commode())
+#endif  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+#endif  /* defined (SPECIAL_CRTEXE) && defined (_DLL) */
+
+#define __IOINFO_TM_ANSI    0   /* Regular Text */
+#define __IOINFO_TM_UTF8    1   /* UTF8 Encoded */
+#define __IOINFO_TM_UTF16LE 2   /* UTF16 Little Endian Encoded */
+
+/*
+ * Control structure for lowio file handles
+ */
+typedef struct {
+        intptr_t osfhnd;    /* underlying OS file HANDLE */
+        char osfile;        /* attributes of file (e.g., open in text mode?) */
+        char pipech;        /* one char buffer for handles opened on pipes */
+        int lockinitflag;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION lock;
+#ifndef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+        /* Not used in the safecrt downlevel. We do not define them, so we cannot use them accidentally */
+        char textmode : 7;     /* __IOINFO_TM_ANSI or __IOINFO_TM_UTF8 or __IOINFO_TM_UTF16LE */
+        char unicode : 1;      /* Was the file opened as unicode? */
+        char pipech2[2];       /* 2 more peak ahead chars for UNICODE mode */
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+    }   ioinfo;
+
+/*
+ * Definition of IOINFO_L2E, the log base 2 of the number of elements in each
+ * array of ioinfo structs.
+ */
+#define IOINFO_L2E          5
+
+/*
+ * Definition of IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS, the number of elements in ioinfo array
+ */
+#define IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS   (1 << IOINFO_L2E)
+
+/*
+ * Definition of IOINFO_ARRAYS, maximum number of supported ioinfo arrays.
+ */
+#define IOINFO_ARRAYS       64
+
+#define _NHANDLE_           (IOINFO_ARRAYS * IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS)
+
+#define _TZ_STRINGS_SIZE    64
+
+/*
+ * Access macros for getting at an ioinfo struct and its fields from a
+ * file handle
+ */
+#define _pioinfo(i) ( __pioinfo[(i) >> IOINFO_L2E] + ((i) & (IOINFO_ARRAY_ELTS - \
+                              1)) )
+#define _osfhnd(i)  ( _pioinfo(i)->osfhnd )
+
+#define _osfile(i)  ( _pioinfo(i)->osfile )
+
+#define _pipech(i)  ( _pioinfo(i)->pipech )
+
+#define _pipech2(i)  ( _pioinfo(i)->pipech2 )
+
+#define _textmode(i) ( _pioinfo(i)->textmode )
+
+#define _tm_unicode(i) ( _pioinfo(i)->unicode )
+
+/*
+ * Safer versions of the above macros. Currently, only _osfile_safe is
+ * used.
+ */
+#define _pioinfo_safe(i)    ( (((i) != -1) && ((i) != -2)) ? _pioinfo(i) : &__badioinfo )
+
+#define _osfhnd_safe(i)     ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->osfhnd )
+
+#define _osfile_safe(i)     ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->osfile )
+
+#define _pipech_safe(i)     ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->pipech )
+
+#define _pipech2_safe(i)    ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->pipech2 )
+
+#ifdef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+/* safecrt does not have support for textmode, so we always return __IOINFO_TM_ANSI */
+#define _textmode_safe(i)   __IOINFO_TM_ANSI
+#define _tm_unicode_safe(i)  0
+#else  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+#define _textmode_safe(i)   ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->textmode )
+#define _tm_unicode_safe(i) ( _pioinfo_safe(i)->unicode )
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+#ifdef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+/* We need to get this from the downlevel DLL, even when we build safecrt.lib */
+extern __declspec(dllimport) ioinfo __badioinfo;
+extern __declspec(dllimport) ioinfo * __pioinfo[];
+#else  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+/*
+ * Special, static ioinfo structure used only for more graceful handling
+ * of a C file handle value of -1 (results from common errors at the stdio
+ * level).
+ */
+extern _CRTIMP ioinfo __badioinfo;
+
+/*
+ * Array of arrays of control structures for lowio files.
+ */
+extern _CRTIMP ioinfo * __pioinfo[];
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+#endif  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+
+/*
+ * Current number of allocated ioinfo structures (_NHANDLE_ is the upper
+ * limit).
+ */
+extern int _nhandle;
+
+int __cdecl _alloc_osfhnd(void);
+int __cdecl _free_osfhnd(int);
+int __cdecl _set_osfhnd(int, intptr_t);
+
+/*
+    fileno for stdout, stdin & stderr when there is no console
+*/
+#define _NO_CONSOLE_FILENO (intptr_t)-2
+
+
+extern const char __dnames[];
+extern const char __mnames[];
+
+extern int _days[];
+extern int _lpdays[];
+
+extern __time32_t __cdecl __loctotime32_t(int, int, int, int, int, int, int);
+extern __time64_t __cdecl __loctotime64_t(int, int, int, int, int, int, int);
+
+#ifdef _TM_DEFINED
+extern int __cdecl _isindst(__in struct tm * _Time);
+#endif  /* _TM_DEFINED */
+
+extern void __cdecl __tzset(void);
+
+extern int __cdecl _validdrive(unsigned);
+
+/*
+ * If we are only interested in years between 1901 and 2099, we could use this:
+ *
+ *      #define IS_LEAP_YEAR(y)  (y % 4 == 0)
+ */
+
+#define IS_LEAP_YEAR(y)  (((y) % 4 == 0 && (y) % 100 != 0) || (y) % 400 == 0)
+
+/*
+ *      get the buffer used by gmtime
+ */
+struct tm * __cdecl __getgmtimebuf ();
+
+/*
+ * This variable is in the C start-up; the length must be kept synchronized
+ * It is used by the *cenvarg.c modules
+ */
+
+extern char _acfinfo[]; /* "_C_FILE_INFO=" */
+
+#define CFI_LENGTH  12  /* "_C_FILE_INFO" is 12 bytes long */
+
+
+/*
+ * stdio internals
+ */
+#ifndef _FILE_DEFINED
+struct _iobuf {
+        char *_ptr;
+        int   _cnt;
+        char *_base;
+        int   _flag;
+        int   _file;
+        int   _charbuf;
+        int   _bufsiz;
+        char *_tmpfname;
+        };
+typedef struct _iobuf FILE;
+#define _FILE_DEFINED
+#endif  /* _FILE_DEFINED */
+
+#if !defined (_FILEX_DEFINED) && defined (_WINDOWS_)
+
+/*
+ * Variation of FILE type used for the dynamically allocated portion of
+ * __piob[]. For single thread, _FILEX is the same as FILE. For multithread
+ * models, _FILEX has two fields: the FILE struct and the CRITICAL_SECTION
+ * struct used to serialize access to the FILE.
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+        FILE f;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION lock;
+        }   _FILEX;
+
+
+#define _FILEX_DEFINED
+#endif  /* !defined (_FILEX_DEFINED) && defined (_WINDOWS_) */
+
+/*
+ * Number of entries supported in the array pointed to by __piob[]. That is,
+ * the number of stdio-level files which may be open simultaneously. This
+ * is normally set to _NSTREAM_ by the stdio initialization code.
+ */
+extern int _nstream;
+
+/*
+ * Pointer to the array of pointers to FILE/_FILEX structures that are used
+ * to manage stdio-level files.
+ */
+extern void **__piob;
+
+FILE * __cdecl _getstream(void);
+FILE * __cdecl _openfile(__in_z const char * _Filename, __in_z const char * _Mode, __in int _ShFlag, __out FILE * _File);
+FILE * __cdecl _wopenfile(__in_z const wchar_t * _Filename, __in_z const wchar_t * _Mode, __in int _ShFlag, __out FILE * _File);
+void __cdecl _getbuf(__out FILE * _File);
+int __cdecl _filwbuf (__inout FILE * _File);
+int __cdecl _flswbuf(__in int _Ch, __inout FILE * _File);
+void __cdecl _freebuf(__inout FILE * _File);
+int __cdecl _stbuf(__inout FILE * _File);
+void __cdecl _ftbuf(int _Flag, __inout FILE * _File);
+
+#ifdef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+
+int __cdecl _output(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _output_s(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _output_p(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput_s(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput_p(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, va_list _ArgList);
+typedef int (*OUTPUTFN)(FILE *, const char *, va_list);
+typedef int (*WOUTPUTFN)(FILE *, const wchar_t *, va_list);
+
+#else  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+
+int __cdecl _output_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _output_s_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _output_p_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const char *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput_s_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _woutput_p_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *_Format, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+typedef int (*OUTPUTFN)(__inout FILE * _File, const char *, _locale_t, va_list);
+typedef int (*WOUTPUTFN)(__inout FILE * _File, const wchar_t *, _locale_t, va_list);
+
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+
+#ifdef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+
+int __cdecl _input(__in FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const unsigned char * _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _winput(__in FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t * _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _input_s(__in FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const unsigned char * _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _winput_s(__in FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t * _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+typedef int (*INPUTFN)(FILE *, const unsigned char *, va_list);
+typedef int (*WINPUTFN)(FILE *, const wchar_t *, va_list);
+
+#else  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+
+int __cdecl _input_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const unsigned char *, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _winput_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _input_s_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const unsigned char *, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+int __cdecl _winput_s_l(__inout FILE * _File, __in_z __format_string const wchar_t *, __in_opt _locale_t _Locale, va_list _ArgList);
+typedef int (*INPUTFN)(FILE *, const unsigned char *, _locale_t, va_list);
+typedef int (*WINPUTFN)(FILE *, const wchar_t *, _locale_t, va_list);
+
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+#define TINPUTFN WINPUTFN
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#define TINPUTFN INPUTFN
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+
+int __cdecl _flush(__inout FILE * _File);
+void __cdecl _endstdio(void);
+
+errno_t __cdecl _sopen_helper(__in_z const char * _Filename,
+    __in int _OFlag, __in int _ShFlag, __in int _PMode,
+    __out int * _PFileHandle, int _BSecure);
+errno_t __cdecl _wsopen_helper(__in_z const wchar_t * _Filename,
+    __in int _OFlag, __in int _ShFlag, __in int _PMode,
+    __out int * _PFileHandle, int _BSecure);
+
+#ifndef CRTDLL
+extern int _cflush;
+#endif  /* CRTDLL */
+
+extern unsigned int _tempoff;
+
+extern unsigned int _old_pfxlen;
+
+extern int _umaskval;       /* the umask value */
+
+extern char _pipech[];      /* pipe lookahead */
+
+extern char _exitflag;      /* callable termination flag */
+
+extern int _C_Termination_Done; /* termination done flag */
+
+char * __cdecl _getpath(__in_z const char * _Src, __out_ecount_z(_SizeInChars) char * _Dst, __in size_t _SizeInChars);
+wchar_t * __cdecl _wgetpath(__in_z const wchar_t * _Src, __out_ecount_z(_SizeInWords) wchar_t * _Dst, __in size_t _SizeInWords);
+
+extern int _dowildcard;     /* flag to enable argv[] wildcard expansion */
+
+#ifndef _PNH_DEFINED
+typedef int (__cdecl * _PNH)( size_t );
+#define _PNH_DEFINED
+#endif  /* _PNH_DEFINED */
+
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(_M_CEE)
+#ifndef __MPNH_DEFINED
+typedef int (__clrcall * __MPNH)( size_t );
+#define __MPNH_DEFINED
+#endif  /* __MPNH_DEFINED */
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER >= 1400 && defined(_M_CEE) */
+
+
+/* calls the currently installed new handler */
+int __cdecl _callnewh(__in size_t _Size);
+
+extern int _newmode;    /* malloc new() handler mode */
+
+/* pointer to initial environment block that is passed to [w]main */
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+extern _CRTIMP wchar_t **__winitenv;
+extern _CRTIMP char **__initenv;
+#endif  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+
+/* _calloca helper */
+#define _calloca(count, size)  ((count<=0 || size<=0 || ((((size_t)_HEAP_MAXREQ) / ((size_t)count)) < ((size_t)size)))? NULL : _malloca(count * size))
+
+/* startup set values */
+extern char *_aenvptr;      /* environment ptr */
+extern wchar_t *_wenvptr;   /* wide environment ptr */
+
+/* command line */
+
+#if defined (_DLL)
+_CRTIMP char ** __cdecl __p__acmdln(void);
+_CRTIMP wchar_t ** __cdecl __p__wcmdln(void);
+#endif  /* defined (_DLL) */
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+_CRTIMP extern char *_acmdln;
+_CRTIMP extern wchar_t *_wcmdln;
+#else  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+#define _acmdln (*__p__acmdln())
+#define _wcmdln (*__p__wcmdln())
+#endif  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+
+/*
+ * prototypes for internal startup functions
+ */
+int __cdecl _cwild(void);           /* wild.c */
+int __cdecl _wcwild(void);          /* wwild.c */
+int  __cdecl _mtinit(void);         /* tidtable.c */
+void __cdecl _mtterm(void);         /* tidtable.c */
+int  __cdecl _mtinitlocks(void);    /* mlock.c */
+void __cdecl _mtdeletelocks(void);  /* mlock.c */
+int  __cdecl _mtinitlocknum(int);   /* mlock.c */
+
+/* Wrapper for InitializeCriticalSection API, with default spin count */
+int __cdecl __crtInitCritSecAndSpinCount(PCRITICAL_SECTION, DWORD);
+#define _CRT_SPINCOUNT  4000
+
+/*
+ * C source build only!!!!
+ *
+ * more prototypes for internal startup functions
+ */
+void __cdecl _amsg_exit(int);           /* crt0.c */
+void __cdecl __crtExitProcess(int);     /* crt0dat.c */
+void __cdecl __crtCorExitProcess(int);  /* crt0dat.c */
+void __cdecl __crtdll_callstaticterminators(void); /* crt0dat.c */
+
+/*
+_cinit now allows the caller to suppress floating point precision init
+This allows the DLLs that use the CRT to not initialise FP precision,
+allowing the EXE's setting to persist even when a DLL is loaded
+*/
+int  __cdecl _cinit(int /* initFloatingPrecision */);   /* crt0dat.c */
+void __cdecl __doinits(void);           /* astart.asm */
+void __cdecl __doterms(void);           /* astart.asm */
+void __cdecl __dopreterms(void);        /* astart.asm */
+void __cdecl _FF_MSGBANNER(void);
+void __cdecl _fpmath(int /*initPrecision*/);
+void __cdecl _fpclear(void);
+void __cdecl _fptrap(void);             /* crt0fp.c */
+int  __cdecl _heap_init(int);
+void __cdecl _heap_term(void);
+void __cdecl _heap_abort(void);
+void __cdecl __initconin(void);         /* initcon.c */
+void __cdecl __initconout(void);        /* initcon.c */
+int  __cdecl _ioinit(void);             /* crt0.c, crtlib.c */
+void __cdecl _ioterm(void);             /* crt0.c, crtlib.c */
+char * __cdecl _GET_RTERRMSG(int);
+void __cdecl _NMSG_WRITE(int);
+int  __CRTDECL _setargv(void);            /* setargv.c, stdargv.c */
+int  __CRTDECL __setargv(void);           /* stdargv.c */
+int  __CRTDECL _wsetargv(void);           /* wsetargv.c, wstdargv.c */
+int  __CRTDECL __wsetargv(void);          /* wstdargv.c */
+int  __cdecl _setenvp(void);            /* stdenvp.c */
+int  __cdecl _wsetenvp(void);           /* wstdenvp.c */
+void __cdecl __setmbctable(unsigned int);   /* mbctype.c */
+
+#ifdef MRTDLL
+_MRTIMP int __cdecl _onexit_process(_CPVFV);
+_MRTIMP int __cdecl _onexit_app_domain(_CPVFV);
+#endif  /* MRTDLL */
+
+#ifdef _MBCS
+int  __cdecl __initmbctable(void);      /* mbctype.c */
+#endif  /* _MBCS */
+
+#ifndef _MANAGED_MAIN
+int __CRTDECL main(__in int _Argc, __in_ecount_z(_Argc) char ** _Argv, __in_z char ** _Env);
+int __CRTDECL wmain(__in int _Argc, __in_ecount_z(_Argc) wchar_t ** _Argv, __in_z wchar_t ** _Env);
+#endif  /* _MANAGED_MAIN */
+
+/* helper functions for wide/multibyte environment conversion */
+int __cdecl __mbtow_environ (void);
+int __cdecl __wtomb_environ (void);
+
+/* These two functions take a char ** for the environment option
+   At some point during their execution, they take ownership of the
+   memory block passed in using option. At this point, they
+   NULL out the incoming char * / wchar_t * to ensure there is no
+   double-free
+*/
+int __cdecl __crtsetenv (__deref_inout_opt char ** _POption, __in const int _Primary);
+int __cdecl __crtwsetenv (__deref_inout_opt wchar_t ** _POption, __in const int _Primary);
+
+#ifndef _M_CEE_PURE
+_CRTIMP extern void (__cdecl * _aexit_rtn)(int);
+#endif  /* _M_CEE_PURE */
+
+#if defined (_DLL) || defined (CRTDLL)
+
+#ifndef _STARTUP_INFO_DEFINED
+typedef struct
+{
+        int newmode;
+} _startupinfo;
+#define _STARTUP_INFO_DEFINED
+#endif  /* _STARTUP_INFO_DEFINED */
+
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl __getmainargs(__out int * _Argc, __deref_out_ecount(*_Argc) char *** _Argv,
+                                  __deref_out_opt char *** _Env, __in int _DoWildCard,
+                                  __in _startupinfo * _StartInfo);
+
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl __wgetmainargs(__out int * _Argc, __deref_out_ecount(*_Argc)wchar_t *** _Argv,
+                                   __deref_out_opt wchar_t *** _Env, __in int _DoWildCard,
+                                                                   __in _startupinfo * _StartInfo);
+
+#endif  /* defined (_DLL) || defined (CRTDLL) */
+
+/*
+ * Prototype, variables and constants which determine how error messages are
+ * written out.
+ */
+#define _UNKNOWN_APP    0
+#define _CONSOLE_APP    1
+#define _GUI_APP        2
+
+extern int __app_type;
+
+#if !defined (_M_CEE_PURE)
+
+extern Volatile<void*> __native_startup_lock;
+
+#define __NO_REASON UINT_MAX
+extern Volatile<unsigned int> __native_dllmain_reason;
+extern Volatile<unsigned int> __native_vcclrit_reason;
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus)
+
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4483)
+#if _MSC_FULL_VER >= 140050415
+#define _NATIVE_STARTUP_NAMESPACE  __identifier("<CrtImplementationDetails>")
+#else  /* _MSC_FULL_VER >= 140050415 */
+#define _NATIVE_STARTUP_NAMESPACE __CrtImplementationDetails
+#endif  /* _MSC_FULL_VER >= 140050415 */
+
+namespace _NATIVE_STARTUP_NAMESPACE
+{
+    class NativeDll
+    {
+    private:
+        static const unsigned int ProcessDetach   = 0;
+        static const unsigned int ProcessAttach   = 1;
+        static const unsigned int ThreadAttach    = 2;
+        static const unsigned int ThreadDetach    = 3;
+        static const unsigned int ProcessVerifier = 4;
+
+    public:
+
+        inline static bool IsInDllMain()
+        {
+            return (__native_dllmain_reason != __NO_REASON);
+        }
+
+        inline static bool IsInProcessAttach()
+        {
+            return (__native_dllmain_reason == ProcessAttach);
+        }
+
+        inline static bool IsInProcessDetach()
+        {
+            return (__native_dllmain_reason == ProcessDetach);
+        }
+
+        inline static bool IsInVcclrit()
+        {
+            return (__native_vcclrit_reason != __NO_REASON);
+        }
+
+        inline static bool IsSafeForManagedCode()
+        {
+            if (!IsInDllMain())
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (IsInVcclrit())
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            return !IsInProcessAttach() && !IsInProcessDetach();
+        }
+    };
+}
+#pragma warning(pop)
+
+#endif  /* defined (__cplusplus) */
+
+#endif  /* !defined (_M_CEE_PURE) */
+
+extern int __error_mode;
+
+_CRTIMP void __cdecl __set_app_type(int);
+#if defined (CRTDLL) && !defined (_SYSCRT)
+/*
+ * All these function pointer are used for creating global state of CRT
+ * functions. Either all of them will be set or all of them will be NULL
+ */
+typedef void (__cdecl *_set_app_type_function)(int);
+typedef int (__cdecl *_get_app_type_function)();
+extern _set_app_type_function __set_app_type_server;
+extern _get_app_type_function __get_app_type_server;
+#endif  /* defined (CRTDLL) && !defined (_SYSCRT) */
+
+/*
+ * C source build only!!!!
+ *
+ * map Win32 errors into Xenix errno values -- for modules written in C
+ */
+_CRTIMP void __cdecl _dosmaperr(unsigned long);
+extern int __cdecl _get_errno_from_oserr(unsigned long);
+
+/*
+ * internal routines used by the exec/spawn functions
+ */
+
+extern intptr_t __cdecl _dospawn(__in int _Mode, __in_z_opt const char * _Name, __inout_z char * _Cmd, __in_z_opt char * _Env);
+extern intptr_t __cdecl _wdospawn(__in int _Mode, __in_z_opt const wchar_t * _Name, __inout_z wchar_t * _Cmd, __in_z_opt wchar_t * _Env);
+extern int __cdecl _cenvarg(__in_z const char * const * _Argv, __in_z_opt const char * const * _Env,
+        __deref_out_opt char ** _ArgBlk, __deref_out_opt char ** _EnvBlk, __in_z const char *_Name);
+extern int __cdecl _wcenvarg(__in_z const wchar_t * const * _Argv, __in_z_opt const wchar_t * const * _Env,
+        __deref_out_opt wchar_t ** _ArgBlk, __deref_out_opt wchar_t ** _EnvBlk, __in_z const wchar_t * _Name);
+#ifndef _M_IX86
+extern char ** _capture_argv(__in va_list *, __in_z const char * _FirstArg, __out_ecount_z(_MaxCount) char ** _Static_argv, __in size_t _MaxCount);
+extern wchar_t ** _wcapture_argv(__in va_list *, __in_z const wchar_t * _FirstArg, __out_ecount_z(_MaxCount) wchar_t ** _Static_argv, __in size_t _MaxCount);
+#endif  /* _M_IX86 */
+
+/*
+ * internal routine used by the abort
+ */
+
+extern _PHNDLR __cdecl __get_sigabrt(void);
+
+/*
+ * Type from ntdef.h
+ */
+
+typedef LONG NTSTATUS;
+
+/*
+ * Exception code used in _invalid_parameter
+ */
+
+#ifndef STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER
+#define STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER         ((NTSTATUS)0xC000000DL)
+#endif  /* STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER */
+
+/*
+ * Exception code used for abort and _CALL_REPORTFAULT
+ */
+
+#ifndef STATUS_FATAL_APP_EXIT
+#define STATUS_FATAL_APP_EXIT            ((NTSTATUS)0x40000015L)
+#endif  /* STATUS_FATAL_APP_EXIT */
+
+/*
+ * Validate functions
+ */
+#include <crtdbg.h> /* _ASSERTE */
+#include <errno.h>
+
+#define __STR2WSTR(str)    L##str
+
+#define _STR2WSTR(str)     __STR2WSTR(str)
+
+#define __FILEW__          _STR2WSTR(__FILE__)
+#define __FUNCTIONW__      _STR2WSTR(__FUNCTION__)
+
+/* We completely fill the buffer only in debug (see _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING
+ * and _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE macros).
+ */
+#if !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#else  /* _DEBUG */
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 0
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+#endif  /* !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER) */
+
+#ifndef _SAFECRT_IMPL
+/* _invalid_parameter is already defined in safecrt.h and safecrt.lib */
+#if !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE)
+extern "C++"
+#endif  /* !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE) */
+_CRTIMP
+#endif  /* _SAFECRT_IMPL */
+void __cdecl _invalid_parameter(__in_z_opt const wchar_t *, __in_z_opt const wchar_t *, __in_z_opt const wchar_t *, unsigned int, uintptr_t);
+
+#if !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE)
+extern "C++"
+#endif  /* !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE) */
+_CRTIMP
+void __cdecl _invoke_watson(__in_z_opt const wchar_t *, __in_z_opt const wchar_t *, __in_z_opt const wchar_t *, unsigned int, uintptr_t);
+
+#ifndef _DEBUG
+#if !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE)
+extern "C++"
+#endif  /* !defined (_NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED) && defined (_M_CEE_PURE) */
+_CRTIMP
+void __cdecl _invalid_parameter_noinfo(void);
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+
+/* Invoke Watson if _ExpressionError is not 0; otherwise simply return _EspressionError */
+__forceinline
+void _invoke_watson_if_error(
+    errno_t _ExpressionError,
+    const wchar_t *_Expression,
+    const wchar_t *_Function,
+    const wchar_t *_File,
+    unsigned int _Line,
+    uintptr_t _Reserved
+    )
+{
+    if (_ExpressionError == 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+    _invoke_watson(_Expression, _Function, _File, _Line, _Reserved);
+}
+
+/* Invoke Watson if _ExpressionError is not 0 and equal to _ErrorValue1 or _ErrorValue2; otherwise simply return _EspressionError */
+__forceinline
+errno_t _invoke_watson_if_oneof(
+    errno_t _ExpressionError,
+    errno_t _ErrorValue1,
+    errno_t _ErrorValue2,
+    const wchar_t *_Expression,
+    const wchar_t *_Function,
+    const wchar_t *_File,
+    unsigned int _Line,
+    uintptr_t _Reserved
+    )
+{
+    if (_ExpressionError == 0 || (_ExpressionError != _ErrorValue1 && _ExpressionError != _ErrorValue2))
+    {
+        return _ExpressionError;
+    }
+    _invoke_watson(_Expression, _Function, _File, _Line, _Reserved);
+    return _ExpressionError;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and return
+ *
+ */
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define _CALL_INVALID_PARAMETER_FUNC(funcname, expr) funcname(expr, __FUNCTIONW__, __FILEW__, __LINE__, 0)
+#define _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ERROR(expr) _invoke_watson_if_error((expr), __STR2WSTR(#expr), __FUNCTIONW__, __FILEW__, __LINE__, 0)
+#define _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ONEOF(expr, errvalue1, errvalue2) _invoke_watson_if_oneof(expr, (errvalue1), (errvalue2), __STR2WSTR(#expr), __FUNCTIONW__, __FILEW__, __LINE__, 0)
+#else  /* _DEBUG */
+#define _CALL_INVALID_PARAMETER_FUNC(funcname, expr) funcname(NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0)
+#define _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ERROR(expr) _invoke_watson_if_error(expr, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0)
+#define _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ONEOF(expr, errvalue1, errvalue2) _invoke_watson_if_oneof((expr), (errvalue1), (errvalue2), NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, 0)
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+
+#define _INVALID_PARAMETER(expr) _CALL_INVALID_PARAMETER_FUNC(_invalid_parameter, expr)
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_VOID( expr, errorcode )                               \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            return;                                                            \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and return value
+ */
+
+#ifndef _VALIDATE_RETURN
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN( expr, errorcode, retexpr )                           \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                             \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+#endif  /* _VALIDATE_RETURN */
+
+#ifndef _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC( expr, errorcode, retexpr )                     \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if ( !(expr) )                                                         \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+#endif  /* _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC */
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and set retval for later usage
+ */
+
+#define _VALIDATE_SETRET( expr, errorcode, retval, retexpr )                   \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            retval=( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _CHECK_FH_RETURN( handle, errorcode, retexpr )                         \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if(handle == _NO_CONSOLE_FILENO)                                       \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/*
+    We use _VALIDATE_STREAM_ANSI_RETURN to ensure that ANSI file operations(
+    fprintf etc) aren't called on files opened as UNICODE. We do this check
+    only if it's an actual FILE pointer & not a string
+*/
+
+#define _VALIDATE_STREAM_ANSI_RETURN( stream, errorcode, retexpr )                   \
+    {                                                                                \
+        FILE *_Stream=stream;                                                        \
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN(( (_Stream->_flag & _IOSTRG) ||                             \
+                       (   (_textmode_safe(_fileno(_Stream)) == __IOINFO_TM_ANSI) && \
+                            !_tm_unicode_safe(_fileno(_Stream)))),                   \
+                        errorcode, retexpr)                                          \
+    }
+
+/*
+    We use _VALIDATE_STREAM_ANSI_SETRET to ensure that ANSI file operations(
+    fprintf etc) aren't called on files opened as UNICODE. We do this check
+    only if it's an actual FILE pointer & not a string. It doesn't actually return
+        immediately
+*/
+
+#define _VALIDATE_STREAM_ANSI_SETRET( stream, errorcode, retval, retexpr)            \
+    {                                                                                \
+        FILE *_Stream=stream;                                                        \
+        _VALIDATE_SETRET(( (_Stream->_flag & _IOSTRG) ||                             \
+                       (   (_textmode_safe(_fileno(_Stream)) == __IOINFO_TM_ANSI) && \
+                            !_tm_unicode_safe(_fileno(_Stream)))),                   \
+                            errorcode, retval, retexpr)                              \
+    }
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * Return value (do not set errno)
+ */
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOERRNO( expr, retexpr )                              \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and return errorcode
+ */
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE( expr, errorcode )                            \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            return ( errorcode );                                              \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE_NOEXC( expr, errorcode )                      \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if (!(expr))                                                           \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            return ( errorcode );                                              \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _VALIDATE_CLEAR_OSSERR_RETURN( expr, errorcode, retexpr )              \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            _doserrno = 0L;                                                    \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                             \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _CHECK_FH_CLEAR_OSSERR_RETURN( handle, errorcode, retexpr )            \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if(handle == _NO_CONSOLE_FILENO)                                       \
+        {                                                                      \
+            _doserrno = 0L;                                                    \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _VALIDATE_CLEAR_OSSERR_RETURN_ERRCODE( expr, errorcode )               \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            _doserrno = 0L;                                                    \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            return ( errorcode );                                              \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#define _CHECK_FH_CLEAR_OSSERR_RETURN_ERRCODE( handle, retexpr )               \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if(handle == _NO_CONSOLE_FILENO)                                       \
+        {                                                                      \
+            _doserrno = 0L;                                                    \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+extern size_t __crtDebugFillThreshold;
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+
+#if !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD __crtDebugFillThreshold
+#else  /* _DEBUG */
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)0)
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+#endif  /* !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD) */
+
+#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)                            \
+    if ((_Size) != ((size_t)-1) && (_Size) != INT_MAX &&                            \
+        ((size_t)(_Offset)) < (_Size))                                              \
+    {                                                                               \
+        memset((_String) + (_Offset),                                               \
+            _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN,                                         \
+            (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD < ((size_t)((_Size) - (_Offset))) ?   \
+                _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD :                                  \
+                ((_Size) - (_Offset))) * sizeof(*(_String)));                       \
+    }
+#else  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)
+#endif  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+
+#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE(_Position)                \
+    if (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD > 0)           \
+    {                                                   \
+        (_Position) = _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN;   \
+    }
+#else  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE(_Position)
+#endif  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE extern "C"
+#else  /* __cplusplus */
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+/* helper macros to redirect an mbs function to the corresponding _l version */
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_1(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, NULL); \
+    }
+
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_2(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1, _Type2) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1, _Type2 _Arg2) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, _Arg2, NULL); \
+    }
+
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_3(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1, _Type2, _Type3) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1, _Type2 _Arg2, _Type3 _Arg3) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, _Arg2, _Arg3, NULL); \
+    }
+
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_4(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1, _Type2, _Type3, _Type4) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1, _Type2 _Arg2, _Type3 _Arg3, _Type4 _Arg4) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, _Arg2, _Arg3, _Arg4, NULL); \
+    }
+
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_5(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1, _Type2, _Type3, _Type4, _Type5) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1, _Type2 _Arg2, _Type3 _Arg3, _Type4 _Arg4, _Type5 _Arg5) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, _Arg2, _Arg3, _Arg4, _Arg5, NULL); \
+    }
+
+#define _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_6(_ReturnType, _FunctionName, _Type1, _Type2, _Type3, _Type4, _Type5, _Type6) \
+    _REDIRECT_TO_L_VERSION_FUNC_PROLOGUE \
+    _ReturnType __cdecl _FunctionName(_Type1 _Arg1, _Type2 _Arg2, _Type3 _Arg3, _Type4 _Arg4, _Type5 _Arg5, _Type6 _Arg6) \
+    { \
+        return _FunctionName##_l(_Arg1, _Arg2, _Arg3, _Arg4, _Arg5, _Arg6, NULL); \
+    }
+
+/* internal helper functions for encoding and decoding pointers */
+void __cdecl _init_pointers();
+_CRTIMP void * __cdecl _encode_pointer(void *);
+_CRTIMP void * __cdecl _encoded_null();
+_CRTIMP void * __cdecl _decode_pointer(void *);
+
+/* internal helper function for communicating with the debugger */
+BOOL DebuggerKnownHandle();
+
+/* Macros to simplify the use of Secure CRT in the CRT itself.
+ * We should use [_BEGIN/_END]_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE sparingly.
+ */
+#define _BEGIN_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE \
+    __pragma(warning(push)) \
+    __pragma(warning(disable:4996))
+
+#define _END_SECURE_CRT_DEPRECATION_DISABLE \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+
+#define _ERRCHECK(e) \
+    _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ERROR(e)
+
+#define _ERRCHECK_EINVAL(e) \
+    _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ONEOF(e, EINVAL, EINVAL)
+
+#define _ERRCHECK_EINVAL_ERANGE(e) \
+    _INVOKE_WATSON_IF_ONEOF(e, EINVAL, ERANGE)
+
+#define _ERRCHECK_SPRINTF(_PrintfCall) \
+    { \
+        errno_t _SaveErrno = errno; \
+        errno = 0; \
+        if ( ( _PrintfCall ) < 0) \
+        { \
+            _ERRCHECK_EINVAL_ERANGE(errno); \
+        } \
+        errno = _SaveErrno; \
+    }
+
+/* internal helper function to access environment variable in read-only mode */
+const wchar_t * __cdecl _wgetenv_helper_nolock(const wchar_t *);
+const char * __cdecl _getenv_helper_nolock(const char *);
+
+/* internal helper routines used to query a PE image header. */
+BOOL __cdecl _ValidateImageBase(PBYTE pImageBase);
+PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER __cdecl _FindPESection(PBYTE pImageBase, DWORD_PTR rva);
+BOOL __cdecl _IsNonwritableInCurrentImage(PBYTE pTarget);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif  /* __cplusplus */
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma pack(pop)
+#endif  /* _MSC_VER */
+
+#endif  /* _INC_INTERNAL */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal_securecrt.h b/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal_securecrt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c38bc4613b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/internal_securecrt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*internal_securecrt.h - contains declarations of internal routines and variables for securecrt
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Declares routines and variables used internally in the SecureCRT implementation.
+*       In this include file we define the macros needed to implement the secure functions
+*       inlined in the *.inl files like tcscpy_s.inl, etc.
+*       Note that this file is used for the CRT implementation, while internal_safecrt is used
+*       to build the downlevel library safecrt.lib.
+*
+*       [Internal]
+*
+****/
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef _INC_INTERNAL_SECURECRT
+#define _INC_INTERNAL_SECURECRT
+
+/* more VS specific goodness */
+#define __out_ecount_z( x )
+#define __out_ecount( x )
+#define __in_opt
+#define __in_z_opt
+#define __out_ecount_z_opt( x )
+#define __in_z
+#define __in
+
+/* 
+ * The original SafeCRT implemention allows runtine control over buffer checking.
+ * For now we'll key this off the debug flag.
+ */
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    #define _CrtGetCheckCount()                 ((int)1)
+#else
+    #define _CrtGetCheckCount()                 ((int)0)
+#endif
+
+/* Assert message and Invalid parameter */
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    #define _ASSERT_EXPR( val, exp )                                            \
+        {                                                                       \
+            if ( ( val ) == 0 )                                                 \
+            {                                                                   \
+                if ( sMBUSafeCRTAssertFunc != NULL )                            \
+                {                                                               \
+                    ( *sMBUSafeCRTAssertFunc )( #exp, "SafeCRT assert failed", __FILE__, __LINE__ );    \
+                }                                                               \
+            }                                                                   \
+        }
+    #define _INVALID_PARAMETER( exp )   _ASSERT_EXPR( 0, exp )
+    #define _ASSERTE( exp ) _ASSERT_EXPR( exp, exp )
+#else
+    #define _ASSERT_EXPR( val, expr )
+    #define _INVALID_PARAMETER( exp )
+    #define _ASSERTE( exp )
+#endif
+
+/* _TRUNCATE */
+#if !defined (_TRUNCATE)
+#define _TRUNCATE ((size_t)-1)
+#endif  /* !defined (_TRUNCATE) */
+
+/* #include <internal.h> */
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_VOID( expr, errorcode )                               \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), #expr );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(#expr);                              \
+            return;                                                            \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and return value
+ */
+
+#ifndef _VALIDATE_RETURN
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN( expr, errorcode, retexpr )                           \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), #expr );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(#expr );                             \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+#endif  /* _VALIDATE_RETURN */
+
+#ifndef _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC( expr, errorcode, retexpr )                     \
+    {                                                                          \
+        if ( !(expr) )                                                         \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            return ( retexpr );                                                \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+#endif  /* _VALIDATE_RETURN_NOEXC */
+
+/*
+ * Assert in debug builds.
+ * set errno and return errorcode
+ */
+
+#define _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE( expr, errorcode )                            \
+    {                                                                          \
+        int _Expr_val=!!(expr);                                                \
+        _ASSERT_EXPR( ( _Expr_val ), _CRT_WIDE(#expr) );                       \
+        if ( !( _Expr_val ) )                                                  \
+        {                                                                      \
+            errno = errorcode;                                                 \
+            _INVALID_PARAMETER(_CRT_WIDE(#expr));                              \
+            return ( errorcode );                                              \
+        }                                                                      \
+    }
+
+/* We completely fill the buffer only in debug (see _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING
+ * and _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE macros).
+ */
+#if !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#else  /* _DEBUG */
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 0
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+#endif  /* !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER) */
+
+/* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN is the same as _bNoMansLandFill */
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN 0xFD
+
+#if !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD)
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+#else  /* _DEBUG */
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)0)
+#endif  /* _DEBUG */
+#endif  /* !defined (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD) */
+
+#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)                            \
+    if ((_Size) != ((size_t)-1) && (_Size) != INT_MAX &&                            \
+        ((size_t)(_Offset)) < (_Size))                                              \
+    {                                                                               \
+        memset((_String) + (_Offset),                                               \
+            _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN,                                         \
+            (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD < ((size_t)((_Size) - (_Offset))) ?   \
+                _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD :                                  \
+                ((_Size) - (_Offset))) * sizeof(*(_String)));                       \
+    }
+#else  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(_String, _Size, _Offset)
+#endif  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+
+#if _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE(_Position)                \
+    if (_SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD > 0)           \
+    {                                                   \
+        (_Position) = _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_PATTERN;   \
+    }
+#else  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+#define _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE(_Position)
+#endif  /* _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER */
+
+/* string resetting */
+#define _FILL_STRING _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING
+
+#define _FILL_BYTE _SECURECRT__FILL_BYTE
+
+#define _RESET_STRING(_String, _Size)           \
+    {                                           \
+        *(_String) = 0;                         \
+        _FILL_STRING((_String), (_Size), 1);    \
+    }
+
+/* validations */
+#define _VALIDATE_STRING_ERROR(_String, _Size, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN((_String) != NULL && (_Size) > 0, EINVAL, (_Ret))
+
+#define _VALIDATE_STRING(_String, _Size) \
+    _VALIDATE_STRING_ERROR((_String), (_Size), EINVAL)
+
+#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Pointer, _ErrorCode, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN((_Pointer) != NULL, (_ErrorCode), (_Ret))
+
+#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR(_Pointer, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN((_Pointer), EINVAL, (_Ret))
+
+#define _VALIDATE_POINTER(_Pointer) \
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR((_Pointer), EINVAL)
+
+#define _VALIDATE_CONDITION_ERROR_RETURN(_Condition, _ErrorCode, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN((_Condition), (_ErrorCode), (_Ret))
+
+#define _VALIDATE_CONDITION_ERROR(_Condition, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_CONDITION_ERROR_RETURN((_Condition), EINVAL, (_Ret))
+
+#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING_ERROR(_Pointer, _String, _Size, _Ret) \
+    if ((_Pointer) == NULL) \
+    { \
+        _RESET_STRING((_String), (_Size)); \
+        _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN((_Pointer), EINVAL, (_Ret)) \
+    }
+
+#define _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_Pointer, _String, _Size) \
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING_ERROR((_Pointer), (_String), (_Size), EINVAL)
+
+#define _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL_ERROR(_String, _Size, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Buffer is too small" && 0), ERANGE, _Ret)
+
+#define _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_String, _Size) \
+    _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL_ERROR((_String), (_Size), ERANGE)
+
+#define _RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_String, _Size) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(("String is not null terminated" && 0), EINVAL, EINVAL)
+
+#define _RETURN_EINVAL \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Invalid parameter" && 0), EINVAL, EINVAL)
+
+#define _RETURN_ERROR(_Msg, _Ret) \
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(((_Msg), 0), EINVAL, _Ret)
+
+/* returns without calling _invalid_parameter */
+#define _RETURN_NO_ERROR \
+    return 0
+
+/* Note that _RETURN_TRUNCATE does not set errno */
+#define _RETURN_TRUNCATE \
+    return STRUNCATE
+
+#define _SET_MBCS_ERROR \
+    (errno = EILSEQ)
+
+#define _RETURN_MBCS_ERROR \
+    return _SET_MBCS_ERROR
+
+/* locale dependent */
+#define _LOCALE_ARG \
+    _LocInfo
+
+#define _LOCALE_ARG_DECL \
+    _locale_t _LOCALE_ARG
+
+#define _LOCALE_UPDATE \
+    _LocaleUpdate _LocUpdate(_LOCALE_ARG)
+
+#define _ISMBBLEAD(_Character) \
+    _ismbblead_l((_Character), _LocUpdate.GetLocaleT())
+
+#define _MBSDEC(_String, _Current) \
+    _mbsdec((_String), (_Current))
+
+#define _ISMBBLEADPREFIX(_Result, _StringStart, _BytePtr)               \
+    {                                                                   \
+        unsigned char *_Tmp_VAR, *_StringStart_VAR, *_BytePtr_VAR;      \
+                                                                        \
+        _StringStart_VAR = (_StringStart);                              \
+        _BytePtr_VAR = (_BytePtr);                                      \
+        _Tmp_VAR = _BytePtr_VAR;                                        \
+        while ((_Tmp_VAR >= _StringStart_VAR) && _ISMBBLEAD(*_Tmp_VAR)) \
+        {                                                               \
+            _Tmp_VAR--;                                                 \
+        }                                                               \
+        (_Result) = ((_BytePtr_VAR - _Tmp_VAR) & 1) != 0;               \
+    }
+
+#define _LOCALE_SHORTCUT_TEST \
+    _LocUpdate.GetLocaleT()->mbcinfo->ismbcodepage == 0
+
+#define _USE_LOCALE_ARG 1
+
+/* misc */
+#define _ASSIGN_IF_NOT_NULL(_Pointer, _Value) \
+    if ((_Pointer) != NULL) \
+    { \
+        *(_Pointer) = (_Value); \
+    }
+
+#endif  /* _INC_INTERNAL_SECURECRT */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/makepath_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/makepath_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4342685b9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/makepath_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*makepath_s.c - create path name from components
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   To provide support for creation of full path names from components
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME _makepath_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _T(_Character) _Character
+
+#define _MBS_SUPPORT 0
+
+#include "tmakepath_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ca853d9269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt.c
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*   mbusafecrt.c - implementaion of support functions and data for MBUSafeCRT
+*
+
+*
+*   Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of support functions and
+*       data for MBUSafeCRT declared in mbusafecrt.h and mbusafecrt_internal.h.
+****/
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/* global data */
+tSafeCRT_AssertFuncPtr sMBUSafeCRTAssertFunc = NULL;
+
+/***
+*   MBUSafeCRTSetAssertFunc - Set the function called when an assert fails.
+****/
+
+void MBUSafeCRTSetAssertFunc( tSafeCRT_AssertFuncPtr inAssertFuncPtr )
+{
+    /* set it */
+    sMBUSafeCRTAssertFunc = inAssertFuncPtr;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _putc_nolock - putc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _putc_nolock( char inChar, miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = EOF;
+
+        inStream->_cnt -= sizeof( char );
+
+    if ( ( inStream->_cnt ) >= 0 )
+    {
+        *( inStream->_ptr ) = inChar;
+        inStream->_ptr += sizeof( char );
+        returnValue = ( int )inChar;
+    }
+
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _putwc_nolock - putwc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _putwc_nolock( wchar_t inChar, miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = WEOF;
+
+        inStream->_cnt -= sizeof( wchar_t );
+
+    if ( ( inStream->_cnt ) >= 0 )
+    {
+        *( ( wchar_t* )( inStream->_ptr ) ) = inChar;
+        inStream->_ptr += sizeof( wchar_t );
+        returnValue = ( int )inChar;
+    }
+
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _getc_nolock - getc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _getc_nolock( miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = EOF;
+
+    if ( ( inStream->_cnt ) >= ( int )( sizeof( char ) ) )
+    {
+        inStream->_cnt -= sizeof( char );
+        returnValue = ( int )( *( inStream->_ptr ) );
+        inStream->_ptr += sizeof( char );
+    }
+
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _getwc_nolock - getc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _getwc_nolock( miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = EOF;
+
+    if ( ( inStream->_cnt ) >= ( int )( sizeof( wchar_t ) ) )
+    {
+        inStream->_cnt -= sizeof( wchar_t );
+        returnValue = ( int )( *( ( wchar_t* )( inStream->_ptr ) ) );
+        inStream->_ptr += sizeof( wchar_t );
+    }
+
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _ungetc_nolock - ungetc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _ungetc_nolock( char inChar, miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = EOF;
+
+    if ( ( size_t )( ( inStream->_ptr ) - ( inStream->_base ) ) >= ( sizeof( char ) ) )
+    {
+        inStream->_cnt += sizeof( char );
+        inStream->_ptr -= sizeof( char );
+        return ( int )inChar;
+    }
+
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+/***
+*   _ungetwc_nolock - ungetwc for the miniFILE stream.
+****/
+
+int _ungetwc_nolock( wchar_t inChar, miniFILE* inStream )
+{
+    int returnValue = WEOF;
+    
+    if ( ( size_t )( ( inStream->_ptr ) - ( inStream->_base ) ) >= ( sizeof( wchar_t ) ) )
+    {
+        inStream->_cnt += sizeof( wchar_t );
+        inStream->_ptr -= sizeof( wchar_t );
+        returnValue = ( unsigned short )inChar;
+    }
+    
+    return returnValue;
+}
+
+
+/***
+*   _safecrt_cfltcvt - convert a float to an ascii string.
+*       Uses sprintf - this usage is OK.
+****/
+
+/* routine used for floating-point output */
+#define FORMATSIZE 30
+
+#define _snprintf   snprintf
+
+// taken from output.inl
+#define FL_ALTERNATE  0x00080   /* alternate form requested */
+
+errno_t _safecrt_cfltcvt(double *arg, char *buffer, size_t sizeInBytes, int type, int precision, int flags)
+{
+    char format[FORMATSIZE];
+    size_t formatlen = 0;
+    int retvalue;
+
+    if (flags & 1)
+    {
+        type -= 'a' - 'A';
+    }
+    formatlen = 0;
+    format[formatlen++] = '%';
+    if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE)
+    {
+        format[formatlen++] = '#';
+    }
+    format[formatlen++] = '.';
+    _itoa_s(precision, format + formatlen, FORMATSIZE - formatlen, 10);
+    formatlen = strlen(format);
+    format[formatlen++] = (char)type;
+    format[formatlen] = 0;
+
+    buffer[sizeInBytes - 1] = 0;
+    retvalue = _snprintf(buffer, sizeInBytes, format, *arg);
+    if (buffer[sizeInBytes - 1] != 0 || retvalue <= 0)
+    {
+        buffer[0] = 0;
+        return EINVAL;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/***
+*   _safecrt_fassign - convert a string into a float or double.
+****/
+
+void _safecrt_fassign(int flag, void* argument, char* number )
+{
+    if ( flag != 0 )    // double
+    {
+        double dblValue = 0.0;
+        (void)sscanf( number, "%lf", &dblValue );
+        *( ( double* )argument ) = dblValue;
+    }
+    else                // float
+    {
+        float fltValue = 0.0;
+        (void)sscanf( number, "%f", &fltValue );
+        *( ( float* )argument ) = fltValue;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/***
+*   _safecrt_wfassign - convert a wchar_t string into a float or double.
+****/
+
+void _safecrt_wfassign(int flag, void* argument, wchar_t* number )
+{
+    // We cannot use system functions for this - they
+    // assume that wchar_t is four bytes, while we assume
+    // two. So, we need to convert to a regular char string
+    // without using any system functions. To do this,
+    // we'll assume that the numbers are in the 0-9 range and
+    // do a simple conversion.
+    
+    char* numberAsChars = ( char* )number;
+    int position = 0;
+    
+    // do the convert
+    while ( number[ position ] != 0 )
+    {
+        numberAsChars[ position ] = ( char )( number[ position ] & 0x00FF );
+        position++;
+    }
+    numberAsChars[ position ] = ( char )( number[ position ] & 0x00FF );
+    
+    // call the normal char version
+    _safecrt_fassign( flag, argument, numberAsChars );
+}
+
+
+/***
+*   _minimal_chartowchar - do a simple char to wchar conversion.
+****/
+
+int _minimal_chartowchar( wchar_t* outWChar, const char* inChar )
+{
+    *outWChar = ( wchar_t )( ( unsigned short )( ( unsigned char )( *inChar ) ) );
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt_internal.h b/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9a3aa1ca90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/mbusafecrt_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*   mbusafecrt_internal.h - internal declarations for SafeCRT functions
+*
+
+*
+*   Purpose:
+*       This file contains the internal declarations SafeCRT
+*       functions ported to MacOS. These are the safe versions of
+*       functions standard functions banned by SWI
+****/
+
+/* shields! */
+
+#ifndef MBUSAFECRT_INTERNAL_H
+#define MBUSAFECRT_INTERNAL_H
+
+#include "pal_char16.h"
+#include "pal_mstypes.h"
+
+typedef __builtin_va_list va_list;
+
+// The ifdef below are to accommodate Unix build
+// that complains about them being declared in stdarg.h already.
+#ifndef va_start
+#define va_start __builtin_va_start
+#endif
+#ifndef va_end
+#define va_end __builtin_va_end
+#endif
+
+#include "mbusafecrt.h"
+
+#ifdef EOF
+#undef EOF
+#endif
+#define EOF -1
+
+#ifdef WEOF
+#undef WEOF
+#endif
+#define WEOF -1
+
+#define CASSERT(p) extern int sanity_check_dummy[1+((!(p))*(-2))];
+
+extern tSafeCRT_AssertFuncPtr sMBUSafeCRTAssertFunc;
+
+typedef struct miniFILE_struct
+{
+    char* _ptr;
+    int _cnt;
+    char* _base;
+    int _flag;
+} miniFILE;
+
+#define _IOSTRG 1
+#define _IOWRT 2
+#define _IOREAD 4
+#define _IOMYBUF 8
+
+int _putc_nolock( char inChar, miniFILE* inStream );
+int _putwc_nolock( wchar_t inChar, miniFILE* inStream );
+int _getc_nolock( miniFILE* inStream );
+int _getwc_nolock( miniFILE* inStream );
+int _ungetc_nolock( char inChar, miniFILE* inStream );
+int _ungetwc_nolock( wchar_t inChar, miniFILE* inStream );
+
+errno_t _safecrt_cfltcvt(double *arg, char *buffer, size_t sizeInBytes, int type, int precision, int flags);
+
+void _safecrt_fassign(int flag, void* argument, char * number );
+void _safecrt_wfassign(int flag, void* argument, wchar_t * number );
+
+int _minimal_chartowchar( wchar_t* outWChar, const char* inChar );
+
+int _output_s( miniFILE* outfile, const char* _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int _woutput_s( miniFILE* outfile, const wchar_t* _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+int _output( miniFILE *outfile, const char* _Format, va_list _ArgList);
+
+int _soutput_s( char *_Dst, size_t _Size, const char *_Format, va_list _ArgList );
+int _swoutput_s( wchar_t *_Dst, size_t _Size, const wchar_t *_Format, va_list _ArgList );
+
+int __tinput_s( miniFILE* inFile, const unsigned char * inFormat, va_list inArgList );
+int __twinput_s( miniFILE* inFile, const wchar_t * inFormat, va_list inArgList );
+
+#endif  /* MBUSAFECRT_INTERNAL_H */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/memcpy_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/memcpy_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..27aeb79665
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/memcpy_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*memcpy_s.c - contains memcpy_s routine
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       memcpy_s() copies a source memory buffer to a destination buffer.
+*       Overlapping buffers are not treated specially, so propagation may occur.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       10-07-03  AC    Module created.
+*       03-10-04  AC    Return ERANGE when buffer is too small
+*       01-14-05  AC    Prefast (espx) fixes
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <assert.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/***
+*memcpy_s - Copy source buffer to destination buffer
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       memcpy_s() copies a source memory buffer to a destination memory buffer.
+*       This routine does NOT recognize overlapping buffers, and thus can lead
+*       to propagation.
+*
+*       For cases where propagation must be avoided, memmove_s() must be used.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       void *dst = pointer to destination buffer
+*       size_t sizeInBytes = size in bytes of the destination buffer
+*       const void *src = pointer to source buffer
+*       size_t count = number of bytes to copy
+*
+*Exit:
+*       Returns 0 if everything is ok, else return the error code.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*       Input parameters are validated. Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*       On error, the error code is returned and the destination buffer is zeroed.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+errno_t __cdecl memcpy_s(
+    void * dst,
+    size_t sizeInBytes,
+    const void * src,
+    size_t count
+)
+{
+    if (count == 0)
+    {
+        /* nothing to do */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(dst != NULL, EINVAL);
+    if (src == NULL || sizeInBytes < count)
+    {
+        /* zeroes the destination buffer */
+        memset(dst, 0, sizeInBytes);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(src != NULL, EINVAL);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInBytes >= count, ERANGE);
+        /* useless, but prefast is confused */
+        return EINVAL;
+    }
+
+    UINT_PTR x = (UINT_PTR)dst, y = (UINT_PTR)src;
+    assert((x + count <= y) || (y + count <= x));
+    memcpy(dst, src, count);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/memmove_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/memmove_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a0ae5f7ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/memmove_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*memmove_s.c - contains memmove_s routine
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       memmove_s() copies a source memory buffer to a destination buffer.
+*       Overlapping buffers are treated specially, to avoid propagation.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       10-07-03   AC   Module created.
+*       03-10-04  AC    Return ERANGE when buffer is too small
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/***
+*memmove - Copy source buffer to destination buffer
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       memmove() copies a source memory buffer to a destination memory buffer.
+*       This routine recognize overlapping buffers to avoid propagation.
+*
+*       For cases where propagation is not a problem, memcpy_s() can be used.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       void *dst = pointer to destination buffer
+*       size_t sizeInBytes = size in bytes of the destination buffer
+*       const void *src = pointer to source buffer
+*       size_t count = number of bytes to copy
+*
+*Exit:
+*       Returns 0 if everything is ok, else return the error code.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*       Input parameters are validated. Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*       On error, the error code is returned. Nothing is written to the destination buffer.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+errno_t __cdecl memmove_s(
+    void * dst,
+    size_t sizeInBytes,
+    const void * src,
+    size_t count
+)
+{
+    if (count == 0)
+    {
+        /* nothing to do */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(dst != NULL, EINVAL);
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(src != NULL, EINVAL);
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInBytes >= count, ERANGE);
+
+    memmove(dst, src, count);
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/output.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/output.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ae0692efc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/output.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,1624 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*output.c - printf style output to a FILE
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the code that does all the work for the
+*       printf family of functions.  It should not be called directly, only
+*       by the *printf functions.  We don't make any assumtions about the
+*       sizes of ints, longs, shorts, or long doubles, but if types do overlap,
+*       we also try to be efficient.  We do assume that pointers are the same
+*       size as either ints or longs.
+*       If CPRFLAG is defined, defines _cprintf instead.
+*       **** DOESN'T CURRENTLY DO MTHREAD LOCKING ****
+*
+*Note:
+*       this file is included in safecrt.lib build directly, plese refer
+*       to safecrt_[w]output_s.c
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+
+//typedef __int64_t __int64;
+
+
+#define FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+
+typedef double  _CRT_DOUBLE;
+
+//typedef int* intptr_t;
+
+/*
+Buffer size required to be passed to _gcvt, fcvt and other fp conversion routines
+*/
+#define _CVTBUFSIZE (309+40) /* # of digits in max. dp value + slop */
+
+/* temporary work-around for compiler without 64-bit support */
+#ifndef _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS
+#define _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS  64
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS */
+
+//#include <mtdll.h>
+//#include <cruntime.h>
+//#include <limits.h>
+//#include <string.h>
+//#include <stddef.h>
+//#include <crtdefs.h>
+//#include <stdio.h>
+//#include <stdarg.h>
+//#include <cvt.h>
+//#include <conio.h>
+//#include <internal.h>
+//#include <fltintrn.h>
+//#include <stdlib.h>
+//#include <ctype.h>
+//#include <dbgint.h>
+//#include <setlocal.h>
+
+#define _MBTOWC(x,y,z) _minimal_chartowchar( x, y )
+
+#ifndef _WCTOMB_S
+#define _WCTOMB_S wctomb_s
+#endif  /* _WCTOMB_S */
+
+#undef _malloc_crt
+#define _malloc_crt malloc
+
+#undef _free_crt
+#define _free_crt free
+
+/* Wrapper for _output_s so that we do not expose FILE in the _output_s signature.
+ * Always ensure null-termination. Returns the number of written chars, not including the terminating null.
+ * Returns -1 if something went wrong during the formatting (in _output_s), e.g. mbcs conversions.
+ * Returns -2 if the string has been truncated.
+ * _output_s calls _invalid_parameter (and returns -1, possibly) if the format string is malformed.
+ */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+int __cdecl _soutput_s(char *_Dst, size_t _Size, const char *_Format, va_list _ArgList)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+int __cdecl _swoutput_s(wchar_t *_Dst, size_t _Size, const wchar_t *_Format, va_list _ArgList)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+{
+    miniFILE stream;
+    miniFILE *outfile = &stream;
+    int written = -1;
+
+    /* validation section */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+    if(_Size==SIZE_MAX)
+    {
+        /* user is attempting to make us unbounded, but we don't fit that much */
+        outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN(_Size <= INT_MAX, EINVAL, -1);
+        outfile->_cnt = (int)_Size;
+    }
+    outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = _Dst;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if(_Size==SIZE_MAX)
+    {
+        /* user is attempting to make us unbounded, but we don't fit that much */
+        outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+    }
+    else if(_Size>(INT_MAX/sizeof(wchar_t)))
+    {
+        /* we can't represent the amount of output the user asked for */
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( 0 /* FALSE */, EINVAL, -1 );
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        outfile->_cnt = (int)(_Size*sizeof(wchar_t));
+    }
+    outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = (char*)_Dst;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+    outfile->_flag = _IOWRT | _IOSTRG;
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+    written = _output_s(outfile, _Format, _ArgList);
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    written = _woutput_s(outfile, _Format, _ArgList);
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+    _Dst[_Size - 1] = 0;
+    if (written < 0)
+    {
+        if (outfile->_cnt < 0)
+        {
+            /* the buffer was too small; we return -2 to indicate truncation */
+            return -2;
+        }
+        /* otherwise, something else failed: we reset the string and we return */
+        if (_Dst != NULL && _Size > 0)
+        {
+            *_Dst = 0;
+        }
+        return written;
+    }
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+    if ((_putc_nolock('\0', outfile) != EOF))
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if ((_putc_nolock('\0', outfile) != EOF) && (_putc_nolock('\0', outfile) != EOF))
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+    {
+        return written;
+    }
+    /* the last putc failed, so it means there is not enough space in the buffer */
+    return -2;
+}
+
+
+#ifndef _CFLTCVT
+#define _CFLTCVT _cfltcvt
+#endif  /* _CFLTCVT */
+
+#ifndef _CLDCVT
+#define _CLDCVT _cldcvt
+#endif  /* _CLDCVT */
+
+#ifdef _MBCS
+#undef  _MBCS
+#endif  /* _MBCS */
+//#include <tchar.h>
+
+/* this macro defines a function which is private and as fast as possible: */
+/* for example, in C 6.0, it might be static _fastcall <type> near. */
+#define LOCAL(x) static x __cdecl
+
+/* int/long/short/pointer sizes */
+
+/* the following should be set depending on the sizes of various types */
+#if __LP64__
+    #define LONG_IS_INT     0
+    CASSERT(sizeof(long) > sizeof(int));
+#else
+    #define LONG_IS_INT     1       /* 1 means long is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(long) == sizeof(int));
+#endif
+
+#define SHORT_IS_INT     0      /* 1 means short is same size as int */
+#define LONGLONG_IS_INT64 1     /* 1 means long long is same as int64 */
+#if defined (_WIN64)
+    #define PTR_IS_INT       0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(int));
+    #if __LP64__
+        #define PTR_IS_LONG      1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+        CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(long));
+    #else
+        #define PTR_IS_LONG      0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+        CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(long));
+    #endif
+    #define PTR_IS_INT64     1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int64 */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(int64_t));
+#else  /* defined (_WIN64) */
+    #define PTR_IS_INT       1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(int));
+    #define PTR_IS_LONG      1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(long));
+    #define PTR_IS_INT64     0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int64 */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(int64_t));
+#endif  /* defined (_WIN64) */
+
+/* CONSTANTS */
+
+/* size of conversion buffer (ANSI-specified minimum is 509) */
+
+#define BUFFERSIZE    512
+#define MAXPRECISION  BUFFERSIZE
+
+#if BUFFERSIZE < _CVTBUFSIZE + 6
+/*
+ * Buffer needs to be big enough for default minimum precision
+ * when converting floating point needs bigger buffer, and malloc
+ * fails
+ */
+#error Conversion buffer too small for max double.
+#endif  /* BUFFERSIZE < _CVTBUFSIZE + 6 */
+
+/* flag definitions */
+#define FL_SIGN       0x00001   /* put plus or minus in front */
+#define FL_SIGNSP     0x00002   /* put space or minus in front */
+#define FL_LEFT       0x00004   /* left justify */
+#define FL_LEADZERO   0x00008   /* pad with leading zeros */
+#define FL_LONG       0x00010   /* long value given */
+#define FL_SHORT      0x00020   /* short value given */
+#define FL_SIGNED     0x00040   /* signed data given */
+#define FL_ALTERNATE  0x00080   /* alternate form requested */
+#define FL_NEGATIVE   0x00100   /* value is negative */
+#define FL_FORCEOCTAL 0x00200   /* force leading '0' for octals */
+#define FL_LONGDOUBLE 0x00400   /* long double value given */
+#define FL_WIDECHAR   0x00800   /* wide characters */
+#define FL_LONGLONG   0x01000   /* long long value given */
+#define FL_I64        0x08000   /* __int64 value given */
+
+/* state definitions */
+enum STATE {
+    ST_NORMAL,          /* normal state; outputting literal chars */
+    ST_PERCENT,         /* just read '%' */
+    ST_FLAG,            /* just read flag character */
+    ST_WIDTH,           /* just read width specifier */
+    ST_DOT,             /* just read '.' */
+    ST_PRECIS,          /* just read precision specifier */
+    ST_SIZE,            /* just read size specifier */
+    ST_TYPE             /* just read type specifier */
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+    ,ST_INVALID           /* Invalid format */
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+};
+
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+#define NUMSTATES (ST_INVALID + 1)
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#define NUMSTATES (ST_TYPE + 1)
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+/* character type values */
+enum CHARTYPE {
+    CH_OTHER,           /* character with no special meaning */
+    CH_PERCENT,         /* '%' */
+    CH_DOT,             /* '.' */
+    CH_STAR,            /* '*' */
+    CH_ZERO,            /* '0' */
+    CH_DIGIT,           /* '1'..'9' */
+    CH_FLAG,            /* ' ', '+', '-', '#' */
+    CH_SIZE,            /* 'h', 'l', 'L', 'N', 'F', 'w' */
+    CH_TYPE             /* type specifying character */
+};
+
+/* static data (read only, since we are re-entrant) */
+//#if defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS)
+//extern const char __nullstring[];  /* string to print on null ptr */
+//extern const wchar_t __wnullstring[];  /* string to print on null ptr */
+//#else  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS) */
+static const char __nullstring[] = "(null)";  /* string to print on null ptr */
+static const wchar_t __wnullstring[] = {'(', 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l', ')', '\0'};/* string to print on null ptr */
+//#endif  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS) */
+
+/* The state table.  This table is actually two tables combined into one. */
+/* The lower nybble of each byte gives the character class of any         */
+/* character; while the uper nybble of the byte gives the next state      */
+/* to enter.  See the macros below the table for details.                 */
+/*                                                                        */
+/* The table is generated by maketabc.c -- use this program to make       */
+/* changes.                                                               */
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+
+//#if defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG)
+//extern const char __lookuptable[];
+//#else  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+extern const char __lookuptable[] = {
+ /* ' ' */  0x06,
+ /* '!' */  0x00,
+ /* '"' */  0x00,
+ /* '#' */  0x06,
+ /* '$' */  0x00,
+ /* '%' */  0x01,
+ /* '&' */  0x00,
+ /* ''' */  0x00,
+ /* '(' */  0x10,
+ /* ')' */  0x00,
+ /* '*' */  0x03,
+ /* '+' */  0x06,
+ /* ',' */  0x00,
+ /* '-' */  0x06,
+ /* '.' */  0x02,
+ /* '/' */  0x10,
+ /* '0' */  0x04,
+ /* '1' */  0x45,
+ /* '2' */  0x45,
+ /* '3' */  0x45,
+ /* '4' */  0x05,
+ /* '5' */  0x05,
+ /* '6' */  0x05,
+ /* '7' */  0x05,
+ /* '8' */  0x05,
+ /* '9' */  0x35,
+ /* ':' */  0x30,
+ /* ';' */  0x00,
+ /* '<' */  0x50,
+ /* '=' */  0x00,
+ /* '>' */  0x00,
+ /* '?' */  0x00,
+ /* '@' */  0x00,
+ /* 'A' */  0x20,       // Disable %A format
+ /* 'B' */  0x20,
+ /* 'C' */  0x38,
+ /* 'D' */  0x50,
+ /* 'E' */  0x58,
+ /* 'F' */  0x07,
+ /* 'G' */  0x08,
+ /* 'H' */  0x00,
+ /* 'I' */  0x37,
+ /* 'J' */  0x30,
+ /* 'K' */  0x30,
+ /* 'L' */  0x57,
+ /* 'M' */  0x50,
+ /* 'N' */  0x07,
+ /* 'O' */  0x00,
+ /* 'P' */  0x00,
+ /* 'Q' */  0x20,
+ /* 'R' */  0x20,
+ /* 'S' */  0x08,
+ /* 'T' */  0x00,
+ /* 'U' */  0x00,
+ /* 'V' */  0x00,
+ /* 'W' */  0x00,
+ /* 'X' */  0x08,
+ /* 'Y' */  0x60,
+ /* 'Z' */  0x68,
+ /* '[' */  0x60,
+ /* '\' */  0x60,
+ /* ']' */  0x60,
+ /* '^' */  0x60,
+ /* '_' */  0x00,
+ /* '`' */  0x00,
+ /* 'a' */  0x70,       // Disable %a format
+ /* 'b' */  0x70,
+ /* 'c' */  0x78,
+ /* 'd' */  0x78,
+ /* 'e' */  0x78,
+ /* 'f' */  0x78,
+ /* 'g' */  0x08,
+ /* 'h' */  0x07,
+ /* 'i' */  0x08,
+ /* 'j' */  0x00,
+ /* 'k' */  0x00,
+ /* 'l' */  0x07,
+ /* 'm' */  0x00,
+ /* 'n' */  0x00,       // Disable %n format
+ /* 'o' */  0x08,
+ /* 'p' */  0x08,
+ /* 'q' */  0x00,
+ /* 'r' */  0x00,
+ /* 's' */  0x08,
+ /* 't' */  0x00,
+ /* 'u' */  0x08,
+ /* 'v' */  0x00,
+ /* 'w' */  0x07,
+ /* 'x' */  0x08
+};
+
+//#endif  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+//#if defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG)
+//extern const unsigned char __lookuptable_s[];
+//#else  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+static const unsigned char __lookuptable_s[] = {
+ /* ' ' */  0x06,
+ /* '!' */  0x80,
+ /* '"' */  0x80,
+ /* '#' */  0x86,
+ /* '$' */  0x80,
+ /* '%' */  0x81,
+ /* '&' */  0x80,
+ /* ''' */  0x00,
+ /* '(' */  0x00,
+ /* ')' */  0x10,
+ /* '*' */  0x03,
+ /* '+' */  0x86,
+ /* ',' */  0x80,
+ /* '-' */  0x86,
+ /* '.' */  0x82,
+ /* '/' */  0x80,
+ /* '0' */  0x14,
+ /* '1' */  0x05,
+ /* '2' */  0x05,
+ /* '3' */  0x45,
+ /* '4' */  0x45,
+ /* '5' */  0x45,
+ /* '6' */  0x85,
+ /* '7' */  0x85,
+ /* '8' */  0x85,
+ /* '9' */  0x05,
+ /* ':' */  0x00,
+ /* ';' */  0x00,
+ /* '<' */  0x30,
+ /* '=' */  0x30,
+ /* '>' */  0x80,
+ /* '?' */  0x50,
+ /* '@' */  0x80,
+ /* 'A' */  0x80,       // Disable %A format
+ /* 'B' */  0x00,
+ /* 'C' */  0x08,
+ /* 'D' */  0x00,
+ /* 'E' */  0x28,
+ /* 'F' */  0x27,
+ /* 'G' */  0x38,
+ /* 'H' */  0x50,
+ /* 'I' */  0x57,
+ /* 'J' */  0x80,
+ /* 'K' */  0x00,
+ /* 'L' */  0x07,
+ /* 'M' */  0x00,
+ /* 'N' */  0x37,
+ /* 'O' */  0x30,
+ /* 'P' */  0x30,
+ /* 'Q' */  0x50,
+ /* 'R' */  0x50,
+ /* 'S' */  0x88,
+ /* 'T' */  0x00,
+ /* 'U' */  0x00,
+ /* 'V' */  0x00,
+ /* 'W' */  0x20,
+ /* 'X' */  0x28,
+ /* 'Y' */  0x80,
+ /* 'Z' */  0x88,
+ /* '[' */  0x80,
+ /* '\' */  0x80,
+ /* ']' */  0x00,
+ /* '^' */  0x00,
+ /* '_' */  0x00,
+ /* '`' */  0x60,
+ /* 'a' */  0x60,       // Disable %a format
+ /* 'b' */  0x60,
+ /* 'c' */  0x68,
+ /* 'd' */  0x68,
+ /* 'e' */  0x68,
+ /* 'f' */  0x08,
+ /* 'g' */  0x08,
+ /* 'h' */  0x07,
+ /* 'i' */  0x78,
+ /* 'j' */  0x70,
+ /* 'k' */  0x70,
+ /* 'l' */  0x77,
+ /* 'm' */  0x70,
+ /* 'n' */  0x70,
+ /* 'o' */  0x08,
+ /* 'p' */  0x08,
+ /* 'q' */  0x00,
+ /* 'r' */  0x00,
+ /* 's' */  0x08,
+ /* 't' */  0x00,
+ /* 'u' */  0x08,
+ /* 'v' */  0x00,
+ /* 'w' */  0x07,
+ /* 'x' */  0x08
+};
+//#endif  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+#define FIND_CHAR_CLASS(lookuptbl, c)      \
+        ((c) < _T(' ') || (c) > _T('x') ? \
+            CH_OTHER            \
+            :               \
+        (enum CHARTYPE)(lookuptbl[(c)-_T(' ')] & 0xF))
+
+#define FIND_NEXT_STATE(lookuptbl, class, state)   \
+        (enum STATE)(lookuptbl[(class) * NUMSTATES + (state)] >> 4)
+
+/*
+ * Note: CPRFLAG and _UNICODE cases are currently mutually exclusive.
+ */
+
+/* prototypes */
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+#define WRITE_CHAR(ch, pnw)         write_char(ch, pnw)
+#define WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(ch, num, pnw)  write_multi_char(ch, num, pnw)
+#define WRITE_STRING(s, len, pnw)   write_string(s, len, pnw)
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char(_TCHAR ch, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char(_TCHAR ch, int num, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_string(const _TCHAR *string, int len, int *numwritten);
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#define WRITE_CHAR(ch, pnw)         write_char(ch, stream, pnw)
+#define WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(ch, num, pnw)  write_multi_char(ch, num, stream, pnw)
+#define WRITE_STRING(s, len, pnw)   write_string(s, len, stream, pnw)
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char(_TCHAR ch, miniFILE *f, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char(_TCHAR ch, int num, miniFILE *f, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_string(const _TCHAR *string, int len, miniFILE *f, int *numwritten);
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#define get_int_arg(list)           va_arg(*list, int)
+#define get_long_arg(list)          va_arg(*list, long)
+#define get_long_long_arg(list)     va_arg(*list, long long)
+#define get_int64_arg(list)         va_arg(*list, __int64)
+#define get_crtdouble_arg(list)     va_arg(*list, _CRT_DOUBLE)
+#define get_ptr_arg(list)           va_arg(*list, void *)
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+LOCAL(int) output(const _TCHAR *, _locale_t , va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_p_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+
+
+/***
+*int _cprintf(format, arglist) - write formatted output directly to console
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes formatted data like printf, but uses console I/O functions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   char *format - format string to determine data formats
+*   arglist - list of POINTERS to where to put data
+*
+*Exit:
+*   returns number of characters written
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_l (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        _locale_t plocinfo,
+        ...
+        )
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_s_l (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        _locale_t plocinfo,
+        ...
+        )
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, plocinfo);
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        ret = _vtcprintf_l(format, plocinfo, arglist);
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        ret = _vtcprintf_s_l(format, plocinfo, arglist);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        va_end(arglist);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        ...
+        )
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_s (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        ...
+        )
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        ret = _vtcprintf_l(format, NULL, arglist);
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        ret = _vtcprintf_s_l(format, NULL, arglist);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        va_end(arglist);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+
+/***
+*int _output(stream, format, argptr), static int output(format, argptr)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Output performs printf style output onto a stream.  It is called by
+*   printf/fprintf/sprintf/vprintf/vfprintf/vsprintf to so the dirty
+*   work.  In multi-thread situations, _output assumes that the given
+*   stream is already locked.
+*
+*   Algorithm:
+*       The format string is parsed by using a finite state automaton
+*       based on the current state and the current character read from
+*       the format string.  Thus, looping is on a per-character basis,
+*       not a per conversion specifier basis.  Once the format specififying
+*       character is read, output is performed.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   FILE *stream   - stream for output
+*   char *format   - printf style format string
+*   va_list argptr - pointer to list of subsidiary arguments
+*
+*Exit:
+*   Returns the number of characters written, or -1 if an output error
+*   occurs.
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*   The wide-character flavour returns the number of wide-characters written.
+*endif
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf (
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    return _vtcprintf_l(format, NULL, argptr);
+}
+
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s (
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    return _vtcprintf_s_l(format, NULL, argptr);
+}
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_l (
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s_l (
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+int __cdecl _woutput (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+int __cdecl _woutput_s (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+int __cdecl _output (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+    int __cdecl _output_s (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    int hexadd=0;     /* offset to add to number to get 'a'..'f' */
+    TCHAR ch;       /* character just read */
+    int flags=0;      /* flag word -- see #defines above for flag values */
+    enum STATE state;   /* current state */
+    enum CHARTYPE chclass; /* class of current character */
+    int radix;      /* current conversion radix */
+    int charsout;   /* characters currently written so far, -1 = IO error */
+    int fldwidth = 0;   /* selected field width -- 0 means default */
+    int precision = 0;  /* selected precision  -- -1 means default */
+    TCHAR prefix[2];    /* numeric prefix -- up to two characters */
+    int prefixlen=0;  /* length of prefix -- 0 means no prefix */
+    int capexp = 0;     /* non-zero = 'E' exponent signifient, zero = 'e' */
+    int no_output=0;  /* non-zero = prodcue no output for this specifier */
+    union {
+        const char *sz;   /* pointer text to be printed, not zero terminated */
+        const wchar_t *wz;
+        } text;
+
+    int textlen;    /* length of the text in bytes/wchars to be printed.
+                       textlen is in multibyte or wide chars if _UNICODE */
+    union {
+        char sz[BUFFERSIZE];
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+        wchar_t wz[BUFFERSIZE];
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        } buffer;
+    wchar_t wchar;                      /* temp wchar_t */
+    int buffersize;                     /* size of text.sz (used only for the call to _cfltcvt) */
+    int bufferiswide=0;         /* non-zero = buffer contains wide chars already */
+
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (stream != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+    charsout = 0;       /* no characters written yet */
+    textlen = 0;        /* no text yet */
+    state = ST_NORMAL;  /* starting state */
+    buffersize = 0;
+
+    /* main loop -- loop while format character exist and no I/O errors */
+    while ((ch = *format++) != _T('\0') && charsout >= 0) {
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        chclass = FIND_CHAR_CLASS(__lookuptable, ch);  /* find character class */
+        state = FIND_NEXT_STATE(__lookuptable, chclass, state); /* find next state */
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        chclass = FIND_CHAR_CLASS(__lookuptable_s, ch);  /* find character class */
+        state = FIND_NEXT_STATE(__lookuptable_s, chclass, state); /* find next state */
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN((state != ST_INVALID), EINVAL, -1);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        /* execute code for each state */
+        switch (state) {
+
+        case ST_NORMAL:
+
+        NORMAL_STATE:
+
+            /* normal state -- just write character */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+            bufferiswide = 1;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+            bufferiswide = 0;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            WRITE_CHAR(ch, &charsout);
+            break;
+
+        case ST_PERCENT:
+            /* set default value of conversion parameters */
+            prefixlen = fldwidth = no_output = capexp = 0;
+            flags = 0;
+            precision = -1;
+            bufferiswide = 0;   /* default */
+            break;
+
+        case ST_FLAG:
+            /* set flag based on which flag character */
+            switch (ch) {
+            case _T('-'):
+                flags |= FL_LEFT;   /* '-' => left justify */
+                break;
+            case _T('+'):
+                flags |= FL_SIGN;   /* '+' => force sign indicator */
+                break;
+            case _T(' '):
+                flags |= FL_SIGNSP; /* ' ' => force sign or space */
+                break;
+            case _T('#'):
+                flags |= FL_ALTERNATE;  /* '#' => alternate form */
+                break;
+            case _T('0'):
+                flags |= FL_LEADZERO;   /* '0' => pad with leading zeros */
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_WIDTH:
+            /* update width value */
+            if (ch == _T('*')) {
+                /* get width from arg list */
+                fldwidth = get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (fldwidth < 0) {
+                    /* ANSI says neg fld width means '-' flag and pos width */
+                    flags |= FL_LEFT;
+                    fldwidth = -fldwidth;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                /* add digit to current field width */
+                fldwidth = fldwidth * 10 + (ch - _T('0'));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_DOT:
+            /* zero the precision, since dot with no number means 0
+               not default, according to ANSI */
+            precision = 0;
+            break;
+
+        case ST_PRECIS:
+            /* update precison value */
+            if (ch == _T('*')) {
+                /* get precision from arg list */
+                precision = get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = -1; /* neg precision means default */
+            }
+            else {
+                /* add digit to current precision */
+                precision = precision * 10 + (ch - _T('0'));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_SIZE:
+            /* just read a size specifier, set the flags based on it */
+            switch (ch) {
+            case _T('l'):
+                /*
+                 * In order to handle the ll case, we depart from the
+                 * simple deterministic state machine.
+                 */
+                if (*format == _T('l'))
+                {
+                    ++format;
+                    flags |= FL_LONGLONG;   /* 'll' => long long */
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    flags |= FL_LONG;   /* 'l' => long int or wchar_t */
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case _T('I'):
+                /*
+                 * In order to handle the I, I32, and I64 size modifiers, we
+                 * depart from the simple deterministic state machine. The
+                 * code below scans for characters following the 'I',
+                 * and defaults to 64 bit on WIN64 and 32 bit on WIN32
+                 */
+#if PTR_IS_INT64
+                flags |= FL_I64;    /* 'I' => __int64 on WIN64 systems */
+#endif  /* PTR_IS_INT64 */
+                if ( (*format == _T('6')) && (*(format + 1) == _T('4')) )
+                {
+                    format += 2;
+                    flags |= FL_I64;    /* I64 => __int64 */
+                }
+                else if ( (*format == _T('3')) && (*(format + 1) == _T('2')) )
+                {
+                    format += 2;
+                    flags &= ~FL_I64;   /* I32 => __int32 */
+                }
+                else if ( (*format == _T('d')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('i')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('o')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('u')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('x')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('X')) )
+                {
+                   /*
+                    * Nothing further needed.  %Id (et al) is
+                    * handled just like %d, except that it defaults to 64 bits
+                    * on WIN64.  Fall through to the next iteration.
+                    */
+                }
+                else {
+                    state = ST_NORMAL;
+                    goto NORMAL_STATE;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case _T('h'):
+                flags |= FL_SHORT;  /* 'h' => short int or char */
+                break;
+
+            case _T('w'):
+                flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;  /* 'w' => wide character */
+                break;
+
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_TYPE:
+            /* we have finally read the actual type character, so we       */
+            /* now format and "print" the output.  We use a big switch     */
+            /* statement that sets 'text' to point to the text that should */
+            /* be printed, and 'textlen' to the length of this text.       */
+            /* Common code later on takes care of justifying it and        */
+            /* other miscellaneous chores.  Note that cases share code,    */
+            /* in particular, all integer formatting is done in one place. */
+            /* Look at those funky goto statements!                        */
+
+            switch (ch) {
+
+            case _T('C'):   /* ISO wide character */
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                    flags |= FL_SHORT;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                    flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;   /* ISO std. */
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+                /* fall into 'c' case */
+
+            case _T('c'): {
+                /* print a single character specified by int argument */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                bufferiswide = 1;
+                wchar = (wchar_t) get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    /* format multibyte character */
+                    /* this is an extension of ANSI */
+                    char tempchar[2];
+                    {
+                        tempchar[0] = (char)(wchar & 0x00ff);
+                        tempchar[1] = '\0';
+                    }
+
+                    if (_MBTOWC(buffer.wz,tempchar, MB_CUR_MAX) < 0)
+                    {
+                        /* ignore if conversion was unsuccessful */
+                        no_output = 1;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    buffer.wz[0] = wchar;
+                }
+                text.wz = buffer.wz;
+                textlen = 1;    /* print just a single character */
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (flags & (FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)) {
+                    wchar = (wchar_t) get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                    no_output = 1;
+                } else {
+                    /* format multibyte character */
+                    /* this is an extension of ANSI */
+                    unsigned short temp;
+                    wchar = (wchar_t)get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                    temp = (unsigned short)wchar;
+                    {
+                        buffer.sz[0] = (char) temp;
+                        textlen = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                text.sz = buffer.sz;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('Z'): {
+                /* print a Counted String */
+                struct _count_string {
+                    short Length;
+                    short MaximumLength;
+                    char *Buffer;
+                } *pstr;
+
+                pstr = (struct _count_string *)get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+                if (pstr == NULL || pstr->Buffer == NULL) {
+                    /* null ptr passed, use special string */
+                    text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    textlen = (int)strlen(text.sz);
+                } else {
+                    if (flags & FL_WIDECHAR) {
+                        text.wz = (wchar_t *)pstr->Buffer;
+                        textlen = pstr->Length / (int)sizeof(wchar_t);
+                        bufferiswide = 1;
+                    } else {
+                        bufferiswide = 0;
+                        text.sz = pstr->Buffer;
+                        textlen = pstr->Length;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('S'):   /* ISO wide character string */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+                    flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+                    flags |= FL_SHORT;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+            case _T('s'): {
+                /* print a string --                            */
+                /* ANSI rules on how much of string to print:   */
+                /*   all if precision is default,               */
+                /*   min(precision, length) if precision given. */
+                /* prints '(null)' if a null string is passed   */
+
+                int i;
+                const char *p;       /* temps */
+                const wchar_t *pwch;
+
+                /* At this point it is tempting to use strlen(), but */
+                /* if a precision is specified, we're not allowed to */
+                /* scan past there, because there might be no null   */
+                /* at all.  Thus, we must do our own scan.           */
+
+                i = (precision == -1) ? INT_MAX : precision;
+                text.sz = (char *)get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+
+                /* scan for null upto i characters */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    if (text.sz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    for (textlen=0; textlen<i && *p; textlen++) {
+                        ++p;
+                    }
+                    /* textlen now contains length in multibyte chars */
+                } else {
+                    if (text.wz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.wz = __wnullstring;
+                    bufferiswide = 1;
+                    pwch = text.wz;
+                    while (i-- && *pwch)
+                        ++pwch;
+                    textlen = (int)(pwch - text.wz);       /* in wchar_ts */
+                    /* textlen now contains length in wide chars */
+                }
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (flags & (FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)) {
+                    if (text.wz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.wz = __wnullstring;
+                    bufferiswide = 1;
+                    pwch = text.wz;
+                    while ( i-- && *pwch )
+                        ++pwch;
+                    textlen = (int)(pwch - text.wz);
+                    /* textlen now contains length in wide chars */
+                } else {
+                    if (text.sz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    while (i-- && *p)
+                        ++p;
+                    textlen = (int)(p - text.sz);    /* length of the string */
+                }
+
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            }
+            break;
+
+
+            case _T('n'): {
+                /* write count of characters seen so far into */
+                /* short/int/long thru ptr read from args */
+
+                void *p;        /* temp */
+
+                p = get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+
+                /* %n is disabled */
+                _VALIDATE_RETURN(("'n' format specifier disabled" && 0), EINVAL, -1);
+                break;
+
+                /* store chars out into short/long/int depending on flags */
+#if !LONG_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                    *(long *)p = charsout;
+                else
+#endif  /* !LONG_IS_INT */
+
+#if !SHORT_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT)
+                    *(short *)p = (short) charsout;
+                else
+#endif  /* !SHORT_IS_INT */
+                    *(int *)p = charsout;
+
+                no_output = 1;              /* force no output */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('E'):
+            case _T('G'):
+            case _T('A'):
+                capexp = 1;                 /* capitalize exponent */
+                ch += _T('a') - _T('A');    /* convert format char to lower */
+                /* DROP THROUGH */
+            case _T('e'):
+            case _T('f'):
+            case _T('g'):
+            case _T('a'): {
+                /* floating point conversion -- we call cfltcvt routines */
+                /* to do the work for us.                                */
+                flags |= FL_SIGNED;         /* floating point is signed conversion */
+                text.sz = buffer.sz;        /* put result in buffer */
+                buffersize = BUFFERSIZE;
+
+                /* compute the precision value */
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = 6;          /* default precision: 6 */
+                else if (precision == 0 && ch == _T('g'))
+                    precision = 1;          /* ANSI specified */
+                else if (precision > MAXPRECISION)
+                    precision = MAXPRECISION;
+
+                if (precision > BUFFERSIZE - _CVTBUFSIZE) {
+                        /* cap precision further */
+                        precision = BUFFERSIZE - _CVTBUFSIZE;
+                }
+
+                /* for safecrt, we pass along the FL_ALTERNATE flag to _safecrt_cfltcvt */
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE)
+                {
+                    capexp |= FL_ALTERNATE;
+                }
+
+                _CRT_DOUBLE tmp;
+                tmp=va_arg(argptr, _CRT_DOUBLE);
+                /* Note: assumes ch is in ASCII range */
+                /* In safecrt, we provide a special version of _cfltcvt which internally calls printf (see safecrt_output_s.c) */
+                _CFLTCVT(&tmp, buffer.sz, buffersize, (char)ch, precision, capexp);
+
+                /* check if result was negative, save '-' for later */
+                /* and point to positive part (this is for '0' padding) */
+                if (*text.sz == '-') {
+                    flags |= FL_NEGATIVE;
+                    ++text.sz;
+                }
+
+                textlen = (int)strlen(text.sz);     /* compute length of text */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('d'):
+            case _T('i'):
+                /* signed decimal output */
+                flags |= FL_SIGNED;
+                radix = 10;
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('u'):
+                radix = 10;
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('p'):
+                /* write a pointer -- this is like an integer or long */
+                /* except we force precision to pad with zeros and */
+                /* output in big hex. */
+
+                precision = 2 * sizeof(void *);     /* number of hex digits needed */
+#if PTR_IS_INT64
+                flags |= FL_I64;                    /* assume we're converting an int64 */
+#elif !PTR_IS_INT
+                flags |= FL_LONG;                   /* assume we're converting a long */
+#endif  /* !PTR_IS_INT */
+                /* DROP THROUGH to hex formatting */
+
+            case _T('X'):
+                /* unsigned upper hex output */
+                hexadd = _T('A') - _T('9') - 1;     /* set hexadd for uppercase hex */
+                goto COMMON_HEX;
+
+            case _T('x'):
+                /* unsigned lower hex output */
+                hexadd = _T('a') - _T('9') - 1;     /* set hexadd for lowercase hex */
+                /* DROP THROUGH TO COMMON_HEX */
+
+            COMMON_HEX:
+                radix = 16;
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE) {
+                    /* alternate form means '0x' prefix */
+                    prefix[0] = _T('0');
+                    prefix[1] = (TCHAR)(_T('x') - _T('a') + _T('9') + 1 + hexadd);  /* 'x' or 'X' */
+                    prefixlen = 2;
+                }
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('o'):
+                /* unsigned octal output */
+                radix = 8;
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE) {
+                    /* alternate form means force a leading 0 */
+                    flags |= FL_FORCEOCTAL;
+                }
+                /* DROP THROUGH to COMMON_INT */
+
+            COMMON_INT: {
+                /* This is the general integer formatting routine. */
+                /* Basically, we get an argument, make it positive */
+                /* if necessary, and convert it according to the */
+                /* correct radix, setting text and textlen */
+                /* appropriately. */
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+                uint64_t number;    /* number to convert */
+                int digit;              /* ascii value of digit */
+                __int64 l;              /* temp long value */
+#else  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+                unsigned long number;   /* number to convert */
+                int digit;              /* ascii value of digit */
+                long l;                 /* temp long value */
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                /* 1. read argument into l, sign extend as needed */
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+                if (flags & FL_I64)
+                    l = get_int64_arg(&argptr);
+                else
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                if (flags & FL_LONGLONG)
+                    l = get_long_long_arg(&argptr);
+
+                else
+
+#if !LONG_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                    l = get_long_arg(&argptr);
+                else
+#endif  /* !LONG_IS_INT */
+
+#if !SHORT_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    if (flags & FL_SIGNED)
+                        l = (short) get_int_arg(&argptr); /* sign extend */
+                    else
+                        l = (unsigned short) get_int_arg(&argptr);    /* zero-extend*/
+
+                } else
+#endif  /* !SHORT_IS_INT */
+                {
+                    if (flags & FL_SIGNED)
+                        l = get_int_arg(&argptr); /* sign extend */
+                    else
+                        l = (unsigned int) get_int_arg(&argptr);    /* zero-extend*/
+                }
+
+                /* 2. check for negative; copy into number */
+                if ( (flags & FL_SIGNED) && l < 0) {
+                    number = -l;
+                    flags |= FL_NEGATIVE;   /* remember negative sign */
+                } else {
+                    number = l;
+                }
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+                if ( (flags & FL_I64) == 0 && (flags & FL_LONGLONG) == 0 ) {
+                    /*
+                     * Unless printing a full 64-bit value, insure values
+                     * here are not in cananical longword format to prevent
+                     * the sign extended upper 32-bits from being printed.
+                     */
+                    number &= 0xffffffff;
+                }
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                /* 3. check precision value for default; non-default */
+                /*    turns off 0 flag, according to ANSI. */
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = 1;  /* default precision */
+                else {
+                    flags &= ~FL_LEADZERO;
+                    if (precision > MAXPRECISION)
+                        precision = MAXPRECISION;
+                }
+
+                /* 4. Check if data is 0; if so, turn off hex prefix */
+                if (number == 0)
+                    prefixlen = 0;
+
+                /* 5. Convert data to ASCII -- note if precision is zero */
+                /*    and number is zero, we get no digits at all.       */
+
+                char *sz;
+                sz = &buffer.sz[BUFFERSIZE-1];    /* last digit at end of buffer */
+
+                while (precision-- > 0 || number != 0) {
+                    digit = (int)(number % radix) + '0';
+                    number /= radix;                /* reduce number */
+                    if (digit > '9') {
+                        /* a hex digit, make it a letter */
+                        digit += hexadd;
+                    }
+                    *sz-- = (char)digit;       /* store the digit */
+                }
+
+                textlen = (int)((char *)&buffer.sz[BUFFERSIZE-1] - sz); /* compute length of number */
+                ++sz;          /* text points to first digit now */
+
+
+                /* 6. Force a leading zero if FORCEOCTAL flag set */
+                if ((flags & FL_FORCEOCTAL) && (textlen == 0 || sz[0] != '0')) {
+                    *--sz = '0';
+                    ++textlen;      /* add a zero */
+                }
+                
+                text.sz = sz;
+            }
+            break;
+            }
+
+
+            /* At this point, we have done the specific conversion, and */
+            /* 'text' points to text to print; 'textlen' is length.  Now we */
+            /* justify it, put on prefixes, leading zeros, and then */
+            /* print it. */
+
+            if (!no_output) {
+                int padding;    /* amount of padding, negative means zero */
+
+                if (flags & FL_SIGNED) {
+                    if (flags & FL_NEGATIVE) {
+                        /* prefix is a '-' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T('-');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & FL_SIGN) {
+                        /* prefix is '+' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T('+');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & FL_SIGNSP) {
+                        /* prefix is ' ' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T(' ');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* calculate amount of padding -- might be negative, */
+                /* but this will just mean zero */
+                padding = fldwidth - textlen - prefixlen;
+
+                /* put out the padding, prefix, and text, in the correct order */
+
+                if (!(flags & (FL_LEFT | FL_LEADZERO))) {
+                    /* pad on left with blanks */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T(' '), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* write prefix */
+                WRITE_STRING(prefix, prefixlen, &charsout);
+
+                if ((flags & FL_LEADZERO) && !(flags & FL_LEFT)) {
+                    /* write leading zeros */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T('0'), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* write text */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                if (bufferiswide && (textlen > 0)) {
+                    charsout = -1;
+                } else {
+                    WRITE_STRING(text.sz, textlen, &charsout);
+                }
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (!bufferiswide && textlen > 0) {
+                    const char *p;
+                    int retval = 0;
+                    int count;
+
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    count = textlen;
+                    while (count-- > 0) {
+                        retval = _MBTOWC(&wchar, p, MB_CUR_MAX);
+                        if (retval <= 0) {
+                            charsout = -1;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        WRITE_CHAR(wchar, &charsout);
+                        p += retval;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    WRITE_STRING(text.wz, textlen, &charsout);
+                }
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+                if (charsout >= 0 && (flags & FL_LEFT)) {
+                    /* pad on right with blanks */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T(' '), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* we're done! */
+            }
+            break;
+        case ST_INVALID:
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN(0 /* FALSE */, EINVAL, -1);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+    /* The format string shouldn't be incomplete - i.e. when we are finished
+        with the format string, the last thing we should have encountered
+        should have been a regular char to be output or a type specifier. Else
+        the format string was incomplete */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(((state == ST_NORMAL) || (state == ST_TYPE)), EINVAL, -1);
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+    return charsout;        /* return value = number of characters written */
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Future Optimizations for swprintf:
+ *  - Don't free the memory used for converting the buffer to wide chars.
+ *    Use realloc if the memory is not sufficient.  Free it at the end.
+ */
+
+/***
+*void write_char(char ch, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_char(wchar_t ch, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*void write_char(char ch, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes a single character to the given file/console.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR ch        - character to write
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+    if (_putwch_nolock(ch) == WEOF)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if (_putch_nolock(ch) == EOF)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        *pnumwritten = -1;
+    else
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    if ( (f->_flag & _IOSTRG) && f->_base == NULL)
+    {
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+        return;
+    }
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+    if (_putwc_nolock(ch, f) == WEOF)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if (_putc_nolock(ch, f) == EOF)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        *pnumwritten = -1;
+    else
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+/***
+*void write_multi_char(char ch, int num, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_multi_char(wchar_t ch, int num, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*void write_multi_char(char ch, int num, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes num copies of a character to the given file/console.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented by num; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.  If num is negative, it is treated as zero.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR ch        - character to write
+*   int num          - number of times to write the characters
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int num,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (num-- > 0) {
+        write_char(ch, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int num,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (num-- > 0) {
+        write_char(ch, f, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+/***
+*void write_string(const char *string, int len, int *pnumwritten)
+*void write_string(const char *string, int len, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_string(const wchar_t *string, int len, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes a string of the given length to the given file.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented by len; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.  If len is negative, it is treated as zero.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR *string   - string to write (NOT null-terminated)
+*   int len          - length of string
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+LOCAL(void) write_string (
+    const _TCHAR *string,
+    int len,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+        write_char(*string++, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EILSEQ)
+                write_char(_T('?'), pnumwritten);
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_string (
+    const _TCHAR *string,
+    int len,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    if ( (f->_flag & _IOSTRG) && f->_base == NULL)
+    {
+        (*pnumwritten) += len;
+        return;
+    }
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+        write_char(*string++, f, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EILSEQ)
+                write_char(_T('?'), f, pnumwritten);
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_input_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_input_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6ba607c669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_input_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*safecrt_input_s.c - implementation of the _input family for safecrt.lib
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of the _input family for safecrt.lib.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       07/19/04  AC    Created
+*
+****/
+
+#define _SAFECRT_IMPL
+#define _SECURE_SCANF
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _TCHAR CRT_TCHAR
+#define TCHAR CRTTCHAR
+
+typedef char            _TCHAR;
+typedef char            TCHAR;
+typedef unsigned char   _TUCHAR;
+#define _T(x)       x
+#define _TEOF       EOF
+
+#define _gettc_nolock(x)        _getc_nolock(x)
+#define _ungettc_nolock(x,y)    _ungetc_nolock(x,y)
+
+#include "input.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_l.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_l.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d6844f4f8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_l.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1467 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*safecrt_output_l.c - implementation of the _output family for safercrt.lib
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of the _output family for safercrt.lib.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       07-08-04   SJ   Stub module created.
+*       07-13-04   AC   Added support for floating-point types.
+*       07-29-04   AC   Added macros for a safecrt version of mctowc and wctomb, which target ntdll.dll or msvcrt.dll
+*                       based on the _NTSUBSET_ #define
+*       09-24-04  MSL   Prefix disallow NULL deref
+*
+****/
+
+#define _SAFECRT_IMPL
+
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _CFLTCVT _safecrt_cfltcvt
+
+//typedef __int64_t __int64;
+typedef double      _CRT_DOUBLE;
+typedef char        _TCHAR;
+typedef char        TCHAR;
+#define _T(x)       x
+/*
+Buffer size required to be passed to _gcvt, fcvt and other fp conversion routines
+*/
+#define _CVTBUFSIZE (309+40) /* # of digits in max. dp value + slop */
+
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// This code was taken from the 'ouput.c' file located in Visual Studio 8 (i.e. 2005)
+// in the '\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\crt\src' directory. It was moved into 
+// this file to support only the '_output' function used by _vscprintf() in vsprintf.c
+// UNUSED / NON-RELEVANT PORTIONS OF THE CODE HAVE BEEN REMOVED - do not try and 
+// use it to generate any other safecrt 'output' functions
+//
+// Noteable modifications
+// - changed FILE to miniFILE (defined in mbusafecrt_internal.h)
+// - removed _soutput_s - it was unused in this case and conflicted with output.inl
+// - changed #define SHORT_IS_INT to true varargs promotes shorts to ints in GCC
+// - removed definition of  __lookuptable_s when using FORMAT_VALIDATIONS, we don't use them
+
+// 7/03/07  - Created by Stephen Shaw (steshaw)
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+/* temporary work-around for compiler without 64-bit support */
+#ifndef _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS
+#define _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS  64
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#define _MBTOWC(x,y,z) _minimal_chartowchar( x, y )
+
+#undef _malloc_crt
+#define _malloc_crt malloc
+
+#undef _free_crt
+#define _free_crt free
+
+// SNIP -srs 7/3/07
+
+#ifndef _CFLTCVT
+#define _CFLTCVT _cfltcvt
+#endif  /* _CFLTCVT */
+
+#ifndef _CLDCVT
+#define _CLDCVT _cldcvt
+#endif  /* _CLDCVT */
+
+#ifdef _MBCS
+#undef  _MBCS
+#endif  /* _MBCS */
+//#include <tchar.h>
+
+/* this macro defines a function which is private and as fast as possible: */
+/* for example, in C 6.0, it might be static _fastcall <type> near. */
+#define LOCAL(x) static x __cdecl
+
+/* int/long/short/pointer sizes */
+
+/* the following should be set depending on the sizes of various types */
+#if __LP64__
+    #define LONG_IS_INT      0
+    CASSERT(sizeof(long) > sizeof(int));
+#else
+    #define LONG_IS_INT      1      /* 1 means long is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(long) == sizeof(int));
+#endif
+
+// GCC: short is not int, but GCC promotes va_arg to int
+#define SHORT_IS_INT     1
+
+#define LONGLONG_IS_INT64 1     /* 1 means long long is same as int64 */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(long long) == sizeof(int64_t));
+
+#if defined (_WIN64)
+    #define PTR_IS_INT       0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(int));
+    #if __LP64__
+        #define PTR_IS_LONG      1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+        CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(long));
+    #else
+        #define PTR_IS_LONG      0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+        CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(long));
+    #endif
+    #define PTR_IS_INT64     1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int64 */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(int64_t));
+#else  /* defined (_WIN64) */
+    #define PTR_IS_INT       1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(int));
+    #define PTR_IS_LONG      1      /* 1 means ptr is same size as long */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) == sizeof(long));
+    #define PTR_IS_INT64     0      /* 1 means ptr is same size as int64 */
+    CASSERT(sizeof(void *) != sizeof(int64_t));
+#endif  /* defined (_WIN64) */
+
+/* CONSTANTS */
+
+/* size of conversion buffer (ANSI-specified minimum is 509) */
+
+#define BUFFERSIZE    512
+#define MAXPRECISION  BUFFERSIZE
+
+#if BUFFERSIZE < _CVTBUFSIZE + 6
+/*
+ * Buffer needs to be big enough for default minimum precision
+ * when converting floating point needs bigger buffer, and malloc
+ * fails
+ */
+#error Conversion buffer too small for max double.
+#endif  /* BUFFERSIZE < _CVTBUFSIZE + 6 */
+
+/* flag definitions */
+#define FL_SIGN       0x00001   /* put plus or minus in front */
+#define FL_SIGNSP     0x00002   /* put space or minus in front */
+#define FL_LEFT       0x00004   /* left justify */
+#define FL_LEADZERO   0x00008   /* pad with leading zeros */
+#define FL_LONG       0x00010   /* long value given */
+#define FL_SHORT      0x00020   /* short value given */
+#define FL_SIGNED     0x00040   /* signed data given */
+#define FL_ALTERNATE  0x00080   /* alternate form requested */
+#define FL_NEGATIVE   0x00100   /* value is negative */
+#define FL_FORCEOCTAL 0x00200   /* force leading '0' for octals */
+#define FL_LONGDOUBLE 0x00400   /* long double value given */
+#define FL_WIDECHAR   0x00800   /* wide characters */
+#define FL_LONGLONG   0x01000   /* long long value given */
+#define FL_I64        0x08000   /* __int64 value given */
+
+/* state definitions */
+enum STATE {
+    ST_NORMAL,          /* normal state; outputting literal chars */
+    ST_PERCENT,         /* just read '%' */
+    ST_FLAG,            /* just read flag character */
+    ST_WIDTH,           /* just read width specifier */
+    ST_DOT,             /* just read '.' */
+    ST_PRECIS,          /* just read precision specifier */
+    ST_SIZE,            /* just read size specifier */
+    ST_TYPE             /* just read type specifier */
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+    ,ST_INVALID           /* Invalid format */
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+};
+
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+#define NUMSTATES (ST_INVALID + 1)
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#define NUMSTATES (ST_TYPE + 1)
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+/* character type values */
+enum CHARTYPE {
+    CH_OTHER,           /* character with no special meaning */
+    CH_PERCENT,         /* '%' */
+    CH_DOT,             /* '.' */
+    CH_STAR,            /* '*' */
+    CH_ZERO,            /* '0' */
+    CH_DIGIT,           /* '1'..'9' */
+    CH_FLAG,            /* ' ', '+', '-', '#' */
+    CH_SIZE,            /* 'h', 'l', 'L', 'N', 'F', 'w' */
+    CH_TYPE             /* type specifying character */
+};
+
+/* static data (read only, since we are re-entrant) */
+#if defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS)
+extern const char __nullstring[];  /* string to print on null ptr */
+extern const wchar_t __wnullstring[];  /* string to print on null ptr */
+#else  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS) */
+static const char __nullstring[] = "(null)";  /* string to print on null ptr */
+static const wchar_t __wnullstring[] = { '(', 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l', ')', '\0' };/* string to print on null ptr */
+#endif  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) || defined (FORMAT_VALIDATIONS) */
+
+/* The state table.  This table is actually two tables combined into one. */
+/* The lower nybble of each byte gives the character class of any         */
+/* character; while the uper nybble of the byte gives the next state      */
+/* to enter.  See the macros below the table for details.                 */
+/*                                                                        */
+/* The table is generated by maketabc.c -- use this program to make       */
+/* changes.                                                               */
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+#if defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG)
+extern const char __lookuptable[];
+#else  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+//extern const char __lookuptable[] = {
+const char __lookuptable[] = {
+ /* ' ' */  0x06,
+ /* '!' */  0x00,
+ /* '"' */  0x00,
+ /* '#' */  0x06,
+ /* '$' */  0x00,
+ /* '%' */  0x01,
+ /* '&' */  0x00,
+ /* ''' */  0x00,
+ /* '(' */  0x10,
+ /* ')' */  0x00,
+ /* '*' */  0x03,
+ /* '+' */  0x06,
+ /* ',' */  0x00,
+ /* '-' */  0x06,
+ /* '.' */  0x02,
+ /* '/' */  0x10,
+ /* '0' */  0x04,
+ /* '1' */  0x45,
+ /* '2' */  0x45,
+ /* '3' */  0x45,
+ /* '4' */  0x05,
+ /* '5' */  0x05,
+ /* '6' */  0x05,
+ /* '7' */  0x05,
+ /* '8' */  0x05,
+ /* '9' */  0x35,
+ /* ':' */  0x30,
+ /* ';' */  0x00,
+ /* '<' */  0x50,
+ /* '=' */  0x00,
+ /* '>' */  0x00,
+ /* '?' */  0x00,
+ /* '@' */  0x00,
+ /* 'A' */  0x20,       // Disable %A format
+ /* 'B' */  0x20,
+ /* 'C' */  0x38,
+ /* 'D' */  0x50,
+ /* 'E' */  0x58,
+ /* 'F' */  0x07,
+ /* 'G' */  0x08,
+ /* 'H' */  0x00,
+ /* 'I' */  0x37,
+ /* 'J' */  0x30,
+ /* 'K' */  0x30,
+ /* 'L' */  0x57,
+ /* 'M' */  0x50,
+ /* 'N' */  0x07,
+ /* 'O' */  0x00,
+ /* 'P' */  0x00,
+ /* 'Q' */  0x20,
+ /* 'R' */  0x20,
+ /* 'S' */  0x08,
+ /* 'T' */  0x00,
+ /* 'U' */  0x00,
+ /* 'V' */  0x00,
+ /* 'W' */  0x00,
+ /* 'X' */  0x08,
+ /* 'Y' */  0x60,
+ /* 'Z' */  0x68,
+ /* '[' */  0x60,
+ /* '\' */  0x60,
+ /* ']' */  0x60,
+ /* '^' */  0x60,
+ /* '_' */  0x00,
+ /* '`' */  0x00,
+ /* 'a' */  0x70,       // Disable %a format
+ /* 'b' */  0x70,
+ /* 'c' */  0x78,
+ /* 'd' */  0x78,
+ /* 'e' */  0x78,
+ /* 'f' */  0x78,
+ /* 'g' */  0x08,
+ /* 'h' */  0x07,
+ /* 'i' */  0x08,
+ /* 'j' */  0x00,
+ /* 'k' */  0x00,
+ /* 'l' */  0x07,
+ /* 'm' */  0x00,
+ /* 'n' */  0x00,       // Disable %n format
+ /* 'o' */  0x08,
+ /* 'p' */  0x08,
+ /* 'q' */  0x00,
+ /* 'r' */  0x00,
+ /* 's' */  0x08,
+ /* 't' */  0x00,
+ /* 'u' */  0x08,
+ /* 'v' */  0x00,
+ /* 'w' */  0x07,
+ /* 'x' */  0x08
+};
+
+#endif  /* defined (_UNICODE) || defined (CPRFLAG) */
+
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+// SNIP -srs 7/3/07
+#error code has been removed 
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+#define FIND_CHAR_CLASS(lookuptbl, c)      \
+        ((c) < _T(' ') || (c) > _T('x') ? \
+            CH_OTHER            \
+            :               \
+        (enum CHARTYPE)(lookuptbl[(c)-_T(' ')] & 0xF))
+
+#define FIND_NEXT_STATE(lookuptbl, class, state)   \
+        (enum STATE)(lookuptbl[(class) * NUMSTATES + (state)] >> 4)
+
+/*
+ * Note: CPRFLAG and _UNICODE cases are currently mutually exclusive.
+ */
+
+/* prototypes */
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+#define WRITE_CHAR(ch, pnw)         write_char(ch, pnw)
+#define WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(ch, num, pnw)  write_multi_char(ch, num, pnw)
+#define WRITE_STRING(s, len, pnw)   write_string(s, len, pnw)
+#define WRITE_WSTRING(s, len, pnw)  write_wstring(s, len, pnw)
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char(_TCHAR ch, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char(_TCHAR ch, int num, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_string(const _TCHAR *string, int len, int *numwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_wstring(const wchar_t *string, int len, int *numwritten);
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#define WRITE_CHAR(ch, pnw)         write_char(ch, stream, pnw)
+#define WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(ch, num, pnw)  write_multi_char(ch, num, stream, pnw)
+#define WRITE_STRING(s, len, pnw)   write_string(s, len, stream, pnw)
+#define WRITE_WSTRING(s, len, pnw)  write_wstring(s, len, stream, pnw)
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char(_TCHAR ch, miniFILE *f, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char(_TCHAR ch, int num, miniFILE *f, int *pnumwritten);
+LOCAL(void) write_string(const _TCHAR *string, int len, miniFILE *f, int *numwritten);
+//LOCAL(void) write_wstring(const wchar_t *string, int len, miniFILE *f, int *numwritten);
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#define get_short_arg(list)         va_arg(*list, int)  // GCC promotes va_arg shorts into int values
+#define get_int_arg(list)           va_arg(*list, int)
+#define get_long_arg(list)          va_arg(*list, long)
+#define get_long_long_arg(list)     va_arg(*list, long long)
+#define get_int64_arg(list)         va_arg(*list, __int64)
+#define get_crtdouble_arg(list)     va_arg(*list, _CRT_DOUBLE)
+#define get_ptr_arg(list)           va_arg(*list, void *)
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+LOCAL(int) output(const _TCHAR *, _locale_t , va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_p_l (const _TCHAR *, _locale_t, va_list);
+
+
+/***
+*int _cprintf(format, arglist) - write formatted output directly to console
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes formatted data like printf, but uses console I/O functions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   char *format - format string to determine data formats
+*   arglist - list of POINTERS to where to put data
+*
+*Exit:
+*   returns number of characters written
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_l (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        _locale_t plocinfo,
+        ...
+        )
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_s_l (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        _locale_t plocinfo,
+        ...
+        )
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, plocinfo);
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        ret = _vtcprintf_l(format, plocinfo, arglist);
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        ret = _vtcprintf_s_l(format, plocinfo, arglist);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        va_end(arglist);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        ...
+        )
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _tcprintf_s (
+        const _TCHAR * format,
+        ...
+        )
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        ret = _vtcprintf_l(format, NULL, arglist);
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        ret = _vtcprintf_s_l(format, NULL, arglist);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        va_end(arglist);
+
+        return ret;
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+
+/***
+*int _output(stream, format, argptr), static int output(format, argptr)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Output performs printf style output onto a stream.  It is called by
+*   printf/fprintf/sprintf/vprintf/vfprintf/vsprintf to so the dirty
+*   work.  In multi-thread situations, _output assumes that the given
+*   stream is already locked.
+*
+*   Algorithm:
+*       The format string is parsed by using a finite state automaton
+*       based on the current state and the current character read from
+*       the format string.  Thus, looping is on a per-character basis,
+*       not a per conversion specifier basis.  Once the format specififying
+*       character is read, output is performed.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   FILE *stream   - stream for output
+*   char *format   - printf style format string
+*   va_list argptr - pointer to list of subsidiary arguments
+*
+*Exit:
+*   Returns the number of characters written, or -1 if an output error
+*   occurs.
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*   The wide-character flavour returns the number of wide-characters written.
+*endif
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf (
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    return _vtcprintf_l(format, NULL, argptr);
+}
+
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s (
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    return _vtcprintf_s_l(format, NULL, argptr);
+}
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_l (
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+_CRTIMP int __cdecl _vtcprintf_s_l (
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+int __cdecl _woutput (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+int __cdecl _woutput_s (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+int __cdecl _output (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+    int __cdecl _output_s (
+    miniFILE *stream,
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+    const _TCHAR *format,
+    va_list argptr
+    )
+{
+    int hexadd=0;     /* offset to add to number to get 'a'..'f' */
+    TCHAR ch;       /* character just read */
+    int flags=0;      /* flag word -- see #defines above for flag values */
+    enum STATE state;   /* current state */
+    enum CHARTYPE chclass; /* class of current character */
+    int radix;      /* current conversion radix */
+    int charsout;   /* characters currently written so far, -1 = IO error */
+    int fldwidth = 0;   /* selected field width -- 0 means default */
+    int precision = 0;  /* selected precision  -- -1 means default */
+    TCHAR prefix[2];    /* numeric prefix -- up to two characters */
+    int prefixlen=0;  /* length of prefix -- 0 means no prefix */
+    int capexp = 0;     /* non-zero = 'E' exponent signifient, zero = 'e' */
+    int no_output=0;  /* non-zero = prodcue no output for this specifier */
+    union {
+        const char *sz;   /* pointer text to be printed, not zero terminated */
+        const wchar_t *wz;
+        } text;
+
+    int textlen;    /* length of the text in bytes/wchars to be printed.
+                       textlen is in multibyte or wide chars if _UNICODE */
+    union {
+        char sz[BUFFERSIZE];
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+        wchar_t wz[BUFFERSIZE];
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        } buffer;
+    wchar_t wchar;                      /* temp wchar_t */
+    int buffersize;                     /* size of text.sz (used only for the call to _cfltcvt) */
+    int bufferiswide=0;         /* non-zero = buffer contains wide chars already */
+
+#ifndef CPRFLAG
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (stream != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+    charsout = 0;       /* no characters written yet */
+    textlen = 0;        /* no text yet */
+    state = ST_NORMAL;  /* starting state */
+    buffersize = 0;
+
+    /* main loop -- loop while format character exist and no I/O errors */
+    while ((ch = *format++) != _T('\0') && charsout >= 0) {
+#ifndef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+        chclass = FIND_CHAR_CLASS(__lookuptable, ch);  /* find character class */
+        state = FIND_NEXT_STATE(__lookuptable, chclass, state); /* find next state */
+#else  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+        chclass = FIND_CHAR_CLASS(__lookuptable_s, ch);  /* find character class */
+        state = FIND_NEXT_STATE(__lookuptable_s, chclass, state); /* find next state */
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN((state != ST_INVALID), EINVAL, -1);
+
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+        /* execute code for each state */
+        switch (state) {
+
+        case ST_NORMAL:
+
+        NORMAL_STATE:
+
+            /* normal state -- just write character */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+            bufferiswide = 1;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+            bufferiswide = 0;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            WRITE_CHAR(ch, &charsout);
+            break;
+
+        case ST_PERCENT:
+            /* set default value of conversion parameters */
+            prefixlen = fldwidth = no_output = capexp = 0;
+            flags = 0;
+            precision = -1;
+            bufferiswide = 0;   /* default */
+            break;
+
+        case ST_FLAG:
+            /* set flag based on which flag character */
+            switch (ch) {
+            case _T('-'):
+                flags |= FL_LEFT;   /* '-' => left justify */
+                break;
+            case _T('+'):
+                flags |= FL_SIGN;   /* '+' => force sign indicator */
+                break;
+            case _T(' '):
+                flags |= FL_SIGNSP; /* ' ' => force sign or space */
+                break;
+            case _T('#'):
+                flags |= FL_ALTERNATE;  /* '#' => alternate form */
+                break;
+            case _T('0'):
+                flags |= FL_LEADZERO;   /* '0' => pad with leading zeros */
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_WIDTH:
+            /* update width value */
+            if (ch == _T('*')) {
+                /* get width from arg list */
+                fldwidth = get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (fldwidth < 0) {
+                    /* ANSI says neg fld width means '-' flag and pos width */
+                    flags |= FL_LEFT;
+                    fldwidth = -fldwidth;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                /* add digit to current field width */
+                fldwidth = fldwidth * 10 + (ch - _T('0'));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_DOT:
+            /* zero the precision, since dot with no number means 0
+               not default, according to ANSI */
+            precision = 0;
+            break;
+
+        case ST_PRECIS:
+            /* update precison value */
+            if (ch == _T('*')) {
+                /* get precision from arg list */
+                precision = get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = -1; /* neg precision means default */
+            }
+            else {
+                /* add digit to current precision */
+                precision = precision * 10 + (ch - _T('0'));
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_SIZE:
+            /* just read a size specifier, set the flags based on it */
+            switch (ch) {
+            case _T('l'):
+                /*
+                 * In order to handle the ll case, we depart from the
+                 * simple deterministic state machine.
+                 */
+                if (*format == _T('l'))
+                {
+                    ++format;
+                    flags |= FL_LONGLONG;   /* 'll' => long long */
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    flags |= FL_LONG;   /* 'l' => long int or wchar_t */
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case _T('I'):
+                /*
+                 * In order to handle the I, I32, and I64 size modifiers, we
+                 * depart from the simple deterministic state machine. The
+                 * code below scans for characters following the 'I',
+                 * and defaults to 64 bit on WIN64 and 32 bit on WIN32
+                 */
+#if PTR_IS_INT64
+                flags |= FL_I64;    /* 'I' => __int64 on WIN64 systems */
+#endif  /* PTR_IS_INT64 */
+                if ( (*format == _T('6')) && (*(format + 1) == _T('4')) )
+                {
+                    format += 2;
+                    flags |= FL_I64;    /* I64 => __int64 */
+                }
+                else if ( (*format == _T('3')) && (*(format + 1) == _T('2')) )
+                {
+                    format += 2;
+                    flags &= ~FL_I64;   /* I32 => __int32 */
+                }
+                else if ( (*format == _T('d')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('i')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('o')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('u')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('x')) ||
+                          (*format == _T('X')) )
+                {
+                   /*
+                    * Nothing further needed.  %Id (et al) is
+                    * handled just like %d, except that it defaults to 64 bits
+                    * on WIN64.  Fall through to the next iteration.
+                    */
+                }
+                else {
+                    state = ST_NORMAL;
+                    goto NORMAL_STATE;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case _T('h'):
+                flags |= FL_SHORT;  /* 'h' => short int or char */
+                break;
+
+            case _T('w'):
+                flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;  /* 'w' => wide character */
+                break;
+
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ST_TYPE:
+            /* we have finally read the actual type character, so we       */
+            /* now format and "print" the output.  We use a big switch     */
+            /* statement that sets 'text' to point to the text that should */
+            /* be printed, and 'textlen' to the length of this text.       */
+            /* Common code later on takes care of justifying it and        */
+            /* other miscellaneous chores.  Note that cases share code,    */
+            /* in particular, all integer formatting is done in one place. */
+            /* Look at those funky goto statements!                        */
+
+            switch (ch) {
+
+            case _T('C'):   /* ISO wide character */
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                    flags |= FL_SHORT;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                    flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;   /* ISO std. */
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+                /* fall into 'c' case */
+
+            case _T('c'): {
+                /* print a single character specified by int argument */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                bufferiswide = 1;
+                        wchar = (wchar_t) get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    /* format multibyte character */
+                    /* this is an extension of ANSI */
+                    char tempchar[2];
+                    {
+                        tempchar[0] = (char)(wchar & 0x00ff);
+                        tempchar[1] = '\0';
+                    }
+
+                    if (_MBTOWC(buffer.wz,tempchar, MB_CUR_MAX) < 0)
+                    {
+                        /* ignore if conversion was unsuccessful */
+                        no_output = 1;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    buffer.wz[0] = wchar;
+                }
+                text.wz = buffer.wz;
+                textlen = 1;    /* print just a single character */
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (flags & (FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)) {
+                    wchar = (wchar_t) get_short_arg(&argptr);
+                        no_output = 1;
+                } else {
+                    /* format multibyte character */
+                    /* this is an extension of ANSI */
+                    unsigned short temp;
+                        wchar = (wchar_t)get_int_arg(&argptr);
+                        temp = (unsigned short)wchar;
+                    {
+                        buffer.sz[0] = (char) temp;
+                        textlen = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+                text.sz = buffer.sz;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('Z'): {
+                /* print a Counted String */
+                struct _count_string {
+                    short Length;
+                    short MaximumLength;
+                    char *Buffer;
+                } *pstr;
+
+                pstr = (struct _count_string *)get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+                if (pstr == NULL || pstr->Buffer == NULL) {
+                    /* null ptr passed, use special string */
+                    text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    textlen = (int)strlen(text.sz);
+                } else {
+                    if (flags & FL_WIDECHAR) {
+                        text.wz = (wchar_t *)pstr->Buffer;
+                        textlen = pstr->Length / (int)sizeof(wchar_t);
+                        bufferiswide = 1;
+                    } else {
+                        bufferiswide = 0;
+                        text.sz = pstr->Buffer;
+                        textlen = pstr->Length;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('S'):   /* ISO wide character string */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+                    flags |= FL_WIDECHAR;
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (!(flags & (FL_SHORT|FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)))
+                    flags |= FL_SHORT;
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+            case _T('s'): {
+                /* print a string --                            */
+                /* ANSI rules on how much of string to print:   */
+                /*   all if precision is default,               */
+                /*   min(precision, length) if precision given. */
+                /* prints '(null)' if a null string is passed   */
+
+                int i;
+                const char *p;       /* temps */
+                const wchar_t *pwch;
+
+                /* At this point it is tempting to use strlen(), but */
+                /* if a precision is specified, we're not allowed to */
+                /* scan past there, because there might be no null   */
+                /* at all.  Thus, we must do our own scan.           */
+
+                i = (precision == -1) ? INT_MAX : precision;
+                text.sz = (char *)get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+
+                /* scan for null upto i characters */
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    if (text.sz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    for (textlen=0; textlen<i && *p; textlen++) {
+                        ++p;
+                    }
+                    /* textlen now contains length in multibyte chars */
+                } else {
+                    if (text.wz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.wz = __wnullstring;
+                    bufferiswide = 1;
+                    pwch = text.wz;
+                    while (i-- && *pwch)
+                        ++pwch;
+                    textlen = (int)(pwch - text.wz);       /* in wchar_ts */
+                    /* textlen now contains length in wide chars */
+                }
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (flags & (FL_LONG|FL_WIDECHAR)) {
+                    if (text.wz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.wz = __wnullstring;
+                    bufferiswide = 1;
+                    pwch = text.wz;
+                    while ( i-- && *pwch )
+                        ++pwch;
+                    textlen = (int)(pwch - text.wz);
+                    /* textlen now contains length in wide chars */
+                } else {
+                    if (text.sz == NULL) /* NULL passed, use special string */
+                        text.sz = __nullstring;
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    while (i-- && *p)
+                        ++p;
+                    textlen = (int)(p - text.sz);    /* length of the string */
+                }
+
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+            }
+            break;
+
+
+            case _T('n'): {
+                /* write count of characters seen so far into */
+                /* short/int/long thru ptr read from args */
+
+                void *p;        /* temp */
+
+                p = get_ptr_arg(&argptr);
+
+                /* %n is disabled */
+                    _VALIDATE_RETURN(("'n' format specifier disabled" && 0), EINVAL, -1);
+                    break;
+
+                /* store chars out into short/long/int depending on flags */
+#if !LONG_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                    *(long *)p = charsout;
+                else
+#endif  /* !LONG_IS_INT */
+
+#if !SHORT_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT)
+                    *(short *)p = (short) charsout;
+                else
+#endif  /* !SHORT_IS_INT */
+                    *(int *)p = charsout;
+
+                no_output = 1;              /* force no output */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('E'):
+            case _T('G'):
+            case _T('A'):
+                capexp = 1;                 /* capitalize exponent */
+                ch += _T('a') - _T('A');    /* convert format char to lower */
+                /* DROP THROUGH */
+            case _T('e'):
+            case _T('f'):
+            case _T('g'):
+            case _T('a'): {
+                /* floating point conversion -- we call cfltcvt routines */
+                /* to do the work for us.                                */
+                flags |= FL_SIGNED;         /* floating point is signed conversion */
+                text.sz = buffer.sz;        /* put result in buffer */
+                buffersize = BUFFERSIZE;
+
+                /* compute the precision value */
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = 6;          /* default precision: 6 */
+                else if (precision == 0 && ch == _T('g'))
+                    precision = 1;          /* ANSI specified */
+                else if (precision > MAXPRECISION)
+                    precision = MAXPRECISION;
+
+                if (precision > BUFFERSIZE - _CVTBUFSIZE) {
+                        precision = BUFFERSIZE - _CVTBUFSIZE;
+                }
+
+                /* for safecrt, we pass along the FL_ALTERNATE flag to _safecrt_cfltcvt */
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE)
+                {
+                    capexp |= FL_ALTERNATE;
+                }
+
+                _CRT_DOUBLE tmp;
+                tmp=va_arg(argptr, _CRT_DOUBLE);
+                /* Note: assumes ch is in ASCII range */
+                /* In safecrt, we provide a special version of _cfltcvt which internally calls printf (see safecrt_output_s.c) */
+                _CFLTCVT(&tmp, buffer.sz, buffersize, (char)ch, precision, capexp);
+
+                /* check if result was negative, save '-' for later */
+                /* and point to positive part (this is for '0' padding) */
+                if (*text.sz == '-') {
+                    flags |= FL_NEGATIVE;
+                    ++text.sz;
+                }
+
+                textlen = (int)strlen(text.sz);     /* compute length of text */
+            }
+            break;
+
+            case _T('d'):
+            case _T('i'):
+                /* signed decimal output */
+                flags |= FL_SIGNED;
+                radix = 10;
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('u'):
+                radix = 10;
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('p'):
+                /* write a pointer -- this is like an integer or long */
+                /* except we force precision to pad with zeros and */
+                /* output in big hex. */
+
+                precision = 2 * sizeof(void *);     /* number of hex digits needed */
+#if PTR_IS_INT64
+                flags |= FL_I64;                    /* assume we're converting an int64 */
+#elif !PTR_IS_INT
+                flags |= FL_LONG;                   /* assume we're converting a long */
+#endif  /* !PTR_IS_INT */
+                /* DROP THROUGH to hex formatting */
+
+            case _T('X'):
+                /* unsigned upper hex output */
+                hexadd = _T('A') - _T('9') - 1;     /* set hexadd for uppercase hex */
+                goto COMMON_HEX;
+
+            case _T('x'):
+                /* unsigned lower hex output */
+                hexadd = _T('a') - _T('9') - 1;     /* set hexadd for lowercase hex */
+                /* DROP THROUGH TO COMMON_HEX */
+
+            COMMON_HEX:
+                radix = 16;
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE) {
+                    /* alternate form means '0x' prefix */
+                    prefix[0] = _T('0');
+                    prefix[1] = (TCHAR)(_T('x') - _T('a') + _T('9') + 1 + hexadd);  /* 'x' or 'X' */
+                    prefixlen = 2;
+                }
+                goto COMMON_INT;
+
+            case _T('o'):
+                /* unsigned octal output */
+                radix = 8;
+                if (flags & FL_ALTERNATE) {
+                    /* alternate form means force a leading 0 */
+                    flags |= FL_FORCEOCTAL;
+                }
+                /* DROP THROUGH to COMMON_INT */
+
+            COMMON_INT: {
+                /* This is the general integer formatting routine. */
+                /* Basically, we get an argument, make it positive */
+                /* if necessary, and convert it according to the */
+                /* correct radix, setting text and textlen */
+                /* appropriately. */
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+//                unsigned __int64 number;    /* number to convert */
+                uint64_t number;      /* number to convert */
+                int digit;              /* ascii value of digit */
+                __int64 l;              /* temp long value */
+#else  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+                unsigned long number;   /* number to convert */
+                int digit;              /* ascii value of digit */
+                long l;                 /* temp long value */
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                /* 1. read argument into l, sign extend as needed */
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+                if (flags & FL_I64)
+                    l = get_int64_arg(&argptr);
+                else
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                if (flags & FL_LONGLONG)
+                    l = get_long_long_arg(&argptr);
+                else
+
+#if !LONG_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                    l = get_long_arg(&argptr);
+                else
+#endif  /* !LONG_IS_INT */
+
+#if !SHORT_IS_INT
+                if (flags & FL_SHORT) {
+                    if (flags & FL_SIGNED)
+                        l = (short) get_int_arg(&argptr); /* sign extend */
+                    else
+                        l = (unsigned short) get_int_arg(&argptr);    /* zero-extend*/
+
+                } else
+#endif  /* !SHORT_IS_INT */
+                {
+                    if (flags & FL_SIGNED)
+                        l = get_int_arg(&argptr); /* sign extend */
+                    else
+                        l = (unsigned int) get_int_arg(&argptr);    /* zero-extend*/
+
+                }
+
+                /* 2. check for negative; copy into number */
+                if ( (flags & FL_SIGNED) && l < 0) {
+                    number = -l;
+                    flags |= FL_NEGATIVE;   /* remember negative sign */
+                } else {
+                    number = l;
+                }
+
+#if _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64       
+                if ( (flags & FL_I64) == 0 && (flags & FL_LONGLONG) == 0 ) {
+                    /*
+                     * Unless printing a full 64-bit value, insure values
+                     * here are not in cananical longword format to prevent
+                     * the sign extended upper 32-bits from being printed.
+                     */
+                    number &= 0xffffffff;
+                }
+#endif  /* _INTEGRAL_MAX_BITS >= 64        */
+
+                /* 3. check precision value for default; non-default */
+                /*    turns off 0 flag, according to ANSI. */
+                if (precision < 0)
+                    precision = 1;  /* default precision */
+                else {
+                    flags &= ~FL_LEADZERO;
+                    if (precision > MAXPRECISION)
+                        precision = MAXPRECISION;
+                }
+
+                /* 4. Check if data is 0; if so, turn off hex prefix */
+                if (number == 0)
+                    prefixlen = 0;
+
+                /* 5. Convert data to ASCII -- note if precision is zero */
+                /*    and number is zero, we get no digits at all.       */
+
+                char *sz;
+                sz = &buffer.sz[BUFFERSIZE-1];    /* last digit at end of buffer */
+
+                while (precision-- > 0 || number != 0) {
+                    digit = (int)(number % radix) + '0';
+                    number /= radix;                /* reduce number */
+                    if (digit > '9') {
+                        /* a hex digit, make it a letter */
+                        digit += hexadd;
+                    }
+                    *sz-- = (char)digit;       /* store the digit */
+                }
+
+                textlen = (int)((char *)&buffer.sz[BUFFERSIZE-1] - sz); /* compute length of number */
+                ++sz;          /* text points to first digit now */
+
+
+                /* 6. Force a leading zero if FORCEOCTAL flag set */
+                if ((flags & FL_FORCEOCTAL) && (textlen == 0 || sz[0] != '0')) {
+                    *--sz = '0';
+                    ++textlen;      /* add a zero */
+                }
+                
+                text.sz = sz;
+            }
+            break;
+            }
+
+
+            /* At this point, we have done the specific conversion, and */
+            /* 'text' points to text to print; 'textlen' is length.  Now we */
+            /* justify it, put on prefixes, leading zeros, and then */
+            /* print it. */
+
+            if (!no_output) {
+                int padding;    /* amount of padding, negative means zero */
+
+                if (flags & FL_SIGNED) {
+                    if (flags & FL_NEGATIVE) {
+                        /* prefix is a '-' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T('-');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & FL_SIGN) {
+                        /* prefix is '+' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T('+');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                    else if (flags & FL_SIGNSP) {
+                        /* prefix is ' ' */
+                        prefix[0] = _T(' ');
+                        prefixlen = 1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                /* calculate amount of padding -- might be negative, */
+                /* but this will just mean zero */
+                padding = fldwidth - textlen - prefixlen;
+
+                /* put out the padding, prefix, and text, in the correct order */
+
+                if (!(flags & (FL_LEFT | FL_LEADZERO))) {
+                    /* pad on left with blanks */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T(' '), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* write prefix */
+                WRITE_STRING(prefix, prefixlen, &charsout);
+
+                if ((flags & FL_LEADZERO) && !(flags & FL_LEFT)) {
+                    /* write leading zeros */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T('0'), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* write text */
+#ifndef _UNICODE
+                if (bufferiswide && (textlen > 0)) {
+                            charsout = -1;
+                } else {
+                    WRITE_STRING(text.sz, textlen, &charsout);
+                }
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+                if (!bufferiswide && textlen > 0) {
+                    char *p;
+                    int retval = 0
+                    int count;
+
+                    p = text.sz;
+                    count = textlen;
+                    while (count-- > 0) {
+                        retval = _MBTOWC(&wchar, p, MB_CUR_MAX);
+                        if (retval <= 0) {
+                            charsout = -1;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        WRITE_CHAR(wchar, &charsout);
+                        p += retval;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    WRITE_STRING(text.wz, textlen, &charsout);
+                }
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+                if (charsout >= 0 && (flags & FL_LEFT)) {
+                    /* pad on right with blanks */
+                    WRITE_MULTI_CHAR(_T(' '), padding, &charsout);
+                }
+
+                /* we're done! */
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+    /* The format string shouldn't be incomplete - i.e. when we are finished
+        with the format string, the last thing we should have encountered
+        should have been a regular char to be output or a type specifier. Else
+        the format string was incomplete */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(((state == ST_NORMAL) || (state == ST_TYPE)), EINVAL, -1);
+#endif  /* FORMAT_VALIDATIONS */
+
+    return charsout;        /* return value = number of characters written */
+}
+
+/*
+ *  Future Optimizations for swprintf:
+ *  - Don't free the memory used for converting the buffer to wide chars.
+ *    Use realloc if the memory is not sufficient.  Free it at the end.
+ */
+
+/***
+*void write_char(char ch, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_char(wchar_t ch, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*void write_char(char ch, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes a single character to the given file/console.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR ch        - character to write
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+    if (_putwch_nolock(ch) == WEOF)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if (_putch_nolock(ch) == EOF)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        *pnumwritten = -1;
+    else
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    if ( (f->_flag & _IOSTRG) && f->_base == NULL)
+    {
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+        return;
+    }
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+    if (_putwc_nolock(ch, f) == WEOF)
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+    if (_putc_nolock(ch, f) == EOF)
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+        *pnumwritten = -1;
+    else
+        ++(*pnumwritten);
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+/***
+*void write_multi_char(char ch, int num, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_multi_char(wchar_t ch, int num, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*void write_multi_char(char ch, int num, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes num copies of a character to the given file/console.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented by num; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.  If num is negative, it is treated as zero.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR ch        - character to write
+*   int num          - number of times to write the characters
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int num,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (num-- > 0) {
+        write_char(ch, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_multi_char (
+    _TCHAR ch,
+    int num,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (num-- > 0) {
+        write_char(ch, f, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+/***
+*void write_string(const char *string, int len, int *pnumwritten)
+*void write_string(const char *string, int len, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*ifdef _UNICODE
+*void write_string(const wchar_t *string, int len, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*endif
+*void write_wstring(const wchar_t *string, int len, int *pnumwritten)
+*void write_wstring(const wchar_t *string, int len, FILE *f, int *pnumwritten)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Writes a string of the given length to the given file.  If no error occurs,
+*   then *pnumwritten is incremented by len; otherwise, *pnumwritten is set
+*   to -1.  If len is negative, it is treated as zero.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   _TCHAR *string   - string to write (NOT null-terminated)
+*   int len          - length of string
+*   FILE *f          - file to write to
+*   int *pnumwritten - pointer to integer to update with total chars written
+*
+*Exit:
+*   No return value.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef CPRFLAG
+
+LOCAL(void) write_string (
+    const _TCHAR *string,
+    int len,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+        write_char(*string++, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EILSEQ)
+                write_char(_T('?'), pnumwritten);
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#else  /* CPRFLAG */
+
+LOCAL(void) write_string (
+    const _TCHAR *string,
+    int len,
+    miniFILE *f,
+    int *pnumwritten
+    )
+{
+    if ( (f->_flag & _IOSTRG) && f->_base == NULL)
+    {
+        (*pnumwritten) += len;
+        return;
+    }
+    while (len-- > 0) {
+        write_char(*string++, f, pnumwritten);
+        if (*pnumwritten == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EILSEQ)
+                write_char(_T('?'), f, pnumwritten);
+            else
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif  /* CPRFLAG */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c3e7f91404
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_output_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*safecrt_output_s.c - implementation of the _output family for safercrt.lib
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of the _output family for safercrt.lib.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       07-08-04   SJ   Stub module created.
+*       07-13-04   AC   Added support for floating-point types.
+*       07-29-04   AC   Added macros for a safecrt version of mctowc and wctomb, which target ntdll.dll or msvcrt.dll
+*                       based on the _NTSUBSET_ #define
+*       09-24-04  MSL   Prefix disallow NULL deref
+*
+****/
+
+#define _SAFECRT_IMPL
+
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+#define _CFLTCVT _safecrt_cfltcvt
+
+#define _TCHAR CRT_TCHAR
+#define TCHAR CRTTCHAR
+
+typedef char        _TCHAR;
+typedef char        TCHAR;
+#define _T(x)       x
+
+#include "output.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_winput_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_winput_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17a621781b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_winput_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*safecrt_winput_s.c - implementation of the _winput family for safecrt.lib
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of the _winput family for safecrt.lib.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*       07/19/04  AC    Created
+*
+****/
+
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE   /* CRT flag */
+#define _UNICODE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef UNICODE    /* NT flag */
+#define UNICODE 1
+#endif
+
+#define _SAFECRT_IMPL
+#define _SECURE_SCANF
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _TCHAR CRT_TCHAR
+#define TCHAR CRTTCHAR
+
+typedef wchar_t         _TCHAR;
+typedef wchar_t         TCHAR;
+typedef wchar_t         _TUCHAR;
+#define _T(x)       x
+#define _TEOF       WEOF
+
+#define _gettc_nolock(x)        _getwc_nolock(x)
+#define _ungettc_nolock(x,y)    _ungetwc_nolock(x,y)
+
+#include "input.inl"
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_woutput_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_woutput_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..52fe9400d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/safecrt_woutput_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*safecrt_woutput_s.c - implementation of the _woutput family for safercrt.lib
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the implementation of the _woutput family for safercrt.lib.
+*
+*Revision History:
+*   07-08-04   SJ   Stub module created.
+*   07-13-04   AC   Added support for floating-point types.
+*   07-29-04   AC   Added macros for a safecrt version of mctowc and wctomb, which target ntdll.dll or msvcrt.dll
+*                   based on the _NTSUBSET_ #define
+*
+****/
+
+#define _SAFECRT_IMPL
+
+#define __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#ifndef _UNICODE    /* CRT flag */
+#define _UNICODE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef UNICODE     /* NT flag */
+#define UNICODE 1
+#endif
+
+#define FORMAT_VALIDATIONS
+#if defined(_NTSUBSET_)
+#define _MBTOWC _safecrt_mbtowc
+#endif
+#define _WCTOMB_S _safecrt_wctomb_s
+#define _CFLTCVT _safecrt_cfltcvt
+#define _CLDCVT _safecrt_cldcvt
+
+#define _TCHAR CRT_TCHAR
+#define TCHAR CRTTCHAR
+
+typedef wchar_t     _TCHAR;
+typedef wchar_t     TCHAR;
+#define _T(x)       L##x
+
+#include "output.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/snprintf.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/snprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c892d1a9b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/snprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*snprintf.c - "Count" version of sprintf
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       The _snprintf() flavor takes a count argument that is
+*       the max number of bytes that should be written to the
+*       user's buffer.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _COUNT_ 1
+#include "sprintf.c"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/splitpath_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/splitpath_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb8a364550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/splitpath_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*splitpath_s.c - break down path name into components
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   To provide support for accessing the individual components of an
+*   arbitrary path name
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME _splitpath_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _TCSNCPY_S strncpy_s
+#define _T(_Character) _Character
+
+#define _MBS_SUPPORT 0
+
+#include "tsplitpath_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/sprintf.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/sprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5454179f8d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/sprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*sprintf.c - print formatted to string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines sprintf() and _snprintf() - print formatted data to string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+
+/***
+*ifndef _COUNT_
+*int sprintf(string, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*else
+*int _snprintf(string, cnt, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*endif
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Prints formatted data to the using the format string to
+*       format data and getting as many arguments as called for
+*       Sets up a FILE so file i/o operations can be used, make
+*       string look like a huge buffer to it, but _flsbuf will
+*       refuse to flush it if it fills up.  Appends '\0' to make
+*       it a true string. _output does the real work here
+*
+*       Allocate the 'fake' _iob[] entry statically instead of on
+*       the stack so that other routines can assume that _iob[]
+*       entries are in are in DGROUP and, thus, are near.
+*
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       The _snprintf() flavor takes a count argument that is
+*       the max number of bytes that should be written to the
+*       user's buffer.
+*endif
+*
+*       Multi-thread: (1) Since there is no stream, this routine must
+*       never try to get the stream lock (i.e., there is no stream
+*       lock either). (2) Also, since there is only one statically
+*       allocated 'fake' iob, we must lock/unlock to prevent collisions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       char *string - pointer to place to put output
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       size_t count - max number of bytes to put in buffer
+*endif
+*       char *format - format string to control data format/number
+*       of arguments followed by list of arguments, number and type
+*       controlled by format string
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of characters printed
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int sprintf_s (
+        char *string,
+        size_t sizeInBytes,
+        const char *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = _vsprintf_s(string, sizeInBytes, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int _snprintf_s (
+        char *string,
+        size_t sizeInBytes,
+        size_t count,
+        const char *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = _vsnprintf_s(string, sizeInBytes, count, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/sscanf.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/sscanf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..94b5148875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/sscanf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*sscanf.c - read formatted data from string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines scanf() - reads formatted data from string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+typedef int (*INPUTFN)(miniFILE *, const unsigned char*, va_list);
+typedef int (*WINPUTFN)(miniFILE *, const unsigned short*, va_list);
+
+
+/***
+*static int v[nw]scan_fn([w]inputfn, string, [count], format, ...)
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       this is a helper function which is called by the other functions
+*       in this file - sscanf/swscanf/snscanf etc. It calls either _(w)input or
+*       _(w)input_s depending on the first parameter.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+static int __cdecl vscan_fn (
+        INPUTFN inputfn,
+        const char *string,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list arglist
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *infile = &str;
+        int retval;
+        size_t count = strlen(string);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (string != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+
+        infile->_flag = _IOREAD|_IOSTRG|_IOMYBUF;
+        infile->_ptr = infile->_base = (char *) string;
+
+        if(count>(INT_MAX/sizeof(char)))
+        {
+            /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+            infile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            infile->_cnt = (int)count*sizeof(char);
+        }
+
+        retval = (inputfn(infile, ( const unsigned char* )format, arglist));
+
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl vnscan_fn (
+        INPUTFN inputfn,
+        const char *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list arglist
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *infile = &str;
+        int retval;
+        size_t length = strlen(string);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (string != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+
+        infile->_flag = _IOREAD|_IOSTRG|_IOMYBUF;
+        infile->_ptr = infile->_base = (char *) string;
+
+        if ( count > length )
+        {
+            count = length;
+        }
+
+        if(count>(INT_MAX/sizeof(char)))
+        {
+            /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+            infile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            infile->_cnt = (int)count*sizeof(char);
+        }
+
+        retval = (inputfn(infile, ( const unsigned char* )format, arglist));
+
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl vwscan_fn (
+        WINPUTFN inputfn,
+        const wchar_t *string,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list arglist
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *infile = &str;
+        int retval;
+        size_t count = wcsnlen(string, INT_MAX);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (string != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+
+        infile->_flag = _IOREAD|_IOSTRG|_IOMYBUF;
+        infile->_ptr = infile->_base = (char *) string;
+
+        if(count>(INT_MAX/sizeof(wchar_t)))
+        {
+            /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+            infile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            infile->_cnt = (int)count*sizeof(wchar_t);
+        }
+
+        retval = (inputfn(infile, format, arglist));
+
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl vnwscan_fn (
+        WINPUTFN inputfn,
+        const wchar_t *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list arglist
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *infile = &str;
+        int retval;
+        size_t length = wcsnlen(string, INT_MAX);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (string != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, EOF);
+
+        infile->_flag = _IOREAD|_IOSTRG|_IOMYBUF;
+        infile->_ptr = infile->_base = (char *) string;
+
+        if ( count > length )
+        {
+            count = length;
+        }
+
+        if(count>(INT_MAX/sizeof(wchar_t)))
+        {
+            /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+            infile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            infile->_cnt = (int)count*sizeof(wchar_t);
+        }
+
+        retval = (inputfn(infile, format, arglist));
+
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+
+/***
+*int sscanf_s(string, format, ...)
+*   Same as sscanf above except that it calls _input_s to do the real work.
+*
+*int snscanf_s(string, size, format, ...)
+*   Same as snscanf above except that it calls _input_s to do the real work.
+*
+*   _input_s has a size check for array parameters.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl sscanf_s (
+        const char *string,
+        const char *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = vscan_fn(__tinput_s, string, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _snscanf_s (
+        const char *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const char *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = vnscan_fn(__tinput_s, string, count, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int __cdecl swscanf_s (
+        const wchar_t *string,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = vwscan_fn(__twinput_s, string, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _snwscanf_s (
+        const wchar_t *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+        int ret;
+        va_list arglist;
+        va_start(arglist, format);
+        ret = vnwscan_fn(__twinput_s, string, count, format, arglist);
+        va_end(arglist);
+        return ret;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcat_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcat_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4dc2332006
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcat_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strcat_s.c - contains strcat_s()
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   strcat_s() concatenates (appends) a copy of the source string to the
+*   end of the destination string.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME strcat_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _SRC _Src
+
+#include "tcscat_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcpy_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcpy_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..821dbe85f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strcpy_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strcpy_s.c - contains strcpy_s()
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   strcpy_s() copies one string onto another.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME strcpy_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _SRC _Src
+
+#include "tcscpy_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strlen_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strlen_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34c1308d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strlen_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strlen_s.c - contains strnlen() routine
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   strnlen returns the length of a null-terminated string,
+*   not including the null byte itself, up to the specified max size
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/***
+*strnlen - return the length of a null-terminated string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Finds the length in bytes of the given string, not including
+*   the final null character. Only the first maxsize characters
+*   are inspected: if the null character is not found, maxsize is
+*   returned.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   const char * str - string whose length is to be computed
+*   size_t maxsize
+*
+*Exit:
+*   Length of the string "str", exclusive of the final null byte, or
+*   maxsize if the null character is not found.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+size_t __cdecl strnlen(const char *str, size_t maxsize)
+{
+    size_t n;
+
+    /* Note that we do not check if str == NULL, because we do not
+     * return errno_t...
+     */
+
+    for (n = 0; n < maxsize && *str; n++, str++)
+        ;
+
+    return n;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncat_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncat_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef8c6cfc7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncat_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strncat_s.c - append n chars of string to new string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines strncat_s() - appends n characters of string onto
+*   end of other string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME strncat_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _SRC _Src
+#define _COUNT _Count
+
+#include "tcsncat_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncpy_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncpy_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f819ebb6bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strncpy_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strncpy_s.c - copy at most n characters of string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines strncpy_s() - copy at most n characters of string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME strncpy_s
+#define _CHAR char
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _SRC _Src
+#define _COUNT _Count
+
+#include "tcsncpy_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/strtok_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strtok_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6f1c80633f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/strtok_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strtok_s.c - tokenize a string with given delimiters
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines strtok_s() - breaks string into series of token
+*   via repeated calls.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME strtok_s
+#define _CHAR char
+
+#include "tcstok_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/swprintf.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/swprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..75004eafe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/swprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*swprintf.c - print formatted to string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines _swprintf(), _swprintf_c and _snwprintf() - print formatted data
+*       to string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/***
+*ifndef _COUNT_
+*int _swprintf(string, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*else
+*ifndef _SWPRINTFS_ERROR_RETURN_FIX
+*int _snwprintf(string, cnt, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*else
+*int _swprintf_c(string, cnt, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*endif
+*endif
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Prints formatted data to the using the format string to
+*       format data and getting as many arguments as called for
+*       Sets up a FILE so file i/o operations can be used, make
+*       string look like a huge buffer to it, but _flsbuf will
+*       refuse to flush it if it fills up.  Appends '\0' to make
+*       it a true string. _output does the real work here
+*
+*       Allocate the 'fake' _iob[] entry statically instead of on
+*       the stack so that other routines can assume that _iob[]
+*       entries are in are in DGROUP and, thus, are near.
+*
+*       We alias swprintf to _swprintf
+*
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*ifndef _SWPRINTFS_ERROR_RETURN_FIX
+*       The _snwprintf() flavor takes a count argument that is
+*       the max number of wide characters that should be written to the
+*       user's buffer.
+*       We don't expose this function directly in the headers.
+*else
+*       The _swprintf_c() flavor does the same thing as the _snwprintf
+*       above, but, it also fixes a issue in the return value in the case
+*       when there isn't enough space to write the null terminator
+*       We don't fix this issue in _snwprintf because of backward
+*       compatibility. In new code, however, _snwprintf is #defined to
+*       _swprintf_c so users get the fix.
+*
+*endif
+*
+*       Multi-thread: (1) Since there is no stream, this routine must
+*       never try to get the stream lock (i.e., there is no stream
+*       lock either). (2) Also, since there is only one statically
+*       allocated 'fake' iob, we must lock/unlock to prevent collisions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       wchar_t *string - pointer to place to put output
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       size_t count - max number of wide characters to put in buffer
+*endif
+*       wchar_t *format - format string to control data format/number
+*       of arguments followed by list of arguments, number and type
+*       controlled by format string
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of wide characters printed
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl swprintf_s (
+        wchar_t *string,
+        size_t sizeInWords,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+    int ret;
+    va_list arglist;
+
+    va_start(arglist, format);
+
+    ret = _vswprintf_s(string, sizeInWords, format, arglist);
+
+    va_end(arglist);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _snwprintf_s (
+        wchar_t *string,
+        size_t sizeInWords,
+        size_t count,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        ...
+        )
+{
+    int ret;
+    va_list arglist;
+
+    va_start(arglist, format);
+
+    ret = _vsnwprintf_s(string, sizeInWords, count, format, arglist);
+
+    va_end(arglist);
+
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscat_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscat_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b6fefdc0ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscat_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tcscat_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for strcat_s and its variants.
+*
+****/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC)
+{
+    _CHAR *p;
+    size_t available;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
+
+    p = _DEST;
+    available = _SIZE;
+    while (available > 0 && *p != 0)
+    {
+        p++;
+        available--;
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+
+    while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+    _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscpy_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscpy_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b1192d8ee7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcscpy_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tcscpy_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for strcpy_s and its variants.
+*
+****/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC)
+{
+    _CHAR *p;
+    size_t available;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
+
+    p = _DEST;
+    available = _SIZE;
+    while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+    _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncat_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncat_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6de501767d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncat_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tcsncat_s.inl - general implementation of _tcscpy_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for strncat_s and its variants.
+*
+****/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC, size_t _COUNT)
+{
+    _CHAR *p;
+    size_t available;
+
+    if (_COUNT == 0 && _DEST == NULL && _SIZE == 0)
+    {
+        /* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
+        _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    if (_COUNT != 0)
+    {
+        _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+
+    p = _DEST;
+    available = _SIZE;
+    while (available > 0 && *p != 0)
+    {
+        p++;
+        available--;
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_DEST_NOT_NULL_TERMINATED(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+
+    if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
+    {
+        while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _ASSERT_EXPR((!_CrtGetCheckCount() || _COUNT < available), "Buffer is too small");
+
+        while (_COUNT > 0 && (*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
+        {
+            _COUNT--;
+        }
+        if (_COUNT == 0)
+        {
+            *p = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
+        {
+            _DEST[_SIZE - 1] = 0;
+            _RETURN_TRUNCATE;
+        }
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+    _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncpy_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncpy_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54a79a03e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcsncpy_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tcsncpy_s.inl - general implementation of _tcsncpy_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for strncpy_s and its variants.
+*
+****/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_DEST, size_t _SIZE, const _CHAR *_SRC, size_t _COUNT)
+{
+    _CHAR *p;
+    size_t available;
+
+    if (_COUNT == 0 && _DEST == NULL && _SIZE == 0)
+    {
+        /* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
+        _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    if (_COUNT == 0)
+    {
+        /* notice that the source string pointer can be NULL in this case */
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_RESET_STRING(_SRC, _DEST, _SIZE);
+
+    p = _DEST;
+    available = _SIZE;
+    if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
+    {
+        while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0)
+        {
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _ASSERT_EXPR((!_CrtGetCheckCount() || _COUNT < _SIZE), "Buffer is too small");
+
+        while ((*p++ = *_SRC++) != 0 && --available > 0 && --_COUNT > 0)
+        {
+        }
+        if (_COUNT == 0)
+        {
+            *p = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (available == 0)
+    {
+        if (_COUNT == _TRUNCATE)
+        {
+            _DEST[_SIZE - 1] = 0;
+            _RETURN_TRUNCATE;
+        }
+        _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+        _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    }
+    _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, _SIZE - available + 1);
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcstok_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcstok_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..29ca5c6858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tcstok_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tcstok_s.inl - general implementation of _tcstok_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for strtok_s and its variants.
+*
+****/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+_CHAR * __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(_CHAR *_String, const _CHAR *_Control, _CHAR **_Context)
+{
+    _CHAR *token;
+    const _CHAR *ctl;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Context, EINVAL, NULL);
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER_ERROR_RETURN(_Control, EINVAL, NULL);
+    _VALIDATE_CONDITION_ERROR_RETURN(_String != NULL || *_Context != NULL, EINVAL, NULL);
+
+    /* If string==NULL, continue with previous string */
+    if (!_String)
+    {
+        _String = *_Context;
+    }
+
+    /* Find beginning of token (skip over leading delimiters). Note that
+    * there is no token iff this loop sets string to point to the terminal null. */
+    for ( ; *_String != 0 ; _String++)
+    {
+        for (ctl = _Control; *ctl != 0 && *ctl != *_String; ctl++)
+            ;
+        if (*ctl == 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    token = _String;
+
+    /* Find the end of the token. If it is not the end of the string,
+    * put a null there. */
+    for ( ; *_String != 0 ; _String++)
+    {
+        for (ctl = _Control; *ctl != 0 && *ctl != *_String; ctl++)
+            ;
+        if (*ctl != 0)
+        {
+            *_String++ = 0;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Update the context */
+    *_Context = _String;
+
+    /* Determine if a token has been found. */
+    if (token == _String)
+    {
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        return token;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tmakepath_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tmakepath_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..34c4842c61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tmakepath_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tmakepath_s.inl - general implementation of _tmakepath_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for _makepath_s and its variants.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(__out_ecount_z(_SIZE) _CHAR *_DEST, __in_opt size_t _SIZE, __in_z_opt const _CHAR *_Drive, __in_z_opt const _CHAR *_Dir, __in_z_opt const _CHAR *_Filename, __in_z_opt const _CHAR *_Ext)
+{
+    size_t written;
+    const _CHAR *p;
+    _CHAR *d;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+
+    /* copy drive */
+    written = 0;
+    d = _DEST;
+    if (_Drive != NULL && *_Drive != 0)
+    {
+        written += 2;
+        if(written >= _SIZE)
+        {
+            goto error_return;
+        }
+        *d++ = *_Drive;
+        *d++ = _T(':');
+    }
+
+    /* copy dir */
+    p = _Dir;
+    if (p != NULL && *p != 0)
+    {
+        do {
+            if(++written >= _SIZE)
+            {
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+            *d++ = *p++;
+        } while (*p != 0);
+
+#if _MBS_SUPPORT
+        p = _MBSDEC(_Dir, p);
+#else  /* _MBS_SUPPORT */
+        p = p - 1;
+#endif  /* _MBS_SUPPORT */
+        if (*p != _T('/') && *p != _T('\\'))
+        {
+            if(++written >= _SIZE)
+            {
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+            *d++ = _T('\\');
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* copy fname */
+    p = _Filename;
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+        while (*p != 0)
+        {
+            if(++written >= _SIZE)
+            {
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+            *d++ = *p++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* copy extension; check to see if a '.' needs to be inserted */
+    p = _Ext;
+    if (p != NULL)
+    {
+        if (*p != 0 && *p != _T('.'))
+        {
+            if(++written >= _SIZE)
+            {
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+            *d++ = _T('.');
+        }
+        while (*p != 0)
+        {
+            if(++written >= _SIZE)
+            {
+                goto error_return;
+            }
+            *d++ = *p++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(++written > _SIZE)
+    {
+        goto error_return;
+    }
+    *d = 0;
+    _FILL_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE, written);
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+
+error_return:
+    _RESET_STRING(_DEST, _SIZE);
+    _RETURN_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL(_DEST, _SIZE);
+
+    /* should never happen, but compiler can't tell */
+    return EINVAL;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/tsplitpath_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tsplitpath_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3a14fa5900
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/tsplitpath_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*tsplitpath_s.inl - general implementation of _tsplitpath_s
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       This file contains the general algorithm for _splitpath_s and its variants.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+_FUNC_PROLOGUE
+errno_t __cdecl _FUNC_NAME(
+    __in_z const _CHAR *_Path,
+    __out_ecount_z_opt(_DriveSize) _CHAR *_Drive, __in size_t _DriveSize,
+    __out_ecount_z_opt(_DirSize) _CHAR *_Dir, __in size_t _DirSize,
+    __out_ecount_z_opt(_FilenameSize) _CHAR *_Filename, __in size_t _FilenameSize,
+    __out_ecount_z_opt(_ExtSize) _CHAR *_Ext, __in size_t _ExtSize
+)
+{
+    const _CHAR *tmp;
+    const _CHAR *last_slash;
+    const _CHAR *dot;
+    int drive_set = 0;
+    size_t length = 0;
+    int bEinval = 0;
+	
+    /* validation section */
+    if (_Path == NULL)
+    {
+        goto error_einval;
+    }
+    if ((_Drive == NULL && _DriveSize != 0) || (_Drive != NULL && _DriveSize == 0))
+    {
+        goto error_einval;
+    }
+    if ((_Dir == NULL && _DirSize != 0) || (_Dir != NULL && _DirSize == 0))
+    {
+        goto error_einval;
+    }
+    if ((_Filename == NULL && _FilenameSize != 0) || (_Filename != NULL && _FilenameSize == 0))
+    {
+        goto error_einval;
+    }
+    if ((_Ext == NULL && _ExtSize != 0) || (_Ext != NULL && _ExtSize == 0))
+    {
+        goto error_einval;
+    }
+
+    /* check if _Path begins with the longpath prefix */
+    if (_Path[0] == _T('\\') && _Path[1] == _T('\\') && _Path[2] == _T('?') && _Path[3] == _T('\\'))
+    {
+        _Path += 4;
+    }
+
+    /* extract drive letter and ':', if any */
+    if (!drive_set)
+    {
+// The CorUnix PAL is never built on Windows and thus, the code below
+// for the drive check is not required.
+#if 0
+        size_t skip = _MAX_DRIVE - 2;
+        tmp = _Path;
+        while (skip > 0 && *tmp != 0)
+        {
+            skip--;
+            tmp++;
+        }
+        if (*tmp == _T(':'))
+        {
+            if (_Drive != NULL)
+            {
+                if (_DriveSize < _MAX_DRIVE)
+                {
+                    goto error_erange;
+                }
+                _TCSNCPY_S(_Drive, _DriveSize, _Path, _MAX_DRIVE - 1);
+            }
+            _Path = tmp + 1;
+        }
+        else
+#endif
+        {
+            if (_Drive != NULL)
+            {
+                _RESET_STRING(_Drive, _DriveSize);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* extract path string, if any. _Path now points to the first character
+     * of the path, if any, or the filename or extension, if no path was
+     * specified.  Scan ahead for the last occurence, if any, of a '/' or
+     * '\' path separator character.  If none is found, there is no path.
+     * We will also note the last '.' character found, if any, to aid in
+     * handling the extension.
+     */
+    last_slash = NULL;
+    dot = NULL;
+    tmp = _Path;
+    for (; *tmp != 0; ++tmp)
+    {
+#if _MBS_SUPPORT
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4127)
+        if (_ISMBBLEAD(*tmp))
+#pragma warning(pop)
+        {
+            tmp++;
+        }
+        else
+#endif  /* _MBS_SUPPORT */
+        {
+            if (*tmp == _T('/') || *tmp == _T('\\'))
+            {
+                /* point to one beyond for later copy */
+                last_slash = tmp + 1;
+            }
+            else if (*tmp == _T('.'))
+            {
+                dot = tmp;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (last_slash != NULL)
+    {
+        /* found a path - copy up through last_slash or max characters
+         * allowed, whichever is smaller
+         */
+        if (_Dir != NULL) {
+            length = (size_t)(last_slash - _Path);
+            if (_DirSize <= length)
+            {
+                goto error_erange;
+            }
+            _TCSNCPY_S(_Dir, _DirSize, _Path, length);
+			
+            // Normalize the path seperator
+            int iIndex;
+            for(iIndex = 0; iIndex < length; iIndex++)
+            {
+                if (_Dir[iIndex] == _T('\\'))
+                {
+                    _Dir[iIndex] = _T('/');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        _Path = last_slash;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* there is no path */
+        if (_Dir != NULL)
+        {
+            _RESET_STRING(_Dir, _DirSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* extract file name and extension, if any.  Path now points to the
+     * first character of the file name, if any, or the extension if no
+     * file name was given.  Dot points to the '.' beginning the extension,
+     * if any.
+     */
+    if (dot != NULL && (dot >= _Path))
+    {
+		/* found the marker for an extension - copy the file name up to the '.' */
+        if (_Filename)
+        {
+            length = (size_t)(dot - _Path);
+            if (length == 0)
+            {
+                // At this time, dot will be equal to _Path if string is something like "/."
+                // since _path was set to last_slash, which in turn, was set to "tmp +1"
+                // where "tmp" is the location where "/" was found. See code above for
+                // clarification.
+                //
+                // For such cases, return the "." in filename buffer.
+                //
+                // Thus, if the length is zero, we know its a string like "/." and thus, we
+                // set length to 1 to get the "." in filename buffer.
+                length = 1;
+            }
+			
+            if (_FilenameSize <= length)
+            {
+                goto error_erange;
+            }
+            _TCSNCPY_S(_Filename, _FilenameSize, _Path, length);
+        }
+
+        /* now we can get the extension - remember that tmp still points
+         * to the terminating NULL character of path.
+         */
+        if (_Ext)
+        {
+            // At this time, _Path is pointing to the character after the last slash found.
+            // (See comments and code above for clarification).
+            //
+            // Returns extension as empty string for strings like "/.". 
+            if (dot > _Path)
+            {
+                length = (size_t)(tmp - dot);
+                if (_ExtSize <= length)
+                {
+                     goto error_erange;
+                }
+                
+                /* Since dot pointed to the ".", make sure we actually have an extension
+                like ".cmd" and not just ".", OR
+                
+                Confirm that its a string like "/.." - for this, return the
+                second "." in the extension part.
+                
+                However, for strings like "/myfile.", return empty string
+                in extension buffer.
+                */
+                int fIsDir = (*(dot-1) == _T('.'))?1:0;
+                if (length > 1 || (length == 1 && fIsDir == 1))
+                    _TCSNCPY_S(_Ext, _ExtSize, dot, length);
+                else
+                    _RESET_STRING(_Ext, _ExtSize);
+            }
+            else
+                _RESET_STRING(_Ext, _ExtSize);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* found no extension, give empty extension and copy rest of
+         * string into fname.
+         */
+        if (_Filename)
+        {
+            length = (size_t)(tmp - _Path);
+            if (_FilenameSize <= length)
+            {
+                goto error_erange;
+            }
+            _TCSNCPY_S(_Filename, _FilenameSize, _Path, length);
+        }
+        if (_Ext)
+        {
+            _RESET_STRING(_Ext, _ExtSize);
+        }
+    }
+
+    _RETURN_NO_ERROR;
+
+error_einval:
+    bEinval = 1;
+
+error_erange:
+    if (_Drive != NULL && _DriveSize > 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_Drive, _DriveSize);
+    }
+    if (_Dir != NULL && _DirSize > 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_Dir, _DirSize);
+    }
+    if (_Filename != NULL && _FilenameSize > 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_Filename, _FilenameSize);
+    }
+    if (_Ext != NULL && _ExtSize > 0)
+    {
+        _RESET_STRING(_Ext, _ExtSize);
+    }
+
+    _VALIDATE_POINTER(_Path);
+    if (bEinval)
+    {
+        _RETURN_EINVAL;
+    }
+    return (errno = ERANGE);
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/vsprintf.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/vsprintf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4f2bd9fdeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/vsprintf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*vsprintf.c - print formatted data into a string from var arg list
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines vsprintf(), _vsnprintf() and _vsnprintf_s() - print formatted output to
+*       a string, get the data from an argument ptr instead of explicit
+*       arguments.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+typedef int (*OUTPUTFN)(miniFILE *, const char *, va_list);
+
+static int _vsnprintf_helper( OUTPUTFN outfn, char *string, size_t count, const char *format, va_list ap );
+static int _vscprintf_helper ( OUTPUTFN outfn, const char *format, va_list ap);
+
+/***
+*ifndef _COUNT_
+*int vsprintf(string, format, ap) - print formatted data to string from arg ptr
+*else
+*int _vsnprintf(string, cnt, format, ap) - print formatted data to string from arg ptr
+*endif
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Prints formatted data, but to a string and gets data from an argument
+*       pointer.
+*       Sets up a FILE so file i/o operations can be used, make string look
+*       like a huge buffer to it, but _flsbuf will refuse to flush it if it
+*       fills up. Appends '\0' to make it a true string.
+*
+*       Allocate the 'fake' _iob[] entryit statically instead of on
+*       the stack so that other routines can assume that _iob[] entries are in
+*       are in DGROUP and, thus, are near.
+*
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       The _vsnprintf() flavor takes a count argument that is
+*       the max number of bytes that should be written to the
+*       user's buffer.
+*endif
+*
+*       Multi-thread: (1) Since there is no stream, this routine must never try
+*       to get the stream lock (i.e., there is no stream lock either).  (2)
+*       Also, since there is only one staticly allocated 'fake' iob, we must
+*       lock/unlock to prevent collisions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       char *string - place to put destination string
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       size_t count - max number of bytes to put in buffer
+*endif
+*       char *format - format string, describes format of data
+*       va_list ap - varargs argument pointer
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of characters in string
+*       returns -2 if the string has been truncated (only in _vsnprintf_helper)
+*       returns -1 in other error cases
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl _vsnprintf_helper (
+        OUTPUTFN outfn,
+        char *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *outfile = &str;
+        int retval;
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (count == 0) || (string != NULL), EINVAL, -1 );
+
+        if(count>INT_MAX)
+        {
+            /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+            outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            outfile->_cnt = (int)count;
+        }
+
+        outfile->_flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
+        outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = string;
+
+        retval = outfn(outfile, format, ap );
+
+        if ( string==NULL)
+            return(retval);
+
+        if((retval >= 0) && (_putc_nolock('\0',outfile) != EOF))
+            return(retval);
+
+        string[count - 1] = 0;
+
+        if (outfile->_cnt < 0)
+        {
+            /* the buffer was too small; we return -2 to indicate truncation */
+            return -2;
+        }
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vsprintf_s (
+        char *string,
+        size_t sizeInBytes,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+    int retvalue = -1;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(format != NULL, EINVAL, -1);
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(string != NULL && sizeInBytes > 0, EINVAL, -1);
+
+    retvalue = _vsnprintf_helper(_output_s, string, sizeInBytes, format, ap);
+    if (retvalue < 0)
+    {
+        string[0] = 0;
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInBytes, 1);
+    }
+    if (retvalue == -2)
+    {
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Buffer too small" && 0), ERANGE, -1);
+    }
+    if (retvalue >= 0)
+    {
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInBytes, retvalue + 1);
+    }
+
+    return retvalue;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vsnprintf_s (
+        char *string,
+        size_t sizeInBytes,
+        size_t count,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+    int retvalue = -1;
+    errno_t save_errno = 0;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(format != NULL, EINVAL, -1);
+    if (count == 0 && string == NULL && sizeInBytes == 0)
+    {
+        /* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
+        return 0;
+    }
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(string != NULL && sizeInBytes > 0, EINVAL, -1);
+
+    if (sizeInBytes > count)
+    {
+        save_errno = errno;
+        retvalue = _vsnprintf_helper(_output_s, string, count + 1, format, ap);
+        if (retvalue == -2)
+        {
+            /* the string has been truncated, return -1 */
+            _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInBytes, count + 1);
+            if (errno == ERANGE)
+            {
+                errno = save_errno;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* sizeInBytes <= count */
+    {
+        save_errno = errno;
+        retvalue = _vsnprintf_helper(_output_s, string, sizeInBytes, format, ap);
+        string[sizeInBytes - 1] = 0;
+        /* we allow truncation if count == _TRUNCATE */
+        if (retvalue == -2 && count == _TRUNCATE)
+        {
+            if (errno == ERANGE)
+            {
+                errno = save_errno;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (retvalue < 0)
+    {
+        string[0] = 0;
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInBytes, 1);
+        if (retvalue == -2)
+        {
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Buffer too small" && 0), ERANGE, -1);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInBytes, retvalue + 1);
+
+    return (retvalue < 0 ? -1 : retvalue);
+}
+
+/***
+* _vscprintf() - counts the number of character needed to print the formatted
+* data
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Counts the number of characters in the fotmatted data.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       char *format - format string, describes format of data
+*       va_list ap - varargs argument pointer
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of characters needed to print formatted data.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _COUNT_
+
+int __cdecl _vscprintf_helper (
+        OUTPUTFN outfn,
+        const char *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *outfile = &str;
+        int retval;
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+        outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX; //MAXSTR;
+        outfile->_flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
+        outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = NULL;
+
+        retval = outfn(outfile, format, ap);
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vscprintf (
+        const char *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        return _vscprintf_helper(_output, format, ap);
+}
+
+#endif  /* _COUNT_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/vswprint.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/vswprint.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..77c79b8752
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/vswprint.c
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*vswprint.c - print formatted data into a string from var arg list
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       defines vswprintf(), _vswprintf_c and _vsnwprintf() - print formatted output to
+*       a string, get the data from an argument ptr instead of explicit
+*       arguments.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+typedef int (*WOUTPUTFN)(miniFILE *, const wchar_t *, va_list);
+
+static int _vswprintf_helper( WOUTPUTFN outfn, wchar_t *string, size_t count, const wchar_t *format, va_list ap );
+static int _vscwprintf_helper (WOUTPUTFN outfn, const wchar_t *format, va_list ap );
+
+/***
+*ifndef _COUNT_
+*int _vswprintf(string, format, ap) - print formatted data to string from arg ptr
+*else
+*ifndef _SWPRINTFS_ERROR_RETURN_FIX
+*int _vsnwprintf(string, cnt, format, ap) - print formatted data to string from arg ptr
+*else
+*int _vswprintf_c(string, cnt, format, ...) - print formatted data to string
+*endif
+*endif
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Prints formatted data, but to a string and gets data from an argument
+*       pointer.
+*       Sets up a FILE so file i/o operations can be used, make string look
+*       like a huge buffer to it, but _flsbuf will refuse to flush it if it
+*       fills up. Appends '\0' to make it a true string.
+*
+*       Allocate the 'fake' _iob[] entryit statically instead of on
+*       the stack so that other routines can assume that _iob[] entries are in
+*       are in DGROUP and, thus, are near.
+*
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*ifndef _SWPRINTFS_ERROR_RETURN_FIX
+*       The _vsnwprintf() flavor takes a count argument that is
+*       the max number of bytes that should be written to the
+*       user's buffer.
+*       We don't expose this function directly in the headers.
+*else
+*       The _vswprintf_c() flavor does the same thing as the _snwprintf
+*       above, but, it also fixes an issue in the return value in the case
+*       when there isn't enough space to write the null terminator
+*       We don't fix this issue in _vsnwprintf because of backward
+*       compatibility. In new code, however, _vsnwprintf is #defined to
+*       _vswprintf_c so users get the fix.
+*
+*endif
+*
+*       Multi-thread: (1) Since there is no stream, this routine must never try
+*       to get the stream lock (i.e., there is no stream lock either).  (2)
+*       Also, since there is only one statically allocated 'fake' iob, we must
+*       lock/unlock to prevent collisions.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       wchar_t *string - place to put destination string
+*ifdef _COUNT_
+*       size_t count - max number of bytes to put in buffer
+*endif
+*       wchar_t *format - format string, describes format of data
+*       va_list ap - varargs argument pointer
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of wide characters in string
+*       returns -2 if the string has been truncated (only in _vsnprintf_helper)
+*       returns -1 in other error cases
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+int __cdecl _vswprintf_helper (
+        WOUTPUTFN woutfn,
+        wchar_t *string,
+        size_t count,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *outfile = &str;
+        int retval;
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (count == 0) || (string != NULL), EINVAL, -1 );
+
+        outfile->_flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
+        outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = (char *) string;
+
+        if(count>(INT_MAX/sizeof(wchar_t)))
+        {
+           /* old-style functions allow any large value to mean unbounded */
+           outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            outfile->_cnt = (int)(count*sizeof(wchar_t));
+        }
+
+        retval = woutfn(outfile, format, ap );
+
+        if(string==NULL)
+        {
+            return retval;
+        }
+
+        if((retval >= 0) && (_putc_nolock('\0',outfile) != EOF) && (_putc_nolock('\0',outfile) != EOF))
+            return(retval);
+
+        string[count - 1] = 0;
+        if (outfile->_cnt < 0)
+        {
+            /* the buffer was too small; we return -2 to indicate truncation */
+            return -2;
+        }
+        return -1;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vswprintf_s (
+        wchar_t *string,
+        size_t sizeInWords,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+    int retvalue = -1;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(format != NULL, EINVAL, -1);
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(string != NULL && sizeInWords > 0, EINVAL, -1);
+
+    retvalue = _vswprintf_helper(_woutput_s, string, sizeInWords, format, ap);
+    if (retvalue < 0)
+    {
+        string[0] = 0;
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInWords, 1);
+    }
+    if (retvalue == -2)
+    {
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Buffer too small" && 0), ERANGE, -1);
+    }
+    if (retvalue >= 0)
+    {
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInWords, retvalue + 1);
+    }
+
+    return retvalue;
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vsnwprintf_s (
+        wchar_t *string,
+        size_t sizeInWords,
+        size_t count,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+    int retvalue = -1;
+    errno_t save_errno = 0;
+
+    /* validation section */
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(format != NULL, EINVAL, -1);
+    if (count == 0 && string == NULL && sizeInWords == 0)
+    {
+        /* this case is allowed; nothing to do */
+        return 0;
+    }
+    _VALIDATE_RETURN(string != NULL && sizeInWords > 0, EINVAL, -1);
+
+    if (sizeInWords > count)
+    {
+        save_errno = errno;
+        retvalue = _vswprintf_helper(_woutput_s, string, count + 1, format, ap);
+        if (retvalue == -2)
+        {
+            /* the string has been truncated, return -1 */
+            _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInWords, count + 1);
+            if (errno == ERANGE)
+            {
+                errno = save_errno;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    else /* sizeInWords <= count */
+    {
+        save_errno = errno;
+        retvalue = _vswprintf_helper(_woutput_s, string, sizeInWords, format, ap);
+        string[sizeInWords - 1] = 0;
+        /* we allow truncation if count == _TRUNCATE */
+        if (retvalue == -2 && count == _TRUNCATE)
+        {
+            if (errno == ERANGE)
+            {
+                errno = save_errno;
+            }
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (retvalue < 0)
+    {
+        string[0] = 0;
+        _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInWords, 1);
+        if (retvalue == -2)
+        {
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN(("Buffer too small" && 0), ERANGE, -1);
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    _SECURECRT__FILL_STRING(string, sizeInWords, retvalue + 1);
+
+    return (retvalue < 0 ? -1 : retvalue);
+}
+
+/***
+* _vscwprintf() - counts the number of character needed to print the formatted
+* data
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Counts the number of characters in the fotmatted data.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       wchar_t *format - format string, describes format of data
+*       va_list ap - varargs argument pointer
+*
+*Exit:
+*       returns number of characters needed to print formatted data.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _COUNT_
+
+int __cdecl _vscwprintf_helper (
+        WOUTPUTFN woutfn,
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        miniFILE str;
+        miniFILE *outfile = &str;
+        int retval;
+
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN( (format != NULL), EINVAL, -1);
+
+        outfile->_cnt = INT_MAX; //MAXSTR;
+        outfile->_flag = _IOWRT|_IOSTRG;
+        outfile->_ptr = outfile->_base = NULL;
+
+        retval = woutfn(outfile, format, ap);
+        return(retval);
+}
+
+int __cdecl _vscwprintf (
+        const wchar_t *format,
+        va_list ap
+        )
+{
+        return _vscwprintf_helper(_woutput_s, format, ap);
+}
+
+#endif  /* _COUNT_ */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscat_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscat_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06179888ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscat_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wcscat_s.c - contains wcscat_s()
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   wcscat_s() appends one wchar_t string onto another.
+*
+*   wcscat() concatenates (appends) a copy of the source string to the
+*   end of the destination string.
+*   Strings are wide-character strings.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME wcscat_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInBytes
+#define _SRC _Src
+
+#include "tcscat_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscpy_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscpy_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4c60a81489
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcscpy_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strcpy_s.c - contains wcscpy_s()
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   wcscpy_s() copies one string onto another.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME wcscpy_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInWords
+#define _SRC _Src
+
+#include "tcscpy_s.inl"
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcslen_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcslen_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4fd5371035
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcslen_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wcslen_s.c - contains wcsnlen() routine
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   wcslen returns the length of a null-terminated wide-character string,
+*   not including the null wchar_t itself.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+/***
+*wcsnlen - return the length of a null-terminated wide-character string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   Finds the length in bytes of the given string, not including
+*   the final null character. Only the first maxsize characters
+*   are inspected: if the null character is not found, maxsize is
+*   returned.
+*
+*Entry:
+*   const wchar_t * wcs - string whose length is to be computed
+*   size_t maxsize
+*
+*Exit:
+*   Length of the string "wcs", exclusive of the final null byte, or
+*   maxsize if the null character is not found.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+size_t __cdecl wcsnlen(const wchar_t *wcs, size_t maxsize)
+{
+    size_t n;
+
+    /* Note that we do not check if s == NULL, because we do not
+     * return errno_t...
+     */
+
+    for (n = 0; n < maxsize && *wcs; n++, wcs++)
+        ;
+
+    return n;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncat_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncat_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..1ff39d55f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncat_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wcsncat_s.c - append n chars of string to new string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines wcsncat_s() - appends n characters of string onto
+*   end of other string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME wcsncat_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInWords
+#define _SRC _Src
+#define _COUNT _Count
+
+#include "tcsncat_s.inl"
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncpy_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncpy_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7902ded43a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcsncpy_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wcsncpy_s.c - copy at most n characters of wide-character string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines wcsncpy_s() - copy at most n characters of wchar_t string
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER 1
+#define _SECURECRT_FILL_BUFFER_THRESHOLD ((size_t)8)
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME wcsncpy_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInWords
+#define _SRC _Src
+#define _COUNT _Count
+
+#include "tcsncpy_s.inl"
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcstok_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcstok_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c99b30c773
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wcstok_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wcstok_s.c - tokenize a wide-character string with given delimiters
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines wcstok_s() - breaks wide-character string into series of token
+*   via repeated calls.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME wcstok_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+
+#include "tcstok_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wmakepath_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wmakepath_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..35ab7d386e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wmakepath_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wmakepath_s.c - create path name from components
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   To provide support for creation of full path names from components
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME _wmakepath_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _DEST _Dst
+#define _SIZE _SizeInWords
+#define _T(_Character) L##_Character
+#define _MBS_SUPPORT 0
+
+#include "tmakepath_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/wsplitpath_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wsplitpath_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..c7fb107803
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/wsplitpath_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*wsplitpath_s.c - break down path name into components
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   To provide support for accessing the individual components of an
+*   arbitrary path name
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _FUNC_PROLOGUE
+#define _FUNC_NAME _wsplitpath_s
+#define _CHAR wchar_t
+#define _TCSNCPY_S wcsncpy_s
+#define _T(_Character) L##_Character
+#define _MBS_SUPPORT 0
+
+#include "tsplitpath_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtoa_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtoa_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42cc5786d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtoa_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strtok_s.c - tokenize a string with given delimiters
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines strtok_s() - breaks string into series of token
+*   via repeated calls.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+//#define __int64 long long
+
+#define _SECURE_ITOA
+
+#define TCHAR char
+#define _T(x)       x
+#include "xtox_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtow_s.c b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtow_s.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7a02424c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtow_s.c
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*strtok_s.c - tokenize a string with given delimiters
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*   defines strtok_s() - breaks string into series of token
+*   via repeated calls.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#include <string.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include "internal_securecrt.h"
+
+#include "mbusafecrt_internal.h"
+
+#define _SECURE_ITOA
+
+#define _UNICODE
+#define TCHAR wchar_t
+#define _T(x)       L##x
+#include "xtox_s.inl"
diff --git a/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtox_s.inl b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtox_s.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..e07d87adf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/safecrt/xtox_s.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/***
+*xtoa.c - convert integers/longs to ASCII string
+*
+
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       The module has code to convert integers/longs to ASCII strings.  See
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef _UNICODE
+#define xtox_s     xtow_s
+#define _itox_s    _itow_s
+#define _ltox_s    _ltow_s
+#define _ultox_s   _ultow_s
+#define x64tox_s   x64tow_s
+#define _i64tox_s  _i64tow_s
+#define _ui64tox_s _ui64tow_s
+#define xtox       xtow
+#define _itox      _itow
+#define _ltox      _ltow
+#define _ultox     _ultow
+#define x64tox     x64tow
+#define _i64tox    _i64tow
+#define _ui64tox   _ui64tow
+#else  /* _UNICODE */
+#define xtox_s     xtoa_s
+#define _itox_s    _itoa_s
+#define _ltox_s    _ltoa_s
+#define _ultox_s   _ultoa_s
+#define x64tox_s   x64toa_s
+#define _i64tox_s  _i64toa_s
+#define _ui64tox_s _ui64toa_s
+#define xtox       xtoa
+#define _itox      _itoa
+#define _ltox      _ltoa
+#define _ultox     _ultoa
+#define x64tox     x64toa
+#define _i64tox    _i64toa
+#define _ui64tox   _ui64toa
+#endif  /* _UNICODE */
+
+/***
+*char *_itoa_s, *_ltoa_s, *_ultoa_s(val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix) - convert binary int to ASCII
+*       string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Converts an int to a character string.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       val - number to be converted (int, long or unsigned long)
+*       char *buf - ptr to buffer to place result
+*       size_t sizeInTChars - size of the destination buffer
+*       int radix - base to convert into
+*
+*Exit:
+*       Fills in space pointed to by buf with string result.
+*       Returns the errno_t: err != 0 means that something went wrong, and
+*       an empty string (buf[0] = 0) is returned.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*           Input parameters and buffer length are validated.
+*       Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+/* helper routine that does the main job. */
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+static errno_t __stdcall xtox_s
+        (
+        unsigned long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        unsigned radix,
+        int is_neg
+        )
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+static void __stdcall xtox
+        (
+        unsigned long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        unsigned radix,
+        int is_neg
+        )
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+{
+        TCHAR *p;                /* pointer to traverse string */
+        TCHAR *firstdig;         /* pointer to first digit */
+        TCHAR temp;              /* temp char */
+        unsigned digval;         /* value of digit */
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+        size_t length;           /* current length of the string */
+
+        /* validation section */
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(buf != NULL, EINVAL);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInTChars > 0, EINVAL);
+        _RESET_STRING(buf, sizeInTChars);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInTChars > (size_t)(is_neg ? 2 : 1), ERANGE);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(2 <= radix && radix <= 36, EINVAL);
+        length = 0;
+
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+        p = buf;
+
+        if (is_neg) {
+            /* negative, so output '-' and negate */
+            *p++ = _T('-');
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+            length++;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+            val = (unsigned long)(-(long)val);
+        }
+
+        firstdig = p;           /* save pointer to first digit */
+
+        do {
+            digval = (unsigned) (val % radix);
+            val /= radix;       /* get next digit */
+
+            /* convert to ascii and store */
+            if (digval > 9)
+                *p++ = (TCHAR) (digval - 10 + _T('a'));  /* a letter */
+            else
+                *p++ = (TCHAR) (digval + _T('0'));       /* a digit */
+#ifndef _SECURE_ITOA
+        } while (val > 0);
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+            length++;
+        } while (val > 0 && length < sizeInTChars);
+
+        /* Check for buffer overrun */
+        if (length >= sizeInTChars)
+        {
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(length < sizeInTChars, ERANGE);
+        }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+        /* We now have the digit of the number in the buffer, but in reverse
+           order.  Thus we reverse them now. */
+
+        *p-- = _T('\0');            /* terminate string; p points to last digit */
+
+        do {
+            temp = *p;
+            *p = *firstdig;
+            *firstdig = temp;   /* swap *p and *firstdig */
+            --p;
+            ++firstdig;         /* advance to next two digits */
+        } while (firstdig < p); /* repeat until halfway */
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+        return 0;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+}
+
+/* Actual functions just call conversion helper with neg flag set correctly,
+   and return pointer to buffer. */
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+errno_t __cdecl _itox_s (
+        int val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        errno_t e = 0;
+
+        if (radix == 10 && val < 0)
+            e = xtox_s((unsigned long)val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, 1);
+        else
+            e = xtox_s((unsigned long)(unsigned int)val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, 0);
+
+        return e;
+}
+
+errno_t __cdecl _ltox_s (
+        long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        return xtox_s((unsigned long)val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, (radix == 10 && val < 0));
+}
+
+errno_t __cdecl _ultox_s (
+        unsigned long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        return xtox_s(val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, 0);
+}
+
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+
+/***
+*char *_itoa, *_ltoa, *_ultoa(val, buf, radix) - convert binary int to ASCII
+*       string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Converts an int to a character string.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       val - number to be converted (int, long or unsigned long)
+*       int radix - base to convert into
+*       char *buf - ptr to buffer to place result
+*
+*Exit:
+*       fills in space pointed to by buf with string result
+*       returns a pointer to this buffer
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*           Input parameters are validated. The buffer is assumed to be big enough to
+*       contain the string. Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Actual functions just call conversion helper with neg flag set correctly,
+   and return pointer to buffer. */
+
+TCHAR * __cdecl _itox (
+        int val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        if (radix == 10 && val < 0)
+            xtox((unsigned long)val, buf, radix, 1);
+        else
+            xtox((unsigned long)(unsigned int)val, buf, radix, 0);
+        return buf;
+}
+
+TCHAR * __cdecl _ltox (
+        long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        xtox((unsigned long)val, buf, radix, (radix == 10 && val < 0));
+        return buf;
+}
+
+TCHAR * __cdecl _ultox (
+        unsigned long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        xtox(val, buf, radix, 0);
+        return buf;
+}
+
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+
+#ifndef _NO_INT64
+
+/***
+*char *_i64toa_s(val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix) - convert binary int to ASCII
+*       string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Converts an int64 to a character string.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       val - number to be converted
+*       char *buf - ptr to buffer to place result
+*       size_t sizeInTChars - size of the destination buffer
+*       int radix - base to convert into
+*
+*Exit:
+*       Fills in space pointed to by buf with string result.
+*       Returns the errno_t: err != 0 means that something went wrong, and
+*       an empty string (buf[0] = 0) is returned.
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*       Input parameters and buffer length are validated.
+*       Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+static errno_t __fastcall x64tox_s
+        (/* stdcall is faster and smaller... Might as well use it for the helper. */
+        unsigned __int64 val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        unsigned radix,
+        int is_neg
+        )
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+static void __fastcall x64tox
+        (/* stdcall is faster and smaller... Might as well use it for the helper. */
+        unsigned __int64 val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        unsigned radix,
+        int is_neg
+        )
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+{
+        TCHAR *p;                /* pointer to traverse string */
+        TCHAR *firstdig;         /* pointer to first digit */
+        TCHAR temp;              /* temp char */
+        unsigned digval;         /* value of digit */
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+        size_t length;           /* current length of the string */
+
+        /* validation section */
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(buf != NULL, EINVAL);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInTChars > 0, EINVAL);
+        _RESET_STRING(buf, sizeInTChars);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(sizeInTChars > (size_t)(is_neg ? 2 : 1), ERANGE);
+        _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(2 <= radix && radix <= 36, EINVAL);
+        length = 0;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+        p = buf;
+
+        if ( is_neg )
+        {
+            *p++ = _T('-');         /* negative, so output '-' and negate */
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+            length++;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+            val = (unsigned __int64)(-(__int64)val);
+        }
+
+        firstdig = p;           /* save pointer to first digit */
+
+        do {
+            digval = (unsigned) (val % radix);
+            val /= radix;       /* get next digit */
+
+            /* convert to ascii and store */
+            if (digval > 9)
+                *p++ = (TCHAR) (digval - 10 + _T('a'));  /* a letter */
+            else
+                *p++ = (TCHAR) (digval + _T('0'));       /* a digit */
+
+#ifndef _SECURE_ITOA
+        } while (val > 0);
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+            length++;
+        } while (val > 0 && length < sizeInTChars);
+
+        /* Check for buffer overrun */
+        if (length >= sizeInTChars)
+        {
+            buf[0] = '\0';
+            _VALIDATE_RETURN_ERRCODE(length < sizeInTChars, ERANGE);
+        }
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+        /* We now have the digit of the number in the buffer, but in reverse
+           order.  Thus we reverse them now. */
+
+        *p-- = _T('\0');            /* terminate string; p points to last digit */
+
+        do {
+            temp = *p;
+            *p = *firstdig;
+            *firstdig = temp;   /* swap *p and *firstdig */
+            --p;
+            ++firstdig;         /* advance to next two digits */
+        } while (firstdig < p); /* repeat until halfway */
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+        return 0;
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+}
+
+#ifdef _SECURE_ITOA
+
+/* Actual functions just call conversion helper with neg flag set correctly,
+   and return pointer to buffer. */
+
+errno_t __cdecl _i64tox_s (
+        long long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        return x64tox_s((unsigned __int64)val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, (radix == 10 && val < 0));
+}
+
+errno_t __cdecl _ui64tox_s (
+        unsigned long long val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        size_t sizeInTChars,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        return x64tox_s(val, buf, sizeInTChars, radix, 0);
+}
+
+#else  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+
+/***
+*char *_i64toa(val, buf, radix) - convert binary int to ASCII
+*       string
+*
+*Purpose:
+*       Converts an int64 to a character string.
+*
+*Entry:
+*       val - number to be converted
+*       int radix - base to convert into
+*       char *buf - ptr to buffer to place result
+*
+*Exit:
+*       fills in space pointed to by buf with string result
+*       returns a pointer to this buffer
+*
+*Exceptions:
+*           Input parameters are validated. The buffer is assumed to be big enough to
+*       contain the string. Refer to the validation section of the function.
+*
+*******************************************************************************/
+
+/* Actual functions just call conversion helper with neg flag set correctly,
+   and return pointer to buffer. */
+
+TCHAR * __cdecl _i64tox (
+        __int64 val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        x64tox((unsigned __int64)val, buf, radix, (radix == 10 && val < 0));
+        return buf;
+}
+
+TCHAR * __cdecl _ui64tox (
+        unsigned __int64 val,
+        TCHAR *buf,
+        int radix
+        )
+{
+        x64tox(val, buf, radix, 0);
+        return buf;
+}
+
+#endif  /* _SECURE_ITOA */
+
+#endif  /* _NO_INT64 */
diff --git a/src/pal/src/sharedmemory/sharedmemory.cpp b/src/pal/src/sharedmemory/sharedmemory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..7f25cae49e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/sharedmemory/sharedmemory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1136 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+#include "pal/sharedmemory.h"
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SHMEM);
+
+#include "pal/sharedmemory.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AutoFreeBuffer
+
+AutoFreeBuffer::AutoFreeBuffer(void *buffer) : m_buffer(buffer), m_cancel(false)
+{
+}
+
+AutoFreeBuffer::~AutoFreeBuffer()
+{
+    if (!m_cancel && m_buffer != nullptr)
+    {
+        free(m_buffer);
+    }
+}
+
+void AutoFreeBuffer::Cancel()
+{
+    m_cancel = true;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemoryException
+
+SharedMemoryException::SharedMemoryException(DWORD errorCode) : m_errorCode(errorCode)
+{
+}
+
+DWORD SharedMemoryException::GetErrorCode() const
+{
+    return m_errorCode;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemoryHelpers
+
+const mode_t SharedMemoryHelpers::PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWrite =
+    S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IWGRP | S_IROTH | S_IWOTH;
+const mode_t SharedMemoryHelpers::PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute =
+    PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWrite | (S_IXUSR | S_IXGRP | S_IXOTH);
+const UINT32 SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidProcessId = static_cast<UINT32>(-1);
+const SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidThreadId = static_cast<SIZE_T>(-1);
+const UINT64 SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidSharedThreadId = static_cast<UINT64>(-1);
+
+void *SharedMemoryHelpers::Alloc(SIZE_T byteCount)
+{
+    void *buffer = InternalMalloc(byteCount);
+    if (buffer == nullptr)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+    }
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::AlignDown(SIZE_T value, SIZE_T alignment)
+{
+    _ASSERTE((alignment & (alignment - 1)) == 0); // must be a power of 2
+    return value & ~(alignment - 1);
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::AlignUp(SIZE_T value, SIZE_T alignment)
+{
+    _ASSERTE((alignment & (alignment - 1)) == 0); // must be a power of 2
+    return AlignDown(value + (alignment - 1), alignment);
+}
+
+bool SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(const char *path, bool isGlobalLockAcquired, bool createIfNotExist)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(path != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+
+    // Check if the path already exists
+    struct stat statInfo;
+    int statResult = stat(path, &statInfo);
+    if (statResult != 0 && errno == ENOENT)
+    {
+        if (!createIfNotExist)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // The path does not exist, create the directory. The permissions mask passed to mkdir() is filtered by the process'
+        // permissions umask, so mkdir() may not set all of the requested permissions. We need to use chmod() to set the proper
+        // permissions. That creates a race when there is no global lock acquired when creating the directory. Another user's
+        // process may create the directory and this user's process may try to use it before the other process sets the full
+        // permissions. In that case, create a temporary directory first, set the permissions, and rename it to the actual
+        // directory name.
+
+        if (isGlobalLockAcquired)
+        {
+            if (mkdir(path, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute) != 0)
+            {
+                throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+            }
+            if (chmod(path, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute) != 0)
+            {
+                rmdir(path);
+                throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        char tempPath[] = SHARED_MEMORY_UNIQUE_TEMP_NAME_TEMPLATE;
+        if (mkdtemp(tempPath) == nullptr)
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+        }
+        if (chmod(tempPath, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute) != 0)
+        {
+            rmdir(tempPath);
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+        }
+        if (rename(tempPath, path) == 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // Another process may have beaten us to it. Delete the temp directory and continue to check the requested directory to
+        // see if it meets our needs.
+        rmdir(tempPath);
+        statResult = stat(path, &statInfo);
+    }
+
+    // If the path exists, check that it's a directory
+    if (statResult != 0 || !(statInfo.st_mode & S_IFDIR))
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+
+    // Check the directory's permissions and try to update them
+    if ((statInfo.st_mode & PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute) == PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (!createIfNotExist || chmod(path, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWriteExecute) != 0)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+int SharedMemoryHelpers::Open(LPCSTR path, int flags, mode_t mode)
+{
+    int openErrorCode;
+    do
+    {
+        int fileDescriptor = InternalOpen(path, flags, mode);
+        if (fileDescriptor != -1)
+        {
+            return fileDescriptor;
+        }
+        openErrorCode = errno;
+    } while (openErrorCode == EINTR);
+
+    switch (openErrorCode)
+    {
+        case ENOENT:
+            _ASSERTE(!(flags & O_CREAT));
+            errno = openErrorCode;
+            return -1;
+
+        case ENAMETOOLONG:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameTooLong));
+
+        case EMFILE:
+        case ENFILE:
+        case ENOMEM:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+
+        default:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+}
+
+int SharedMemoryHelpers::OpenDirectory(LPCSTR path)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(path != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(path[0] != '\0');
+
+    int fileDescriptor = Open(path, O_RDONLY);
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1 || errno == ENOENT);
+    return fileDescriptor;
+}
+
+int SharedMemoryHelpers::CreateOrOpenFile(LPCSTR path, bool createIfNotExist, bool *createdRef)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(path != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(path[0] != '\0');
+
+    // Try to open the file
+    int openFlags = O_RDWR;
+    int fileDescriptor = Open(path, openFlags);
+    if (fileDescriptor != -1)
+    {
+        if (createdRef != nullptr)
+        {
+            *createdRef = false;
+        }
+        return fileDescriptor;
+    }
+    _ASSERTE(errno == ENOENT);
+    if (!createIfNotExist)
+    {
+        if (createdRef != nullptr)
+        {
+            *createdRef = false;
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // File does not exist, create the file
+    openFlags |= O_CREAT | O_EXCL;
+    fileDescriptor = Open(path, openFlags, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWrite);
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+
+    // The permissions mask passed to open() is filtered by the process' permissions umask, so open() may not set all of
+    // the requested permissions. Use chmod() to set the proper permissions.
+    if (chmod(path, PermissionsMask_AllUsers_ReadWrite) != 0)
+    {
+        CloseFile(fileDescriptor);
+        unlink(path);
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+
+    if (createdRef != nullptr)
+    {
+        *createdRef = true;
+    }
+    return fileDescriptor;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryHelpers::CloseFile(int fileDescriptor)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+
+    int closeResult;
+    do
+    {
+        closeResult = close(fileDescriptor);
+    } while (closeResult != 0 && errno == EINTR);
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryHelpers::GetFileSize(int fileDescriptor)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+
+    off_t endOffset = lseek(fileDescriptor, 0, SEEK_END);
+    if (endOffset == static_cast<off_t>(-1) ||
+        lseek(fileDescriptor, 0, SEEK_SET) == static_cast<off_t>(-1))
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+    return endOffset;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryHelpers::SetFileSize(int fileDescriptor, SIZE_T byteCount)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+    _ASSERTE(static_cast<off_t>(byteCount) == byteCount);
+
+    while (true)
+    {
+        int ftruncateResult = ftruncate(fileDescriptor, static_cast<off_t>(byteCount));
+        if (ftruncateResult == 0)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+        if (errno != EINTR)
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void *SharedMemoryHelpers::MemoryMapFile(int fileDescriptor, SIZE_T byteCount)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+    _ASSERTE(byteCount > sizeof(SharedMemorySharedDataHeader));
+    _ASSERTE(AlignDown(byteCount, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE) == byteCount);
+
+    void *sharedMemoryBuffer = mmap(nullptr, byteCount, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fileDescriptor, 0);
+    if (sharedMemoryBuffer != MAP_FAILED)
+    {
+        return sharedMemoryBuffer;
+    }
+    switch (errno)
+    {
+        case ENFILE:
+        case ENOMEM:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+
+        default:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+}
+
+bool SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(int fileDescriptor, int operation)
+{
+    // A file lock is acquired once per file descriptor, so the caller will need to synchronize threads of this process
+
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+    _ASSERTE(!(operation & LOCK_UN));
+
+    while (true)
+    {
+        if (flock(fileDescriptor, operation) == 0)
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int flockError = errno;
+        switch (flockError)
+        {
+            case EWOULDBLOCK:
+                return false;
+
+            case EINTR:
+                continue;
+
+            default:
+                throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(int fileDescriptor)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+
+    int flockResult;
+    do
+    {
+        flockResult = flock(fileDescriptor, LOCK_UN);
+    } while (flockResult != 0 && errno == EINTR);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemoryId
+
+SharedMemoryId::SharedMemoryId() : m_name(nullptr)
+{
+}
+
+SharedMemoryId::SharedMemoryId(LPCSTR name, SIZE_T nameCharCount, bool isSessionScope)
+    : m_name(name), m_nameCharCount(nameCharCount), m_isSessionScope(isSessionScope)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(name != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(nameCharCount != 0);
+    _ASSERTE(nameCharCount <= SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_NAME_CHAR_COUNT);
+    _ASSERTE(strlen(name) == nameCharCount);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryId::SharedMemoryId(LPCSTR name)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(name != nullptr);
+
+    // Look for "Global\" and "Local\" prefixes in the name, and determine the session ID
+    if (strncmp(name, "Global\\", 7) == 0)
+    {
+        m_isSessionScope = false;
+        name += _countof("Global\\") - 1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (strncmp(name, "Local\\", 6) == 0)
+        {
+            name += _countof("Local\\") - 1;
+        }
+        m_isSessionScope = true;
+    }
+    m_name = name;
+
+    m_nameCharCount = strlen(name);
+    if (m_nameCharCount == 0)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameEmpty));
+    }
+    if (m_nameCharCount > SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_NAME_CHAR_COUNT)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameTooLong));
+    }
+
+    // Look for invalid characters '\' and '/' in the name
+    for (SIZE_T i = 0; i < m_nameCharCount; ++i)
+    {
+        char c = name[i];
+        if (c == '\\' || c == '/')
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameInvalid));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+LPCSTR SharedMemoryId::GetName() const
+{
+    _ASSERTE(m_name != nullptr);
+    return m_name;
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryId::GetNameCharCount() const
+{
+    _ASSERTE(m_name != nullptr);
+    return m_nameCharCount;
+}
+
+bool SharedMemoryId::IsSessionScope() const
+{
+    _ASSERTE(m_name != nullptr);
+    return m_isSessionScope;
+}
+
+bool SharedMemoryId::Equals(SharedMemoryId *other) const
+{
+    return
+        GetNameCharCount() == other->GetNameCharCount() &&
+        IsSessionScope() == other->IsSessionScope() &&
+        strcmp(GetName(), other->GetName()) == 0;
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryId::AppendSessionDirectoryName(
+    char (&path)[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1],
+    SIZE_T pathCharCount) const
+{
+    if (IsSessionScope())
+    {
+        pathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, pathCharCount, SHARED_MEMORY_SESSION_DIRECTORY_NAME_PREFIX);
+        pathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::AppendUInt32String(path, pathCharCount, GetCurrentSessionId());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, pathCharCount, SHARED_MEMORY_GLOBAL_DIRECTORY_NAME);
+    }
+
+    _ASSERTE(pathCharCount <= SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT);
+    return pathCharCount;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemorySharedDataHeader
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::DetermineTotalByteCount(SIZE_T dataByteCount)
+{
+    return SharedMemoryHelpers::AlignUp(sizeof(SharedMemorySharedDataHeader) + dataByteCount, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+}
+
+SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::SharedMemorySharedDataHeader(SharedMemoryType type, UINT8 version)
+    : m_type(type), m_version(version)
+{
+}
+
+SharedMemoryType SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::GetType() const
+{
+    return m_type;
+}
+
+UINT8 SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::GetVersion() const
+{
+    return m_version;
+}
+
+void *SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::GetData()
+{
+    return this + 1;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::CreateOrOpen(
+    LPCSTR name,
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader requiredSharedDataHeader,
+    SIZE_T sharedDataByteCount,
+    bool createIfNotExist,
+    bool *createdRef)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(name != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(sharedDataByteCount != 0);
+    _ASSERTE(!createIfNotExist || createdRef != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+    if (createdRef != nullptr)
+    {
+        *createdRef = false;
+    }
+
+    SharedMemoryId id(name);
+
+    struct AutoCleanup
+    {
+        bool m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock;
+        char *m_filePath;
+        SIZE_T m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount;
+        bool m_createdFile;
+        int m_fileDescriptor;
+        bool m_acquiredFileLock;
+        void *m_mappedBuffer;
+        SIZE_T m_mappedBufferByteCount;
+        bool m_cancel;
+
+        AutoCleanup()
+            : m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock(false),
+            m_filePath(nullptr),
+            m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount(0),
+            m_createdFile(false),
+            m_fileDescriptor(-1),
+            m_acquiredFileLock(false),
+            m_mappedBuffer(nullptr),
+            m_mappedBufferByteCount(0),
+            m_cancel(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~AutoCleanup()
+        {
+            if (m_cancel)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (m_mappedBuffer != nullptr)
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(m_mappedBufferByteCount != 0);
+                munmap(m_mappedBuffer, m_mappedBufferByteCount);
+            }
+
+            if (m_acquiredFileLock)
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(m_fileDescriptor != -1);
+                SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(m_fileDescriptor);
+            }
+
+            if (m_fileDescriptor != -1)
+            {
+                SharedMemoryHelpers::CloseFile(m_fileDescriptor);
+            }
+
+            if (m_createdFile)
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(m_filePath != nullptr);
+                unlink(m_filePath);
+            }
+
+            if (m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount != 0)
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(m_filePath != nullptr);
+                m_filePath[m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount] = '\0';
+                rmdir(m_filePath);
+            }
+
+            if (m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock)
+            {
+                SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock();
+            }
+        }
+    } autoCleanup;
+
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader = SharedMemoryManager::FindProcessDataHeader(&id);
+    if (processDataHeader != nullptr)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(
+            processDataHeader->GetSharedDataTotalByteCount() ==
+            SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::DetermineTotalByteCount(sharedDataByteCount));
+        processDataHeader->IncRefCount();
+        return processDataHeader;
+    }
+
+    SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionFileLock();
+    autoCleanup.m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock = true;
+
+    // Create the session directory
+    char filePath[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+    SIZE_T filePathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(filePath, 0, SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+    filePath[filePathCharCount++] = '/';
+    filePathCharCount = id.AppendSessionDirectoryName(filePath, filePathCharCount);
+    if (!SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(filePath, true /* isGlobalLockAcquired */, createIfNotExist))
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!createIfNotExist);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    autoCleanup.m_filePath = filePath;
+    autoCleanup.m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = filePathCharCount;
+
+    // Create or open the shared memory file
+    filePath[filePathCharCount++] = '/';
+    filePathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(filePath, filePathCharCount, id.GetName(), id.GetNameCharCount());
+    bool createdFile;
+    int fileDescriptor = SharedMemoryHelpers::CreateOrOpenFile(filePath, createIfNotExist, &createdFile);
+    if (fileDescriptor == -1)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!createIfNotExist);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    autoCleanup.m_createdFile = createdFile;
+    autoCleanup.m_fileDescriptor = fileDescriptor;
+
+    bool clearContents = false;
+    if (!createdFile)
+    {
+        // A shared file lock on the shared memory file would be held by any process that has opened the same file. Try to take
+        // an exclusive lock on the file. Successfully acquiring an exclusive lock indicates that no process has a reference to
+        // the shared memory file, and this process can reinitialize its contents.
+        if (SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(fileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
+        {
+            // The shared memory file is not being used, flag it as created so that its contents will be reinitialized
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(fileDescriptor);
+            autoCleanup.m_createdFile = true;
+            if (!createIfNotExist)
+            {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
+            createdFile = true;
+            clearContents = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Set or validate the file length
+    SIZE_T sharedDataTotalByteCount = SharedMemorySharedDataHeader::DetermineTotalByteCount(sharedDataByteCount);
+    if (createdFile)
+    {
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::SetFileSize(fileDescriptor, sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+    }
+    else if (SharedMemoryHelpers::GetFileSize(fileDescriptor) != sharedDataTotalByteCount)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::HeaderMismatch));
+    }
+
+    // Acquire and hold a shared file lock on the shared memory file as long as it is open, to indicate that this process is
+    // using the file. An exclusive file lock is attempted above to detect whether the file contents are valid, for the case
+    // where a process crashes or is killed after the file is created. Since we already hold the creation/deletion locks, a
+    // non-blocking file lock should succeed.
+    if (!SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(fileDescriptor, LOCK_SH | LOCK_NB))
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+    }
+    autoCleanup.m_acquiredFileLock = true;
+
+    // Map the file into memory, and initialize or validate the header
+    void *mappedBuffer = SharedMemoryHelpers::MemoryMapFile(fileDescriptor, sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+    autoCleanup.m_mappedBuffer = mappedBuffer;
+    autoCleanup.m_mappedBufferByteCount = sharedDataTotalByteCount;
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *sharedDataHeader;
+    if (createdFile)
+    {
+        if (clearContents)
+        {
+            memset(mappedBuffer, 0, sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+        }
+        sharedDataHeader = new(mappedBuffer) SharedMemorySharedDataHeader(requiredSharedDataHeader);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        sharedDataHeader = reinterpret_cast<SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *>(mappedBuffer);
+        if (sharedDataHeader->GetType() != requiredSharedDataHeader.GetType() ||
+            sharedDataHeader->GetVersion() != requiredSharedDataHeader.GetVersion())
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::HeaderMismatch));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // When *createdRef is true, the creation/deletion file lock will remain locked upon returning for the caller to initialize
+    // the shared data. The caller must release the file lock afterwards.
+    if (!createdFile)
+    {
+        autoCleanup.m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock = false;
+        SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock();
+    }
+
+    processDataHeader = SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::New(&id, fileDescriptor, sharedDataHeader, sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+
+    autoCleanup.m_cancel = true;
+    if (createdFile)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(createIfNotExist);
+        _ASSERTE(createdRef != nullptr);
+        *createdRef = true;
+    }
+    return processDataHeader;
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_GetProcessDataHeader(CorUnix::IPalObject *object)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(object != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiNamedMutex);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetImmutableDataSize() == sizeof(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *));
+
+    void *immutableDataBuffer;
+    PAL_ERROR errorCode = object->GetImmutableData(&immutableDataBuffer);
+    _ASSERTE(errorCode == NO_ERROR);
+    _ASSERTE(immutableDataBuffer != nullptr);
+    return *reinterpret_cast<SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader **>(immutableDataBuffer);
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_SetProcessDataHeader(
+    CorUnix::IPalObject *object,
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(object != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiNamedMutex);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetImmutableDataSize() == sizeof(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *));
+    _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+
+    void *immutableDataBuffer;
+    PAL_ERROR errorCode = object->GetImmutableData(&immutableDataBuffer);
+    _ASSERTE(errorCode == NO_ERROR);
+    _ASSERTE(immutableDataBuffer != nullptr);
+    *reinterpret_cast<SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader **>(immutableDataBuffer) = processDataHeader;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_Close(
+    CPalThread *thread,
+    IPalObject *object,
+    bool isShuttingDown,
+    bool cleanUpPalSharedState)
+{
+    // This function's signature matches OBJECTCLEANUPROUTINE
+    _ASSERTE(thread != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(object != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiNamedMutex);
+    _ASSERTE(object->GetObjectType()->GetImmutableDataSize() == sizeof(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *));
+
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader = PalObject_GetProcessDataHeader(object);
+    if (processDataHeader == nullptr)
+    {
+        // The object was created, but an error must have occurred before the process data was initialized
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+    processDataHeader->DecRefCount();
+    SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader(
+    SharedMemoryId *id,
+    int fileDescriptor,
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *sharedDataHeader,
+    SIZE_T sharedDataTotalByteCount)
+    :
+    m_refCount(1),
+    m_data(nullptr),
+    m_fileDescriptor(fileDescriptor),
+    m_sharedDataHeader(sharedDataHeader),
+    m_sharedDataTotalByteCount(sharedDataTotalByteCount),
+    m_nextInProcessDataHeaderList(nullptr)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(id != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(fileDescriptor != -1);
+    _ASSERTE(sharedDataHeader != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(sharedDataTotalByteCount > sizeof(SharedMemorySharedDataHeader));
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryHelpers::AlignDown(sharedDataTotalByteCount, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE) == sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+
+    // Copy the name and initialize the ID
+    char *nameCopy = reinterpret_cast<char *>(this + 1);
+    SIZE_T nameByteCount = id->GetNameCharCount() + 1;
+    memcpy_s(nameCopy, nameByteCount, id->GetName(), nameByteCount);
+    m_id = SharedMemoryId(nameCopy, id->GetNameCharCount(), id->IsSessionScope());
+
+    SharedMemoryManager::AddProcessDataHeader(this);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::New(
+    SharedMemoryId *id,
+    int fileDescriptor,
+    SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *sharedDataHeader,
+    SIZE_T sharedDataTotalByteCount)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(id != nullptr);
+
+    // Allocate space for the header and a copy of the name
+    SIZE_T nameByteCount = id->GetNameCharCount() + 1;
+    SIZE_T totalByteCount = sizeof(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader) + nameByteCount;
+    void *buffer = SharedMemoryHelpers::Alloc(totalByteCount);
+    AutoFreeBuffer autoFreeBuffer(buffer);
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader =
+        new(buffer) SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader(id, fileDescriptor, sharedDataHeader, sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+    autoFreeBuffer.Cancel();
+    return processDataHeader;
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::~SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(m_refCount == 0);
+    Close();
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::Close()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+    // If the ref count is nonzero, we are shutting down the process abruptly without having closed some shared memory objects.
+    // There could still be threads running with active references to the shared memory object. So when the ref count is
+    // nonzero, don't clean up any object or global process-local state.
+    if (m_refCount == 0)
+    {
+        SharedMemoryManager::RemoveProcessDataHeader(this);
+    }
+
+    struct AutoReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock
+    {
+        bool m_acquired;
+
+        AutoReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock() : m_acquired(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~AutoReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock()
+        {
+            if (m_acquired)
+            {
+                SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock();
+            }
+        }
+    } autoReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock;
+
+    // A shared file lock on the shared memory file would be held by any process that has opened the same file. Try to take
+    // an exclusive lock on the file. Successfully acquiring an exclusive lock indicates that no process has a reference to
+    // the shared memory file, and this process can delete the file. File locks on the shared memory file are only ever acquired
+    // or released while holding the creation/deletion locks, so holding the creation/deletion locks while trying an exclusive
+    // lock on the shared memory file guarantees that another process cannot start using the shared memory file after this
+    // process has decided to delete the file.
+    bool releaseSharedData = false;
+    try
+    {
+        SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionFileLock();
+        autoReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock.m_acquired = true;
+
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(m_fileDescriptor);
+        if (SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_fileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
+        {
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(m_fileDescriptor);
+            releaseSharedData = true;
+        }
+    }
+    catch (SharedMemoryException)
+    {
+        // Ignore the error, just don't release shared data
+    }
+
+    if (m_data != nullptr)
+    {
+        m_data->Close(m_refCount != 0 /* isAbruptShutdown */, releaseSharedData);
+    }
+
+    if (m_refCount == 0)
+    {
+        if (m_data != nullptr)
+        {
+            InternalDelete(m_data);
+        }
+
+        if (releaseSharedData)
+        {
+            m_sharedDataHeader->~SharedMemorySharedDataHeader();
+        }
+
+        munmap(m_sharedDataHeader, m_sharedDataTotalByteCount);
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::CloseFile(m_fileDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    if (!releaseSharedData)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Delete the shared memory file, and the session directory if it's not empty
+    char path[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+    SIZE_T sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, 0, SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount++] = '/';
+    sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = m_id.AppendSessionDirectoryName(path, sessionDirectoryPathCharCount);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount++] = '/';
+    SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, sessionDirectoryPathCharCount, m_id.GetName(), m_id.GetNameCharCount());
+    unlink(path);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount] = '\0';
+    rmdir(path);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryId *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::GetId()
+{
+    return &m_id;
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataBase *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::GetData() const
+{
+    return m_data;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::SetData(SharedMemoryProcessDataBase *data)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(m_data == nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(data != nullptr);
+
+    m_data = data;
+}
+
+SharedMemorySharedDataHeader *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::GetSharedDataHeader() const
+{
+    return m_sharedDataHeader;
+}
+
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::GetSharedDataTotalByteCount() const
+{
+    return m_sharedDataTotalByteCount;
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList() const
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    return m_nextInProcessDataHeaderList;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *next)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    m_nextInProcessDataHeaderList = next;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::IncRefCount()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(m_refCount != 0);
+
+    ++m_refCount;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::DecRefCount()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(m_refCount != 0);
+
+    if (--m_refCount == 0)
+    {
+        InternalDelete(this);
+    }
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SharedMemoryManager
+
+CRITICAL_SECTION SharedMemoryManager::s_creationDeletionProcessLock;
+int SharedMemoryManager::s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor = -1;
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryManager::s_processDataHeaderListHead = nullptr;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryManager::s_creationDeletionProcessLockOwnerThreadId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidThreadId;
+SIZE_T SharedMemoryManager::s_creationDeletionFileLockOwnerThreadId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidThreadId;
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::StaticInitialize()
+{
+    InitializeCriticalSection(&s_creationDeletionProcessLock);
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::StaticClose()
+{
+    // This function could very well be running during abrupt shutdown, and there could still be user threads running.
+    // Synchronize the deletion, and don't remove or delete items in the linked list.
+    AcquireCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+    for (SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *current = s_processDataHeaderListHead;
+        current != nullptr;
+        current = current->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList())
+    {
+        current->Close();
+    }
+    ReleaseCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+
+    // This function could very well be running during abrupt shutdown, and there could still be user threads running. Don't
+    // delete the creation/deletion process lock, the process is shutting down anyway.
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionProcessLock()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(!IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+    EnterCriticalSection(&s_creationDeletionProcessLock);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    s_creationDeletionProcessLockOwnerThreadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+#endif // _DEBUG
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionProcessLock()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    s_creationDeletionProcessLockOwnerThreadId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidThreadId;
+#endif // _DEBUG
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&s_creationDeletionProcessLock);
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionFileLock()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+    if (s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor == -1)
+    {
+        if (!SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(
+                SHARED_MEMORY_TEMP_DIRECTORY_PATH,
+                false /* isGlobalLockAcquired */,
+                false /* createIfNotExist */))
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+        }
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(
+            SHARED_MEMORY_RUNTIME_TEMP_DIRECTORY_PATH,
+            false /* isGlobalLockAcquired */);
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(
+            SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH,
+            false /* isGlobalLockAcquired */);
+        s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor = SharedMemoryHelpers::OpenDirectory(SHARED_MEMORY_SHARED_MEMORY_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+        if (s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor == -1)
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool acquiredFileLock = SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX);
+    _ASSERTE(acquiredFileLock);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    s_creationDeletionFileLockOwnerThreadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+#endif // _DEBUG
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor != -1);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    s_creationDeletionFileLockOwnerThreadId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidThreadId;
+#endif // _DEBUG
+    SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(s_creationDeletionLockFileDescriptor);
+}
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+bool SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired()
+{
+    return s_creationDeletionProcessLockOwnerThreadId == THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+bool SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired()
+{
+    return s_creationDeletionFileLockOwnerThreadId == THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::AddProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(processDataHeader->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList() == nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(FindProcessDataHeader(processDataHeader->GetId()) == nullptr);
+
+    processDataHeader->SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(s_processDataHeaderListHead);
+    s_processDataHeaderListHead = processDataHeader;
+}
+
+void SharedMemoryManager::RemoveProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+
+    if (s_processDataHeaderListHead == processDataHeader)
+    {
+        s_processDataHeaderListHead = processDataHeader->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList();
+        processDataHeader->SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(nullptr);
+        return;
+    }
+    for (SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader
+            *previous = s_processDataHeaderListHead,
+            *current = previous->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList();
+        current != nullptr;
+        previous = current, current = current->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList())
+    {
+        if (current == processDataHeader)
+        {
+            previous->SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(current->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList());
+            current->SetNextInProcessDataHeaderList(nullptr);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    _ASSERTE(false);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *SharedMemoryManager::FindProcessDataHeader(SharedMemoryId *id)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+
+    // TODO: Use a hash table
+    for (SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *current = s_processDataHeaderListHead;
+        current != nullptr;
+        current = current->GetNextInProcessDataHeaderList())
+    {
+        if (current->GetId()->Equals(id))
+        {
+            return current;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/shmemory/shmemory.cpp b/src/pal/src/shmemory/shmemory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..42e06be834
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/shmemory/shmemory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1734 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    shmemory/shmemory.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of shared memory infrastructure for IPC
+
+Issues :
+
+ Interprocess synchronization
+
+
+There doesn't seem to be ANY synchronization mechanism that will work
+inter-process AND be pthread-safe. FreeBSD's pthread implementation has no
+support for inter-process synchronization (PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
+"traditionnal" inter-process syncronization functions, on the other hand, are
+not pthread-aware, and thus will block entire processes instead of only the
+calling thread.
+
+From suggestions and information obtained on the freebsd-hackers mailing list,
+I have come up with 2 possible strategies to ensure serialized access to our
+shared memory region
+
+Note that the estimates of relative efficiency are wild guesses; my assumptions
+are that blocking entire processes is least efficient, busy wait somewhat
+better, and anything that does neither is preferable. However, the overhead of
+complex solutions is likely to have an important impact on performance
+
+Option 1 : very simple; possibly less efficient. in 2 words : "busy wait"
+Basically,
+
+while(InterlockedCompareExchange(spinlock_in_shared_memory, 1, 0)
+    sched_yield();
+
+In other words, if a value is 0, set it to 1; otherwise, try again until we
+succeed. use shed_yield to give the system a chance to schedule other threads
+while we wait. (once a thread succeeds at this, it does its work, then sets
+the value back to 0)
+One inconvenient : threads will not unblock in the order they are blocked;
+once a thread releases the mutex, whichever waiting thread is scheduled next
+will be unblocked. This is what is called the "thundering herd" problem, and in
+extreme cases, can lead to starvation
+Update : we'll set the spinlock to our PID instead of 1, that way we can find
+out if the lock is held by a dead process.
+
+Option 2 : possibly more efficient, much more complex, borders on
+"over-engineered". I'll explain it in stages, in the same way I deduced it.
+
+Option 2.1 : probably less efficient, reasonably simple. stop at step 2)
+
+1) The minimal, original idea was to use SysV semaphores for synchronization.
+This didn't work, because semaphores block the entire process, which can easily
+lead to deadlocks (thread 1 takes sem, thread 2 tries to take sem, blocks
+process, thread 1 is blocked and never releases sem)
+
+2) (this is option 2.1) Protect the use of the semaphores in critical sections.
+Enter the critical section before taking the semaphore, leave the section after
+releasing the semaphore. This ensures that 2 threads of the same process will
+never try to acquire the semaphore at the same time, which avoids deadlocks.
+However, the entire process still blocks if another process has the semaphore.
+Here, unblocking order should match blocking order (assuming the semaphores work
+properly); therefore, no risk of starvation.
+
+3) This is where it gets complicated. To avoid blocking whole processes, we
+can't use semaphores. One suggestion I got was to use multi-ended FIFOs, here's
+how it would work.
+
+-as in option 1, use InterlockedCompareExchange on a value in shared memory.
+-if this was not succesful (someone else has locked the shared memory), then :
+    -open a special FIFO for reading; try to read 1 byte. This will block until
+     someone writes to it, and *should* only block the current thread. (note :
+     more than one thread/process can open the same FIFO and block on read(),
+     in this case, only one gets woken up when someone writes to it.
+     *which* one is, again, not predictable; this may lead to starvation)
+    -once we are unblocked, we have the lock.
+-once we have the lock (either from Interlocked...() or from read()),
+ we can do our work
+-once the work is done, we open the FIFO for writing. this will fail if no one
+ is listening.
+-if no one is listening, release the lock by setting the shared memory value
+ back to 0
+-if someone is listening, write 1 byte to the FIFO to wake someone, then close
+ the FIFO. the value in shared memory will remain nonzero until a thread tries
+ to wake the next one and sees no one is listening.
+
+problem with this option : it is possible for a thread to call Interlocked...()
+BETWEEN the failed "open for write" attempt and the subsequent restoration of
+the SHM value back to zero. In this case, that thread will go to sleep and will
+not wake up until *another* thread asks for the lock, takes it and releases it.
+
+so to fix that, we come to step
+
+4) Instead of using InterlockedCompareExchange, use a SysV semaphore :
+-when taking the lock :
+    -take the semaphore
+    -try to take the lock (check if value is zero, change it to 1 if it is)
+    -if we fail : open FIFO for reading, release the semaphore, read() and block
+    -if we succeed : release the semaphore
+-when releasing the lock :
+    -take the semaphore
+    -open FIFO for write
+    -if we succeed, release semaphore, then write value
+    -if we fail, reset SHM value to 0, then release semaphore.
+
+Yes, using a SysV semaphore will block the whole process, but for a very short
+time (unlike option 2.1)
+problem with this : again, we get deadlocks if 2 threads from a single process
+try to take the semaphore. So like in option 2.1, we ave to wrap the semaphore
+usage in a critical section. (complex enough yet?)
+
+so the locking sequence becomes EnterCriticalSection - take semaphore - try to
+    lock - open FIFO - release semaphore - LeaveCriticalSection - read
+and the unlocking sequence becomes EnterCS - take sem - open FIFO - release
+    sem - LeaveCS - write
+
+Once again, the unblocking order probably won't match the blocking order.
+This could be fixed by using multiple FIFOs : waiting thread open their own
+personal FIFO, write the ID of their FIFO to another FIFO. The thread that wants
+to release the lock reads ID from that FIFO, determines which FIFO to open for
+writing and writes a byte to it. This way, whoever wrote its ID to the FIFO
+first will be first to awake. How's that for complexity?
+
+So to summarize, the options are
+1 - busy wait
+2.1 - semaphores + critical sections (whole process blocks)
+2 - semaphores + critical sections + FIFOs (minimal process blocking)
+2.2 - option 2 with multiple FIFOs (minimal process blocking, order preserved)
+
+Considering the overhead involved in options 2 & 2.2, it is our guess that
+option 1 may in fact be more efficient, and this is how we'll implement it for
+the moment. Note that other platforms may not present the same difficulties
+(i.e. other pthread implementations may support inter-process mutexes), and may
+be able to use a simpler, more efficient approach.
+
+B] Reliability.
+It is important for the shared memory implementation to be as foolproof as
+possible. Since more than one process will be able to modify the shared data,
+it becomes possible for one unstable process to destabilize the others. The
+simplest example is a process that dies while modifying shared memory : if
+it doesn't release its lock, we're in trouble. (this case will be taken care
+of by using PIDs in the spinlock; this we we can check if the locking process
+is still alive).
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/shmemory.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/shmemory.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#if HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL
+#include <sys/syscall.h>
+#endif  /* HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL */
+        
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SHMEM);
+
+/* Macro-definitions **********************************************************/
+
+/* rounds 'val' up to be divisible by 'r'.  'r' must be a power of two. */
+#ifndef roundup
+#define roundup(val, r)  ( ((val)+(r)-1) & ~( (r)-1 ) )
+#endif
+
+#define SEGMENT_NAME_SUFFIX_LENGTH 10
+
+#if defined(_DEBUG) && defined(_HPUX_)
+#define TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+#endif // _DEBUG && _HPUX_
+
+/*
+SHMPTR structure :
+High byte is SHM segment number
+Low bytes are offset in the segment
+ */
+#define SHMPTR_SEGMENT(shmptr) \
+    (((shmptr)>>24)&0xFF)
+
+#define SHMPTR_OFFSET(shmptr) \
+    ((shmptr)&0x00FFFFFF)
+
+#define MAKE_SHMPTR(segment,offset) \
+    ((SHMPTR)((((segment)&0xFF)<<24)|((offset)&0x00FFFFFF)))
+
+/*#define MAX_SEGMENTS 256*//*definition is now in shmemory.h*/
+
+/* Use MAP_NOSYNC to improve performance if it's available */
+#if defined(MAP_NOSYNC)
+#define MAPFLAGS MAP_NOSYNC|MAP_SHARED
+#else
+#define MAPFLAGS MAP_SHARED
+#endif
+
+
+/* Type definitions ***********************************************************/
+
+enum SHM_POOL_SIZES
+{
+    SPS_16 = 0,      /* 16 bytes */
+    SPS_32,         /* 32 bytes */
+    SPS_64,         /* 64 bytes */
+    SPS_MAXPATHx2,  /* 520 bytes, for long Unicode paths */
+
+    SPS_LAST
+};
+/* Block size associated to each SPS identifier */
+static const int block_sizes[SPS_LAST] = {16,32,64,roundup((MAX_LONGPATH+1)*2, sizeof(INT64))};
+
+/*
+SHM_POOL_INFO
+Description of a shared memory pool for a specific block size.
+
+Note on pool structure :
+first_free identifies the first available SHMPTR in the block. Free blocks are
+arranged in a linked list, each free block indicating the location of the next
+one. To walk the list, do something like this :
+SHMPTR *shmptr_ptr=(SHMPTR *)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(pool->first_free)
+while(shm_ptr)
+{
+    SHMPTR next = *shmptr_ptr;
+    shmptr_ptr = (SHMPTR *)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(next)
+}
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    int item_size;          /* size of 1 block, in bytes */
+    int num_items;          /* total number of blocks in the pool */
+    int free_items;         /* number of unused items in the pool */
+    SHMPTR first_free;      /* location of first available block in the pool */
+}SHM_POOL_INFO;
+
+/*
+SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER
+Description of a single shared memory segment
+
+Notes on segment names :
+next_semgent contains the string generated by mkstemp() when a new segment is
+generated. This allows processes to map segment files created by other
+processes. To get the file name of a segment file, concatenate
+"segment_name_prefix" and "next_segment".
+
+Notes on pool segments :
+Each segment is divided into one pool for each defined block size (SPS_*).
+These pools are linked with pools in other segment to form one large pool for
+each block size, so that SHMAlloc() doesn't have to search each segment to find
+an available block.
+the first_ and last_pool_blocks indicate the first and last block in a single
+segment for each block size. This allows SHMFree() to determine the size of a
+block by comparing its value with these boundaries. (note that within each
+segment, each pool is composed of a single contiguous block of memory)
+*/
+typedef struct
+{
+    Volatile<SHMPTR> first_pool_blocks[SPS_LAST];
+    Volatile<SHMPTR> last_pool_blocks[SPS_LAST];
+} SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER;
+
+/*
+SHM_FIRST_HEADER
+Global information about the shared memory system
+In addition to the standard SHM_SEGGMENT_HEADER, the first segment contains some
+information required to properly use the shared memory system.
+
+The spinlock is used to ensure that only one process accesses shared memory at
+the same time. A process can only take the spinlock if its contents is 0, and
+it takes the spinlock by placing its PID in it. (this allows a process to catch
+the special case where it tries to take a spinlock it already owns.
+
+The first_* members will contain the location of the first element in the
+various linked lists of shared information
+ */
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+#define SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP_HISTORY_ARRAY_SIZE 5
+
+#define CHECK_CANARIES(header) \
+    _ASSERTE(HeadSignature == header->dwHeadCanaries[0]); \
+    _ASSERTE(HeadSignature == header->dwHeadCanaries[1]); \
+    _ASSERTE(TailSignature == header->dwTailCanaries[0]);   \
+    _ASSERTE(TailSignature == header->dwTailCanaries[1])
+
+typedef struct _pid_and_tid
+{
+    Volatile<pid_t> pid;
+    Volatile<pthread_t> tid;
+} pid_and_tid;
+
+const DWORD HeadSignature  = 0x48454144;
+const DWORD TailSignature  = 0x5441494C;
+
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER header;
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+    Volatile<DWORD> dwHeadCanaries[2];
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+    Volatile<pid_t> spinlock;
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+    Volatile<DWORD> dwTailCanaries[2];
+    pid_and_tid pidtidCurrentOwner;
+    pid_and_tid pidtidOwners[SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP_HISTORY_ARRAY_SIZE];
+    Volatile<ULONG> ulOwnersIdx;
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+    SHM_POOL_INFO pools[SPS_LAST]; /* information about each memory pool */
+    Volatile<SHMPTR> shm_info[SIID_LAST]; /* basic blocks of shared information.*/
+} SHM_FIRST_HEADER;
+
+
+/* Static variables ***********************************************************/
+
+/* Critical section to ensure that only one thread at a time accesses shared
+memory. Rationale :
+-Using a spinlock means that processes must busy-wait for the lock to be
+ available. The critical section ensures taht only one thread will busy-wait,
+ while the rest are put to sleep.
+-Since the spinlock only contains a PID, it isn't possible to make a difference
+ between threads of the same process. This could be resolved by using 2
+ spinlocks, but this would introduce more busy-wait.
+*/
+static CRITICAL_SECTION shm_critsec;
+                        
+/* number of segments the current process knows about */
+int shm_numsegments;
+
+/* array containing the base address of each segment */
+Volatile<LPVOID> shm_segment_bases[MAX_SEGMENTS];
+
+/* number of locks the process currently holds (SHMLock calls without matching
+SHMRelease). Because we take the critical section while inside a
+SHMLock/SHMRelease pair, this is actually the number of locks held by a single
+thread. */
+static Volatile<LONG> lock_count;
+
+/* thread ID of thread holding the SHM lock. used for debugging purposes : 
+   SHMGet/SetInfo will verify that the calling thread holds the lock */
+static Volatile<HANDLE> locking_thread;
+
+/* Constants ******************************************************************/
+
+/* size of a single segment : 256KB */
+static const int segment_size = 0x40000;
+
+/* Static function prototypes *************************************************/
+
+static SHMPTR SHMInitPool(SHMPTR first, int block_size, int pool_size,
+                          SHM_POOL_INFO *pool);
+static SHMPTR SHMLinkPool(SHMPTR first, int block_size, int num_blocks);
+static BOOL   SHMMapUnknownSegments(void);
+static BOOL   SHMAddSegment(void);
+
+
+#define init_waste()
+#define log_waste(x,y)
+#define save_waste()
+
+/* Public function implementations ********************************************/
+
+/*++
+SHMInitialize
+
+Hook this process into the PAL shared memory system; initialize the shared
+memory if no other process has done it.
+
+--*/
+BOOL SHMInitialize(void)
+{
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+    init_waste();
+    
+        int size;
+        SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+        SHMPTR pool_start;
+        SHMPTR pool_end;
+        enum SHM_POOL_SIZES sps;
+
+        TRACE("Now initializing global shared memory system\n");
+        
+        // Not really shared in CoreCLR; we don't try to talk to other CoreCLRs.
+        shm_segment_bases[0] = mmap(NULL, segment_size,PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
+                                    MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
+        if(shm_segment_bases[0] == MAP_FAILED)
+        {
+            ERROR("mmap() failed; error is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        TRACE("Mapped first SHM segment at %p\n",shm_segment_bases[0].Load());
+
+        /* Initialize first segment's header */
+        header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+        InterlockedExchange((LONG *)&header->spinlock, 0);
+        
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        header->dwHeadCanaries[0] = HeadSignature;
+        header->dwHeadCanaries[1] = HeadSignature;
+        header->dwTailCanaries[0] = TailSignature;
+        header->dwTailCanaries[1] = TailSignature;        
+
+        // Check spinlock size
+        _ASSERTE(sizeof(DWORD) == sizeof(header->spinlock));
+        // Check spinlock alignment
+        _ASSERTE(0 == ((DWORD_PTR)&header->spinlock % (DWORD_PTR)sizeof(void *)));        
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.pid = 0;
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid = 0;
+        memset((void *)header->pidtidOwners, 0, sizeof(header->pidtidOwners));
+        header->ulOwnersIdx = 0;
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+        /* SHM information array starts with NULLs */
+        memset((void *)header->shm_info, 0, SIID_LAST*sizeof(SHMPTR));
+
+        /* Initialize memory pools */
+
+        /* first pool starts right after header */
+        pool_start = roundup(sizeof(SHM_FIRST_HEADER), sizeof(INT64));
+
+        /* Same size for each pool, ensuring alignment is correct */
+        size = ((segment_size-pool_start)/SPS_LAST) & ~(sizeof(INT64)-1);
+
+        for (sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(0); sps < SPS_LAST;
+             sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(sps + 1))
+        {
+            pool_end = SHMInitPool(pool_start, block_sizes[sps], size,
+                                   (SHM_POOL_INFO *)&header->pools[sps]);
+
+            if(pool_end ==0)
+            {
+                ERROR("SHMInitPool failed.\n");
+                munmap(shm_segment_bases[0],segment_size);
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            /* save first and last element of each pool for this segment */
+            header->header.first_pool_blocks[sps] = pool_start;
+            header->header.last_pool_blocks[sps] = pool_end;
+
+            /* next pool starts immediately after this one */
+            pool_start +=size;
+        }
+
+        TRACE("Global shared memory initialization complete.\n");
+
+    shm_numsegments = 1;
+    lock_count = 0;
+    locking_thread = 0;
+
+    /* hook into all SHM segments */
+    if(!SHMMapUnknownSegments())
+    {
+        ERROR("Error while mapping segments!\n");
+        SHMCleanup();
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMCleanup
+
+Release all shared memory resources held; remove ourselves from the list of
+registered processes, and remove all shared memory files if no process remains
+
+Note that this function does not use thread suspension wrapper for unlink and free
+because all thread objects are deleted before this function is called
+in PALCommonCleanup.
+
+--*/
+void SHMCleanup(void)
+{
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+    pid_t my_pid;
+
+    TRACE("Starting shared memory cleanup\n");
+
+    SHMLock();
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    /* We should not be holding the spinlock at this point. If we are, release
+       the spinlock. by setting it to 0 */
+    my_pid = gPID;
+    header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    _ASSERT_MSG(header->spinlock != my_pid,
+            "SHMCleanup called while the current process still owns the lock "
+            "[owner thread=%u, current thread: %u]\n", 
+            locking_thread.Load(), THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId());
+
+    /* Now for the interprocess stuff. */
+    DeleteCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+
+    /* Unmap memory segments */
+    while(shm_numsegments)
+    {
+        shm_numsegments--;
+        if ( -1 == munmap( shm_segment_bases[ shm_numsegments ], 
+                           segment_size ) )
+        {
+            ASSERT( "munmap() failed; errno is %d (%s).\n",
+                  errno, strerror( errno ) );
+        }
+    }
+
+    save_waste();
+    TRACE("SHMCleanup complete!\n");
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMalloc
+
+Allocate a block of memory of the specified size
+
+Parameters :
+    size_t size : size of block required
+
+Return value :
+    A SHMPTR identifying the new block, or 0 on failure. Use SHMPTR_TO_PTR to
+    convert a SHMPTR into a useable pointer (but remember to lock the shared
+    memory first!)
+
+Notes :
+    SHMalloc will fail if the requested size is larger than a certain maximum.
+    At the moment, the maximum is 520 bytes (MAX_LONGPATH*2).
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMalloc(size_t size)
+{
+    enum SHM_POOL_SIZES sps;
+    SHMPTR first_free;
+    SHMPTR next_free;
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+    SHMPTR *shmptr_ptr;
+
+    TRACE("SHMalloc() called; requested size is %u\n", size);
+
+    if(0 == size)
+    {
+        WARN("Got a request for a 0-byte block! returning 0\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Find the first block size >= requested size */
+    for (sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(0); sps < SPS_LAST;
+         sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(sps + 1))
+    {
+        if (size <= static_cast<size_t>(block_sizes[sps]))
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If no block size is found, requested size was too large. */
+    if( SPS_LAST == sps )
+    {
+        ASSERT("Got request for shared memory block of %u bytes; maximum block "
+              "size is %d.\n", size, block_sizes[SPS_LAST-1]);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Best block size is %d (%d bytes wasted)\n",
+          block_sizes[sps], block_sizes[sps]-size );
+
+    log_waste(sps, block_sizes[sps]-size);
+
+    SHMLock();
+    header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    /* If there are no free items of the specified size left, it's time to
+       allocate a new shared memory segment.*/
+    if(header->pools[sps].free_items == 0)
+    {
+        TRACE("No blocks of %d bytes left; allocating new segment.\n",
+              block_sizes[sps]);
+        if(!SHMAddSegment())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate new shared memory segment!\n");
+            SHMRelease();
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Remove the first free block from the pool */
+    first_free = header->pools[sps].first_free;
+    shmptr_ptr = static_cast<SHMPTR*>(SHMPTR_TO_PTR(first_free));
+
+    if( 0 == first_free )
+    {
+        ASSERT("First free block in %d-byte pool (%08x) was invalid!\n",
+              block_sizes[sps], first_free);
+        SHMRelease();
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* the block "first_free" is the head of a linked list of free blocks;
+       take the next link in the list and set it as new head of list. */
+    next_free = *shmptr_ptr;
+    header->pools[sps].first_free = next_free;
+    header->pools[sps].free_items--;
+
+    /* make sure we're still in a sane state */
+    if(( 0 == header->pools[sps].free_items && 0 != next_free) ||
+       ( 0 != header->pools[sps].free_items && 0 == next_free))
+    {
+        ASSERT("free block count is %d, but next free block is %#x\n", 
+               header->pools[sps].free_items, next_free);
+        /* assume all remaining blocks in the pool are corrupt */
+        header->pools[sps].first_free = 0;
+        header->pools[sps].free_items = 0;
+    }
+    else if (0 != next_free && 0 == SHMPTR_TO_PTR(next_free) )
+    {
+        ASSERT("Next free block (%#x) in %d-byte pool is invalid!\n",
+               next_free, block_sizes[sps]);
+        /* assume all remaining blocks in the pool are corrupt */
+        header->pools[sps].first_free = 0;
+        header->pools[sps].free_items = 0;
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+
+    TRACE("Allocation successful; %d blocks of %d bytes left. Returning %08x\n",
+          header->pools[sps].free_items, block_sizes[sps], first_free);
+    return first_free;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMfree
+
+Release a block of shared memory and put it back in the shared memory pool
+
+Parameters :
+    SHMPTR shmptr : identifier of block to release
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void SHMfree(SHMPTR shmptr)
+{
+    int segment;
+    int offset;
+    SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER *header;
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *first_header;
+    enum SHM_POOL_SIZES sps;
+    SHMPTR *shmptr_ptr;
+
+    if(0 == shmptr)
+    {
+        WARN("can't SHMfree() a NULL SHMPTR!\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    SHMLock();
+
+    TRACE("Releasing SHMPTR 0x%08x\n", shmptr);
+
+    shmptr_ptr = static_cast<SHMPTR*>(SHMPTR_TO_PTR(shmptr));
+
+    if(!shmptr_ptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Tried to free an invalid shared memory pointer 0x%08x\n", shmptr);
+        SHMRelease();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* note : SHMPTR_TO_PTR has already validated the segment/offset pair */
+    segment = SHMPTR_SEGMENT(shmptr);
+    header = (SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[segment].Load();
+
+    /* Find out the size of this block. Each segment tells where are its first
+       and last blocks for each block size, so we simply need to check in which
+       interval the block fits */
+    for (sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(0); sps < SPS_LAST;
+         sps = static_cast<SHM_POOL_SIZES>(sps + 1))
+    {
+        if(header->first_pool_blocks[sps]<=shmptr &&
+           header->last_pool_blocks[sps]>=shmptr)
+        {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* If we didn't find an interval, then the block doesn't really belong in
+       this segment (shouldn't happen, the offset check in SHMPTR_TO_PTR should
+       have caught this.)  */
+    if(sps == SPS_LAST)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Shared memory pointer 0x%08x is out of bounds!\n", shmptr);
+        SHMRelease();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("SHMPTR 0x%08x is a %d-byte block located in segment %d\n",
+          shmptr, block_sizes[sps], segment);
+
+    /* Determine the offset of this block (in bytes) relative to the first
+       block of the same size in this segment */
+    offset = shmptr - header->first_pool_blocks[sps];
+
+    /* Make sure that the offset is a multiple of the block size; otherwise,
+       this isn't a real SHMPTR */
+    if( 0 != ( offset % block_sizes[sps] ) )
+    {
+        ASSERT("Shared memory pointer 0x%08x is misaligned!\n", shmptr);
+        SHMRelease();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /* Put the SHMPTR back in its pool. */
+    first_header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    /* first_free is the head of a linked list of free SHMPTRs. All we need to
+       do is make shmptr point to first_free, and set shmptr as the new head
+       of the list. */
+    *shmptr_ptr = first_header->pools[sps].first_free;
+    first_header->pools[sps].first_free = shmptr;
+    first_header->pools[sps].free_items++;
+
+    TRACE("SHMPTR 0x%08x released; there are now %d blocks of %d bytes "
+          "available\n", shmptr, first_header->pools[sps].free_items,
+          block_sizes[sps]);
+    SHMRelease();
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMLock
+
+Restrict shared memory access to the current thread of the current process
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    New lock count
+
+Notes :
+see comments at the declaration of shm_critsec for rationale of critical
+section usage
+--*/
+int SHMLock(void)
+{
+    /* Hold the critical section until the lock is released */
+    PALCEnterCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+    _ASSERTE((0 == lock_count && 0 == locking_thread) ||
+             (0 < lock_count && (HANDLE)pthread_self() == locking_thread));
+             
+    if(lock_count == 0)
+    {
+        SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+        pid_t my_pid, tmp_pid;
+        int spincount = 1;
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        ULONG ulIdx;
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+        TRACE("First-level SHM lock : taking spinlock\n");
+
+        header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+        // Store the id of the current thread as the (only) one that is 
+        // trying to grab the spinlock from the current process
+        locking_thread = (HANDLE)pthread_self();
+
+        my_pid = gPID;
+        
+        while(TRUE)
+        {
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+            _ASSERTE(0 != my_pid);
+            _ASSERTE(getpid() == my_pid);
+            _ASSERTE(my_pid != header->spinlock);
+            CHECK_CANARIES(header);
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+            //
+            // Try to grab the spinlock
+            //
+            tmp_pid = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *) &header->spinlock, my_pid,0);
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+            CHECK_CANARIES(header);
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+#ifdef _HPUX_
+            //
+            // TODO: workaround for VSW # 381564
+            // 
+            if (0 == tmp_pid && my_pid != header->spinlock)
+            {
+                ERROR("InterlockedCompareExchange returned the Comperand but "
+                      "failed to store the Exchange value to the Destination: "
+                      "looping again [my_pid=%u header->spinlock=%u tmp_pid=%u "
+                      "spincount=%d locking_thread=%u]\n", (DWORD)my_pid, 
+                      (DWORD)header->spinlock, (DWORD)tmp_pid, (int)spincount, 
+                      (HANDLE)locking_thread);
+
+                // Keep looping
+                tmp_pid = 42;
+            }
+#endif // _HPUX_
+
+            if (0 == tmp_pid)
+            {
+                // Spinlock acquired: break out of the loop
+                break;
+            }
+
+            /* Check if lock holder is alive. If it isn't, we can reset the
+               spinlock and try to take it again. If it is, we have to wait.
+               We use "spincount" to do this check only every 8th time through
+               the loop, for performance reasons.*/
+            if( (0 == (spincount&0x7)) &&
+                (-1 == kill(tmp_pid,0)) &&
+                (errno == ESRCH))
+            {
+                TRACE("SHM spinlock owner (%08x) is dead; releasing its lock\n",
+                      tmp_pid);
+
+                InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *) &header->spinlock, 0, tmp_pid);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* another process is holding the lock... we want to yield and 
+                   give the holder a chance to release the lock
+                   The function sched_yield() only yields to a thread in the 
+                   current process; this doesn't help us much, anddoens't help 
+                   at all if there's only 1 thread. There doesn't seem to be 
+                   any clean way to force a yield to another process, but the 
+                   FreeBSD syscall "yield" does the job. We alternate between 
+                   both methods to give other threads of this process a chance 
+                   to run while we wait.
+                 */
+#if HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL
+                if(spincount&1)
+                {
+#endif  /* HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL */
+                    sched_yield();
+#if HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* use the syscall first, since we know we'l need to yield 
+                       to another process eventually - the lock can't be held 
+                       by the current process, thanks to the critical section */
+                    syscall(SYS_yield, 0);
+                }
+#endif  /* HAVE_YIELD_SYSCALL */
+            }
+
+            // Increment spincount
+            spincount++;
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(my_pid == header->spinlock,
+            "\n(my_pid = %u) != (header->spinlock = %u)\n"
+            "tmp_pid         = %u\n"
+            "spincount       = %d\n"
+            "locking_thread  = %u\n", 
+            (DWORD)my_pid, (DWORD)header->spinlock, 
+            (DWORD)tmp_pid,
+            (int)spincount,
+            (HANDLE)locking_thread);
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        _ASSERTE(0 == header->pidtidCurrentOwner.pid);
+        _ASSERTE(0 == header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid);
+
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.pid = my_pid;
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid = locking_thread;
+
+        ulIdx = header->ulOwnersIdx % (sizeof(header->pidtidOwners) / sizeof(header->pidtidOwners[0])); 
+        
+        header->pidtidOwners[ulIdx].pid = my_pid;
+        header->pidtidOwners[ulIdx].tid = locking_thread;
+
+        header->ulOwnersIdx += 1;
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        
+    }
+
+    lock_count++;
+    TRACE("SHM lock level is now %d\n", lock_count.Load());
+    return lock_count;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMRelease
+
+Release a lock on shared memory taken with SHMLock.
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    New lock count
+
+--*/
+int SHMRelease(void)
+{
+    /* prevent a thread from releasing another thread's lock */
+    PALCEnterCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+    if(lock_count==0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("SHMRelease called without matching SHMLock!\n");
+        PALCLeaveCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    lock_count--;
+
+    _ASSERTE(lock_count >= 0);
+
+    /* If lock count is 0, this call matches the first Lock call; it's time to
+       set the spinlock back to 0. */
+    if(lock_count == 0)
+    {
+        SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+        pid_t my_pid, tmp_pid;
+
+        TRACE("Releasing first-level SHM lock : resetting spinlock\n");
+
+        my_pid = gPID;
+        
+        header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        CHECK_CANARIES(header);
+        _ASSERTE(0 != my_pid);
+        _ASSERTE(getpid() == my_pid);        
+        _ASSERTE(my_pid == header->spinlock);
+        _ASSERTE(header->pidtidCurrentOwner.pid == my_pid);
+        _ASSERTE(pthread_self() == header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid);
+        _ASSERTE((pthread_t)locking_thread == header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid);
+
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.pid = 0;
+        header->pidtidCurrentOwner.tid = 0;
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+
+
+#ifdef _HPUX_
+        //
+        // TODO: workaround for VSW # 381564 
+        //
+        do
+#endif // _HPUX_
+        {
+            /* Make sure we don't touch the spinlock if we don't own it. We're
+               supposed to own it if we get here, but just in case... */
+            tmp_pid = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *) &header->spinlock, 0, my_pid);
+
+            if (tmp_pid != my_pid)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Process 0x%08x tried to release spinlock owned by process "
+                       "0x%08x! \n", my_pid, tmp_pid);
+                PALCLeaveCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+#ifdef _HPUX_
+        //
+        // TODO: workaround for VSW # 381564
+        //
+        while (my_pid == header->spinlock);
+#endif // _HPUX_
+
+        /* indicate no thread (in this process) holds the SHM lock */
+        locking_thread = 0;
+
+#ifdef TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+        CHECK_CANARIES(header);
+#endif // TRACK_SHMLOCK_OWNERSHIP
+    }
+
+    TRACE("SHM lock level is now %d\n", lock_count.Load());
+
+    /* This matches the EnterCriticalSection from SHMRelease */
+    PALCLeaveCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+    /* This matches the EnterCriticalSection from SHMLock */
+    PALCLeaveCriticalSection(&shm_critsec);
+
+    return lock_count;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMPtrToPtr
+
+Convert a SHMPTR value to a valid pointer within the address space of the
+current process
+
+Parameters :
+    SHMPTR shmptr : SHMPTR value to convert into a pointer
+
+Return value :
+    Address corresponding to the given SHMPTR, valid for the current process
+
+Notes :
+(see notes for SHMPTR_SEGMENT macro for details on SHMPTR structure)
+
+It is possible for the segment index to be greater than the known total number
+of segments (shm_numsegments); this means that the SHMPTR points to a memory
+block in a shared memory segment this process doesn't know about. In this case,
+we must obtain an address for that new segment and add it to our array
+(see SHMMapUnknownSegments for details)
+
+In the simplest case (no need to map new segments), there is no need to hold
+the lock, since we don't access any information that can change
+--*/
+LPVOID SHMPtrToPtr(SHMPTR shmptr)
+{
+    void *retval;
+    int segment;
+    int offset;
+
+    TRACE("Converting SHMPTR 0x%08x to a valid pointer...\n", shmptr);
+    if(!shmptr)
+    {
+        WARN("Got SHMPTR \"0\"; returning NULL pointer\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    segment = SHMPTR_SEGMENT(shmptr);
+
+    /* If segment isn't known, it may have been added by another process. We
+       need to map all new segments into our address space. */
+    if(segment>= shm_numsegments)
+    {
+        TRACE("SHMPTR is in segment %d, we know only %d. We must now map all "
+              "unknowns.\n", segment, shm_numsegments);
+        SHMMapUnknownSegments();
+
+        /* if segment is still unknown, then it doesn't exist */
+        if(segment>=shm_numsegments)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Segment %d still unknown; returning NULL\n", segment);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        TRACE("Segment %d found; continuing\n", segment);
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure the offset doesn't point outside the segment */
+    offset = SHMPTR_OFFSET(shmptr);
+    if(offset>=segment_size)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Offset %d is larger than segment size (%d)! returning NULL\n",
+              offset, segment_size);
+        return NULL;
+
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure the offset doesn't point in the segment's header */
+    if(segment == 0)
+    {
+        if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) < roundup(sizeof(SHM_FIRST_HEADER), sizeof(INT64)))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Offset %d is in segment header! returning NULL\n", offset);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (static_cast<size_t>(offset) < sizeof(SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Offset %d is in segment header! returning NULL\n", offset);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    retval = shm_segment_bases[segment];
+    retval = static_cast<BYTE*>(retval) + offset;
+
+    TRACE("SHMPTR %#x is at offset %d in segment %d; maps to address %p\n",
+          shmptr, offset, segment, retval);
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SHMGetInfo
+
+    Retrieve some information from shared memory
+
+Parameters :
+    SHM_INFO_ID element : identifier of element to retrieve
+
+Return value :
+    Value of specified element
+
+Notes :
+    The SHM lock should be held while manipulating shared memory
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMGetInfo(SHM_INFO_ID element)
+{
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header = NULL;
+    SHMPTR retval = 0;
+
+    if(element < 0 || element >= SIID_LAST)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid SHM info element %d\n", element);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* verify that this thread holds the SHM lock. No race condition: if the 
+       current thread is here, it can't be in SHMLock or SHMUnlock */
+    if( (HANDLE)pthread_self() != locking_thread )
+    {
+        ASSERT("SHMGetInfo called while thread does not hold the SHM lock!\n");
+    }
+
+    header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    retval = header->shm_info[element];
+
+    TRACE("SHM info element %d is %08x\n", element, retval );
+    return retval;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    SHMSetInfo
+
+    Place some information into shared memory
+
+Parameters :
+    SHM_INFO_ID element : identifier of element to save
+    SHMPTR value : new value of element
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE if successfull, FALSE otherwise.
+
+Notes :
+    The SHM lock should be held while manipulating shared memory
+--*/
+BOOL SHMSetInfo(SHM_INFO_ID element, SHMPTR value)
+{
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *header;
+
+    if(element < 0 || element >= SIID_LAST)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid SHM info element %d\n", element);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+    
+    /* verify that this thread holds the SHM lock. No race condition: if the 
+       current thread is here, it can't be in SHMLock or SHMUnlock */
+    if( (HANDLE)pthread_self() != locking_thread )
+    {
+        ASSERT("SHMGetInfo called while thread does not hold the SHM lock!\n");
+    }
+
+    header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER*)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    TRACE("Setting SHM info element %d to %08x; used to be %08x\n",
+          element, value, header->shm_info[element].Load() );
+
+    header->shm_info[element] = value;
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+
+/* Static function implementations ********************************************/
+
+/*++
+SHMInitPool
+
+Perform one-time initialization for a shared memory pool.
+
+Parameters :
+    SHMPTR first : SHMPTR of first memory block in the pool
+    int block_size : size (in bytes) of a memory block in this pool
+    int pool_size : total size (in bytes) of this pool
+    SHM_POOL_INFO *pool : pointer to initialize with information about the pool
+
+Return value :
+    SHMPTR of last memory block in the pool
+
+Notes :
+This function is used to initialize the memory pools of the first SHM segment.
+In addition to creating a linked list of SHMPTRs, it initializes the given
+SHM_POOL_INFO based on the given information.
+--*/
+static SHMPTR SHMInitPool(SHMPTR first, int block_size, int pool_size,
+                          SHM_POOL_INFO *pool)
+{
+    int num_blocks;
+    SHMPTR last;
+
+    TRACE("Initializing SHM pool for %d-byte blocks\n", block_size);
+
+    /* Number of memory blocks of size "block_size" that can fit in "pool_size"
+       bytes (rounded down) */
+    num_blocks = pool_size/block_size;
+
+    /* Create the initial linked list of free blocks */
+    last = SHMLinkPool(first, block_size, num_blocks);
+    if( 0 == last )
+    {
+        ERROR("Failed to create linked list of free blocks!\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* Initialize SHM_POOL_INFO */
+    pool->first_free = first;
+    pool->free_items = num_blocks;
+    pool->item_size = block_size;
+    pool->num_items = num_blocks;
+
+    TRACE("New SHM pool extends from SHMPTR 0x%08x to 0x%08x\n", first, last);
+    return last;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMLinkPool
+
+Joins contiguous blocks of memory into a linked list..
+
+Parameters :
+    SHMPTR first : First SHMPTR in the memory pool; first link in the list
+    int block_size : size (in bytes) of the memory blocks
+    int num_blocks : number of contiguous blocks to link
+
+Return value :
+    SHMPTR of last memory block in the pool
+
+Notes :
+The linked list is created by saving the value of the next SHMPTR in the list
+in the memory location corresponding to the previous SHMPTR :
+*(SHMPTR *)SHMPTR_TO_PTR(previous) = previous + block_size
+--*/
+static SHMPTR SHMLinkPool(SHMPTR first, int block_size, int num_blocks)
+{
+    LPBYTE item_ptr;
+    SHMPTR *shmptr_ptr;
+    SHMPTR next_shmptr;
+    int i;
+
+    TRACE("Linking %d blocks of %d bytes, starting at 0x%08x\n",
+          num_blocks, block_size, first);
+
+    item_ptr = static_cast<LPBYTE>(
+        static_cast<LPBYTE>(shm_segment_bases[SHMPTR_SEGMENT(first)].Load()) +
+            (SHMPTR_OFFSET(first)));
+    next_shmptr = first/*+block_size*/;
+
+    /* Link blocks together */
+    for(i=0; i<num_blocks; i++)
+    {
+        next_shmptr += block_size;
+
+        /* item_ptr is char * (so we can increment with +=blocksize), we cast
+           it to a SHMPTR * and set its content to the next SHMPTR in the list*/
+        shmptr_ptr = (SHMPTR *)item_ptr;
+        *shmptr_ptr = next_shmptr;
+
+        item_ptr+=block_size;
+    }
+    /* Last SHMPTR in the list must point to NULL */
+    item_ptr-=block_size;
+    shmptr_ptr = (SHMPTR *)item_ptr;
+    *shmptr_ptr = 0;
+
+    /* Return SHMPTR of last element in the list */
+    next_shmptr -= block_size;
+
+    TRACE("New linked pool goes from 0x%08x to 0x%08x\n", first, next_shmptr);
+    return next_shmptr;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMMapUnknownSegments
+
+Map into this process all SHM segments not yet mapped
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE in case of error
+--*/
+static BOOL SHMMapUnknownSegments(void)
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMAddSegment
+
+Create a new SHM segment, map it into this process, initialize it, then link it
+to the other SHM segments
+
+(no parameters)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success, FALSE in case of error
+
+Notes :
+    This function assumes the SHM lock is held.
+--*/
+static BOOL SHMAddSegment(void)
+{
+    LPVOID segment_base;
+    SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER *header;
+    SHM_FIRST_HEADER *first_header;
+    SHMPTR first_shmptr;
+    SHMPTR *shmptr_ptr;
+    int sps;
+    int used_size;
+    int new_size;
+    int current_pool_size;
+    int used_pool_size;
+    int new_pool_size;
+    int num_new_items;
+
+    /* Map all segments this process doesn't yet know about, so we link the new
+       segment at the right place */
+    if(!SHMMapUnknownSegments())
+    {
+        ERROR("SHMMapUnknownSegments failed!\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    /* Avoid overflowing */
+    if(shm_numsegments == MAX_SEGMENTS)
+    {
+        ERROR("Can't map more segments : maximum number (%d) reached!\n",
+              MAX_SEGMENTS);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Creating SHM segment #%d\n", shm_numsegments);
+
+    segment_base = mmap(NULL, segment_size, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE,
+                        MAP_ANON|MAP_PRIVATE,-1, 0);
+
+    if(segment_base == MAP_FAILED)
+    {
+        ERROR("mmap() failed! error is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    shm_segment_bases[shm_numsegments] = segment_base;
+
+    /* Save name (well, suffix) of new segment in the header of the old last
+       segment, so that other processes know where it is. */
+    header = (SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[shm_numsegments-1].Load();
+
+    /* Indicate that the new segment is the last one */
+    header = (SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER *)segment_base;
+
+    /* We're now ready to update our memory pools */
+
+    first_header = (SHM_FIRST_HEADER *)shm_segment_bases[0].Load();
+
+    /* Calculate total amount of used memory (in bytes) */
+    used_size = 0;
+    for(sps = 0; sps<SPS_LAST;sps++)
+    {
+        /* Add total size of this pool */
+        used_size += first_header->pools[sps].num_items*block_sizes[sps];
+
+        /* Remove unused size of this pool */
+        used_size -= first_header->pools[sps].free_items*block_sizes[sps];
+    }
+
+    /* Determine how to divide the new segment between the pools for the
+       different block sizes, then update the pool inforamtion accordingly
+       Allocation strategy :
+       1) Calculate the proportion of used memory used by each pool
+       2) Allocate this proportion of the new segment to each pool
+     */
+
+    /* Add the new segment to the total amount of SHM memory */
+    new_size = segment_size-roundup(sizeof(SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER), sizeof(INT64));
+
+    /* Calculate value of first SHMPTR in the new segment : segment is
+       shm_numsegments (not yet incremented); offset is the first byte after
+       the segment header */
+    first_shmptr = MAKE_SHMPTR(shm_numsegments,roundup(sizeof(SHM_SEGMENT_HEADER), sizeof(INT64)));
+
+    TRACE("Updating SHM pool information; Total memory used is %d bytes; "
+          "we are adding %d bytes\n", used_size, new_size);
+
+    /* We want to allocate at least 1 block of each size (to avoid adding
+       special cases everywhere). We remove the required space for these blocks
+       from the size used in the calculations, then add 1 to each block count */
+    for(sps=0;sps<SPS_LAST;sps++)
+        new_size -= block_sizes[sps];
+
+    /* Loop through all block sizes */
+    for(sps=0; sps<SPS_LAST; sps++)
+    {
+        TRACE("Now processing block size \"%d\"...\n", block_sizes[sps]);
+        /* amount of memory currently reserved for this block size */
+        current_pool_size = first_header->pools[sps].num_items*block_sizes[sps];
+
+        /* how much of that is actually used? */
+        used_pool_size = current_pool_size -
+                         first_header->pools[sps].free_items*block_sizes[sps];
+
+        DBGOUT("%d bytes of %d bytes used (%d%%)\n", used_pool_size,
+               current_pool_size, (used_pool_size*100)/current_pool_size);
+
+        /* amount of memory we want to add to the pool for this block size :
+           amount used by this pool/total amount used * new segment's size */
+        new_pool_size = (((LONGLONG)used_pool_size)*new_size)/used_size;
+
+        DBGOUT("Allocating %d bytes of %d to %d-byte pool\n",
+               new_pool_size, new_size, block_sizes[sps]);
+
+        /* determine the number of blocks that can fit in the chosen amount */
+        num_new_items = new_pool_size/block_sizes[sps];
+
+        /* make sure we allocate at least 1 block of each size */
+        num_new_items +=1;
+
+        DBGOUT("Adding %d new blocks\n", num_new_items);
+
+        /* Save the first and last block of the current block size in the new
+           segment; join all blocks in between in a linked list */
+        header->first_pool_blocks[sps] = first_shmptr;
+        header->last_pool_blocks[sps] = SHMLinkPool(first_shmptr,
+                                                    block_sizes[sps],
+                                                    num_new_items);
+
+        /* Link the last block in the new linked list to the first block of the
+           old global linked list. We don't use SHMPTR_TO_PTR because the pool
+           data isn't updated yet */
+        shmptr_ptr = reinterpret_cast<SHMPTR*>(
+            static_cast<LPBYTE>(shm_segment_bases[SHMPTR_SEGMENT(header->last_pool_blocks[sps])].Load()) +
+                     SHMPTR_OFFSET(header->last_pool_blocks[sps]));
+
+        *shmptr_ptr = first_header->pools[sps].first_free;
+
+        /* Save the first block of the new linked list as the new beginning of
+           the global linked list; the global list now contains all new blocks
+           AND all blocks that were already free */
+        first_header->pools[sps].first_free = header->first_pool_blocks[sps];
+
+        /* Update block counts to include new blocks */
+        first_header->pools[sps].free_items+=num_new_items;
+        first_header->pools[sps].num_items+=num_new_items;
+
+        DBGOUT("There are now %d %d-byte blocks, %d are free\n",
+               first_header->pools[sps].num_items, block_sizes[sps],
+               first_header->pools[sps].free_items);
+
+        /* Update first_shmptr to first byte after the new pool */
+        first_shmptr+=num_new_items*block_sizes[sps];
+    }
+    shm_numsegments++;
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMStrDup
+
+Duplicates the string in shared memory.
+
+Returns the new address as SHMPTR on success.
+Returns (SHMPTR)NULL on failure.
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMStrDup( LPCSTR string )
+{
+    UINT length = 0;
+    SHMPTR retVal = 0;
+
+    if ( string )
+    {
+        length = strlen( string );
+
+        retVal = SHMalloc( ++length );
+
+        if ( retVal != 0 ) 
+        {
+            LPVOID ptr = SHMPTR_TO_PTR( retVal );
+            _ASSERT_MSG(ptr != NULL, "SHMPTR_TO_PTR returned NULL.\n");
+            if (ptr != NULL)
+            {
+                memcpy( ptr, string, length );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // This code should never be reached. If a valid pointer
+                // is passed to SHMPTR_TO_PTR and NULL is returned, then
+                // there's a problem in either the macro, or the underlying
+                // call to SHMPtrToPtr. In case the impossible happens,
+                // though, free the memory and return NULL rather than
+                // returning uninitialized memory.
+                SHMfree( retVal );
+                retVal = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return retVal;
+}
+
+/*++
+SHMWStrDup
+
+Duplicates the wide string in shared memory.
+
+Returns the new address as SHMPTR on success.
+Returns (SHMPTR)NULL on failure.
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMWStrDup( LPCWSTR string )
+{
+    UINT length = 0;
+    SHMPTR retVal = 0;
+
+    if ( string )
+    {
+        length = ( PAL_wcslen( string ) + 1 ) * sizeof( WCHAR );
+        
+        retVal = SHMalloc( length );
+
+        if ( retVal != 0 ) 
+        {
+            LPVOID ptr = SHMPTR_TO_PTR(retVal);
+            _ASSERT_MSG(ptr != NULL, "SHMPTR_TO_PTR returned NULL.\n");
+            if (ptr != NULL)
+            {
+                memcpy( ptr, string, length );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // This code should never be reached. If a valid pointer
+                // is passed to SHMPTR_TO_PTR and NULL is returned, then
+                // there's a problem in either the macro, or the underlying
+                // call to SHMPtrToPtr. In case the impossible happens,
+                // though, free the memory and return NULL rather than
+                // returning uninitialized memory.
+                SHMfree( retVal );
+                retVal = NULL;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return retVal;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+SHMFindNamedObjectByName
+
+Searches for an object whose name matches the name and ID passed in.
+
+Returns a SHMPTR to its location in shared memory. If no object
+matches the name, the function returns NULL and sets pbNameExists to FALSE.
+If an object matches the name but is of a different type, the function
+returns NULL and sets pbNameExists to TRUE.
+
+--*/
+SHMPTR SHMFindNamedObjectByName( LPCWSTR lpName, SHM_NAMED_OBJECTS_ID oid,
+                                 BOOL *pbNameExists )
+{
+    PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS pNamedObject = NULL;
+    SHMPTR shmNamedObject = 0;
+    LPWSTR object_name = NULL;
+
+    if(oid==SHM_NAMED_LAST)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Invalid named object type.\n");
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    if (pbNameExists == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pbNameExists must be non-NULL.\n");
+    }
+
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    *pbNameExists = FALSE;
+    shmNamedObject = SHMGetInfo( SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS );
+    
+    TRACE( "Entering SHMFindNamedObjectByName looking for %S .\n", 
+           lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING );
+
+    while ( shmNamedObject )
+    {
+        pNamedObject = (PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( shmNamedObject );
+        if(NULL == pNamedObject)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Got invalid SHMPTR value; list of named objects is "
+                   "corrupted.\n");
+            break;
+        }
+        
+        if ( pNamedObject->ShmObjectName )
+        {
+            object_name = (LPWSTR)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( pNamedObject->ShmObjectName );
+        }
+
+        if ( object_name && 
+             PAL_wcscmp( lpName, object_name ) == 0 )
+        {
+            if(oid == pNamedObject->ObjectType)
+            {
+                TRACE( "Returning the kernel object %p.\n", pNamedObject );
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                shmNamedObject = 0;
+                *pbNameExists = TRUE;
+            }
+            goto Exit;
+        }
+        shmNamedObject = pNamedObject->ShmNext;
+    }
+
+    shmNamedObject = 0;
+    TRACE( "No matching kernel object was found.\n" );
+
+Exit:
+    SHMRelease();
+    return shmNamedObject;
+
+}
+
+/*++ 
+SHMRemoveNamedObject
+
+Removes the specified named object from the list
+
+No return.
+
+note : the caller is reponsible for releasing all associated memory
+--*/
+void SHMRemoveNamedObject( SHMPTR shmNamedObject )
+{
+    PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS pshmLast = 0;
+    PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS pshmCurrent = 0;
+
+    TRACE( "Entered SHMDeleteNamedObject shmNamedObject = %d\n", shmNamedObject );
+    SHMLock();
+
+    pshmCurrent = 
+        (PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( SHMGetInfo( SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS ) );
+    pshmLast = pshmCurrent;
+
+    while ( pshmCurrent )
+    {
+        if ( pshmCurrent->ShmSelf == shmNamedObject )
+        {
+            TRACE( "Patching the list.\n" );
+            
+            /* Patch the list, and delete the object. */
+            if ( pshmLast->ShmSelf == pshmCurrent->ShmSelf )
+            {
+                /* Either the first element or no elements left. */
+                SHMSetInfo( SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS, pshmCurrent->ShmNext );
+            }
+            else if ( (PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( pshmCurrent->ShmNext ) )
+            {
+                pshmLast->ShmNext = pshmCurrent->ShmNext;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                /* Only one left. */
+                pshmLast->ShmNext = 0;
+            }
+            
+            break;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pshmLast = pshmCurrent;
+            pshmCurrent = (PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( pshmCurrent->ShmNext );
+        }
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+    return;
+}
+
+/*++ SHMAddNamedObject
+
+Adds the specified named object to the list.
+
+No return.
+--*/
+void SHMAddNamedObject( SHMPTR shmNewNamedObject )
+{
+    PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS pshmNew = 0;
+   
+    pshmNew = (PSHM_NAMED_OBJECTS)SHMPTR_TO_PTR( shmNewNamedObject );
+   
+    if ( pshmNew == NULL )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "pshmNew should not be NULL\n" );
+    }
+ 
+    SHMLock();
+    
+    pshmNew->ShmNext = SHMGetInfo( SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS );
+    
+    if ( !SHMSetInfo( SIID_NAMED_OBJECTS, shmNewNamedObject ) )
+    {
+        ASSERT( "Unable to add the mapping object to shared memory.\n" );
+    }
+
+    SHMRelease();
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/sync/cs.cpp b/src/pal/src/sync/cs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..530e467301
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/sync/cs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1603 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// File:
+//     cs.cpp
+//
+// Purpose:
+//     Implementation of critical sections
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/list.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+//
+// Uncomment the following line to turn CS behavior from 
+// unfair to fair lock
+//
+// #define PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+
+//
+// Uncomment the following line to enable simple mutex based CSs
+// Note: when MUTEX_BASED_CSS is defined, PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+// has no effect
+//
+// #define MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+
+//
+// Important notes on critical sections layout/semantics on Unix
+//
+// 1) The PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION structure below must match the size of the 
+//    CRITICAL_SECTION defined in pal.h. Besides the "windows part"
+//    of both the structures must be identical.
+// 2) Both PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION and CRITICAL_SECTION currently do not match 
+//    the size of the Windows' CRITICAL_SECTION.
+//    - From unmanaged code point of view, one should never make assumptions 
+//      on the size and layout of the CRITICAL_SECTION structure, and anyway 
+//      on Unix PAL's CRITICAL_SECTION extends the  Windows one, so that some 
+//      assumptions may still work.
+//    - From managed code point of view, one could try to interop directly 
+//      to unmanaged critical sections APIs (though that would be quite 
+//      meaningless). In order to do that, she would need to define a copy 
+//      of the CRITICAL_SECTION structure in his/her code, and that may lead 
+//      to access random data beyond the structure limit, if that managed 
+//      code is compiled on Unix.
+//      In case such scenario should be supported, the  current implementation 
+//      will have to be modified in a way to go back to the original Windows 
+//      CRITICAL_SECTION layout. That would require to dynamically allocate 
+//      the native data and use LockSemaphore as a pointer to it. The current 
+//      solution intentionally avoids that since an effort has been made to 
+//      make CSs objects completely independent from any other PAL subsystem, 
+//      so that they can be used during initialization and shutdown.
+//      In case the "dynamically allocate native data" solution should be 
+//      implemented, CSs would acquire a dependency on memory allocation and 
+//      thread suspension subsystems, since the first contention on a specific 
+//      CS would trigger the native data allocation.
+// 3) The semantics of the LockCount field has not been kept compatible with 
+//    the Windows implementation. 
+//    Both on Windows and Unix the lower bit of LockCount indicates 
+//    whether or not the CS is locked (for both fair and unfair lock 
+//    solution), the second bit indicates whether or not currently there is a 
+//    waiter that has been awakened and that is trying to acquire the CS 
+//    (only unfair lock solution, unused in the fair one); starting from the 
+//    third bit, LockCount represents the number of waiter threads currently 
+//    waiting on the CS. 
+//    Windows, anyway, implements this semantics in negative logic, so that 
+//    an unlocked CS is represented by a LockCount == -1 (i.e. 0xFFFFFFFF, 
+//    all the bits set), while on Unix an unlocked CS has LockCount == 0.
+//    Windows needs to use negative logic to support legacy code bad enough 
+//    to directly access CS's fields making the assumption that 
+//    LockCount == -1 means CS unlocked. Unix will not support that, and 
+//    it uses positive logic.
+// 4) The CRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO layout on Unix is intentionally not 
+//    compatible with the Windows layout.
+// 5) For legacy code dependencies issues similar to those just described for 
+//    the LockCount field, Windows CS code maintains a per-process list of 
+//    debug info for all the CSs, both on debug and free/retail builds. On 
+//    Unix such a list is maintained only on debug builds, and no debug 
+//    info structure is allocated on free/retail builds
+//   
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(CRITSEC);
+
+#ifdef TRACE_CS_LOGIC
+#define CS_TRACE TRACE
+#else
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define CS_TRACE(args...)
+#else
+#define CS_TRACE(...)
+#endif
+#endif // TRACE_CS_LOGIC
+
+//
+// Note: PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC must be 2 *  PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER
+//
+#define PALCS_LOCK_INIT                0
+#define PALCS_LOCK_BIT                 1
+#define PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER     2
+#define PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC          4
+
+#define PALCS_GETLBIT(val)      ((int)(0!=(PALCS_LOCK_BIT&val)))
+#define PALCS_GETAWBIT(val)     ((int)(0!=(PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER&val)))
+#define PALCS_GETWCOUNT(val)    (val/PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC)
+
+enum PalCsInitState 
+{ 
+    PalCsNotInitialized,    // Critical section not initialized (InitializedCriticalSection
+                            // has not yet been called, or DeleteCriticalsection has been 
+                            // called).
+    PalCsUserInitialized,   // Critical section initialized from the user point of view, 
+                            // i.e. InitializedCriticalSection has been called.
+    PalCsFullyInitializing, // A thread found the CS locked, this is the first contention on
+                            // this CS, and the thread is initializing the CS's native data.
+    PalCsFullyInitialized   // Internal CS's native data has been fully initialized.
+};
+
+enum PalCsWaiterReturnState 
+{ 
+    PalCsReturnWaiterAwakened, 
+    PalCsWaiterDidntWait 
+};
+
+struct _PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION; // fwd declaration
+
+typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO 
+{
+    LIST_ENTRY Link;
+    struct _PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pOwnerCS;
+    Volatile<ULONG> lAcquireCount;
+    Volatile<ULONG> lEnterCount;
+    Volatile<LONG> lContentionCount;    
+} CRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO, *PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO;
+
+typedef struct _PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION_NATIVE_DATA 
+{
+    pthread_mutex_t mutex;
+    pthread_cond_t condition;
+    int iPredicate;
+} PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION_NATIVE_DATA, *PPAL_CRITICAL_SECTION_NATIVE_DATA;
+
+typedef struct _PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION {
+    // Windows part
+    PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO DebugInfo;
+    Volatile<LONG> LockCount;
+    LONG RecursionCount;
+    SIZE_T OwningThread;
+    HANDLE LockSemaphore;
+    ULONG_PTR SpinCount;
+    // Private Unix part
+    BOOL fInternal;
+    Volatile<PalCsInitState> cisInitState;
+    PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION_NATIVE_DATA csndNativeData;    
+} PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION, *PPAL_CRITICAL_SECTION, *LPPAL_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+namespace CorUnix 
+{
+    PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION g_csPALCSsListLock;
+    LIST_ENTRY g_PALCSList = { &g_PALCSList, &g_PALCSList};    
+}
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+#define ObtainCurrentThreadId(thread) ObtainCurrentThreadIdImpl(thread, __func__)
+static SIZE_T ObtainCurrentThreadIdImpl(CPalThread *pCurrentThread, const char *callingFuncName)
+{
+    SIZE_T threadId;
+    if(pCurrentThread)
+    {
+        threadId = pCurrentThread->GetThreadId();
+        _ASSERTE(threadId == THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId());            
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        threadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+        CS_TRACE("Early %s, no pthread data, getting TID internally\n", callingFuncName);
+    }
+    _ASSERTE(0 != threadId);
+
+    return threadId;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeCriticalSection
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+void InitializeCriticalSection(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(InitializeCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("InitializeCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection=%p)\n", 
+          lpCriticalSection);
+    
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(lpCriticalSection, 
+                                                  0, false);
+
+    LOGEXIT("InitializeCriticalSection returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(InitializeCriticalSection);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeCriticalSectionEx - Flags is ignored.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL InitializeCriticalSectionEx(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection, DWORD dwSpinCount, DWORD Flags)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(InitializeCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("InitializeCriticalSectionEx(lpCriticalSection=%p, dwSpinCount=%d, Flags=%d)\n",
+          lpCriticalSection, dwSpinCount, Flags);
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(lpCriticalSection, dwSpinCount, false);
+
+    LOGEXIT("InitializeCriticalSectionEx returns TRUE\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(InitializeCriticalSection);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection,
+                                           DWORD dwSpinCount)
+{
+    BOOL bRet = TRUE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount);
+    ENTRY("InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(lpCriticalSection=%p, "
+          "dwSpinCount=%u)\n", lpCriticalSection, dwSpinCount);
+        
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(lpCriticalSection, 
+                                                  dwSpinCount, false);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount returns BOOL %d\n",
+            bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount);    
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DeleteCriticalSection
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+void DeleteCriticalSection(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(DeleteCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("DeleteCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection=%p)\n", lpCriticalSection);
+
+    InternalDeleteCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection);
+
+    LOGEXIT("DeleteCriticalSection returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(DeleteCriticalSection);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnterCriticalSection
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+void EnterCriticalSection(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(EnterCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("EnterCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection=%p)\n", lpCriticalSection);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+   
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, lpCriticalSection);
+
+    LOGEXIT("EnterCriticalSection returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(EnterCriticalSection);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TryEnterCriticalSection
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL TryEnterCriticalSection(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(TryEnterCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("TryEnterCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection=%p)\n", lpCriticalSection);
+    
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+   
+    bool fRet = InternalTryEnterCriticalSection(pThread, 
+        lpCriticalSection);
+
+    LOGEXIT("TryEnterCriticalSection returns bool %d\n", (int)fRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(TryEnterCriticalSection);
+
+    return (BOOL)fRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  LeaveCriticalSection
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID LeaveCriticalSection(LPCRITICAL_SECTION lpCriticalSection)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(LeaveCriticalSection);
+    ENTRY("LeaveCriticalSection(lpCriticalSection=%p)\n", lpCriticalSection);
+    
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+  
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, lpCriticalSection);
+
+    LOGEXIT("LeaveCriticalSection returns void\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(LeaveCriticalSection);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalInitializeCriticalSection
+
+Initializes a critical section. It assumes the CS is an internal one,
+i.e. thread entering it will be marked unsafe for suspension
+--*/
+VOID InternalInitializeCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION *pcs)
+{
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(pcs, 0, true);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalDeleteCriticalSection
+
+Deletes a critical section
+--*/
+VOID InternalDeleteCriticalSection(
+    PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+{
+    PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+        reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+    
+    _ASSERT_MSG(PalCsUserInitialized == pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState ||
+                PalCsFullyInitialized == pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState,
+                "CS %p is not initialized", pPalCriticalSection);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? GetCurrentPalThread() : NULL);
+
+    if (0 != pPalCriticalSection->LockCount)
+    {
+        SIZE_T tid;
+        tid = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+        int iWaiterCount = (int)PALCS_GETWCOUNT(pPalCriticalSection->LockCount);
+
+        if (0 != (PALCS_LOCK_BIT & pPalCriticalSection->LockCount))
+        {
+            // CS is locked
+            if (tid != pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread)
+            {
+                // not owner
+                ASSERT("Thread tid=%u deleting a CS owned by thread tid=%u\n",
+                       tid, pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // owner
+                if (0 != iWaiterCount)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Thread tid=%u is deleting a CS with %d threads waiting on it\n",
+                          tid, iWaiterCount);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    WARN("Thread tid=%u is deleting a critical section it still owns\n",
+                         tid);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // CS is not locked
+            if (0 != iWaiterCount)
+            {
+                ERROR("Deleting a CS with %d threads waiting on it\n",
+                      iWaiterCount);
+            }
+            else 
+            {
+                ERROR("Thread tid=%u is deleting a critical section currently not "
+                      "owned, but with one waiter awakened\n", tid);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+    {
+        if (pPalCriticalSection != &CorUnix::g_csPALCSsListLock) 
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, 
+                reinterpret_cast<CRITICAL_SECTION*>(&g_csPALCSsListLock));
+            RemoveEntryList(&pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->Link);
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, 
+                reinterpret_cast<CRITICAL_SECTION*>(&g_csPALCSsListLock));
+        } 
+        else 
+        {
+            RemoveEntryList(&pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->Link);
+        }
+        
+#ifdef PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+        LONG lVal, lNewVal;
+        Volatile<LONG> * plDest;
+
+        // Update delete count
+        InterlockedIncrement(pPalCriticalSection->fInternal ? 
+            &g_lPALCSInternalDeleteCount : &g_lPALCSDeleteCount);
+
+        // Update acquire count
+        plDest = pPalCriticalSection->fInternal ? 
+            &g_lPALCSInternalAcquireCount : &g_lPALCSAcquireCount;
+        do {
+            lVal = *plDest;
+            lNewVal = lVal + pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lAcquireCount;
+            lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(plDest, lNewVal, lVal);
+        } while (lVal != lNewVal);
+
+        // Update enter count
+        plDest = pPalCriticalSection->fInternal ? 
+            &g_lPALCSInternalEnterCount : &g_lPALCSEnterCount;
+        do {
+            lVal = *plDest;
+            lNewVal = lVal + pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount;
+            lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(plDest, lNewVal, lVal);
+        } while (lVal != lNewVal);
+
+        // Update contention count
+        plDest = pPalCriticalSection->fInternal ? 
+            &g_lPALCSInternalContentionCount : &g_lPALCSContentionCount;
+        do {
+            lVal = *plDest;
+            lNewVal = lVal + pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lContentionCount;
+            lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(plDest, lNewVal, lVal);
+        } while (lVal != lNewVal);
+
+#endif // PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+
+        InternalDelete(pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo);
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo = NULL;
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+    
+    if (PalCsFullyInitialized == pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState)
+    {
+        int iRet;
+
+        // destroy condition
+        iRet = pthread_cond_destroy(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.condition);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "Failed destroying condition in CS @ %p "
+                    "[err=%d]\n", pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+
+        // destroy mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_destroy(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "Failed destroying mutex in CS @ %p "
+                    "[err=%d]\n", pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+    }
+
+    // Reset critical section state
+    pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsNotInitialized;        
+}
+
+// The following PALCEnterCriticalSection and PALCLeaveCriticalSection
+// functions are intended to provide CorUnix's InternalEnterCriticalSection
+// and InternalLeaveCriticalSection functionalities to legacy C code,
+// which has no knowledge of CPalThread, classes and namespaces.
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALCEnterCriticalSection
+
+Provides CorUnix's InternalEnterCriticalSection functionality to legacy C code,
+which has no knowledge of CPalThread, classes and namespaces.
+--*/
+VOID PALCEnterCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION * pcs)
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? GetCurrentPalThread() : NULL);
+    CorUnix::InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, pcs);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PALCLeaveCriticalSection
+
+Provides CorUnix's InternalLeaveCriticalSection functionality to legacy C code,
+which has no knowledge of CPalThread, classes and namespaces.
+--*/
+VOID PALCLeaveCriticalSection(CRITICAL_SECTION * pcs)
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? GetCurrentPalThread() : NULL);
+    CorUnix::InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, pcs);    
+}
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    static PalCsWaiterReturnState PALCS_WaitOnCS(
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection, 
+        LONG lInc);
+    static PAL_ERROR PALCS_DoActualWait(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection);
+    static PAL_ERROR PALCS_WakeUpWaiter(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection);
+    static bool PALCS_FullyInitialize(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    enum CSSubSysInitState
+    { 
+        CSSubSysNotInitialzed,
+        CSSubSysInitializing, 
+        CSSubSysInitialized 
+    }; 
+    static Volatile<CSSubSysInitState> csssInitState = CSSubSysNotInitialzed;
+
+#ifdef PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInitializeCount         = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSDeleteCount             = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSAcquireCount            = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSEnterCount              = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSContentionCount         = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInternalInitializeCount = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInternalDeleteCount     = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInternalAcquireCount    = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInternalEnterCount      = 0;
+    static Volatile<LONG> g_lPALCSInternalContentionCount = 0;
+#endif // PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::CriticalSectionSubSysInitialize
+
+    Initializes CS subsystem
+    --*/
+    void CriticalSectionSubSysInitialize()    
+    {            
+        static_assert(sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION) >= sizeof(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION),
+            "PAL fatal internal error: sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION) is "
+            "smaller than sizeof(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION)");
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG        
+        LONG lRet = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *)&csssInitState,
+                                               (LONG)CSSubSysInitializing,
+                                               (LONG)CSSubSysNotInitialzed);
+        if ((LONG)CSSubSysNotInitialzed == lRet)
+        {
+            InitializeListHead(&g_PALCSList);
+
+            InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(
+                reinterpret_cast<CRITICAL_SECTION*>(&g_csPALCSsListLock),
+                0, true);
+            InterlockedExchange((LONG *)&csssInitState,
+                                (LONG)CSSubSysInitialized);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            while (csssInitState != CSSubSysInitialized)
+            {
+                sched_yield();
+            }
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG        
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount
+
+    Initializes a CS with the given spin count. If 'fInternal' is true
+    the CS will be treatead as an internal one for its whole lifetime,
+    i.e. any thread that will enter it will be marked as unsafe for
+    suspension as long as it holds the CS
+    --*/
+    void InternalInitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection,
+        DWORD dwSpinCount,
+        bool fInternal)
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+
+#ifndef PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+        // Make sure bits are defined in a usable way
+        _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER * 2 == PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC);
+#endif // !PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+
+        // Make sure structure sizes are compatible
+        _ASSERTE(sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION) >= sizeof(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION));
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        if (sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION) > sizeof(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION))
+        {
+            WARN("PAL_CS_NATIVE_DATA_SIZE appears to be defined to a value (%d) "
+                 "larger than needed on this platform (%d).\n",
+                 sizeof(CRITICAL_SECTION), sizeof(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION));
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        // Init CS data
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo         = NULL;
+        pPalCriticalSection->LockCount         = 0;
+        pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount    = 0;
+        pPalCriticalSection->SpinCount         = dwSpinCount;
+        pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread      = NULL;
+        pPalCriticalSection->LockSemaphore     = NULL;
+        pPalCriticalSection->fInternal         = fInternal;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        CPalThread * pThread = 
+            (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? GetCurrentPalThread() : NULL);
+
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo = InternalNew<CRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO>();
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo, 
+                    "Failed to allocate debug info for new CS\n");
+
+        // Init debug info data 
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lAcquireCount    = 0;
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount      = 0;
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lContentionCount = 0;
+        pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->pOwnerCS         = pPalCriticalSection;
+
+        // Insert debug info struct in global list
+        if (pPalCriticalSection != &g_csPALCSsListLock) 
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, 
+                reinterpret_cast<CRITICAL_SECTION*>(&g_csPALCSsListLock));
+            InsertTailList(&g_PALCSList, &pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->Link);
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, 
+                reinterpret_cast<CRITICAL_SECTION*>(&g_csPALCSsListLock));
+        } 
+        else 
+        {
+            InsertTailList(&g_PALCSList, &pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->Link);
+        }
+        
+#ifdef PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+        InterlockedIncrement(fInternal ? 
+            &g_lPALCSInternalInitializeCount : &g_lPALCSInitializeCount);
+#endif // PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        // Set initializazion state 
+        pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsUserInitialized;
+
+#ifdef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+        bool fInit;
+        do
+        {
+            fInit = PALCS_FullyInitialize(pPalCriticalSection);
+            _ASSERTE(fInit);
+        } while (!fInit && 0 == sched_yield());
+
+        if (fInit)
+        {
+            // Set initializazion state 
+            pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsFullyInitialized;
+        }            
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    }
+
+#ifndef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalEnterCriticalSection
+
+    Enters a CS, causing the thread to block if the CS is owned by
+    another thread
+    --*/
+    void InternalEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+
+        LONG lSpinCount;
+        LONG lVal, lNewVal;
+        LONG lBitsToChange, lWaitInc;
+        PalCsWaiterReturnState cwrs;    
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+        
+
+        // Check if the current thread already owns the CS
+        //
+        // Note: there is no need for this double check to be atomic. In fact
+        // if the first check fails, the second doesn't count (and it's not
+        // even executed). If the first one succeeds and the second one
+        // doesn't, it doesn't matter if LockCount has already changed by the
+        // time OwningThread is tested. Instead, if the first one succeeded,
+        // and the second also succeeds, LockCount cannot have changed in the
+        // meanwhile, since this is the owning thread and only the owning
+        // thread can change the lock bit when the CS is owned.
+        if ((pPalCriticalSection->LockCount & PALCS_LOCK_BIT) && 
+            (pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread == threadId))
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount += 1;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+            {
+                pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount += 1;
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+            goto IECS_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Set bits to change and waiter increment for an incoming thread
+        lBitsToChange = PALCS_LOCK_BIT;
+        lWaitInc = PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC;
+        lSpinCount = pPalCriticalSection->SpinCount;
+        
+        while (TRUE)
+        {
+            // Either this is an incoming thread, and therefore lBitsToChange 
+            // is just PALCS_LOCK_BIT, or this is an awakened waiter
+            _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_BIT == lBitsToChange || 
+                     (PALCS_LOCK_BIT | PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER) == lBitsToChange);
+
+            // Make sure the waiter increment is in a valid range
+            _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC == lWaitInc || 
+                     PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER == lWaitInc);
+
+            do {
+                lVal = pPalCriticalSection->LockCount;
+                
+                while (0 == (lVal & PALCS_LOCK_BIT))
+                {
+                    // CS is not locked: try lo lock it
+
+                    // Make sure that whether we are an incoming thread 
+                    // or the PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER bit is set
+                    _ASSERTE((PALCS_LOCK_BIT == lBitsToChange) || 
+                             (PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER & lVal));
+
+                    lNewVal = lVal ^ lBitsToChange;
+
+                    // Make sure we are actually trying to lock
+                    _ASSERTE(lNewVal & PALCS_LOCK_BIT);
+
+                    CS_TRACE("[ECS %p] Switching from {%d, %d, %d} to "
+                        "{%d, %d, %d} ==>\n", pPalCriticalSection,
+                        PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lVal), 
+                        PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lNewVal));
+
+                    // Try to switch the value
+                    lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange (&pPalCriticalSection->LockCount, 
+                                                         lNewVal, lVal);
+                    
+                    CS_TRACE("[ECS %p] ==> %s LockCount={%d, %d, %d} "
+                        "lVal={%d, %d, %d}\n", pPalCriticalSection,
+                        (lNewVal == lVal) ? "OK" : "NO",
+                        PALCS_GETWCOUNT(pPalCriticalSection->LockCount),
+                        PALCS_GETAWBIT(pPalCriticalSection->LockCount),
+                        PALCS_GETLBIT(pPalCriticalSection->LockCount),
+                        PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lVal));
+                    
+                    if (lNewVal == lVal)
+                    {
+                        // CS successfully acquired                        
+                        goto IECS_set_ownership;
+                    }
+
+                    // Acquisition failed, some thread raced with us;
+                    // update value for next loop
+                    lVal = lNewVal;
+                }
+
+                if (0 < lSpinCount) 
+                {
+                    sched_yield();
+                }
+            } while (0 <= --lSpinCount);
+
+            cwrs = PALCS_WaitOnCS(pPalCriticalSection, lWaitInc);
+            
+            if (PalCsReturnWaiterAwakened == cwrs) 
+            {
+#ifdef PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                // 
+                // Fair Critical Sections
+                //
+                // In the fair lock case, when a waiter wakes up the CS 
+                // must be locked (i.e. ownership passed on to the waiter)
+                _ASSERTE(0 != (PALCS_LOCK_BIT & pPalCriticalSection->LockCount));
+
+                // CS successfully acquired
+                goto IECS_set_ownership;
+                
+#else // PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                // 
+                // Unfair Critical Sections
+                //
+                _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER & pPalCriticalSection->LockCount);
+
+                lBitsToChange = PALCS_LOCK_BIT | PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER;
+                lWaitInc = PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER;
+#endif // PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+            }
+        }
+
+    IECS_set_ownership:
+        // Critical section acquired: set ownership data
+        pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = threadId;
+        pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount = 1;
+#ifdef _DEBUG 
+        if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lAcquireCount += 1;
+            pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount += 1;
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+    
+    IECS_exit:
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalLeaveCriticalSection
+
+    Leaves a currently owned CS
+    --*/
+    void InternalLeaveCriticalSection(CPalThread * pThread,
+                                      PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+        LONG lVal, lNewVal;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+        _ASSERTE(threadId == pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread);
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(PALCS_LOCK_BIT & pPalCriticalSection->LockCount, 
+                    "Trying to release an unlocked CS\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 < pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount, 
+                    "Trying to release an unlocked CS\n");      
+
+        if (--pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount > 0)
+        {
+            // Recursion was > 1, still owning the CS
+            goto ILCS_cs_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Reset CS ownership
+        pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = NULL;
+
+        // Load the current LockCount value
+        lVal = pPalCriticalSection->LockCount;
+
+        while (true)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 != (PALCS_LOCK_BIT & lVal), 
+                      "Trying to release an unlocked CS\n");
+
+            // NB: In the fair lock case (PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE) the 
+            // PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER bit is not used
+            if ( (PALCS_LOCK_BIT == lVal)
+#ifndef PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                 || (PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER & lVal)
+#endif // !PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                ) 
+            {
+                // Whether there are no waiters (PALCS_LOCK_BIT == lVal)
+                // or a waiter has already been awakened, therefore we 
+                // just need to reset the lock bit and return 
+                lNewVal = lVal & ~PALCS_LOCK_BIT;
+                CS_TRACE("[LCS-UN %p] Switching from {%d, %d, %d} to "
+                    "{%d, %d, %d} ==>\n", pPalCriticalSection,
+                    PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lVal),
+                    PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lNewVal));
+
+                lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(&pPalCriticalSection->LockCount, 
+                                                     lNewVal, lVal);
+
+                CS_TRACE("[LCS-UN %p] ==> %s\n", pPalCriticalSection, 
+                               (lNewVal == lVal) ? "OK" : "NO");
+
+                if (lNewVal == lVal) 
+                {
+                    goto ILCS_cs_exit;
+                }
+            } 
+            else 
+            {
+                // There is at least one waiter, we need to wake it up
+
+#ifdef PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                // Fair lock case: passing ownership on to the first waiter.
+                // Here we need only to decrement the waiters count. CS will
+                // remain locked and ownership will be passed to the waiter,
+                // which will take care of setting ownership data as soon as 
+                // it wakes up
+                lNewVal = lVal - PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC;
+#else // PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                // Unfair lock case: we need to atomically decrement the waiters 
+                // count (we are about ot wake up one of them), set the 
+                // "waiter awakened" bit and to reset the "CS locked" bit.
+                // Note that, since we know that at this time PALCS_LOCK_BIT
+                // is set and PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER is not set, none of
+                // the addenda will affect bits other than its target bit(s),
+                // i.e. PALCS_LOCK_BIT will not affect PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER,
+                // PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER will not affect the actual
+                // count of waiters, and the latter will not change the two
+                // former ones
+                lNewVal = lVal - PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC + 
+                    PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER - PALCS_LOCK_BIT;
+#endif // PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                CS_TRACE("[LCS-CN %p] Switching from {%d, %d, %d} to {%d, %d, %d} ==>\n", 
+                    pPalCriticalSection,
+                    PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lVal), 
+                    PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lNewVal));
+
+                lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(&pPalCriticalSection->LockCount,
+                                                     lNewVal, lVal);
+
+                CS_TRACE("[LCS-CN %p] ==> %s\n", pPalCriticalSection, 
+                            (lNewVal == lVal) ? "OK" : "NO");
+
+                if (lNewVal == lVal) 
+                {
+                    // Wake up the waiter
+                    PALCS_WakeUpWaiter (pPalCriticalSection);
+                    
+#ifdef PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+                    // In the fair lock case, we need to yield here to defeat 
+                    // the inherently unfair nature of the condition/predicate
+                    // construct
+                    sched_yield();
+#endif // PALCS_TRANSFER_OWNERSHIP_ON_RELEASE
+
+                    goto ILCS_cs_exit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // CS unlock failed due to race with another thread trying to 
+            // register as waiter on it. We need to keep on looping. We 
+            // intentionally do not yield here in order to reserve higher 
+            // priority for the releasing thread.
+            //
+            // At this point lNewVal contains the latest LockCount value 
+            // retrieved by one of the two InterlockedCompareExchange above; 
+            // we can use this value as expected LockCount for the next loop, 
+            // without the need to fetch it again.
+            lVal = lNewVal;
+        }
+
+    ILCS_cs_exit:
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalTryEnterCriticalSection
+
+    Tries to acquire a CS. It returns true on success, false if the CS is 
+    locked by another thread
+    --*/
+    bool InternalTryEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+
+        LONG lNewVal;
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+        bool fRet = true;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+
+        lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange (&pPalCriticalSection->LockCount, 
+                                             (LONG)PALCS_LOCK_BIT, 
+                                             (LONG)PALCS_LOCK_INIT);
+        if (lNewVal == PALCS_LOCK_INIT)
+        {
+            // CS successfully acquired: setting ownership data
+            pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = threadId;
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount = 1;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+            {
+                pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lAcquireCount += 1;
+                pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount += 1;
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+
+            goto ITECS_exit;
+        }
+
+        // check if the current thread already owns the criticalSection
+        if ((lNewVal & PALCS_LOCK_BIT) && 
+            (pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread == threadId))
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount += 1;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+            {
+                pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lEnterCount += 1;
+            }
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+
+            goto ITECS_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Failed to acquire the CS
+        fRet = false;
+        
+    ITECS_exit:
+        return fRet;
+    }
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_FullyInitialize
+
+    Fully initializes a CS previously initialied true InitializeCriticalSection.
+    This method is called at the first contention on the target CS
+    --*/
+    bool PALCS_FullyInitialize(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection)
+    {
+        LONG lVal, lNewVal;
+        bool fRet = true;
+
+        lVal = pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState;
+        if (PalCsFullyInitialized == lVal)
+        {
+            goto PCDI_exit;
+        }
+        if (PalCsUserInitialized == lVal)
+        {            
+            int iRet;
+            lNewVal = (LONG)PalCsFullyInitializing;
+            lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                (LONG *)&pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState, lNewVal, lVal);
+            if (lNewVal != lVal)
+            {
+                if (PalCsFullyInitialized == lNewVal)
+                {
+                    // Another thread did initialize this CS: we can 
+                    // safely return 'true'
+                    goto PCDI_exit;
+                }
+
+                // Another thread is still initializing this CS: yield and 
+                // spin by returning 'false'
+                sched_yield();
+                fRet = false;
+                goto PCDI_exit;
+            }
+
+            //
+            // Actual native initialization
+            //
+            // Mutex
+            iRet = pthread_mutex_init(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex, NULL);
+            if (0 != iRet)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Failed initializing mutex in CS @ %p [err=%d]\n", 
+                        pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+                pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsUserInitialized;
+                fRet = false;
+                goto PCDI_exit;
+            }
+#ifndef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+            // Condition
+            iRet = pthread_cond_init(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.condition, NULL);
+            if (0 != iRet)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Failed initializing condition in CS @ %p [err=%d]\n",
+                       pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+                pthread_mutex_destroy(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+                pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsUserInitialized;
+                fRet = false;
+                goto PCDI_exit;
+            }
+            // Predicate
+            pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate = 0;
+#endif
+
+            pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState = PalCsFullyInitialized;
+        }
+        else if (PalCsFullyInitializing == lVal)
+        {
+            // Another thread is still initializing this CS: yield and 
+            // spin by returning 'false'
+            sched_yield();
+            fRet = false;
+            goto PCDI_exit;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("CS %p is not initialized", pPalCriticalSection);
+            fRet = false;
+            goto PCDI_exit;
+        }
+        
+    PCDI_exit:
+        return fRet;
+    }
+
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_WaitOnCS
+
+    Waits on a CS owned by anothr thread. It returns PalCsReturnWaiterAwakened 
+    if the thread actually waited on the CS and it has been awakened on CS 
+    release. It returns PalCsWaiterDidntWait if another thread is currently 
+    fully-initializing the CS and therefore the current thread couldn't wait
+    on it
+    --*/
+    PalCsWaiterReturnState PALCS_WaitOnCS(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection,
+                                          LONG lInc)
+    {
+        DWORD lVal, lNewVal;
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        if (PalCsFullyInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState)
+        {
+            // First contention, the CS native wait support need to be
+            // initialized at this time
+            if (!PALCS_FullyInitialize(pPalCriticalSection))
+            {
+                // The current thread failed the full initialization of the CS,
+                // whether because another thread is race-initializing it, or
+                // there are no enough memory/resources at this time, or 
+                // InitializeCriticalSection has never been called. By 
+                // returning we will cause the thread to spin on CS trying 
+                // again until the CS is initialized
+                return PalCsWaiterDidntWait;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Make sure we have a valid waiter increment
+        _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC == lInc || 
+                 PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER == lInc);
+        
+        do {
+            lVal = pPalCriticalSection->LockCount;
+
+            // Make sure the waiter increment is compatible with the
+            // awakened waiter bit value
+            _ASSERTE(PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC == lInc || 
+                     PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER & lVal);
+            
+            if (0 == (lVal & PALCS_LOCK_BIT))
+            {
+                // the CS is no longer locked, let's bail out
+                return PalCsWaiterDidntWait;
+            }
+            
+            lNewVal = lVal + lInc; 
+
+            // Make sure that this thread was whether an incoming one or it 
+            // was an awakened waiter and, in this case, we are now going to
+            // turn off the awakened waiter bit 
+            _ASSERT_MSG(PALCS_LOCK_WAITER_INC == lInc || 
+                        0 == (PALCS_LOCK_AWAKENED_WAITER & lNewVal));
+
+            CS_TRACE("[WCS %p] Switching from {%d, %d, %d} to "
+                "{%d, %d, %d} ==> ", pPalCriticalSection,
+                PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lVal),
+                PALCS_GETWCOUNT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETAWBIT(lNewVal), PALCS_GETLBIT(lNewVal));
+                        
+            lNewVal = InterlockedCompareExchange (&pPalCriticalSection->LockCount, 
+                                                  lNewVal, lVal);
+
+            CS_TRACE("[WCS %p] ==> %s\n", pPalCriticalSection,
+                           (lNewVal == lVal) ? "OK" : "NO");
+
+        } while (lNewVal != lVal);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        if (NULL != pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo)
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->DebugInfo->lContentionCount += 1;
+        }
+#endif // _DEBUG 
+
+        // Do the actual native wait
+        palErr = PALCS_DoActualWait(pPalCriticalSection);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NO_ERROR == palErr, "Native CS wait failed\n");
+        
+        return PalCsReturnWaiterAwakened;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_DoActualWait
+
+    Performs the actual native wait on the CS
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR PALCS_DoActualWait(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection)
+    {
+        int iRet;
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        CS_TRACE("Trying to go to sleep [CS=%p]\n", pPalCriticalSection);
+
+        // Lock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto PCDAW_exit;
+        }
+        
+        CS_TRACE("Actually Going to sleep [CS=%p]\n", pPalCriticalSection);
+        
+        while (0 == pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate)
+        {
+            // Wait on the condition
+            iRet = pthread_cond_wait(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.condition, 
+                                     &pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+            
+            CS_TRACE("Got a signal on condition [pred=%d]!\n",
+                           pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate);
+            if (0 != iRet)
+            {
+                // Failed: unlock the mutex and bail out
+                ASSERT("Failed waiting on condition in CS %p [err=%d]\n", 
+                       pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+                pthread_mutex_unlock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto PCDAW_exit;
+            }        
+        }
+        
+        // Reset the predicate
+        pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate = 0;
+
+        // Unlock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto PCDAW_exit;
+        }
+        
+    PCDAW_exit:
+        
+        CS_TRACE("Just woken up [CS=%p]\n", pPalCriticalSection);
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_WakeUpWaiter
+
+    Wakes up the first thread waiting on the CS
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR PALCS_WakeUpWaiter(PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection)
+    {
+        int iRet;
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(PalCsFullyInitialized == pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState,
+                    "Trying to wake up a waiter on CS not fully initialized\n");
+
+        // Lock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto PCWUW_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Set the predicate
+        pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate = 1;
+        
+        CS_TRACE("Signaling condition/predicate [pred=%d]!\n",
+                 pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.iPredicate);
+
+        // Signal the condition
+        iRet = pthread_cond_signal(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.condition);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            // Failed: set palErr, but continue in order to unlock 
+            // the mutex anyway
+            ASSERT("Failed setting condition in CS %p [ret=%d]\n",  
+                   pPalCriticalSection, iRet);
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        // Unlock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto PCWUW_exit;
+        }
+
+    PCWUW_exit:
+        return palErr;
+    }
+    
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_ReportStatisticalData
+
+    Report creation/acquisition/contention statistical data for the all the 
+    CSs so far existed and no longer existing in the current process
+    --*/
+    void PALCS_ReportStatisticalData()
+    {
+#ifdef PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+        CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        if (NULL == pThread) DebugBreak();
+
+        // Take the lock for the global list of CS debug infos
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, (CRITICAL_SECTION*)&g_csPALCSsListLock);
+        
+        LONG lPALCSInitializeCount         = g_lPALCSInitializeCount;
+        LONG lPALCSDeleteCount             = g_lPALCSDeleteCount;
+        LONG lPALCSAcquireCount            = g_lPALCSAcquireCount;
+        LONG lPALCSEnterCount              = g_lPALCSEnterCount;
+        LONG lPALCSContentionCount         = g_lPALCSContentionCount;
+        LONG lPALCSInternalInitializeCount = g_lPALCSInternalInitializeCount;
+        LONG lPALCSInternalDeleteCount     = g_lPALCSInternalDeleteCount;
+        LONG lPALCSInternalAcquireCount    = g_lPALCSInternalAcquireCount;
+        LONG lPALCSInternalEnterCount      = g_lPALCSInternalEnterCount;
+        LONG lPALCSInternalContentionCount = g_lPALCSInternalContentionCount;
+
+        PLIST_ENTRY pItem = g_PALCSList.Flink;
+        while (&g_PALCSList != pItem)
+        {
+            PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO pDebugInfo = 
+                (PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO)pItem;
+
+            if (pDebugInfo->pOwnerCS->fInternal)
+            {
+                lPALCSInternalAcquireCount    += pDebugInfo->lAcquireCount;
+                lPALCSInternalEnterCount      += pDebugInfo->lEnterCount;
+                lPALCSInternalContentionCount += pDebugInfo->lContentionCount;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lPALCSAcquireCount            += pDebugInfo->lAcquireCount;
+                lPALCSEnterCount              += pDebugInfo->lEnterCount;
+                lPALCSContentionCount         += pDebugInfo->lContentionCount;
+            }
+
+            pItem = pItem->Flink;
+        }
+
+        // Release the lock for the global list of CS debug infos
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, (CRITICAL_SECTION*)&g_csPALCSsListLock);
+
+        TRACE("Critical Sections Statistical Data:\n");
+        TRACE("{\n");
+        TRACE("    Client code CSs:\n");
+        TRACE("    {\n");
+        TRACE("        Initialize Count: %d\n", lPALCSInitializeCount);
+        TRACE("        Delete Count:     %d\n", lPALCSDeleteCount);
+        TRACE("        Acquire Count:    %d\n", lPALCSAcquireCount);
+        TRACE("        Enter Count:      %d\n", lPALCSEnterCount);
+        TRACE("        Contention Count: %d\n", lPALCSContentionCount);
+        TRACE("    }\n");
+        TRACE("    Internal PAL CSs:\n");
+        TRACE("    {\n");
+        TRACE("        Initialize Count: %d\n", lPALCSInternalInitializeCount);
+        TRACE("        Delete Count:     %d\n", lPALCSInternalDeleteCount);
+        TRACE("        Acquire Count:    %d\n", lPALCSInternalAcquireCount);
+        TRACE("        Enter Count:      %d\n", lPALCSInternalEnterCount);
+        TRACE("        Contention Count: %d\n", lPALCSInternalContentionCount);
+        TRACE("    }\n");
+        TRACE("}\n");
+#endif // PAL_TRACK_CRITICAL_SECTIONS_DATA
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::PALCS_DumpCSList
+
+    Dumps the list of all the CS currently existing in this process. 
+    --*/
+    void PALCS_DumpCSList()
+    {
+        CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        // Take the lock for the global list of CS debug infos
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, (CRITICAL_SECTION*)&g_csPALCSsListLock);
+
+        PLIST_ENTRY pItem = g_PALCSList.Flink;
+        while (&g_PALCSList != pItem)
+        {
+            PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO pDebugInfo = 
+                (PCRITICAL_SECTION_DEBUG_INFO)pItem;
+            PPAL_CRITICAL_SECTION pCS = pDebugInfo->pOwnerCS;
+
+            printf("CS @ %p \n"
+                   "{\tDebugInfo = %p -> \n",
+                   pCS, pDebugInfo);
+
+            printf("\t{\n\t\t[Link]\n\t\tpOwnerCS = %p\n"
+                   "\t\tAcquireCount \t= %d\n"
+                   "\t\tEnterCount \t= %d\n"
+                   "\t\tContentionCount = %d\n",
+                   pDebugInfo->pOwnerCS, pDebugInfo->lAcquireCount.Load(), 
+                   pDebugInfo->lEnterCount.Load(), pDebugInfo->lContentionCount.Load());
+            printf("\t}\n");
+              
+            printf("\tLockCount \t= %#x\n"
+                   "\tRecursionCount \t= %d\n"
+                   "\tOwningThread \t= %p\n"
+                   "\tLockSemaphore \t= %p\n"
+                   "\tSpinCount \t= %u\n"
+                   "\tfInternal \t= %d\n"
+                   "\teInitState \t= %u\n"
+                   "\tpNativeData \t= %p ->\n",
+                   pCS->LockCount.Load(), pCS->RecursionCount, (void *)pCS->OwningThread, 
+                   pCS->LockSemaphore, (unsigned)pCS->SpinCount, (int)pCS->fInternal, 
+                   pCS->cisInitState.Load(), &pCS->csndNativeData);
+
+            printf("\t{\n\t\t[mutex]\n\t\t[condition]\n"
+                   "\t\tPredicate \t= %d\n"
+                   "\t}\n}\n",pCS->csndNativeData.iPredicate);
+            
+            printf("}\n");
+                   
+            pItem = pItem->Flink;
+        }
+
+        // Release the lock for the global list of CS debug infos
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, (CRITICAL_SECTION*)&g_csPALCSsListLock);
+    }
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+
+#if defined(MUTEX_BASED_CSS) || defined(_DEBUG)
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalEnterCriticalSection
+
+    Enters a CS, causing the thread to block if the CS is owned by
+    another thread
+    --*/
+#ifdef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    void InternalEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#else // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    void MTX_InternalEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+        int iRet;
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+
+        /* check if the current thread already owns the criticalSection */
+        if (pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread == threadId)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(0 < pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount);
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount += 1;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);        
+        _ASSERTE(0 == iRet);
+
+        pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = threadId;
+        pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount = 1;
+    }
+
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalLeaveCriticalSection
+
+    Leaves a currently owned CS
+    --*/
+#ifdef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    void InternalLeaveCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#else // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    void MTX_InternalLeaveCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS    
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+        int iRet;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+        _ASSERTE(threadId == pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread);
+
+        if (0 >= pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount)
+            DebugBreak();
+        
+        _ASSERTE(0 < pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount);        
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        if (0 < --pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount)
+            return;
+
+        pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = 0;
+
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex);
+        _ASSERTE(0 == iRet);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      CorUnix::InternalTryEnterCriticalSection
+
+    Tries to acquire a CS. It returns true on success, false if the CS is 
+    locked by another thread
+    --*/
+#ifdef MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    bool InternalTryEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#else // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    bool MTX_InternalTryEnterCriticalSection(
+        CPalThread * pThread,
+        PCRITICAL_SECTION pCriticalSection)
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS
+    {
+        PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION * pPalCriticalSection = 
+            reinterpret_cast<PAL_CRITICAL_SECTION*>(pCriticalSection);
+        bool fRet;
+        SIZE_T threadId;
+
+        _ASSERTE(PalCsNotInitialized != pPalCriticalSection->cisInitState);
+
+        threadId = ObtainCurrentThreadId(pThread);
+
+        /* check if the current thread already owns the criticalSection */
+        if (pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread == threadId)
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount += 1;
+            fRet = true;
+            goto ITECS_exit;
+        }
+
+        fRet = (0 == pthread_mutex_trylock(&pPalCriticalSection->csndNativeData.mutex));
+
+        if (fRet)
+        {
+            pPalCriticalSection->OwningThread = threadId;
+            pPalCriticalSection->RecursionCount = 1;
+        }
+
+    ITECS_exit:
+        return fRet;
+    }
+#endif // MUTEX_BASED_CSS || _DEBUG
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchcontrollers.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchcontrollers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f7df5ea364
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchcontrollers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1976 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    synchcontrollers.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Implementation of Synchronization Controllers and related objects
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "synchmanager.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+    LONG g_rglStatWaitCount[ObjectTypeIdCount]       = { 0 };
+    LONG g_rglStatContentionCount[ObjectTypeIdCount] = { 0 };
+#endif // SYNCH_STATISTICS
+    ////////////////////////////
+    //                        //
+    //  CSynchControllerBase  //
+    //                        //
+    ////////////////////////////
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchControllerBase::Init
+
+    Initializes a generic controller 
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchControllerBase::Init(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        ControllerType ctCtrlrType,
+        ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+        CObjectType *potObjectType,
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData,
+        WaitDomain wdWaitDomain)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == pthrCurrent);
+
+        // Initialize internal controller data
+        m_pthrOwner      = pthrCurrent;
+        m_ctCtrlrType    = ctCtrlrType;
+        m_odObjectDomain = odObjectDomain;        
+        m_potObjectType  = potObjectType;
+        m_psdSynchData   = psdSynchData;
+        m_wdWaitDomain   = wdWaitDomain;
+
+        // Add reference to target synch data
+        m_psdSynchData->AddRef();
+
+        // Acquire lock implied by the controller
+        CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireLocalSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+        if (LocalWait != m_wdWaitDomain)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireSharedSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+        }
+
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchControllerBase::Release
+
+    Releases a generic controller a return it to the appropriate cache
+    --*/
+    void CSynchControllerBase::Release()
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo = 
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::GetThreadWaitInfo(m_pthrOwner);
+#endif // _DEBUG
+
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner == m_pthrOwner);
+
+        // Release reference to target synch data
+        m_psdSynchData->Release(m_pthrOwner);
+
+        // Release lock implied by the controller
+        if (LocalWait != m_wdWaitDomain)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseSharedSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+        }        
+        CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseLocalSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+
+        // Return controller to the appropriate cache
+        if (WaitController == m_ctCtrlrType)
+        {
+            // The cast here must be static_cast and not reinterpet_cast.
+            // In fact in general static_cast<CSynchWaitController*>(this) is  
+            // equal to this-sizeof(void*), given that CSynchWaitController 
+            // has a virtual table, while CSynchControllerBase doesn't.
+            pSynchManager->CacheAddWaitCtrlr(m_pthrOwner,
+                static_cast<CSynchWaitController*>(this));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // The cast here must be static_cast and not reinterpet_cast
+            pSynchManager->CacheAddStateCtrlr(m_pthrOwner,
+                static_cast<CSynchStateController*>(this));
+        }
+    }   
+    
+    ////////////////////////////
+    //                        //
+    //  CSynchWaitController  //
+    //                        //
+    ////////////////////////////
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking
+
+    Returns whether or not the thread owning this controller can 
+    wait on the target object without blocking (i.e. the objet is 
+    signaled)
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchWaitController::CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking(
+        bool * pfCanWaitWithoutBlocking,
+        bool * pfAbandoned)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        bool fRetVal = false;
+        
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pfCanWaitWithoutBlocking);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pfAbandoned);
+
+        fRetVal = m_psdSynchData->CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking(m_pthrOwner, pfAbandoned);
+
+        if(!fRetVal && otiProcess == m_psdSynchData->GetObjectTypeId())
+        {
+            // Note: if the target object is a process, here we need to check 
+            // whether or not it has already exited. In fact, since currently 
+            // we do not monitor a process status as long as there is no 
+            // thread waiting on it, in general if the process already exited 
+            // the process object is likely not to be signaled yet, therefore 
+            // the above CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking call probably returned 
+            // false, and, without the check below, that would cause the 
+            // current thread to eventually go to sleep for a short time 
+            // (until the worker thread notifies that the waited process has
+            // indeed exited), while it would not be necessary.
+            // As side effect that would cause a WaitForSingleObject with zero 
+            // timeout to always return WAIT_TIMEOUT, even though the target 
+            // process already exited. WaitForSingleObject with zero timeout 
+            // is a common way to probe whether or not a process has already 
+            // exited, and it is supposed to return WAIT_OBJECT_0 if the 
+            // process exited, and WAIT_TIMEOUT if it is still active.
+            // In order to support this feature we need to check at this time 
+            // whether or not the process has already exited.
+           
+            CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData = GetProcessLocalData();
+            DWORD dwExitCode = 0;
+            bool fIsActualExitCode = false;
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pProcLocalData, 
+                        "Process synch data pointer is missing\n");
+            
+            if (NULL != pProcLocalData && 
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::HasProcessExited(pProcLocalData->dwProcessId, 
+                                                             &dwExitCode, 
+                                                             &fIsActualExitCode))
+            {
+                TRACE("Process pid=%u exited with %s exitcode=%u\n",
+                      pProcLocalData->dwProcessId, 
+                      fIsActualExitCode ? "actual" : "guessed",
+                      dwExitCode);
+
+                // Store the exit code in the process local data
+                if (fIsActualExitCode)
+                {
+                    pProcLocalData->dwExitCode = dwExitCode;
+                }
+
+                // Set process status to PS_DONE
+                pProcLocalData->ps = PS_DONE;
+
+                // Set signal count
+                m_psdSynchData->SetSignalCount(1);
+
+                // Releasing all local waiters 
+                // (see comments in DoMonitorProcesses)
+                m_psdSynchData->ReleaseAllLocalWaiters(m_pthrOwner);
+                
+                fRetVal = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        *pfCanWaitWithoutBlocking = fRetVal;
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking
+
+    Performs all the steps needed to be done by the controller's owner 
+    thread in order to wait on the target object without blocking
+    (e.g. modifying the object signal count accordingly with its
+    thread release semantics)
+    This method should be called only after having received positive 
+    response from CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking called on the same 
+    controller.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchWaitController::ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking()
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;        
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+
+        palErr = m_psdSynchData->ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking(m_pthrOwner, m_pthrOwner);
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            m_psdSynchData->IncrementStatWaitCount();
+        }
+#endif
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::RegisterWaitingThread
+
+    Registers the controller's owner thread for waiting on the target 
+    object
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchWaitController::RegisterWaitingThread(
+        WaitType wtWaitType,
+        DWORD dwIndex,
+        bool fAlertable)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNewNode = NULL;
+        SharedID shridNewNode = NULLSharedID;
+        ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo; 
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+        bool fSharedObject = (SharedObject == m_odObjectDomain);
+        bool fEarlyDeath = false;
+        bool fSynchDataRefd = false;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        
+        ptwiWaitInfo = CPalSynchronizationManager::GetThreadWaitInfo(
+            m_pthrOwner);
+
+        _ASSERTE(ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner == m_pthrOwner);
+        
+        pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD,
+                m_pthrOwner->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened);
+
+        if (fSharedObject)
+        {
+            shridNewNode = pSynchManager->CacheGetSharedWTListNode(m_pthrOwner);
+            pwtlnNewNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridNewNode);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pwtlnNewNode = pSynchManager->CacheGetLocalWTListNode(m_pthrOwner);
+        }
+        
+        if (!pwtlnNewNode)
+        {
+            if (fSharedObject && (NULLSharedID != shridNewNode))
+            {
+                ASSERT("Bad Shared Memory ptr %p\n", shridNewNode);
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }        
+            else
+            {
+                ERROR("Out of memory\n");
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+            goto RWT_exit;        
+        }
+
+        if (ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount >= MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Too many objects");
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR; 
+            goto RWT_exit;
+        }       
+
+        if (0 == ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount)
+        {
+            ptwiWaitInfo->wtWaitType = wtWaitType;
+            ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain = m_wdWaitDomain;
+        } 
+        else 
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(wtWaitType == ptwiWaitInfo->wtWaitType,
+                        "Conflicting wait types in wait registration\n");
+            
+            if (m_wdWaitDomain != ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+            {
+                ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain = MixedWait;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        pwtlnNewNode->shridSHRThis       = NULLSharedID;
+        pwtlnNewNode->ptwiWaitInfo       = ptwiWaitInfo;
+        pwtlnNewNode->dwObjIndex         = dwIndex;
+        pwtlnNewNode->dwProcessId        = gPID;
+        pwtlnNewNode->dwThreadId         = m_pthrOwner->GetThreadId();
+        pwtlnNewNode->dwFlags            = (MultipleObjectsWaitAll == wtWaitType) ? 
+                                            WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL : 0;
+        pwtlnNewNode->shridWaitingState  = m_pthrOwner->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened; 
+        if (fSharedObject)
+        {
+            pwtlnNewNode->dwFlags                   |= WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED;
+            pwtlnNewNode->shridSHRThis               = shridNewNode;
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid = m_psdSynchData->GetSharedThis();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.ptr = m_psdSynchData;
+        }
+        
+        // AddRef the synch data (will be released in UnregisterWait)
+        m_psdSynchData->AddRef();
+        fSynchDataRefd = true;
+
+        ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount] = pwtlnNewNode;
+
+        if(otiProcess == m_psdSynchData->GetObjectTypeId())
+        {
+            CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData = GetProcessLocalData();
+
+            if (NULL == pProcLocalData)
+            {
+                // Process local data pointer not set in the controller.
+                // This pointer is set in CSynchWaitController only when the
+                // wait controller for the object is created by calling
+                // GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects
+                ASSERT("Process synch data pointer is missing\n");
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto RWT_exit;
+            }
+            
+            palErr = pSynchManager->RegisterProcessForMonitoring(m_pthrOwner,
+                                                                 m_psdSynchData, 
+                                                                 m_pProcessObject,
+                                                                 pProcLocalData);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                goto RWT_exit;
+            }
+        }
+        
+        if (0 == ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount)
+        {
+            DWORD dwWaitState;
+
+            // Setting the thread in wait state 
+            dwWaitState = (DWORD)(fAlertable ? TWS_ALERTABLE: TWS_WAITING);
+
+            TRACE("Switching my wait state [%p] from TWS_ACTIVE to %u \n", 
+                  pdwWaitState, dwWaitState);
+
+            dwWaitState = InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                (LONG *)pdwWaitState, (LONG)dwWaitState, TWS_ACTIVE);
+            if ((DWORD)TWS_ACTIVE != dwWaitState)
+            {
+                if ((DWORD)TWS_EARLYDEATH == dwWaitState)
+                {
+                    // Process is terminating, this thread will soon be 
+                    // suspended (by SuspendOtherThreads).
+                    WARN("Thread is about to get suspended by "
+                         "TerminateProcess\n");
+
+                    fEarlyDeath = true;
+                    palErr = WAIT_FAILED;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ASSERT("Unexpected thread wait state %d\n", dwWaitState);
+                    palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                }
+                goto RWT_exit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Add new node to queue
+        if (fSharedObject)
+        {
+            m_psdSynchData->SharedWaiterEnqueue(shridNewNode);
+            ptwiWaitInfo->lSharedObjCount += 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_psdSynchData->WaiterEnqueue(pwtlnNewNode);
+        }
+
+        // Succeeded: update object count
+        ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount++;
+
+    RWT_exit:
+        if (palErr != NO_ERROR)
+        {
+            // Unregister any partial wait registration
+            pSynchManager->UnRegisterWait(m_pthrOwner, ptwiWaitInfo, fSharedObject);
+            
+            if (fSynchDataRefd)
+            {
+                m_psdSynchData->Release(m_pthrOwner);
+            }
+            if ((fSharedObject)  && (NULLSharedID != shridNewNode))
+            {
+                pSynchManager->CacheAddSharedWTListNode(m_pthrOwner, shridNewNode);
+            }
+            else if (NULL != pwtlnNewNode)
+            {
+                pSynchManager->CacheAddLocalWTListNode(m_pthrOwner, pwtlnNewNode);
+            }
+
+            if (fEarlyDeath)
+            {
+                // Early death detected, i.e. the process is about to exit. 
+                // We need to completely release the synch lock(s) before
+                // going to sleep
+                LONG lLocalSynchLockCount; 
+                LONG lSharedSynchLockCount;
+                                          
+                lSharedSynchLockCount = CPalSynchronizationManager::ResetSharedSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+                lLocalSynchLockCount = CPalSynchronizationManager::ResetLocalSynchLock(m_pthrOwner);
+
+                _ASSERTE(0 < lLocalSynchLockCount);
+
+                // Sleep for ever                
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::ThreadPrepareForShutdown();
+            }
+        }
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        else
+        {
+            m_psdSynchData->IncrementStatWaitCount();
+            m_psdSynchData->IncrementStatContentionCount();
+        }
+#endif        
+        return palErr;
+    }                                                
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::ReleaseController
+
+    Releases the current controller
+    --*/
+    void CSynchWaitController::ReleaseController()
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        
+        Release();
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::GetProcessLocalData
+
+    Accessor Get method for process local data of the target object
+    --*/
+    CProcProcessLocalData * CSynchWaitController::GetProcessLocalData() 
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != m_pProcLocalData,
+                    "Pointer to process local data not yet initialized\n");
+
+        return m_pProcLocalData; 
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchWaitController::SetProcessData
+
+    Accessor Set method for process local data of the target object
+    --*/
+    void CSynchWaitController::SetProcessData(IPalObject* pProcessObject, CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData)
+    {   
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(m_pProcessObject == nullptr, "SetProcessData should not be called more than once");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(pProcessObject != nullptr && pProcessObject->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiProcess, "Invalid process object passed to SetProcessData");
+
+        m_pProcessObject = pProcessObject;
+        m_pProcLocalData = pProcLocalData;
+    }
+
+    /////////////////////////////
+    //                         //
+    //  CSynchStateController  //
+    //                         //
+    /////////////////////////////
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::GetSignalCount
+
+    Returns the current signal count of the target object
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::GetSignalCount(LONG *plSignalCount)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+                
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;        
+        LONG lCount = m_psdSynchData->GetSignalCount();
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != plSignalCount);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 <= lCount,
+                    "Internal error: negative signal count [signal count=%d]",
+                    lCount);
+
+        *plSignalCount = lCount;
+        return palErr;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::SetSignalCount
+
+    Sets the signal count of the target object, possibly triggering
+    waiting threads awakening.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::SetSignalCount(LONG lNewCount)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(lNewCount >= 0);
+                    
+        m_psdSynchData->Signal(m_pthrOwner, lNewCount, false);
+        
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::IncrementSignalCount
+
+    Increments the signal count of the target object, possibly triggering
+    waiting threads awakening.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::IncrementSignalCount(
+        LONG lAmountToIncrement)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(lAmountToIncrement > 0);
+
+        LONG lOldCount = m_psdSynchData->GetSignalCount();
+        LONG lNewCount = lOldCount + lAmountToIncrement;
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(lNewCount > lOldCount,
+            "Signal count increment %d would make current signal count %d to "
+            "wrap around\n", lAmountToIncrement, lOldCount);
+        
+        m_psdSynchData->Signal(m_pthrOwner, lNewCount, false);
+
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::DecrementSignalCount
+
+    Decrements the signal count of the target object.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::DecrementSignalCount(
+        LONG lAmountToDecrement)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(lAmountToDecrement > 0);
+        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        LONG lCount = m_psdSynchData->GetSignalCount();
+        _ASSERTE(lAmountToDecrement <= lCount);
+
+        m_psdSynchData->SetSignalCount(lCount - lAmountToDecrement);
+        
+        return palErr;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::SetOwner
+
+    Sets the owner of the target object and initializes the ownership 
+    count to 1 (for objects with tracked ownership).
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::SetOwner(CPalThread * pNewOwningThread)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pNewOwningThread);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == 
+                    m_potObjectType->GetOwnershipSemantics(),
+                    "SetOwner called on an object without OwnershipTracked "
+                    "semantics\n");
+        
+        if (0 != m_psdSynchData->GetOwnershipCount())
+        {
+            ASSERT("Ownership count should be zero at this time\n");
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto SO_exit;
+        }
+
+        palErr = m_psdSynchData->AssignOwnershipToThread(m_pthrOwner, 
+                                                       pNewOwningThread);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == m_psdSynchData->GetOwnershipCount() || 
+                    0 == m_psdSynchData->GetSignalCount(),
+                    "Conflicting values for SignalCount [%d] and "
+                    "OwnershipCount [%d]\n", 
+                    m_psdSynchData->GetOwnershipCount(), 
+                    m_psdSynchData->GetSignalCount());
+        
+    SO_exit:
+        return palErr;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::DecrementOwnershipCount
+
+    Decrements the ownership count of the target object possibly triggering
+    waiting threads awakening (for objects with tracked ownership).
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchStateController::DecrementOwnershipCount()
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        LONG lOwnershipCount = m_psdSynchData->GetOwnershipCount();
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == 
+                    m_potObjectType->GetOwnershipSemantics(),
+                    "Trying to decrement ownership count on an object with "
+                    "ownership semantics other than OwnershipTracked\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 <= lOwnershipCount,
+                    "Operation would make ownership count negative - object "
+                    "should be owned at this time [ownership count=%d]\n", 
+                    lOwnershipCount);
+        
+        if ( (1 > lOwnershipCount) || 
+             (m_psdSynchData->GetOwnerProcessID() != gPID) ||
+             (m_psdSynchData->GetOwnerThread() != m_pthrOwner) )
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_OWNER;
+            goto DOC_exit;            
+        }
+
+        lOwnershipCount--;
+        m_psdSynchData->SetOwnershipCount(lOwnershipCount);
+
+        if (0 == lOwnershipCount)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+            OwnedObjectsListNode * pooln =
+                m_psdSynchData->GetOwnershipListNode();
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pooln, 
+                        "Null ownership node pointer in SynchData with ownership "
+                        "semantics\n");
+            _ASSERT_MSG(m_psdSynchData == pooln->pPalObjSynchData, 
+                        "Corrupted ownership node\n");
+
+            // Object has been released
+            // Remove it from list of owned objs for current thread
+            m_pthrOwner->synchronizationInfo.RemoveObjectFromOwnedList(pooln);
+
+            // Release SynchData reference count implied by the ownership 
+            // list node
+            m_psdSynchData->Release(m_pthrOwner);
+
+            // Return node to the cache
+            pSynchManager->CacheAddOwnedObjsListNode(m_pthrOwner, pooln);
+
+            // Reset ownership
+            m_psdSynchData->ResetOwnership();             
+            
+            // Signal it and trigger waiter thread awakening
+            m_psdSynchData->Signal(m_pthrOwner, 1, false);
+        }
+                
+    DOC_exit:
+        return palErr;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchStateController::ReleaseController
+
+    Releases the controller.
+    --*/
+    void CSynchStateController::ReleaseController(void)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(m_psdSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERTE(InternalGetCurrentThread() == m_pthrOwner);
+        
+        Release();
+    }
+
+    //////////////////
+    //              //
+    //  CSynchData  //
+    //              //
+    //////////////////
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::Release
+
+    Decremnt the reference count of the target synchdata and retrurns 
+    it to the appropriate cache if the reference count reaches zero.
+    --*/
+    LONG CSynchData::Release(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        
+        LONG lCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 <= lCount,
+                    "CSynchData %p with negative reference count [%d]\n", 
+                    this, lCount);
+
+        if (0 == lCount)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+            bool fSharedObject = (SharedObject == m_odObjectDomain);
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG((fSharedObject && (NULLSharedID == m_ptrWTLHead.shrid)) ||
+                        (!fSharedObject && (NULL == m_ptrWTLHead.ptr)),
+                        "Final Release on CSynchData with threads still in "
+                        "the waiting list\n"); 
+
+            TRACE("Disposing %s waitable object with SynchData @ "
+                  "{shrid=%p, p=%p}\n",
+                  (SharedObject == m_odObjectDomain) ? "shared" : "local",
+                  (PVOID)m_shridThis, this);
+            
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+            LONG lStatWaitCount = GetStatWaitCount();
+            LONG lStatContentionCount = GetStatContentionCount();
+            LONG lCount, lNewCount;
+
+            TRACE("Statistical data for SynchData of otiType=%u @ %p: WaitCount=%d "
+                  "ContentionCount=%d\n", m_otiObjectTypeId, this, lStatWaitCount, 
+                  lStatContentionCount);
+            
+            do {
+                lCount = g_rglStatWaitCount[m_otiObjectTypeId];
+                lNewCount = lCount + lStatWaitCount;
+                lNewCount = InterlockedCompareExchange(&(g_rglStatWaitCount[m_otiObjectTypeId]), 
+                                                       lNewCount, lCount);
+            } while (lCount != lNewCount);
+
+            lStatWaitCount = lNewCount;
+
+            do {
+                lCount = g_rglStatContentionCount[m_otiObjectTypeId];
+                lNewCount = lCount + lStatContentionCount;
+                lNewCount = InterlockedCompareExchange(&(g_rglStatContentionCount[m_otiObjectTypeId]), 
+                                                       lNewCount, lCount);
+            } while (lCount != lNewCount);
+
+            lStatContentionCount = lNewCount;
+
+            TRACE("Total current statistical data for otiType=%u objects: WaitCount=%d "
+                  "ContentionCount=%d\n", m_otiObjectTypeId, lStatWaitCount, 
+                  lStatContentionCount);
+#endif // SYNCH_STATISTICS       
+
+            if (fSharedObject)
+            {
+                pSynchManager->CacheAddSharedSynchData(pthrCurrent, m_shridThis);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pSynchManager->CacheAddLocalSynchData(pthrCurrent, this);
+            }            
+        }
+            
+        return lCount;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking
+
+    Performs all the steps needed to be done by the target thread in order 
+    to wait without blocking on the object associated with the current 
+    SynchData (e.g. modifying the object signal count accordingly with its
+    thread release semantics)
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchData::ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CObjectType * potObjectType = GetObjectType();
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        CObjectType::SignalingSemantics ssSignalingSemantics = 
+            potObjectType->GetSignalingSemantics();
+#endif // _DEBUG
+        CObjectType::OwnershipSemantics osOwnershipSemantics = 
+            potObjectType->GetOwnershipSemantics();
+        CObjectType::ThreadReleaseSemantics trsThreadReleaseSemantics =
+            potObjectType->GetThreadReleaseSemantics();
+        bool fReenteringObjWithOwnership = false;
+        
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::SignalingNotApplicable != ssSignalingSemantics,
+                    "Signaling not applicable");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::ThreadReleaseNotApplicable != 
+                    trsThreadReleaseSemantics,
+                    "Thread releasing not applicable");        
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::SingleTransitionObject != ssSignalingSemantics ||
+                    (CObjectType::ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects == 
+                     trsThreadReleaseSemantics &&
+                     CObjectType::NoOwner == osOwnershipSemantics),
+                    "Conflicting object synchronization attributes "
+                    "[SignalingSemantics=%u OwnershipSemantics=%u "
+                    "ThreadReleaseSemantics=%u]\n", ssSignalingSemantics,
+                    osOwnershipSemantics, trsThreadReleaseSemantics);
+
+        if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == osOwnershipSemantics && 
+            0 < GetOwnershipCount())
+        {
+            // We are rentering an object with ownership: we need to skip
+            // the object unsignaling 
+            fReenteringObjWithOwnership = true;
+        }
+    
+        if (!fReenteringObjWithOwnership &&
+            CObjectType::ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount == trsThreadReleaseSemantics)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 < GetSignalCount(),
+                        "Internal error: operation would make signal count "
+                        "negative - object should be signaled at this time "
+                        "[signal count=%d]", GetSignalCount());
+            _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::OwnershipTracked != osOwnershipSemantics || 
+                        1 == GetSignalCount(), 
+                        "Ownable objects cannot have signal count greater "
+                        "than zero [current SignalCount=%d]\n",
+                        GetSignalCount());
+
+            // Unsignal the object
+            DecrementSignalCount();
+        }
+
+        if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == osOwnershipSemantics)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 == GetOwnershipCount() || 0 == GetSignalCount(),
+                        "OwnershipCount and SignalCount with conflicting "
+                        "values\n");
+            
+            // Take ownership or increment ownership count.            
+            // We do this after the object unsignaling to minimize possibilities
+            // of having both SignalCount and OwnershipCount greater than zero
+            // (see comment in AssignOwnershipToThread)
+            palErr = AssignOwnershipToThread(pthrCurrent, pthrTarget);
+            
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("AssignOwnershipToThread failed with error %u; "
+                      "ownership data on object with SynchData {shrid=%p p=%p} "
+                      "may be corrupted\n", palErr, (void *)m_shridThis, this);
+            }
+        }        
+        
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            IncrementStatWaitCount();
+        }
+#endif
+        return palErr;
+
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking
+
+    Returns whether or not the waiter thread can wait on the target object 
+    without blocking (i.e. the objet is signaled)
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    bool CSynchData::CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking(
+        CPalThread * pWaiterThread,
+        bool * pfAbandoned)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        
+        bool fRetVal = (0 < GetSignalCount());
+        bool fAbandoned = false;
+        bool fOwnershipTracked = (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == 
+                                  GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics());
+        if (fRetVal)            
+        {
+            // Object signaled: thread can wait without blocking
+            if (fOwnershipTracked)
+            {
+                fAbandoned = IsAbandoned();
+            }
+
+            goto CWWWB_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Object not signaled: thread can wait without blocking only if the
+        // object is an ownable one, and it is owned by the current thread
+        if (fOwnershipTracked)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 < GetSignalCount() || 0 < GetOwnershipCount(),
+                        "Objects with ownership must be either signaled or "
+                        "owned by a thread\n");
+                        
+            if ((GetOwnerProcessID() == gPID) && 
+                (GetOwnerThread() == pWaiterThread) )
+            {
+                fRetVal = true;
+                goto CWWWB_exit;
+            }
+        }
+
+    CWWWB_exit:
+        *pfAbandoned = fAbandoned;
+        return fRetVal;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::Signal
+
+    Sets the signal count of the object owning the target SynchData, 
+    possibly triggering awakening of waiting threads.
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    void CSynchData::Signal(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent, 
+        LONG lSignalCount, 
+        bool fWorkerThread)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+
+        bool fThreadReleased = false;
+        bool fDelegatedSignaling = false;
+        bool fReleaseAltersSignalCount = 
+            (CObjectType::ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount ==
+                GetObjectType()->GetThreadReleaseSemantics());
+
+        _ASSERTE(0 <= lSignalCount);
+
+        // Preset the signal count to the new value, so that it can be used
+        // by ReleaseFirstWaiter when delegating signaling to another process
+        m_lSignalCount = lSignalCount;
+        
+        while (m_lSignalCount > 0)
+        {
+            fThreadReleased = ReleaseFirstWaiter(pthrCurrent, 
+                                                 &fDelegatedSignaling, 
+                                                 fWorkerThread);
+            if (!fThreadReleased)
+            {
+                // No more threads to release: break out of the loop
+                // keeping the current signal count
+                break;
+            }
+            if (fReleaseAltersSignalCount)
+            {
+                // Adjust signal count
+                m_lSignalCount--;
+            }
+            if (fDelegatedSignaling)
+            {
+                // Object signaling has been delegated
+                m_lSignalCount = 0;
+            }                    
+        }
+        
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::OwnershipTracked != 
+                    GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics() || 
+                    0 == GetOwnershipCount() || 0 == GetSignalCount(),
+                    "Conflicting values for SignalCount [%d] and "
+                    "OwnershipCount [%d]\n", 
+                    GetOwnershipCount(), GetSignalCount());
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(otiMutex != m_otiObjectTypeId || m_lSignalCount <= 1,
+                    "Mutex with invalid singal count\n");
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::ReleaseFirstWaiter
+
+    Releases the first thread from the front of the list of waiting threads 
+    whose wait is fully satisfied, possibly triggering remote awakening (if 
+    the target thread lives in a different process) or object signaling 
+    delegation (if the target thread lives in a different processing and it 
+    is blocked on a wait-all).
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    bool CSynchData::ReleaseFirstWaiter(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        bool * pfDelegated,
+        bool fWorkerThread)
+    {        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        bool fSharedObject = (SharedObject == GetObjectDomain());
+        bool fThreadAwakened = false;
+        bool fDelegatedSignaling = false;
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+        DWORD dwObjIdx;
+        SharedID shridItem = NULLSharedID, shridNextItem = NULLSharedID;
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItem, * pwtlnNextItem;
+        DWORD dwPid = gPID;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+
+        *pfDelegated = false;
+
+        if (fSharedObject)
+        {
+            shridItem = GetWTLHeadShmPtr();
+            pwtlnItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridItem);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pwtlnItem = GetWTLHeadPtr();
+        }
+            
+        while (pwtlnItem)
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+            
+            WaitCompletionState wcsWaitCompletionState;
+            bool fWaitAll = (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL & pwtlnItem->dwFlags));
+            pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD, 
+                pwtlnItem->shridWaitingState);           
+
+            if (fSharedObject)
+            {
+                shridNextItem = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.shrid;
+                pwtlnNextItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, 
+                                                  shridNextItem);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pwtlnNextItem = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr;
+            }                    
+
+            if (fWaitAll)
+            {
+                // Wait All: we need to find out whether the wait is satisfied, 
+                // or it is not, or if that cannot be determined from within 
+                // this process (WaitMayBeSatisfied); in this case we need to 
+                // delegate the object signaling to the process hosting the 
+                // thread that owns the current target WaitingThreadsListNode
+
+                // If the target object is local (fSharedObject == false)
+                // we're probably not holding the shared lock.
+                // If the wait is not a LocalWait, it involves at least one
+                // shared object. If that is the case, at this time we need 
+                // to grab the shared lock.  In fact IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied
+                // and UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll must be called 
+                // atomically to prevent that another thread living
+                // in a different process could race with us stealing the 
+                // signaling from one of the objects involved in the wait-all.
+                //
+                // Note: pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo is valid only if the target
+                // wait originates in the current process. Anyway in the 
+                // following 'if' we don't need to check that since we are
+                // already making sure that the object is local (!fSharedObject).
+                // If a wait involves at least one object local to this process, 
+                // it can only be a wait performed by a thread in the current 
+                // process, therefore pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo is valid.
+
+                _ASSERTE(fSharedObject || pwtlnItem->dwProcessId == gPID); 
+                
+                if (!fSharedSynchLock && !fSharedObject && 
+                    LocalWait != pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+                {
+                    CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                    fSharedSynchLock = true;
+                }   
+
+                // First check if the current target node is already marked for 
+                // wait all check in progress, and in case skip it by setting
+                // wcsWaitCompletionState to WaitIsNotSatisfied
+                bool fMarkedForDelegatedObjectSingalingInProgress = 
+                    (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_DELEGATED_OBJECT_SIGNALING_IN_PROGRESS & pwtlnItem->dwFlags));
+                
+                wcsWaitCompletionState = 
+                    fMarkedForDelegatedObjectSingalingInProgress ? WaitIsNotSatisfied : 
+                    IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied(pwtlnItem);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Normal Wait: the wait is satisfied by definition
+                wcsWaitCompletionState = WaitIsSatisfied;
+            }
+            
+            if (WaitIsSatisfied == wcsWaitCompletionState)
+            {
+                //
+                // Target wait is satisfied
+                //
+                TRACE("Trying to switch wait state [%p] from WAIT/ALERTABLE "
+                      "to ACTIVE for thread=%u\n", 
+                      pdwWaitState, pwtlnItem->dwThreadId);
+                
+                if (CPalSynchronizationManager::InterlockedAwaken(pdwWaitState, FALSE))
+                {
+                    TRACE("Succeeded switching wait state [%p] from WAIT/ALERTABLE "
+                          "to TWS_ACTIVE for trhead=%u\n", 
+                          pdwWaitState, pwtlnItem->dwThreadId);
+
+                    dwObjIdx = pwtlnItem->dwObjIndex;
+                    
+                    if (dwPid == pwtlnItem->dwProcessId)
+                    {
+                        ///////////////////////////
+                        //
+                        // Local Thread Awakening
+                        //
+                        ///////////////////////////
+                        ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo;
+                        bool fAbandoned = false;
+
+                        if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked ==
+                            GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics())
+                        {
+                            // Get the abandoned status before resetting it by
+                            // assigning ownership to target thread
+                            fAbandoned = IsAbandoned();
+                            
+                            // Assign ownership to target thread
+                            // Note: This will cause both ownership count and
+                            //       signal count to be greater than zero at the
+                            //       same time; the signal count will be anyway
+                            //       decremented immediately by the caller 
+                            //       CsynchData::Signal
+                            palErr = AssignOwnershipToThread(pthrCurrent,
+                                                             ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner);
+                            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                            {
+                                ERROR("Synch Worker: AssignOwnershipToThread "
+                                      "failed with error %u; ownership data on "
+                                      "object with SynchData %p may be "
+                                      "corrupted\n", palErr, this);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        if (fWaitAll)
+                        {
+                            // Wait all satisfied: unsignal other objects 
+                            // involved in the wait
+                            CPalSynchronizationManager::UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll(
+                                pthrCurrent,
+                                ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner,
+                                pwtlnItem,
+                                this);
+                        }                        
+
+                        TRACE("Unregistering wait for thread %u and waking it up "
+                              "[pdwWaitState=%p]\n", pwtlnItem->dwThreadId, 
+                              pdwWaitState);
+                        
+                        // Unregister the wait
+                        pSynchManager->UnRegisterWait(pthrCurrent, 
+                                                      ptwiWaitInfo,
+                                                      fSharedObject || fSharedSynchLock);
+
+                        // After UnRegisterWait pwtlnItem is invalid
+                        pwtlnItem = NULL; 
+                                                
+                        palErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalThread(
+                            pthrCurrent, 
+                            ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner, 
+                            fAbandoned ? MutexAbondoned : WaitSucceeded,
+                            dwObjIdx);
+                        
+                        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                        {
+                            ERROR("Failed to wakeup local thread %#x: "
+                                  "object signaling may be "
+                                  "lost\n", ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ///////////////////////////
+                        //
+                        // Remote Thread Awakening
+                        //
+                        ///////////////////////////
+
+                        // Note: if we are here, this cannot be a wait-all
+                        _ASSERT_MSG(!fWaitAll, 
+                                    "Control should never reach this point if "
+                                    "target wait is a wait-all\n");
+
+                        // Wake up remote thread
+                        palErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpRemoteThread(shridItem);
+
+                        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                        {
+                            ERROR("Failed to dispatch remote awakening cmd to "
+                                  "worker thread in process pid=%d to wake up"
+                                  "thread tid=%#x; object signaling may be "
+                                  "lost\n", pwtlnItem->dwProcessId, 
+                                  pwtlnItem->dwThreadId);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // A thread has been awakened
+                    fThreadAwakened = true;
+
+                    // break out of the while loop
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (WaitMayBeSatisfied == wcsWaitCompletionState)
+            {
+                //////////////////////////////////////////
+                //
+                // Wait All with remote thread awakening
+                //
+                //////////////////////////////////////////
+                
+                //
+                // We need to transfer the object signaling to the process
+                // hosting the target waiter thread
+                //                
+                
+                _ASSERT_MSG(fWaitAll,
+                            "IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied() apparently "
+                            "returned -1 on a normal (non wait all) "
+                            "wait\n");
+                _ASSERT_MSG(fSharedObject,
+                            "About to delegate object signaling to a remote "
+                            "process, but the signaled object is actually "
+                            "local\n");
+                
+                // Delegate object signaling to target process
+                palErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::DelegateSignalingToRemoteProcess(
+                    pthrCurrent,
+                    pwtlnItem->dwProcessId,
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+
+                TRACE("Delegating object signaling for SynchData shrid=%p\n",
+                      (VOID *)pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+                
+                if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+                {
+                    // A remote thread will be awakened
+                    // This will also cause the object to be unsignaled by the
+                    // code calling ReleaseFirstWaiter before releasing the 
+                    // synch locks, so no other WaitForMultipleObjects 
+                    // involving the target object may race stealing this 
+                    // particuklar object signaling 
+                    fThreadAwakened = true;
+
+                    fDelegatedSignaling = true;                    
+                    
+                    // break out of the while loop
+                    break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ERROR("Failed to delegate object signaling to remote "
+                          "process %d. Looking for another waiter.\n",
+                          pwtlnItem->dwProcessId);
+
+                    // Go on: a different target waiter will be selected
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (fWorkerThread && fWaitAll && (dwPid == pwtlnItem->dwProcessId))
+            {
+                // Mark the target wait for object signaling
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+                    pthrCurrent,
+                    pwtlnItem);
+            }
+
+            // Go to the next item
+            shridItem = shridNextItem;
+            pwtlnItem = pwtlnNextItem;
+        }
+
+        if (fDelegatedSignaling)
+        {            
+            *pfDelegated = true;
+        }
+        else if (fWorkerThread)
+        {
+            // Reset 'delegated object signaling in progress' flags
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::UnmarkTWListForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+                this);
+        }
+
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+        return fThreadAwakened;   
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::Signal
+
+    Releases all the threads waiting on this object and living in the current
+    process.
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    LONG CSynchData::ReleaseAllLocalWaiters(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {        
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        LONG lAwakenedCount = 0;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        bool fSharedObject = (SharedObject == GetObjectDomain());
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+        DWORD dwObjIdx;
+        SharedID shridItem = NULLSharedID, shridNextItem = NULLSharedID;
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItem, * pwtlnNextItem;
+        DWORD dwPid = gPID;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+
+        if (fSharedObject)
+        {
+            shridItem = GetWTLHeadShmPtr();
+            pwtlnItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridItem);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pwtlnItem = GetWTLHeadPtr();
+        }
+            
+        while (pwtlnItem)
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+            
+            bool fWaitAll = (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL & pwtlnItem->dwFlags));
+            pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD, 
+                pwtlnItem->shridWaitingState);           
+
+            if (fSharedObject)
+            {
+                shridNextItem = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.shrid;
+                pwtlnNextItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, 
+                                                  shridNextItem);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pwtlnNextItem = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr;
+            }    
+
+            // See note in similar spot in ReleaseFirstWaiter
+            
+            _ASSERTE(fSharedObject || pwtlnItem->dwProcessId == gPID); 
+
+            if (!fSharedSynchLock && !fSharedObject && 
+                LocalWait != pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+            {
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                fSharedSynchLock = true;
+            }   
+
+            if( dwPid == pwtlnItem->dwProcessId &&
+                (!fWaitAll || WaitIsSatisfied == IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied(pwtlnItem)) )
+            {
+                //
+                // Target wait is satisfied
+                //
+                TRACE("Trying to switch wait state [%p] from WAIT/ALERTABLE "
+                      "to ACTIVE for thread=%u\n", 
+                      pdwWaitState, pwtlnItem->dwThreadId);
+                
+                if (CPalSynchronizationManager::InterlockedAwaken(pdwWaitState, FALSE))
+                {
+                    TRACE("Succeeded switching wait state [%p] from WAIT/ALERTABLE "
+                          "to TWS_ACTIVE for trhead=%u\n", 
+                          pdwWaitState, pwtlnItem->dwThreadId);
+
+                    dwObjIdx = pwtlnItem->dwObjIndex;
+                    
+                    ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnItem->ptwiWaitInfo;
+                    bool fAbandoned = false;
+
+                    if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked ==
+                        GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics())
+                    {
+                        // Get the abandoned status before resetting it by
+                        // assigning ownership to target thread
+                        fAbandoned = IsAbandoned();
+                        
+                        // Assign ownership to target thread
+                        palErr = AssignOwnershipToThread(pthrCurrent,
+                                                         ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner);
+                        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                        {
+                            ERROR("Synch Worker: AssignOwnershipToThread "
+                                  "failed with error %u; ownership data on "
+                                  "object with SynchData %p may be "
+                                  "corrupted\n", palErr, this);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (fWaitAll)
+                    {
+                        // Wait all satisfied: unsignal other objects 
+                        // involved in the wait
+                        CPalSynchronizationManager::UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll(
+                                                   pthrCurrent,
+                                                   ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner,
+                                                   pwtlnItem,
+                                                   this);
+                    }                        
+
+                    TRACE("Unregistering wait for thread %u and waking it up "
+                          "[pdwWaitState=%p]\n", pwtlnItem->dwThreadId, 
+                          pdwWaitState);
+                    
+                    // Unregister the wait
+                    pSynchManager->UnRegisterWait(pthrCurrent, 
+                                                  ptwiWaitInfo, 
+                                                  fSharedObject || fSharedSynchLock);
+
+                    // After UnRegisterWait pwtlnItem is invalid
+                    pwtlnItem = NULL; 
+                                            
+                    palErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalThread(
+                        pthrCurrent, 
+                        ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner, 
+                        fAbandoned ? MutexAbondoned : WaitSucceeded,
+                        dwObjIdx);
+                    
+                    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Failed to wakeup local thread %#x: "
+                              "object signaling may be "
+                              "lost\n", ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId());
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // A thread has been awakened
+                        lAwakenedCount++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Go to the next item
+            shridItem = shridNextItem;
+            pwtlnItem = pwtlnNextItem;
+        }
+
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }        
+        return lAwakenedCount;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied
+
+    Returns whether or not the current wait-all operation is fully satisfied,
+    assuming the current target object as signaled (i.e. whether or not all the 
+    involved object, except the current one, are signaled).
+    It returns:
+     - WaitIsNotSatisfied if the wait-all is not fully satisfied.
+     - WaitIsSatisfied if the wait-all is fully satisfied.
+     - WaitMayBeSatisfied if the target thread lives in a different process and 
+       therefore the wait may involve objects local to the remote process, and 
+       as result is generally not possible to say whther or not the wait-all is 
+       fully satisfied from the current process.
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the synchronization locks 
+          appropriate to all the objects involved in the wait-all. If any 
+          of the objects is shared, the caller must own both local and 
+          shared synch locks; if no shared object is involved in the wait, 
+          only the local synch lock is needed.
+    --*/
+    WaitCompletionState CSynchData::IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied(
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode)
+    {
+        int iSignaledOrOwnedObjCount = 0; 
+        int iTgtCount = 0;
+        int i;
+        WaitCompletionState wcsWaitCompletionState = WaitIsNotSatisfied;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchDataItem = NULL;
+        ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo = NULL;
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 != (WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL & pwtlnNode->dwFlags),
+                    "IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied() called on a normal "
+                    "(non wait all) wait");
+        _ASSERT_MSG((SharedObject == GetObjectDomain()) == 
+                    (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnNode->dwFlags)),
+                    "WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED in WaitingThreadsListNode "
+                    "not consistent with target object's domain\n");
+
+        if(gPID != pwtlnNode->dwProcessId)
+        {
+            ////////////////////////////
+            //
+            // Remote Thread Awakening 
+            //
+            ////////////////////////////
+            
+            // Cannot determine whether or not the wait all is satisfied from 
+            // this process 
+            wcsWaitCompletionState = WaitMayBeSatisfied;
+            goto IROWAS_exit;            
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////
+        //
+        // Local Thread Awakening
+        //
+        ///////////////////////////
+        
+        ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnNode->ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+        iTgtCount = ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount;
+        for (i=0; i < iTgtCount; i++)
+        {
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItem = ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[i];
+            bool fRetVal;
+            bool fIsAbandoned;
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+
+            if (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnItem->dwFlags))
+            {                
+                psdSynchDataItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, 
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                psdSynchDataItem = pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.ptr;
+            }
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchDataItem);
+
+            if (pwtlnItem == pwtlnNode)
+            {
+                _ASSERT_MSG (this == psdSynchDataItem,
+                             "pwtlnNode and pwtlnItem match, but this "
+                             "and psdSynchDataItem don't\n");
+
+                // The target object (the one related to pwtlnNode) is counted as
+                // signaled/owned without checking it (also if it is not, as 
+                // it normally happens when this method is called)                
+                iSignaledOrOwnedObjCount++;                
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            fRetVal = psdSynchDataItem->CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking(
+                ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner,
+                &fIsAbandoned);
+
+            if (fRetVal)
+            {
+                iSignaledOrOwnedObjCount++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                break;
+            }                
+        }
+
+        if (iSignaledOrOwnedObjCount < iTgtCount)
+        {
+            wcsWaitCompletionState = WaitIsNotSatisfied;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            wcsWaitCompletionState = WaitIsSatisfied;
+        }
+
+    IROWAS_exit:        
+        TRACE("IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied() returning %u \n", wcsWaitCompletionState);
+        
+        return wcsWaitCompletionState;
+    }
+    
+               
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::SetOwner
+
+    Blindly sets the thread whose CPalThread is passed as argument, as the 
+    owner of the current object. 
+    WARNING: this method discards any previous ownership data and does not 
+    update the list of the object owned by the owner thread.
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    void CSynchData::SetOwner(CPalThread * pOwnerThread)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        
+        m_dwOwnerPid   = gPID;
+        m_dwOwnerTid   = pOwnerThread->GetThreadId();
+        m_pOwnerThread = pOwnerThread;
+    }
+    
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::ResetOwnership
+
+    Resets current object's ownership data
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    void CSynchData::ResetOwnership()
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        
+        m_lOwnershipCount          = 0;
+        m_dwOwnerPid               = 0; 
+        m_dwOwnerTid               = 0;
+        m_pOwnerThread             = NULL;
+        m_poolnOwnedObjectListNode = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::AssignOwnershipToThread
+
+    Assigns thw ownership of the current object to the target thread, performing
+    all the operations neede to mantain the correct status of ownership data,
+    also handling recursive object ownership acquisition
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate 
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target 
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/    
+    PAL_ERROR CSynchData::AssignOwnershipToThread(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        // Note: when this method is called by ReleaseFirstWaiter there is
+        //       a small time window in which both SignalCount and 
+        //       OwnershipCount can be greater than zero (which normally
+        //       is illegal). Anyway that is fine since ReleaseFirstWaiter 
+        //       will restore the value right after, and such situation
+        //       takes place while holding synchroniztion locks, so no
+        //       other thread/process can access the object.
+                
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        
+        _ASSERT_MSG(CObjectType::OwnershipTracked ==
+                    GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics(),
+                    "AssignOwnershipToThread called on a non-ownable "
+                    "CSynchData [this=%p OwnershipSemantics=%u]\n", this,
+                    GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics());
+        
+
+        if (0 < m_lOwnershipCount)
+        {
+            //
+            // Object already owned, incrementing ownership count
+            //
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 == GetSignalCount(),
+                        "Conflicting OwnershipCount and SignalCount values\n");
+            
+            _ASSERT_MSG(pthrTarget == m_pOwnerThread && gPID == m_dwOwnerPid,
+                        "Attempting to assign ownership of CSynchData %p to "
+                        "thread {pid=%#x tid=%#x} while it is currently owned "
+                        "by thread {pid=%#x tid=%#x}\n", this,
+                        gPID, pthrTarget->GetThreadId(),
+                        m_dwOwnerPid, m_pOwnerThread->GetThreadId());
+
+            m_lOwnershipCount++;
+
+            TRACE("Incrementing ownership count for object with "
+                  "SynchData %p owned by thread %#x [new count=%d]\n",
+                  this, pthrTarget->GetThreadId(), m_lOwnershipCount);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            //
+            // Acquiring currently not owned object
+            //            
+            CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = 
+                CPalSynchronizationManager::GetInstance();
+            OwnedObjectsListNode * pooln;
+
+            pooln = pSynchManager->CacheGetOwnedObjsListNode(pthrCurrent);
+            if (NULL == pooln)
+            {
+                ERROR("Out of memory while acquiring mutex ownership");                
+                // In this case we bail out. It will result in no
+                // thread being awakend, which may cause deadlock,
+                // but it is anyway better than corrupting the 
+                // ownership list
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+                goto AOTT_exit;
+            } 
+
+            TRACE("Assigning ownable object with SynchData %p to "
+                  "thread %#x\n",
+                  this, pthrTarget->GetThreadId());
+
+            // Set ownership data
+            SetOwner(pthrTarget);
+            SetOwnershipListNode(pooln);
+            SetOwnershipCount(1);
+            SetAbandoned(false);
+
+            // Add object to list of owned objs for current thread
+            pooln->pPalObjSynchData = this;
+            AddRef();
+            pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.AddObjectToOwnedList(pooln);
+        }
+        
+    AOTT_exit:
+        return palErr;
+    }
+   
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::WaiterEnqueue
+
+    Adds the WaitingThreadsListNode passed as argument at the end of the 
+    list of WaitingThreadsListNode for the current object, representing 
+    the threads waiting on the current object. The target SynchData is
+    assumed to be local to the current process
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the local process 
+          synchronization lock.
+    --*/    
+    void CSynchData::WaiterEnqueue(WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNewNode)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNewNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(ProcessLocalObject == GetObjectDomain(),
+                    "Trying to enqueue a WaitingThreadsListNode as local "
+                    "on a shared object\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnNewNode->dwFlags),
+                    "Trying to add a WaitingThreadsListNode marked as shared "
+                    "as it was a local one\n");
+
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnCurrLast = m_ptrWTLTail.ptr;
+
+        pwtlnNewNode->ptrNext.ptr = NULL;
+        if (NULL == pwtlnCurrLast)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL == m_ptrWTLHead.ptr,
+                        "Corrupted waiting list on local CSynchData @ %p\n", 
+                        this);
+                
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrPrev.ptr = NULL;
+            m_ptrWTLHead.ptr = pwtlnNewNode;
+            m_ptrWTLTail.ptr = pwtlnNewNode;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnCurrLast);
+            
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrPrev.ptr = pwtlnCurrLast;
+            pwtlnCurrLast->ptrNext.ptr = pwtlnNewNode;                
+            m_ptrWTLTail.ptr = pwtlnNewNode;
+        }
+
+        m_ulcWaitingThreads += 1;
+        
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::SharedWaiterEnqueue
+
+    Adds the WaitingThreadsListNode passed as argument at the end of the 
+    list of WaitingThreadsListNode for the current object, representing 
+    the threads waiting on the current object. The target SynchData is
+    assumed to be shared among processes
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding both local and shared 
+          synchronization locks.
+    --*/    
+    void CSynchData::SharedWaiterEnqueue(SharedID shridNewNode)
+    {
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(this);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(SharedObject == GetObjectDomain(),
+                    "Trying to enqueue a WaitingThreadsListNode as shared "
+                    "on a local object\n");
+
+        SharedID shridCurrLast;
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnCurrLast, * pwtlnNewNode;
+
+        shridCurrLast = m_ptrWTLTail.shrid;
+        pwtlnCurrLast = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridCurrLast);
+        pwtlnNewNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridNewNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(1 == (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnNewNode->dwFlags),
+                    "Trying to add a WaitingThreadsListNode marked as local "
+                    "as it was a shared one\n");        
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNewNode);
+
+        pwtlnNewNode->ptrNext.shrid = NULLSharedID;
+        if (NULL == pwtlnCurrLast)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULLSharedID == m_ptrWTLHead.shrid, 
+                        "Corrupted waiting list on shared CSynchData at "
+                        "{shrid=%p, p=%p}\n", m_shridThis, this);
+            
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrPrev.shrid = NULLSharedID;
+            m_ptrWTLHead.shrid = shridNewNode;
+            m_ptrWTLTail.shrid = shridNewNode;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnCurrLast);
+            
+            pwtlnNewNode->ptrPrev.shrid = shridCurrLast;
+            pwtlnCurrLast->ptrNext.shrid = shridNewNode;                
+            m_ptrWTLTail.shrid = shridNewNode;
+        }
+
+        m_ulcWaitingThreads += 1;
+
+        return;
+    }    
+    
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+    CSynchData::~CSynchData()
+    {
+        ValidateObject(true);
+        InvalidateObject();
+    }
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::ValidateObject
+
+    Makes sure that the signature at the beginning and at the end of the
+    current object are those of a currently alive object (i.e. the object
+    has been constructed and does not appear to have been overwritten)
+    --*/    
+    void CSynchData::ValidateObject(bool fDestructor)
+    {
+        TRACE("Verifying in-use CSynchData @ %p\n", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(HeadSignature == m_dwDebugHeadSignature,
+                    "CSynchData header signature corruption [p=%p]", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(TailSignature == m_dwDebugTailSignature,
+                    "CSynchData trailer signature corruption [p=%p]", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG((fDestructor && 0 == m_lRefCount) || 
+                    (!fDestructor && 0 < m_lRefCount),
+                    "CSynchData %p with NULL reference count\n", this);
+    }
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::ValidateEmptyObject
+
+    Makes sure that the signature at the beginning and at the end of the
+    current object are not those of a currently alive object (i.e. the
+    object has not yet been constructed or it has alread been destructed)
+    --*/    
+    void CSynchData::ValidateEmptyObject()
+    {
+        TRACE("Verifying empty CSynchData @ %p\n", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(HeadSignature != m_dwDebugHeadSignature,
+                    "CSynchData header previously signed [p=%p]", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(TailSignature != m_dwDebugTailSignature,
+                    "CSynchData trailer previously signed [p=%p]", this);
+    }
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CSynchData::InvalidateObject
+
+    Turns signatures from alive object to destructed object
+    --*/    
+    void CSynchData::InvalidateObject()
+    {
+        TRACE("Invalidating CSynchData @ %p\n", this);
+        m_dwDebugHeadSignature = EmptySignature;
+        m_dwDebugTailSignature = EmptySignature;
+    }
+#endif // SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..473918cb68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4556 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    synchmanager.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Implementation of Synchronization Manager and related objects
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "synchmanager.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <sched.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#if HAVE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#else
+#include "pal/fakepoll.h"
+#endif // HAVE_POLL
+
+// We use the synchronization manager's worker thread to handle
+// process termination requests. It does so by calling the
+// registered handler function.
+PTERMINATION_REQUEST_HANDLER g_terminationRequestHandler = NULL;
+
+// Set the handler for process termination requests.
+VOID PALAPI PAL_SetTerminationRequestHandler(
+    IN PTERMINATION_REQUEST_HANDLER terminationHandler)
+{
+    g_terminationRequestHandler = terminationHandler;
+}
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    /////////////////////////////////
+    //                             //
+    //   WaitingThreadsListNode    //
+    //                             //
+    /////////////////////////////////
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+    _WaitingThreadsListNode::_WaitingThreadsListNode()
+    {
+        ValidateEmptyObject();
+        dwDebugHeadSignature = HeadSignature;
+        dwDebugTailSignature = TailSignature;
+    }
+    _WaitingThreadsListNode::~_WaitingThreadsListNode()
+    {
+        ValidateObject();
+        InvalidateObject();
+    }
+    void _WaitingThreadsListNode::ValidateObject()
+    {
+        TRACE("Verifying WaitingThreadsListNode @ %p\n", this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(HeadSignature == dwDebugHeadSignature,
+                    "WaitingThreadsListNode header signature corruption [p=%p]",
+                    this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(TailSignature == dwDebugTailSignature,
+                    "WaitingThreadsListNode trailer signature corruption [p=%p]",
+                    this);
+    }
+    void _WaitingThreadsListNode::ValidateEmptyObject()
+    {
+        _ASSERT_MSG(HeadSignature != dwDebugHeadSignature,
+                    "WaitingThreadsListNode header previously signed [p=%p]",
+                    this);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(TailSignature != dwDebugTailSignature,
+                    "WaitingThreadsListNode trailer previously signed [p=%p]",
+                    this);
+    }
+    void _WaitingThreadsListNode::InvalidateObject()
+    {
+        TRACE("Invalidating WaitingThreadsListNode @ %p\n", this);
+        dwDebugHeadSignature = EmptySignature;
+        dwDebugTailSignature = EmptySignature;
+    }
+#endif // SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+
+    //////////////////////////////
+    //                          //
+    //  CPalSynchMgrController  //
+    //                          //
+    //////////////////////////////
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchMgrController::CreatePalSynchronizationManager
+
+    Creates the Synchronization Manager. It must be called once per process.
+    --*/
+    IPalSynchronizationManager * CPalSynchMgrController::CreatePalSynchronizationManager()
+    {
+        return CPalSynchronizationManager::CreatePalSynchronizationManager();
+    };
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchMgrController::StartWorker
+
+    Starts the Synchronization Manager's Worker Thread
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchMgrController::StartWorker(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        return CPalSynchronizationManager::StartWorker(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchMgrController::PrepareForShutdown
+
+    This method performs the part of Synchronization Manager's shutdown that
+    needs to be carried out when core PAL subsystems are still active
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchMgrController::PrepareForShutdown()
+    {
+        return CPalSynchronizationManager::PrepareForShutdown();
+    }
+
+    //////////////////////////////////
+    //                              //
+    //  CPalSynchronizationManager  //
+    //                              //
+    //////////////////////////////////
+
+    IPalSynchronizationManager * g_pSynchronizationManager = NULL;
+
+    CPalSynchronizationManager * CPalSynchronizationManager::s_pObjSynchMgr = NULL;
+    Volatile<LONG> CPalSynchronizationManager::s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusIdle;
+    CRITICAL_SECTION CPalSynchronizationManager::s_csSynchProcessLock;
+    CRITICAL_SECTION CPalSynchronizationManager::s_csMonitoredProcessesLock;
+
+    CPalSynchronizationManager::CPalSynchronizationManager()
+        : m_dwWorkerThreadTid(0),
+          m_pipoThread(NULL),
+          m_pthrWorker(NULL),
+          m_iProcessPipeRead(-1),
+          m_iProcessPipeWrite(-1),
+          m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses(NULL),
+          m_lMonitoredProcessesCount(0),
+          m_pmplnExitedNodes(NULL),
+          m_cacheWaitCtrlrs(CtrlrsCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheStateCtrlrs(CtrlrsCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheSynchData(SynchDataCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheSHRSynchData(SynchDataCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheWTListNodes(WTListNodeCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheSHRWTListNodes(WTListNodeCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes(ApcInfoNodeCacheMaxSize),
+          m_cacheOwnedObjectsListNodes(OwnedObjectsListCacheMaxSize)
+    {
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+        m_iKQueue = -1;
+        // Initialize data to 0 and flags to EV_EOF
+        EV_SET(&m_keProcessPipeEvent, 0, 0, EV_EOF, 0, 0, 0);
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+    }
+
+    CPalSynchronizationManager::~CPalSynchronizationManager()
+    {
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::BlockThread
+
+    Called by a thread to go to sleep for a wait or a sleep
+
+    NOTE: This method must must be called without holding any
+          synchronization lock (as well as other locks)
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::BlockThread(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        DWORD dwTimeout,
+        bool fAlertable,
+        bool fIsSleep,
+        ThreadWakeupReason *ptwrWakeupReason,
+        DWORD * pdwSignaledObject)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeupReason = WaitFailed;
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+        DWORD dwWaitState = 0;
+        DWORD dwSigObjIdx = 0;
+        bool fRaceAlerted = false;
+        bool fEarlyDeath = false;
+
+        pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD,
+                pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pdwWaitState,
+                    "Got NULL pdwWaitState from m_shridWaitAwakened=%p\n",
+                    (VOID *)pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened);
+
+        if (fIsSleep)
+        {
+            // If fIsSleep is true we are being called by Sleep/SleepEx
+            // and we need to switch the wait state to TWS_WAITING or
+            // TWS_ALERTABLE (according to fAlertable)
+
+            if (fAlertable)
+            {
+                // If we are in alertable mode we need to grab the lock to
+                // make sure that no APC is queued right before the
+                // InterlockedCompareExchange.
+                // If there are APCs queued at this time, no native wakeup
+                // will be posted, so we need to skip the native wait
+
+                // Lock
+                AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+
+                if (AreAPCsPending(pthrCurrent))
+                {
+                    // APCs have been queued when the thread wait status was
+                    // still TWS_ACTIVE, therefore the queueing thread will not
+                    // post any native wakeup: we need to skip the actual
+                    // native wait
+                    fRaceAlerted = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!fRaceAlerted)
+            {
+                // Setting the thread in wait state
+                dwWaitState = (DWORD)(fAlertable ? TWS_ALERTABLE : TWS_WAITING);
+
+                TRACE("Switching my wait state [%p] from TWS_ACTIVE to %u [current *pdwWaitState=%u]\n",
+                      pdwWaitState, dwWaitState, *pdwWaitState);
+
+                dwWaitState = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *)pdwWaitState,
+                                                         dwWaitState,
+                                                         TWS_ACTIVE);
+
+                if ((DWORD)TWS_ACTIVE != dwWaitState)
+                {
+                    if (fAlertable)
+                    {
+                        // Unlock
+                        ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                        ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                    }
+
+                    if ((DWORD)TWS_EARLYDEATH == dwWaitState)
+                    {
+                        // Process is terminating, this thread will soon be suspended (by SuspendOtherThreads).
+                        WARN("Thread is about to get suspended by TerminateProcess\n");
+
+                        fEarlyDeath = true;
+                        palErr = WAIT_FAILED;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ASSERT("Unexpected thread wait state %u\n", dwWaitState);
+                        palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                    }
+
+                    goto BT_exit;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (fAlertable)
+            {
+                // Unlock
+                ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fRaceAlerted)
+        {
+            twrWakeupReason = Alerted;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE("Current thread is about to block for waiting\n");
+
+            palErr = ThreadNativeWait(
+                &pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_tnwdNativeData,
+                dwTimeout,
+                &twrWakeupReason,
+                &dwSigObjIdx);
+
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("ThreadNativeWait() failed [palErr=%d]\n", palErr);
+                twrWakeupReason = WaitFailed;
+                goto BT_exit;
+            }
+
+            TRACE("ThreadNativeWait returned {WakeupReason=%u "
+                  "dwSigObjIdx=%u}\n", twrWakeupReason, dwSigObjIdx);
+        }
+
+        if (WaitTimeout == twrWakeupReason)
+        {
+            // timeout reached. set wait state back to 'active'
+            dwWaitState = (DWORD)(fAlertable ? TWS_ALERTABLE : TWS_WAITING);
+
+            TRACE("Current thread awakened for timeout: switching wait "
+                  "state [%p] from %u to TWS_ACTIVE [current *pdwWaitState=%u]\n",
+                   pdwWaitState, dwWaitState, *pdwWaitState);
+
+            DWORD dwOldWaitState = InterlockedCompareExchange(
+                                        (LONG *)pdwWaitState,
+                                        TWS_ACTIVE, (LONG)dwWaitState);
+
+            switch (dwOldWaitState)
+            {
+                case TWS_ACTIVE:
+                    // We were already ACTIVE; someone decided to wake up this
+                    // thread sometime between the moment the native wait
+                    // timed out and here. Since the signaling side succeeded
+                    // its InterlockedCompareExchange, it will signal the
+                    // condition/predicate pair (we just raced overtaking it);
+                    // therefore we need to clear the condition/predicate
+                    // by waiting on it one more time.
+                    // That will also cause this method to report a signal
+                    // rather than a timeout.
+                    // In the remote signaling scenario, this second wait
+                    // also makes sure that the shared id passed over the
+                    // process pipe is valid for the entire duration of time
+                    // in which the worker thread deals with it
+                    TRACE("Current thread already ACTIVE: a signaling raced "
+                          "with the timeout: re-waiting natively to clear the "
+                          "predicate\n");
+
+                    palErr = ThreadNativeWait(
+                        &pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_tnwdNativeData,
+                        SecondNativeWaitTimeout,
+                        &twrWakeupReason,
+                        &dwSigObjIdx);
+
+                    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("ThreadNativeWait() failed [palErr=%d]\n",
+                              palErr);
+                        twrWakeupReason = WaitFailed;
+                    }
+
+                    if (WaitTimeout == twrWakeupReason)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Second native wait timed out\n");
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case TWS_EARLYDEATH:
+                    // Thread is about to be suspended by TerminateProcess.
+                    // Anyway, if the wait timed out, we still want to
+                    // (try to) unregister the wait (especially if it
+                    // involves shared objects)
+                    WARN("Thread is about to be suspended by TerminateProcess\n");
+                    fEarlyDeath = true;
+                    palErr = WAIT_FAILED;
+                    break;
+                case TWS_WAITING:
+                case TWS_ALERTABLE:
+                default:
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(dwOldWaitState == dwWaitState,
+                                "Unexpected wait status: actual=%u, expected=%u\n",
+                               dwOldWaitState, dwWaitState);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (twrWakeupReason)
+        {
+            case WaitTimeout:
+            {
+                // Awakened for timeout: we need to unregister the wait
+                ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+                TRACE("Current thread awakened for timeout: unregistering the wait\n");
+
+                // Local lock
+                AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+
+                ptwiWaitInfo = GetThreadWaitInfo(pthrCurrent);
+
+                // Unregister the wait
+                // Note: UnRegisterWait will take care of grabbing the shared synch lock, if needed.
+                UnRegisterWait(pthrCurrent, ptwiWaitInfo, false);
+
+                // Unlock
+                ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case WaitSucceeded:
+            case MutexAbondoned:
+                *pdwSignaledObject = dwSigObjIdx;
+                break;
+            default:
+                // 'Alerted' and 'WaitFailed' go through this case
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // Set the returned wakeup reason
+        *ptwrWakeupReason = twrWakeupReason;
+
+        TRACE("Current thread is now active [WakeupReason=%u SigObjIdx=%u]\n",
+              twrWakeupReason, dwSigObjIdx);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(TWS_ACTIVE == VolatileLoad(pdwWaitState) ||
+                    TWS_EARLYDEATH == VolatileLoad(pdwWaitState),
+                    "Unexpected thread wait state %u\n", VolatileLoad(pdwWaitState));
+
+    BT_exit:
+        if (fEarlyDeath)
+        {
+            ThreadPrepareForShutdown();
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::ThreadNativeWait(
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdNativeWaitData,
+        DWORD dwTimeout,
+        ThreadWakeupReason * ptwrWakeupReason,
+        DWORD * pdwSignaledObject)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        int iRet, iWaitRet = 0;
+        struct timespec tsAbsTmo;
+
+        TRACE("ThreadNativeWait(ptnwdNativeWaitData=%p, dwTimeout=%u, ...)\n",
+              ptnwdNativeWaitData, dwTimeout);
+
+        if (dwTimeout != INFINITE)
+        {
+            // Calculate absolute timeout
+            palErr = GetAbsoluteTimeout(dwTimeout, &tsAbsTmo);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("Failed to convert timeout to absolute timeout\n");
+                goto TNW_exit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Lock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Internal Error: cannot lock mutex\n");
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            *ptwrWakeupReason = WaitFailed;
+            goto TNW_exit;
+        }
+
+        while (FALSE == ptnwdNativeWaitData->iPred)
+        {
+            if (INFINITE == dwTimeout)
+            {
+                iWaitRet = pthread_cond_wait(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->cond,
+                                             &ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                iWaitRet = pthread_cond_timedwait(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->cond,
+                                                  &ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex,
+                                                  &tsAbsTmo);
+            }
+
+            if (ETIMEDOUT == iWaitRet)
+            {
+                _ASSERT_MSG(INFINITE != dwTimeout,
+                            "Got ETIMEDOUT despite timeout being INFINITE\n");
+                break;
+            }
+            else if (0 != iWaitRet)
+            {
+                ERROR("pthread_cond_%swait returned %d [errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                       (INFINITE == dwTimeout) ? "" : "timed",
+                       iWaitRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Reset the predicate
+        if (0 == iWaitRet)
+        {
+            // We don't want to reset the predicate if pthread_cond_timedwait
+            // timed out racing with a pthread_cond_signal. When
+            // pthread_cond_timedwait times out, it needs to grab the mutex
+            // before returning. At timeout time, it may happen that the
+            // signaling thread just grabbed the mutex, but it hasn't called
+            // pthread_cond_signal yet. In this scenario pthread_cond_timedwait
+            // will have to wait for the signaling side to release the mutex.
+            // As a result it will return with error timeout, but the predicate
+            // will be set. Since pthread_cond_timedwait timed out, the
+            // predicate value is intended for the next signal. In case of a
+            // object signaling racing with a wait timeout this predicate value
+            // will be picked up by the 'second native wait' (see comments in
+            // BlockThread).
+
+            ptnwdNativeWaitData->iPred = FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // Unlock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Cannot unlock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto TNW_exit;
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(ETIMEDOUT != iRet || INFINITE != dwTimeout, "Got timeout return code with INFINITE timeout\n");
+
+        if (0 == iWaitRet)
+        {
+            *ptwrWakeupReason  = ptnwdNativeWaitData->twrWakeupReason;
+            *pdwSignaledObject = ptnwdNativeWaitData->dwObjectIndex;
+        }
+        else if (ETIMEDOUT == iWaitRet)
+        {
+            *ptwrWakeupReason = WaitTimeout;
+        }
+
+    TNW_exit:
+        TRACE("ThreadNativeWait: returning %u [WakeupReason=%u]\n", palErr, *ptwrWakeupReason);
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread
+
+    This method is called by a thread at thread-exit time to abandon
+    any currently owned waitable object (mutexes). If pthrTarget is
+    different from pthrCurrent, AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread assumes
+    to be called whether by TerminateThread or at shutdown time. See
+    comments below for more details
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        OwnedObjectsListNode * poolnItem;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        CThreadSynchronizationInfo * pSynchInfo = &pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = GetInstance();
+
+        // Local lock
+        AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+
+        // Abandon owned objects
+        while (NULL != (poolnItem = pSynchInfo->RemoveFirstObjectFromOwnedList()))
+        {
+            CSynchData * psdSynchData = poolnItem->pPalObjSynchData;
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != psdSynchData,
+                        "NULL psdSynchData pointer in ownership list node\n");
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+            TRACE("Abandoning object with SynchData at %p\n", psdSynchData);
+
+            if (!fSharedSynchLock &&
+                (SharedObject == psdSynchData->GetObjectDomain()))
+            {
+                AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                fSharedSynchLock = true;
+            }
+
+            // Reset ownership data
+            psdSynchData->ResetOwnership();
+
+            // Set abandoned status; in case there is a thread to be released:
+            //  - if the thread is local, ReleaseFirstWaiter will reset the
+            //    abandoned status
+            //  - if the thread is remote, the remote worker thread will use
+            //    the value and reset it
+            psdSynchData->SetAbandoned(true);
+
+            // Signal the object and trigger thread awakening
+            psdSynchData->Signal(pthrCurrent, 1, false);
+
+            // Release reference to to SynchData
+            psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+
+            // Return node to the cache
+            pSynchManager->m_cacheOwnedObjectsListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, poolnItem);
+        }
+
+        // Abandon owned named mutexes
+        while (true)
+        {
+            NamedMutexProcessData *processData = pSynchInfo->RemoveFirstOwnedNamedMutex();
+            if (processData == nullptr)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            processData->Abandon();
+        }
+
+        if (pthrTarget != pthrCurrent)
+        {
+            // If the target thead is not the current one, we are being called
+            // at shutdown time, right before the target thread is suspended,
+            // or anyway the target thread is being terminated.
+            // In this case we switch its wait state to TWS_EARLYDEATH so that,
+            // if the thread is currently waiting/sleeping and it wakes up
+            // before shutdown code manage to suspend it, it will be rerouted
+            // to ThreadPrepareForShutdown (that will be done without holding
+            // any internal lock, in a way to accomodate shutdown time thread
+            // suspension).
+            // At this time we also unregister the wait, so no dummy nodes are
+            // left around on waiting objects.
+            // The TWS_EARLYDEATH wait-state will also prevent the thread from
+            // successfully registering for a possible new wait in the same
+            // time window.
+            LONG lTWState;
+            DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+
+            pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD, pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened);
+            lTWState = InterlockedExchange((LONG *)pdwWaitState, TWS_EARLYDEATH);
+
+            if (( ((LONG)TWS_WAITING == lTWState) || ((LONG)TWS_ALERTABLE == lTWState) ) &&
+                (0 < pSynchInfo->m_twiWaitInfo.lObjCount))
+            {
+                // Unregister the wait
+                // Note: UnRegisterWait will take care of grabbing the shared synch lock, if needed.
+                UnRegisterWait(pthrCurrent, &pSynchInfo->m_twiWaitInfo, fSharedSynchLock);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Unlock
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        }
+
+        ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        DiscardAllPendingAPCs(pthrCurrent, pthrTarget);
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects
+
+    Returns an array of wait controllers, one for each of the objects
+    in rgObjects
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+        DWORD dwObjectCount,
+        ISynchWaitController * rgControllers[])
+    {
+        return GetSynchControllersForObjects(pthrCurrent,
+                                             rgObjects,
+                                             dwObjectCount,
+                                             (void **)rgControllers,
+                                             CSynchControllerBase::WaitController);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchStateControllersForObjects
+
+    Returns an array of state controllers, one for each of the objects
+    in rgObjects
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchStateControllersForObjects(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+        DWORD dwObjectCount,
+        ISynchStateController *rgControllers[])
+    {
+        return GetSynchControllersForObjects(pthrCurrent,
+                                             rgObjects,
+                                             dwObjectCount,
+                                             (void **)rgControllers,
+                                             CSynchControllerBase::StateController);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchControllersForObjects
+
+    Internal common implementation for GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects and
+    GetSynchStateControllersForObjects
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::GetSynchControllersForObjects(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+        DWORD dwObjectCount,
+        void ** ppvControllers,
+        CSynchControllerBase::ControllerType ctCtrlrType)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        unsigned int uIdx, uCount = 0, uSharedObjectCount = 0;
+        WaitDomain wdWaitDomain = LocalWait;
+        CObjectType * potObjectType = NULL;
+        unsigned int uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr = 0;
+        unsigned int uErrCleanupIdxLastCtrlr = 0;
+        bool fLocalSynchLock = false;
+
+        union
+        {
+            CSynchWaitController * pWaitCtrlrs[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS];
+            CSynchStateController * pStateCtrlrs[MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS];
+        } Ctrlrs;
+
+        if ((dwObjectCount <= 0) || (dwObjectCount > MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS))
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto GSCFO_exit;
+        }
+
+        if (CSynchControllerBase::WaitController == ctCtrlrType)
+        {
+            uCount = (unsigned int)m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent,
+                                                         dwObjectCount,
+                                                         Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            uCount = (unsigned int)m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent,
+                                                          dwObjectCount,
+                                                          Ctrlrs.pStateCtrlrs);
+        }
+
+        if (uCount < dwObjectCount)
+        {
+            // We got less controllers (uCount) than we asked for (dwObjectCount),
+            // probably because of low memory.
+            // None of these controllers is initialized, so they must be all
+            // returned directly to the cache
+            uErrCleanupIdxLastCtrlr = uCount;
+
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto GSCFO_error_cleanup;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // We need to acquire the local synch lock before evaluating object domains
+        //
+        AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        fLocalSynchLock = true;
+
+        for (uIdx=0; uIdx<dwObjectCount; uIdx++)
+        {
+            if (SharedObject == rgObjects[uIdx]->GetObjectDomain())
+            {
+                ++uSharedObjectCount;
+            }
+
+            if (uSharedObjectCount > 0 && uSharedObjectCount <= uIdx)
+            {
+                wdWaitDomain = MixedWait;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (dwObjectCount == uSharedObjectCount)
+        {
+            wdWaitDomain = SharedWait;
+        }
+
+        for (uIdx=0;uIdx<dwObjectCount;uIdx++)
+        {
+            void * pvSData;
+            CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain = rgObjects[uIdx]->GetObjectDomain();
+
+            palErr = rgObjects[uIdx]->GetObjectSynchData((void **)&pvSData);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            psdSynchData = (SharedObject == odObjectDomain) ? SharedIDToTypePointer(
+                CSynchData, reinterpret_cast<SharedID>(pvSData)) :
+                static_cast<CSynchData *>(pvSData);
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+            potObjectType = rgObjects[uIdx]->GetObjectType();
+
+            if (CSynchControllerBase::WaitController == ctCtrlrType)
+            {
+                Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs[uIdx]->Init(pthrCurrent,
+                                            ctCtrlrType,
+                                            odObjectDomain,
+                                            potObjectType,
+                                            psdSynchData,
+                                            wdWaitDomain);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                Ctrlrs.pStateCtrlrs[uIdx]->Init(pthrCurrent,
+                                             ctCtrlrType,
+                                             odObjectDomain,
+                                             potObjectType,
+                                             psdSynchData,
+                                             wdWaitDomain);
+            }
+
+            if (CSynchControllerBase::WaitController == ctCtrlrType &&
+                otiProcess == potObjectType->GetId())
+            {
+                CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocData;
+                IDataLock * pDataLock;
+
+                palErr = rgObjects[uIdx]->GetProcessLocalData(
+                    pthrCurrent,
+                    ReadLock,
+                    &pDataLock,
+                    (void **)&pProcLocData);
+
+                if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                {
+                    // In case of failure here, bail out of the loop, but
+                    // keep track (by incrementing the counter 'uIdx') of the
+                    // fact that this controller has already being initialized
+                    // and therefore need to be Release'd rather than just
+                    // returned to the cache
+                    uIdx++;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs[uIdx]->SetProcessData(rgObjects[uIdx], pProcLocData);
+                pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pthrCurrent, false);
+            }
+        }
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            // An error occurred while initializing the (uIdx+1)-th controller,
+            // i.e. the one at index uIdx; therefore the first uIdx controllers
+            // must be Release'd, while the remaining uCount-uIdx must be returned
+            // directly to the cache.
+            uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr = uIdx;
+            uErrCleanupIdxLastCtrlr = dwObjectCount;
+
+            goto GSCFO_error_cleanup;
+        }
+
+        // Succeeded
+        if (CSynchControllerBase::WaitController == ctCtrlrType)
+        {
+            for (uIdx=0;uIdx<dwObjectCount;uIdx++)
+            {
+                // The multiple cast is NEEDED, though currently it does not
+                // change the value ot the pointer. Anyway, if in the future
+                // a virtual method should be added to the base class
+                // CSynchControllerBase, both derived classes would have two
+                // virtual tables, therefore a static cast from, for instance,
+                // a CSynchWaitController* to a ISynchWaitController* would
+                // return the given pointer incremented by the size of a
+                // generic pointer on the specific platform
+                ppvControllers[uIdx] = reinterpret_cast<void *>(
+                    static_cast<ISynchWaitController *>(Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs[uIdx]));
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            for (uIdx=0;uIdx<dwObjectCount;uIdx++)
+            {
+                // See comment above
+                ppvControllers[uIdx] = reinterpret_cast<void *>(
+                    static_cast<ISynchStateController *>(Ctrlrs.pStateCtrlrs[uIdx]));
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Succeeded: skip error cleanup
+        goto GSCFO_exit;
+
+    GSCFO_error_cleanup:
+        if (CSynchControllerBase::WaitController == ctCtrlrType)
+        {
+            // Release already initialized wait controllers
+            for (uIdx=0; uIdx<uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr; uIdx++)
+            {
+                Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs[uIdx]->Release();
+            }
+
+            // Return to the cache not yet initialized wait controllers
+            for (uIdx=uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr; uIdx<uErrCleanupIdxLastCtrlr; uIdx++)
+            {
+                m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Add(pthrCurrent, Ctrlrs.pWaitCtrlrs[uIdx]);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Release already initialized state controllers
+            for (uIdx=0; uIdx<uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr; uIdx++)
+            {
+                Ctrlrs.pStateCtrlrs[uIdx]->Release();
+            }
+
+            // Return to the cache not yet initialized state controllers
+            for (uIdx=uErrCleanupIdxFirstNotInitializedCtrlr; uIdx<uErrCleanupIdxLastCtrlr; uIdx++)
+            {
+                m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Add(pthrCurrent, Ctrlrs.pStateCtrlrs[uIdx]);
+            }
+        }
+
+    GSCFO_exit:
+        if (fLocalSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::AllocateObjectSynchData
+
+    Returns a new SynchData for an object of given type and domain
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::AllocateObjectSynchData(
+        CObjectType *potObjectType,
+        ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+        VOID **ppvSynchData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData = NULL;
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        if (SharedObject == odObjectDomain)
+        {
+            SharedID shridSynchData = m_cacheSHRSynchData.Get(pthrCurrent);
+            if (NULLSharedID == shridSynchData)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to allocate shared memory\n");
+                return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+
+            psdSynchData = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, shridSynchData);
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != psdSynchData, "Bad shared memory pointer\n");
+
+            // Initialize waiting list pointers
+            psdSynchData->SetWTLHeadShrPtr(NULLSharedID);
+            psdSynchData->SetWTLTailShrPtr(NULLSharedID);
+
+            // Store shared pointer to this object
+            psdSynchData->SetSharedThis(shridSynchData);
+
+            *ppvSynchData = reinterpret_cast<void *>(shridSynchData);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            psdSynchData = m_cacheSynchData.Get(pthrCurrent);
+            if (NULL == psdSynchData)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to allocate memory\n");
+                return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+
+            // Initialize waiting list pointers
+            psdSynchData->SetWTLHeadPtr(NULL);
+            psdSynchData->SetWTLTailPtr(NULL);
+
+            // Set shared this pointer to NULL
+            psdSynchData->SetSharedThis(NULLSharedID);
+
+            *ppvSynchData = static_cast<void *>(psdSynchData);
+        }
+
+        // Initialize object domain and object type;
+        psdSynchData->SetObjectDomain(odObjectDomain);
+        psdSynchData->SetObjectType(potObjectType);
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::FreeObjectSynchData
+
+    Called to return a no longer used SynchData to the Synchronization Manager.
+    The SynchData may actually survive this call, since it is a ref-counted
+    object and at FreeObjectSynchData time it may still be used from within
+    the Synchronization Manager itself (e.g. the worker thread).
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::FreeObjectSynchData(
+        CObjectType *potObjectType,
+        ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+        VOID *pvSynchData)
+    {
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        if (odObjectDomain == SharedObject)
+        {
+            psdSynchData = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData,
+                reinterpret_cast<SharedID>(pvSynchData));
+
+            if (NULL == psdSynchData)
+            {
+                ASSERT("Bad shared memory pointer\n");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            psdSynchData = static_cast<CSynchData *>(pvSynchData);
+        }
+
+        psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateSynchStateController
+
+    Creates a state controller for the given object
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateSynchStateController(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        CObjectType *potObjectType,
+        VOID *pvSynchData,
+        ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+        ISynchStateController **ppStateController)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CSynchStateController * pCtrlr =  NULL;
+        WaitDomain wdWaitDomain = (SharedObject == odObjectDomain) ? SharedWait : LocalWait;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+
+        psdSynchData = (SharedObject == odObjectDomain) ? SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, reinterpret_cast<SharedID>(pvSynchData))
+                                                        : static_cast<CSynchData *>(pvSynchData);
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+        pCtrlr = m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent);
+        if (NULL == pCtrlr)
+        {
+            return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        }
+
+        pCtrlr->Init(pthrCurrent,
+                     CSynchControllerBase::StateController,
+                     odObjectDomain,
+                     potObjectType,
+                     psdSynchData,
+                     wdWaitDomain);
+
+        // Succeeded
+        *ppStateController = (ISynchStateController *)pCtrlr;
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Add(pthrCurrent, pCtrlr);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateSynchWaitController
+
+    Creates a wait controller for the given object
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateSynchWaitController(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        CObjectType *potObjectType,
+        VOID *pvSynchData,
+        ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+        ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController)
+    {
+        CSynchWaitController * pCtrlr =  NULL;
+        WaitDomain wdWaitDomain = (SharedObject == odObjectDomain) ? SharedWait : LocalWait;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+
+        psdSynchData = (SharedObject == odObjectDomain) ? SharedIDToTypePointer(
+            CSynchData, reinterpret_cast<SharedID>(pvSynchData)) :
+            static_cast<CSynchData *>(pvSynchData);
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+        pCtrlr = m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent);
+        if (NULL == pCtrlr)
+        {
+            return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        }
+
+        pCtrlr->Init(pthrCurrent,
+                     CSynchControllerBase::WaitController,
+                     odObjectDomain,
+                     potObjectType,
+                     psdSynchData,
+                     wdWaitDomain);
+
+        // Succeeded
+        *ppWaitController = (ISynchWaitController *)pCtrlr;
+
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::QueueUserAPC
+
+    Internal implementation of QueueUserAPC
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::QueueUserAPC(CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget,
+        PAPCFUNC pfnAPC,
+        ULONG_PTR uptrData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        ThreadApcInfoNode * ptainNode = NULL;
+        DWORD dwWaitState;
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState;
+        ThreadWaitInfo * pTargetTWInfo = GetThreadWaitInfo(pthrTarget);
+        bool fLocalSynchLock = false;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        bool fThreadLock = false;
+
+        ptainNode = m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Get(pthrCurrent);
+        if (NULL == ptainNode)
+        {
+            ERROR("No memory for new APCs linked list entry\n");
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto QUAPC_exit;
+        }
+
+        ptainNode->pfnAPC = pfnAPC;
+        ptainNode->pAPCData = uptrData;
+        ptainNode->pNext = NULL;
+
+        AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        fLocalSynchLock = true;
+
+        if (LocalWait != pTargetTWInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+        {
+            AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            fSharedSynchLock = true;
+        }
+
+        pthrTarget->Lock(pthrCurrent);
+        fThreadLock = true;
+
+        if (TS_DONE == pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.GetThreadState())
+        {
+            ERROR("Thread %#x has terminated; can't queue an APC on it\n",
+                  pthrTarget->GetThreadId());
+            palErr = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto QUAPC_exit;
+        }
+        pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD,
+            pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.m_shridWaitAwakened);
+        if (TWS_EARLYDEATH == VolatileLoad(pdwWaitState))
+        {
+            ERROR("Thread %#x is about to be suspended for process shutdwon, "
+                  "can't queue an APC on it\n", pthrTarget->GetThreadId());
+            palErr = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto QUAPC_exit;
+        }
+
+        if (NULL == pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainTail)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NULL == pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainHead, "Corrupted APC list\n");
+
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainHead = ptainNode;
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainTail = ptainNode;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainTail->pNext = ptainNode;
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainTail = ptainNode;
+        }
+
+        // Set ptainNode to NULL so it won't be readded to the cache
+        ptainNode = NULL;
+
+        TRACE("APC %p with parameter %p added to APC queue\n", pfnAPC, uptrData);
+
+        dwWaitState = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *)pdwWaitState,
+                                                 (LONG)TWS_ACTIVE,
+                                                 (LONG)TWS_ALERTABLE);
+
+        // Release thread lock
+        pthrTarget->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+        fThreadLock = false;
+
+        if (TWS_ALERTABLE == dwWaitState)
+        {
+            // Unregister the wait
+            UnRegisterWait(pthrCurrent, pTargetTWInfo, fSharedSynchLock);
+
+            // Wake up target thread
+            palErr = WakeUpLocalThread(
+                pthrCurrent,
+                pthrTarget,
+                Alerted,
+                0);
+
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("Failed to wakeup local thread %#x for dispatching APCs [err=%u]\n",
+                    pthrTarget->GetThreadId(), palErr);
+            }
+        }
+
+    QUAPC_exit:
+        if (fThreadLock)
+        {
+            pthrTarget->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        if (fLocalSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        if (ptainNode)
+        {
+            m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, ptainNode);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+        CPalSynchronizationManager::SendTerminationRequestToWorkerThread
+
+    Send a request to the worker thread to initiate process termination.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::SendTerminationRequestToWorkerThread()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = GetInstance()->WakeUpLocalWorkerThread(SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest);
+        if (palErr != NO_ERROR)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to wake up worker thread [errno=%d {%s%}]\n",
+                  errno, strerror(errno));
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::AreAPCsPending
+
+    Returns 'true' if there are APCs currently pending for the target
+    thread (normally the current one)
+    --*/
+    bool CPalSynchronizationManager::AreAPCsPending(
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        // No need to lock here
+        return (NULL != pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainHead);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DispatchPendingAPCs
+
+    Executes any pending APC for the current thread
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::DispatchPendingAPCs(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        ThreadApcInfoNode * ptainNode, * ptainLocalHead;
+        int iAPCsCalled = 0;
+
+        while (TRUE)
+        {
+            // Lock
+            pthrCurrent->Lock(pthrCurrent);
+            ptainLocalHead = pthrCurrent->apcInfo.m_ptainHead;
+            if (ptainLocalHead)
+            {
+                pthrCurrent->apcInfo.m_ptainHead = NULL;
+                pthrCurrent->apcInfo.m_ptainTail = NULL;
+            }
+
+            // Unlock
+            pthrCurrent->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+
+            if (NULL == ptainLocalHead)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            while (ptainLocalHead)
+            {
+                ptainNode = ptainLocalHead;
+                ptainLocalHead = ptainNode->pNext;
+
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+                // reset ENTRY nesting level back to zero while
+                // inside the callback ...
+                int iOldLevel = DBG_change_entrylevel(0);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+                TRACE("Calling APC %p with parameter %#x\n",
+                      ptainNode->pfnAPC, ptainNode->pfnAPC);
+
+                // Actual APC call
+                ptainNode->pfnAPC(ptainNode->pAPCData);
+
+#if _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_
+                // ... and set nesting level back to what it was
+                DBG_change_entrylevel(iOldLevel);
+#endif /* _ENABLE_DEBUG_MESSAGES_ */
+
+                iAPCsCalled++;
+                m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, ptainNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return (iAPCsCalled > 0) ? NO_ERROR : ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DiscardAllPendingAPCs
+
+    Discards any pending APC for the target pthrTarget thread
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::DiscardAllPendingAPCs(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        ThreadApcInfoNode * ptainNode, * ptainLocalHead;
+
+        // Lock
+        pthrTarget->Lock(pthrCurrent);
+        ptainLocalHead = pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainHead;
+        if (ptainLocalHead)
+        {
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainHead = NULL;
+            pthrTarget->apcInfo.m_ptainTail = NULL;
+        }
+
+        // Unlock
+        pthrTarget->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+
+        while (ptainLocalHead)
+        {
+            ptainNode = ptainLocalHead;
+            ptainLocalHead = ptainNode->pNext;
+
+            m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, ptainNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::CreatePalSynchronizationManager
+
+    Creates the Synchronization Manager.
+    Private method, it is called only by CPalSynchMgrController.
+    --*/
+    IPalSynchronizationManager * CPalSynchronizationManager::CreatePalSynchronizationManager()
+    {
+        if (s_pObjSynchMgr != NULL)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Multiple PAL Synchronization manager initializations\n");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        Initialize();
+        return static_cast<IPalSynchronizationManager *>(s_pObjSynchMgr);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::Initialize
+
+    Internal Synchronization Manager initialization
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::Initialize()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        LONG lInit;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = NULL;
+
+        lInit = InterlockedCompareExchange(&s_lInitStatus,
+                                           (LONG)SynchMgrStatusInitializing,
+                                           (LONG)SynchMgrStatusIdle);
+
+        if ((LONG)SynchMgrStatusIdle != lInit)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Synchronization Manager already being initialized");
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto I_exit;
+        }
+
+        InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&s_csSynchProcessLock);
+        InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+
+        pSynchManager = InternalNew<CPalSynchronizationManager>();
+        if (NULL == pSynchManager)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to allocate memory for Synchronization Manager");
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto I_exit;
+        }
+
+        if (!pSynchManager->CreateProcessPipe())
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create process pipe \n");
+            palErr = ERROR_OPEN_FAILED;
+            goto I_exit;
+        }
+
+        s_pObjSynchMgr = pSynchManager;
+
+        // Initialization was successful
+        g_pSynchronizationManager =
+            static_cast<IPalSynchronizationManager *>(pSynchManager);
+        s_lInitStatus = (LONG)SynchMgrStatusRunning;
+
+    I_exit:
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            s_lInitStatus = (LONG)SynchMgrStatusError;
+            if (NULL != pSynchManager)
+            {
+                pSynchManager->ShutdownProcessPipe();
+            }
+
+            s_pObjSynchMgr = NULL;
+            g_pSynchronizationManager = NULL;
+            InternalDelete(pSynchManager);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::StartWorker
+
+    Starts the Synchronization Manager's Worker Thread.
+    Private method, it is called only by CPalSynchMgrController.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::StartWorker(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = GetInstance();
+
+        if ((NULL == pSynchManager) || ((LONG)SynchMgrStatusRunning != s_lInitStatus))
+        {
+            ERROR("Trying to to create worker thread in invalid state\n");
+            return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        HANDLE hWorkerThread = NULL;
+        palErr = InternalCreateThread(pthrCurrent,
+                                      NULL,
+                                      0,
+                                      &WorkerThread,
+                                      (PVOID)pSynchManager,
+                                      0,
+                                      PalWorkerThread,
+                                      &pSynchManager->m_dwWorkerThreadTid,
+                                      &hWorkerThread);
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            palErr = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(pthrCurrent,
+                                                     hWorkerThread,
+                                                     0,
+                                                     &pSynchManager->m_pthrWorker,
+                                                     &pSynchManager->m_pipoThread);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to get worker thread data\n");
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create worker thread\n");
+        }
+
+        if (NULL != hWorkerThread)
+        {
+            CloseHandle(hWorkerThread);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::PrepareForShutdown
+
+    This method performs the part of Synchronization Manager's shutdown that
+    needs to be carried out when core PAL subsystems are still active.
+    Private method, it is called only by CPalSynchMgrController.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::PrepareForShutdown()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = GetInstance();
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+        int iRet;
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData;
+        struct timespec tsAbsTmo = { 0, 0 };
+
+        LONG lInit = InterlockedCompareExchange(&s_lInitStatus,
+            (LONG)SynchMgrStatusShuttingDown, (LONG)SynchMgrStatusRunning);
+
+        if ((LONG)SynchMgrStatusRunning != lInit)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unexpected initialization status found "
+                   "in PrepareForShutdown [expected=%d current=%d]\n",
+                   SynchMgrStatusRunning, lInit);
+            // We intentionally not set s_lInitStatus to SynchMgrStatusError
+            // cause this could interfere with a previous thread already
+            // executing shutdown
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Discard process monitoring for process waits
+        pSynchManager->DiscardMonitoredProcesses(pthrCurrent);
+
+        if (NULL == pSynchManager->m_pipoThread)
+        {
+            // If m_pipoThread is NULL here, that means that StartWorker has
+            // never been called. That may happen if PAL_Initialize fails
+            // sometime after having called CreatePalSynchronizationManager,
+            // but before calling StartWorker. Nothing else to do here.
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+        palErr = pSynchManager->WakeUpLocalWorkerThread(SynchWorkerCmdShutdown);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed stopping worker thread [palErr=%u]\n", palErr);
+            s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusError;
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+        ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData =
+            &pSynchManager->m_pthrWorker->synchronizationInfo.m_tnwdNativeData;
+
+        palErr = GetAbsoluteTimeout(WorkerThreadTerminationTimeout, &tsAbsTmo);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to convert timeout to absolute timeout\n");
+            s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusError;
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+        // Using the worker thread's predicate/condition/mutex
+        // to wait for worker thread to be done
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            // pthread calls might fail if the shutdown is called
+            // from a signal handler. In this case just don't wait
+            // for the worker thread
+            ERROR("Cannot lock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusError;
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+        while (FALSE == ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->iPred)
+        {
+            iRet = pthread_cond_timedwait(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->cond,
+                                          &ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->mutex,
+                                          &tsAbsTmo);
+            if (0 != iRet)
+            {
+                if (ETIMEDOUT == iRet)
+                {
+                    WARN("Timed out waiting for worker thread to exit "
+                         "(tmo=%u ms)\n", WorkerThreadTerminationTimeout);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ERROR("pthread_cond_timedwait returned %d [errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                          iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (0 == iRet)
+        {
+            ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->iPred = FALSE;
+        }
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Cannot unlock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusError;
+            goto PFS_exit;
+        }
+
+    PFS_exit:
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            if (NULL != pSynchManager->m_pipoThread)
+            {
+                pSynchManager->m_pipoThread->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+
+                // After this release both m_pipoThread and m_pthrWorker
+                // are no longer valid
+                pSynchManager->m_pipoThread = NULL;
+                pSynchManager->m_pthrWorker = NULL;
+            }
+
+            // Ready for process shutdown
+            s_lInitStatus = SynchMgrStatusReadyForProcessShutDown;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    // Entry point routine for the thread that initiates process termination.
+    DWORD TerminationRequestHandlingRoutine(LPVOID pArg)
+    {
+        // Call the termination request handler if one is registered.
+        if (g_terminationRequestHandler != NULL)
+        {
+            g_terminationRequestHandler();
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::WorkerThread
+
+    Synchronization Manager's Worker Thread
+    --*/
+    DWORD PALAPI CPalSynchronizationManager::WorkerThread(LPVOID pArg)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr;
+        bool fShuttingDown = false;
+        bool fWorkerIsDone = false;
+        int iPollTimeout = INFTIM;
+        SynchWorkerCmd swcCmd;
+        ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeUpReason;
+        SharedID shridMarshaledData;
+        DWORD dwData;
+        CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager =
+            reinterpret_cast<CPalSynchronizationManager*>(pArg);
+        CPalThread * pthrWorker = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        while (!fWorkerIsDone)
+        {
+            LONG lProcessCount;
+
+            palErr = pSynchManager->ReadCmdFromProcessPipe(iPollTimeout,
+                                                           &swcCmd,
+                                                           &shridMarshaledData,
+                                                           &dwData);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("Received error %x from ReadCmdFromProcessPipe()\n",
+                      palErr);
+                continue;
+            }
+            switch (swcCmd)
+            {
+                case SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest:
+                    // This worker thread is being asked to initiate process termination
+
+                    HANDLE hTerminationRequestHandlingThread;
+                    palErr = InternalCreateThread(pthrWorker,
+                                      NULL,
+                                      0,
+                                      &TerminationRequestHandlingRoutine,
+                                      NULL,
+                                      0,
+                                      PalWorkerThread,
+                                      NULL,
+                                      &hTerminationRequestHandlingThread);
+
+                    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Unable to create worker thread\n");
+                    }
+
+                    if (hTerminationRequestHandlingThread != NULL)
+                    {
+                        CloseHandle(hTerminationRequestHandlingThread);
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case SynchWorkerCmdNop:
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: received SynchWorkerCmdNop\n");
+                    if (fShuttingDown)
+                    {
+                        TRACE("Synch Worker: received a timeout when "
+                              "fShuttingDown==true: worker is done, bailing "
+                              "out from the loop\n");
+
+                        // Whether WorkerThreadShuttingDownTimeout has elapsed
+                        // or the last process with a descriptor opened for
+                        // write on our process pipe, has just closed it,
+                        // causing an EOF on the read fd (that can happen only
+                        // at shutdown time since during normal run time we
+                        // hold a fd opened for write within this process).
+                        // In both the case it is time to go for the worker
+                        // thread.
+                        fWorkerIsDone = true;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        lProcessCount = pSynchManager->DoMonitorProcesses(pthrWorker);
+                        if (lProcessCount > 0)
+                        {
+                            iPollTimeout = WorkerThreadProcMonitoringTimeout;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            iPollTimeout = INFTIM;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                case SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal:
+                {
+                    // Note: this cannot be a wait all
+                    WaitingThreadsListNode * pWLNode;
+                    ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo;
+                    DWORD dwObjIndex;
+                    bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+
+                    // Lock
+                    AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+                    AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+                    fSharedSynchLock = true;
+
+                    pWLNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode,
+                                                    shridMarshaledData);
+
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pWLNode, "Received bad Shared ID %p\n",
+                                shridMarshaledData);
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(gPID == pWLNode->dwProcessId,
+                                "Remote signal apparently sent to the wrong "
+                                "process [target pid=%u current pid=%u]\n",
+                                pWLNode->dwProcessId, gPID);
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(0 == (WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL & pWLNode->dwFlags),
+                                "Wait all with remote awakening delegated "
+                                "through SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal rather than "
+                                "SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling\n");
+
+
+                    // Get the object index
+                    dwObjIndex = pWLNode->dwObjIndex;
+
+                    // Get the WaitInfo
+                    ptwiWaitInfo = pWLNode->ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+                    // Initialize the WakeUpReason to WaitSucceeded
+                    twrWakeUpReason = WaitSucceeded;
+
+                    CSynchData * psdSynchData =
+                        SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData,
+                                              pWLNode->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: received REMOTE SIGNAL cmd "
+                        "[WInfo=%p {Type=%u Domain=%u ObjCount=%d TgtThread=%x} "
+                        "SynchData={shriId=%p p=%p} {SigCount=%d IsAbandoned=%d}\n",
+                        ptwiWaitInfo, ptwiWaitInfo->wtWaitType, ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain,
+                        ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount, ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId(),
+                        (VOID *)pWLNode->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid, psdSynchData,
+                        psdSynchData->GetSignalCount(), psdSynchData->IsAbandoned());
+
+                    if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked ==
+                        psdSynchData->GetObjectType()->GetOwnershipSemantics())
+                    {
+                        // Abandoned status is not propagated through process
+                        // pipe: need to get it from the object itself before
+                        // resetting the data by acquiring the object ownership
+                        if (psdSynchData->IsAbandoned())
+                        {
+                            twrWakeUpReason = MutexAbondoned;
+                        }
+
+                        // Acquire ownership
+                        palErr = psdSynchData->AssignOwnershipToThread(
+                                    pthrWorker,
+                                    ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner);
+                        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                        {
+                            ERROR("Synch Worker: AssignOwnershipToThread "
+                                  "failed with error %u; ownership data on "
+                                  "object with SynchData %p may be "
+                                  "corrupted\n", palErr, psdSynchData);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // Unregister the wait
+                    pSynchManager->UnRegisterWait(pthrWorker,
+                                                  ptwiWaitInfo,
+                                                  fSharedSynchLock);
+
+                    // pWLNode is no longer valid after UnRegisterWait
+                    pWLNode = NULL;
+
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: Waking up local thread %x "
+                          "{WakeUpReason=%u ObjIndex=%u}\n",
+                          ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId(),
+                          twrWakeUpReason, dwObjIndex);
+
+                    // Wake up the target thread
+                    palErr = WakeUpLocalThread(
+                        pthrWorker,
+                        ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner,
+                        twrWakeUpReason,
+                        dwObjIndex);
+                    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Synch Worker: Failed to wake up local thread "
+                              "%#x while propagating remote signaling: "
+                              "object signaling may be lost\n",
+                              ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId());
+                    }
+
+                    // Unlock
+                    ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+                    fSharedSynchLock = false;
+                    ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                case SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling:
+                {
+                    CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: received "
+                          "SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling\n");
+
+                    psdSynchData = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData,
+                                                       shridMarshaledData);
+
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != psdSynchData, "Received bad Shared ID %p\n",
+                                shridMarshaledData);
+                    _ASSERT_MSG(0 < dwData && (DWORD)INT_MAX > dwData,
+                                "Received remote signaling with invalid signal "
+                                "count\n");
+
+                    // Lock
+                    AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+                    AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: received DELEGATED OBJECT SIGNALING "
+                        "cmd [SynchData={shriId=%p p=%p} SigCount=%u] [Current obj SigCount=%d "
+                        "IsAbandoned=%d]\n", (VOID *)shridMarshaledData,
+                        psdSynchData, dwData, psdSynchData->GetSignalCount(),
+                        psdSynchData->IsAbandoned());
+
+                    psdSynchData->Signal(pthrWorker,
+                                       psdSynchData->GetSignalCount() + dwData,
+                                       true);
+
+                    // Current SynchData has been AddRef'd by remote process in
+                    // order to be marshaled to the current one, therefore at
+                    // this point we need to release it
+                    psdSynchData->Release(pthrWorker);
+
+                    // Unlock
+                    ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+                    ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrWorker);
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                case SynchWorkerCmdShutdown:
+                    TRACE("Synch Worker: received SynchWorkerCmdShutdown\n");
+
+                    // Shutdown the process pipe: this will cause the process
+                    // pipe to be unlinked and its write-only file descriptor
+                    // to be closed, so that when the last fd opened for write
+                    // on the fifo (from another process) will be closed, we
+                    // will receive an EOF on the read end (i.e. poll in
+                    // ReadBytesFromProcessPipe will return 1 with no data to
+                    // be read). That will allow the worker thread to process
+                    // possible commands already successfully written to the
+                    // pipe by some other process, before shutting down.
+                    pSynchManager->ShutdownProcessPipe();
+
+                    // Shutting down: this will cause the worker thread to
+                    // fetch residual cmds from the process pipe until an
+                    // EOF is converted to a SynchWorkerCmdNop or the
+                    // WorkerThreadShuttingDownTimeout has elapsed without
+                    // receiving any cmd.
+                    fShuttingDown = true;
+
+                    // Set the timeout to WorkerThreadShuttingDownTimeout
+                    iPollTimeout = WorkerThreadShuttingDownTimeout;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    ASSERT("Synch Worker: Unknown worker cmd [swcWorkerCmd=%d]\n",
+                           swcCmd);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        int iRet;
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData =
+            &pthrWorker->synchronizationInfo.m_tnwdNativeData;
+
+        // Using the worker thread's predicate/condition/mutex
+        // (that normally are never used) to signal the shutting
+        // down thread that the worker thread is done
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "Cannot lock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+
+        ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->iPred = TRUE;
+
+        iRet = pthread_cond_signal(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->cond);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR ("pthread_cond_signal returned %d [errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                   iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptnwdWorkerThreadNativeData->mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "Cannot lock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+
+        // Sleep forever
+        ThreadPrepareForShutdown();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ReadCmdFromProcessPipe
+
+    Reads a worker thread cmd from the process pipe. If there is no data
+    to be read on the pipe, it blocks until there is data available or the
+    timeout expires.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::ReadCmdFromProcessPipe(
+        int iPollTimeout,
+        SynchWorkerCmd * pswcWorkerCmd,
+        SharedID * pshridMarshaledData,
+        DWORD * pdwData)
+    {
+        int iRet;
+        BYTE byVal;
+        SynchWorkerCmd swcWorkerCmd = SynchWorkerCmdNop;
+
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pswcWorkerCmd);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pshridMarshaledData);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pdwData);
+
+        iRet = ReadBytesFromProcessPipe(iPollTimeout, &byVal, sizeof(BYTE));
+
+        if (0 > iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed polling the process pipe [ret=%d errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                  iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+
+            return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        if (iRet != 0)
+        {
+            _ASSERT_MSG(sizeof(BYTE) == iRet,
+                        "Got %d bytes from process pipe while expecting for %d\n",
+                        iRet, sizeof(BYTE));
+
+            swcWorkerCmd = (SynchWorkerCmd)byVal;
+
+            if (SynchWorkerCmdLast <= swcWorkerCmd)
+            {
+                ERROR("Got unknown worker command code %d from the process "
+                       "pipe!\n", swcWorkerCmd);
+
+                return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(SynchWorkerCmdNop == swcWorkerCmd ||
+                        SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal == swcWorkerCmd ||
+                        SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling == swcWorkerCmd ||
+                        SynchWorkerCmdShutdown == swcWorkerCmd ||
+                        SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest == swcWorkerCmd,
+                        "Unknown worker command code %u\n", swcWorkerCmd);
+
+            TRACE("Got cmd %u from process pipe\n", swcWorkerCmd);
+        }
+
+        if (SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal == swcWorkerCmd ||
+            SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling == swcWorkerCmd)
+        {
+            SharedID shridMarshaledId = NULLSharedID;
+
+            TRACE("Received %s cmd\n",
+                  (swcWorkerCmd == SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal) ?
+                  "REMOTE SIGNAL" : "DELEGATED OBJECT SIGNALING" );
+
+            iRet = ReadBytesFromProcessPipe(WorkerCmdCompletionTimeout,
+                                            (BYTE *)&shridMarshaledId,
+                                            sizeof(shridMarshaledId));
+            if (sizeof(shridMarshaledId) != iRet)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to read marshaled Shared ID from the "
+                      "process pipe [pipe=%d ret=%d errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                      m_iProcessPipeRead, iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+
+                return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            TRACE("Received marshaled shrid=%p\n", (VOID *)shridMarshaledId);
+
+            *pshridMarshaledData = shridMarshaledId;
+        }
+
+        if (SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling == swcWorkerCmd)
+        {
+            DWORD dwData;
+
+            iRet = ReadBytesFromProcessPipe(WorkerCmdCompletionTimeout,
+                                            (BYTE *)&dwData,
+                                            sizeof(dwData));
+            if (sizeof(dwData) != iRet)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to read signal count from the "
+                      "process pipe [pipe=%d ret=%d errno=%d (%s)]\n",
+                      m_iProcessPipeRead, iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+
+                return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            TRACE("Received signal count %u\n", dwData);
+
+            *pdwData = dwData;
+        }
+
+        *pswcWorkerCmd = swcWorkerCmd;
+        return NO_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ReadBytesFromProcessPipe
+
+    Reads the specified number of bytes from the process pipe. If there is
+    no data to be read on the pipe, it blocks until there is data available
+    or the timeout expires.
+    --*/
+    int CPalSynchronizationManager::ReadBytesFromProcessPipe(
+        int iTimeout,
+        BYTE * pRecvBuf,
+        LONG iBytes)
+    {
+#if !HAVE_KQUEUE
+        struct pollfd Poll;
+#endif // !HAVE_KQUEUE
+        int iRet = -1;
+        int iConsecutiveEintrs = 0;
+        LONG iBytesRead = 0;
+        BYTE * pPos = pRecvBuf;
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+        struct kevent keChanges;
+        struct timespec ts, *pts;
+        int iNChanges;
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+        _ASSERTE(0 <= iBytes);
+
+        do
+        {
+            while (TRUE)
+            {
+                int iErrno = 0;
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE
+#if HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+#if HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_SELECT
+#error Found no way to wait on a FIFO.
+#endif
+
+                timeval *ptv;
+                timeval tv;
+
+                if (INFTIM == iTimeout)
+                {
+                    ptv = NULL;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    tv.tv_usec = (iTimeout % tccSecondsToMillieSeconds) *
+                        tccMillieSecondsToMicroSeconds;
+                    tv.tv_sec = iTimeout / tccSecondsToMillieSeconds;
+                    ptv = &tv;
+                }
+
+                fd_set readfds;
+                FD_ZERO(&readfds);
+                FD_SET(m_iProcessPipeRead, &readfds);
+                iRet = select(m_iProcessPipeRead + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, ptv);
+
+#else // HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+
+                // Note: FreeBSD needs to use kqueue/kevent support here, since on this
+                // platform the EOF notification on FIFOs is not surfaced through poll,
+                // and process pipe shutdown relies on this feature.
+                // If a thread is polling a FIFO or a pipe for POLLIN, when the last
+                // write descriptor for that pipe is closed, poll() is supposed to
+                // return with a POLLIN event but no data to be read on the FIFO/pipe,
+                // which means EOF.
+                // On FreeBSD such feature works for pipes but it doesn't for FIFOs.
+                // Using kevent the EOF is instead surfaced correctly.
+
+                if (iBytes > m_keProcessPipeEvent.data)
+                {
+                    if (INFTIM == iTimeout)
+                    {
+                        pts = NULL;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ts.tv_nsec = (iTimeout % tccSecondsToMillieSeconds) *
+                            tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+                        ts.tv_sec = iTimeout / tccSecondsToMillieSeconds;
+                        pts = &ts;
+                    }
+
+                    if (0 != (EV_EOF & m_keProcessPipeEvent.flags))
+                    {
+                        TRACE("Refreshing kevent settings\n");
+                        EV_SET(&keChanges, m_iProcessPipeRead, EVFILT_READ,
+                               EV_ADD | EV_CLEAR, 0, 0, 0);
+                        iNChanges = 1;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        iNChanges = 0;
+                    }
+
+                    iRet = kevent(m_iKQueue, &keChanges, iNChanges,
+                                  &m_keProcessPipeEvent, 1, pts);
+
+                    if (0 < iRet)
+                    {
+                        _ASSERTE(1 == iRet);
+                        _ASSERTE(EVFILT_READ == m_keProcessPipeEvent.filter);
+
+                        if (EV_ERROR & m_keProcessPipeEvent.flags)
+                        {
+                            ERROR("EV_ERROR from kevent [ident=%d filter=%d flags=%x]\n", m_keProcessPipeEvent.ident, m_keProcessPipeEvent.filter, m_keProcessPipeEvent.flags);
+                            iRet = -1;
+                            iErrno = m_keProcessPipeEvent.data;
+                            m_keProcessPipeEvent.data = 0;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (0 > iRet)
+                    {
+                        iErrno = errno;
+                    }
+
+                    TRACE("Woken up from kevent() with ret=%d flags=%#x data=%d "
+                          "[iTimeout=%d]\n", iRet, m_keProcessPipeEvent.flags,
+                          m_keProcessPipeEvent.data, iTimeout);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // There is enough data already available in the buffer, just use that.
+                    iRet = 1;
+                }
+
+#endif // HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+#else // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+                Poll.fd = m_iProcessPipeRead;
+                Poll.events = POLLIN;
+                Poll.revents = 0;
+
+                iRet = poll(&Poll, 1, iTimeout);
+
+                TRACE("Woken up from poll() with ret=%d [iTimeout=%d]\n",
+                       iRet, iTimeout);
+
+                if (1 == iRet &&
+                    ((POLLERR | POLLHUP | POLLNVAL) & Poll.revents))
+                {
+                    // During PAL shutdown the pipe gets closed and Poll.revents is set to POLLHUP
+                    // (note: no other flags are set). We will also receive an EOF on from the read call.
+                    // Please see the comment for SynchWorkerCmdShutdown in CPalSynchronizationManager::WorkerThread.
+                    if (!PALIsShuttingDown() || (Poll.revents != POLLHUP))
+                    {
+                        ERROR("Unexpected revents=%x while polling pipe %d\n",
+                            Poll.revents, Poll.fd);
+                        iErrno = EINVAL;
+                        iRet = -1;
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (0 > iRet)
+                {
+                    iErrno = errno;
+                }
+
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+                if (0 == iRet || 1 == iRet)
+                {
+                    // 0 == wait timed out
+                    // 1 == FIFO has data available
+                    break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (1 < iRet)
+                    {
+                        // Unexpected iRet > 1
+                        ASSERT("Unexpected return code %d from blocking poll/kevent call\n",
+                                iRet);
+                        goto RBFPP_exit;
+                    }
+
+                    if (EINTR != iErrno)
+                    {
+                        // Unexpected error
+                        ASSERT("Unexpected error from blocking poll/kevent call: %d (%s)\n",
+                               iErrno, strerror(iErrno));
+                        goto RBFPP_exit;
+                    }
+
+                    iConsecutiveEintrs++;
+                    TRACE("poll() failed with EINTR; re-polling\n");
+
+                    if (iConsecutiveEintrs >= MaxWorkerConsecutiveEintrs)
+                    {
+                        if (iTimeout != INFTIM)
+                        {
+                            WARN("Receiving too many EINTRs; converting one of them "
+                                 "to a timeout");
+                            iRet = 0;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        else if (0 == (iConsecutiveEintrs % MaxWorkerConsecutiveEintrs))
+                        {
+                            WARN("Receiving too many EINTRs [%d so far]",
+                                 iConsecutiveEintrs);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (0 == iRet)
+            {
+                // Time out
+                break;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+                if (0 != (EV_EOF & m_keProcessPipeEvent.flags) && 0 == m_keProcessPipeEvent.data)
+                {
+                    // EOF
+                    TRACE("Received an EOF on process pipe via kevent\n");
+                    goto RBFPP_exit;
+                }
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+                iRet = read(m_iProcessPipeRead, pPos, iBytes - iBytesRead);
+
+                if (0 == iRet)
+                {
+                    // Poll returned 1 and read returned zero: this is an EOF,
+                    // i.e. no other process has the pipe still open for write
+                    TRACE("Received an EOF on process pipe via poll\n");
+                    goto RBFPP_exit;
+                }
+                else if (0 > iRet)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Unable to read %d bytes from the the process pipe "
+                          "[pipe=%d ret=%d errno=%d (%s)]\n", iBytes - iBytesRead,
+                          m_iProcessPipeRead, iRet, errno, strerror(errno));
+                    goto RBFPP_exit;
+                }
+
+                TRACE("Read %d bytes from process pipe\n", iRet);
+
+                iBytesRead += iRet;
+                pPos += iRet;
+
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+                // Update available data count
+                m_keProcessPipeEvent.data -= iRet;
+                _ASSERTE(0 <= m_keProcessPipeEvent.data);
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+            }
+        } while(iBytesRead < iBytes);
+
+    RBFPP_exit:
+        return (iRet < 0) ? iRet : iBytesRead;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalThread
+
+    Wakes up a local thead currently sleeping for a wait or a sleep
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalThread(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget,
+        ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeupReason,
+        DWORD dwObjectIndex)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdNativeWaitData =
+            pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.GetNativeData();
+
+        TRACE("Waking up a local thread [WakeUpReason=%u ObjectIndex=%u "
+              "ptnwdNativeWaitData=%p]\n", twrWakeupReason, dwObjectIndex,
+              ptnwdNativeWaitData);
+
+        // Set wakeup reason and signaled object index
+        ptnwdNativeWaitData->twrWakeupReason = twrWakeupReason;
+        ptnwdNativeWaitData->dwObjectIndex   = dwObjectIndex;
+
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        if (0 < GetLocalSynchLockCount(pthrCurrent))
+        {
+            // Defer the actual thread signaling to right after
+            // releasing the synch lock(s), so that signaling
+            // can happen from a thread-suspension safe area
+            palErr = DeferThreadConditionSignaling(pthrCurrent, pthrTarget);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Signal the target thread's condition
+            palErr = SignalThreadCondition(ptnwdNativeWaitData);
+        }
+#else // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        // Signal the target thread's condition
+        palErr = SignalThreadCondition(ptnwdNativeWaitData);
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DeferThreadConditionSignaling
+
+    Defers thread signaling to the final release of synchronization
+    lock(s), so that condition signaling can happen when the signaling
+    thread is marked as safe for thread suspension.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::DeferThreadConditionSignaling(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        LONG lCount = pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lPendingSignalingCount;
+
+        _ASSERTE(pthrTarget != pthrCurrent);
+
+        if (CThreadSynchronizationInfo::PendingSignalingsArraySize > lCount)
+        {
+            // If there is available room, add the target thread object to
+            // the array of pending thread signalings.
+            pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_rgpthrPendingSignalings[lCount] = pthrTarget;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // If the array is full, add the target thread object at the end
+            // of the overflow list
+            DeferredSignalingListNode * pdsln =
+                InternalNew<DeferredSignalingListNode>();
+
+            if (pdsln)
+            {
+                pdsln->pthrTarget = pthrTarget;
+
+                // Add the note to the end of the list.
+                // Note: no need to synchronize the access to this list since
+                // it is meant to be accessed only by the owner thread.
+                InsertTailList(&pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lePendingSignalingsOverflowList,
+                               &pdsln->Link);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            // Increment the count of pending signalings
+            pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lPendingSignalingCount += 1;
+
+            // Add a reference to the target CPalThread object; this is
+            // needed since deferring signaling after releasing the synch
+            // locks implies accessing the target thread object without
+            // holding the local synch lock. In rare circumstances, the
+            // target thread may have already exited while deferred signaling
+            // takes place, therefore invalidating the thread object. The
+            // reference added here ensures that the thread object is still
+            // good, even if the target thread has exited.
+            pthrTarget->AddThreadReference();
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::SignalThreadCondition
+
+    Performs the actual condition signaling in to wake up the target thread
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::SignalThreadCondition(
+        ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdNativeWaitData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        int iRet;
+
+        // Lock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Cannot lock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+            return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        // Set the predicate
+        ptnwdNativeWaitData->iPred = TRUE;
+
+        // Signal the condition
+        iRet = pthread_cond_signal(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->cond);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to signal condition: pthread_cond_signal "
+                  "returned %d [errno=%d (%s)]\n", iRet, errno,
+                  strerror(errno));
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            // Continue in order to unlock the mutex anyway
+        }
+
+        // Unlock the mutex
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptnwdNativeWaitData->mutex);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Cannot unlock mutex [err=%d]\n", iRet);
+            return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ReadBytesFromProcessPipe
+
+    Wakes up a remote thead currently sleeping for a wait or a sleep
+    by sending the appropriate cmd to the remote process' worker
+    thread, which will take care to convert this command into a
+    WakeUpLocalThread in the remote process
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpRemoteThread(
+        SharedID shridWLNode)
+    {
+        const int MsgSize = sizeof(BYTE) + sizeof(SharedID);
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        BYTE rgSendBuf[MsgSize];
+        BYTE * pbySrc, * pbyDst = rgSendBuf;
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pWLNode = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, shridWLNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(gPID != pWLNode->dwProcessId, "WakeUpRemoteThread called on local thread\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULLSharedID != shridWLNode, "NULL shared identifier\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pWLNode, "Bad shared wait list node identifier (%p)\n", (VOID*)shridWLNode);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(MsgSize <= PIPE_BUF, "Message too long [MsgSize=%d PIPE_BUF=%d]\n", MsgSize, (int)PIPE_BUF);
+
+        TRACE("Waking up remote thread {pid=%x, tid=%x} by sending cmd=%u and shridWLNode=%p over process pipe\n",
+              pWLNode->dwProcessId, pWLNode->dwThreadId, SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal, (VOID *)shridWLNode);
+
+        // Prepare the message
+        // Cmd
+        *pbyDst++ = (BYTE)(SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal & 0xFF);
+
+        // WaitingThreadsListNode (not aligned, copy byte by byte)
+        pbySrc = (BYTE *)&shridWLNode;
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int)sizeof(SharedID); i++)
+        {
+            *pbyDst++ = *pbySrc++;
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(pbyDst <= rgSendBuf + MsgSize + 1, "Buffer overrun");
+
+        // Send the message
+        palErr = SendMsgToRemoteWorker(pWLNode->dwProcessId, rgSendBuf, MsgSize);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed sending message to remote worker in process %u\n", pWLNode->dwProcessId);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DelegateSignalingToRemoteProcess
+
+    This method transfers an object signaling operation to a remote process,
+    where it will be performed by the worker thread. Such delegation takes
+    place when the currently processed thread (among those waiting on the
+    signald object) lives in a different process as the signaling thread,
+    and it is performing a wait all. In this case generally is not possible
+    to find out whether or not the wait all is satisfied, therefore the
+    signaling operation must be continued in the target process.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::DelegateSignalingToRemoteProcess(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        DWORD dwTargetProcessId,
+        SharedID shridSynchData)
+    {
+        const int MsgSize = sizeof(BYTE) + sizeof(SharedID) + sizeof(DWORD);
+        int i;
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        BYTE rgSendBuf[MsgSize];
+        BYTE * pbySrc, * pbyDst = rgSendBuf;
+        DWORD dwSigCount;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData =
+            SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, shridSynchData);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(gPID != dwTargetProcessId, " called on local thread\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULLSharedID != shridSynchData, "NULL shared identifier\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != psdSynchData, "Bad shared SynchData identifier (%p)\n", (VOID*)shridSynchData);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(MsgSize <= PIPE_BUF, "Message too long [MsgSize=%d PIPE_BUF=%d]\n", MsgSize, (int)PIPE_BUF);
+
+        TRACE("Transfering wait all signaling to remote process pid=%x by sending cmd=%u and shridSynchData=%p over process pipe\n",
+              dwTargetProcessId, SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling, (VOID *)shridSynchData);
+
+        dwSigCount = psdSynchData->GetSignalCount();
+
+        // AddRef SynchData to be marshaled to remote process
+        psdSynchData->AddRef();
+
+        //
+        // Prepare the message
+        //
+
+        // Cmd
+        *pbyDst++ = (BYTE)(SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling & 0xFF);
+
+        // CSynchData (not aligned, copy byte by byte)
+        pbySrc = (BYTE *)&shridSynchData;
+        for (i=0; i<(int)sizeof(SharedID); i++)
+        {
+            *pbyDst++ = *pbySrc++;
+        }
+
+        // Signal Count (not aligned, copy byte by byte)
+        pbySrc = (BYTE *)&dwSigCount;
+        for (i=0; i<(int)sizeof(DWORD); i++)
+        {
+            *pbyDst++ = *pbySrc++;
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(pbyDst <= rgSendBuf + MsgSize + 1, "Buffer overrun");
+
+        // Send the message
+        palErr = SendMsgToRemoteWorker(dwTargetProcessId, rgSendBuf, MsgSize);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            TRACE("Failed sending message to remote worker in process %u\n", dwTargetProcessId);
+
+            // Undo refcounting
+            psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::SendMsgToRemoteWorker
+
+    Sends a message (command + data) to a remote process's worker thread.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::SendMsgToRemoteWorker(
+        DWORD dwProcessId,
+        BYTE * pMsg,
+        int iMsgSize)
+    {
+#ifndef CORECLR
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        int iProcessPipe, iBytesToWrite, iRetryCount;
+        ssize_t sszRet;
+        char strPipeFilename[MAX_PATH];
+        BYTE * pPos = pMsg;
+        bool fRet;
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(gPID != dwProcessId, "SendMsgToRemoteWorker called with local process as target process\n");
+
+        fRet = GetProcessPipeName(strPipeFilename, MAX_PATH, dwProcessId);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(fRet, "Failed to retrieve process pipe's name!\n");
+
+        iProcessPipe = InternalOpen(strPipeFilename, O_WRONLY);
+        if (-1 == iProcessPipe)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to open a process pipe to wake up a remote thread "
+                  "[pid=%u errno=%d (%s) PipeFilename=%s]\n", dwProcessId,
+                  errno, strerror(errno), strPipeFilename);
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto SMTRW_exit;
+        }
+
+        pPos = pMsg;
+        iBytesToWrite = iMsgSize;
+        while (0 < iBytesToWrite)
+        {
+            iRetryCount = 0;
+            do
+            {
+                sszRet = write(iProcessPipe, pPos, iBytesToWrite);
+            } while (-1 == sszRet &&
+                     EAGAIN == errno &&
+                     ++iRetryCount < MaxConsecutiveEagains &&
+                     0 == sched_yield());
+
+            if (0 >= sszRet)
+            {
+                ERROR("Error writing message to process pipe %d [target_pid=%u "
+                      "bytes_to_write=%d bytes_written=%d ret=%d errno=%d (%s) "
+                      "PipeFilename=%s]\n", iProcessPipe, dwProcessId, iMsgSize,
+                      iMsgSize - iBytesToWrite, (int)sszRet, errno, strerror(errno),
+                      strPipeFilename);
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                break;
+            }
+            iBytesToWrite -= (int)sszRet;
+            pPos += sszRet;
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iBytesToWrite,
+                        "Interleaved messages while writing to process pipe %d\n",
+                        iProcessPipe);
+        }
+
+        // Close the opened pipe
+        close(iProcessPipe);
+
+    SMTRW_exit:
+        return palErr;
+#else // !CORECLR
+        ASSERT("There should never be a reason to send a message to a remote worker\n");
+        return ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+#endif // !CORECLR
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalWorkerThread
+
+    Wakes up the local worker thread by writing a 'nop' cmd to the
+    process pipe.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::WakeUpLocalWorkerThread(
+        SynchWorkerCmd swcWorkerCmd)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG((swcWorkerCmd & 0xFF) == swcWorkerCmd,
+                    "Value too big for swcWorkerCmd\n");
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG((SynchWorkerCmdNop == swcWorkerCmd) ||
+                    (SynchWorkerCmdShutdown == swcWorkerCmd) ||
+                    (SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest == swcWorkerCmd),
+                    "WakeUpLocalWorkerThread supports only SynchWorkerCmdNop, SynchWorkerCmdShutdown, and SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest."
+                    "[received cmd=%d]\n", swcWorkerCmd);
+
+        BYTE byCmd = (BYTE)(swcWorkerCmd & 0xFF);
+
+        TRACE("Waking up Synch Worker Thread for %u [byCmd=%u]\n",
+                    swcWorkerCmd, (unsigned int)byCmd);
+
+        // As long as we use pipes and we keep the message size
+        // within PIPE_BUF, there's no need to lock here, since the
+        // write is guaranteed not to be interleaved with/into other
+        // writes of PIPE_BUF bytes or less.
+        _ASSERT_MSG(sizeof(BYTE) <= PIPE_BUF, "Message too long\n");
+
+        int iRetryCount = 0;
+        ssize_t sszWritten;
+        do
+        {
+            sszWritten = write(m_iProcessPipeWrite, &byCmd, sizeof(BYTE));
+        } while (-1 == sszWritten &&
+                 EAGAIN == errno &&
+                 ++iRetryCount < MaxConsecutiveEagains &&
+                 0 == sched_yield());
+
+        if (sszWritten != sizeof(BYTE))
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to write to the process pipe to wake up the "
+                   "worker thread [errno=%d (%s)]\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetThreadWaitInfo
+
+    Returns a pointer to the WaitInfo structure for the passed CPalThread object
+    --*/
+    ThreadWaitInfo * CPalSynchronizationManager::GetThreadWaitInfo(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        return &pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_twiWaitInfo;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::UnRegisterWait
+
+    Unregister the wait described by ptwiWaitInfo that in general involves
+    a thread other than the current one (most of the times the deregistration
+    is performed by the signaling thread)
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the local process
+          synchronization lock.
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::UnRegisterWait(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo,
+        bool fHaveSharedLock)
+    {
+        int i = 0;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchData = NULL;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+
+        if (!fHaveSharedLock && LocalWait != ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+        {
+            AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            fSharedSynchLock = true;
+        }
+
+        TRACE("Unregistering wait for thread=%u [ObjCount=%d WaitType=%u WaitDomain=%u]\n",
+              ptwiWaitInfo->pthrOwner->GetThreadId(),
+              ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount, ptwiWaitInfo->wtWaitType,
+              ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain);
+
+        for (i=0; i < ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount; i++)
+        {
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItem = ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[i];
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+
+            if (pwtlnItem->dwFlags & WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED)
+            {
+                // Shared object
+                WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItemNext, * pwtlnItemPrev;
+
+                psdSynchData = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData,
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+
+                VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+                pwtlnItemNext = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode,
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrNext.shrid);
+                pwtlnItemPrev = SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode,
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.shrid);
+                if (pwtlnItemPrev)
+                {
+                    VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItemPrev);
+                    pwtlnItemPrev->ptrNext.shrid = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.shrid;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    psdSynchData->SetWTLHeadShrPtr(pwtlnItem->ptrNext.shrid);
+                }
+
+                if (pwtlnItemNext)
+                {
+                    VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItemNext);
+                    pwtlnItemNext->ptrPrev.shrid = pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.shrid;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    psdSynchData->SetWTLTailShrPtr(pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.shrid);
+                }
+
+                m_cacheSHRWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pwtlnItem->shridSHRThis);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Local object
+                psdSynchData = pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.ptr;
+
+                VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+                if (pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.ptr)
+                {
+                    VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.ptr->ptrNext.ptr = pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    psdSynchData->SetWTLHeadPtr(pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr);
+                }
+
+                if (pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr)
+                {
+                    VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+                    pwtlnItem->ptrNext.ptr->ptrPrev.ptr = pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.ptr;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    psdSynchData->SetWTLTailPtr(pwtlnItem->ptrPrev.ptr);
+                }
+
+                m_cacheWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pwtlnItem);
+            }
+
+            // Release the node's refcount on the synch data, and decerement
+            // waiting thread count
+            psdSynchData->DecrementWaitingThreadCount();
+            psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        // Reset wait data in ThreadWaitInfo structure: it is enough
+        // to reset lObjCount, lSharedObjCount and wdWaitDomain.
+        ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount       = 0;
+        ptwiWaitInfo->lSharedObjCount = 0;
+        ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain    = LocalWait;
+
+        // Done
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll
+
+    Unsignals all the objects involved in a wait all, except the target
+    one (i.e. psdTgtObjectSynchData)
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the synchronization locks
+          appropriate to all the objects involved in the wait-all. If any
+          of the objects is shared, the caller must own both local and
+          shared synch locks; if no shared object is involved in the wait,
+          only the local synch lock is needed.
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget,
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode,
+        CSynchData * psdTgtObjectSynchData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        CSynchData * psdSynchDataItem = NULL;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+        bool bOriginatingNodeFound = false;
+#endif
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdTgtObjectSynchData);
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 != (WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL & pwtlnNode->dwFlags),
+            "UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll() called on a normal (non wait all) wait");
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(gPID == pwtlnNode->dwProcessId,
+            "UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll() called on a wait all with remote awakening");
+
+        ThreadWaitInfo *ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnNode->ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+        int iObjCount = ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount;
+        for (int i = 0; i < iObjCount; i++)
+        {
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnItem = ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[i];
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnItem);
+
+            if (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnItem->dwFlags))
+            {
+                psdSynchDataItem = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                psdSynchDataItem = pwtlnItem->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.ptr;
+            }
+
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchDataItem);
+
+            // Skip originating node
+            if (psdTgtObjectSynchData == psdSynchDataItem)
+            {
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+                bOriginatingNodeFound = true;
+#endif
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            palErr = psdSynchDataItem->ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking(pthrCurrent, pthrTarget);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking failed on SynchData @ %p [palErr = %u]\n", psdSynchDataItem, palErr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(bOriginatingNodeFound, "Couldn't find originating node while unsignaling rest of the wait all\n");
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress
+
+    Marks all the thread waiting list nodes involved in the the current wait-all
+    for "delegated object signaling in progress", so that this wait cannot be
+    involved in another delegated object signaling that may happen while the
+    current object singaling is being tranfered to the target process (while
+    transfering it, synchronization locks are released in this process and later
+    grabbed again in the target process; in this time window another thread
+    could signal another object part of the same wait-all. In this case no
+    signal delegation must take place.
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the synchronization locks
+          appropriate to the target object described by pwtlnNode (i.e. the
+          local process synch lock if the target object is local, both local
+          and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode)
+    {
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        bool fTargetObjectIsShared = (0 != (WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED & pwtlnNode->dwFlags));
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNode);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(gPID == pwtlnNode->dwProcessId,
+            "MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress() called from the wrong process");
+
+        ThreadWaitInfo *ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnNode->ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+        if (!fSharedSynchLock && !fTargetObjectIsShared &&
+            LocalWait != ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain)
+        {
+            AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            fSharedSynchLock = true;
+        }
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(MultipleObjectsWaitAll == ptwiWaitInfo->wtWaitType,
+            "MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress() called on a normal (non wait-all) wait");
+
+        // Unmark all nodes other than the target one
+        int iTgtCount = ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount;
+        for (int i = 0; i < iTgtCount; i++)
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[i]);
+            ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[i]->dwFlags &= ~WTLN_FLAG_DELEGATED_OBJECT_SIGNALING_IN_PROGRESS;
+        }
+
+        // Mark the target node
+        pwtlnNode->dwFlags |= WTLN_FLAG_DELEGATED_OBJECT_SIGNALING_IN_PROGRESS;
+
+        // Done
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::UnmarkTWListForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress
+
+    Resets the "delegated object signaling in progress" flags in all the
+    nodes of the thread waitin list for the target waitable objects (represented
+    by its SynchData)
+
+    Note: this method must be called while holding the appropriate
+          synchronization locks (the local process synch lock if the target
+          object is local, both local and shared one if the object is shared).
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::UnmarkTWListForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+        CSynchData * pTgtObjectSynchData)
+    {
+        bool fSharedObject = (SharedObject == pTgtObjectSynchData->GetObjectDomain());
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode;
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(pTgtObjectSynchData);
+
+        pwtlnNode =  fSharedObject ? SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, pTgtObjectSynchData->GetWTLHeadShmPtr()) 
+                                   : pTgtObjectSynchData->GetWTLHeadPtr();
+
+        while (pwtlnNode)
+        {
+            VALIDATEOBJECT(pwtlnNode);
+
+            pwtlnNode->dwFlags &= ~WTLN_FLAG_DELEGATED_OBJECT_SIGNALING_IN_PROGRESS;
+            pwtlnNode = fSharedObject ? SharedIDToTypePointer(WaitingThreadsListNode, pwtlnNode->ptrNext.shrid) 
+                                      : pwtlnNode->ptrNext.ptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::RegisterProcessForMonitoring
+
+    Registers the process object represented by the passed psdSynchData and
+    pProcLocalData. The worker thread will monitor the actual process and,
+    upon process termination, it will set the exit code in pProcLocalData,
+    and it will signal the process object, by signaling its psdSynchData.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::RegisterProcessForMonitoring(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CSynchData *psdSynchData,
+        IPalObject *pProcessObject,
+        CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode * pmpln;
+        bool fWakeUpWorker = false;
+        bool fMonitoredProcessesLock = false;
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+
+        fMonitoredProcessesLock = true;
+
+        pmpln = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+        while (pmpln)
+        {
+            if (psdSynchData == pmpln->psdSynchData)
+            {
+                _ASSERT_MSG(pmpln->dwPid == pProcLocalData->dwProcessId, "Invalid node in Monitored Processes List\n");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            pmpln = pmpln->pNext;
+        }
+
+        if (pmpln)
+        {
+            pmpln->lRefCount++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            pmpln = InternalNew<MonitoredProcessesListNode>();
+            if (NULL == pmpln)
+            {
+                ERROR("No memory to allocate MonitoredProcessesListNode structure\n");
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+                goto RPFM_exit;
+            }
+
+            pmpln->lRefCount      = 1;
+            pmpln->dwPid          = pProcLocalData->dwProcessId;
+            pmpln->dwExitCode     = 0;
+            pmpln->pProcessObject = pProcessObject;
+            pmpln->pProcessObject->AddReference();
+            pmpln->pProcLocalData = pProcLocalData;
+
+            // Acquire SynchData and AddRef it
+            pmpln->psdSynchData = psdSynchData;
+            psdSynchData->AddRef();
+
+            pmpln->pNext = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+            m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses = pmpln;
+            m_lMonitoredProcessesCount++;
+
+            fWakeUpWorker = true;
+        }
+
+        // Unlock
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        fMonitoredProcessesLock = false;
+
+        if (fWakeUpWorker)
+        {
+            CPalSynchronizationManager * pSynchManager = GetInstance();
+
+            palErr = pSynchManager->WakeUpLocalWorkerThread(SynchWorkerCmdNop);
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {
+                ERROR("Failed waking up worker thread for process "
+                      "monitoring registration [errno=%d {%s%}]\n",
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+
+    RPFM_exit:
+        if (fMonitoredProcessesLock)
+        {
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent,
+                                         &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::UnRegisterProcessForMonitoring
+
+    Unregisters a process object currently monitored by the worker thread
+    (typically called if the wait timed out before the process exited, or
+    if the wait was a normal (i.e. non wait-all) wait that involved othter
+    objects, and another object has been signaled).
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::UnRegisterProcessForMonitoring(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+        CSynchData *psdSynchData,
+        DWORD dwPid)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode * pmpln, * pmplnPrev = NULL;
+
+        VALIDATEOBJECT(psdSynchData);
+
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+
+        pmpln = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+        while (pmpln)
+        {
+            if (psdSynchData == pmpln->psdSynchData)
+            {
+                _ASSERT_MSG(dwPid == pmpln->dwPid, "Invalid node in Monitored Processes List\n");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            pmplnPrev = pmpln;
+            pmpln = pmpln->pNext;
+        }
+
+        if (pmpln)
+        {
+            if (0 == --pmpln->lRefCount)
+            {
+                if (NULL != pmplnPrev)
+                {
+                    pmplnPrev->pNext = pmpln->pNext;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses = pmpln->pNext;
+                }
+
+                m_lMonitoredProcessesCount--;
+                pmpln->pProcessObject->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+                pmpln->psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+                InternalDelete(pmpln);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+        }
+
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ThreadPrepareForShutdown
+
+    Used to hijack thread execution from known spots within the
+    Synchronization Manager in case a PAL shutdown is initiated
+    or the thread is being terminated by another thread.
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::ThreadPrepareForShutdown()
+    {
+        TRACE("The Synchronization Manager hijacked the current thread "
+              "for process shutdown or thread termination\n");
+        while (true)
+        {
+            poll(NULL, 0, INFTIM);
+            sched_yield();
+        }
+
+        ASSERT("This code should never be executed\n");
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DoMonitorProcesses
+
+    This method is called by the worker thread to execute one step of
+    monitoring for all the process currently registered for monitoring
+    --*/
+    LONG CPalSynchronizationManager::DoMonitorProcesses(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode * pNode, * pPrev = NULL, * pNext;
+        LONG lInitialNodeCount;
+        LONG lRemovingCount = 0;
+        bool fLocalSynchLock = false;
+        bool fSharedSynchLock = false;
+        bool fMonitoredProcessesLock = false;
+
+        // Note: we first need to grab the monitored processes lock to walk
+        //       the list of monitored processes, and then, if there is any
+        //       which exited, to grab the synchronization lock(s) to signal
+        //       the process object. Anyway we cannot grab the synchronization
+        //       lock(s) while holding the monitored processes lock; that
+        //       would cause deadlock, since RegisterProcessForMonitoring and
+        //       UnRegisterProcessForMonitoring call stacks grab the locks
+        //       in the opposite order. Grabbing the synch lock(s) first (and
+        //       therefore all the times) would cause unacceptable contention
+        //       (process monitoring is done in polling mode).
+        //       Therefore we need to remove list nodes for processes that
+        //       exited copying them to the exited array, while holding only
+        //       the monitored processes lock, and then to signal them from that
+        //       array holding synch lock(s) and monitored processes lock,
+        //       acquired in this order. Holding again the monitored processes
+        //       lock is needed in order to support object promotion.
+
+        // Grab the monitored processes lock
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        fMonitoredProcessesLock = true;
+
+        lInitialNodeCount = m_lMonitoredProcessesCount;
+
+        pNode = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+        while (pNode)
+        {
+            pNext = pNode->pNext;
+
+            if (HasProcessExited(pNode->dwPid,
+                                 &pNode->dwExitCode,
+                                 &pNode->fIsActualExitCode))
+            {
+                TRACE("Process %u exited with return code %u\n",
+                      pNode->dwPid,
+                      pNode->fIsActualExitCode ? "actual" : "guessed",
+                      pNode->dwExitCode);
+
+                if (NULL != pPrev)
+                {
+                    pPrev->pNext = pNext;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses = pNext;
+                }
+
+                m_lMonitoredProcessesCount--;
+
+                // Insert in the list of nodes for exited processes
+                pNode->pNext = m_pmplnExitedNodes;
+                m_pmplnExitedNodes = pNode;
+                lRemovingCount++;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pPrev = pNode;
+            }
+
+            // Go to the next
+            pNode = pNext;
+        }
+
+        // Release the monitored processes lock
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        fMonitoredProcessesLock = false;
+
+        if (lRemovingCount > 0)
+        {
+            // First grab the local synch lock
+            AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+            fLocalSynchLock = true;
+
+            // Acquire the monitored processes lock
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+            fMonitoredProcessesLock = true;
+
+            if (!fSharedSynchLock)
+            {
+                bool fSharedSynchLockIsNeeded = false;
+
+                // See if the shared lock is needed
+                pNode = m_pmplnExitedNodes;
+                while (pNode)
+                {
+                    if (SharedObject == pNode->psdSynchData->GetObjectDomain())
+                    {
+                        fSharedSynchLockIsNeeded = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    pNode = pNode->pNext;
+                }
+
+                if (fSharedSynchLockIsNeeded)
+                {
+                    // Release the monitored processes lock
+                    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent,
+                                                 &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+                    fMonitoredProcessesLock = false;
+
+                    // Acquire the shared synch lock
+                    AcquireSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+                    fSharedSynchLock = true;
+
+                    // Acquire again the monitored processes lock
+                    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent,
+                                                 &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+                    fMonitoredProcessesLock = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Start from the beginning of the exited processes list
+            pNode = m_pmplnExitedNodes;
+
+            // Invalidate the list
+            m_pmplnExitedNodes = NULL;
+
+            while (pNode)
+            {
+                pNext = pNode->pNext;
+
+                TRACE("Process pid=%u exited with exitcode=%u\n",
+                      pNode->dwPid, pNode->dwExitCode);
+
+                // Store the exit code in the process local data
+                if (pNode->fIsActualExitCode)
+                {
+                    pNode->pProcLocalData->dwExitCode = pNode->dwExitCode;
+                }
+
+                // Set process status to PS_DONE
+                pNode->pProcLocalData->ps = PS_DONE;
+
+                // Set signal count
+                pNode->psdSynchData->SetSignalCount(1);
+
+                // Releasing all local waiters
+                //
+                // We just called directly in CSynchData::SetSignalCount(), so
+                // we need to take care of waking up waiting threads according
+                // to the Process object semantics (i.e. every thread must be
+                // awakend). Anyway if a process object is shared among two or
+                // more processes and threads from different processes are
+                // waiting on it, the object will be registered for monitoring
+                // in each of the processes. As result its signal count will
+                // be set to one more times (which is not a problem, given the
+                // process object semantics) and each worker thread will wake
+                // up waiting threads. Therefore we need to make sure that each
+                // worker wakes up only threads in its own process: we do that
+                // by calling ReleaseAllLocalWaiters
+                pNode->psdSynchData->ReleaseAllLocalWaiters(pthrCurrent);
+
+                // We are done with pProcLocalData, so we can release the process object
+                pNode->pProcessObject->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+
+                // Release the reference to the SynchData
+                pNode->psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+
+                // Delete the node
+                InternalDelete(pNode);
+
+                // Go to the next
+                pNode = pNext;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (fMonitoredProcessesLock)
+        {
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        }
+
+        if (fSharedSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseSharedSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        if (fLocalSynchLock)
+        {
+            ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+        }
+
+        return (lInitialNodeCount - lRemovingCount);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::DiscardMonitoredProcesses
+
+    This method is called at shutdown time to discard all the registration
+    for the processes currently monitored by the worker thread.
+    This method must be called at shutdown time, otherwise some shared memory
+    may be leaked at process shutdown.
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::DiscardMonitoredProcesses(
+        CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode * pNode;
+
+        // Grab the monitored processes lock
+        InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+
+        while (m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses)
+        {
+            pNode = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+            m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses = pNode->pNext;
+            pNode->pProcessObject->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+            pNode->psdSynchData->Release(pthrCurrent);
+            InternalDelete(pNode);
+        }
+
+        // Release the monitored processes lock
+        InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateProcessPipe
+
+    Creates the process pipe for the current process
+    --*/
+    bool CPalSynchronizationManager::CreateProcessPipe()
+    {
+        bool fRet = true;
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+        int iKq = -1;
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+
+#ifndef CORECLR
+        int iPipeRd = -1, iPipeWr = -1;
+        char szPipeFilename[MAX_PATH];
+
+        /* Create the blocking pipe */
+        if (!GetProcessPipeName(szPipeFilename, MAX_PATH, gPID))
+        {
+            ERROR("couldn't get process pipe's name\n");
+            szPipeFilename[0] = 0;
+            fRet = false;
+            goto CPP_exit;
+        }
+
+        /* create the pipe, with full access to the owner only */
+        if (mkfifo(szPipeFilename, S_IRWXU) == -1)
+        {
+            if (errno == EEXIST)
+            {
+                /* Some how no one deleted the pipe, perhaps it was left behind
+                from a crash?? Delete the pipe and try again. */
+                if (-1 == unlink(szPipeFilename))
+                {
+                    ERROR( "Unable to delete the process pipe that was left behind.\n" );
+                    fRet = false;
+                    goto CPP_exit;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if (mkfifo(szPipeFilename, S_IRWXU) == -1)
+                    {
+                        ERROR( "Still unable to create the process pipe...giving up!\n" );
+                        fRet = false;
+                        goto CPP_exit;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ERROR( "Unable to create the process pipe.\n" );
+                fRet = false;
+                goto CPP_exit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        iPipeRd = InternalOpen(szPipeFilename, O_RDONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (iPipeRd == -1)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to open the process pipe for read\n");
+            fRet = false;
+            goto CPP_exit;
+        }
+
+        iPipeWr = InternalOpen(szPipeFilename, O_WRONLY | O_NONBLOCK);
+        if (iPipeWr == -1)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to open the process pipe for write\n");
+            fRet = false;
+            goto CPP_exit;
+        }
+#else // !CORECLR
+        int rgiPipe[] = { -1, -1 };
+        if (pipe(rgiPipe) == -1)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to create the process pipe\n");
+            fRet = false;
+            goto CPP_exit;
+        }
+#endif // !CORECLR
+
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+        iKq = kqueue();
+        if (-1 == iKq)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed to create kqueue associated to process pipe\n");
+            fRet = false;
+            goto CPP_exit;
+        }
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+    CPP_exit:
+        if (fRet)
+        {
+            // Succeeded
+#ifndef CORECLR
+            m_iProcessPipeRead = iPipeRd;
+            m_iProcessPipeWrite = iPipeWr;
+#else // !CORECLR
+            m_iProcessPipeRead = rgiPipe[0];
+            m_iProcessPipeWrite = rgiPipe[1];
+#endif // !CORECLR
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+            m_iKQueue = iKq;
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+        }
+        else
+        {
+#ifndef CORECLR
+            // Failed
+            if (0 != szPipeFilename[0])
+            {
+                unlink(szPipeFilename);
+            }
+            if (-1 != iPipeRd)
+            {
+                close(iPipeRd);
+            }
+            if (-1 != iPipeWr)
+            {
+                close(iPipeWr);
+            }
+#else // !CORECLR
+            if (-1 != rgiPipe[0])
+            {
+                close(rgiPipe[0]);
+                close(rgiPipe[1]);
+            }
+#endif // !CORECLR
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE && !HAVE_BROKEN_FIFO_KEVENT
+            if (-1 != iKq)
+            {
+                close(iKq);
+            }
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+        }
+
+        return fRet;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ShutdownProcessPipe
+
+    Shuts down the process pipe and removes the fifo so that other processes
+    can no longer open it. It also closes the local write end of the pipe (see
+    comment below). From this moment on the worker thread will process any
+    possible data already received in the pipe (but not yet consumed) and any
+    data written by processes that still have a opened write end of this pipe;
+    it will wait (with timeout) until the last remote process which has a write
+    end opened closes it, and then it will yield to process shutdown.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::ShutdownProcessPipe()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+#ifndef CORECLR
+        char szPipeFilename[MAX_PATH];
+
+        if (GetProcessPipeName(szPipeFilename, MAX_PATH, gPID))
+        {
+            if (unlink(szPipeFilename) == -1)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to unlink the pipe file name errno=%d (%s)\n",
+                      errno, strerror(errno));
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                // go on anyway
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ERROR("Couldn't get the process pipe's name\n");
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            // go on anyway
+        }
+#endif // CORECLR
+
+        if (-1 != m_iProcessPipeWrite)
+        {
+            // Closing the write end of the process pipe. When the last process
+            // that still has a open write-fd on this pipe will close it, the
+            // worker thread will receive an EOF; the worker thread will wait
+            // for this EOF before shutting down, so to ensure to process any
+            // possible data already written to the pipe by other processes
+            // when the shutdown has been initiated in the current process.
+            // Note: no need here to worry about platforms where close(pipe)
+            // blocks on outstanding syscalls, since we are the only one using
+            // this fd.
+            TRACE("Closing the write end of process pipe\n");
+            if (close(m_iProcessPipeWrite) == -1)
+            {
+                ERROR("Unable to close the write end of process pipe\n");
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            m_iProcessPipeWrite = -1;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+#ifndef CORECLR
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetProcessPipeName
+
+    Returns the process pipe name for the target process (identified by its PID)
+    --*/
+    bool CPalSynchronizationManager::GetProcessPipeName(
+        LPSTR pDest,
+        int iDestSize,
+        DWORD dwPid)
+    {
+        CHAR config_dir[MAX_PATH];
+        int needed_size;
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pDest, "Destination pointer is NULL!\n");
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 < iDestSize,"Invalid buffer size %d\n", iDestSize);
+
+        if (!PALGetPalConfigDir(config_dir, MAX_PATH))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to determine the PAL config directory.\n");
+            pDest[0] = '\0';
+            return false;
+        }
+        needed_size = snprintf(pDest, iDestSize, "%s/%s-%u", config_dir,
+                               PROCESS_PIPE_NAME_PREFIX, dwPid);
+        pDest[iDestSize-1] = 0;
+        if(needed_size >= iDestSize)
+        {
+            ERROR("threadpipe name needs %d characters, buffer only has room for "
+                  "%d\n", needed_size, iDestSize+1);
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+#endif // !CORECLR
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireProcessLock
+
+    Acquires the local Process Lock (which currently is the same as the
+    the local Process Synch Lock)
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::AcquireProcessLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        AcquireLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseProcessLock
+
+    Releases the local Process Lock (which currently is the same as the
+    the local Process Synch Lock)
+    --*/
+    void CPalSynchronizationManager::ReleaseProcessLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+    {
+        ReleaseLocalSynchLock(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::PromoteObjectSynchData
+
+    Promotes an object's synchdata from local to shared
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::PromoteObjectSynchData(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        VOID *pvLocalSynchData,
+        VOID **ppvSharedSynchData)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+        CSynchData *psdLocal = reinterpret_cast<CSynchData *>(pvLocalSynchData);
+        CSynchData *psdShared = NULL;
+        SharedID shridSynchData = NULLSharedID;
+        SharedID *rgshridWTLNodes = NULL;
+        CObjectType *pot = NULL;
+        ULONG ulcWaitingThreads;
+
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pthrCurrent);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pvLocalSynchData);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != ppvSharedSynchData);
+        _ASSERTE(ProcessLocalObject == psdLocal->GetObjectDomain());
+
+#if _DEBUG
+
+        //
+        // TODO: Verify that the proper locks are held
+        //
+#endif
+
+        //
+        // Allocate shared memory CSynchData and map to local memory
+        //
+
+        shridSynchData = m_cacheSHRSynchData.Get(pthrCurrent);
+        if (NULLSharedID == shridSynchData)
+        {
+            ERROR("Unable to allocate shared memory\n");
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto POSD_exit;
+        }
+
+        psdShared = SharedIDToTypePointer(CSynchData, shridSynchData);
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != psdShared);
+
+        //
+        // Allocate shared memory WaitingThreadListNodes if there are
+        // any threads currently waiting on this object
+        //
+
+        ulcWaitingThreads = psdLocal->GetWaitingThreadCount();
+        if (0 < ulcWaitingThreads)
+        {
+            int i;
+
+            rgshridWTLNodes = InternalNewArray<SharedID>(ulcWaitingThreads);
+            if (NULL == rgshridWTLNodes)
+            {
+                palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+                goto POSD_exit;
+            }
+
+            i = m_cacheSHRWTListNodes.Get(
+                    pthrCurrent,
+                    ulcWaitingThreads,
+                    rgshridWTLNodes
+                    );
+
+            if (static_cast<ULONG>(i) != ulcWaitingThreads)
+            {
+                for (i -= 1; i >= 0; i -= 1)
+                {
+                    m_cacheSHRWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, rgshridWTLNodes[i]);
+                }
+
+                palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+                goto POSD_exit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // If the synch data is for a process object we need to grab
+        // the monitored process list lock here
+        //
+
+        pot = psdLocal->GetObjectType();
+        _ASSERTE(NULL != pot);
+
+        if (otiProcess == pot->GetId())
+        {
+            InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Copy pertinent CSynchData info to the shared memory version (and
+        // initialize other members)
+        //
+
+        psdShared->SetSharedThis(shridSynchData);
+        psdShared->SetObjectDomain(SharedObject);
+        psdShared->SetObjectType(psdLocal->GetObjectType());
+        psdShared->SetSignalCount(psdLocal->GetSignalCount());
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        psdShared->SetStatContentionCount(psdLocal->GetStatContentionCount());
+        psdShared->SetStatWaitCount(psdLocal->GetStatWaitCount());
+#endif
+
+        //
+        // Rebuild the waiting thread list, and update the wait domain
+        // for the waiting threads
+        //
+
+        psdShared->SetWTLHeadShrPtr(NULLSharedID);
+        psdShared->SetWTLTailShrPtr(NULLSharedID);
+
+        if (0 < ulcWaitingThreads)
+        {
+            WaitingThreadsListNode *pwtlnOld;
+            WaitingThreadsListNode *pwtlnNew;
+            int i = 0;
+
+            for (pwtlnOld = psdLocal->GetWTLHeadPtr();
+                 pwtlnOld != NULL;
+                 pwtlnOld = pwtlnOld->ptrNext.ptr, i += 1)
+            {
+                pwtlnNew = SharedIDToTypePointer(
+                    WaitingThreadsListNode,
+                    rgshridWTLNodes[i]
+                    );
+
+                _ASSERTE(NULL != pwtlnNew);
+
+                pwtlnNew->shridSHRThis = rgshridWTLNodes[i];
+                pwtlnNew->ptrOwnerObjSynchData.shrid = shridSynchData;
+
+                pwtlnNew->dwThreadId = pwtlnOld->dwThreadId;
+                pwtlnNew->dwProcessId = pwtlnOld->dwProcessId;
+                pwtlnNew->dwObjIndex = pwtlnOld->dwObjIndex;
+                pwtlnNew->dwFlags = pwtlnOld->dwFlags | WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED;
+                pwtlnNew->shridWaitingState = pwtlnOld->shridWaitingState;
+                pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo = pwtlnOld->ptwiWaitInfo;
+
+                psdShared->SharedWaiterEnqueue(rgshridWTLNodes[i]);
+                psdShared->AddRef();
+
+                _ASSERTE(pwtlnOld = pwtlnOld->ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[pwtlnOld->dwObjIndex]);
+                pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->rgpWTLNodes[pwtlnNew->dwObjIndex] = pwtlnNew;
+
+                pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->lSharedObjCount += 1;
+                if (pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->lSharedObjCount
+                    == pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount)
+                {
+                    pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain = SharedWait;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ASSERTE(pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->lSharedObjCount
+                        < pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->lObjCount);
+
+                    pwtlnNew->ptwiWaitInfo->wdWaitDomain = MixedWait;
+                }
+            }
+
+            _ASSERTE(psdShared->GetWaitingThreadCount() == ulcWaitingThreads);
+        }
+
+        //
+        // If the object tracks ownership and has a current owner update
+        // the OwnedObjectsListNode to point to the shared memory synch
+        // data
+        //
+
+        if (CObjectType::OwnershipTracked == pot->GetOwnershipSemantics())
+        {
+            OwnedObjectsListNode *pooln;
+
+            pooln = psdLocal->GetOwnershipListNode();
+            if (NULL != pooln)
+            {
+                pooln->pPalObjSynchData = psdShared;
+                psdShared->SetOwnershipListNode(pooln);
+                psdShared->AddRef();
+
+                //
+                // Copy over other ownership info.
+                //
+
+                psdShared->SetOwner(psdLocal->GetOwnerThread());
+                psdShared->SetOwnershipCount(psdLocal->GetOwnershipCount());
+                _ASSERTE(!psdShared->IsAbandoned());
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(0 == psdLocal->GetOwnershipCount());
+                _ASSERTE(0 == psdShared->GetOwnershipCount());
+                psdShared->SetAbandoned(psdLocal->IsAbandoned());
+            }
+        }
+
+        //
+        // If the synch data is for a process object update the monitored
+        // process list nodes to point to the shared memory object data,
+        // and release the monitored process list lock
+        //
+
+        if (otiProcess == pot->GetId())
+        {
+            MonitoredProcessesListNode *pmpn;
+
+            pmpn = m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+            while (NULL != pmpn)
+            {
+                if (psdLocal == pmpn->psdSynchData)
+                {
+                    pmpn->psdSynchData = psdShared;
+                    psdShared->AddRef();
+                }
+
+                pmpn = pmpn->pNext;
+            }
+
+            pmpn = m_pmplnExitedNodes;
+            while (NULL != pmpn)
+            {
+                if (psdLocal == pmpn->psdSynchData)
+                {
+                    pmpn->psdSynchData = psdShared;
+                    psdShared->AddRef();
+                }
+
+                pmpn = pmpn->pNext;
+            }
+
+            InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csMonitoredProcessesLock);
+        }
+
+        *ppvSharedSynchData = reinterpret_cast<VOID*>(shridSynchData);
+
+        //
+        // Free the local memory items to caches
+        //
+
+        if (0 < ulcWaitingThreads)
+        {
+            WaitingThreadsListNode *pwtln;
+
+            pwtln = psdLocal->GetWTLHeadPtr();
+            while (NULL != pwtln)
+            {
+                WaitingThreadsListNode *pwtlnTemp;
+
+                pwtlnTemp = pwtln;
+                pwtln = pwtln->ptrNext.ptr;
+                m_cacheWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pwtlnTemp);
+            }
+        }
+
+        m_cacheSynchData.Add(pthrCurrent, psdLocal);
+
+    POSD_exit:
+
+        if (NULL != rgshridWTLNodes)
+        {
+            InternalDeleteArray(rgshridWTLNodes);
+        }
+
+        return palError;
+    }
+
+
+    /////////////////////////////
+    //                         //
+    //  _ThreadNativeWaitData  //
+    //                         //
+    /////////////////////////////
+
+    _ThreadNativeWaitData::~_ThreadNativeWaitData()
+    {
+        if (fInitialized)
+        {
+            fInitialized = false;
+            pthread_cond_destroy(&cond);
+            pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    //////////////////////////////////
+    //                              //
+    //  CThreadSynchronizationInfo  //
+    //                              //
+    //////////////////////////////////
+
+    CThreadSynchronizationInfo::CThreadSynchronizationInfo() :
+            m_tsThreadState(TS_IDLE),
+            m_shridWaitAwakened(NULLSharedID),
+            m_lLocalSynchLockCount(0),
+            m_lSharedSynchLockCount(0),
+            m_ownedNamedMutexListHead(nullptr)
+    {
+        InitializeListHead(&m_leOwnedObjsList);
+        InitializeCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+
+#ifdef SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        m_lPendingSignalingCount = 0;
+        InitializeListHead(&m_lePendingSignalingsOverflowList);
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+    }
+
+    CThreadSynchronizationInfo::~CThreadSynchronizationInfo()
+    {
+        DeleteCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        if (NULLSharedID != m_shridWaitAwakened)
+        {
+            RawSharedObjectFree(m_shridWaitAwakened);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::AcquireNativeWaitLock()
+    {
+#if !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        int iRet;
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_tnwdNativeData.mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "pthread_mutex_lock failed with error=%d\n", iRet);
+#endif // !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+    }
+
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::ReleaseNativeWaitLock()
+    {
+#if !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        int iRet;
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_tnwdNativeData.mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet, "pthread_mutex_unlock failed with error=%d\n", iRet);
+#endif // !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+    }
+
+    bool CThreadSynchronizationInfo::TryAcquireNativeWaitLock()
+    {
+        bool fRet = true;
+#if !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        int iRet;
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_trylock(&m_tnwdNativeData.mutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iRet || EBUSY == iRet,
+                    "pthread_mutex_trylock failed with error=%d\n", iRet);
+        fRet = (0 == iRet);
+#endif // !SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+        return fRet;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::InitializePreCreate
+
+    Part of CThreadSynchronizationInfo's initialization to be carried out
+    before actual thread creation
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CThreadSynchronizationInfo::InitializePreCreate(void)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        DWORD * pdwWaitState = NULL;
+        int iRet;
+        const int MaxUnavailableResourceRetries = 10;
+        int iEagains;
+        m_shridWaitAwakened = RawSharedObjectAlloc(sizeof(DWORD),
+                                                   DefaultSharedPool);
+        if (NULLSharedID == m_shridWaitAwakened)
+        {
+            ERROR("Fail allocating thread wait status shared object\n");
+            palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto IPrC_exit;
+        }
+
+        pdwWaitState = SharedIDToTypePointer(DWORD,
+            m_shridWaitAwakened);
+
+        _ASSERT_MSG(NULL != pdwWaitState,
+            "Unable to map shared wait state: bad shared ID [shrid=%p]\n", (VOID*)m_shridWaitAwakened);
+
+        VolatileStore<DWORD>(pdwWaitState, TWS_ACTIVE);
+        m_tsThreadState = TS_STARTING;
+
+        iEagains = 0;
+    Mutex_retry:
+        iRet = pthread_mutex_init(&m_tnwdNativeData.mutex, NULL);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed creating thread synchronization mutex [error=%d (%s)]\n", iRet, strerror(iRet));
+            if (EAGAIN == iRet && MaxUnavailableResourceRetries >= ++iEagains)
+            {
+                poll(NULL, 0, min(100,10*iEagains));
+                goto Mutex_retry;
+            }
+            else if (ENOMEM == iRet)
+            {
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            goto IPrC_exit;
+        }
+
+        iEagains = 0;
+    Cond_retry:
+        iRet = pthread_cond_init(&m_tnwdNativeData.cond, NULL);
+        if (0 != iRet)
+        {
+            ERROR("Failed creating thread synchronization condition "
+                  "[error=%d (%s)]\n", iRet, strerror(iRet));
+            if (EAGAIN == iRet && MaxUnavailableResourceRetries >= ++iEagains)
+            {
+                poll(NULL, 0, min(100,10*iEagains));
+                goto Cond_retry;
+            }
+            else if (ENOMEM == iRet)
+            {
+                palErr = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+            pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_tnwdNativeData.mutex);
+            goto IPrC_exit;
+        }
+
+        m_tnwdNativeData.fInitialized = true;
+
+    IPrC_exit:
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            m_tsThreadState = TS_FAILED;
+        }
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::InitializePostCreate
+
+    Part of CThreadSynchronizationInfo's initialization to be carried out
+    after actual thread creation
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CThreadSynchronizationInfo::InitializePostCreate(
+        CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+        SIZE_T threadId,
+        DWORD dwLwpId)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        if (TS_FAILED == m_tsThreadState)
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        m_twiWaitInfo.pthrOwner = pthrCurrent;
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::AddObjectToOwnedList
+
+    Adds an object to the list of currently owned objects.
+    --*/
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::AddObjectToOwnedList(POwnedObjectsListNode pooln)
+    {
+        InsertTailList(&m_leOwnedObjsList, &pooln->Link);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveObjectFromOwnedList
+
+    Removes an object from the list of currently owned objects.
+    --*/
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveObjectFromOwnedList(POwnedObjectsListNode pooln)
+    {
+        RemoveEntryList(&pooln->Link);
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveFirstObjectFromOwnedList
+
+    Removes the first object from the list of currently owned objects.
+    --*/
+    POwnedObjectsListNode CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveFirstObjectFromOwnedList()
+    {
+        OwnedObjectsListNode * poolnItem;
+
+        if (IsListEmpty(&m_leOwnedObjsList))
+        {
+            poolnItem = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            PLIST_ENTRY pLink = RemoveHeadList(&m_leOwnedObjsList);
+            poolnItem = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink, OwnedObjectsListNode, Link);
+        }
+
+        return poolnItem;
+    }
+
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::AddOwnedNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(processData != nullptr);
+        _ASSERTE(processData->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList() == nullptr);
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        processData->SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(m_ownedNamedMutexListHead);
+        m_ownedNamedMutexListHead = processData;
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+    }
+
+    void CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveOwnedNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(processData != nullptr);
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        if (m_ownedNamedMutexListHead == processData)
+        {
+            m_ownedNamedMutexListHead = processData->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList();
+            processData->SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(nullptr);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            bool found = false;
+            for (NamedMutexProcessData
+                    *previous = m_ownedNamedMutexListHead,
+                    *current = previous->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList();
+                current != nullptr;
+                previous = current, current = current->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList())
+            {
+                if (current == processData)
+                {
+                    found = true;
+                    previous->SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(current->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList());
+                    current->SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(nullptr);
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            _ASSERTE(found);
+        }
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+    }
+
+    NamedMutexProcessData *CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RemoveFirstOwnedNamedMutex()
+    {
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        NamedMutexProcessData *processData = m_ownedNamedMutexListHead;
+        if (processData != nullptr)
+        {
+            m_ownedNamedMutexListHead = processData->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList();
+            processData->SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(nullptr);
+        }
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        return processData;
+    }
+
+    bool CThreadSynchronizationInfo::OwnsNamedMutex(NamedMutexProcessData *processData)
+    {
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        bool found = false;
+        for (NamedMutexProcessData *current = m_ownedNamedMutexListHead;
+            current != nullptr;
+            current = current->GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList())
+        {
+            if (current == processData)
+            {
+                found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_ownedNamedMutexListLock);
+        return found;
+    }
+
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RunDeferredThreadConditionSignalings
+
+    Carries out all the pending condition signalings for the current thread.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CThreadSynchronizationInfo::RunDeferredThreadConditionSignalings()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+
+        _ASSERTE(0 <= m_lPendingSignalingCount);
+
+        if (0 < m_lPendingSignalingCount)
+        {
+            LONG lArrayPendingSignalingCount = min(PendingSignalingsArraySize, m_lPendingSignalingCount);
+            LONG lIdx = 0;
+            PAL_ERROR palTempErr;
+
+            // Signal all the pending signalings from the array
+            for (lIdx = 0; lIdx < lArrayPendingSignalingCount; lIdx++)
+            {
+                // Do the actual signaling
+                palTempErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::SignalThreadCondition(
+                    m_rgpthrPendingSignalings[lIdx]->synchronizationInfo.GetNativeData());
+                if (NO_ERROR != palTempErr)
+                {
+                    palErr = palTempErr;
+                }
+
+                // Release the thread reference
+                m_rgpthrPendingSignalings[lIdx]->ReleaseThreadReference();
+            }
+
+            // Signal any pending signalings from the array overflow list
+            if (m_lPendingSignalingCount > PendingSignalingsArraySize)
+            {
+                PLIST_ENTRY pLink;
+                DeferredSignalingListNode * pdsln;
+
+                while (!IsListEmpty(&m_lePendingSignalingsOverflowList))
+                {
+                    // Remove a node from the head of the queue
+                    // Note: no need to synchronize the access to this list since
+                    // it is meant to be accessed only by the owner thread.
+                    pLink = RemoveHeadList(&m_lePendingSignalingsOverflowList);
+                    pdsln = CONTAINING_RECORD(pLink,
+                                              DeferredSignalingListNode,
+                                              Link);
+
+                    // Do the actual signaling
+                    palTempErr = CPalSynchronizationManager::SignalThreadCondition(
+                        pdsln->pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.GetNativeData());
+                    if (NO_ERROR != palTempErr)
+                    {
+                        palErr = palTempErr;
+                    }
+
+                    // Release the thread reference
+                    pdsln->pthrTarget->ReleaseThreadReference();
+
+                    // Delete the node
+                    InternalDelete(pdsln);
+
+                    lIdx += 1;
+                }
+
+                _ASSERTE(lIdx == m_lPendingSignalingCount);
+            }
+
+            // Reset the counter of pending signalings for this thread
+            m_lPendingSignalingCount = 0;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::HasProcessExited
+
+    Tests whether or not a process has exited
+    --*/
+    bool CPalSynchronizationManager::HasProcessExited(
+        DWORD dwPid,
+        DWORD * pdwExitCode,
+        bool * pfIsActualExitCode)
+    {
+        pid_t pidWaitRetval;
+        int iStatus;
+        bool fRet = false;
+
+        TRACE("Looking for status of process; trying wait()\n");
+
+        while(1)
+        {
+            /* try to get state of process, using non-blocking call */
+            pidWaitRetval = waitpid(dwPid, &iStatus, WNOHANG);
+
+            if ((DWORD)pidWaitRetval == dwPid)
+            {
+                /* success; get the exit code */
+                if (WIFEXITED(iStatus))
+                {
+                    *pdwExitCode = WEXITSTATUS(iStatus);
+                    *pfIsActualExitCode = true;
+                    TRACE("Exit code was %d\n", *pdwExitCode);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    WARN("Process terminated without exiting; can't get exit "
+                         "code. Assuming EXIT_FAILURE.\n");
+                    *pfIsActualExitCode = true;
+                    *pdwExitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                }
+
+                fRet = true;
+            }
+            else if (0 == pidWaitRetval)
+            {
+                // The process is still running.
+                TRACE("Process %#x is still active.\n", dwPid);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // A legitimate cause of failure is EINTR; if this happens we
+                // have to try again. A second legitimate cause is ECHILD, which
+                // happens if we're trying to retrieve the status of a currently-
+                // running process that isn't a child of this process.
+                if(EINTR == errno)
+                {
+                    TRACE("waitpid() failed with EINTR; re-waiting\n");
+                    continue;
+                }
+                else if (ECHILD == errno)
+                {
+                    TRACE("waitpid() failed with ECHILD; calling kill instead\n");
+                    if (kill(dwPid, 0) != 0)
+                    {
+                        if (ESRCH == errno)
+                        {
+                            WARN("kill() failed with ESRCH, i.e. target "
+                                 "process exited and it wasn't a child, "
+                                 "so can't get the exit code, assuming  "
+                                 "it was 0.\n");
+                            *pfIsActualExitCode = false;
+                            *pdwExitCode = 0;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            ERROR("kill(pid, 0) failed; errno is %d (%s)\n",
+                                  errno, strerror(errno));
+                            *pfIsActualExitCode = false;
+                            *pdwExitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                        }
+
+                        fRet = true;
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Ignoring unexpected waitpid errno and assuming that
+                    // the process is still running
+                    ERROR("waitpid(pid=%u) failed with errno=%d (%s)\n",
+                          dwPid, errno, strerror(errno));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Break out of the loop in all cases except EINTR.
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return fRet;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::InterlockedAwaken
+
+    Tries to change the target wait status to 'active' in an interlocked fashion
+    --*/
+    bool CPalSynchronizationManager::InterlockedAwaken(
+        DWORD *pWaitState,
+        bool fAlertOnly)
+    {
+        DWORD dwPrevState;
+
+        dwPrevState = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *)pWaitState, TWS_ACTIVE, TWS_ALERTABLE);
+        if (TWS_ALERTABLE != dwPrevState)
+        {
+            if (fAlertOnly)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            dwPrevState = InterlockedCompareExchange((LONG *)pWaitState, TWS_ACTIVE, TWS_WAITING);
+            if (TWS_WAITING == dwPrevState)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /*++
+    Method:
+      CPalSynchronizationManager::GetAbsoluteTimeout
+
+    Converts a relative timeout to an absolute one.
+    --*/
+    PAL_ERROR CPalSynchronizationManager::GetAbsoluteTimeout(DWORD dwTimeout, struct timespec * ptsAbsTmo)
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+        int iRet;
+
+#if HAVE_WORKING_CLOCK_GETTIME
+        // Not every platform implements a (working) clock_gettime
+        iRet = clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, ptsAbsTmo);
+#elif HAVE_WORKING_GETTIMEOFDAY
+        // Not every platform implements a (working) gettimeofday
+        struct timeval tv;
+        iRet = gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
+        if (0 == iRet)
+        {
+            ptsAbsTmo->tv_sec  = tv.tv_sec;
+            ptsAbsTmo->tv_nsec = tv.tv_usec * tccMicroSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+        }
+#else
+        #error "Don't know how to get hi-res current time on this platform"
+#endif // HAVE_WORKING_CLOCK_GETTIME, HAVE_WORKING_GETTIMEOFDAY
+
+        if (0 == iRet)
+        {
+            ptsAbsTmo->tv_sec  += dwTimeout / tccSecondsToMillieSeconds;
+            ptsAbsTmo->tv_nsec += (dwTimeout % tccSecondsToMillieSeconds) * tccMillieSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+            while (ptsAbsTmo->tv_nsec >= tccSecondsToNanoSeconds)
+            {
+                ptsAbsTmo->tv_sec  += 1;
+                ptsAbsTmo->tv_nsec -= tccSecondsToNanoSeconds;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palErr = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        return palErr;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.hpp b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..fdef82e936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/synchmanager.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1022 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    synchmanager.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+    Private header file for synchronization manager and 
+    controllers implementation
+
+
+
+--*/
+#ifndef _SYNCHMANAGER_HPP_
+#define _SYNCHMANAGER_HPP_
+
+#include "pal/synchobjects.hpp"
+#include "pal/synchcache.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE
+#include <sys/event.h>
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+// #define SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+// #define SYNCH_STATISTICS
+#endif
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+#define VALIDATEOBJECT(obj) ((obj)->ValidateObject())
+#else
+#define VALIDATEOBJECT(obj)
+#endif
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+    const DWORD WTLN_FLAG_OWNER_OBJECT_IS_SHARED                 = 1<<0;
+    const DWORD WTLN_FLAG_WAIT_ALL                               = 1<<1;
+    const DWORD WTLN_FLAG_DELEGATED_OBJECT_SIGNALING_IN_PROGRESS = 1<<2;
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+    const DWORD HeadSignature  = 0x48454144;
+    const DWORD TailSignature  = 0x5441494C;
+    const DWORD EmptySignature = 0xBAADF00D;
+#endif
+
+    enum THREAD_WAIT_STATE
+    {
+        TWS_ACTIVE,
+        TWS_WAITING,
+        TWS_ALERTABLE,
+        TWS_EARLYDEATH,
+    };
+
+    enum WaitCompletionState
+    {
+        WaitIsNotSatisfied,
+        WaitIsSatisfied,
+        WaitMayBeSatisfied
+    };
+
+    typedef union _SynchDataGenrPtr
+    {
+        SharedID shrid;
+        CSynchData * ptr;
+    } SynchDataGenrPtr;
+
+    typedef union _WTLNodeGenrPtr
+    {
+        SharedID shrid;
+        struct _WaitingThreadsListNode * ptr;
+    } WTLNodeGenrPtr;
+
+    typedef struct _WaitingThreadsListNode
+    {
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+        DWORD dwDebugHeadSignature;
+#endif
+        WTLNodeGenrPtr ptrNext;
+        WTLNodeGenrPtr ptrPrev;
+        SharedID shridSHRThis;
+
+        // Data
+        DWORD dwThreadId;
+        DWORD dwProcessId;
+        DWORD dwObjIndex;
+        DWORD dwFlags;
+
+        // Pointers to related objects
+        SharedID shridWaitingState; 
+        SynchDataGenrPtr ptrOwnerObjSynchData;
+        struct _ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo;  // valid only in the 
+                                                // target process
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+        _WaitingThreadsListNode();
+        ~_WaitingThreadsListNode();
+        void ValidateObject(void);
+        void ValidateEmptyObject(void);
+        void InvalidateObject(void);
+
+        DWORD dwDebugTailSignature;
+#endif
+    } WaitingThreadsListNode;
+
+    typedef struct _DeferredSignalingListNode
+    {
+        LIST_ENTRY Link;
+        CPalThread * pthrTarget;
+    } DeferredSignalingListNode;
+
+    typedef struct _OwnedObjectsListNode
+    {
+        LIST_ENTRY Link;
+        CSynchData * pPalObjSynchData;
+    } OwnedObjectsListNode;
+
+    typedef struct _ThreadApcInfoNode
+    {
+        struct _ThreadApcInfoNode * pNext;
+        PAPCFUNC pfnAPC;
+        ULONG_PTR pAPCData;
+    } ThreadApcInfoNode;
+
+    class CPalSynchronizationManager; // fwd declaration
+    class CProcProcessLocalData;      // fwd declaration
+
+    class CSynchData
+    {
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+        DWORD m_dwDebugHeadSignature;
+#endif
+        // NB: For perforformance purposes this class is supposed
+        //     to have no virtual methods, and no destructor.
+
+        WTLNodeGenrPtr  m_ptrWTLHead;
+        WTLNodeGenrPtr  m_ptrWTLTail;
+        ULONG m_ulcWaitingThreads;
+        SharedID m_shridThis;
+        ObjectDomain m_odObjectDomain; 
+        PalObjectTypeId m_otiObjectTypeId;
+        LONG  m_lRefCount;
+        LONG  m_lSignalCount;
+
+        // Ownership data
+        LONG  m_lOwnershipCount;
+        DWORD m_dwOwnerPid;
+        DWORD m_dwOwnerTid; // used only by remote processes
+                            // (thread ids may be recycled)
+        CPalThread * m_pOwnerThread; // valid only on the target process
+        OwnedObjectsListNode * m_poolnOwnedObjectListNode;
+        bool m_fAbandoned;
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        ULONG m_lStatWaitCount;
+        ULONG m_lStatContentionCount;
+#endif
+
+    public:
+        CSynchData() 
+            : m_ulcWaitingThreads(0), m_shridThis(NULLSharedID), m_lRefCount(1),
+              m_lSignalCount(0), m_lOwnershipCount(0), m_dwOwnerPid(0),
+              m_dwOwnerTid(0), m_pOwnerThread(NULL), 
+              m_poolnOwnedObjectListNode(NULL), m_fAbandoned(false)
+        { 
+            // m_ptrWTLHead, m_ptrWTLTail, m_odObjectDomain 
+            // and m_otiObjectTypeId are initialized by
+            // CPalSynchronizationManager::AllocateObjectSynchData
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+            m_lStatWaitCount = 0;
+            m_lStatContentionCount = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+            ValidateEmptyObject();
+            m_dwDebugHeadSignature = HeadSignature;;
+            m_dwDebugTailSignature = TailSignature;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        LONG AddRef()
+        {
+            return InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount); 
+        }
+
+        LONG Release(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        bool CanWaiterWaitWithoutBlocking(
+            CPalThread * pWaiterThread,
+            bool * pfAbandoned);
+
+        PAL_ERROR ReleaseWaiterWithoutBlocking(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget);
+
+        void WaiterEnqueue(WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNewNode);
+        void SharedWaiterEnqueue(SharedID shridNewNode);
+
+        // Object Domain accessor methods
+        ObjectDomain GetObjectDomain(void)
+        {
+            return m_odObjectDomain;
+        }
+        void SetObjectDomain(ObjectDomain odObjectDomain)
+        {
+            m_odObjectDomain = odObjectDomain;
+        }
+
+        // Object Type accessor methods
+        CObjectType * GetObjectType(void)
+        {
+            return CObjectType::GetObjectTypeById(m_otiObjectTypeId);
+        }
+        PalObjectTypeId GetObjectTypeId(void)
+        {
+            return m_otiObjectTypeId;
+        }
+        void SetObjectType(CObjectType * pot)
+        {
+            m_otiObjectTypeId = pot->GetId();
+        }
+        void SetObjectType(PalObjectTypeId oti)
+        {
+            m_otiObjectTypeId = oti;
+        }
+
+        // Object shared 'this' pointer accessor methods
+        SharedID GetSharedThis (void)
+        {
+            return m_shridThis;
+        }
+        void SetSharedThis (SharedID shridThis)
+        {
+            m_shridThis = shridThis;
+        }
+
+        void Signal(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent, 
+            LONG lSignalCount, 
+            bool fWorkerThread);
+
+        bool ReleaseFirstWaiter(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            bool * pfDelegated,
+            bool fWorkerThread);
+
+        LONG ReleaseAllLocalWaiters(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        WaitCompletionState IsRestOfWaitAllSatisfied(
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode);
+
+        // Object signal count accessor methods
+        LONG GetSignalCount(void) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(m_lSignalCount >= 0);
+            return m_lSignalCount; 
+        }
+        void SetSignalCount(LONG lSignalCount) 
+        { 
+            _ASSERTE(m_lSignalCount >= 0);
+            _ASSERTE(lSignalCount >= 0);
+            m_lSignalCount = lSignalCount; 
+        }
+        LONG DecrementSignalCount(void) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(m_lSignalCount > 0);
+            return --m_lSignalCount; 
+        }
+
+        // Object ownership accessor methods
+        void SetOwner(CPalThread * pOwnerThread);
+        void ResetOwnership(void);
+        PAL_ERROR AssignOwnershipToThread(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget);
+        DWORD GetOwnerProcessID(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_dwOwnerPid; 
+        }
+        DWORD GetOwnerThreadID(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_dwOwnerTid; 
+        }
+        CPalThread * GetOwnerThread(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_pOwnerThread; 
+        }
+        OwnedObjectsListNode * GetOwnershipListNode(void)
+        {
+            return m_poolnOwnedObjectListNode;
+        }
+        void SetOwnershipListNode(OwnedObjectsListNode * pooln)
+        {
+            m_poolnOwnedObjectListNode = pooln;
+        }
+
+        // Object ownership count accessor methods
+        LONG GetOwnershipCount(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_lOwnershipCount; 
+        }
+        void SetOwnershipCount(LONG lOwnershipCount) 
+        { 
+            m_lOwnershipCount = lOwnershipCount;
+        }
+
+        // Object abandoned flag accessor methods
+        void SetAbandoned(bool fAbandoned) 
+                                    { m_fAbandoned = fAbandoned; }
+        bool IsAbandoned(void) { return m_fAbandoned; }
+
+        void IncrementWaitingThreadCount(void)
+        {
+            m_ulcWaitingThreads += 1;
+        }
+        void DecrementWaitingThreadCount(void)
+        {
+            m_ulcWaitingThreads -= 1;
+        }
+        ULONG GetWaitingThreadCount(void)
+        {
+            return m_ulcWaitingThreads;
+        }
+
+
+#ifdef SYNCH_STATISTICS
+        void IncrementStatWaitCount(void)
+        {
+            m_lStatWaitCount++;
+        }
+        LONG GetStatWaitCount(void)
+        {
+            return m_lStatWaitCount;
+        }
+        void IncrementStatContentionCount(void)
+        {
+            m_lStatContentionCount++;
+        }
+        LONG GetStatContentionCount(void)
+        {
+            return m_lStatContentionCount;
+        }
+#endif
+        //
+        // Wating threads list access methods
+        //
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * GetWTLHeadPtr(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_ptrWTLHead.ptr; 
+        }
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * GetWTLTailPtr(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_ptrWTLTail.ptr; 
+        }
+        SharedID GetWTLHeadShmPtr(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_ptrWTLHead.shrid; 
+        }
+        SharedID GetWTLTailShmPtr(void) 
+        { 
+            return m_ptrWTLTail.shrid; 
+        }
+        void SetWTLHeadPtr(WaitingThreadsListNode * p) 
+        { 
+            m_ptrWTLHead.ptr = p; 
+        }
+        void SetWTLTailPtr(WaitingThreadsListNode * p) 
+        { 
+            m_ptrWTLTail.ptr = p; 
+        }
+        void SetWTLHeadShrPtr(SharedID shrid) 
+        { 
+            m_ptrWTLHead.shrid = shrid; 
+        }
+        void SetWTLTailShrPtr(SharedID shrid) 
+        { 
+            m_ptrWTLTail.shrid = shrid; 
+        }
+#ifdef SYNCH_OBJECT_VALIDATION
+        ~CSynchData();
+        void ValidateObject(bool fDestructor = false);
+        void ValidateEmptyObject(void);
+        void InvalidateObject(void);
+
+        DWORD m_dwDebugTailSignature;
+#endif
+    };
+
+    
+    class CSynchControllerBase
+    {
+        friend class CPalSynchronizationManager;
+
+        // NB: For perforformance purposes this class is supposed
+        //     to have no virtual methods, contructor and 
+        //     destructor
+    public:
+        enum ControllerType { WaitController, StateController };
+
+    protected:
+        CPalThread * m_pthrOwner;
+        ControllerType m_ctCtrlrType;
+        ObjectDomain m_odObjectDomain;
+        CObjectType * m_potObjectType;
+        CSynchData * m_psdSynchData;
+        WaitDomain m_wdWaitDomain;
+             
+        PAL_ERROR Init(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            ControllerType ctCtrlrType,
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+            CObjectType *potObjectType,
+            CSynchData * psdSynchData,
+            WaitDomain wdWaitDomain);
+        
+        void Release(void);
+
+        void SetSynchData(CSynchData * psdSynchData) 
+        { 
+            m_psdSynchData = psdSynchData; 
+        }
+        CSynchData * GetSynchData() 
+        { 
+            return m_psdSynchData; 
+        }
+    };
+        
+    class CSynchWaitController : public CSynchControllerBase, 
+                                 public ISynchWaitController
+    {
+        // Per-object-type specific data
+        //
+        // Process (otiProcess)
+        IPalObject *m_pProcessObject; // process that owns m_pProcLocalData, this is stored without a reference
+        CProcProcessLocalData * m_pProcLocalData;
+        
+    public:
+        CSynchWaitController() : m_pProcessObject(NULL), m_pProcLocalData(NULL) {}
+        virtual ~CSynchWaitController() = default;
+        
+        //
+        // ISynchWaitController methods
+        //
+        virtual PAL_ERROR CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking(
+            bool * pfCanWaitWithoutBlocking,
+            bool * pfAbandoned);
+        
+        virtual PAL_ERROR ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking(void);
+        
+        virtual PAL_ERROR RegisterWaitingThread(
+            WaitType wtWaitType,
+            DWORD dwIndex,
+            bool fAlertable);
+
+        virtual void ReleaseController(void);
+
+        CProcProcessLocalData * GetProcessLocalData(void);
+
+        void SetProcessData(IPalObject* pProcessObject, CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData);
+    };  
+
+    class CSynchStateController : public CSynchControllerBase, 
+                                  public ISynchStateController
+    {
+    public:
+        // NB: For perforformance purposes this class is supposed
+        //     to have no constructor
+        virtual ~CSynchStateController() = default;
+
+        //
+        // ISynchStateController methods
+        //
+        virtual PAL_ERROR GetSignalCount(LONG *plSignalCount);
+        virtual PAL_ERROR SetSignalCount(LONG lNewCount);
+        virtual PAL_ERROR IncrementSignalCount(LONG lAmountToIncrement);
+        virtual PAL_ERROR DecrementSignalCount(LONG lAmountToDecrement);
+        virtual PAL_ERROR SetOwner(CPalThread *pNewOwningThread);
+        virtual PAL_ERROR DecrementOwnershipCount(void);
+        virtual void ReleaseController(void);
+    };    
+    
+    class CPalSynchronizationManager : public IPalSynchronizationManager
+    {
+        friend class CPalSynchMgrController;
+        template <class T> friend T *CorUnix::InternalNew();
+
+    public:
+        // types
+        typedef CSynchCache<CSynchWaitController>      CSynchWaitControllerCache;
+        typedef CSynchCache<CSynchStateController>     CSynchStateControllerCache;
+        typedef CSynchCache<CSynchData>                CSynchDataCache;
+        typedef CSHRSynchCache<CSynchData>             CSHRSynchDataCache;
+        typedef CSynchCache<WaitingThreadsListNode>    CWaitingThreadsListNodeCache;
+        typedef CSHRSynchCache<WaitingThreadsListNode> CSHRWaitingThreadsListNodeCache;
+        typedef CSynchCache<ThreadApcInfoNode>         CThreadApcInfoNodeCache;
+        typedef CSynchCache<OwnedObjectsListNode>      COwnedObjectsListNodeCache;
+
+    private:
+        // types
+        enum InitStatus 
+        { 
+            SynchMgrStatusIdle, 
+            SynchMgrStatusInitializing, 
+            SynchMgrStatusRunning, 
+            SynchMgrStatusShuttingDown,
+            SynchMgrStatusReadyForProcessShutDown,
+            SynchMgrStatusError 
+        };  
+        enum SynchWorkerCmd 
+        { 
+            SynchWorkerCmdNop,
+            SynchWorkerCmdRemoteSignal,
+            SynchWorkerCmdDelegatedObjectSignaling,
+            SynchWorkerCmdShutdown,
+            SynchWorkerCmdTerminationRequest,
+            SynchWorkerCmdLast
+        };
+
+        typedef struct _MonitoredProcessesListNode
+        {
+            struct _MonitoredProcessesListNode * pNext;
+            LONG lRefCount;
+            CSynchData * psdSynchData;
+            DWORD dwPid;
+            DWORD dwExitCode;
+            bool fIsActualExitCode;
+
+            // Object that owns pProcLocalData. This is stored, with a reference, to 
+            // ensure that pProcLocalData is not deleted.
+            IPalObject *pProcessObject;
+            CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData;
+        } MonitoredProcessesListNode;
+
+        // constants
+        static const int CtrlrsCacheMaxSize                = 256;
+        static const int SynchDataCacheMaxSize             = 256;
+        static const int WTListNodeCacheMaxSize            = 256;
+        static const int ApcInfoNodeCacheMaxSize           = 32;
+        static const int OwnedObjectsListCacheMaxSize      = 16;
+        static const int MaxWorkerConsecutiveEintrs        = 128;
+        static const int MaxConsecutiveEagains             = 128;
+        static const int WorkerThreadProcMonitoringTimeout = 250;  // ms
+        static const int WorkerThreadShuttingDownTimeout   = 1000; // ms
+        static const int WorkerCmdCompletionTimeout        = 250;  // ms
+        static const DWORD SecondNativeWaitTimeout         = INFINITE;
+        static const DWORD WorkerThreadTerminationTimeout  = 2000; // ms
+
+        // static members
+        static CPalSynchronizationManager * s_pObjSynchMgr;        
+        static Volatile<LONG>               s_lInitStatus;
+        static CRITICAL_SECTION             s_csSynchProcessLock;
+        static CRITICAL_SECTION             s_csMonitoredProcessesLock;
+        
+        // members        
+        DWORD                           m_dwWorkerThreadTid;
+        IPalObject *                    m_pipoThread;
+        CPalThread *                    m_pthrWorker;
+        int                             m_iProcessPipeRead;
+        int                             m_iProcessPipeWrite;
+#if HAVE_KQUEUE
+        int                             m_iKQueue;
+        struct kevent                   m_keProcessPipeEvent;
+#endif // HAVE_KQUEUE
+
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode *    m_pmplnMonitoredProcesses;
+        LONG                            m_lMonitoredProcessesCount;
+        MonitoredProcessesListNode *    m_pmplnExitedNodes;
+
+        // caches
+        CSynchWaitControllerCache       m_cacheWaitCtrlrs;
+        CSynchStateControllerCache      m_cacheStateCtrlrs;
+        CSynchDataCache                 m_cacheSynchData;
+        CSHRSynchDataCache              m_cacheSHRSynchData;
+        CWaitingThreadsListNodeCache    m_cacheWTListNodes;
+        CSHRWaitingThreadsListNodeCache m_cacheSHRWTListNodes;
+        CThreadApcInfoNodeCache         m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes;
+        COwnedObjectsListNodeCache      m_cacheOwnedObjectsListNodes;
+
+        // static methods
+        static PAL_ERROR Initialize();
+        static DWORD PALAPI WorkerThread(LPVOID pArg);
+
+    protected:
+        CPalSynchronizationManager();
+
+        PAL_ERROR GetSynchControllersForObjects(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+            DWORD dwObjectCount,
+            void ** ppvControllers,
+            CSynchControllerBase::ControllerType ctCtrlrType);
+
+    private:
+        static IPalSynchronizationManager * CreatePalSynchronizationManager();
+        static PAL_ERROR StartWorker(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+        static PAL_ERROR PrepareForShutdown(void);
+
+    public:
+        virtual ~CPalSynchronizationManager();
+
+        static CPalSynchronizationManager * GetInstance(void)
+        { 
+            // No need here to check for NULL and in case create the 
+            // singleton, since its creation is enforced by the PAL 
+            // initialization code.
+            return s_pObjSynchMgr; 
+        }
+
+        //
+        // Inline utility methods
+        //
+        static void AcquireLocalSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        { 
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount);
+            
+            if (1 == ++pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount)
+            {
+                InternalEnterCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csSynchProcessLock);
+            }
+        }
+        static void ReleaseLocalSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount);
+            if (0 == --pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount)
+            {
+                InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csSynchProcessLock);
+                
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+                pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.RunDeferredThreadConditionSignalings();
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+            }
+        }
+        static LONG ResetLocalSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {
+            LONG lRet = pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount;
+
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= lRet);
+            if (0 < lRet)
+            {
+                pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount = 0;
+                InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pthrCurrent, &s_csSynchProcessLock);
+
+#if SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+                pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.RunDeferredThreadConditionSignalings();
+#endif // SYNCHMGR_SUSPENSION_SAFE_CONDITION_SIGNALING
+            }
+            return lRet;
+        }
+        static LONG GetLocalSynchLockCount(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount);
+            return pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount;
+        }
+
+        static void AcquireSharedSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        {   
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount);
+            _ASSERT_MSG(0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount,
+                "The local synch lock should be acquired before grabbing the "
+                "shared one.\n");
+            if (1 == ++pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount)
+            {
+                SHMLock();
+            }
+        } 
+        static void ReleaseSharedSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount);
+            if (0 == --pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount)
+            {
+                _ASSERT_MSG(0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount,
+                    "Final release of the shared synch lock while not holding the "
+                    "local one. Local synch lock should always be acquired first and "
+                    "released last.\n");                
+                SHMRelease();
+            }                
+        }
+        static LONG ResetSharedSynchLock(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {   
+            LONG lRet = pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount;
+
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= lRet);
+            _ASSERTE(0 == lRet || 
+                     0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount);
+            if (0 < lRet)
+            {
+                pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount = 0;
+                SHMRelease();
+            }
+            return lRet;
+        }
+        static LONG GetSharedSynchLockCount(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(0 <= pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount);
+            _ASSERTE(0 == pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount || 
+                     0 < pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lLocalSynchLockCount);
+            return pthrCurrent->synchronizationInfo.m_lSharedSynchLockCount;
+        }
+
+        CSynchWaitController * CacheGetWaitCtrlr(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        { 
+            return m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        int CacheGetWaitCtrlr(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent, 
+            int n, 
+            CSynchWaitController * prgCtrlrs[])
+        { 
+            return m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent, n, prgCtrlrs); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddWaitCtrlr(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent, 
+            CSynchWaitController * pCtrlr) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheWaitCtrlrs.Add(pthrCurrent, pCtrlr); 
+        }            
+        CSynchStateController * CacheGetStateCtrlr(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        { 
+            return m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        int CacheGetStateCtrlr(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            int n, 
+            CSynchStateController * prgCtrlrs[]) 
+        { 
+            return m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Get(pthrCurrent, n, prgCtrlrs); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddStateCtrlr(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent, 
+            CSynchStateController * pCtrlr) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheStateCtrlrs.Add(pthrCurrent, pCtrlr); 
+        }
+
+        CSynchData * CacheGetLocalSynchData(CPalThread * pthrCurrent)            
+        { 
+            return m_cacheSynchData.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddLocalSynchData(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CSynchData * psdSynchData) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheSynchData.Add(pthrCurrent, psdSynchData); 
+        }
+        SharedID CacheGetSharedSynchData(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        { 
+            return m_cacheSHRSynchData.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddSharedSynchData(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            SharedID shridSData) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheSHRSynchData.Add(pthrCurrent, shridSData); 
+        }
+
+        WaitingThreadsListNode * CacheGetLocalWTListNode(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        { 
+            return m_cacheWTListNodes.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddLocalWTListNode(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pWTLNode)
+        { 
+            m_cacheWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pWTLNode); 
+        }
+        SharedID CacheGetSharedWTListNode(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        { 
+            return m_cacheSHRWTListNodes.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddSharedWTListNode(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            SharedID shridWTLNode) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheSHRWTListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, shridWTLNode); 
+        }
+
+        ThreadApcInfoNode * CacheGetApcInfoNodes(CPalThread * pthrCurrent) 
+        { 
+            return m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddApcInfoNodes(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            ThreadApcInfoNode * pNode) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheThreadApcInfoNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pNode); 
+        }
+
+        OwnedObjectsListNode * CacheGetOwnedObjsListNode(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent)
+        { 
+            return m_cacheOwnedObjectsListNodes.Get(pthrCurrent); 
+        }
+        void CacheAddOwnedObjsListNode(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            OwnedObjectsListNode * pNode) 
+        { 
+            m_cacheOwnedObjectsListNodes.Add(pthrCurrent, pNode); 
+        }
+
+
+        //
+        // IPalSynchronizationManager methods
+        //
+        virtual PAL_ERROR BlockThread(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            DWORD dwTimeout,
+            bool fAlertable,
+            bool fIsSleep,
+            ThreadWakeupReason *ptwrWakeupReason,
+            DWORD *pdwSignaledObject);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread *pthrTarget);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+            DWORD dwObjectCount,
+            ISynchWaitController *rgControllers[]);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR GetSynchStateControllersForObjects(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            IPalObject *rgObjects[],
+            DWORD dwObjectCount,
+            ISynchStateController *rgControllers[]);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR AllocateObjectSynchData(
+            CObjectType *potObjectType,
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+            VOID **ppvSynchData);
+
+        virtual void FreeObjectSynchData(
+            CObjectType *potObjectType,
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+            VOID *pvSynchData);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR PromoteObjectSynchData(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            VOID *pvLocalSynchData,
+            VOID **ppvSharedSynchData);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR CreateSynchStateController(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            CObjectType *potObjectType,
+            VOID *pvSynchData,
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+            ISynchStateController **ppStateController);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR CreateSynchWaitController(
+            CPalThread *pthrCurrent,
+            CObjectType *potObjectType,
+            VOID *pvSynchData,
+            ObjectDomain odObjectDomain,
+            ISynchWaitController **ppWaitController);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR QueueUserAPC(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread *pthrTarget,
+            PAPCFUNC pfnAPC,
+            ULONG_PTR uptrData);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR SendTerminationRequestToWorkerThread();
+
+        virtual bool AreAPCsPending(CPalThread * pthrTarget);
+
+        virtual PAL_ERROR DispatchPendingAPCs(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        virtual void AcquireProcessLock(CPalThread *pthrCurrent);
+
+        virtual void ReleaseProcessLock(CPalThread *pthrCurrent);
+
+        //
+        // Static helper methods
+        //
+    public:
+        static PAL_ERROR WakeUpLocalThread(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget,
+            ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeupReason,
+            DWORD dwObjectIndex);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR SignalThreadCondition(
+            ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdNativeWaitData);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR DeferThreadConditionSignaling(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR WakeUpRemoteThread(
+            SharedID shridWLNode);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR DelegateSignalingToRemoteProcess(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            DWORD dwTargetProcessId,
+            SharedID shridSynchData);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR SendMsgToRemoteWorker(
+            DWORD dwProcessId,
+            BYTE * pMsg,
+            int iMsgSize);
+
+        static ThreadWaitInfo * GetThreadWaitInfo(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        //
+        // The following methods must be called only by a Sync*Controller or
+        // while holding the required synchronization global locks
+        //
+        static void UnsignalRestOfLocalAwakeningWaitAll(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget,
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode,
+            CSynchData * psdTgtObjectSynchData);
+
+        static void MarkWaitForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            WaitingThreadsListNode * pwtlnNode);
+
+        static void UnmarkTWListForDelegatedObjectSignalingInProgress(
+            CSynchData * pTgtObjectSynchData);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR ThreadNativeWait(
+            ThreadNativeWaitData * ptnwdNativeWaitData,
+            DWORD dwTimeout,
+            ThreadWakeupReason * ptwrWakeupReason,
+            DWORD * pdwSignaledObject);
+
+        static void ThreadPrepareForShutdown(void);
+
+#ifndef CORECLR
+        static bool GetProcessPipeName(
+            LPSTR pDest, 
+            int iDestSize,
+            DWORD dwPid);
+#endif // !CORECLR
+        
+        //
+        // Non-static helper methods
+        //
+    private:
+        LONG DoMonitorProcesses(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        void DiscardMonitoredProcesses(CPalThread * pthrCurrent);
+
+        PAL_ERROR ReadCmdFromProcessPipe(
+            int iPollTimeout,
+            SynchWorkerCmd * pswcWorkerCmd,
+            SharedID * pshridMarshaledData,
+            DWORD * pdwData);
+
+        PAL_ERROR WakeUpLocalWorkerThread(
+            SynchWorkerCmd swcWorkerCmd);
+
+        void DiscardAllPendingAPCs(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CPalThread * pthrTarget);
+
+        int ReadBytesFromProcessPipe(
+            int iTimeout,
+            BYTE * pRecvBuf,
+            LONG lBytes);
+
+        bool CreateProcessPipe();
+
+        PAL_ERROR ShutdownProcessPipe();
+
+    public:
+        //
+        // The following methods must be called only by a Sync*Controller or
+        // while holding the required synchronization global locks
+        //
+        void UnRegisterWait(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            ThreadWaitInfo * ptwiWaitInfo,
+            bool fHaveSharedLock);
+
+        PAL_ERROR RegisterProcessForMonitoring(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CSynchData *psdSynchData,
+            IPalObject *pProcessObject,
+            CProcProcessLocalData * pProcLocalData);
+
+        PAL_ERROR UnRegisterProcessForMonitoring(
+            CPalThread * pthrCurrent,
+            CSynchData *psdSynchData,
+            DWORD dwPid);
+
+        //
+        // Utility static methods, no lock required
+        //
+        static bool HasProcessExited(
+            DWORD dwPid,
+            DWORD * pdwExitCode,
+            bool * pfIsActualExitCode);
+
+        static bool InterlockedAwaken(
+            DWORD *pWaitState,
+            bool fAlertOnly);
+
+        static PAL_ERROR GetAbsoluteTimeout(
+            DWORD dwTimeout,
+            struct timespec * ptsAbsTmo);
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // _SYNCHMANAGER_HPP_
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchmgr/wait.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/wait.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9c4fe3a9ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchmgr/wait.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,711 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    wait.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of waiting functions as described in
+    the WIN32 API
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/synchobjects.hpp"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC);
+
+#define MAXIMUM_STACK_WAITOBJ_ARRAY_SIZE (MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS / 4)
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+static PalObjectTypeId sg_rgWaitObjectsIds[] = 
+    { 
+        otiAutoResetEvent,
+        otiManualResetEvent,
+        otiMutex,
+        otiNamedMutex,
+        otiSemaphore,
+        otiProcess,
+        otiThread
+    };
+static CAllowedObjectTypes sg_aotWaitObject(sg_rgWaitObjectsIds, 
+    sizeof(sg_rgWaitObjectsIds)/sizeof(sg_rgWaitObjectsIds[0]));
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitForSingleObject
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+WaitForSingleObject(IN HANDLE hHandle,
+                    IN DWORD dwMilliseconds)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WaitForSingleObject);
+    ENTRY("WaitForSingleObject(hHandle=%p, dwMilliseconds=%u)\n",
+          hHandle, dwMilliseconds);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwRet = InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(pThread, 1, &hHandle, FALSE,
+                                             dwMilliseconds, FALSE);
+
+    LOGEXIT("WaitForSingleObject returns DWORD %u\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(WaitForSingleObject);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitForSingleObjectEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+WaitForSingleObjectEx(IN HANDLE hHandle,
+                      IN DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+                      IN BOOL bAlertable)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WaitForSingleObjectEx);
+    ENTRY("WaitForSingleObjectEx(hHandle=%p, dwMilliseconds=%u, bAlertable=%s)\n",
+          hHandle, dwMilliseconds, bAlertable ? "TRUE" : "FALSE");
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwRet = InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(pThread, 1, &hHandle, FALSE,
+                                             dwMilliseconds, bAlertable);
+
+    LOGEXIT("WaitForSingleObjectEx returns DWORD %u\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(WaitForSingleObjectEx);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitForMultipleObjects
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+WaitForMultipleObjects(IN DWORD nCount,
+                       IN CONST HANDLE *lpHandles,
+                       IN BOOL bWaitAll,
+                       IN DWORD dwMilliseconds)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WaitForMultipleObjects);
+    ENTRY("WaitForMultipleObjects(nCount=%d, lpHandles=%p,"
+          " bWaitAll=%d, dwMilliseconds=%u)\n",
+          nCount, lpHandles, bWaitAll, dwMilliseconds);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwRet = InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(pThread, nCount, lpHandles, 
+                                             bWaitAll, dwMilliseconds, FALSE);
+
+    LOGEXIT("WaitForMultipleObjects returns DWORD %u\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(WaitForMultipleObjects);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitForMultipleObjectsEx
+
+See MSDN doc for info about this function.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(IN DWORD nCount,
+                         IN CONST HANDLE *lpHandles,
+                         IN BOOL bWaitAll,
+                         IN DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+                         IN BOOL bAlertable)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(WaitForMultipleObjectsEx);
+    ENTRY("WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(nCount=%d, lpHandles=%p,"
+          " bWaitAll=%d, dwMilliseconds=%u, bAlertable=d)\n",
+          nCount, lpHandles, bWaitAll, dwMilliseconds, bAlertable);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwRet = InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(pThread, nCount, lpHandles, bWaitAll,
+                                             dwMilliseconds, bAlertable);
+
+    LOGEXIT("WaitForMultipleObjectsEx returns DWORD %u\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(WaitForMultipleObjectsEx);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  Sleep
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID
+PALAPI
+Sleep(IN DWORD dwMilliseconds)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(Sleep);
+    ENTRY("Sleep(dwMilliseconds=%u)\n", dwMilliseconds);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    DWORD internalSleepRet = InternalSleepEx(pThread, dwMilliseconds, FALSE);
+
+    if (internalSleepRet != 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("Sleep(dwMilliseconds=%u) failed [error=%u]\n", dwMilliseconds, internalSleepRet);
+        pThread->SetLastError(internalSleepRet);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("Sleep returns VOID\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(Sleep);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SleepEx
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+SleepEx(IN DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+        IN BOOL bAlertable)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SleepEx);    
+    ENTRY("SleepEx(dwMilliseconds=%u, bAlertable=%d)\n", dwMilliseconds, bAlertable);
+
+    CPalThread * pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    dwRet = InternalSleepEx(pThread, dwMilliseconds, bAlertable);
+
+    LOGEXIT("SleepEx returns DWORD %u\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(SleepEx);
+
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  QueueUserAPC
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+QueueUserAPC(
+    PAPCFUNC pfnAPC,
+    HANDLE hThread,
+    ULONG_PTR dwData)
+{    
+    CPalThread * pCurrentThread = NULL;
+    CPalThread * pTargetThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject * pTargetThreadObject = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palErr;
+    DWORD dwRet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(QueueUserAPC);
+    ENTRY("QueueUserAPC(pfnAPC=%p, hThread=%p, dwData=%#x)\n", 
+          pfnAPC, hThread, dwData);
+    
+    /* NOTE: Windows does not check the validity of pfnAPC, even if it is 
+       NULL.  It just does an access violation later on when the APC call 
+       is attempted */                 
+
+    pCurrentThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palErr = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pCurrentThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pTargetThreadObject
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain thread data for handle %p (error %x)!\n", 
+                hThread, palErr);
+        goto QueueUserAPC_exit;
+    }
+    
+
+    palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->QueueUserAPC(pCurrentThread, pTargetThread, 
+                                                     pfnAPC, dwData);  
+
+QueueUserAPC_exit:
+    if (pTargetThreadObject)
+    {
+        pTargetThreadObject->ReleaseReference(pCurrentThread);
+    }
+
+    dwRet = (NO_ERROR == palErr) ? 1 : 0;
+    
+    LOGEXIT("QueueUserAPC returns DWORD %d\n", dwRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(QueueUserAPC);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+DWORD CorUnix::InternalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(
+    CPalThread * pThread,
+    DWORD nCount,
+    CONST HANDLE *lpHandles,
+    BOOL bWaitAll,
+    DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+    BOOL bAlertable)
+{
+    DWORD dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;
+    PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+    int i, iSignaledObjCount, iSignaledObjIndex = -1;
+    bool fWAll = (bool)bWaitAll, fNeedToBlock  = false;    
+    bool fAbandoned = false;
+    WaitType wtWaitType;
+
+    IPalObject            * pIPalObjStackArray[MAXIMUM_STACK_WAITOBJ_ARRAY_SIZE] = { NULL };
+    ISynchWaitController  * pISyncStackArray[MAXIMUM_STACK_WAITOBJ_ARRAY_SIZE] = { NULL };
+    IPalObject           ** ppIPalObjs = pIPalObjStackArray;
+    ISynchWaitController ** ppISyncWaitCtrlrs = pISyncStackArray;
+  
+    if ((nCount == 0) || (nCount > MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS))
+    {
+        ppIPalObjs = NULL;        // make delete at the end safe
+        ppISyncWaitCtrlrs = NULL; // make delete at the end safe       
+        ERROR("Invalid object count=%d [range: 1 to %d]\n", 
+               nCount, MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS)
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto WFMOExIntExit;
+    }
+    else if (nCount == 1)
+    {
+        fWAll = false;  // makes no difference when nCount is 1
+        wtWaitType = SingleObject;                                  
+    }
+    else 
+    {
+        wtWaitType = fWAll ? MultipleObjectsWaitAll : MultipleObjectsWaitOne;
+        if (nCount > MAXIMUM_STACK_WAITOBJ_ARRAY_SIZE)
+        {
+            ppIPalObjs = InternalNewArray<IPalObject*>(nCount);
+            ppISyncWaitCtrlrs = InternalNewArray<ISynchWaitController*>(nCount);
+            if ((NULL == ppIPalObjs) || (NULL == ppISyncWaitCtrlrs))
+            {
+                ERROR("Out of memory allocating internal structures\n");
+                pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+                goto WFMOExIntExit;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+   
+    palErr = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceMultipleObjectsByHandleArray(pThread,
+                                                                     (VOID **)lpHandles, 
+                                                                     nCount,
+                                                                     &sg_aotWaitObject,
+                                                                     SYNCHRONIZE,
+                                                                     ppIPalObjs);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain object for some or all of the handles [error=%u]\n",
+              palErr);
+        if (palErr == ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE)
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        else
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto WFMOExIntExit;
+    }
+
+    if (nCount > 1)
+    {
+        // Check for any cross-process sync objects. "Wait for any" and "wait for all" operations are not supported on
+        // cross-process sync objects in the PAL.
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < nCount; ++i)
+        {
+            if (ppIPalObjs[i]->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiNamedMutex)
+            {
+                ERROR("Attempt to wait for any or all handles including a cross-process sync object", ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+                pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED);
+                goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else if (ppIPalObjs[0]->GetObjectType()->GetId() == otiNamedMutex)
+    {
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader =
+            SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_GetProcessDataHeader(ppIPalObjs[0]);
+        _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+        try
+        {
+            MutexTryAcquireLockResult tryAcquireLockResult =
+                static_cast<NamedMutexProcessData *>(processDataHeader->GetData())->TryAcquireLock(dwMilliseconds);
+            switch (tryAcquireLockResult)
+            {
+                case MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLock:
+                    dwRet = WAIT_OBJECT_0;
+                    break;
+
+                case MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned:
+                    dwRet = WAIT_ABANDONED_0;
+                    break;
+
+                case MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut:
+                    dwRet = WAIT_TIMEOUT;
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    _ASSERTE(false);
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        catch (SharedMemoryException ex)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(ex.GetErrorCode());
+        }
+        goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+    }
+
+    if (fWAll)
+    {
+        // For a wait-all operation, check for duplicate wait objects in the array. This just uses a brute-force O(n^2)
+        // algorithm, but since MAXIMUM_WAIT_OBJECTS is small, the worst case is not so bad, and the average case would involve
+        // significantly fewer items.
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < nCount - 1; ++i)
+        {
+            IPalObject *const objectToCheck = ppIPalObjs[i];
+            for (DWORD j = i + 1; j < nCount; ++j)
+            {
+                if (ppIPalObjs[j] == objectToCheck)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Duplicate handle provided for a wait-all operation [error=%u]\n", ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+                    pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+                    goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects(
+        pThread, ppIPalObjs, nCount, ppISyncWaitCtrlrs);    
+    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain ISynchWaitController interface for some or all "
+              "of the objects [error=%u]\n", palErr);
+        pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+    }
+
+    if (bAlertable)
+    {       
+        // First check for pending APC. We need to do that while holding the global
+        // synch lock implicitely grabbed by GetSynchWaitControllersForObjects
+        if (g_pSynchronizationManager->AreAPCsPending(pThread))
+        {
+            // If there is any pending APC we need to release the
+            // implicit global synch lock before calling into it
+            for (i = 0; (i < (int)nCount) && (NULL != ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]); i++)    
+            {
+                ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]->ReleaseController();
+                ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i] = NULL;
+            }
+            palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->DispatchPendingAPCs(pThread);
+            if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+            {
+                dwRet = WAIT_IO_COMPLETION;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("Awakened for APC, but no APC is pending\n");
+                pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;
+            }
+            goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+        }
+    }    
+     
+    iSignaledObjCount = 0;
+    iSignaledObjIndex = -1;
+    for (i=0;i<(int)nCount;i++)
+    {
+        bool fValue;
+        palErr = ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]->CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking(&fValue, &fAbandoned);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            ERROR("ISynchWaitController::CanThreadWaitWithoutBlocking() failed for "
+                  "%d-th object [handle=%p error=%u]\n", i, lpHandles[i], palErr);
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto WFMOExIntReleaseControllers;            
+        }
+        if (fValue)
+        {
+            iSignaledObjCount++;
+            iSignaledObjIndex = i;
+            if (!fWAll)
+                break;
+        }                
+    }
+
+    fNeedToBlock = (iSignaledObjCount == 0) || (fWAll && (iSignaledObjCount < (int)nCount));
+    if (!fNeedToBlock)
+    {
+        // At least one object signaled, or bWaitAll==TRUE and all object signaled.
+        // No need to wait, let's unsignal the object(s) and return without blocking        
+        int iStartIdx, iEndIdx;
+        
+        if (fWAll)
+        {
+            iStartIdx = 0;
+            iEndIdx = nCount;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            iStartIdx = iSignaledObjIndex;
+            iEndIdx = iStartIdx + 1;
+        }
+        
+        // Unsignal objects
+        if( iStartIdx < 0 )
+        {
+            ERROR("Buffer underflow due to iStartIdx < 0");
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;
+            goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+        }
+        for (i = iStartIdx; i < iEndIdx; i++)
+        {
+            palErr = ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]->ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking();
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {     
+                ERROR("ReleaseWaitingThreadWithoutBlocking() failed for %d-th "
+                      "object [handle=%p error=%u]\n", 
+                      i, lpHandles[i], palErr);
+                pThread->SetLastError(palErr);
+                goto WFMOExIntReleaseControllers;
+            }
+        }
+
+        dwRet = (fAbandoned ? WAIT_ABANDONED_0 : WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+    }
+    else if (0 == dwMilliseconds)
+    {
+        // Not enough objects signaled, but timeout is zero: no actual wait
+        dwRet = WAIT_TIMEOUT;
+        fNeedToBlock = false;
+    }                
+    else
+    {
+        // Register the thread for waiting on all objects
+        for (i=0;i<(int)nCount;i++)
+        {
+            palErr = ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]->RegisterWaitingThread(
+                                                        wtWaitType, 
+                                                        i,
+                                                        (TRUE == bAlertable));
+            if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+            {               
+                ERROR("RegisterWaitingThread() failed for %d-th object "
+                      "[handle=%p error=%u]\n", i, lpHandles[i], palErr);
+                pThread->SetLastError(palErr);
+                goto WFMOExIntReleaseControllers;
+            }
+        } 
+    }
+
+WFMOExIntReleaseControllers:
+    // Release all controllers before going to sleep    
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)nCount; i++)    
+    {
+        ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i]->ReleaseController();
+        ppISyncWaitCtrlrs[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+
+    if (fNeedToBlock)
+    {
+        ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeupReason;
+
+        //
+        // Going to sleep
+        //
+        palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->BlockThread(pThread, 
+                                                        dwMilliseconds, 
+                                                        (TRUE == bAlertable), 
+                                                        false,
+                                                        &twrWakeupReason, 
+                                                        (DWORD *)&iSignaledObjIndex);
+        //
+        // Awakened
+        //
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {     
+            ERROR("IPalSynchronizationManager::BlockThread failed for thread "
+                  "pThread=%p [error=%u]\n", pThread, palErr);
+            pThread->SetLastError(palErr);
+            goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+        }
+        switch (twrWakeupReason)       
+        {
+        case WaitSucceeded:
+            dwRet = WAIT_OBJECT_0; // offset added later
+            break;
+        case MutexAbondoned:
+            dwRet =  WAIT_ABANDONED_0; // offset added later
+            break;
+        case WaitTimeout:
+            dwRet = WAIT_TIMEOUT;
+            break;                
+        case Alerted:
+            _ASSERT_MSG(bAlertable, 
+                        "Awakened for APC from a non-alertable wait\n");
+
+            dwRet = WAIT_IO_COMPLETION;                
+            palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->DispatchPendingAPCs(pThread);
+
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NO_ERROR == palErr, 
+                        "Awakened for APC, but no APC is pending\n");
+            break;
+        case WaitFailed:
+        default:
+            ERROR("Thread %p awakened with some failure\n", pThread);
+            dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;                
+            break;
+        }
+    }           
+    
+    if (!fWAll && ((WAIT_OBJECT_0 == dwRet) || (WAIT_ABANDONED_0 == dwRet)))
+    {
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 <= iSignaledObjIndex,
+                    "Failed to identify signaled/abandoned object\n"); 
+        _ASSERT_MSG(iSignaledObjIndex >= 0 && nCount > static_cast<DWORD>(iSignaledObjIndex),
+                    "SignaledObjIndex object out of range "
+                    "[index=%d obj_count=%u\n", 
+                    iSignaledObjCount, nCount);
+
+        if (iSignaledObjIndex < 0)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;
+            goto WFMOExIntCleanup;
+        }
+        dwRet += iSignaledObjIndex;
+    }
+
+WFMOExIntCleanup:
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)nCount; i++)
+    {
+        ppIPalObjs[i]->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        ppIPalObjs[i] = NULL;
+    }
+    
+WFMOExIntExit:
+    if (nCount > MAXIMUM_STACK_WAITOBJ_ARRAY_SIZE)
+    {
+        InternalDeleteArray(ppIPalObjs);
+        InternalDeleteArray(ppISyncWaitCtrlrs);
+    }
+    
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
+DWORD CorUnix::InternalSleepEx (
+    CPalThread * pThread,
+    DWORD dwMilliseconds,
+    BOOL bAlertable)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palErr = NO_ERROR;
+    DWORD dwRet = WAIT_FAILED;
+    int iSignaledObjIndex;
+
+    TRACE("Sleeping %u ms [bAlertable=%d]", dwMilliseconds, (int)bAlertable);
+
+    if (bAlertable)
+    {
+        // In this case do not use AreAPCsPending. In fact, since we are
+        // not holding the synch lock(s) an APC posting may race with
+        // AreAPCsPending. 
+        palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->DispatchPendingAPCs(pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR == palErr)
+        {
+            return WAIT_IO_COMPLETION;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (dwMilliseconds > 0)
+    {
+        ThreadWakeupReason twrWakeupReason;
+        palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->BlockThread(pThread,
+                                                        dwMilliseconds,
+                                                        (TRUE == bAlertable),
+                                                        true,
+                                                        &twrWakeupReason,
+                                                        (DWORD *)&iSignaledObjIndex);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palErr)
+        {
+            ERROR("IPalSynchronizationManager::BlockThread failed for thread "
+                  "pThread=%p [error=%u]\n", pThread, palErr);
+            return dwRet;
+        }
+
+        switch (twrWakeupReason)
+        {
+        case WaitSucceeded:
+        case WaitTimeout:
+            dwRet = 0;
+            break;
+        case Alerted:
+            _ASSERT_MSG(bAlertable, "Awakened for APC from a non-alertable wait\n");
+
+            dwRet = WAIT_IO_COMPLETION;
+            palErr = g_pSynchronizationManager->DispatchPendingAPCs(pThread);
+            _ASSERT_MSG(NO_ERROR == palErr, "Awakened for APC, but no APC is pending\n");
+
+            break;
+        case MutexAbondoned:
+            ASSERT("Thread %p awakened with reason=MutexAbondoned from a SleepEx\n", pThread);
+            break;
+        case WaitFailed:
+        default:
+            ERROR("Thread %p awakened with some failure\n", pThread);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dwRet = 0;
+    }
+
+    TRACE("Done sleeping %u ms [bAlertable=%d]", dwMilliseconds, (int)bAlertable);
+    return dwRet;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchobj/event.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchobj/event.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..54addad51c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchobj/event.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,589 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    event.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of event synchronization object as described in 
+    the WIN32 API
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/event.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/* ------------------- Definitions ------------------------------*/
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC);
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otManualResetEvent(
+                otiManualResetEvent,
+                NULL,   // No cleanup routine
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                0,      // No immutable data
+                0,      // No process local data
+                0,      // No shared data
+                EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, // Currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::ObjectCanBeUnsignaled,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects,
+                CObjectType::NoOwner
+                );
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otAutoResetEvent(
+                otiAutoResetEvent,
+                NULL,   // No cleanup routine
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                0,      // No immutable data
+                0,      // No process local data
+                0,      // No shared data
+                EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, // Currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::ObjectCanBeUnsignaled,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount,
+                CObjectType::NoOwner
+                );
+
+PalObjectTypeId rgEventIds[] = {otiManualResetEvent, otiAutoResetEvent};
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotEvent(rgEventIds, sizeof(rgEventIds)/sizeof(rgEventIds[0]));
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateEventA
+
+Note:
+  lpEventAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to event objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateEventA(
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
+         IN BOOL bManualReset,
+         IN BOOL bInitialState,
+         IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hEvent = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateEventA);
+    ENTRY("CreateEventA(lpEventAttr=%p, bManualReset=%d, bInitialState=%d, lpName=%p (%s)\n",
+          lpEventAttributes, bManualReset, bInitialState, lpName, lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = InternalCreateEvent(
+            pthr,
+            lpEventAttributes,
+            bManualReset,
+            bInitialState,
+            NULL,
+            &hEvent
+            );
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("CreateEventA returns HANDLE %p\n", hEvent);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateEventA);
+    return hEvent;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateEventW
+
+Note:
+  lpEventAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to event objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:  
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateEventW(
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
+         IN BOOL bManualReset,
+         IN BOOL bInitialState,
+         IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hEvent = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateEventW);
+    ENTRY("CreateEventW(lpEventAttr=%p, bManualReset=%d, "
+          "bInitialState=%d, lpName=%p (%S)\n", lpEventAttributes, bManualReset, 
+           bInitialState, lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateEvent(
+        pthr,
+        lpEventAttributes, 
+        bManualReset,
+        bInitialState,
+        lpName,
+        &hEvent
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateEventW returns HANDLE %p\n", hEvent);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateEventW);
+    return hEvent;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalCreateEvent
+
+Note:
+  lpEventAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to event objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated event handle
+
+  See MSDN docs on CreateEvent for all other parameters
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateEvent(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
+    BOOL bManualReset,
+    BOOL bInitialState,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phEvent
+    )
+{
+    CObjectAttributes oa(lpName, lpEventAttributes);
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjEvent = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjRegisteredEvent = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phEvent);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalCreateEvent(pthr=%p, lpEventAttributes=%p, bManualReset=%i, "
+        "bInitialState=%i, lpName=%p, phEvent=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        lpEventAttributes,
+        bManualReset,
+        bInitialState,
+        lpName,
+        phEvent
+        );
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        goto InternalCreateEventExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        bManualReset ? &otManualResetEvent : &otAutoResetEvent,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjEvent
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateEventExit;
+    }
+
+    if (bInitialState)
+    {
+        ISynchStateController *pssc;
+
+        palError = pobjEvent->GetSynchStateController(
+            pthr,
+            &pssc
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            palError = pssc->SetSignalCount(1);
+            pssc->ReleaseController();
+        }
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to set new event state (%d)\n", palError);
+            goto InternalCreateEventExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjEvent,
+        &aotEvent, 
+        EVENT_ALL_ACCESS, // Currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+        phEvent,
+        &pobjRegisteredEvent
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjEvent is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+    
+    pobjEvent = NULL;
+
+InternalCreateEventExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjEvent)
+    {
+        pobjEvent->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjRegisteredEvent)
+    {
+        pobjRegisteredEvent->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalCreateEvent returns %i\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetEvent
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetEvent(
+     IN HANDLE hEvent)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetEvent);
+    ENTRY("SetEvent(hEvent=%p)\n", hEvent);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    palError = InternalSetEvent(pthr, hEvent, TRUE);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("SetEvent returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(SetEvent);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ResetEvent
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ResetEvent(
+       IN HANDLE hEvent)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ResetEvent);
+    ENTRY("ResetEvent(hEvent=%p)\n", hEvent);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalSetEvent(pthr, hEvent, FALSE);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("ResetEvent returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(ResetEvent);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalCreateEvent
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  hEvent -- handle to the event to set
+  fSetEvent -- if TRUE, set the event; if FALSE, reset it
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalSetEvent(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hEvent,
+    BOOL fSetEvent
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjEvent = NULL;
+    ISynchStateController *pssc = NULL;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalSetEvent(pthr=%p, hEvent=%p, fSetEvent=%i\n",
+        pthr,
+        hEvent,
+        fSetEvent
+        );
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pthr,
+        hEvent,
+        &aotEvent,
+        0, // Should be EVENT_MODIFY_STATE; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+        &pobjEvent
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain object for handle %p (error %d)!\n", hEvent, palError);
+        goto InternalSetEventExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjEvent->GetSynchStateController(
+        pthr,
+        &pssc
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d obtaining synch state controller\n", palError);
+        goto InternalSetEventExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pssc->SetSignalCount(fSetEvent ? 1 : 0);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d setting event state\n", palError);
+        goto InternalSetEventExit;
+    }
+
+InternalSetEventExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pssc)
+    {
+        pssc->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjEvent)
+    {
+        pobjEvent->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalSetEvent returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+// TODO: Implementation of OpenEventA() doesn't exist, do we need it? More generally, do we need the A versions at all?
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenEventW
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to events are not inheritable)
+
+Parameters:  
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenEventW(
+       IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+       IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+       IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hEvent = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenEventW);
+    ENTRY("OpenEventW(dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%S))\n", 
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("name is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto OpenEventWExit;            
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+OpenEventWExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("OpenEventW returns HANDLE %p\n", hEvent);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenEventW);
+
+    return hEvent;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalOpenEvent
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to events are not inheritable)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated event handle
+  
+  See MSDN docs on OpenEvent for all other parameters.
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalOpenEvent(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    BOOL bInheritHandle,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phEvent
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjEvent = NULL;
+    CPalString sObjectName(lpName);
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != lpName);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phEvent);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalOpenEvent(pthr=%p, dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, "
+        "lpName=%p, phEvent=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        lpName,
+        phEvent
+        );
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->LocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        &sObjectName,
+        &aotEvent,
+        &pobjEvent
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalOpenEventExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjEvent,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        NULL,
+        phEvent
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalOpenEventExit;
+    }
+
+InternalOpenEventExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjEvent)
+    {
+        pobjEvent->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalOpenEvent returns %d\n", palError);
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchobj/mutex.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchobj/mutex.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d929eaa472
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchobj/mutex.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1584 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    mutex.ccpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of mutex synchroniztion object as described in 
+    the WIN32 API
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/mutex.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+#include "../synchmgr/synchmanager.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "pal/sharedmemory.inl"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/* ------------------- Definitions ------------------------------*/
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otMutex(
+                otiMutex,
+                NULL,   // No cleanup routine
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                0,      // No immutable data
+                0,      // No process local data
+                0,      // No shared data
+                0,      // Should be MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::ObjectCanBeUnsignaled,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount,
+                CObjectType::OwnershipTracked
+                );
+
+static CAllowedObjectTypes aotMutex(otiMutex);
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otNamedMutex(
+                otiNamedMutex,
+                &SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_Close, // Cleanup routine
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                sizeof(SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *), // Immutable data
+                0,      // No process local data
+                0,      // No shared data
+                0,      // Should be MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject, // PAL's naming infrastructure is not used
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::UnwaitableObject, // PAL's waiting infrastructure is not used
+                CObjectType::SignalingNotApplicable, // PAL's signaling infrastructure is not used
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseNotApplicable, // PAL's signaling infrastructure is not used
+                CObjectType::OwnershipNotApplicable // PAL's ownership infrastructure is not used
+                );
+
+static CAllowedObjectTypes aotNamedMutex(otiNamedMutex);
+
+static PalObjectTypeId anyMutexTypeIds[] = {otiMutex, otiNamedMutex};
+static CAllowedObjectTypes aotAnyMutex(anyMutexTypeIds, _countof(anyMutexTypeIds));
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateMutexA
+
+Note:
+  lpMutexAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to mutex objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateMutexA(
+    IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpMutexAttributes,
+    IN BOOL bInitialOwner,
+    IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hMutex = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateMutexA);
+    ENTRY("CreateMutexA(lpMutexAttr=%p, bInitialOwner=%d, lpName=%p (%s)\n",
+          lpMutexAttributes, bInitialOwner, lpName, lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    palError = InternalCreateMutex(
+        pthr,
+        lpMutexAttributes,
+        bInitialOwner,
+        lpName,
+        &hMutex
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("CreateMutexA returns HANDLE %p\n", hMutex);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateMutexA);
+    return hMutex;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateMutexW
+
+Note:
+  lpMutexAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to mutex objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateMutexW(
+    IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpMutexAttributes,
+    IN BOOL bInitialOwner,
+    IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hMutex = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    char utf8Name[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_NAME_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateMutexW);
+    ENTRY("CreateMutexW(lpMutexAttr=%p, bInitialOwner=%d, lpName=%p (%S)\n",
+          lpMutexAttributes, bInitialOwner, lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        int bytesWritten = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName, -1, utf8Name, _countof(utf8Name), nullptr, nullptr);
+        if (bytesWritten == 0)
+        {
+            DWORD errorCode = GetLastError();
+            if (errorCode == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+            {
+                palError = static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameTooLong);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed (%u)\n", errorCode);
+                palError = errorCode;
+            }
+            goto CreateMutexWExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = InternalCreateMutex(
+        pthr,
+        lpMutexAttributes,
+        bInitialOwner,
+        lpName == nullptr ? nullptr : utf8Name,
+        &hMutex
+        );
+
+CreateMutexWExit:
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateMutexW returns HANDLE %p\n", hMutex);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateMutexW);
+    return hMutex;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalCreateMutex
+
+Note:
+  lpMutexAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to mutex objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated mutex handle
+
+  See MSDN docs on CreateMutex for all other parameters
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateMutex(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpMutexAttributes,
+    BOOL bInitialOwner,
+    LPCSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phMutex
+    )
+{
+    CObjectAttributes oa(nullptr, lpMutexAttributes);
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjMutex = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjRegisteredMutex = NULL;
+    ISynchStateController *pssc = NULL;
+    HANDLE hMutex = nullptr;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phMutex);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalCreateMutex(pthr=%p, lpMutexAttributes=%p, bInitialOwner=%d"
+        ", lpName=%p, phMutex=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        lpMutexAttributes,
+        bInitialOwner,
+        lpName,
+        phMutex
+        );
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr && lpName[0] == '\0')
+    {
+        // Empty name is treated as a request for an unnamed process-local mutex
+        lpName = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    CObjectType *ot = lpName == nullptr ? &otMutex : &otNamedMutex;
+    CAllowedObjectTypes *aot = lpName == nullptr ? &aotMutex : &aotNamedMutex;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        ot,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjMutex
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateMutexExit;
+    }
+
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        palError = pobjMutex->GetSynchStateController(
+            pthr,
+            &pssc
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to create state controller (%d)\n", palError);
+            goto InternalCreateMutexExit;
+        }
+
+        if (bInitialOwner)
+        {
+            palError = pssc->SetOwner(pthr);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            palError = pssc->SetSignalCount(1);
+        }
+
+        pssc->ReleaseController();
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to set initial mutex state (%d)\n", palError);
+            goto InternalCreateMutexExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjMutex,
+        aot,
+        0, // should be MUTEX_ALL_ACCESS -- currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+        &hMutex,
+        &pobjRegisteredMutex
+        );
+
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(palError != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS); // PAL's naming infrastructure is not used for named mutexes
+        _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == nullptr);
+        _ASSERTE(hMutex == nullptr);
+        goto InternalCreateMutexExit;
+    }
+
+    // Now that the object has been registered successfully, it would have a reference associated with the handle, so release
+    // the initial reference. Any errors from now on need to revoke the handle.
+    _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == pobjMutex);
+    _ASSERTE(hMutex != nullptr);
+    pobjMutex->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    pobjRegisteredMutex = nullptr;
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader;
+        bool created = false;
+        try
+        {
+            processDataHeader = NamedMutexProcessData::CreateOrOpen(lpName, !!bInitialOwner, &created);
+        }
+        catch (SharedMemoryException ex)
+        {
+            palError = ex.GetErrorCode();
+            goto InternalCreateMutexExit;
+        }
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_SetProcessDataHeader(pobjMutex, processDataHeader);
+
+        if (!created)
+        {
+            // Indicate to the caller that an existing mutex was opened, and hence the caller will not have initial ownership
+            // of the mutex if requested through bInitialOwner
+            palError = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *phMutex = hMutex;
+    hMutex = nullptr;
+    pobjMutex = nullptr;
+
+InternalCreateMutexExit:
+
+    _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == nullptr);
+    if (hMutex != nullptr)
+    {
+        g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pthr, hMutex);
+    }
+    else if (NULL != pobjMutex)
+    {
+        pobjMutex->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalCreateMutex returns %i\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReleaseMutex
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReleaseMutex( IN HANDLE hMutex )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReleaseMutex);
+    ENTRY("ReleaseMutex(hMutex=%p)\n", hMutex);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    palError = InternalReleaseMutex(pthr, hMutex);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("ReleaseMutex returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(ReleaseMutex);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalReleaseMutex
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+
+  See MSDN docs on ReleaseMutex for all other parameters
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalReleaseMutex(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hMutex
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjMutex = NULL;
+    ISynchStateController *pssc = NULL;
+    PalObjectTypeId objectTypeId;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalReleaseMutex(pthr=%p, hMutex=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        hMutex
+        );
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pthr,
+        hMutex,
+        &aotAnyMutex,
+        0, // should be MUTEX_MODIFY_STATE -- current ignored (no Win32 security)
+        &pobjMutex
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain object for handle %p (error %d)!\n", hMutex, palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseMutexExit;
+    }
+
+    objectTypeId = pobjMutex->GetObjectType()->GetId();
+    if (objectTypeId == otiMutex)
+    {
+        palError = pobjMutex->GetSynchStateController(
+            pthr,
+            &pssc
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Error %d obtaining synch state controller\n", palError);
+            goto InternalReleaseMutexExit;
+        }
+
+        palError = pssc->DecrementOwnershipCount();
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ERROR("Error %d decrementing mutex ownership count\n", palError);
+            goto InternalReleaseMutexExit;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(objectTypeId == otiNamedMutex);
+
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader =
+            SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_GetProcessDataHeader(pobjMutex);
+        _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+        try
+        {
+            static_cast<NamedMutexProcessData *>(processDataHeader->GetData())->ReleaseLock();
+        }
+        catch (SharedMemoryException ex)
+        {
+            palError = ex.GetErrorCode();
+            goto InternalReleaseMutexExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+InternalReleaseMutexExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pssc)
+    {
+        pssc->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjMutex)
+    {
+        pobjMutex->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalReleaseMutex returns %i\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenMutexA
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to mutexes are not inheritable)
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenMutexA (
+       IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+       IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+       IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hMutex = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenMutexA);
+    ENTRY("OpenMutexA(dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%s))\n", 
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName, lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("name is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto OpenMutexAExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = InternalOpenMutex(pthr, dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName, &hMutex);
+
+OpenMutexAExit:
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+        
+    LOGEXIT("OpenMutexA returns HANDLE %p\n", hMutex);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenMutexA);
+    return hMutex;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenMutexW
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to mutexes are not inheritable)
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenMutexW(
+       IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+       IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+       IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hMutex = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    char utf8Name[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_NAME_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenMutexW);
+    ENTRY("OpenMutexW(dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%S))\n", 
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("name is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto OpenMutexWExit;
+    }
+
+    {
+        int bytesWritten = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpName, -1, utf8Name, _countof(utf8Name), nullptr, nullptr);
+        if (bytesWritten == 0)
+        {
+            DWORD errorCode = GetLastError();
+            if (errorCode == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+            {
+                palError = static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::NameTooLong);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failed (%u)\n", errorCode);
+                palError = errorCode;
+            }
+            goto OpenMutexWExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = InternalOpenMutex(pthr, dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName == nullptr ? nullptr : utf8Name, &hMutex);
+
+OpenMutexWExit:
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("OpenMutexW returns HANDLE %p\n", hMutex);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenMutexW);
+
+    return hMutex;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalOpenMutex
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to mutexes are not inheritable)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated mutex handle
+  
+  See MSDN docs on OpenMutex for all other parameters.
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalOpenMutex(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    BOOL bInheritHandle,
+    LPCSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phMutex
+    )
+{
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjMutex = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjRegisteredMutex = NULL;
+    HANDLE hMutex = nullptr;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != lpName);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phMutex);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalOpenMutex(pthr=%p, dwDesiredAcces=%d, bInheritHandle=%d, "
+        "lpName=%p, phMutex=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        lpName,
+        phMutex
+        );
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        &otNamedMutex,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjMutex
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalOpenMutexExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjMutex,
+        &aotNamedMutex,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        &hMutex,
+        &pobjRegisteredMutex
+        );
+
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(palError != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS); // PAL's naming infrastructure is not used for named mutexes
+        _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == nullptr);
+        _ASSERTE(hMutex == nullptr);
+        goto InternalOpenMutexExit;
+    }
+
+    // Now that the object has been registered successfully, it would have a reference associated with the handle, so release
+    // the initial reference. Any errors from now on need to revoke the handle.
+    _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == pobjMutex);
+    _ASSERTE(hMutex != nullptr);
+    pobjMutex->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    pobjRegisteredMutex = nullptr;
+
+    {
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader;
+        try
+        {
+            processDataHeader = NamedMutexProcessData::Open(lpName);
+        }
+        catch (SharedMemoryException ex)
+        {
+            palError = ex.GetErrorCode();
+            goto InternalOpenMutexExit;
+        }
+        if (processDataHeader == nullptr)
+        {
+            palError = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+            goto InternalOpenMutexExit;
+        }
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::PalObject_SetProcessDataHeader(pobjMutex, processDataHeader);
+    }
+
+    *phMutex = hMutex;
+    hMutex = nullptr;
+    pobjMutex = nullptr;
+
+InternalOpenMutexExit:
+
+    _ASSERTE(pobjRegisteredMutex == nullptr);
+    if (hMutex != nullptr)
+    {
+        g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pthr, hMutex);
+    }
+    else if (NULL != pobjMutex)
+    {
+        pobjMutex->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalCreateMutex returns %i\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/* Basic spinlock implementation */
+void SPINLOCKAcquire (LONG * lock, unsigned int flags)
+{
+    size_t loop_seed = 1, loop_count = 0;
+
+    if (flags & SYNCSPINLOCK_F_ASYMMETRIC)
+    {
+        loop_seed = ((size_t)pthread_self() % 10) + 1;
+    }
+    while (InterlockedCompareExchange(lock, 1, 0))
+    {
+        if (!(flags & SYNCSPINLOCK_F_ASYMMETRIC) || (++loop_count % loop_seed))
+        {
+#if PAL_IGNORE_NORMAL_THREAD_PRIORITY
+            struct timespec tsSleepTime;
+            tsSleepTime.tv_sec = 0;
+            tsSleepTime.tv_nsec = 1;
+            nanosleep(&tsSleepTime, NULL);
+#else
+            sched_yield();
+#endif 
+        }
+    }
+    
+}
+
+void SPINLOCKRelease (LONG * lock)
+{
+    *lock = 0;
+}
+
+DWORD SPINLOCKTryAcquire (LONG * lock)
+{
+    return InterlockedCompareExchange(lock, 1, 0);
+    // only returns 0 or 1.
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MutexHelpers
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+void MutexHelpers::InitializeProcessSharedRobustRecursiveMutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(mutex != nullptr);
+
+    struct AutoCleanup
+    {
+        pthread_mutexattr_t *m_mutexAttributes;
+
+        AutoCleanup() : m_mutexAttributes(nullptr)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~AutoCleanup()
+        {
+            if (m_mutexAttributes != nullptr)
+            {
+                int error = pthread_mutexattr_destroy(m_mutexAttributes);
+                _ASSERTE(error == 0);
+            }
+        }
+    } autoCleanup;
+
+    pthread_mutexattr_t mutexAttributes;
+    int error = pthread_mutexattr_init(&mutexAttributes);
+    if (error != 0)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+    }
+    autoCleanup.m_mutexAttributes = &mutexAttributes;
+
+    error = pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED);
+    _ASSERTE(error == 0);
+
+    error = pthread_mutexattr_setrobust(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_MUTEX_ROBUST);
+    _ASSERTE(error == 0);
+
+    error = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&mutexAttributes, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE);
+    _ASSERTE(error == 0);
+
+    error = pthread_mutex_init(mutex, &mutexAttributes);
+    if (error != 0)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(error == EPERM ? SharedMemoryError::IO : SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+    }
+}
+
+void MutexHelpers::DestroyMutex(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(mutex != nullptr);
+
+    int error = pthread_mutex_destroy(mutex);
+    _ASSERTE(error == 0 || error == EBUSY); // the error will be EBUSY if the mutex is locked
+}
+
+MutexTryAcquireLockResult MutexHelpers::TryAcquireLock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, DWORD timeoutMilliseconds)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(mutex != nullptr);
+
+    int lockResult;
+    switch (timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        case static_cast<DWORD>(-1):
+            lockResult = pthread_mutex_lock(mutex);
+            break;
+
+        case 0:
+            lockResult = pthread_mutex_trylock(mutex);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+        {
+            struct timespec timeoutTime;
+            PAL_ERROR palError = CPalSynchronizationManager::GetAbsoluteTimeout(timeoutMilliseconds, &timeoutTime);
+            _ASSERTE(palError == NO_ERROR);
+            lockResult = pthread_mutex_timedlock(mutex, &timeoutTime);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    switch (lockResult)
+    {
+        case 0:
+            return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLock;
+
+        case EBUSY:
+            _ASSERTE(timeoutMilliseconds == 0);
+            return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut;
+
+        case ETIMEDOUT:
+            _ASSERTE(timeoutMilliseconds != static_cast<DWORD>(-1));
+            _ASSERTE(timeoutMilliseconds != 0);
+            return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut;
+
+        case EOWNERDEAD:
+        {
+            int setConsistentResult = pthread_mutex_consistent(mutex);
+            _ASSERTE(setConsistentResult == 0);
+            return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned;
+        }
+
+        case EAGAIN:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(NamedMutexError::MaximumRecursiveLocksReached));
+
+        default:
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(NamedMutexError::Unknown));
+    }
+}
+
+void MutexHelpers::ReleaseLock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(mutex != nullptr);
+
+    int unlockResult = pthread_mutex_unlock(mutex);
+    _ASSERTE(unlockResult == 0);
+}
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// NamedMutexSharedData
+
+NamedMutexSharedData::NamedMutexSharedData()
+    :
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    m_timedWaiterCount(0),
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    m_lockOwnerProcessId(SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidProcessId),
+    m_lockOwnerThreadId(SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidSharedThreadId),
+    m_isAbandoned(false)
+{
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    static_assert_no_msg(sizeof(m_timedWaiterCount) == sizeof(LONG)); // for interlocked operations
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    MutexHelpers::InitializeProcessSharedRobustRecursiveMutex(&m_lock);
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+}
+
+NamedMutexSharedData::~NamedMutexSharedData()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    MutexHelpers::DestroyMutex(&m_lock);
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+}
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+pthread_mutex_t *NamedMutexSharedData::GetLock()
+{
+    return &m_lock;
+}
+#else // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+bool NamedMutexSharedData::HasAnyTimedWaiters() const
+{
+    return
+        InterlockedCompareExchange(
+            const_cast<LONG *>(reinterpret_cast<const LONG *>(&m_timedWaiterCount)),
+            -1 /* Exchange */,
+            -1 /* Comparand */) != 0;
+}
+
+void NamedMutexSharedData::IncTimedWaiterCount()
+{
+    ULONG newValue = InterlockedIncrement(reinterpret_cast<LONG *>(&m_timedWaiterCount));
+    if (newValue == 0)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::OutOfMemory));
+    }
+}
+
+void NamedMutexSharedData::DecTimedWaiterCount()
+{
+    ULONG newValue = InterlockedDecrement(reinterpret_cast<LONG *>(&m_timedWaiterCount));
+    _ASSERTE(newValue + 1 != 0);
+}
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+bool NamedMutexSharedData::IsAbandoned() const
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+    return m_isAbandoned;
+}
+
+void NamedMutexSharedData::SetIsAbandoned(bool isAbandoned)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+    _ASSERTE(m_isAbandoned != isAbandoned);
+
+    m_isAbandoned = isAbandoned;
+}
+
+bool NamedMutexSharedData::IsLockOwnedByAnyThread() const
+{
+    return
+        m_lockOwnerProcessId != SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidProcessId ||
+        m_lockOwnerThreadId != SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidSharedThreadId;
+}
+
+bool NamedMutexSharedData::IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread() const
+{
+    return m_lockOwnerProcessId == GetCurrentProcessId() && m_lockOwnerThreadId == THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void NamedMutexSharedData::SetLockOwnerToCurrentThread()
+{
+    m_lockOwnerProcessId = GetCurrentProcessId();
+    _ASSERTE(m_lockOwnerProcessId != SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidProcessId);
+    m_lockOwnerThreadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+    _ASSERTE(m_lockOwnerThreadId != SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidSharedThreadId);
+}
+
+void NamedMutexSharedData::ClearLockOwner()
+{
+    _ASSERTE(IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+
+    m_lockOwnerProcessId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidProcessId;
+    m_lockOwnerThreadId = SharedMemoryHelpers::InvalidSharedThreadId;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// NamedMutexProcessData
+
+// This value should only be incremented if a non-backward-compatible change to the sync system is made. A process would fail to
+// open a mutex created with a different sync system version.
+const UINT8 NamedMutexProcessData::SyncSystemVersion = 1;
+
+const DWORD NamedMutexProcessData::PollLoopMaximumSleepMilliseconds = 100;
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *NamedMutexProcessData::CreateOrOpen(LPCSTR name, bool acquireLockIfCreated, bool *createdRef)
+{
+    return CreateOrOpen(name, true /* createIfNotExist */, acquireLockIfCreated, createdRef);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *NamedMutexProcessData::Open(LPCSTR name)
+{
+    return CreateOrOpen(name, false /* createIfNotExist */, false /* acquireLockIfCreated */, nullptr /* createdRef */);
+}
+
+SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *NamedMutexProcessData::CreateOrOpen(
+    LPCSTR name,
+    bool createIfNotExist,
+    bool acquireLockIfCreated,
+    bool *createdRef)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(name != nullptr);
+    _ASSERTE(createIfNotExist || !acquireLockIfCreated);
+
+    struct AutoCleanup
+    {
+        bool m_acquiredCreationDeletionProcessLock;
+        bool m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock;
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *m_processDataHeader;
+    #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+        char *m_lockFilePath;
+        SIZE_T m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount;
+        bool m_createdLockFile;
+        int m_lockFileDescriptor;
+    #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+        bool m_cancel;
+
+        AutoCleanup()
+            : m_acquiredCreationDeletionProcessLock(false),
+            m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock(false),
+            m_processDataHeader(nullptr),
+        #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+            m_lockFilePath(nullptr),
+            m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount(0),
+            m_createdLockFile(false),
+            m_lockFileDescriptor(-1),
+        #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+            m_cancel(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~AutoCleanup()
+        {
+        #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+            if (!m_cancel)
+            {
+                if (m_lockFileDescriptor != -1)
+                {
+                    SharedMemoryHelpers::CloseFile(m_lockFileDescriptor);
+                }
+
+                if (m_createdLockFile)
+                {
+                    _ASSERTE(m_lockFilePath != nullptr);
+                    unlink(m_lockFilePath);
+                }
+
+                if (m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount != 0)
+                {
+                    _ASSERTE(m_lockFilePath != nullptr);
+                    m_lockFilePath[m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount] = '\0';
+                    rmdir(m_lockFilePath);
+                }
+            }
+        #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+            if (m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock)
+            {
+                SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionFileLock();
+            }
+
+            if (!m_cancel && m_processDataHeader != nullptr)
+            {
+                _ASSERTE(m_acquiredCreationDeletionProcessLock);
+                m_processDataHeader->DecRefCount();
+            }
+
+            if (m_acquiredCreationDeletionProcessLock)
+            {
+                SharedMemoryManager::ReleaseCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+            }
+        }
+    } autoCleanup;
+
+    SharedMemoryManager::AcquireCreationDeletionProcessLock();
+    autoCleanup.m_acquiredCreationDeletionProcessLock = true;
+
+    // Create or open the shared memory
+    bool created;
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader =
+        SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader::CreateOrOpen(
+            name,
+            SharedMemorySharedDataHeader(SharedMemoryType::Mutex, SyncSystemVersion),
+            sizeof(NamedMutexSharedData),
+            createIfNotExist,
+            &created);
+    if (createdRef != nullptr)
+    {
+        *createdRef = created;
+    }
+    if (created)
+    {
+        // If the shared memory file was created, the creation/deletion file lock would have been acquired so that we can
+        // initialize the shared data
+        autoCleanup.m_acquiredCreationDeletionFileLock = true;
+    }
+    if (processDataHeader == nullptr)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!createIfNotExist);
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+    autoCleanup.m_processDataHeader = processDataHeader;
+
+    if (created)
+    {
+        // Initialize the shared data
+        new(processDataHeader->GetSharedDataHeader()->GetData()) NamedMutexSharedData;
+    }
+
+    if (processDataHeader->GetData() == nullptr)
+    {
+    #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+        // Create the lock files directory
+        char lockFilePath[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+        SIZE_T lockFilePathCharCount =
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(lockFilePath, 0, SHARED_MEMORY_LOCK_FILES_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+        if (created)
+        {
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(lockFilePath, true /* isGlobalLockAcquired */);
+        }
+
+        // Create the session directory
+        lockFilePath[lockFilePathCharCount++] = '/';
+        SharedMemoryId *id = processDataHeader->GetId();
+        lockFilePathCharCount = id->AppendSessionDirectoryName(lockFilePath, lockFilePathCharCount);
+        if (created)
+        {
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::EnsureDirectoryExists(lockFilePath, true /* isGlobalLockAcquired */);
+            autoCleanup.m_lockFilePath = lockFilePath;
+            autoCleanup.m_sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = lockFilePathCharCount;
+        }
+
+        // Create or open the lock file
+        lockFilePath[lockFilePathCharCount++] = '/';
+        lockFilePathCharCount =
+            SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(lockFilePath, lockFilePathCharCount, id->GetName(), id->GetNameCharCount());
+        int lockFileDescriptor = SharedMemoryHelpers::CreateOrOpenFile(lockFilePath, created);
+        if (lockFileDescriptor == -1)
+        {
+            _ASSERTE(!created);
+            if (createIfNotExist)
+            {
+                throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(SharedMemoryError::IO));
+            }
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        autoCleanup.m_createdLockFile = created;
+        autoCleanup.m_lockFileDescriptor = lockFileDescriptor;
+    #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+        // Create the process data
+        void *processDataBuffer = SharedMemoryHelpers::Alloc(sizeof(NamedMutexProcessData));
+        AutoFreeBuffer autoFreeProcessDataBuffer(processDataBuffer);
+        NamedMutexProcessData *processData =
+            new(processDataBuffer)
+            NamedMutexProcessData(
+                processDataHeader
+            #if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+                ,
+                lockFileDescriptor
+            #endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+            );
+        autoFreeProcessDataBuffer.Cancel();
+        processDataHeader->SetData(processData);
+
+        // If the mutex was created and if requested, acquire the lock initially while holding the creation/deletion locks
+        if (created && acquireLockIfCreated)
+        {
+            MutexTryAcquireLockResult tryAcquireLockResult = processData->TryAcquireLock(0);
+            _ASSERTE(tryAcquireLockResult == MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLock);
+        }
+    }
+
+    autoCleanup.m_cancel = true;
+    return processDataHeader;
+}
+
+NamedMutexProcessData::NamedMutexProcessData(
+    SharedMemoryProcessDataHeader *processDataHeader
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    ,
+    int sharedLockFileDescriptor
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+)
+    :
+    m_processDataHeader(processDataHeader),
+    m_lockCount(0),
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    m_sharedLockFileDescriptor(sharedLockFileDescriptor),
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    m_lockOwnerThread(nullptr),
+    m_nextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(nullptr)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(processDataHeader != nullptr);
+
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    _ASSERTE(sharedLockFileDescriptor != -1);
+
+    m_processLockHandle = CreateMutex(nullptr /* lpMutexAttributes */, false /* bInitialOwner */, nullptr /* lpName */);
+    if (m_processLockHandle == nullptr)
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(GetLastError());
+    }
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::Close(bool isAbruptShutdown, bool releaseSharedData)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionProcessLockAcquired());
+    _ASSERTE(!releaseSharedData || SharedMemoryManager::IsCreationDeletionFileLockAcquired());
+
+    // If the process is shutting down abruptly without having closed some mutexes, there could still be threads running with
+    // active references to the mutex. So when shutting down abruptly, don't clean up any object or global process-local state.
+    if (!isAbruptShutdown)
+    {
+        CPalThread *lockOwnerThread = m_lockOwnerThread;
+        if (lockOwnerThread != nullptr)
+        {
+            // The mutex was not released before it was closed. If the lock is owned by the current thread, abandon the mutex.
+            // In both cases, clean up the owner thread's list of owned mutexes.
+            lockOwnerThread->synchronizationInfo.RemoveOwnedNamedMutex(this);
+            if (lockOwnerThread == GetCurrentPalThread())
+            {
+                Abandon();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                m_lockOwnerThread = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (releaseSharedData)
+        {
+            GetSharedData()->~NamedMutexSharedData();
+        }
+    }
+
+#if !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    if (!isAbruptShutdown)
+    {
+        CloseHandle(m_processLockHandle);
+        SharedMemoryHelpers::CloseFile(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor);
+    }
+
+    if (!releaseSharedData)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Delete the lock file, and the session directory if it's not empty
+    char path[SHARED_MEMORY_MAX_FILE_PATH_CHAR_COUNT + 1];
+    SIZE_T sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, 0, SHARED_MEMORY_LOCK_FILES_DIRECTORY_PATH);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount++] = '/';
+    SharedMemoryId *id = m_processDataHeader->GetId();
+    sessionDirectoryPathCharCount = id->AppendSessionDirectoryName(path, sessionDirectoryPathCharCount);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount++] = '/';
+    SharedMemoryHelpers::CopyString(path, sessionDirectoryPathCharCount, id->GetName(), id->GetNameCharCount());
+    unlink(path);
+    path[sessionDirectoryPathCharCount] = '\0';
+    rmdir(path);
+#endif // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+}
+
+NamedMutexSharedData *NamedMutexProcessData::GetSharedData() const
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<NamedMutexSharedData *>(m_processDataHeader->GetSharedDataHeader()->GetData());
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::SetLockOwnerThread(CorUnix::CPalThread *lockOwnerThread)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(lockOwnerThread == nullptr || lockOwnerThread == GetCurrentPalThread());
+    _ASSERTE(GetSharedData()->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+
+    m_lockOwnerThread = lockOwnerThread;
+}
+
+NamedMutexProcessData *NamedMutexProcessData::GetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList() const
+{
+    return m_nextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList;
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::SetNextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList(NamedMutexProcessData *next)
+{
+    m_nextInThreadOwnedNamedMutexList = next;
+}
+
+MutexTryAcquireLockResult NamedMutexProcessData::TryAcquireLock(DWORD timeoutMilliseconds)
+{
+    NamedMutexSharedData *sharedData = GetSharedData();
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    MutexTryAcquireLockResult result = MutexHelpers::TryAcquireLock(sharedData->GetLock(), timeoutMilliseconds);
+    if (result == MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut)
+    {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Check if a recursive lock was just taken. The recursion level is tracked manually so that the lock owner can be cleared
+    // at the appropriate time, see ReleaseLock().
+    if (m_lockCount != 0)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(sharedData->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread()); // otherwise, this thread would not have acquired the lock
+        _ASSERTE(GetCurrentPalThread()->synchronizationInfo.OwnsNamedMutex(this));
+
+        if (m_lockCount + 1 < m_lockCount)
+        {
+            MutexHelpers::ReleaseLock(sharedData->GetLock());
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(NamedMutexError::MaximumRecursiveLocksReached));
+        }
+        ++m_lockCount;
+
+        // The lock is released upon acquiring a recursive lock from the thread that already owns the lock
+        MutexHelpers::ReleaseLock(sharedData->GetLock());
+
+        _ASSERTE(result != MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned);
+        _ASSERTE(!sharedData->IsAbandoned());
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // The non-recursive case is handled below (skip the #else and see below that)
+#else // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    // If a timeout is specified, determine the start time
+    DWORD startTime = 0;
+    if (timeoutMilliseconds != static_cast<DWORD>(-1) && timeoutMilliseconds != 0)
+    {
+        startTime = GetTickCount();
+    }
+
+    // Acquire the process lock. A file lock can only be acquired once per file descriptor, so to synchronize the threads of
+    // this process, the process lock is used.
+    while (true)
+    {
+        DWORD waitResult = WaitForSingleObject(m_processLockHandle, timeoutMilliseconds);
+        switch (waitResult)
+        {
+            case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
+            case WAIT_ABANDONED: // abandoned state for the process lock is irrelevant, the shared lock will also have been abandoned
+                break;
+
+            case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
+                return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut;
+
+            case WAIT_IO_COMPLETION:
+                continue;
+
+            case WAIT_FAILED:
+                throw SharedMemoryException(GetLastError());
+
+            default:
+                _ASSERTE(false);
+                break;
+        }
+        break;
+    }
+
+    struct AutoReleaseProcessLock
+    {
+        HANDLE m_processLockHandle;
+        bool m_cancel;
+
+        AutoReleaseProcessLock(HANDLE processLockHandle) : m_processLockHandle(processLockHandle), m_cancel(false)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ~AutoReleaseProcessLock()
+        {
+            if (!m_cancel)
+            {
+                ReleaseMutex(m_processLockHandle);
+            }
+        }
+    } autoReleaseProcessLock(m_processLockHandle);
+
+    // Check if it's a recursive lock attempt
+    if (m_lockCount != 0)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(sharedData->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread()); // otherwise, this thread would not have acquired the process lock
+        _ASSERTE(GetCurrentPalThread()->synchronizationInfo.OwnsNamedMutex(this));
+
+        if (m_lockCount + 1 < m_lockCount)
+        {
+            throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(NamedMutexError::MaximumRecursiveLocksReached));
+        }
+        ++m_lockCount;
+
+        // The process lock is released upon acquiring a recursive lock from the thread that already owns the lock
+        return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLock;
+    }
+
+    switch (timeoutMilliseconds)
+    {
+        case static_cast<DWORD>(-1):
+        {
+            // The file lock API does not have a timeout on the wait, so timed waiters will poll the file lock in a loop,
+            // sleeping for a short duration in-between. Due to the polling nature of a timed wait, timed waiters will almost
+            // never acquire the file lock as long as there are also untimed waiters. So, in order to make the file lock
+            // acquisition reasonable, when there are timed waiters, have untimed waiters also use polling.
+            bool acquiredFileLock = false;
+            while (sharedData->HasAnyTimedWaiters())
+            {
+                if (SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
+                {
+                    acquiredFileLock = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+                Sleep(PollLoopMaximumSleepMilliseconds);
+            }
+            if (acquiredFileLock)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            acquiredFileLock = SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX);
+            _ASSERTE(acquiredFileLock);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case 0:
+            if (!SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
+            {
+                return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+        {
+            // Try to acquire the file lock without waiting
+            if (SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // The file lock API does not have a timeout on the wait, so timed waiters need to poll the file lock in a loop,
+            // sleeping for a short duration in-between. Due to the polling nature of a timed wait, timed waiters will almost
+            // never acquire the file lock as long as there are also untimed waiters. So, in order to make the file lock
+            // acquisition reasonable, record that there is a timed waiter, to have untimed waiters also use polling.
+            sharedData->IncTimedWaiterCount();
+            struct AutoDecTimedWaiterCount
+            {
+                NamedMutexSharedData *m_sharedData;
+
+                AutoDecTimedWaiterCount(NamedMutexSharedData *sharedData) : m_sharedData(sharedData)
+                {
+                }
+
+                ~AutoDecTimedWaiterCount()
+                {
+                    m_sharedData->DecTimedWaiterCount();
+                }
+            } autoDecTimedWaiterCount(sharedData);
+
+            // Poll for the file lock
+            do
+            {
+                DWORD elapsedMilliseconds = GetTickCount() - startTime;
+                if (elapsedMilliseconds >= timeoutMilliseconds)
+                {
+                    return MutexTryAcquireLockResult::TimedOut;
+                }
+
+                DWORD remainingMilliseconds = timeoutMilliseconds - elapsedMilliseconds;
+                DWORD sleepMilliseconds =
+                    remainingMilliseconds < PollLoopMaximumSleepMilliseconds
+                        ? remainingMilliseconds
+                        : PollLoopMaximumSleepMilliseconds;
+                Sleep(sleepMilliseconds);
+            } while (!SharedMemoryHelpers::TryAcquireFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor, LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB));
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // There cannot be any exceptions after this
+    autoReleaseProcessLock.m_cancel = true;
+
+    // After acquiring the file lock, if we find that a lock owner is already designated, the process that previously owned the
+    // lock must have terminated while holding the lock.
+    MutexTryAcquireLockResult result =
+        sharedData->IsLockOwnedByAnyThread()
+            ? MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned
+            : MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLock;
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+
+    sharedData->SetLockOwnerToCurrentThread();
+    m_lockCount = 1;
+    CPalThread *currentThread = GetCurrentPalThread();
+    SetLockOwnerThread(currentThread);
+    currentThread->synchronizationInfo.AddOwnedNamedMutex(this);
+
+    if (sharedData->IsAbandoned())
+    {
+        // The thread that previously owned the lock did not release it before exiting
+        sharedData->SetIsAbandoned(false);
+        result = MutexTryAcquireLockResult::AcquiredLockButMutexWasAbandoned;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::ReleaseLock()
+{
+    if (!GetSharedData()->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread())
+    {
+        throw SharedMemoryException(static_cast<DWORD>(NamedMutexError::ThreadHasNotAcquiredMutex));
+    }
+
+    _ASSERTE(GetCurrentPalThread()->synchronizationInfo.OwnsNamedMutex(this));
+
+    _ASSERTE(m_lockCount != 0);
+    --m_lockCount;
+    if (m_lockCount != 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GetCurrentPalThread()->synchronizationInfo.RemoveOwnedNamedMutex(this);
+    SetLockOwnerThread(nullptr);
+    ActuallyReleaseLock();
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::Abandon()
+{
+    NamedMutexSharedData *sharedData = GetSharedData();
+    _ASSERTE(sharedData->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+    _ASSERTE(m_lockCount != 0);
+
+    sharedData->SetIsAbandoned(true);
+    m_lockCount = 0;
+    SetLockOwnerThread(nullptr);
+    ActuallyReleaseLock();
+}
+
+void NamedMutexProcessData::ActuallyReleaseLock()
+{
+    NamedMutexSharedData *sharedData = GetSharedData();
+    _ASSERTE(sharedData->IsLockOwnedByCurrentThread());
+    _ASSERTE(!GetCurrentPalThread()->synchronizationInfo.OwnsNamedMutex(this));
+    _ASSERTE(m_lockCount == 0);
+
+    sharedData->ClearLockOwner();
+
+#if NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    MutexHelpers::ReleaseLock(sharedData->GetLock());
+#else // !NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+    SharedMemoryHelpers::ReleaseFileLock(m_sharedLockFileDescriptor);
+    ReleaseMutex(m_processLockHandle);
+#endif // NAMED_MUTEX_USE_PTHREAD_MUTEX
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/synchobj/semaphore.cpp b/src/pal/src/synchobj/semaphore.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b2240184c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/synchobj/semaphore.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,680 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    semaphore.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of the sempahore synchroniztion object as described in 
+    the WIN32 API
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/semaphore.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/* ------------------- Definitions ------------------------------*/
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(SYNC);
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otSemaphore(
+                otiSemaphore,
+                NULL,   // No cleanup routine
+                NULL,   // No initialization routine
+                sizeof(SemaphoreImmutableData),
+                0,      // No process local data
+                0,      // No shared data
+                0,      // Should be SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::ObjectCanBeUnsignaled,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseAltersSignalCount,
+                CObjectType::NoOwner
+                );
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotSempahore(otiSemaphore);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+CreateSemaphoreExA
+
+Note:
+lpSemaphoreAttributes currently ignored:
+-- Win32 object security not supported
+-- handles to semaphore objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateSemaphoreExA(
+        IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        IN LONG lInitialCount,
+        IN LONG lMaximumCount,
+        IN LPCSTR lpName,
+        IN /*_Reserved_*/  DWORD dwFlags,
+        IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
+{
+    // dwFlags is reserved and unused, and dwDesiredAccess is currently
+    // only ever used as SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS.  The other parameters
+    // all map to CreateSemaphoreA.
+    _ASSERTE(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS == dwDesiredAccess);
+
+    return CreateSemaphoreA(
+        lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        lInitialCount,
+        lMaximumCount,
+        lpName);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateSemaphoreA
+
+Note:
+  lpSemaphoreAttributes currently ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to semaphore objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateSemaphoreA(
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+         IN LONG lInitialCount,
+         IN LONG lMaximumCount,
+         IN LPCSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hSemaphore = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateSemaphoreA);
+    ENTRY("CreateSemaphoreA(lpSemaphoreAttributes=%p, lInitialCount=%d, "
+          "lMaximumCount=%d, lpName=%p (%s))\n",
+          lpSemaphoreAttributes, lInitialCount, lMaximumCount, lpName, lpName?lpName:"NULL");
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = InternalCreateSemaphore(
+            pthr,
+            lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+            lInitialCount,
+            lMaximumCount,
+            NULL,
+            &hSemaphore
+            );
+    }
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("CreateSemaphoreA returns HANDLE %p\n", hSemaphore);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateSemaphoreA);
+    return hSemaphore;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+CreateSemaphoreExW
+
+Note:
+lpSemaphoreAttributes currentely ignored:
+-- Win32 object security not supported
+-- handles to semaphore objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+PALIMPORT
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateSemaphoreExW(
+        IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        IN LONG lInitialCount,
+        IN LONG lMaximumCount,
+        IN LPCWSTR lpName,
+        IN /*_Reserved_*/  DWORD dwFlags,
+        IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess)
+{
+    // dwFlags is reserved and unused, and dwDesiredAccess is currently
+    // only ever used as SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS.  The other parameters
+    // all map to CreateSemaphoreW.
+    _ASSERTE(SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS == dwDesiredAccess);
+
+    return CreateSemaphoreW(
+        lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        lInitialCount,
+        lMaximumCount,
+        lpName);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateSemaphoreW
+
+Note:
+  lpSemaphoreAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to semaphore objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateSemaphoreW(
+         IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+         IN LONG lInitialCount,
+         IN LONG lMaximumCount,
+         IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hSemaphore = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateSemaphoreW);
+    ENTRY("CreateSemaphoreW(lpSemaphoreAttributes=%p, lInitialCount=%d, "
+          "lMaximumCount=%d, lpName=%p (%S))\n",
+          lpSemaphoreAttributes, lInitialCount, lMaximumCount, 
+          lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateSemaphore(
+        pthr,
+        lpSemaphoreAttributes, 
+        lInitialCount,
+        lMaximumCount,
+        lpName,
+        &hSemaphore
+        );
+
+    //
+    // We always need to set last error, even on success:
+    // we need to protect ourselves from the situation
+    // where last error is set to ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS on
+    // entry to the function
+    //
+
+    pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateSemaphoreW returns HANDLE %p\n", hSemaphore);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateSemaphoreW);
+    return hSemaphore;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalCreateSemaphore
+
+Note:
+  lpSemaphoreAttributes currentely ignored:
+  -- Win32 object security not supported
+  -- handles to semaphore objects are not inheritable
+
+Parameters
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated semaphore handle
+  
+  See MSDN docs on CreateSemaphore for all other parameters.
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateSemaphore(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+    LONG lInitialCount,
+    LONG lMaximumCount,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phSemaphore
+    )
+{
+    CObjectAttributes oa(lpName, lpSemaphoreAttributes);
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjSemaphore = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjRegisteredSemaphore = NULL;
+    SemaphoreImmutableData *pSemaphoreData;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phSemaphore);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalCreateSemaphore(pthr=%p, lpSemaphoreAttributes=%p, "
+        "lInitialCount=%d, lMaximumCount=%d, lpName=%p, phSemaphore=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        lpSemaphoreAttributes,
+        lInitialCount,
+        lMaximumCount,
+        lpName,
+        phSemaphore
+        );
+
+    if (lpName != nullptr)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+        goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    if (lMaximumCount <= 0)
+    {
+        ERROR("lMaximumCount is invalid (%d)\n", lMaximumCount);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    if ((lInitialCount < 0) || (lInitialCount > lMaximumCount))
+    {
+        ERROR("lInitialCount is invalid (%d)\n", lInitialCount);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        &otSemaphore,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjSemaphore
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjSemaphore->GetImmutableData(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pSemaphoreData));
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d obtaining object data\n", palError);
+        goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    pSemaphoreData->lMaximumCount = lMaximumCount;
+
+    if (0 != lInitialCount)
+    {
+        ISynchStateController *pssc;
+
+        palError = pobjSemaphore->GetSynchStateController(
+            pthr,
+            &pssc
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            palError = pssc->SetSignalCount(lInitialCount);
+            pssc->ReleaseController();
+        }
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to set new semaphore state (%d)\n", palError);
+            goto InternalCreateSemaphoreExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjSemaphore,
+        &aotSempahore, 
+        0, // Should be SEMAPHORE_ALL_ACCESS; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+        phSemaphore,
+        &pobjRegisteredSemaphore
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjSemaphore is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL it
+    // out here to ensure that we don't try to release a reference on
+    // it down the line.
+    //
+    
+    pobjSemaphore = NULL;
+
+InternalCreateSemaphoreExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjSemaphore)
+    {
+        pobjSemaphore->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjRegisteredSemaphore)
+    {
+        pobjRegisteredSemaphore->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalCreateSemaphore returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReleaseSemaphore
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+ReleaseSemaphore(
+         IN HANDLE hSemaphore,
+         IN LONG lReleaseCount,
+         OUT LPLONG lpPreviousCount)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ReleaseSemaphore);
+    ENTRY("ReleaseSemaphore(hSemaphore=%p, lReleaseCount=%d, "
+          "lpPreviousCount=%p)\n",
+          hSemaphore, lReleaseCount, lpPreviousCount);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    palError = InternalReleaseSemaphore(
+        pthr,
+        hSemaphore,
+        lReleaseCount,
+        lpPreviousCount
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT ("ReleaseSemaphore returns BOOL %d\n", (NO_ERROR == palError));
+    PERF_EXIT(ReleaseSemaphore);
+    return (NO_ERROR == palError);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalReleaseSemaphore
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  
+  See MSDN docs on ReleaseSemaphore for all other parameters
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalReleaseSemaphore(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    HANDLE hSemaphore,
+    LONG lReleaseCount,
+    LPLONG lpPreviousCount
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjSemaphore = NULL;
+    ISynchStateController *pssc = NULL;
+    SemaphoreImmutableData *pSemaphoreData;
+    LONG lOldCount;
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalReleaseSempahore(pthr=%p, hSemaphore=%p, lReleaseCount=%d, "
+        "lpPreviousCount=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        hSemaphore,
+        lReleaseCount,
+        lpPreviousCount
+        );
+
+    if (0 >= lReleaseCount)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pthr,
+        hSemaphore,
+        &aotSempahore, 
+        0, // Should be SEMAPHORE_MODIFY_STATE; currently ignored (no Win32 security)
+        &pobjSemaphore
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to obtain object for handle %p (error %d)!\n", hSemaphore, palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjSemaphore->GetImmutableData(reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pSemaphoreData));
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d obtaining object data\n", palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjSemaphore->GetSynchStateController(
+        pthr,
+        &pssc
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d obtaining synch state controller\n", palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pssc->GetSignalCount(&lOldCount);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d obtaining current signal count\n", palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    _ASSERTE(lOldCount <= pSemaphoreData->lMaximumCount);
+    if (lReleaseCount > pSemaphoreData->lMaximumCount - lOldCount)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pssc->IncrementSignalCount(lReleaseCount);
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %d incrementing signal count\n", palError);
+        goto InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != lpPreviousCount)
+    {
+        *lpPreviousCount = lOldCount;
+    }
+
+InternalReleaseSemaphoreExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pssc)
+    {
+        pssc->ReleaseController();
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjSemaphore)
+    {
+        pobjSemaphore->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalReleaseSemaphore returns %d\n", palError);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+// TODO: Implementation of OpenSemaphoreA() doesn't exist, do we need it? More generally, do we need the A versions at all?
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenSemaphoreW
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to semaphore are not inheritable)
+
+Parameters:
+  See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenSemaphoreW(
+       IN DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+       IN BOOL bInheritHandle,
+       IN LPCWSTR lpName)
+{
+    HANDLE hSemaphore = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthr = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenSemaphoreW);
+    ENTRY("OpenSemaphoreW(dwDesiredAccess=%#x, bInheritHandle=%d, lpName=%p (%S))\n", 
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, lpName, lpName?lpName:W16_NULLSTRING);
+
+    pthr = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* validate parameters */
+    if (lpName == nullptr)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpName is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpName: Cross-process named objects are not supported in PAL");
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthr->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("OpenSemaphoreW returns HANDLE %p\n", hSemaphore);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenSemaphoreW);
+
+    return hSemaphore;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalOpenSemaphore
+
+Note:
+  dwDesiredAccess is currently ignored (no Win32 object security support)
+  bInheritHandle is currently ignored (handles to semaphores are not inheritable)
+
+Parameters:
+  pthr -- thread data for calling thread
+  phEvent -- on success, receives the allocated semaphore handle
+  
+  See MSDN docs on OpenSemaphore for all other parameters.
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalOpenSemaphore(
+    CPalThread *pthr,
+    DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+    BOOL bInheritHandle,
+    LPCWSTR lpName,
+    HANDLE *phSemaphore
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjSemaphore = NULL;
+    CPalString sObjectName(lpName);
+
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != pthr);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != lpName);
+    _ASSERTE(NULL != phSemaphore);
+
+    ENTRY("InternalOpenSemaphore(pthr=%p, dwDesiredAccess=%d, bInheritHandle=%d, "
+        "lpName=%p, phSemaphore=%p)\n",
+        pthr,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        phSemaphore
+        );
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->LocateObject(
+        pthr,
+        &sObjectName,
+        &aotSempahore,
+        &pobjSemaphore
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalOpenSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ObtainHandleForObject(
+        pthr,
+        pobjSemaphore,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        bInheritHandle,
+        NULL,
+        phSemaphore
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalOpenSemaphoreExit;
+    }
+
+InternalOpenSemaphoreExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjSemaphore)
+    {
+        pobjSemaphore->ReleaseReference(pthr);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("InternalOpenSemaphore returns %d\n", palError);
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/context.cpp b/src/pal/src/thread/context.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..f832015710
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/context.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1360 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    context.c
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of GetThreadContext/SetThreadContext/DebugBreak.
+    There are a lot of architecture specifics here.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/context.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+#include <sys/ptrace.h> 
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+extern PGET_GCMARKER_EXCEPTION_CODE g_getGcMarkerExceptionCode;
+
+// in context2.S
+extern void CONTEXT_CaptureContext(LPCONTEXT lpContext);
+
+#ifdef _X86_
+#define CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING (CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT | CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS)
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+#define CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+#define CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+#define CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#ifndef __GLIBC__
+typedef int __ptrace_request;
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_MACHINE_REG_H
+#include <machine/reg.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_MACHINE_REG_H
+#if HAVE_MACHINE_NPX_H
+#include <machine/npx.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_MACHINE_NPX_H
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+#include <asm/ptrace.h>
+#endif  // HAVE_PT_REGS
+
+#ifdef _AMD64_
+#define ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rbp)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rip)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(SegCs)   \
+        ASSIGN_REG(EFlags)  \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rsp)     \
+
+#define ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rdi)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rsi)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rbx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rdx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rcx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Rax)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R8)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R9)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R10)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R11)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R12)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R13)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R14)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R15)     \
+
+#elif defined(_X86_)
+#define ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Ebp)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Eip)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(SegCs)   \
+        ASSIGN_REG(EFlags)  \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Esp)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(SegSs)   \
+
+#define ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Edi)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Esi)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Ebx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Edx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Ecx)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Eax)     \
+
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+#define ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Sp)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Lr)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Pc)   \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Cpsr)  \
+
+#define ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R0)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R1)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R2)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R3)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R4)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R5)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R6)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R7)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R8)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R9)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R10)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R11)     \
+        ASSIGN_REG(R12)
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+#define ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Sp)      \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Lr)      \
+        ASSIGN_REG(Pc)
+
+#define ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X0)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X1)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X2)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X3)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X4)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X5)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X6)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X7)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X8)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X9)      \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X10)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X11)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X12)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X13)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X14)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X15)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X16)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X17)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X18)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X19)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X20)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X21)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X22)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X23)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X24)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X25)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X26)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X27)     \
+	ASSIGN_REG(X28)
+
+#else
+#error Don't know how to assign registers on this architecture
+#endif
+
+#define ASSIGN_ALL_REGS     \
+        ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS \
+        ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS \
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CONTEXT_GetRegisters
+
+Abstract
+  retrieve the machine registers value of the indicated process.
+
+Parameter
+  processId: process ID
+  lpContext: context structure in which the machine registers value will be returned.
+Return
+ returns TRUE if it succeeds, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL CONTEXT_GetRegisters(DWORD processId, LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{
+#if HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+    int regFd = -1;
+#endif  // HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+
+    if (processId == GetCurrentProcessId()) 
+    {
+        CONTEXT_CaptureContext(lpContext);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ucontext_t registers;
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+        struct pt_regs ptrace_registers;
+        if (ptrace((__ptrace_request)PT_GETREGS, processId, (caddr_t) &ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+        struct reg ptrace_registers;
+        if (PAL_PTRACE(PT_GETREGS, processId, &ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#endif
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed ptrace(PT_GETREGS, processId:%d) errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                   processId, errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) MCREG_##reg(registers.uc_mcontext) = PTREG_##reg(ptrace_registers);
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) MCREG_##reg(registers.uc_mcontext) = BSDREG_##reg(ptrace_registers);
+#else
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg)
+	ASSERT("Don't know how to get the context of another process on this platform!");
+	return bRet;
+#endif
+        ASSIGN_ALL_REGS
+#undef ASSIGN_REG
+
+        CONTEXTFromNativeContext(&registers, lpContext, lpContext->ContextFlags);
+    }
+    
+    bRet = TRUE;
+#if HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+    if (regFd != -1)
+    {
+        close(regFd);
+    }
+#endif  // HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContext(
+         DWORD dwProcessId,
+         pthread_t self,
+         LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{    
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+    if (lpContext == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid lpContext parameter value\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    /* How to consider the case when self is different from the current
+       thread of its owner process. Machine registers values could be retreived
+       by a ptrace(pid, ...) call or from the "/proc/%pid/reg" file content. 
+       Unfortunately, these two methods only depend on process ID, not on 
+       thread ID. */
+
+    if (dwProcessId == GetCurrentProcessId())
+    {
+        if (self != pthread_self())
+        {
+            DWORD flags;
+            // There aren't any APIs for this. We can potentially get the
+            // context of another thread by using per-thread signals, but
+            // on FreeBSD signal handlers that are called as a result
+            // of signals raised via pthread_kill don't get a valid
+            // sigcontext or ucontext_t. But we need this to return TRUE
+            // to avoid an assertion in the CLR in code that manages to
+            // cope reasonably well without a valid thread context.
+            // Given that, we'll zero out our structure and return TRUE.
+            ERROR("GetThreadContext on a thread other than the current "
+                  "thread is returning TRUE\n");
+            flags = lpContext->ContextFlags;
+            memset(lpContext, 0, sizeof(*lpContext));
+            lpContext->ContextFlags = flags;
+            ret = TRUE;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+    }
+
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags & 
+        (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER))
+    {        
+        if (CONTEXT_GetRegisters(dwProcessId, lpContext) == FALSE)
+        {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto EXIT;
+        }  
+    }
+
+    ret = TRUE;
+
+EXIT:
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_SetThreadContext(
+           DWORD dwProcessId,
+           pthread_t self,
+           CONST CONTEXT *lpContext)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+    struct pt_regs ptrace_registers;
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+    struct reg ptrace_registers;
+#endif
+
+    if (lpContext == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid lpContext parameter value\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    /* How to consider the case when self is different from the current
+       thread of its owner process. Machine registers values could be retreived
+       by a ptrace(pid, ...) call or from the "/proc/%pid/reg" file content. 
+       Unfortunately, these two methods only depend on process ID, not on 
+       thread ID. */
+        
+    if (dwProcessId == GetCurrentProcessId())
+    {
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        // Need to implement SetThreadContext(current thread) for the IX architecture; look at common_signal_handler.
+        _ASSERT(FALSE);
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        ASSERT("SetThreadContext should be called for cross-process only.\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags  & 
+        (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER))
+    {   
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+        if (ptrace((__ptrace_request)PT_GETREGS, dwProcessId, (caddr_t)&ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+        if (PAL_PTRACE(PT_GETREGS, dwProcessId, &ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#endif
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed ptrace(PT_GETREGS, processId:%d) errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                   dwProcessId, errno, strerror(errno));
+             SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+             goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) PTREG_##reg(ptrace_registers) = lpContext->reg;
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) BSDREG_##reg(ptrace_registers) = lpContext->reg;
+#else
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg)
+	ASSERT("Don't know how to set the context of another process on this platform!");
+	return FALSE;
+#endif
+        if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+        {
+            ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS
+        }
+        if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+        {
+            ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS
+        }
+#undef ASSIGN_REG
+
+#if HAVE_PT_REGS        
+        if (ptrace((__ptrace_request)PT_SETREGS, dwProcessId, (caddr_t)&ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#elif HAVE_BSD_REGS_T
+        if (PAL_PTRACE(PT_SETREGS, dwProcessId, &ptrace_registers, 0) == -1)
+#endif
+        {
+            ASSERT("Failed ptrace(PT_SETREGS, processId:%d) errno:%d (%s)\n",
+                   dwProcessId, errno, strerror(errno));
+            SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = TRUE;
+   EXIT:
+     return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTToNativeContext
+    
+    Converts a CONTEXT record to a native context.
+
+Parameters :
+    CONST CONTEXT *lpContext : CONTEXT to convert
+    native_context_t *native : native context to fill in
+
+Return value :
+    None
+
+--*/
+void CONTEXTToNativeContext(CONST CONTEXT *lpContext, native_context_t *native)
+{
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) MCREG_##reg(native->uc_mcontext) = lpContext->reg;
+    if ((lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_CONTROL) == CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    {
+        ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS
+    }
+
+    if ((lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_INTEGER) == CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    {
+        ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS
+    }
+#undef ASSIGN_REG
+
+#if HAVE_GREGSET_T || HAVE_GREGSET_T
+#if HAVE_GREGSET_T
+    if (native->uc_mcontext.fpregs == nullptr)
+#elif HAVE___GREGSET_T
+    if (native->uc_mcontext.__fpregs == nullptr)
+#endif
+    {
+        // If the pointer to the floating point state in the native context
+        // is not valid, we can't copy floating point registers regardless of
+        // whether CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT is set in the CONTEXT's flags.
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if ((lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT) == CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    {
+#ifdef _AMD64_
+        FPREG_ControlWord(native) = lpContext->FltSave.ControlWord;
+        FPREG_StatusWord(native) = lpContext->FltSave.StatusWord;
+        FPREG_TagWord(native) = lpContext->FltSave.TagWord;
+        FPREG_ErrorOffset(native) = lpContext->FltSave.ErrorOffset;
+        FPREG_ErrorSelector(native) = lpContext->FltSave.ErrorSelector;
+        FPREG_DataOffset(native) = lpContext->FltSave.DataOffset;
+        FPREG_DataSelector(native) = lpContext->FltSave.DataSelector;
+        FPREG_MxCsr(native) = lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr;
+        FPREG_MxCsr_Mask(native) = lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr_Mask;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+        {
+            FPREG_St(native, i) = lpContext->FltSave.FloatRegisters[i];
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        {
+            FPREG_Xmm(native, i) = lpContext->FltSave.XmmRegisters[i];
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Enable for all Unix systems
+#if defined(_AMD64_) && defined(__linux__)
+    if ((lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_XSTATE) == CONTEXT_XSTATE)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(FPREG_HasExtendedState(native));
+        memcpy_s(FPREG_Xstate_Ymmh(native), sizeof(M128A) * 16, lpContext->VectorRegister, sizeof(M128A) * 16);
+    }
+#endif // _AMD64_
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTFromNativeContext
+    
+    Converts a native context to a CONTEXT record.
+
+Parameters :
+    const native_context_t *native : native context to convert
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext : CONTEXT to fill in
+    ULONG contextFlags : flags that determine which registers are valid in
+                         native and which ones to set in lpContext
+
+Return value :
+    None
+
+--*/
+void CONTEXTFromNativeContext(const native_context_t *native, LPCONTEXT lpContext,
+                              ULONG contextFlags)
+{
+    lpContext->ContextFlags = contextFlags;
+
+#define ASSIGN_REG(reg) lpContext->reg = MCREG_##reg(native->uc_mcontext);
+    if ((contextFlags & CONTEXT_CONTROL) == CONTEXT_CONTROL)
+    {
+        ASSIGN_CONTROL_REGS
+#ifdef _ARM_
+        // WinContext assumes that the least bit of Pc is always 1 (denoting thumb)
+        // although the pc value retrived from native context might not have set the least bit.
+        // This becomes especially problematic if the context is on the JIT_WRITEBARRIER.
+        lpContext->Pc |= 0x1;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if ((contextFlags & CONTEXT_INTEGER) == CONTEXT_INTEGER)
+    {
+        ASSIGN_INTEGER_REGS
+    }
+#undef ASSIGN_REG
+
+#if HAVE_GREGSET_T || HAVE___GREGSET_T
+#if HAVE_GREGSET_T
+    if (native->uc_mcontext.fpregs == nullptr)
+#elif HAVE___GREGSET_T
+    if (native->uc_mcontext.__fpregs == nullptr)
+#endif
+    {
+        // Reset the CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT bit(s) and the CONTEXT_XSTATE bit(s) so it's
+        // clear that the floating point and extended state data in the CONTEXT is not
+        // valid. Since these flags are defined as the architecture bit(s) OR'd with one
+        // or more other bits, we first get the bits that are unique to each by resetting
+        // the architecture bits. We determine what those are by inverting the union of
+        // CONTEXT_CONTROL and CONTEXT_INTEGER, both of which should also have the 
+        // architecture bit(s) set.
+        const ULONG floatingPointFlags = CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT & ~(CONTEXT_CONTROL & CONTEXT_INTEGER);
+        const ULONG xstateFlags = CONTEXT_XSTATE & ~(CONTEXT_CONTROL & CONTEXT_INTEGER);
+
+        lpContext->ContextFlags &= ~(floatingPointFlags | xstateFlags);
+
+        // Bail out regardless of whether the caller wanted CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT or CONTEXT_XSTATE
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if ((contextFlags & CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT) == CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+    {
+#ifdef _AMD64_
+        lpContext->FltSave.ControlWord = FPREG_ControlWord(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.StatusWord = FPREG_StatusWord(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.TagWord = FPREG_TagWord(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.ErrorOffset = FPREG_ErrorOffset(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.ErrorSelector = FPREG_ErrorSelector(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.DataOffset = FPREG_DataOffset(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.DataSelector = FPREG_DataSelector(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr = FPREG_MxCsr(native);
+        lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr_Mask = FPREG_MxCsr_Mask(native);
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+        {
+            lpContext->FltSave.FloatRegisters[i] = FPREG_St(native, i);
+        }
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+        {
+            lpContext->FltSave.XmmRegisters[i] = FPREG_Xmm(native, i);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // TODO: Enable for all Unix systems
+#if defined(_AMD64_) && defined(__linux__)
+    if ((contextFlags & CONTEXT_XSTATE) == CONTEXT_XSTATE)
+    {
+        if (FPREG_HasExtendedState(native))
+        {
+            memcpy_s(lpContext->VectorRegister, sizeof(M128A) * 16, FPREG_Xstate_Ymmh(native), sizeof(M128A) * 16);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Reset the CONTEXT_XSTATE bit(s) so it's clear that the extended state data in
+            // the CONTEXT is not valid.
+            const ULONG xstateFlags = CONTEXT_XSTATE & ~(CONTEXT_CONTROL & CONTEXT_INTEGER);
+            lpContext->ContextFlags &= ~xstateFlags;
+        }
+    } 
+#endif // _AMD64_
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    GetNativeContextPC
+    
+    Returns the program counter from the native context.
+
+Parameters :
+    const native_context_t *native : native context
+
+Return value :
+    The program counter from the native context.
+
+--*/
+LPVOID GetNativeContextPC(const native_context_t *context)
+{
+#ifdef _AMD64_
+    return (LPVOID)MCREG_Rip(context->uc_mcontext);
+#elif defined(_X86_)
+    return (LPVOID) MCREG_Eip(context->uc_mcontext);
+#elif defined(_ARM_)
+    return (LPVOID) MCREG_Pc(context->uc_mcontext);
+#elif defined(_ARM64_)
+    return (LPVOID) MCREG_Pc(context->uc_mcontext);
+#else
+#   error implement me for this architecture
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+Function :
+    CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal
+    
+    Translates signal and context information to a Win32 exception code.
+
+Parameters :
+    const siginfo_t *siginfo : signal information from a signal handler
+    const native_context_t *context : context information
+
+Return value :
+    The Win32 exception code that corresponds to the signal and context
+    information.
+
+--*/
+#ifdef ILL_ILLOPC
+// If si_code values are available for all signals, use those.
+DWORD CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal(const siginfo_t *siginfo,
+                                       const native_context_t *context)
+{
+    // IMPORTANT NOTE: This function must not call any signal unsafe functions
+    // since it is called from signal handlers.
+    // That includes ASSERT and TRACE macros.
+
+    switch (siginfo->si_signo)
+    {
+        case SIGILL:
+            switch (siginfo->si_code)
+            {
+                case ILL_ILLOPC:    // Illegal opcode
+                case ILL_ILLOPN:    // Illegal operand
+                case ILL_ILLADR:    // Illegal addressing mode
+                case ILL_ILLTRP:    // Illegal trap
+                case ILL_COPROC:    // Co-processor error
+                    return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+                case ILL_PRVOPC:    // Privileged opcode
+                case ILL_PRVREG:    // Privileged register
+                    return EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION;
+                case ILL_BADSTK:    // Internal stack error
+                    return EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case SIGFPE:
+            switch (siginfo->si_code)
+            {
+                case FPE_INTDIV:
+                    return EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+                case FPE_INTOVF:
+                    return EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW;
+                case FPE_FLTDIV:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+                case FPE_FLTOVF:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW;
+                case FPE_FLTUND:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW;
+                case FPE_FLTRES:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT;
+                case FPE_FLTINV:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                case FPE_FLTSUB:
+                    return EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case SIGSEGV:
+            switch (siginfo->si_code)
+            {
+                case SI_USER:       // User-generated signal, sometimes sent
+                                    // for SIGSEGV under normal circumstances
+                case SEGV_MAPERR:   // Address not mapped to object
+                case SEGV_ACCERR:   // Invalid permissions for mapped object
+                    return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
+
+#ifdef SI_KERNEL
+                case SI_KERNEL:
+                {
+                    // Identify privileged instructions that are not identified as such by the system
+                    if (g_getGcMarkerExceptionCode != nullptr)
+                    {
+                        DWORD exceptionCode = g_getGcMarkerExceptionCode(GetNativeContextPC(context));
+                        if (exceptionCode != 0)
+                        {
+                            return exceptionCode;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
+                }
+#endif
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case SIGBUS:
+            switch (siginfo->si_code)
+            {
+                case BUS_ADRALN:    // Invalid address alignment
+                    return EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT;
+                case BUS_ADRERR:    // Non-existent physical address
+                    return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
+                case BUS_OBJERR:    // Object-specific hardware error
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        case SIGTRAP:
+            switch (siginfo->si_code)
+            {
+#ifdef SI_KERNEL
+                case SI_KERNEL:
+#endif
+                case SI_USER:
+                case TRAP_BRKPT:    // Process breakpoint
+                    return EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT;
+                case TRAP_TRACE:    // Process trace trap
+                    return EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP;
+                default:
+                    // Got unknown SIGTRAP signal with code siginfo->si_code;
+                    return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+            }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // Got unknown signal number siginfo->si_signo with code siginfo->si_code;
+    return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+}
+#else   // ILL_ILLOPC
+DWORD CONTEXTGetExceptionCodeForSignal(const siginfo_t *siginfo,
+                                       const native_context_t *context)
+{
+    // IMPORTANT NOTE: This function must not call any signal unsafe functions
+    // since it is called from signal handlers.
+    // That includes ASSERT and TRACE macros.
+
+    int trap;
+
+    if (siginfo->si_signo == SIGFPE)
+    {
+        // Floating point exceptions are mapped by their si_code.
+        switch (siginfo->si_code)
+        {
+            case FPE_INTDIV :
+                return EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+            case FPE_INTOVF :
+                return EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW;
+            case FPE_FLTDIV :
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+            case FPE_FLTOVF :
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW;
+            case FPE_FLTUND :
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW;
+            case FPE_FLTRES :
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT;
+            case FPE_FLTINV :
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION;
+            case FPE_FLTSUB :/* subscript out of range */
+                return EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION;
+            default:
+                // Got unknown signal code siginfo->si_code;
+                return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    trap = context->uc_mcontext.mc_trapno;
+    switch (trap)
+    {
+        case T_PRIVINFLT : /* privileged instruction */
+            return EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION; 
+        case T_BPTFLT :    /* breakpoint instruction */
+            return EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT;
+        case T_ARITHTRAP : /* arithmetic trap */
+            return 0;      /* let the caller pick an exception code */
+#ifdef T_ASTFLT
+        case T_ASTFLT :    /* system forced exception : ^C, ^\. SIGINT signal 
+                              handler shouldn't be calling this function, since
+                              it doesn't need an exception code */
+            // Trap code T_ASTFLT received, shouldn't get here;
+            return 0;
+#endif  // T_ASTFLT
+        case T_PROTFLT :   /* protection fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION; 
+        case T_TRCTRAP :   /* debug exception (sic) */
+            return EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP;
+        case T_PAGEFLT :   /* page fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION;
+        case T_ALIGNFLT :  /* alignment fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT;
+        case T_DIVIDE :
+            return EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO;
+        case T_NMI :       /* non-maskable trap */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+        case T_OFLOW :
+            return EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW;
+        case T_BOUND :     /* bound instruction fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED; 
+        case T_DNA :       /* device not available fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        case T_DOUBLEFLT : /* double fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        case T_FPOPFLT :   /* fp coprocessor operand fetch fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION; 
+        case T_TSSFLT :    /* invalid tss fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        case T_SEGNPFLT :  /* segment not present fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION; 
+        case T_STKFLT :    /* stack fault */
+            return EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW; 
+        case T_MCHK :      /* machine check trap */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        case T_RESERVED :  /* reserved (unknown) */
+            return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION; 
+        default:
+            // Got unknown trap code trap;
+            break;
+    }
+    return EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION;
+}
+#endif  // ILL_ILLOPC
+
+#else // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#include <mach/message.h>
+#include <mach/thread_act.h>
+#include "../exception/machexception.h"
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort
+
+  Helper for GetThreadContext that uses a mach_port
+--*/
+kern_return_t
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort(
+    mach_port_t Port,
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{
+    // Extract the CONTEXT from the Mach thread.
+    
+    kern_return_t MachRet = KERN_SUCCESS;
+    mach_msg_type_number_t StateCount;
+    thread_state_flavor_t StateFlavor;
+  
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags & (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS))
+    {
+#ifdef _X86_  
+        x86_thread_state32_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_THREAD_STATE32;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        x86_thread_state64_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_THREAD_STATE64;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+        StateCount = sizeof(State) / sizeof(natural_t);
+        MachRet = thread_get_state(Port, StateFlavor, (thread_state_t)&State, &StateCount);
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("thread_get_state(THREAD_STATE) failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(StateFlavor, (thread_state_t)&State, lpContext);
+    }
+    
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING) {
+#ifdef _X86_
+        x86_float_state32_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_FLOAT_STATE32;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        x86_float_state64_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_FLOAT_STATE64;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+        StateCount = sizeof(State) / sizeof(natural_t);
+        MachRet = thread_get_state(Port, StateFlavor, (thread_state_t)&State, &StateCount);
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("thread_get_state(FLOAT_STATE) failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+        
+        CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(StateFlavor, (thread_state_t)&State, lpContext);
+    }
+
+exit:
+    return MachRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState
+
+--*/
+void
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState(
+    thread_state_flavor_t threadStateFlavor,
+    thread_state_t threadState,
+    LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{
+    switch (threadStateFlavor)
+    {
+#ifdef _X86_
+        case x86_THREAD_STATE32:
+            if (lpContext->ContextFlags & (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS))
+            {
+                x86_thread_state32_t *pState = (x86_thread_state32_t *)threadState;
+
+                lpContext->Eax = pState->eax;
+                lpContext->Ebx = pState->ebx;
+                lpContext->Ecx = pState->ecx;
+                lpContext->Edx = pState->edx;
+                lpContext->Edi = pState->edi;
+                lpContext->Esi = pState->esi;
+                lpContext->Ebp = pState->ebp;
+                lpContext->Esp = pState->esp;
+                lpContext->SegSs = pState->ss;
+                lpContext->EFlags = pState->eflags;
+                lpContext->Eip = pState->eip;
+                lpContext->SegCs = pState->cs;
+                lpContext->SegDs_PAL_Undefined = pState->ds;
+                lpContext->SegEs_PAL_Undefined = pState->es;
+                lpContext->SegFs_PAL_Undefined = pState->fs;
+                lpContext->SegGs_PAL_Undefined = pState->gs;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case x86_FLOAT_STATE32:
+        {
+            x86_float_state32_t *pState = (x86_float_state32_t *)threadState;
+
+            if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+            {
+                lpContext->FloatSave.ControlWord = *(DWORD*)&pState->fpu_fcw;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.StatusWord = *(DWORD*)&pState->fpu_fsw;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.TagWord = pState->fpu_ftw;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.ErrorOffset = pState->fpu_ip;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.ErrorSelector = pState->fpu_cs;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.DataOffset = pState->fpu_dp;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.DataSelector = pState->fpu_ds;
+                lpContext->FloatSave.Cr0NpxState = pState->fpu_mxcsr;
+
+                // Windows stores the floating point registers in a packed layout (each 10-byte register end to end
+                // for a total of 80 bytes). But Mach returns each register in an 16-bit structure (presumably for
+                // alignment purposes). So we can't just memcpy the registers over in a single block, we need to copy
+                // them individually.
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                    memcpy(&lpContext->FloatSave.RegisterArea[i * 10], (&pState->fpu_stmm0)[i].mmst_reg, 10);
+            }
+
+            if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS)
+            {
+                // The only extended register information that Mach will tell us about are the xmm register values.
+                // Both Windows and Mach store the registers in a packed layout (each of the 8 registers is 16 bytes)
+                // so we can simply memcpy them across.
+                memcpy(lpContext->ExtendedRegisters + CONTEXT_EXREG_XMM_OFFSET, &pState->fpu_xmm0, 8 * 16);
+            }
+        }
+        break;
+
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        case x86_THREAD_STATE64:
+            if (lpContext->ContextFlags & (CONTEXT_CONTROL | CONTEXT_INTEGER | CONTEXT_SEGMENTS))
+            {
+                x86_thread_state64_t *pState = (x86_thread_state64_t *)threadState;
+
+                lpContext->Rax = pState->__rax;
+                lpContext->Rbx = pState->__rbx;
+                lpContext->Rcx = pState->__rcx;
+                lpContext->Rdx = pState->__rdx;
+                lpContext->Rdi = pState->__rdi;
+                lpContext->Rsi = pState->__rsi;
+                lpContext->Rbp = pState->__rbp;
+                lpContext->Rsp = pState->__rsp;
+                lpContext->R8 = pState->__r8;
+                lpContext->R9 = pState->__r9;
+                lpContext->R10 = pState->__r10;
+                lpContext->R11 = pState->__r11;
+                lpContext->R12 = pState->__r12;
+                lpContext->R13 = pState->__r13;
+                lpContext->R14 = pState->__r14;
+                lpContext->R15 = pState->__r15;
+                lpContext->EFlags = pState->__rflags;
+                lpContext->Rip = pState->__rip;
+                lpContext->SegCs = pState->__cs;
+                // RtlRestoreContext uses the actual ss instead of this one
+                // to build the iret frame so just set it zero.
+                lpContext->SegSs = 0;
+                lpContext->SegDs = 0;
+                lpContext->SegEs = 0;
+                lpContext->SegFs = pState->__fs;
+                lpContext->SegGs = pState->__gs;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case x86_FLOAT_STATE64:
+            if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+            {
+                x86_float_state64_t *pState = (x86_float_state64_t *)threadState;
+
+                lpContext->FltSave.ControlWord = *(DWORD*)&pState->__fpu_fcw;
+                lpContext->FltSave.StatusWord = *(DWORD*)&pState->__fpu_fsw;
+                lpContext->FltSave.TagWord = pState->__fpu_ftw;
+                lpContext->FltSave.ErrorOffset = pState->__fpu_ip;
+                lpContext->FltSave.ErrorSelector = pState->__fpu_cs;
+                lpContext->FltSave.DataOffset = pState->__fpu_dp;
+                lpContext->FltSave.DataSelector = pState->__fpu_ds;
+                lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr = pState->__fpu_mxcsr;
+                lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr_Mask = pState->__fpu_mxcsrmask; // note: we don't save the mask for x86
+
+                // Windows stores the floating point registers in a packed layout (each 10-byte register end to end
+                // for a total of 80 bytes). But Mach returns each register in an 16-bit structure (presumably for
+                // alignment purposes). So we can't just memcpy the registers over in a single block, we need to copy
+                // them individually.
+                for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                    memcpy(&lpContext->FltSave.FloatRegisters[i], (&pState->__fpu_stmm0)[i].__mmst_reg, 10);
+
+                // AMD64's FLOATING_POINT includes the xmm registers.
+                memcpy(&lpContext->Xmm0, &pState->__fpu_xmm0, 8 * 16);
+            }
+            break;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+        case x86_THREAD_STATE:
+        {
+            x86_thread_state_t *pState = (x86_thread_state_t *)threadState;
+            CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState((thread_state_flavor_t)pState->tsh.flavor, (thread_state_t)&pState->uts, lpContext);
+        }
+        break;
+
+        case x86_FLOAT_STATE:
+        {
+            x86_float_state_t *pState = (x86_float_state_t *)threadState;
+            CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromThreadState((thread_state_flavor_t)pState->fsh.flavor, (thread_state_t)&pState->ufs, lpContext);
+        }
+        break;
+
+        default:
+            ASSERT("Invalid thread state flavor %d\n", threadStateFlavor);
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_GetThreadContext(
+         DWORD dwProcessId,
+         pthread_t self,
+         LPCONTEXT lpContext)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+    if (lpContext == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid lpContext parameter value\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    if (GetCurrentProcessId() == dwProcessId)
+    {
+        if (self != pthread_self())
+        {
+            // the target thread is in the current process, but isn't 
+            // the current one: extract the CONTEXT from the Mach thread.            
+            mach_port_t mptPort;
+            mptPort = pthread_mach_thread_np(self);
+   
+            ret = (CONTEXT_GetThreadContextFromPort(mptPort, lpContext) == KERN_SUCCESS);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            CONTEXT_CaptureContext(lpContext);
+            ret = TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Cross-process GetThreadContext() is not supported on this platform\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadContextOnPort
+
+  Helper for CONTEXT_SetThreadContext
+--*/
+kern_return_t
+CONTEXT_SetThreadContextOnPort(
+           mach_port_t Port,
+           IN CONST CONTEXT *lpContext)
+{
+    kern_return_t MachRet = KERN_SUCCESS;
+    mach_msg_type_number_t StateCount;
+    thread_state_flavor_t StateFlavor;
+
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags & (CONTEXT_CONTROL|CONTEXT_INTEGER)) 
+    {
+#ifdef _X86_
+        x86_thread_state32_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_THREAD_STATE32;
+        
+        State.eax = lpContext->Eax;
+        State.ebx = lpContext->Ebx;
+        State.ecx = lpContext->Ecx;
+        State.edx = lpContext->Edx;
+        State.edi = lpContext->Edi;
+        State.esi = lpContext->Esi;
+        State.ebp = lpContext->Ebp;
+        State.esp = lpContext->Esp;
+        State.ss = lpContext->SegSs;
+        State.eflags = lpContext->EFlags;
+        State.eip = lpContext->Eip;
+        State.cs = lpContext->SegCs;
+        State.ds = lpContext->SegDs_PAL_Undefined;
+        State.es = lpContext->SegEs_PAL_Undefined;
+        State.fs = lpContext->SegFs_PAL_Undefined;
+        State.gs = lpContext->SegGs_PAL_Undefined;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        x86_thread_state64_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_THREAD_STATE64;
+
+        State.__rax = lpContext->Rax;
+        State.__rbx = lpContext->Rbx;
+        State.__rcx = lpContext->Rcx;
+        State.__rdx = lpContext->Rdx;
+        State.__rdi = lpContext->Rdi;
+        State.__rsi = lpContext->Rsi;
+        State.__rbp = lpContext->Rbp;
+        State.__rsp = lpContext->Rsp;
+        State.__r8 = lpContext->R8;
+        State.__r9 = lpContext->R9;
+        State.__r10 = lpContext->R10;
+        State.__r11 = lpContext->R11;
+        State.__r12 = lpContext->R12;
+        State.__r13 = lpContext->R13;
+        State.__r14 = lpContext->R14;
+        State.__r15 = lpContext->R15;
+//        State.ss = lpContext->SegSs;
+        State.__rflags = lpContext->EFlags;
+        State.__rip = lpContext->Rip;
+        State.__cs = lpContext->SegCs;
+//        State.ds = lpContext->SegDs_PAL_Undefined;
+//        State.es = lpContext->SegEs_PAL_Undefined;
+        State.__fs = lpContext->SegFs;
+        State.__gs = lpContext->SegGs;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+
+        StateCount = sizeof(State) / sizeof(natural_t);
+
+        MachRet = thread_set_state(Port,
+                                   StateFlavor,
+                                   (thread_state_t)&State,
+                                   StateCount);
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("thread_set_state(THREAD_STATE) failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING)
+    {
+        
+#ifdef _X86_
+        x86_float_state32_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_FLOAT_STATE32;
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+        x86_float_state64_t State;
+        StateFlavor = x86_FLOAT_STATE64;
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+
+        StateCount = sizeof(State) / sizeof(natural_t);
+
+        // If we're setting only one of the floating point or extended registers (of which Mach supports only
+        // the xmm values) then we don't have values for the other set. This is a problem since Mach only
+        // supports setting both groups as a single unit. So in this case we'll need to fetch the current
+        // values first.
+        if ((lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING) !=
+            CONTEXT_ALL_FLOATING)
+        {
+            mach_msg_type_number_t StateCountGet = StateCount;
+            MachRet = thread_get_state(Port,
+                                       StateFlavor,
+                                       (thread_state_t)&State,
+                                       &StateCountGet);
+            if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ASSERT("thread_get_state(FLOAT_STATE) failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+                goto EXIT;
+            }
+            _ASSERTE(StateCountGet == StateCount);
+        }
+
+        if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_FLOATING_POINT)
+        {
+#ifdef _X86_
+            *(DWORD*)&State.fpu_fcw = lpContext->FloatSave.ControlWord;
+            *(DWORD*)&State.fpu_fsw = lpContext->FloatSave.StatusWord;
+            State.fpu_ftw = lpContext->FloatSave.TagWord;
+            State.fpu_ip = lpContext->FloatSave.ErrorOffset;
+            State.fpu_cs = lpContext->FloatSave.ErrorSelector;
+            State.fpu_dp = lpContext->FloatSave.DataOffset;
+            State.fpu_ds = lpContext->FloatSave.DataSelector;
+            State.fpu_mxcsr = lpContext->FloatSave.Cr0NpxState;
+
+            // Windows stores the floating point registers in a packed layout (each 10-byte register end to
+            // end for a total of 80 bytes). But Mach returns each register in an 16-bit structure (presumably
+            // for alignment purposes). So we can't just memcpy the registers over in a single block, we need
+            // to copy them individually.
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                memcpy((&State.fpu_stmm0)[i].mmst_reg, &lpContext->FloatSave.RegisterArea[i * 10], 10);
+#elif defined(_AMD64_)
+            *(DWORD*)&State.__fpu_fcw = lpContext->FltSave.ControlWord;
+            *(DWORD*)&State.__fpu_fsw = lpContext->FltSave.StatusWord;
+            State.__fpu_ftw = lpContext->FltSave.TagWord;
+            State.__fpu_ip = lpContext->FltSave.ErrorOffset;
+            State.__fpu_cs = lpContext->FltSave.ErrorSelector;
+            State.__fpu_dp = lpContext->FltSave.DataOffset;
+            State.__fpu_ds = lpContext->FltSave.DataSelector;
+            State.__fpu_mxcsr = lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr;
+            State.__fpu_mxcsrmask = lpContext->FltSave.MxCsr_Mask; // note: we don't save the mask for x86
+
+            // Windows stores the floating point registers in a packed layout (each 10-byte register end to
+            // end for a total of 80 bytes). But Mach returns each register in an 16-bit structure (presumably
+            // for alignment purposes). So we can't just memcpy the registers over in a single block, we need
+            // to copy them individually.
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+                memcpy((&State.__fpu_stmm0)[i].__mmst_reg, &lpContext->FltSave.FloatRegisters[i], 10);
+
+            memcpy(&State.__fpu_xmm0, &lpContext->Xmm0, 8 * 16);
+#else
+#error Unexpected architecture.
+#endif
+        }
+
+#ifdef _X86_
+        if (lpContext->ContextFlags & CONTEXT_EXTENDED_REGISTERS)
+        {
+            // The only extended register information that Mach will tell us about are the xmm register
+            // values. Both Windows and Mach store the registers in a packed layout (each of the 8 registers
+            // is 16 bytes) so we can simply memcpy them across.
+            memcpy(&State.fpu_xmm0, lpContext->ExtendedRegisters + CONTEXT_EXREG_XMM_OFFSET, 8 * 16);
+        }
+#endif // _X86_
+
+        MachRet = thread_set_state(Port,
+                                   StateFlavor,
+                                   (thread_state_t)&State,
+                                   StateCount);
+        if (MachRet != KERN_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ASSERT("thread_set_state(FLOAT_STATE) failed: %d\n", MachRet);
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }    
+
+EXIT:
+    return MachRet;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadContext
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+CONTEXT_SetThreadContext(
+           DWORD dwProcessId,
+           pthread_t self,
+           CONST CONTEXT *lpContext)
+{
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+    if (lpContext == NULL) 
+    {
+        ERROR("Invalid lpContext parameter value\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (dwProcessId != GetCurrentProcessId()) 
+    {
+        // GetThreadContext() of a thread in another process
+        ASSERT("Cross-process GetThreadContext() is not supported\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOACCESS);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    if (self != pthread_self())
+    {
+        // hThread is in the current process, but isn't the current
+        // thread.  Extract the CONTEXT from the Mach thread.
+
+        mach_port_t mptPort;
+
+        mptPort = pthread_mach_thread_np(self);
+    
+        ret = (CONTEXT_SetThreadContextOnPort(mptPort, lpContext) == KERN_SUCCESS);
+    } 
+    else 
+    {
+        MachSetThreadContext(const_cast<CONTEXT *>(lpContext));
+        ASSERT("MachSetThreadContext should never return\n");
+    }
+
+EXIT:
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#endif // !HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  DBG_FlushInstructionCache: processor-specific portion of 
+  FlushInstructionCache
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+DBG_FlushInstructionCache(
+                          IN LPCVOID lpBaseAddress,
+                          IN SIZE_T dwSize)
+{
+    // Intrinsic should do the right thing across all platforms
+    __builtin___clear_cache((char *)lpBaseAddress, (char *)((INT_PTR)lpBaseAddress + dwSize));
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/process.cpp b/src/pal/src/thread/process.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..315145dc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/process.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4615 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    process.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of process object and functions related to processes.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/procobj.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/file.hpp"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "procprivate.hpp"
+#include "pal/palinternal.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/critsect.h"
+#include "pal/debug.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/utils.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/stackstring.hpp"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#if HAVE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#else
+#include "pal/fakepoll.h"
+#endif  // HAVE_POLL
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#include <debugmacrosext.h>
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NetBSD__
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#include <kvm.h>
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(PROCESS);
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otProcess(
+                otiProcess,
+                NULL,
+                NULL,
+                0,
+                sizeof(CProcProcessLocalData),
+                0,
+                PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::CrossProcessDuplicationAllowed,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::SingleTransitionObject,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects,
+                CObjectType::NoOwner
+                );
+
+static
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+StartupHelperThread(
+    LPVOID p);
+
+static 
+BOOL 
+GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey(
+    IN DWORD processId, 
+    OUT UINT64 *disambiguationKey);
+
+//
+// Helper memory page used by the FlushProcessWriteBuffers
+//
+static int s_helperPage[VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(int)] __attribute__((aligned(VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE)));
+
+//
+// Mutex to make the FlushProcessWriteBuffersMutex thread safe
+// 
+pthread_mutex_t flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex;
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotProcess(otiProcess);
+
+//
+// The representative IPalObject for this process
+//
+IPalObject* CorUnix::g_pobjProcess;
+
+//
+// Critical section that protects process data (e.g., the
+// list of active threads)/
+//
+CRITICAL_SECTION g_csProcess;
+
+//
+// List and count of active threads
+//
+CPalThread* CorUnix::pGThreadList;
+DWORD g_dwThreadCount;
+
+//
+// The command line and app name for the process
+//
+LPWSTR g_lpwstrCmdLine = NULL;
+LPWSTR g_lpwstrAppDir = NULL;
+
+// Thread ID of thread that has started the ExitProcess process 
+Volatile<LONG> terminator = 0;
+
+// Process and session ID of this process.
+DWORD gPID = (DWORD) -1;
+DWORD gSID = (DWORD) -1;
+
+// The lowest common supported semaphore length, including null character
+// NetBSD-7.99.25: 15 characters
+// MacOSX 10.11: 31 -- Core 1.0 RC2 compatibility
+#if defined(__NetBSD__)
+#define CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN 15
+#else
+#define CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN (NAME_MAX - 4)
+#endif
+
+// Function to call during PAL/process shutdown/abort
+Volatile<PSHUTDOWN_CALLBACK> g_shutdownCallback = nullptr;
+
+//
+// Key used for associating CPalThread's with the underlying pthread
+// (through pthread_setspecific)
+//
+pthread_key_t CorUnix::thObjKey;
+
+#define PROCESS_PELOADER_FILENAME  "clix"
+
+static WCHAR W16_WHITESPACE[]= {0x0020, 0x0009, 0x000D, 0};
+static WCHAR W16_WHITESPACE_DQUOTE[]= {0x0020, 0x0009, 0x000D, '"', 0};
+
+enum FILETYPE
+{
+    FILE_ERROR,/*ERROR*/
+    FILE_PE,   /*PE/COFF file*/
+    FILE_UNIX, /*Unix Executable*/
+    FILE_DIR   /*Directory*/
+};
+
+PAL_ERROR
+PROCGetProcessStatus(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    PROCESS_STATE *pps,
+    DWORD *pdwExitCode
+    );
+
+static BOOL getFileName(LPCWSTR lpApplicationName, LPWSTR lpCommandLine,
+                        PathCharString& lpFileName);
+static char ** buildArgv(LPCWSTR lpCommandLine, PathCharString& lpAppPath,
+                         UINT *pnArg, BOOL prependLoader);
+static BOOL getPath(PathCharString& lpFileName, PathCharString& lpPathFileName);
+static int checkFileType(LPCSTR lpFileName);
+static BOOL PROCEndProcess(HANDLE hProcess, UINT uExitCode,
+                           BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally);
+
+ProcessModules *GetProcessModulesFromHandle(IN HANDLE hProcess, OUT LPDWORD lpCount);
+ProcessModules *CreateProcessModules(IN DWORD dwProcessId, OUT LPDWORD lpCount);
+void DestroyProcessModules(IN ProcessModules *listHead);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentProcessId
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentProcessId(
+            VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentProcessId);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentProcessId()\n" );
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentProcessId returns DWORD %#x\n", gPID);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentProcessId);
+    return gPID;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentSessionId
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentSessionId(
+            VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentSessionId);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentSessionId()\n" );
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentSessionId returns DWORD %#x\n", gSID);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentSessionId);
+    return gSID;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentProcess
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentProcess(
+          VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentProcess);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentProcess()\n" );
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentProcess returns HANDLE %p\n", hPseudoCurrentProcess);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentProcess);
+
+    /* return a pseudo handle */
+    return hPseudoCurrentProcess;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateProcessA
+
+Note:
+  Only Standard handles need to be inherited.
+  Security attributes parameters are not used.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CreateProcessA(
+           IN LPCSTR lpApplicationName,
+           IN LPSTR lpCommandLine,
+           IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
+           IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+           IN BOOL bInheritHandles,
+           IN DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+           IN LPVOID lpEnvironment,
+           IN LPCSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
+           IN LPSTARTUPINFOA lpStartupInfo,
+           OUT LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    STARTUPINFOW StartupInfoW;
+    LPWSTR CommandLineW = NULL;
+    LPWSTR ApplicationNameW = NULL;
+    LPWSTR CurrentDirectoryW = NULL;
+
+    int n;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateProcessA);
+    ENTRY("CreateProcessA(lpAppName=%p (%s), lpCmdLine=%p (%s), lpProcessAttr=%p, "
+          "lpThreadAttr=%p, bInherit=%d, dwFlags=%#x, lpEnv=%p, "
+          "lpCurrentDir=%p (%s), lpStartupInfo=%p, lpProcessInfo=%p)\n",
+           lpApplicationName?lpApplicationName:"NULL",
+           lpApplicationName?lpApplicationName:"NULL",
+           lpCommandLine?lpCommandLine:"NULL",
+           lpCommandLine?lpCommandLine:"NULL",
+           lpProcessAttributes, lpThreadAttributes, bInheritHandles,
+           dwCreationFlags, lpEnvironment,
+           lpCurrentDirectory?lpCurrentDirectory:"NULL",
+           lpCurrentDirectory?lpCurrentDirectory:"NULL",
+           lpStartupInfo, lpProcessInformation);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if(lpStartupInfo == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpStartupInfo is NULL!\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    /* convert parameters to Unicode */
+
+    if(lpApplicationName)
+    {
+        n = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpApplicationName, -1, NULL, 0);
+        if(0 == n)
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        ApplicationNameW = (LPWSTR)InternalMalloc(sizeof(WCHAR)*n);
+        if(!ApplicationNameW)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc() failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpApplicationName, -1, ApplicationNameW,
+                            n);
+    }
+
+    if(lpCommandLine)
+    {
+        n = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpCommandLine, -1, NULL, 0);
+        if(0 == n)
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        CommandLineW = (LPWSTR)InternalMalloc(sizeof(WCHAR)*n);
+        if(!CommandLineW)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc() failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpCommandLine, -1, CommandLineW, n);
+    }
+
+    if(lpCurrentDirectory)
+    {
+        n = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpCurrentDirectory, -1, NULL, 0);
+        if(0 == n)
+        {
+            ASSERT("MultiByteToWideChar failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        CurrentDirectoryW = (LPWSTR)InternalMalloc(sizeof(WCHAR)*n);
+        if(!CurrentDirectoryW)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc() failed!\n");
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto done;
+        }
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpCurrentDirectory, -1,
+                            CurrentDirectoryW, n);
+    }
+
+    // lpEnvironment should remain ansi on the call to CreateProcessW
+
+    StartupInfoW.cb = sizeof StartupInfoW;
+    StartupInfoW.dwFlags = lpStartupInfo->dwFlags;
+    StartupInfoW.hStdError = lpStartupInfo->hStdError;
+    StartupInfoW.hStdInput = lpStartupInfo->hStdInput;
+    StartupInfoW.hStdOutput = lpStartupInfo->hStdOutput;
+    /* all other members are PAL_Undefined, we can ignore them */
+
+    palError  = InternalCreateProcess(
+        pThread,
+        ApplicationNameW,
+        CommandLineW,
+        lpProcessAttributes,
+        lpThreadAttributes,
+        bInheritHandles,
+        dwCreationFlags,
+        lpEnvironment,
+        CurrentDirectoryW,
+        &StartupInfoW,
+        lpProcessInformation
+        );
+done:
+    free(ApplicationNameW);
+    free(CommandLineW);
+    free(CurrentDirectoryW);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateProcessA returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateProcessA);
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateProcessW
+
+Note:
+  Only Standard handles need to be inherited.
+  Security attributes parameters are not used.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+CreateProcessW(
+           IN LPCWSTR lpApplicationName,
+           IN LPWSTR lpCommandLine,
+           IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
+           IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+           IN BOOL bInheritHandles,
+           IN DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+           IN LPVOID lpEnvironment,
+           IN LPCWSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
+           IN LPSTARTUPINFOW lpStartupInfo,
+           OUT LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateProcessW);
+    ENTRY("CreateProcessW(lpAppName=%p (%S), lpCmdLine=%p (%S), lpProcessAttr=%p,"
+           "lpThreadAttr=%p, bInherit=%d, dwFlags=%#x, lpEnv=%p,"
+           "lpCurrentDir=%p (%S), lpStartupInfo=%p, lpProcessInfo=%p)\n",
+           lpApplicationName?lpApplicationName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpApplicationName?lpApplicationName:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpCommandLine?lpCommandLine:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpCommandLine?lpCommandLine:W16_NULLSTRING,lpProcessAttributes,
+           lpThreadAttributes, bInheritHandles, dwCreationFlags,lpEnvironment,
+           lpCurrentDirectory?lpCurrentDirectory:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpCurrentDirectory?lpCurrentDirectory:W16_NULLSTRING,
+           lpStartupInfo, lpProcessInformation);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateProcess(
+        pThread,
+        lpApplicationName,
+        lpCommandLine,
+        lpProcessAttributes,
+        lpThreadAttributes,
+        bInheritHandles,
+        dwCreationFlags,
+        lpEnvironment,
+        lpCurrentDirectory,
+        lpStartupInfo,
+        lpProcessInformation
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateProcessW returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateProcessW);
+
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+PrepareStandardHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hFile,
+    IPalObject **ppobjFile,
+    int *piFd
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjFile = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    CFileProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    int iError = 0;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hFile,
+        &aotFile,
+        0,
+        &pobjFile
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Bad handle passed through CreateProcess\n");
+        goto PrepareStandardHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjFile->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        ReadLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to access file data\n");
+        goto PrepareStandardHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // The passed in file needs to be inheritable
+    //
+
+    if (!pLocalData->inheritable)
+    {
+        ERROR("Non-inheritable handle passed through CreateProcess\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto PrepareStandardHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = fcntl(pLocalData->unix_fd, F_SETFD, 0);
+    if (-1 == iError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to remove close-on-exec for file (errno %i)\n", errno);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto PrepareStandardHandleExit;
+    }
+
+    *piFd = pLocalData->unix_fd;
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    pDataLock = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Transfer pobjFile reference to out parameter
+    //
+
+    *ppobjFile = pobjFile;
+    pobjFile = NULL;
+
+PrepareStandardHandleExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjFile)
+    {
+        pobjFile->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateProcess(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    LPCWSTR lpApplicationName,
+    LPWSTR lpCommandLine,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+    BOOL bInheritHandles,
+    DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+    LPVOID lpEnvironment,
+    LPCWSTR lpCurrentDirectory,
+    LPSTARTUPINFOW lpStartupInfo,
+    LPPROCESS_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcessRegistered = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+    IDataLock *pSharedDataLock = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pDummyThread = NULL;
+    HANDLE hDummyThread = NULL;
+    HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oa(NULL, lpProcessAttributes);
+
+    IPalObject *pobjFileIn = NULL;
+    int iFdIn = -1;
+    IPalObject *pobjFileOut = NULL;
+    int iFdOut = -1;
+    IPalObject *pobjFileErr = NULL;
+    int iFdErr = -1;
+    
+    pid_t processId;
+    PathCharString lpFileNamePS;
+    char **lppArgv = NULL;
+    UINT nArg;
+    int  iRet;
+    char **EnvironmentArray=NULL;
+    int child_blocking_pipe = -1;
+    int parent_blocking_pipe = -1;
+
+    /* Validate parameters */
+
+    /* note : specs indicate lpApplicationName should always
+       be NULL; however support for it is already implemented. Leaving the code
+       in, specs can change; but rejecting non-NULL for now to conform to the
+       spec. */
+    if( NULL != lpApplicationName )
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpApplicationName should be NULL, but is %S instead\n",
+               lpApplicationName);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    } 
+
+    if (0 != (dwCreationFlags & ~(CREATE_SUSPENDED|CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE)))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unexpected creation flags (%#x)\n", dwCreationFlags);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* Security attributes parameters are ignored */
+    if (lpProcessAttributes != NULL &&
+        (lpProcessAttributes->lpSecurityDescriptor != NULL ||
+         lpProcessAttributes->bInheritHandle != TRUE))
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpProcessAttributes is invalid, parameter ignored (%p)\n",
+               lpProcessAttributes);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    if (lpThreadAttributes != NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpThreadAttributes parameter must be NULL (%p)\n",
+               lpThreadAttributes);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* note : Win32 crashes in this case */
+    if(NULL == lpStartupInfo)
+    {
+        ERROR("lpStartupInfo is NULL\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* Validate lpStartupInfo.cb field */
+    if (lpStartupInfo->cb < sizeof(STARTUPINFOW))
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpStartupInfo parameter structure size is invalid (%u)\n",
+              lpStartupInfo->cb);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* lpStartupInfo should be either zero or STARTF_USESTDHANDLES */
+    if (lpStartupInfo->dwFlags & ~STARTF_USESTDHANDLES)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpStartupInfo parameter invalid flags (%#x)\n",
+              lpStartupInfo->dwFlags);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* validate given standard handles if we have any */
+    if (lpStartupInfo->dwFlags & STARTF_USESTDHANDLES)
+    {
+        palError = PrepareStandardHandle(
+            pThread,
+            lpStartupInfo->hStdInput,
+            &pobjFileIn,
+            &iFdIn
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+        }
+
+        palError = PrepareStandardHandle(
+            pThread,
+            lpStartupInfo->hStdOutput,
+            &pobjFileOut,
+            &iFdOut
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+        }
+
+        palError = PrepareStandardHandle(
+            pThread,
+            lpStartupInfo->hStdError,
+            &pobjFileErr,
+            &iFdErr
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!getFileName(lpApplicationName, lpCommandLine, lpFileNamePS))
+    {
+        ERROR("Can't find executable!\n");
+        palError = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+    
+    /* check type of file */
+    iRet = checkFileType(lpFileNamePS);
+
+    switch (iRet)
+    {
+        case FILE_ERROR: /* file not found, or not an executable */
+            WARN ("File is not valid (%s)", lpFileNamePS.GetString());
+            palError = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+
+        case FILE_PE: /* PE/COFF file */
+            //Get the path name where the PAL DLL was loaded from
+            if ( PAL_GetPALDirectoryA( lpFileNamePS ))
+            {
+                if (lpFileNamePS.Append("/", 1) == FALSE  ||
+                    lpFileNamePS.Append( PROCESS_PELOADER_FILENAME, strlen(PROCESS_PELOADER_FILENAME)) == FALSE)
+                {
+                    ERROR("Append failed!\n");
+                    palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                    goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ASSERT("PAL_GetPALDirectoryA failed to return the"
+                       "pal installation directory \n");
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case FILE_UNIX: /* Unix binary file */
+            break;  /* nothing to do */
+
+        case FILE_DIR:/*Directory*/
+            WARN ("File is a Directory (%s)", lpFileNamePS.GetString());
+            palError = ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED;
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+            break;
+
+        default: /* not supposed to get here */
+            ASSERT ("Invalid return type from checkFileType");
+            palError = ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND;
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* build Argument list, lppArgv is allocated in buildArgv function and
+       requires to be freed */
+    lppArgv = buildArgv(lpCommandLine, lpFileNamePS, &nArg, iRet==1);
+
+    /* set the Environment variable */
+    if (lpEnvironment != NULL)
+    {
+        unsigned i;
+        // Since CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT isn't supported we know the string is ansi
+        unsigned EnvironmentEntries = 0;
+        // Convert the environment block to array of strings
+        // Count the number of entries
+        // Is it a string that contains null terminated string, the end is delimited
+        // by two null in a row.
+        for (i = 0; ((char *)lpEnvironment)[i]!='\0'; i++)
+        {
+            EnvironmentEntries ++;
+            for (;((char *)lpEnvironment)[i]!='\0'; i++)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+        EnvironmentEntries++;
+        EnvironmentArray = (char **)InternalMalloc(EnvironmentEntries * sizeof(char *));
+
+        EnvironmentEntries = 0;
+        // Convert the environment block to array of strings
+        // Count the number of entries
+        // Is it a string that contains null terminated string, the end is delimited
+        // by two null in a row.
+        for (i = 0; ((char *)lpEnvironment)[i]!='\0'; i++)
+        {
+            EnvironmentArray[EnvironmentEntries] = &((char *)lpEnvironment)[i];
+            EnvironmentEntries ++;
+            for (;((char *)lpEnvironment)[i]!='\0'; i++)
+            {
+            }
+        }
+        EnvironmentArray[EnvironmentEntries] = NULL;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Allocate and register the process object for the new process
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otProcess,
+        &oa, 
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate object for new proccess\n");
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,
+        &hProcess,
+        &pobjProcessRegistered
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjProcess is invalidated by the above call, so
+    // NULL it out here
+    //
+
+    pobjProcess = NULL;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to register new process object\n");
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Create a new "dummy" thread object
+    //
+
+    palError = InternalCreateDummyThread(
+        pThread,
+        lpThreadAttributes,
+        &pDummyThread,
+        &hDummyThread
+        );
+    
+    if (dwCreationFlags & CREATE_SUSPENDED)
+    {
+        int pipe_descs[2];
+
+        if (-1 == pipe(pipe_descs))
+        {
+            ERROR("pipe() failed! error is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+        }                        
+
+        /* [0] is read end, [1] is write end */
+        pDummyThread->suspensionInfo.SetBlockingPipe(pipe_descs[1]);
+        parent_blocking_pipe = pipe_descs[1];
+        child_blocking_pipe = pipe_descs[0];
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcessRegistered->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pLocalDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to obtain local data for new process object\n");
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;    
+    }
+        
+
+    /* fork the new process */
+    processId = fork();
+
+    if (processId == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to create a new process with fork()\n");
+        if (-1 != child_blocking_pipe)
+        {
+            close(child_blocking_pipe);
+            close(parent_blocking_pipe);
+        }
+
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalCreateProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    /* From the time the child process begins running, to when it reaches execve, 
+    the child process is not a real PAL process and does not own any PAL
+    resources, although it has access to the PAL resources of its parent process. 
+    Thus, while the child process is in this window, it is dangerous for it to affect 
+    its parent's PAL resources. As a consequence, no PAL code should be used
+    in this window; all code should make unix calls. Note the use of _exit
+    instead of exit to avoid calling PAL_Terminate and the lack of TRACE's and
+    ASSERT's. */
+    
+    if (processId == 0)  /* child process */
+    {
+        // At this point, the PAL should be considered uninitialized for this child process.
+
+        // Don't want to enter the init_critsec here since we're trying to avoid
+        // calling PAL functions. Furthermore, nothing should be changing
+        // the init_count in the child process at this point since this is the only
+        // thread executing.
+        init_count = 0; 
+        
+        sigset_t sm;
+
+        //
+        // Clear out the signal mask for the new process.
+        //
+
+        sigemptyset(&sm);
+        iRet = sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sm, NULL);
+        if (iRet != 0)
+        {
+            _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+        
+        if (dwCreationFlags & CREATE_SUSPENDED)
+        {
+            BYTE resume_code = 0;
+            ssize_t read_ret;
+
+            /* close the write end of the pipe, the child doesn't need it */
+            close(parent_blocking_pipe);
+
+            read_again:
+            /* block until ResumeThread writes something to the pipe */
+            read_ret = read(child_blocking_pipe, &resume_code, sizeof(resume_code));
+            if (sizeof(resume_code) != read_ret)
+            {
+                if (read_ret == -1 && EINTR == errno)
+                {
+                    goto read_again;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* note : read might return 0 (and return EAGAIN) if the other 
+                       end of the pipe gets closed - for example because the parent
+                       process dies (very) abruptly */
+                    _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+                }
+            }
+            if (WAKEUPCODE != resume_code)
+            {
+                // resume_code should always equal WAKEUPCODE.
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+
+            close(child_blocking_pipe);
+        }
+
+        /* Set the current directory */
+        if (lpCurrentDirectory)
+        {
+            SetCurrentDirectoryW(lpCurrentDirectory);
+        }
+
+        /* Set the standard handles to the incoming values */
+        if (lpStartupInfo->dwFlags & STARTF_USESTDHANDLES)
+        {
+            /* For each handle, we need to duplicate the incoming unix
+               fd to the corresponding standard one.  The API that I use,
+               dup2, will copy the source to the destination, automatically
+               closing the existing destination, in an atomic way */
+            if (dup2(iFdIn, STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
+            {
+                // Didn't duplicate standard in.
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+
+            if (dup2(iFdOut, STDOUT_FILENO) == -1)
+            {
+                // Didn't duplicate standard out.
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+            }
+
+            if (dup2(iFdErr, STDERR_FILENO) == -1)
+            {
+                // Didn't duplicate standard error.
+                _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);            
+            }
+            
+            /* now close the original FDs, we don't need them anymore */
+            close(iFdIn);
+            close(iFdOut);
+            close(iFdErr);
+        }
+
+        /* execute the new process */
+
+        if (EnvironmentArray)
+        {
+            execve(lpFileNamePS, lppArgv, EnvironmentArray);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            execve(lpFileNamePS, lppArgv, palEnvironment);
+        }
+
+        /* if we get here, it means the execve function call failed so just exit */
+        _exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+    }
+
+    /* parent process */
+
+    /* close the read end of the pipe, the parent doesn't need it */
+    close(child_blocking_pipe);
+
+    /* Set the process ID */
+    pLocalData->dwProcessId = processId;
+    pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    pLocalDataLock = NULL;
+    
+    // 
+    // Release file handle info; we don't need them anymore. Note that
+    // this must happen after we've released the data locks, as
+    // otherwise a deadlock could result.
+    //
+    
+    if (lpStartupInfo->dwFlags & STARTF_USESTDHANDLES)
+    {
+        pobjFileIn->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        pobjFileIn = NULL;
+        pobjFileOut->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        pobjFileOut = NULL;
+        pobjFileErr->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        pobjFileErr = NULL;
+    }
+
+    /* fill PROCESS_INFORMATION strucutre */
+    lpProcessInformation->hProcess = hProcess;
+    lpProcessInformation->hThread = hDummyThread;
+    lpProcessInformation->dwProcessId = processId;
+    lpProcessInformation->dwThreadId_PAL_Undefined = 0;
+
+
+    TRACE("New process created: id=%#x\n", processId);
+
+InternalCreateProcessExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pLocalDataLock)
+    {
+        pLocalDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pSharedDataLock)
+    {
+        pSharedDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcessRegistered)
+    {
+        pobjProcessRegistered->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (NULL != hProcess)
+        {
+            g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hProcess);
+        }
+
+        if (NULL != hDummyThread)
+        {
+            g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hDummyThread);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (EnvironmentArray)
+    {
+        free(EnvironmentArray);
+    }
+
+    /* if we still have the file structures at this point, it means we 
+       encountered an error sometime between when we acquired them and when we 
+       fork()ed. We not only have to release them, we have to give them back 
+       their close-on-exec flag */
+    if (NULL != pobjFileIn) 
+    {
+        if(-1 == fcntl(iFdIn, F_SETFD, 1))
+        {
+            WARN("couldn't restore close-on-exec flag to stdin descriptor! "
+                 "errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        pobjFileIn->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != pobjFileOut) 
+    {
+        if(-1 == fcntl(iFdOut, F_SETFD, 1))
+        {
+            WARN("couldn't restore close-on-exec flag to stdout descriptor! "
+                 "errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        pobjFileOut->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    if (NULL != pobjFileErr) 
+    {
+        if(-1 == fcntl(iFdErr, F_SETFD, 1))
+        {
+            WARN("couldn't restore close-on-exec flag to stderr descriptor! "
+                 "errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        pobjFileErr->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    /* free allocated memory */
+    if (lppArgv)
+    {
+        free(*lppArgv);
+        free(lppArgv);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetExitCodeProcess
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetExitCodeProcess(
+    IN HANDLE hProcess,
+    IN LPDWORD lpExitCode)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    DWORD dwExitCode;
+    PROCESS_STATE ps;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetExitCodeProcess);
+    ENTRY("GetExitCodeProcess(hProcess = %p, lpExitCode = %p)\n",
+          hProcess, lpExitCode);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if(NULL == lpExitCode)
+    {
+        WARN("Got NULL lpExitCode\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    palError = PROCGetProcessStatus(
+        pThread,
+        hProcess,
+        &ps,
+        &dwExitCode
+        );
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Couldn't get process status information!\n");
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    if( PS_DONE == ps )
+    {
+        *lpExitCode = dwExitCode;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *lpExitCode = STILL_ACTIVE;
+    }
+
+done:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("GetExitCodeProcess returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetExitCodeProcess);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ExitProcess
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN
+VOID
+PALAPI
+ExitProcess(
+    IN UINT uExitCode)
+{
+    DWORD old_terminator;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY_ONLY(ExitProcess);
+    ENTRY("ExitProcess(uExitCode=0x%x)\n", uExitCode );
+
+    old_terminator = InterlockedCompareExchange(&terminator, GetCurrentThreadId(), 0);
+
+    if (GetCurrentThreadId() == old_terminator)
+    {
+        // This thread has already initiated termination. This can happen
+        // in two ways:
+        // 1) DllMain(DLL_PROCESS_DETACH) triggers a call to ExitProcess.
+        // 2) PAL_exit() is called after the last PALTerminate().
+        // If the PAL is still initialized, we go straight through to
+        // PROCEndProcess. If it isn't, we simply exit.
+        if (!PALIsInitialized())
+        {
+            exit(uExitCode);
+            ASSERT("exit has returned\n");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            WARN("thread re-called ExitProcess\n");
+            PROCEndProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), uExitCode, FALSE);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (0 != old_terminator)
+    {
+        /* another thread has already initiated the termination process. we 
+           could just block on the PALInitLock critical section, but then 
+           PROCSuspendOtherThreads would hang... so sleep forever here, we're
+           terminating anyway 
+
+           Update: [TODO] PROCSuspendOtherThreads has been removed. Can this 
+           code be changed? */
+        WARN("termination already started from another thread; blocking.\n");
+        poll(NULL, 0, INFTIM);
+    }
+
+    /* ExitProcess may be called even if PAL is not initialized.
+       Verify if process structure exist
+    */
+    if (PALInitLock() && PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        PROCEndProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), uExitCode, FALSE);
+
+        /* Should not get here, because we terminate the current process */
+        ASSERT("PROCEndProcess has returned\n");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        exit(uExitCode);
+        
+        /* Should not get here, because we terminate the current process */
+        ASSERT("exit has returned\n");
+    }
+
+    /* this should never get executed */
+    ASSERT("ExitProcess should not return!\n");
+    for (;;);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TerminateProcess
+
+Note:
+  hProcess is a handle on the current process.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+TerminateProcess(
+    IN HANDLE hProcess,
+    IN UINT uExitCode)
+{
+    BOOL ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(TerminateProcess);
+    ENTRY("TerminateProcess(hProcess=%p, uExitCode=%u)\n",hProcess, uExitCode );
+
+    ret = PROCEndProcess(hProcess, uExitCode, TRUE);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("TerminateProcess returns BOOL %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(TerminateProcess);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCEndProcess
+  
+  Called from TerminateProcess and ExitProcess. This does the work of
+  TerminateProcess, but also takes a flag that determines whether we
+  shut down unconditionally. If the flag is set, the PAL will do very
+  little extra work before exiting. Most importantly, it won't shut
+  down any DLLs that are loaded.
+
+--*/
+static BOOL PROCEndProcess(HANDLE hProcess, UINT uExitCode, BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally)
+{
+    DWORD dwProcessId;
+    BOOL ret = FALSE;
+
+    dwProcessId = PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hProcess);
+    if (dwProcessId == 0)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+    }
+    else if(dwProcessId != GetCurrentProcessId())
+    {
+        if (uExitCode != 0)
+            WARN("exit code 0x%x ignored for external process.\n", uExitCode);
+            
+        if (kill(dwProcessId, SIGKILL) == 0)
+        {
+            ret = TRUE;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            switch (errno) {
+            case ESRCH:
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+                break;
+            case EPERM:
+                SetLastError(ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED);
+                break;
+            default:
+                // Unexpected failure.
+                ASSERT(FALSE);
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // WARN/ERROR before starting the termination process and/or leaving the PAL.
+        if (bTerminateUnconditionally)
+        {
+            WARN("exit code 0x%x ignored for terminate.\n", uExitCode);
+        }
+        else if ((uExitCode & 0xff) != uExitCode)
+        {
+            // TODO: Convert uExitCodes into sysexits(3)?
+            ERROR("exit() only supports the lower 8-bits of an exit code. "
+                "status will only see error 0x%x instead of 0x%x.\n", uExitCode & 0xff, uExitCode);
+        }
+
+        TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit(bTerminateUnconditionally);
+        
+        LOGEXIT("PROCEndProcess will not return\n");
+
+        // exit() runs atexit handlers possibly registered by foreign code.
+        // The right thing to do here is to leave the PAL.  If our client
+        // registered our own PAL_Terminate with atexit(), the latter will
+        // explicitly re-enter us.
+        PAL_Leave(PAL_BoundaryBottom);
+        
+        if (bTerminateUnconditionally)
+        {
+            // abort() has the semantics that 
+            // (1) it doesn't run atexit handlers
+            // (2) can invoke CrashReporter or produce a coredump,
+            // which is appropriate for TerminateProcess calls
+            abort();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            exit(uExitCode);
+        }
+
+        ASSERT(FALSE); // we shouldn't get here
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_SetShutdownCallback
+
+Abstract:
+  Sets a callback that is executed when the PAL is shut down because of
+  ExitProcess, TerminateProcess or PAL_Shutdown but not PAL_Terminate/Ex.
+
+  NOTE: Currently only one callback can be set at a time.
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_SetShutdownCallback(
+    IN PSHUTDOWN_CALLBACK callback)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(g_shutdownCallback == nullptr);
+    g_shutdownCallback = callback;
+}
+
+static bool IsCoreClrModule(const char* pModulePath)
+{
+    // Strip off everything up to and including the last slash in the path to get name
+    const char* pModuleName = pModulePath;
+    while (strchr(pModuleName, '/') != NULL)
+    {
+        pModuleName = strchr(pModuleName, '/');
+        pModuleName++; // pass the slash
+    }
+
+    return _stricmp(pModuleName, MAKEDLLNAME_A("coreclr")) == 0;
+}
+
+// Build the semaphore names using the PID and a value that can be used for distinguishing
+// between processes with the same PID (which ran at different times). This is to avoid
+// cases where a prior process with the same PID exited abnormally without having a chance
+// to clean up its semaphore. 
+// Note to anyone modifying these names in the future: Semaphore names on OS X are limited
+// to SEM_NAME_LEN characters, including null. SEM_NAME_LEN is 31 (at least on OS X 10.11).
+// NetBSD limits semaphore names to 15 characters, including null (at least up to 7.99.25).
+// Keep 31 length for Core 1.0 RC2 compatibility
+#if defined(__NetBSD__)
+static const char* RuntimeStartupSemaphoreName = "/clrst%08llx";
+static const char* RuntimeContinueSemaphoreName = "/clrco%08llx";
+#else
+static const char* RuntimeStartupSemaphoreName = "/clrst%08x%016llx";
+static const char* RuntimeContinueSemaphoreName = "/clrco%08x%016llx";
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__NetBSD__)
+static uint64_t HashSemaphoreName(uint64_t a, uint64_t b)
+{
+    return (a ^ b) & 0xffffffff;
+}
+#else
+#define HashSemaphoreName(a,b) a,b
+#endif
+
+static const char* PipeNameFormat = "/tmp/clr-debug-pipe-%d-%llu-%s";
+
+class PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper
+{
+    LONG m_ref;
+    bool m_canceled;
+    PPAL_STARTUP_CALLBACK m_callback;
+    PVOID m_parameter;
+    DWORD m_threadId;
+    HANDLE m_threadHandle;
+    DWORD m_processId;
+
+    // A value that, used in conjunction with the process ID, uniquely identifies a process.
+    // See the format we use for debugger semaphore names for why this is necessary.
+    UINT64 m_processIdDisambiguationKey;
+
+    // Debugger waits on this semaphore and the runtime signals it on startup.
+    sem_t *m_startupSem;
+
+    // Debuggee waits on this semaphore and the debugger signals it after the startup callback 
+    // registered (m_callback) returns.
+    sem_t *m_continueSem;
+
+public:
+    PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper(DWORD dwProcessId, PPAL_STARTUP_CALLBACK pfnCallback, PVOID parameter) :
+        m_ref(1),
+        m_canceled(false),
+        m_callback(pfnCallback),
+        m_parameter(parameter),
+        m_threadId(0),
+        m_threadHandle(NULL),
+        m_processId(dwProcessId),
+        m_startupSem(SEM_FAILED),
+        m_continueSem(SEM_FAILED)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper()
+    {
+        if (m_startupSem != SEM_FAILED)
+        {
+            char startupSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+            sprintf_s(startupSemName,
+                      sizeof(startupSemName),
+                      RuntimeStartupSemaphoreName,
+                      HashSemaphoreName(m_processId,
+                                        m_processIdDisambiguationKey));
+
+            sem_close(m_startupSem);
+            sem_unlink(startupSemName);
+        }
+
+        if (m_continueSem != SEM_FAILED)
+        {
+            char continueSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+            sprintf_s(continueSemName,
+                      sizeof(continueSemName),
+                      RuntimeContinueSemaphoreName,
+                      HashSemaphoreName(m_processId,
+                                        m_processIdDisambiguationKey));
+
+            sem_close(m_continueSem);
+            sem_unlink(continueSemName);
+        }
+
+        if (m_threadHandle != NULL)
+        {
+            CloseHandle(m_threadHandle);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LONG AddRef()
+    {
+        LONG ref = InterlockedIncrement(&m_ref);
+        return ref;
+    }
+
+    LONG Release()
+    {
+        LONG ref = InterlockedDecrement(&m_ref);
+        if (ref == 0)
+        {
+            delete this;
+        }
+        return ref;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR GetSemError()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR pe;
+        switch (errno)
+        {
+            case ENOENT:
+                pe = ERROR_NOT_FOUND;
+                break;
+            case EACCES:
+                pe = ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS;
+                break;
+            case EINVAL:
+            case ENAMETOOLONG:
+                pe = ERROR_INVALID_NAME;
+                break;
+            case ENOMEM:
+                pe = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+                break;
+            case EEXIST:
+                pe = ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS;
+                break;
+            case ENOSPC:
+                pe = ERROR_TOO_MANY_SEMAPHORES;
+                break;
+            default:
+                pe = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+                break;
+        }
+        return pe;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR Register()
+    {
+        CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+        char startupSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+        char continueSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+        PAL_ERROR pe = NO_ERROR;
+
+        // See semaphore name format for details about this value. We store it so that
+        // it can be used by the cleanup code that removes the semaphore with sem_unlink.
+        INDEBUG(BOOL disambiguationKeyRet = )
+        GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey(m_processId, &m_processIdDisambiguationKey);
+        _ASSERTE(disambiguationKeyRet == TRUE || m_processIdDisambiguationKey == 0);
+
+        sprintf_s(startupSemName,
+                  sizeof(startupSemName),
+                  RuntimeStartupSemaphoreName,
+                  HashSemaphoreName(m_processId,
+                                    m_processIdDisambiguationKey));
+
+        sprintf_s(continueSemName,
+                  sizeof(continueSemName),
+                  RuntimeContinueSemaphoreName,
+                  HashSemaphoreName(m_processId,
+                                    m_processIdDisambiguationKey));
+
+        TRACE("PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper.Register creating startup '%s' continue '%s'\n", startupSemName, continueSemName);
+
+        // Create the continue semaphore first so we don't race with PAL_NotifyRuntimeStarted. This open will fail if another 
+        // debugger is trying to attach to this process because the name will already exist.
+        m_continueSem = sem_open(continueSemName, O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRWXU, 0);
+        if (m_continueSem == SEM_FAILED)
+        {
+            TRACE("sem_open(continue) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            pe = GetSemError();
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        // Create the debuggee startup semaphore so the runtime (debuggee) knows to wait for a debugger connection.
+        m_startupSem = sem_open(startupSemName, O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRWXU, 0);
+        if (m_startupSem == SEM_FAILED)
+        {
+            TRACE("sem_open(startup) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+            pe = GetSemError();
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        // Add a reference for the thread handler
+        AddRef();
+
+        pe = InternalCreateThread(
+            pThread,
+            NULL,
+            0,
+            ::StartupHelperThread,
+            this,
+            0,
+            UserCreatedThread,
+            &m_threadId,
+            &m_threadHandle);
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != pe)
+        {
+            TRACE("InternalCreateThread failed %d\n", pe);
+            Release();
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+    exit:
+        return pe;
+    }
+
+    void Unregister()
+    {
+        m_canceled = true;
+
+        // Tell the runtime to continue
+        if (sem_post(m_continueSem) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("sem_post(continueSem) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        // Tell the worker thread to continue
+        if (sem_post(m_startupSem) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("sem_post(startupSem) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+
+        // Don't need to wait for the worker thread if unregister called on it
+        if (m_threadId != (DWORD)THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId())
+        {
+            // Wait for work thread to exit
+            if (WaitForSingleObject(m_threadHandle, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+            {
+                ASSERT("WaitForSingleObject\n");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //
+    // There are a couple race conditions that need to be considered here:
+    //
+    // * On launch, between the fork and execv in the PAL's CreateProcess where the target process 
+    //   may contain a coreclr module image if the debugger process is running managed code. This 
+    //   makes just checking if the coreclr module exists not enough.
+    //
+    // * On launch (after the execv) or attach when the coreclr is loaded but before the DAC globals 
+    //   table is initialized where it is too soon to use/initialize the DAC on the debugger side.
+    //
+    // They are both fixed by check if the one of transport pipe files has been created.
+    //
+    bool IsCoreClrProcessReady()
+    {
+        char pipeName[MAX_DEBUGGER_TRANSPORT_PIPE_NAME_LENGTH];  
+
+        PAL_GetTransportPipeName(pipeName, m_processId, "in");
+
+        struct stat buf;
+        if (stat(pipeName, &buf) == 0) 
+        {
+            TRACE("IsCoreClrProcessReady: stat(%s) SUCCEEDED\n", pipeName);
+            return true;
+        }
+        TRACE("IsCoreClrProcessReady: stat(%s) FAILED: errno is %d (%s)\n", pipeName, errno, strerror(errno));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    PAL_ERROR InvokeStartupCallback()
+    {
+        ProcessModules *listHead = NULL;
+        PAL_ERROR pe = NO_ERROR;
+        DWORD count;
+
+        if (m_canceled)
+        {
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        // Enumerate all the modules in the process and invoke the callback 
+        // for the coreclr module if found.
+        listHead = CreateProcessModules(m_processId, &count);
+        if (listHead == NULL)
+        {
+            TRACE("CreateProcessModules failed for pid %d\n", m_processId);
+            pe = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; entry = entry->Next)
+        {
+            if (IsCoreClrModule(entry->Name))
+            {
+                PAL_CPP_TRY
+                {
+                    TRACE("InvokeStartupCallback executing callback %p %s\n", entry->BaseAddress, entry->Name);
+                    m_callback(entry->Name, entry->BaseAddress, m_parameter);
+                }
+                PAL_CPP_CATCH_ALL
+                {
+                }
+                PAL_CPP_ENDTRY
+
+                // Currently only the first coreclr module in a process is supported
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+    exit:
+        // Wake up the runtime 
+        if (sem_post(m_continueSem) != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("sem_post(continueSem) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        if (listHead != NULL)
+        {
+            DestroyProcessModules(listHead);
+        }
+        return pe;
+    }
+
+    void StartupHelperThread()
+    {
+        PAL_ERROR pe = NO_ERROR;
+
+        if (IsCoreClrProcessReady())
+        {
+            pe = InvokeStartupCallback();
+        }
+        else {
+            TRACE("sem_wait(startup)\n");
+
+            // Wait until the coreclr runtime (debuggee) starts up
+            if (sem_wait(m_startupSem) == 0)
+            {
+                pe = InvokeStartupCallback();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                TRACE("sem_wait(startup) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+                pe = GetSemError();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Invoke the callback on errors
+        if (pe != NO_ERROR && !m_canceled)
+        {
+            SetLastError(pe);
+            m_callback(NULL, NULL, m_parameter);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+static
+DWORD 
+PALAPI
+StartupHelperThread(LPVOID p)
+{
+    TRACE("PAL's StartupHelperThread starting\n");
+
+    PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper *helper = (PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper *)p;
+    helper->StartupHelperThread();
+    helper->Release();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_RegisterForRuntimeStartup
+
+Parameters:
+    dwProcessId - process id of runtime process
+    pfnCallback - function to callback for coreclr module found
+    parameter - data to pass to callback
+    ppUnregisterToken - pointer to put PAL_UnregisterForRuntimeStartup token.
+
+Return value:
+    PAL_ERROR
+
+Note:
+    If the modulePath or hModule is NULL when the callback is invoked, an error occured
+    and GetLastError() will return the Win32 error code.
+
+    The callback is always invoked on a separate thread and this API returns immediately.
+
+    Only the first coreclr module is currently supported.
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+PAL_RegisterForRuntimeStartup(
+    IN DWORD dwProcessId,
+    IN PPAL_STARTUP_CALLBACK pfnCallback,
+    IN PVOID parameter,
+    OUT PVOID *ppUnregisterToken)
+{
+    _ASSERTE(pfnCallback != NULL);
+    _ASSERTE(ppUnregisterToken != NULL);
+
+    PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper *helper = new PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper(dwProcessId, pfnCallback, parameter);
+
+    // Create the debuggee startup semaphore so the runtime (debuggee) knows to wait for 
+    // a debugger connection.
+    PAL_ERROR pe = helper->Register();
+    if (NO_ERROR != pe)
+    {
+        helper->Release();
+        helper = NULL;
+    }
+
+    *ppUnregisterToken = helper;
+    return pe;
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_UnregisterForRuntimeStartup
+
+    Stops/cancels startup notification. This API can be called in the startup callback. Otherwise,
+    it will block until the callback thread finishes and no more callbacks will be initiated after
+    this API returns.
+
+Parameters:
+    dwUnregisterToken - token from PAL_RegisterForRuntimeStartup or NULL.
+
+Return value:
+    PAL_ERROR
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+PAL_UnregisterForRuntimeStartup(
+    IN PVOID pUnregisterToken)
+{
+    if (pUnregisterToken != NULL)
+    {
+        PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper *helper = (PAL_RuntimeStartupHelper *)pUnregisterToken;
+        helper->Unregister();
+        helper->Release();
+    }
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+/*++
+    PAL_NotifyRuntimeStarted
+
+    Signals the debugger waiting for runtime startup notification to continue and
+    waits until the debugger signals us to continue.
+
+Parameters:
+    None
+
+Return value:
+    TRUE - succeeded, FALSE - failed
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_NotifyRuntimeStarted()
+{
+    char startupSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    char continueSemName[CLR_SEM_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    sem_t *startupSem = SEM_FAILED;
+    sem_t *continueSem = SEM_FAILED;
+    BOOL result = TRUE;
+
+    UINT64 processIdDisambiguationKey = 0;
+    GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey(gPID, &processIdDisambiguationKey);
+
+    sprintf_s(startupSemName, sizeof(startupSemName), RuntimeStartupSemaphoreName, HashSemaphoreName(gPID, processIdDisambiguationKey));
+    sprintf_s(continueSemName, sizeof(continueSemName), RuntimeContinueSemaphoreName, HashSemaphoreName(gPID, processIdDisambiguationKey));
+
+    TRACE("PAL_NotifyRuntimeStarted opening continue '%s' startup '%s'\n", continueSemName, startupSemName);
+
+
+    // Open the debugger startup semaphore. If it doesn't exists, then we do nothing and
+    // the function is successful.
+    startupSem = sem_open(startupSemName, 0);
+    if (startupSem == SEM_FAILED)
+    {
+        TRACE("sem_open(%s) failed: %d (%s)\n", startupSemName, errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    continueSem = sem_open(continueSemName, 0);
+    if (continueSem == SEM_FAILED)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_open(%s) failed: %d (%s)\n", continueSemName, errno, strerror(errno));
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Wake up the debugger waiting for startup
+    if (sem_post(startupSem) != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_post(startupSem) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Now wait until the debugger's runtime startup notification is finished
+    if (sem_wait(continueSem) != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_wait(continueSem) failed: errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        result = FALSE;
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+exit:
+    if (startupSem != SEM_FAILED)
+    {
+        sem_close(startupSem);
+    }
+    if (continueSem != SEM_FAILED)
+    {
+        sem_close(continueSem);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+ Function:
+  GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey
+
+  Get a numeric value that can be used to disambiguate between processes with the same PID,
+  provided that one of them is still running. The numeric value can mean different things
+  on different platforms, so it should not be used for any other purpose. Under the hood,
+  it is implemented based on the creation time of the process.
+--*/
+BOOL
+GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey(DWORD processId, UINT64 *disambiguationKey)
+{
+    if (disambiguationKey == nullptr)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!"disambiguationKey argument cannot be null!");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    *disambiguationKey = 0;
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+
+    // On OS X, we return the process start time expressed in Unix time (the number of seconds
+    // since the start of the Unix epoch).
+    struct kinfo_proc info = {};
+    size_t size = sizeof(info);
+    int mib[4] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PID, processId };
+    int ret = ::sysctl(mib, sizeof(mib)/sizeof(*mib), &info, &size, nullptr, 0);
+
+    if (ret == 0)
+    {
+        timeval procStartTime = info.kp_proc.p_starttime;
+        long secondsSinceEpoch = procStartTime.tv_sec;
+
+        *disambiguationKey = secondsSinceEpoch;
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!"Failed to get start time of a process.");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__)
+
+    // On NetBSD, we return the process start time expressed in Unix time (the number of seconds
+    // since the start of the Unix epoch).
+    kvm_t *kd;
+    int cnt;
+    struct kinfo_proc2 *info;
+
+    kd = kvm_open(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, KVM_NO_FILES, "kvm_open");
+    if (kd == nullptr)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!"Failed to get start time of a process.");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    info = kvm_getproc2(kd, KERN_PROC_PID, processId, sizeof(struct kinfo_proc2), &cnt);
+    if (info == nullptr || cnt < 1)
+    {
+        kvm_close(kd);
+        _ASSERTE(!"Failed to get start time of a process.");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    kvm_close(kd);
+
+    long secondsSinceEpoch = info->p_ustart_sec;
+    *disambiguationKey = secondsSinceEpoch;
+
+    return TRUE;
+
+#elif HAVE_PROCFS_STAT
+
+    // Here we read /proc/<pid>/stat file to get the start time for the process.
+    // We return this value (which is expressed in jiffies since boot time).
+
+    // Making something like: /proc/123/stat
+    char statFileName[64];
+
+    INDEBUG(int chars = )
+    snprintf(statFileName, sizeof(statFileName), "/proc/%d/stat", processId);
+    _ASSERTE(chars > 0 && chars <= sizeof(statFileName));
+
+    FILE *statFile = fopen(statFileName, "r");
+    if (statFile == nullptr) 
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    char *line = nullptr;
+    size_t lineLen = 0;
+    if (getline(&line, &lineLen, statFile) == -1)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!"Failed to getline from the stat file for a process.");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    unsigned long long starttime;
+
+    // According to `man proc`, the second field in the stat file is the filename of the executable,
+    // in parentheses. Tokenizing the stat file using spaces as separators breaks when that name
+    // has spaces in it, so we start using sscanf after skipping everything up to and including the
+    // last closing paren and the space after it.
+    char *scanStartPosition = strrchr(line, ')') + 2;
+
+    // All the format specifiers for the fields in the stat file are provided by 'man proc'.
+    int sscanfRet = sscanf(scanStartPosition, 
+        "%*c %*d %*d %*d %*d %*d %*u %*lu %*lu %*lu %*lu %*lu %*lu %*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %*ld %llu \n",
+         &starttime);
+
+    if (sscanfRet != 1)
+    {
+        _ASSERTE(!"Failed to parse stat file contents with sscanf.");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    free(line);
+    fclose(statFile);
+
+    *disambiguationKey = starttime;
+    return TRUE;
+
+#else
+    // If this is not OS X and we don't have /proc, we just return FALSE.
+    WARN("GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey was called but is not implemented on this platform!");
+    return FALSE;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*++
+ Function:
+  PAL_GetTransportPipeName 
+
+  Builds the transport pipe names from the process id.
+--*/
+void 
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetTransportPipeName(char *name, DWORD id, const char *suffix)
+{
+    UINT64 disambiguationKey = 0;
+    BOOL ret = GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey(id, &disambiguationKey);
+
+    // If GetProcessIdDisambiguationKey failed for some reason, it should set the value 
+    // to 0. We expect that anyone else making the pipe name will also fail and thus will
+    // also try to use 0 as the value.
+    _ASSERTE(ret == TRUE || disambiguationKey == 0);
+
+    int chars = _snprintf(name, MAX_DEBUGGER_TRANSPORT_PIPE_NAME_LENGTH, PipeNameFormat, id, disambiguationKey, suffix);
+    _ASSERTE(chars > 0 && chars < MAX_DEBUGGER_TRANSPORT_PIPE_NAME_LENGTH);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetProcessTimes
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetProcessTimes(
+        IN HANDLE hProcess,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpUserTime)
+{
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+    struct rusage resUsage;
+    __int64 calcTime;
+    const __int64 SECS_TO_NS = 1000000000; /* 10^9 */
+    const __int64 USECS_TO_NS = 1000;      /* 10^3 */
+
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetProcessTimes);
+    ENTRY("GetProcessTimes(hProcess=%p, lpExitTime=%p, lpKernelTime=%p,"
+          "lpUserTime=%p)\n",
+          hProcess, lpCreationTime, lpExitTime, lpKernelTime, lpUserTime );
+
+    /* Make sure hProcess is the current process, this is the only supported
+       case */
+    if(PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(hProcess)!=GetCurrentProcessId())
+    {
+        ASSERT("GetProcessTimes() does not work on a process other than the "
+              "current process.\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+        goto GetProcessTimesExit;
+    }
+
+    /* First, we need to actually retrieve the relevant statistics from the 
+       OS */
+    if (getrusage (RUSAGE_SELF, &resUsage) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get resource usage information for the current "
+              "process\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto GetProcessTimesExit;
+    }
+    
+    TRACE ("getrusage User: %ld sec,%ld microsec. Kernel: %ld sec,%ld"
+           " microsec\n",
+           resUsage.ru_utime.tv_sec, resUsage.ru_utime.tv_usec,
+           resUsage.ru_stime.tv_sec, resUsage.ru_stime.tv_usec);
+
+    if (lpUserTime)
+    {
+        /* Get the time of user mode execution, in 100s of nanoseconds */
+        calcTime = (__int64)resUsage.ru_utime.tv_sec * SECS_TO_NS;
+        calcTime += (__int64)resUsage.ru_utime.tv_usec * USECS_TO_NS;
+        calcTime /= 100; /* Produce the time in 100s of ns */
+        /* Assign the time into lpUserTime */
+        lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+        lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+    }
+
+    if (lpKernelTime)
+    {
+        /* Get the time of kernel mode execution, in 100s of nanoseconds */
+        calcTime = (__int64)resUsage.ru_stime.tv_sec * SECS_TO_NS;
+        calcTime += (__int64)resUsage.ru_stime.tv_usec * USECS_TO_NS;
+        calcTime /= 100; /* Produce the time in 100s of ns */
+        /* Assign the time into lpUserTime */
+        lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+        lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+    }
+    
+    retval = TRUE;
+
+
+GetProcessTimesExit:
+    LOGEXIT("GetProcessTimes returns BOOL %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetProcessTimes);
+    return (retval);
+}
+
+#define FILETIME_TO_ULONGLONG(f) \
+    (((ULONGLONG)(f).dwHighDateTime << 32) | ((ULONGLONG)(f).dwLowDateTime))
+    
+/*++
+Function:
+  PAL_GetCPUBusyTime
+
+The main purpose of this function is to compute the overall CPU utilization
+for the CLR thread pool to regulate the number of I/O completion port
+worker threads.
+Since there is no consistent API on Unix to get the CPU utilization
+from a user process, getrusage and gettimeofday are used to
+compute the current process's CPU utilization instead.
+This function emulates the ThreadpoolMgr::GetCPUBusyTime_NT function in
+win32threadpool.cpp of the CLR.
+
+See MSDN doc for GetSystemTimes.
+--*/
+INT
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetCPUBusyTime(
+    IN OUT PAL_IOCP_CPU_INFORMATION *lpPrevCPUInfo)
+{
+    ULONGLONG nLastRecordedCurrentTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nLastRecordedUserTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nLastRecordedKernelTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nKernelTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nUserTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nCurrentTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nCpuBusyTime = 0;
+    ULONGLONG nCpuTotalTime = 0;
+    DWORD nReading = 0;
+    struct rusage resUsage;
+    struct timeval tv;
+    static DWORD dwNumberOfProcessors = 0;
+
+    if (dwNumberOfProcessors <= 0)
+    {
+        SYSTEM_INFO SystemInfo;
+        GetSystemInfo(&SystemInfo);
+        dwNumberOfProcessors = SystemInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors;
+        if (dwNumberOfProcessors <= 0)
+        {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &resUsage) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("getrusage() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        nKernelTime = (ULONGLONG)resUsage.ru_stime.tv_sec*tccSecondsTo100NanoSeconds +
+            resUsage.ru_stime.tv_usec*tccMicroSecondsTo100NanoSeconds;
+        nUserTime = (ULONGLONG)resUsage.ru_utime.tv_sec*tccSecondsTo100NanoSeconds +
+            resUsage.ru_utime.tv_usec*tccMicroSecondsTo100NanoSeconds;
+    }
+
+    if (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("gettimeofday() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        return 0;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        nCurrentTime = (ULONGLONG)tv.tv_sec*tccSecondsTo100NanoSeconds +
+            tv.tv_usec*tccMicroSecondsTo100NanoSeconds;
+    }
+
+    nLastRecordedCurrentTime = FILETIME_TO_ULONGLONG(lpPrevCPUInfo->LastRecordedTime.ftLastRecordedCurrentTime);
+    nLastRecordedUserTime = FILETIME_TO_ULONGLONG(lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedUserTime);
+    nLastRecordedKernelTime = FILETIME_TO_ULONGLONG(lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedKernelTime);
+
+    if (nCurrentTime > nLastRecordedCurrentTime)
+    {
+        nCpuTotalTime = (nCurrentTime - nLastRecordedCurrentTime);
+#if HAVE_THREAD_SELF || HAVE__LWP_SELF || HAVE_VM_READ
+        // For systems that run multiple threads of a process on multiple processors,
+        // the accumulated userTime and kernelTime of this process may exceed
+        // the elapsed time. In this case, the cpuTotalTime needs to be adjusted
+        // according to number of processors so that the cpu utilization
+        // will not be greater than 100.
+        nCpuTotalTime *= dwNumberOfProcessors;
+#endif // HAVE_THREAD_SELF || HAVE__LWP_SELF || HAVE_VM_READ
+    }
+
+    if (nUserTime >= nLastRecordedUserTime &&
+        nKernelTime >= nLastRecordedKernelTime)
+    {
+        nCpuBusyTime =
+            (nUserTime - nLastRecordedUserTime)+
+            (nKernelTime - nLastRecordedKernelTime);
+    }
+
+    if (nCpuTotalTime > 0 && nCpuBusyTime > 0)
+    {
+        nReading = (DWORD)((nCpuBusyTime*100)/nCpuTotalTime);
+        TRACE("PAL_GetCPUBusyTime: nCurrentTime=%lld, nKernelTime=%lld, nUserTime=%lld, nReading=%d\n",
+            nCurrentTime, nKernelTime, nUserTime, nReading);
+    }
+
+    if (nReading > 100)
+    {
+        ERROR("cpu utilization(%d) > 100\n", nReading);
+    }
+
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->LastRecordedTime.ftLastRecordedCurrentTime.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)nCurrentTime;
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->LastRecordedTime.ftLastRecordedCurrentTime.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(nCurrentTime >> 32);
+
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedUserTime.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)nUserTime;
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedUserTime.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(nUserTime >> 32);
+
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedKernelTime.dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)nKernelTime;
+    lpPrevCPUInfo->ftLastRecordedKernelTime.dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(nKernelTime >> 32);
+
+    return (DWORD)nReading;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCommandLineW
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPWSTR
+PALAPI
+GetCommandLineW(
+    VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCommandLineW);
+    ENTRY("GetCommandLineW()\n");
+
+    LPWSTR lpwstr = g_lpwstrCmdLine ? g_lpwstrCmdLine : (LPWSTR)W("");
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetCommandLineW returns LPWSTR %p (%S)\n",
+          g_lpwstrCmdLine,
+          lpwstr);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCommandLineW);
+    
+    return lpwstr;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  OpenProcess
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+Notes :
+dwDesiredAccess is ignored (all supported operations will be allowed)
+bInheritHandle is ignored (no inheritance)
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+OpenProcess(
+        DWORD dwDesiredAccess,
+        BOOL bInheritHandle,
+        DWORD dwProcessId)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcessRegistered = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+    HANDLE hProcess = NULL;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(OpenProcess);
+    ENTRY("OpenProcess(dwDesiredAccess=0x%08x, bInheritHandle=%d, "
+          "dwProcessId = 0x%08x)\n",
+          dwDesiredAccess, bInheritHandle, dwProcessId );
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    if (0 == dwProcessId)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto OpenProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otProcess,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto OpenProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto OpenProcessExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->dwProcessId = dwProcessId;
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        dwDesiredAccess,
+        &hProcess,
+        &pobjProcessRegistered
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjProcess was invalidated by the above call, so NULL
+    // it out here
+    //
+
+    pobjProcess = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // TODO: check to see if the process actually exists?
+    //
+    
+OpenProcessExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcessRegistered)
+    {
+        pobjProcessRegistered->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("OpenProcess returns HANDLE %p\n", hProcess);
+    PERF_EXIT(OpenProcess);
+    return hProcess;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  EnumProcessModules
+
+Abstract
+  Returns a process's module list
+
+Return
+  TRUE if it succeeded, FALSE otherwise
+
+Notes
+  This API is tricky because the module handles are never closed/freed so there can't be any 
+  allocations for the module handle or name strings, etc. The "handles" are actually the base 
+  addresses of the modules. The module handles should only be used by GetModuleFileNameExW 
+  below. 
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+EnumProcessModules(
+    IN HANDLE hProcess,
+    OUT HMODULE *lphModule,
+    IN DWORD cb,
+    OUT LPDWORD lpcbNeeded)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(EnumProcessModules);
+    ENTRY("EnumProcessModules(hProcess=0x%08x, cb=%d)\n", hProcess, cb);
+
+    BOOL result = TRUE;
+    DWORD count = 0;
+    ProcessModules *listHead = GetProcessModulesFromHandle(hProcess, &count);
+    if (listHead != NULL)
+    {
+        for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; entry = entry->Next)
+        {
+            if (cb <= 0)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            cb -= sizeof(HMODULE);
+            *lphModule = (HMODULE)entry->BaseAddress;
+            lphModule++;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        result = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (lpcbNeeded)
+    {
+        // This return value isn't exactly up to spec because it should return the actual
+        // number of modules in the process even if "cb" isn't big enough but for our use
+        // it works just fine.
+        (*lpcbNeeded) = count * sizeof(HMODULE);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("EnumProcessModules returns %d\n", result);
+    PERF_EXIT(EnumProcessModules);
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetModuleFileNameExW
+
+  Used only with module handles returned from EnumProcessModule (for dbgshim). 
+
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetModuleFileNameExW(
+    IN HANDLE hProcess,
+    IN HMODULE hModule,
+    OUT LPWSTR lpFilename,
+    IN DWORD nSize
+)
+{
+    DWORD result = 0;
+    DWORD count = 0;
+
+    ProcessModules *listHead = GetProcessModulesFromHandle(hProcess, &count);
+    if (listHead != NULL)
+    {
+        for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; entry = entry->Next)
+        {
+            if ((HMODULE)entry->BaseAddress == hModule)
+            {
+                // Convert CHAR string into WCHAR string
+                result = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, entry->Name, -1, lpFilename, nSize);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+ GetProcessModulesFromHandle
+
+Abstract
+  Returns a process's module list
+
+Return
+  ProcessModules * list
+
+--*/
+ProcessModules *
+GetProcessModulesFromHandle(
+    IN HANDLE hProcess,
+    OUT LPDWORD lpCount)
+{
+    CPalThread* pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    ProcessModules *listHead = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    DWORD dwProcessId = 0;
+    DWORD count = 0;
+
+    _ASSERTE(lpCount != NULL);
+
+    if (hPseudoCurrentProcess == hProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess = g_pobjProcess;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        CAllowedObjectTypes aotProcess(otiProcess);
+
+        palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            pThread,
+            hProcess,
+            &aotProcess,
+            0,
+            &pobjProcess);
+
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData));
+
+    _ASSERTE(NO_ERROR == palError);
+
+    dwProcessId = pLocalData->dwProcessId;
+    listHead = pLocalData->pProcessModules;
+    count = pLocalData->cProcessModules;
+
+    // If the module list hasn't been created yet, create it now
+    if (listHead == NULL)
+    {
+        listHead = CreateProcessModules(dwProcessId, &count);
+        if (listHead == NULL)
+        {
+            pThread->SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (pLocalData != NULL)
+        {
+            pLocalData->pProcessModules = listHead;
+            pLocalData->cProcessModules = count;
+        }
+    }
+
+exit:
+    if (NULL != pDataLock)
+    {
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    }
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    *lpCount = count;
+    return listHead;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateProcessModules
+
+Abstract
+  Returns a process's module list
+
+Return
+  ProcessModules * list
+
+--*/
+ProcessModules *
+CreateProcessModules(
+    IN DWORD dwProcessId,
+    OUT LPDWORD lpCount)
+{
+    ProcessModules *listHead = NULL;
+    _ASSERTE(lpCount != NULL);
+
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+
+    // For OS X, the "vmmap" command outputs something similar to the /proc/*/maps file so popen the
+    // command and read the relevant lines:
+    //
+    // ...
+    // ==== regions for process 347  (non-writable and writable regions are interleaved)
+    // REGION TYPE                      START - END             [ VSIZE] PRT/MAX SHRMOD  REGION DETAIL
+    // __TEXT                 000000010446d000-0000000104475000 [   32K] r-x/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/corerun
+    // __DATA                 0000000104475000-0000000104476000 [    4K] rw-/rwx SM=PRV  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/corerun
+    // __LINKEDIT             0000000104476000-000000010447a000 [   16K] r--/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/corerun
+    // Kernel Alloc Once      000000010447a000-000000010447b000 [    4K] rw-/rwx SM=PRV
+    // MALLOC (admin)         000000010447b000-000000010447c000 [    4K] r--/rwx SM=ZER
+    // ...
+    // MALLOC (admin)         00000001044ab000-00000001044ac000 [    4K] r--/rwx SM=PRV
+    // __TEXT                 00000001044ac000-0000000104c84000 [ 8032K] r-x/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __TEXT                 0000000104c84000-0000000104c85000 [    4K] rwx/rwx SM=PRV  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __TEXT                 0000000104c85000-000000010513b000 [ 4824K] r-x/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __TEXT                 000000010513b000-000000010513c000 [    4K] rwx/rwx SM=PRV  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __TEXT                 000000010513c000-000000010516f000 [  204K] r-x/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __DATA                 000000010516f000-00000001051ce000 [  380K] rw-/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __DATA                 00000001051ce000-00000001051fa000 [  176K] rw-/rwx SM=PRV  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // __LINKEDIT             00000001051fa000-0000000105bac000 [ 9928K] r--/rwx SM=COW  /Users/mikem/coreclr/bin/Product/OSx.x64.Debug/libcoreclr.dylib
+    // VM_ALLOCATE            0000000105bac000-0000000105bad000 [    4K] r--/rw- SM=SHM
+    // MALLOC (admin)         0000000105bad000-0000000105bae000 [    4K] r--/rwx SM=ZER
+    // MALLOC                 0000000105bae000-0000000105baf000 [    4K] rw-/rwx SM=ZER
+    char *line = NULL;
+    size_t lineLen = 0;
+    int count = 0;
+    ssize_t read;
+
+    char vmmapCommand[100];
+    int chars = snprintf(vmmapCommand, sizeof(vmmapCommand), "/usr/bin/vmmap -interleaved %d -wide", dwProcessId);
+    _ASSERTE(chars > 0 && chars <= sizeof(vmmapCommand));
+
+    FILE *vmmapFile = popen(vmmapCommand, "r");
+    if (vmmapFile == NULL)
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Reading maps file line by line
+    while ((read = getline(&line, &lineLen, vmmapFile)) != -1)
+    {
+        void *startAddress, *endAddress;
+        char moduleName[PATH_MAX];
+        int size;
+
+        if (sscanf(line, "__TEXT %p-%p [ %dK] %*[-/rwxsp] SM=%*[A-Z] %s\n", &startAddress, &endAddress, &size, moduleName) == 4)
+        {
+            bool dup = false;
+            for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; entry = entry->Next)
+            {
+                if (strcmp(moduleName, entry->Name) == 0)
+                {
+                    dup = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (!dup)
+            {
+                int cbModuleName = strlen(moduleName) + 1;
+                ProcessModules *entry = (ProcessModules *)InternalMalloc(sizeof(ProcessModules) + cbModuleName);
+                if (entry == NULL)
+                {
+                    DestroyProcessModules(listHead);
+                    listHead = NULL;
+                    count = 0;
+                    break;
+                }
+                strcpy_s(entry->Name, cbModuleName, moduleName);
+                entry->BaseAddress = startAddress;
+                entry->Next = listHead;
+                listHead = entry;
+                count++;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    *lpCount = count;
+
+    free(line); // We didn't allocate line, but as per contract of getline we should free it
+    pclose(vmmapFile);
+exit:
+
+#elif HAVE_PROCFS_MAPS 
+
+    // Here we read /proc/<pid>/maps file in order to parse it and figure out what it says 
+    // about a library we are looking for. This file looks something like this:
+    //
+    // [address]      [perms] [offset] [dev] [inode]     [pathname] - HEADER is not preset in an actual file
+    //
+    // 35b1800000-35b1820000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so
+    // 35b1a1f000-35b1a20000 r--p 0001f000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so
+    // 35b1a20000-35b1a21000 rw-p 00020000 08:02 135522  /usr/lib64/ld-2.15.so
+    // 35b1a21000-35b1a22000 rw-p 00000000 00:00 0       [heap]
+    // 35b1c00000-35b1dac000 r-xp 00000000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so
+    // 35b1dac000-35b1fac000 ---p 001ac000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so
+    // 35b1fac000-35b1fb0000 r--p 001ac000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so
+    // 35b1fb0000-35b1fb2000 rw-p 001b0000 08:02 135870  /usr/lib64/libc-2.15.so
+
+    // Making something like: /proc/123/maps
+    char mapFileName[100]; 
+    char *line = NULL;
+    size_t lineLen = 0;
+    int count = 0;
+    ssize_t read;
+
+    INDEBUG(int chars = )
+    snprintf(mapFileName, sizeof(mapFileName), "/proc/%d/maps", dwProcessId);
+    _ASSERTE(chars > 0 && chars <= sizeof(mapFileName));
+
+    FILE *mapsFile = fopen(mapFileName, "r");
+    if (mapsFile == NULL) 
+    {
+        goto exit;
+    }
+
+    // Reading maps file line by line 
+    while ((read = getline(&line, &lineLen, mapsFile)) != -1) 
+    {
+        void *startAddress, *endAddress, *offset;
+        int devHi, devLo, inode;
+        char moduleName[PATH_MAX];
+
+        if (sscanf(line, "%p-%p %*[-rwxsp] %p %x:%x %d %s\n", &startAddress, &endAddress, &offset, &devHi, &devLo, &inode, moduleName) == 7)
+        {
+            if (inode != 0)
+            {
+                bool dup = false;
+                for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; entry = entry->Next)
+                {
+                    if (strcmp(moduleName, entry->Name) == 0)
+                    {
+                        dup = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!dup)
+                {
+                    int cbModuleName = strlen(moduleName) + 1;
+                    ProcessModules *entry = (ProcessModules *)InternalMalloc(sizeof(ProcessModules) + cbModuleName);
+                    if (entry == NULL)
+                    {
+                        DestroyProcessModules(listHead);
+                        listHead = NULL;
+                        count = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    strcpy_s(entry->Name, cbModuleName, moduleName);
+                    entry->BaseAddress = startAddress;
+                    entry->Next = listHead;
+                    listHead = entry;
+                    count++;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    *lpCount = count;
+
+    free(line); // We didn't allocate line, but as per contract of getline we should free it
+    fclose(mapsFile);
+exit:
+
+#else
+    _ASSERTE(!"Not implemented on this platform");
+#endif
+    return listHead;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    DestroyProcessModules
+
+Abstract
+  Cleans up the process module table.
+
+Return
+  None
+
+--*/
+void
+DestroyProcessModules(IN ProcessModules *listHead)
+{
+    for (ProcessModules *entry = listHead; entry != NULL; )
+    {
+        ProcessModules *next = entry->Next;
+        free(entry);
+        entry = next;
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCNotifyProcessShutdown
+  
+  Calls the abort handler to do any shutdown cleanup. Call be called 
+  from the unhandled native exception handler.
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+__attribute__((destructor)) 
+void PROCNotifyProcessShutdown()
+{
+    // Call back into the coreclr to clean up the debugger transport pipes
+    PSHUTDOWN_CALLBACK callback = InterlockedExchangePointer(&g_shutdownCallback, NULL);
+    if (callback != NULL)
+    {
+        callback();
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCAbort()
+
+  Aborts the process after calling the shutdown cleanup handler. This function
+  should be called instead of calling abort() directly.
+  
+  Does not return
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN
+void
+PROCAbort()
+{
+    PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+    abort();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeFlushProcessWriteBuffers
+
+Abstract
+  This function initializes data structures needed for the FlushProcessWriteBuffers
+Return
+  TRUE if it succeeded, FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+BOOL InitializeFlushProcessWriteBuffers()
+{
+    // Verify that the s_helperPage is really aligned to the VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE
+    _ASSERTE((((SIZE_T)s_helperPage) & (VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE - 1)) == 0);
+
+    // Locking the page ensures that it stays in memory during the two mprotect
+    // calls in the FlushProcessWriteBuffers below. If the page was unmapped between
+    // those calls, they would not have the expected effect of generating IPI.
+    int status = mlock(s_helperPage, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_init(&flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex, NULL);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        munlock(s_helperPage, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    return status == 0;
+}
+
+#define FATAL_ASSERT(e, msg) \
+    do \
+    { \
+        if (!(e)) \
+        { \
+            fprintf(stderr, "FATAL ERROR: " msg); \
+            PROCAbort(); \
+        } \
+    } \
+    while(0)
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  FlushProcessWriteBuffers
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+VOID 
+PALAPI 
+FlushProcessWriteBuffers()
+{   
+    int status = pthread_mutex_lock(&flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex);
+    FATAL_ASSERT(status == 0, "Failed to lock the flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex lock");
+
+    // Changing a helper memory page protection from read / write to no access 
+    // causes the OS to issue IPI to flush TLBs on all processors. This also
+    // results in flushing the processor buffers.
+    status = mprotect(s_helperPage, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+    FATAL_ASSERT(status == 0, "Failed to change helper page protection to read / write");
+
+    // Ensure that the page is dirty before we change the protection so that
+    // we prevent the OS from skipping the global TLB flush.
+    InterlockedIncrement(s_helperPage);
+
+    status = mprotect(s_helperPage, VIRTUAL_PAGE_SIZE, PROT_NONE);
+    FATAL_ASSERT(status == 0, "Failed to change helper page protection to no access");
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex);
+    FATAL_ASSERT(status == 0, "Failed to unlock the flushProcessWriteBuffersMutex lock");
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle
+
+Abstract
+  Return the process ID from a process handle
+
+Parameter
+  hProcess:  process handle
+
+Return
+  Return the process ID, or 0 if it's not a valid handle
+--*/
+DWORD
+PROCGetProcessIDFromHandle(
+        HANDLE hProcess)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    
+    DWORD dwProcessId = 0;
+
+    if (hPseudoCurrentProcess == hProcess)
+    {
+        dwProcessId = gPID;
+        goto PROCGetProcessIDFromHandleExit;
+    }
+    
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        0,
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        IDataLock *pDataLock;
+        CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+
+        palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+            pThread,
+            ReadLock,
+            &pDataLock,
+            reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            dwProcessId = pLocalData->dwProcessId;
+            pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+        }        
+        
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+PROCGetProcessIDFromHandleExit:
+
+    return dwProcessId;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InitializeProcessData(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    bool fLockInitialized = FALSE;
+    
+    pGThreadList = NULL;
+    g_dwThreadCount = 0;
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&g_csProcess);
+    fLockInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (fLockInitialized)
+        {
+            InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&g_csProcess);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function
+    InitializeProcessCommandLine
+
+Abstract
+    Initializes (or re-initializes) the saved command line and exe path.
+
+Parameter
+    lpwstrCmdLine
+    lpwstrFullPath
+ 
+Return
+    PAL_ERROR
+
+Notes
+    This function takes ownership of lpwstrCmdLine, but not of lpwstrFullPath
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InitializeProcessCommandLine(
+    LPWSTR lpwstrCmdLine,
+    LPWSTR lpwstrFullPath
+)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    LPWSTR initial_dir = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Save the command line and initial directory
+    //
+
+    if (lpwstrFullPath)
+    {
+        LPWSTR lpwstr = PAL_wcsrchr(lpwstrFullPath, '/');
+        lpwstr[0] = '\0';
+        INT n = lstrlenW(lpwstrFullPath) + 1;
+
+        int iLen = n;
+        initial_dir = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(InternalMalloc(iLen*sizeof(WCHAR)));
+        if (NULL == initial_dir)
+        {
+            ERROR("malloc() failed! (initial_dir) \n");
+            palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        if (wcscpy_s(initial_dir, iLen, lpwstrFullPath) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            ERROR("wcscpy_s failed!\n");
+            free(initial_dir);
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto exit;
+        }
+
+        lpwstr[0] = '/';
+
+        free(g_lpwstrAppDir);
+        g_lpwstrAppDir = initial_dir;
+    }
+
+    free(g_lpwstrCmdLine);
+    g_lpwstrCmdLine = lpwstrCmdLine;
+
+exit:
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjects
+
+Abstract
+  Creates the IPalObjects that represent the current process
+  and the initial thread
+
+Parameter
+  pThread - the initial thread
+ 
+Return
+  PAL_ERROR
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjects(
+    CPalThread *pThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    HANDLE hThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+    HANDLE hProcess;
+
+    //
+    // Create initial thread object
+    //
+
+    palError = CreateThreadObject(pThread, pThread, &hThread);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjectsExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // This handle isn't needed
+    //
+
+    (void) g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hThread);
+
+    //
+    // Create and initialize process object
+    //
+    
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otProcess,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate process object");
+        goto CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjectsExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock, 
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to access local data");
+        goto CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjectsExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->dwProcessId = gPID;
+    pLocalData->ps = PS_RUNNING;
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        PROCESS_ALL_ACCESS,
+        &hProcess,
+        &g_pobjProcess
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjProcess is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so
+    // NULL it out here to prevent it from being released later
+    //
+
+    pobjProcess = NULL;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Failure registering process object");
+        goto CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjectsExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // There's no need to keep this handle around, so revoke
+    // it now
+    //
+
+    g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hProcess);
+
+CreateInitialProcessAndThreadObjectsExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCCleanupInitialProcess
+
+Abstract
+  Cleanup all the structures for the initial process.
+
+Parameter
+  VOID
+
+Return
+  VOID
+
+--*/
+VOID
+PROCCleanupInitialProcess(VOID)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &g_csProcess);
+
+    /* Free the application directory */
+    free(g_lpwstrAppDir);
+
+    /* Free the stored command line */
+    free(g_lpwstrCmdLine);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &g_csProcess);
+
+    //
+    // Object manager shutdown will handle freeing the underlying
+    // thread and process data
+    //
+    
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCAddThread
+
+Abstract
+  Add a thread to the thread list of the current process
+
+Parameter
+  pThread:   Thread object
+
+--*/
+void
+CorUnix::PROCAddThread(
+    CPalThread *pCurrentThread,
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread
+    )
+{
+    /* protect the access of the thread list with critical section for 
+       mutithreading access */
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pCurrentThread, &g_csProcess);
+
+    pTargetThread->SetNext(pGThreadList);
+    pGThreadList = pTargetThread;
+    g_dwThreadCount += 1;
+
+    TRACE("Thread 0x%p (id %#x) added to the process thread list\n",
+          pTargetThread, pTargetThread->GetThreadId());
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pCurrentThread, &g_csProcess);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCRemoveThread
+
+Abstract
+  Remove a thread form the thread list of the current process
+
+Parameter
+  CPalThread *pThread : thread object to remove
+
+(no return value)
+--*/
+void
+CorUnix::PROCRemoveThread(
+    CPalThread *pCurrentThread,
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread
+    )
+{
+    CPalThread *curThread, *prevThread;
+
+    /* protect the access of the thread list with critical section for 
+       mutithreading access */
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pCurrentThread, &g_csProcess);
+
+    curThread = pGThreadList;
+
+    /* if thread list is empty */
+    if (curThread == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Thread list is empty.\n");
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    /* do we remove the first thread? */
+    if (curThread == pTargetThread)
+    {
+        pGThreadList =  curThread->GetNext();
+        TRACE("Thread 0x%p (id %#x) removed from the process thread list\n", 
+            pTargetThread, pTargetThread->GetThreadId());
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    prevThread = curThread;
+    curThread = curThread->GetNext();
+    /* find the thread to remove */
+    while (curThread != NULL)
+    {
+        if (curThread == pTargetThread)
+        {
+            /* found, fix the chain list */
+            prevThread->SetNext(curThread->GetNext());
+            g_dwThreadCount -= 1;
+            TRACE("Thread %p removed from the process thread list\n", pTargetThread);
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+
+        prevThread = curThread;
+        curThread = curThread->GetNext();
+    }
+
+    WARN("Thread %p not removed (it wasn't found in the list)\n", pTargetThread);
+
+EXIT:
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pCurrentThread, &g_csProcess);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCGetNumberOfThreads
+
+Abstract
+  Return the number of threads in the thread list.
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  the number of threads.
+--*/
+INT
+CorUnix::PROCGetNumberOfThreads(
+    void)
+{
+    return g_dwThreadCount;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCProcessLock
+
+Abstract
+  Enter the critical section associated to the current process
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+VOID
+PROCProcessLock(
+    VOID)
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : NULL);
+
+    InternalEnterCriticalSection(pThread, &g_csProcess);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCProcessUnlock
+
+Abstract
+  Leave the critical section associated to the current process
+
+Parameter
+  void
+
+Return
+  void
+--*/
+VOID
+PROCProcessUnlock(
+    VOID)
+{
+    CPalThread * pThread = 
+        (PALIsThreadDataInitialized() ? InternalGetCurrentThread() : NULL);
+
+    InternalLeaveCriticalSection(pThread, &g_csProcess);    
+}
+
+#if USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+/*++
+Function:
+  PROCCleanupThreadSemIds
+
+Abstract
+  Cleanup SysV semaphore ids for all threads
+
+(no parameters, no return value)
+--*/
+VOID
+PROCCleanupThreadSemIds(void)
+{
+    //
+    // When using SysV semaphores, the semaphore ids used by PAL threads must be removed
+    // so they can be used again.
+    //
+
+    PROCProcessLock();
+
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread = pGThreadList;
+    while (NULL != pTargetThread)
+    {
+        pTargetThread->suspensionInfo.DestroySemaphoreIds();
+        pTargetThread = pTargetThread->GetNext();
+    }
+
+    PROCProcessUnlock();
+    
+}
+#endif // USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit
+
+Abstract:
+    Terminate current Process, but leave the caller alive
+
+Parameters:
+    BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally - If this is set, the PAL will exit as
+    quickly as possible. In particular, it will not unload DLLs.
+
+Return value :
+    No return
+
+Note:
+  This function is used in ExitThread and TerminateProcess
+
+--*/
+void
+CorUnix::TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit(BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally)
+{
+    BOOL locked;
+    DWORD old_terminator;
+
+    old_terminator = InterlockedCompareExchange(&terminator, GetCurrentThreadId(), 0);
+
+    if (0 != old_terminator && GetCurrentThreadId() != old_terminator)
+    {
+        /* another thread has already initiated the termination process. we
+           could just block on the PALInitLock critical section, but then
+           PROCSuspendOtherThreads would hang... so sleep forever here, we're
+           terminating anyway
+ 
+           Update: [TODO] PROCSuspendOtherThreads has been removed. Can this 
+           code be changed? */
+
+        /* note that if *this* thread has already started the termination
+           process, we want to proceed. the only way this can happen is if a
+           call to DllMain (from ExitProcess) brought us here (because DllMain
+           called ExitProcess, or TerminateProcess, or ExitThread);
+           TerminateProcess won't call DllMain, so there's no danger to get
+           caught in an infinite loop */
+        WARN("termination already started from another thread; blocking.\n");
+        poll(NULL, 0, INFTIM);
+    }
+
+    /* Try to lock the initialization count to prevent multiple threads from
+       terminating/initializing the PAL simultaneously */
+
+    /* note : it's also important to take this lock before the process lock,
+       because Init/Shutdown take the init lock, and the functions they call
+       may take the process lock. We must do it in the same order to avoid
+       deadlocks */
+
+    locked = PALInitLock();
+    if(locked && PALIsInitialized())
+    {
+        PROCNotifyProcessShutdown();
+        PALCommonCleanup();
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PROCGetProcessStatus
+
+Abstract:
+    Retrieve process state information (state & exit code).
+
+Parameters:
+    DWORD process_id : PID of process to retrieve state for
+    PROCESS_STATE *state : state of process (starting, running, done)
+    DWORD *exit_code : exit code of process (from ExitProcess, etc.)
+
+Return value :
+    TRUE on success
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+PROCGetProcessStatus(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    PROCESS_STATE *pps,
+    DWORD *pdwExitCode
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjProcess = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+    CProcProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+    pid_t wait_retval;
+    int status;
+
+    //
+    // First, check if we already know the status of this process. This will be 
+    // the case if this function has already been called for the same process.
+    //
+    
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hProcess,
+        &aotProcess,
+        0,
+        &pobjProcess
+        );
+    
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto PROCGetProcessStatusExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjProcess->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+    
+    if (PS_DONE == pLocalData->ps)
+    {
+        TRACE("We already called waitpid() on process ID %#x; process has "
+              "terminated, exit code is %d\n", 
+              pLocalData->dwProcessId, pLocalData->dwExitCode);
+        
+        *pps = pLocalData->ps;
+        *pdwExitCode = pLocalData->dwExitCode;
+
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+        
+        goto PROCGetProcessStatusExit;
+    }
+
+    /* By using waitpid(), we can even retrieve the exit code of a non-PAL 
+       process. However, note that waitpid() can only provide the low 8 bits 
+       of the exit code. This is all that is required for the PAL spec. */
+    TRACE("Looking for status of process; trying wait()");
+
+    while(1)
+    {
+        /* try to get state of process, using non-blocking call */
+        wait_retval = waitpid(pLocalData->dwProcessId, &status, WNOHANG);
+        
+        if ( wait_retval == (pid_t) pLocalData->dwProcessId )
+        {
+            /* success; get the exit code */
+            if ( WIFEXITED( status ) )
+            {
+                *pdwExitCode = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+                TRACE("Exit code was %d\n", *pdwExitCode);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                WARN("process terminated without exiting; can't get exit "
+                     "code. faking it.\n");
+                *pdwExitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+            }
+            *pps = PS_DONE;
+        }
+        else if (0 == wait_retval)
+        {
+            // The process is still running.
+            TRACE("Process %#x is still active.\n", pLocalData->dwProcessId);
+            *pps = PS_RUNNING;
+            *pdwExitCode = 0;
+        }
+        else if (-1 == wait_retval)
+        {
+            // This might happen if waitpid() had already been called, but 
+            // this shouldn't happen - we call waitpid once, store the 
+            // result, and use that afterwards.
+            // One legitimate cause of failure is EINTR; if this happens we 
+            // have to try again. A second legitimate cause is ECHILD, which
+            // happens if we're trying to retrieve the status of a currently-
+            // running process that isn't a child of this process.
+            if(EINTR == errno)
+            {
+                TRACE("waitpid() failed with EINTR; re-waiting");
+                continue;
+            }
+            else if (ECHILD == errno)
+            {
+                TRACE("waitpid() failed with ECHILD; calling kill instead");
+                if (kill(pLocalData->dwProcessId, 0) != 0)
+                {
+                    if(ESRCH == errno)
+                    {
+                        WARN("kill() failed with ESRCH, i.e. target "
+                             "process exited and it wasn't a child, "
+                             "so can't get the exit code, assuming  "
+                             "it was 0.\n");
+                        *pdwExitCode = 0;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ERROR("kill(pid, 0) failed; errno is %d (%s)\n",
+                              errno, strerror(errno));
+                        *pdwExitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+                    }
+                    *pps = PS_DONE;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    *pps = PS_RUNNING;
+                    *pdwExitCode = 0;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Ignoring unexpected waitpid errno and assuming that 
+                // the process is still running
+                ERROR("waitpid(pid=%u) failed with unexpected errno=%d (%s)\n",
+                      pLocalData->dwProcessId, errno, strerror(errno));
+                *pps = PS_RUNNING;
+                *pdwExitCode = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("waitpid returned unexpected value %d\n",wait_retval);
+            *pdwExitCode = EXIT_FAILURE;
+            *pps = PS_DONE;
+        }
+        // Break out of the loop in all cases except EINTR.
+        break;
+    }
+
+    // Save the exit code for future reference (waitpid will only work once).
+    if(PS_DONE == *pps)
+    {
+        pLocalData->ps = PS_DONE;
+        pLocalData->dwExitCode = *pdwExitCode;
+    }
+    
+    TRACE( "State of process 0x%08x : %d (exit code %d)\n", 
+           pLocalData->dwProcessId, *pps, *pdwExitCode );
+    
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+
+PROCGetProcessStatusExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjProcess)
+    {
+        pobjProcess->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+    
+    return palError;
+}
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+void PROCDumpThreadList()
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+
+    PROCProcessLock();
+
+    TRACE ("Threads:{\n");
+
+    pThread = pGThreadList;
+    while (NULL != pThread)
+    {
+        TRACE ("    {pThr=0x%p tid=%#x lwpid=%#x state=%d finsusp=%d}\n",
+               pThread, (int)pThread->GetThreadId(), (int)pThread->GetLwpId(), 
+               (int)pThread->synchronizationInfo.GetThreadState(),
+               (int)pThread->suspensionInfo.GetSuspendedForShutdown());
+
+        pThread = pThread->GetNext();
+    }
+    TRACE ("Threads:}\n");
+    
+    PROCProcessUnlock();
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Internal function definitions **********************************************/
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  getFileName
+
+Abstract:
+    Helper function for CreateProcessW, it retrieves the executable filename
+    from the application name, and the command line.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN  lpApplicationName:  first parameter from CreateProcessW (an unicode string)
+    IN  lpCommandLine: second parameter from CreateProcessW (an unicode string)
+    OUT lpFileName: file to be executed (the new process)
+
+Return:
+    TRUE: if the file name is retrieved
+    FALSE: otherwise
+
+--*/
+static
+BOOL
+getFileName(
+       LPCWSTR lpApplicationName,
+       LPWSTR lpCommandLine,
+       PathCharString& lpPathFileName)
+{
+    LPWSTR lpEnd;
+    WCHAR wcEnd;
+    char * lpFileName;
+    PathCharString lpFileNamePS;
+    char *lpTemp;
+
+    if (lpApplicationName)
+    {
+        int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpApplicationName, -1,
+                                            NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+
+        /* if only a file name is specified, prefix it with "./" */
+        if ((*lpApplicationName != '.') && (*lpApplicationName != '/') &&
+            (*lpApplicationName != '\\'))
+        {
+            length += 2;
+            lpTemp = lpPathFileName.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+
+            if (strcpy_s(lpTemp, length, "./") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                ERROR("strcpy_s failed!\n");
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            lpTemp+=2;
+
+       }
+       else
+       {
+            lpTemp = lpPathFileName.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+       }
+
+        /* Convert to ASCII */
+        length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpApplicationName, -1,
+                                     lpTemp, length, NULL, NULL);
+        if (length == 0)
+        {
+            lpPathFileName.CloseBuffer(0);
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        
+        lpPathFileName.CloseBuffer(length -1);
+
+        /* Replace '\' by '/' */
+        FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpTemp);
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* use the Command line */
+
+        /* filename should be the first token of the command line */
+
+        /* first skip all leading whitespace */
+        lpCommandLine = UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk(lpCommandLine,W16_WHITESPACE);
+        if(NULL == lpCommandLine)
+        {
+            ERROR("CommandLine contains only whitespace!\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        /* check if it is starting with a quote (") character */
+        if (*lpCommandLine == 0x0022)
+        {
+            lpCommandLine++; /* skip the quote */
+
+            /* file name ends with another quote */
+            lpEnd = PAL_wcschr(lpCommandLine+1, 0x0022);
+
+            /* if no quotes found, set lpEnd to the end of the Command line */
+            if (lpEnd == NULL)
+                lpEnd = lpCommandLine + PAL_wcslen(lpCommandLine);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            /* filename is end out by a whitespace */
+            lpEnd = PAL_wcspbrk(lpCommandLine, W16_WHITESPACE);
+
+            /* if no whitespace found, set lpEnd to end of the Command line */
+            if (lpEnd == NULL)
+            {
+                lpEnd = lpCommandLine + PAL_wcslen(lpCommandLine);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (lpEnd == lpCommandLine)
+        {
+            ERROR("application name and command line are both empty!\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        /* replace the last character by a null */
+        wcEnd = *lpEnd;
+        *lpEnd = 0x0000;
+
+        /* Convert to ASCII */
+        int size = 0;
+        int length = (PAL_wcslen(lpCommandLine)+1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+        lpFileName = lpFileNamePS.OpenStringBuffer(length);
+        if (NULL == lpFileName)
+        {
+            ERROR("Not Enough Memory!\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        if (!(size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpCommandLine, -1,
+                                 lpFileName, length, NULL, NULL)))
+        {
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        lpFileNamePS.CloseBuffer(size - 1);
+        /* restore last character */
+        *lpEnd = wcEnd;
+
+        /* Replace '\' by '/' */
+        FILEDosToUnixPathA(lpFileName);
+
+        if (!getPath(lpFileNamePS, lpPathFileName))
+        {
+            /* file is not in the path */
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Functions: VAL16 & VAL32
+   Byte swapping functions for reading in little endian format files
+--*/
+#ifdef BIGENDIAN
+
+static inline USHORT    VAL16(USHORT x)
+{
+    return ( ((x & 0xFF00) >> 8) | ((x & 0x00FF) << 8) );
+}
+static inline ULONG   VAL32(DWORD x)
+{
+    return( ((x & 0xFF000000L) >> 24) |
+            ((x & 0x00FF0000L) >>  8) |
+            ((x & 0x0000FF00L) <<  8) |
+            ((x & 0x000000FFL) << 24) );
+}
+#else   // BIGENDIAN
+// For little-endian machines, do nothing
+static __inline USHORT  VAL16(unsigned short x) { return x; }
+static __inline DWORD   VAL32(DWORD x){ return x; }
+#endif  // BIGENDIAN
+
+static const DWORD IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE = 0x5A4D;
+static const DWORD IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE  = 0x00004550;
+static const DWORD IMAGE_SIZEOF_NT_OPTIONAL32_HEADER     = 224;
+static const DWORD IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC         = 0x10b;
+static const DWORD IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR  = 14;
+
+typedef struct _IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY {
+    DWORD   VirtualAddress;
+    DWORD   Size;
+} IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY, *PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY;
+
+typedef struct _IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER {
+    //
+    // Standard fields.
+    //
+
+    WORD    Magic;
+    BYTE    MajorLinkerVersion;
+    BYTE    MinorLinkerVersion;
+    DWORD   SizeOfCode;
+    DWORD   SizeOfInitializedData;
+    DWORD   SizeOfUninitializedData;
+    DWORD   AddressOfEntryPoint;
+    DWORD   BaseOfCode;
+    DWORD   BaseOfData;
+
+    //
+    // NT additional fields.
+    //
+
+    DWORD   ImageBase;
+    DWORD   SectionAlignment;
+    DWORD   FileAlignment;
+    WORD    MajorOperatingSystemVersion;
+    WORD    MinorOperatingSystemVersion;
+    WORD    MajorImageVersion;
+    WORD    MinorImageVersion;
+    WORD    MajorSubsystemVersion;
+    WORD    MinorSubsystemVersion;
+    DWORD   Win32VersionValue;
+    DWORD   SizeOfImage;
+    DWORD   SizeOfHeaders;
+    DWORD   CheckSum;
+    WORD    Subsystem;
+    WORD    DllCharacteristics;
+    DWORD   SizeOfStackReserve;
+    DWORD   SizeOfStackCommit;
+    DWORD   SizeOfHeapReserve;
+    DWORD   SizeOfHeapCommit;
+    DWORD   LoaderFlags;
+    DWORD   NumberOfRvaAndSizes;
+    IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY DataDirectory[16];
+} IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, *PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32;
+
+typedef struct _IMAGE_FILE_HEADER {
+    WORD    Machine;
+    WORD    NumberOfSections;
+    DWORD   TimeDateStamp;
+    DWORD   PointerToSymbolTable;
+    DWORD   NumberOfSymbols;
+    WORD    SizeOfOptionalHeader;
+    WORD    Characteristics;
+} IMAGE_FILE_HEADER, *PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER;
+
+typedef struct _IMAGE_NT_HEADERS {
+    DWORD Signature;
+    IMAGE_FILE_HEADER FileHeader;
+    IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptionalHeader;
+} IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32, *PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32;
+
+typedef struct _IMAGE_DOS_HEADER {      /* DOS .EXE header*/
+    WORD   e_magic;                     /* Magic number*/
+    WORD   e_cblp;                      /* Bytes on last page of file*/
+    WORD   e_cp;                        /* Pages in file*/
+    WORD   e_crlc;                      /* Relocations*/
+    WORD   e_cparhdr;                   /* Size of header in paragraphs*/
+    WORD   e_minalloc;                  /* Minimum extra paragraphs needed*/
+    WORD   e_maxalloc;                  /* Maximum extra paragraphs needed*/
+    WORD   e_ss;                        /* Initial (relative) SS value*/
+    WORD   e_sp;                        /* Initial SP value*/
+    WORD   e_csum;                      /* Checksum*/
+    WORD   e_ip;                        /* Initial IP value*/
+    WORD   e_cs;                        /* Initial (relative) CS value*/
+    WORD   e_lfarlc;                    /* File address of relocation table*/
+    WORD   e_ovno;                      /* Overlay number*/
+    WORD   e_res[4];                    /* Reserved words*/
+    WORD   e_oemid;                     /* OEM identifier (for e_oeminfo)*/
+    WORD   e_oeminfo;                   /* OEM information; e_oemid specific*/
+    WORD   e_res2[10];                  /* Reserved words*/
+    LONG   e_lfanew;                    /* File address of new exe header*/
+  } IMAGE_DOS_HEADER, *PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER;
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  isManagedExecutable
+
+Determines if the passed in file is a managed executable
+
+--*/
+static
+int
+isManagedExecutable(LPCSTR lpFileName)
+{
+    HANDLE hFile = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    DWORD cbRead;
+    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER        dosheader;
+    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32      NtHeaders; 
+    BOOL ret = 0;
+
+    /* then check if it is a PE/COFF file */ 
+    if((hFile = CreateFileA(lpFileName, GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ, NULL,
+                            OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN,
+                            NULL)) == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {        
+          goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+    }
+      
+    /* Open the file and read the IMAGE_DOS_HEADER structure */ 
+    if(!ReadFile(hFile, &dosheader, sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER), &cbRead, NULL) || cbRead != sizeof(IMAGE_DOS_HEADER) )
+      goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+       
+    /* check the DOS headers */
+    if ( (dosheader.e_magic != VAL16(IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE)) || (VAL32(dosheader.e_lfanew) <= 0) ) 
+      goto isManagedExecutableExit;         
+ 
+    /* Advance the file pointer to File address of new exe header */
+    if( SetFilePointer(hFile, VAL32(dosheader.e_lfanew), NULL, FILE_BEGIN) == 0xffffffff)
+      goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+            
+    if( !ReadFile(hFile, &NtHeaders , sizeof(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32), &cbRead, NULL) || cbRead != sizeof(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32) )
+      goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+   
+    /* check the NT headers */   
+    if ((NtHeaders.Signature != VAL32(IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE)) ||
+        (NtHeaders.FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader != VAL16(IMAGE_SIZEOF_NT_OPTIONAL32_HEADER)) ||
+        (NtHeaders.OptionalHeader.Magic != VAL16(IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC)))
+        goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+     
+    /* Check that the virtual address of IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COMHEADER is non-null */
+    if ( NtHeaders.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR].VirtualAddress == 0 )
+        goto isManagedExecutableExit;
+  
+    /* The file is a managed executable */
+    ret =  1;
+     
+ isManagedExecutableExit:
+    /* Close the file handle if we opened it */
+    if ( hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE )
+      CloseHandle(hFile);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    checkFileType
+
+Abstract:
+    Return the type of the file.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN  lpFileName:  file name
+
+Return:
+    FILE_DIR: Directory
+    FILE_UNIX: Unix executable file
+    FILE_PE: managed PE/COFF file
+    FILE_ERROR: Error
+--*/
+static
+int
+checkFileType( LPCSTR lpFileName)
+{ 
+    struct stat stat_data;
+
+    /* check if the file exist */
+    if ( access(lpFileName, F_OK) != 0 )
+    {
+        return FILE_ERROR;
+    }
+    
+    if( isManagedExecutable(lpFileName) )
+    {
+        return FILE_PE;
+    }
+
+    /* if it's not a PE/COFF file, check if it is executable */
+    if ( -1 != stat( lpFileName, &stat_data ) )
+    {
+
+        if((stat_data.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR )
+        {
+            /*The given file is a directory*/
+            return FILE_DIR;
+        }
+        if ( UTIL_IsExecuteBitsSet( &stat_data ) )
+        {
+            return FILE_UNIX;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return FILE_ERROR;
+        }
+    }
+    return FILE_ERROR;
+
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  buildArgv
+
+Abstract:
+    Helper function for CreateProcessW, it builds the array of argument in
+    a format than can be passed to execve function.lppArgv is allocated
+    in this function and must be freed by the caller.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN  lpCommandLine: second parameter from CreateProcessW (an unicode string)
+    IN  lpAppPath: cannonical name of the application to launched
+    OUT lppArgv: array of arguments to be passed to the new process
+    IN  prependLoader:  If True first argument should be the PE loader
+
+Return:
+    the number of arguments
+
+note: this doesn't yet match precisely the behavior of Windows, but should be 
+sufficient.
+what's here:
+1) stripping nonquoted whitespace
+2) handling of quoted parameters and quoted "parts" of parameters, removal of 
+   doublequotes (<aaaa"b bbb b"ccc> becomes <aaaab bbb bccc>)
+3) \" as an escaped doublequote, both within doublequoted sequences and out
+what's known missing :
+1) \\ as an escaped backslash, but only if the string of '\' 
+   is followed by a " (escaped or not)                                       
+2) "alternate" escape sequence : double-doublequote within a double-quoted 
+    argument (<"aaa a""aa aaa">) expands to a single-doublequote(<aaa a"aa aaa>)
+note that there may be other special cases
+--*/
+static
+char **
+buildArgv(
+      LPCWSTR lpCommandLine,
+      PathCharString& lpAppPath,
+      UINT *pnArg,
+      BOOL prependLoader)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    UINT iWlen;
+    char *lpAsciiCmdLine;
+    char *pChar;
+    char **lppArgv;
+    char **lppTemp;
+    UINT i,j;
+
+    *pnArg = 0;
+
+    iWlen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP,0,lpCommandLine,-1,NULL,0,NULL,NULL);
+
+    if(0 == iWlen)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Can't determine length of command line\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    /* make sure to allocate enough space, up for the worst case scenario */
+    int iLength = (iWlen + strlen(PROCESS_PELOADER_FILENAME) + lpAppPath.GetCount() + 2);
+    lpAsciiCmdLine = (char *) InternalMalloc(iLength);
+
+    if (lpAsciiCmdLine == NULL)
+    {
+        ERROR("Unable to allocate memory\n");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    pChar = lpAsciiCmdLine;
+
+    /* Prepend the PE loader, if it's required */
+    if (prependLoader)
+    {
+        if ((strcpy_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength,  PROCESS_PELOADER_FILENAME) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength, " ") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS))
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s/strcat_s failed!\n");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        pChar = lpAsciiCmdLine + strlen (lpAsciiCmdLine);
+
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        /* put the cannonical name of the application as the first parameter */
+        if ((strcpy_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength, "\"") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength, lpAppPath) != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength,  "\"") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS) ||
+            (strcat_s(lpAsciiCmdLine, iLength, " ") != SAFECRT_SUCCESS))
+        {
+            ERROR("strcpy_s/strcat_s failed!\n");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        pChar = lpAsciiCmdLine + strlen (lpAsciiCmdLine);
+
+        /* let's skip the first argument in the command line */
+
+        /* strip leading whitespace; function returns NULL if there's only 
+           whitespace, so the if statement below will work correctly */
+        lpCommandLine = UTIL_inverse_wcspbrk((LPWSTR)lpCommandLine, W16_WHITESPACE);
+
+        if (lpCommandLine)
+        {
+            LPCWSTR stringstart = lpCommandLine;
+
+            do
+            {
+                /* find first whitespace or dquote character */
+                lpCommandLine = PAL_wcspbrk(lpCommandLine,W16_WHITESPACE_DQUOTE);
+                if(NULL == lpCommandLine)
+                {
+                    /* no whitespace or dquote found : first arg is only arg */
+                    break;
+                }
+                else if('"' == *lpCommandLine)
+                {
+                    /* got a dquote; skip over it if it's escaped; make sure we 
+                       don't try to look before the first character in the 
+                       string */
+                    if(lpCommandLine > stringstart && '\\' == lpCommandLine[-1])
+                    {
+                        lpCommandLine++;
+                        continue;
+                    } 
+
+                    /* found beginning of dquoted sequence, run to the end */
+                    /* don't stop if we hit an escaped dquote */
+                    lpCommandLine++;
+                    while( *lpCommandLine )
+                    {
+                        lpCommandLine = PAL_wcschr(lpCommandLine, '"');
+                        if(NULL == lpCommandLine)
+                        {
+                            /* no ending dquote, arg runs to end of string */
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        if('\\' != lpCommandLine[-1])
+                        {
+                            /* dquote is not escaped, dquoted sequence is over*/
+                            break;
+                        } 
+                        lpCommandLine++;
+                    }   
+                    if(NULL == lpCommandLine || '\0' == *lpCommandLine)
+                    {
+                        /* no terminating dquote */
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    /* step over dquote, keep looking for end of arg */
+                    lpCommandLine++;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    /* found whitespace : end of arg. */
+                    lpCommandLine++;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }while(lpCommandLine);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Convert to ASCII */
+    if (lpCommandLine)
+    {
+        if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpCommandLine, -1,
+                                 pChar, iWlen+1, NULL, NULL))
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to convert to a multibyte string\n");
+            free(lpAsciiCmdLine);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pChar = lpAsciiCmdLine;
+
+    /* loops through all the arguments, to find out how many arguments there 
+       are; while looping replace whitespace by \0 */
+
+    /* skip leading whitespace (and replace by '\0') */
+    /* note : there shouldn't be any, command starts either with PE loader name 
+       or computed application path, but this won't hurt */
+    while (*pChar)
+    {
+        if (!isspace((unsigned char) *pChar))
+        {
+           break;
+        }
+        WARN("unexpected whitespace in command line!\n");
+        *pChar++ = '\0';
+    }
+
+    while (*pChar)
+    {
+        (*pnArg)++;
+
+        /* find end of current arg */
+        while(*pChar && !isspace((unsigned char) *pChar))
+        {
+            if('"' == *pChar)
+            {
+                /* skip over dquote if it's escaped; make sure we don't try to 
+                   look before the start of the string for the \ */
+                if(pChar > lpAsciiCmdLine && '\\' == pChar[-1])
+                {
+                    pChar++;
+                    continue;
+                }
+                
+                /* found leading dquote : look for ending dquote */
+                pChar++;
+                while (*pChar)
+                {
+                    pChar = strchr(pChar,'"');
+                    if(NULL == pChar)
+                    {
+                        /* no ending dquote found : argument extends to the end 
+                           of the string*/
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    if('\\' != pChar[-1])
+                    {
+                        /* found a dquote, and it's not escaped : quoted 
+                           sequence is over*/
+                        break;
+                    }      
+                    /* found a dquote, but it was escaped : skip over it, keep 
+                       looking */
+                    pChar++;
+                }
+                if(NULL == pChar || '\0' == *pChar)
+                {
+                    /* reached the end of the string : we're done */
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            pChar++;
+        }
+        if(NULL == pChar)
+        {
+            /* reached the end of the string : we're done */
+            break;
+        }
+        /* reached end of arg; replace trailing whitespace by '\0', to split 
+           arguments into separate strings */
+        while (isspace((unsigned char) *pChar))
+        {
+            *pChar++ = '\0';
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* allocate lppargv according to the number of arguments
+       in the command line */
+    lppArgv = (char **) InternalMalloc((((*pnArg)+1) * sizeof(char *)));
+
+    if (lppArgv == NULL)
+    {
+        free(lpAsciiCmdLine);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    lppTemp = lppArgv;
+
+    /* at this point all parameters are separated by NULL
+       we need to fill the array of arguments; we must also remove all dquotes 
+       from arguments (new process shouldn't see them) */
+    for (i = *pnArg, pChar = lpAsciiCmdLine; i; i--)
+    {
+        /* skip NULLs */
+        while (!*pChar)
+        {
+            pChar++;
+        }
+
+        *lppTemp = pChar;
+
+        /* go to the next parameter, removing dquotes as we go along */
+        j = 0;
+        while (*pChar)
+        {
+            /* copy character if it's not a dquote */
+            if('"' != *pChar)
+            {
+                /* if it's the \ of an escaped dquote, skip over it, we'll 
+                   copy the " instead */
+                if( '\\' == pChar[0] && '"' == pChar[1] )
+                {
+                    pChar++;
+                }
+                (*lppTemp)[j++] = *pChar;
+            }
+            pChar++;
+        }
+        /* re-NULL terminate the argument */
+        (*lppTemp)[j] = '\0';
+
+        lppTemp++;
+    }
+
+    *lppTemp = NULL;
+
+    return lppArgv;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  getPath
+
+Abstract:
+    Helper function for CreateProcessW, it looks in the path environment
+    variable to find where the process to executed is.
+
+Parameters:
+    IN  lpFileName: file name to search in the path
+    OUT lpPathFileName: returned string containing the path and the filename
+
+Return:
+    TRUE if found
+    FALSE otherwise
+--*/
+static
+BOOL
+getPath(
+      PathCharString& lpFileNameString,
+      PathCharString& lpPathFileName)
+{
+    LPSTR lpPath;
+    LPSTR lpNext;
+    LPSTR lpCurrent;
+    LPWSTR lpwstr;
+    INT n;
+    INT nextLen;
+    INT slashLen;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    LPCSTR lpFileName = lpFileNameString.GetString();
+
+    /* if a path is specified, only look there */
+    if(strchr(lpFileName, '/'))
+    {
+        if (access (lpFileName, F_OK) == 0)
+        {
+            if (!lpPathFileName.Set(lpFileNameString))
+            {
+                TRACE("Set of StackString failed!\n");
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+
+            TRACE("file %s exists\n", lpFileName);
+            return TRUE;
+        } 
+        else
+        {
+            TRACE("file %s doesn't exist.\n", lpFileName);
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* first look in directory from which the application loaded */
+    lpwstr = g_lpwstrAppDir;
+
+    if (lpwstr)
+    {
+        /* convert path to multibyte, check buffer size */
+        n = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpwstr, -1, NULL, 0,
+            NULL, NULL);
+        
+        if (!lpPathFileName.Reserve(n + lpFileNameString.GetCount() + 1 ))
+        {
+            ERROR("StackString Reserve failed!\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        lpPath = lpPathFileName.OpenStringBuffer(n);
+
+        n = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, lpwstr, -1, lpPath, n,
+            NULL, NULL);
+
+        if (n == 0)
+        {
+            lpPathFileName.CloseBuffer(0);
+            ASSERT("WideCharToMultiByte failure!\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        
+        lpPathFileName.CloseBuffer(n - 1);
+
+        lpPathFileName.Append("/", 1);
+        lpPathFileName.Append(lpFileNameString);
+
+        if (access(lpPathFileName, F_OK) == 0)
+        {
+            TRACE("found %s in application directory (%s)\n", lpFileName, lpPathFileName.GetString());
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* then try the current directory */
+    if (!lpPathFileName.Reserve(lpFileNameString.GetCount()  + 2))
+    {
+        ERROR("StackString Reserve failed!\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    lpPathFileName.Set("./", 2);
+    lpPathFileName.Append(lpFileNameString);
+
+    if (access (lpPathFileName, R_OK) == 0)
+    {
+        TRACE("found %s in current directory.\n", lpFileName);
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* Then try to look in the path */
+    lpPath = EnvironGetenv("PATH");
+
+    if (!lpPath)
+    {
+        ERROR("EnvironGetenv returned NULL for $PATH\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    lpNext = lpPath;
+
+    /* search in every path directory */
+    TRACE("looking for file %s in $PATH (%s)\n", lpFileName, lpPath);
+    while (lpNext)
+    {
+        /* skip all leading ':' */
+        while(*lpNext==':')
+        {
+            lpNext++;
+        }
+        
+        /* search for ':' */
+        lpCurrent = strchr(lpNext, ':');
+        if (lpCurrent)
+        {
+            *lpCurrent++ = '\0';
+        }
+        
+        nextLen = strlen(lpNext);
+        slashLen = (lpNext[nextLen-1] == '/') ? 0:1;
+
+        if (!lpPathFileName.Reserve(nextLen + lpFileNameString.GetCount() + 1))
+        {
+            free(lpPath);
+            ERROR("StackString ran out of memory for full path\n");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+        
+        lpPathFileName.Set(lpNext, nextLen);
+            
+        if( slashLen == 1)
+        {
+            /* append a '/' if there's no '/' at the end of the path */
+            lpPathFileName.Append("/", 1);
+        }
+
+        lpPathFileName.Append(lpFileNameString);
+
+        if ( access (lpPathFileName, F_OK) == 0)
+        {
+            TRACE("Found %s in $PATH element %s\n", lpFileName, lpNext);
+            free(lpPath);
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        lpNext = lpCurrent;  /* search in the next directory */
+    }
+
+    free(lpPath);
+    TRACE("File %s not found in $PATH\n", lpFileName);
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    ~CProcProcessLocalData
+
+Process data destructor
+--*/
+CorUnix::CProcProcessLocalData::~CProcProcessLocalData()
+{
+    if (pProcessModules != NULL)
+    {
+        DestroyProcessModules(pProcessModules);
+    }
+}
+        
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/procprivate.hpp b/src/pal/src/thread/procprivate.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bd35b69fe2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/procprivate.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    thread/procprivate.hpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Private process structures and routines
+    
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#ifndef _PAL_PROCPRIVATE_HPP_
+#define _PAL_PROCPRIVATE_HPP_
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+
+namespace CorUnix
+{
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      PROCAddThread
+
+    Abstract
+      Add a thread to the thread list of the current process
+    --*/
+    void PROCAddThread(CPalThread *pCurrentThread, CPalThread *pTargetThread);
+
+    extern CPalThread *pGThreadList;
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      PROCRemoveThread
+
+    Abstract
+      Remove a thread form the thread list of the current process
+    --*/
+    void PROCRemoveThread(CPalThread *pCurrentThread, CPalThread *pTargetThread);
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      PROCGetNumberOfThreads
+
+    Abstract
+      Return the number of threads in the thread list.
+    --*/
+    INT PROCGetNumberOfThreads(void);
+
+
+    /*++
+    Function:
+      TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit
+
+    Parameters:
+        BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally - If this is set, the PAL will exit as
+        quickly as possible. In particular, it will not unload DLLs.
+
+    Abstract:
+        Terminate Current Process, but leave the caller alive
+    --*/
+    void TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit(BOOL bTerminateUnconditionally);
+
+}
+
+#endif //_PAL_PROCPRIVATE_HPP_
+
+
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/thread.cpp b/src/pal/src/thread/thread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..566ef855b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/thread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2871 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    thread.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Thread object and core APIs
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD); // some headers have code with asserts, so do this first
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/context.h"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/mutex.hpp"
+#include "pal/handlemgr.hpp"
+#include "pal/cs.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+
+#include "procprivate.hpp"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/module.h"
+#include "pal/environ.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+
+#if defined(__NetBSD__) && !HAVE_PTHREAD_GETCPUCLOCKID
+#include <sys/cdefs.h>
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#include <kvm.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#if HAVE_PTHREAD_NP_H
+#include <pthread_np.h>
+#endif
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+#if HAVE_POLL
+#include <poll.h>
+#else
+#include "pal/fakepoll.h"
+#endif  // HAVE_POLL
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_LWP_H
+#include <sys/lwp.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_LWP_H
+#include <lwp.h>
+#endif
+// If we don't have sys/lwp.h but do expect to use _lwp_self, declare it to silence compiler warnings
+#if HAVE__LWP_SELF && !HAVE_SYS_LWP_H && !HAVE_LWP_H
+extern "C" int _lwp_self ();
+#endif
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+
+/* ------------------- Definitions ------------------------------*/
+
+// The default stack size of a newly created thread (currently 256KB)
+// when the dwStackSize parameter of PAL_CreateThread()
+// is zero. This value can be set by setting the
+// environment variable PAL_THREAD_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE
+// (the value should be in bytes and in hex).
+DWORD CPalThread::s_dwDefaultThreadStackSize = 256*1024; 
+
+/* list of free CPalThread objects */
+static Volatile<CPalThread*> free_threads_list = NULL;
+
+/* lock to access list of free THREAD structures */
+/* NOTE: can't use a CRITICAL_SECTION here (see comment in FreeTHREAD) */
+int free_threads_spinlock = 0;
+
+/* lock to access iEndingThreads counter, condition variable to signal shutdown 
+thread when any remaining threads have died, and count of exiting threads that
+can't be suspended. */
+pthread_mutex_t ptmEndThread;
+pthread_cond_t ptcEndThread;
+static int iEndingThreads = 0;
+
+// Activation function that gets called when an activation is injected into a thread.
+PAL_ActivationFunction g_activationFunction = NULL;
+// Function to check if an activation can be safely injected at a specified context
+PAL_SafeActivationCheckFunction g_safeActivationCheckFunction = NULL;
+
+void
+ThreadCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    );
+
+PAL_ERROR
+ThreadInitializationRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    CObjectType *pObjectType,
+    void *pImmutableData,
+    void *pSharedData,
+    void *pProcessLocalData
+    );
+
+void 
+IncrementEndingThreadCount(
+    void
+    );
+
+void 
+DecrementEndingThreadCount(
+    void
+    );
+
+CObjectType CorUnix::otThread(
+                otiThread,
+                ThreadCleanupRoutine,
+                ThreadInitializationRoutine,
+                0, //sizeof(CThreadImmutableData),
+                sizeof(CThreadProcessLocalData),
+                0, //sizeof(CThreadSharedData),
+                0, // THREAD_ALL_ACCESS,
+                CObjectType::SecuritySupported,
+                CObjectType::SecurityInfoNotPersisted,
+                CObjectType::UnnamedObject,
+                CObjectType::LocalDuplicationOnly,
+                CObjectType::WaitableObject,
+                CObjectType::SingleTransitionObject,
+                CObjectType::ThreadReleaseHasNoSideEffects,
+                CObjectType::NoOwner
+                );
+
+CAllowedObjectTypes aotThread(otiThread);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalEndCurrentThreadWrapper
+
+  Destructor for the thread-specific data representing the current PAL thread.
+  Called from pthread_exit.  (pthread_exit is not called from the thread on which
+  main() was first invoked.  This is not a problem, though, since when main()
+  returns, this results in an implicit call to exit().)
+
+  arg: the PAL thread
+*/
+static void InternalEndCurrentThreadWrapper(void *arg)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread = (CPalThread *) arg;
+
+    // When pthread_exit calls us, it has already removed the PAL thread
+    // from TLS.  Since InternalEndCurrentThread calls functions that assert
+    // that the current thread is known to this PAL, and that pThread
+    // actually is the current PAL thread, put it back in TLS temporarily.
+    pthread_setspecific(thObjKey, pThread);
+    (void)PAL_Enter(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+    
+    /* Call entry point functions of every attached modules to
+       indicate the thread is exiting */
+    /* note : no need to enter a critical section for serialization, the loader 
+       will lock its own critical section */
+    LOADCallDllMain(DLL_THREAD_DETACH, NULL);
+
+    // PAL_Leave will be called just before we release the thread reference
+    // in InternalEndCurrentThread.
+    InternalEndCurrentThread(pThread);
+    pthread_setspecific(thObjKey, NULL);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TLSInitialize
+
+  Initialize the TLS subsystem
+--*/
+BOOL TLSInitialize()
+{
+    /* Create the pthread key for thread objects, which we use
+       for fast access to the current thread object. */
+    if (pthread_key_create(&thObjKey, InternalEndCurrentThreadWrapper))
+    {
+        ERROR("Couldn't create the thread object key\n");
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    SPINLOCKInit(&free_threads_spinlock);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    TLSCleanup
+
+    Shutdown the TLS subsystem
+--*/
+VOID TLSCleanup()
+{
+    SPINLOCKDestroy(&free_threads_spinlock);
+
+    pthread_key_delete(thObjKey);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    AllocTHREAD
+
+Abstract:
+    Allocate CPalThread instance
+  
+Return:
+    The fresh thread structure, NULL otherwise
+--*/
+CPalThread* AllocTHREAD()
+{
+    CPalThread* pThread = NULL;
+
+    /* Get the lock */
+    SPINLOCKAcquire(&free_threads_spinlock, 0);
+
+    pThread = free_threads_list;
+    if (pThread != NULL)
+    {
+        free_threads_list = pThread->GetNext();
+    }
+
+    /* Release the lock */
+    SPINLOCKRelease(&free_threads_spinlock);
+
+    if (pThread == NULL)
+    {
+        pThread = InternalNew<CPalThread>();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pThread = new (pThread) CPalThread;
+    }
+
+    return pThread;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    FreeTHREAD
+
+Abstract:
+    Free THREAD structure
+  
+--*/
+static void FreeTHREAD(CPalThread *pThread)
+{
+    //
+    // Run the destructors for this object
+    //
+
+    pThread->~CPalThread();
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    // Fill value so we can find code re-using threads after they're dead. We
+    // check against pThread->dwGuard when getting the current thread's data.
+    memset((void*)pThread, 0xcc, sizeof(*pThread));
+#endif
+    
+    // We SHOULD be doing the following, but it causes massive problems. See the 
+    // comment below.
+    //pthread_setspecific(thObjKey, NULL); // Make sure any TLS entry is removed.
+
+    //
+    // Never actually free the THREAD structure to make the TLS lookaside cache work. 
+    // THREAD* for terminated thread can be stuck in the lookaside cache code for an 
+    // arbitrary amount of time. The unused THREAD* structures has to remain in a 
+    // valid memory and thus can't be returned to the heap.
+    //
+    // TODO: is this really true? Why would the entry remain in the cache for
+    // an indefinite period of time after we've flushed it?
+    //
+
+    /* NOTE: can't use a CRITICAL_SECTION here: EnterCriticalSection(&cs,TRUE) and
+       LeaveCriticalSection(&cs,TRUE) need to access the thread private data 
+       stored in the very THREAD structure that we just destroyed. Entering and 
+       leaving the critical section with internal==FALSE leads to possible hangs
+       in the PROCSuspendOtherThreads logic, at shutdown time 
+
+       Update: [TODO] PROCSuspendOtherThreads has been removed. Can this 
+       code be changed?*/
+
+    /* Get the lock */
+    SPINLOCKAcquire(&free_threads_spinlock, 0);
+
+    pThread->SetNext(free_threads_list);
+    free_threads_list = pThread;
+
+    /* Release the lock */
+    SPINLOCKRelease(&free_threads_spinlock);
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  THREADGetThreadProcessId
+
+returns the process owner ID of the indicated hThread
+--*/
+DWORD 
+THREADGetThreadProcessId(
+    HANDLE hThread
+    // UNIXTODO Should take pThread parameter here (modify callers)
+    )
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    DWORD dwProcessId = 0;
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0,
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (!pThread->IsDummy())
+        {
+            dwProcessId = GetCurrentProcessId();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ASSERT("Dummy thread passed to THREADGetProcessId\n");
+        }
+
+        if (NULL != pobjThread)
+        {
+            pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("Couldn't retreive the hThread:%p pid owner !\n", hThread);
+    }
+
+    
+    return dwProcessId;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentThreadId
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+GetCurrentThreadId(
+            VOID)
+{
+    DWORD dwThreadId;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentThreadId);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentThreadId()\n");
+
+    //
+    // TODO: should do perf test to see how this compares
+    // with calling InternalGetCurrentThread (i.e., is our lookaside
+    // cache faster on average than pthread_self?)
+    //
+    
+    dwThreadId = (DWORD)THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+    
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentThreadId returns DWORD %#x\n", dwThreadId);    
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentThreadId);
+    
+    return dwThreadId;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetCurrentThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetCurrentThread(
+          VOID)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetCurrentThread);
+    ENTRY("GetCurrentThread()\n");
+    
+    LOGEXIT("GetCurrentThread returns HANDLE %p\n", hPseudoCurrentThread);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetCurrentThread);
+
+    /* return a pseudo handle */
+    return (HANDLE) hPseudoCurrentThread;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SwitchToThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SwitchToThread(
+    VOID)
+{
+    BOOL ret;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(SwitchToThread);
+    ENTRY("SwitchToThread(VOID)\n");
+
+    /* sched_yield yields to another thread in the current process. This implementation 
+       won't work well for cross-process synchronization. */
+    ret = (sched_yield() == 0);
+
+    LOGEXIT("SwitchToThread returns BOOL %d\n", ret);
+    PERF_EXIT(SwitchToThread);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  CreateThread
+
+Note:
+  lpThreadAttributes could be ignored.
+
+See MSDN doc.
+
+--*/
+HANDLE
+PALAPI
+CreateThread(
+    IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+    IN DWORD dwStackSize,
+    IN LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
+    IN LPVOID lpParameter,
+    IN DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+    OUT LPDWORD lpThreadId)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    HANDLE hNewThread = NULL;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(CreateThread);
+    ENTRY("CreateThread(lpThreadAttr=%p, dwStackSize=%u, lpStartAddress=%p, "
+          "lpParameter=%p, dwFlags=%#x, lpThreadId=%#x)\n",
+          lpThreadAttributes, dwStackSize, lpStartAddress, lpParameter,
+          dwCreationFlags, lpThreadId);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalCreateThread(
+        pThread,
+        lpThreadAttributes,
+        dwStackSize,
+        lpStartAddress,
+        lpParameter,
+        dwCreationFlags,
+        UserCreatedThread,
+        lpThreadId,
+        &hNewThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }    
+
+    LOGEXIT("CreateThread returns HANDLE %p\n", hNewThread);
+    PERF_EXIT(CreateThread);
+
+    return hNewThread;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateThread(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+    DWORD dwStackSize,
+    LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE lpStartAddress,
+    LPVOID lpParameter,
+    DWORD dwCreationFlags,
+    PalThreadType eThreadType,
+    LPDWORD lpThreadId,
+    HANDLE *phThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pNewThread = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+    bool fAttributesInitialized = FALSE;
+    bool fThreadDataAddedToProcessList = FALSE;
+    HANDLE hNewThread = NULL;
+    
+    pthread_t pthread;
+    pthread_attr_t pthreadAttr;
+    size_t pthreadStackSize;
+#if PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    int storedErrno;
+#endif  // PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    BOOL fHoldingProcessLock = FALSE;
+    int iError = 0;
+
+    if (0 != terminator)
+    {
+        //
+        // Since the PAL is in the middle of shutting down we don't want to
+        // create any new threads (since it's possible for that new thread
+        // to create another thread before the shutdown thread gets around
+        // to suspending it, and so on). We don't want to return an error
+        // here, though, as some programs (in particular, build) do not
+        // handle CreateThread errors properly -- instead, we just put
+        // the calling thread to sleep (unless it is the shutdown thread,
+        // which could occur if a DllMain PROCESS_DETACH handler tried to
+        // create a new thread for some odd reason).
+        //
+        
+        ERROR("process is terminating, can't create new thread.\n");
+
+        if (pThread->GetThreadId() != static_cast<DWORD>(terminator))
+        {
+            while (true)
+            {
+                poll(NULL, 0, INFTIM);
+                sched_yield();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            //
+            // This is the shutdown thread, so just return an error
+            //
+            
+            palError = ERROR_PROCESS_ABORTED;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Validate parameters */
+
+    if (lpThreadAttributes != NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("lpThreadAttributes parameter must be NULL (%p)\n", 
+               lpThreadAttributes);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+    
+    // Ignore the STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION flag
+    dwCreationFlags &= ~STACK_SIZE_PARAM_IS_A_RESERVATION;
+    
+    if ((dwCreationFlags != 0) && (dwCreationFlags != CREATE_SUSPENDED))
+    {
+        ASSERT("dwCreationFlags parameter is invalid (%#x)\n", dwCreationFlags);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Create the CPalThread for the thread
+    //
+
+    pNewThread = AllocTHREAD();
+    if (NULL == pNewThread)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    palError = pNewThread->RunPreCreateInitializers();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    pNewThread->m_lpStartAddress = lpStartAddress;
+    pNewThread->m_lpStartParameter = lpParameter;
+    pNewThread->m_bCreateSuspended = (dwCreationFlags & CREATE_SUSPENDED) == CREATE_SUSPENDED;
+    pNewThread->m_eThreadType = eThreadType;
+
+    if (0 != pthread_attr_init(&pthreadAttr))
+    {
+        ERROR("couldn't initialize pthread attributes\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;        
+    }
+
+    fAttributesInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    /* adjust the stack size if necessary */
+    if (0 != pthread_attr_getstacksize(&pthreadAttr, &pthreadStackSize))
+    {
+        ERROR("couldn't set thread stack size\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;        
+    }
+
+    TRACE("default pthread stack size is %d, caller requested %d (default is %d)\n",
+          pthreadStackSize, dwStackSize, CPalThread::s_dwDefaultThreadStackSize);
+
+    if (0 == dwStackSize)
+    {
+        dwStackSize = CPalThread::s_dwDefaultThreadStackSize;
+    }
+
+#ifdef PTHREAD_STACK_MIN
+    if (PTHREAD_STACK_MIN > pthreadStackSize)
+    {
+        WARN("default stack size is reported as %d, but PTHREAD_STACK_MIN is "
+             "%d\n", pthreadStackSize, PTHREAD_STACK_MIN);
+    }
+#endif
+    
+    if (pthreadStackSize < dwStackSize)
+    {
+        TRACE("setting thread stack size to %d\n", dwStackSize);
+        if (0 != pthread_attr_setstacksize(&pthreadAttr, dwStackSize))
+        {
+            ERROR("couldn't set pthread stack size to %d\n", dwStackSize);
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            goto EXIT;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TRACE("using the system default thread stack size of %d\n", pthreadStackSize);
+    }
+
+#if HAVE_THREAD_SELF || HAVE__LWP_SELF
+    /* Create new threads as "bound", so each pthread is permanently bound
+       to an LWP.  Get/SetThreadContext() depend on this 1:1 mapping. */
+    pthread_attr_setscope(&pthreadAttr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM);
+#endif // HAVE_THREAD_SELF || HAVE__LWP_SELF
+
+    //
+    // We never call pthread_join, so create the new thread as detached
+    //
+
+    iError = pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&pthreadAttr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
+    _ASSERTE(0 == iError);
+
+    //
+    // Create the IPalObject for the thread and store it in the object
+    //
+
+    palError = CreateThreadObject(
+        pThread,
+        pNewThread,
+        &hNewThread);
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Add the thread to the process list
+    //
+
+    // 
+    // We use the process lock to ensure that we're not interrupted
+    // during the creation process. After adding the CPalThread reference
+    // to the process list, we want to make sure the actual thread has been 
+    // started. Otherwise, there's a window where the thread can be found
+    // in the process list but doesn't yet exist in the system.
+    //
+
+    PROCProcessLock();
+    fHoldingProcessLock = TRUE;
+
+    PROCAddThread(pThread, pNewThread);
+    fThreadDataAddedToProcessList = TRUE;
+
+    //
+    // Spawn the new pthread
+    //
+
+#if PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    storedErrno = errno;
+#endif  // PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    _ASSERT_MSG(pNewThread->IsInPal(), "New threads we're about to spawn should always be in the PAL.\n");
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    iError = pthread_create(&pthread, &pthreadAttr, CPalThread::ThreadEntry, pNewThread);
+
+#if PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    if (iError == 0)
+    {
+        // Restore errno if pthread_create succeeded.
+        errno = storedErrno;
+    }
+#endif  // PTHREAD_CREATE_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ERROR("pthread_create failed, error is %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+        palError = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+       
+    //
+    // Wait for the new thread to finish its initial startup tasks
+    // (i.e., the ones that might fail)
+    //
+    if (pNewThread->WaitForStartStatus())
+    {
+        //
+        // Everything succeeded. Store the handle for the new thread and
+        // the thread's ID in the out params
+        //
+        *phThread = hNewThread;
+        
+        if (NULL != lpThreadId)
+        {
+            *lpThreadId = pNewThread->GetThreadId();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ERROR("error occurred in THREADEntry, thread creation failed.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // If we're here, then we've locked the process list and both pthread_create
+    // and WaitForStartStatus succeeded. Thus, we can now unlock the process list.
+    // Since palError == NO_ERROR, we won't call this again in the exit block.
+    //
+    PROCProcessUnlock();
+    fHoldingProcessLock = FALSE;
+
+EXIT:
+
+    if (fAttributesInitialized)
+    {
+        if (0 != pthread_attr_destroy(&pthreadAttr))
+        {
+            WARN("pthread_attr_destroy() failed\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        //
+        // We either were not able to create the new thread, or a failure
+        // occurred in the new thread's entry routine. Free up the associated
+        // resources here
+        //
+
+        if (fThreadDataAddedToProcessList)
+        {
+            PROCRemoveThread(pThread, pNewThread);
+        }
+        // 
+        // Once we remove the thread from the process list, we can call
+        // PROCProcessUnlock.
+        //
+        if (fHoldingProcessLock)
+        {
+            PROCProcessUnlock();
+        }
+        fHoldingProcessLock = FALSE;
+    }
+
+    _ASSERT_MSG(!fHoldingProcessLock, "Exiting InternalCreateThread while still holding the process critical section.\n");
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ExitThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+PAL_NORETURN
+VOID
+PALAPI
+ExitThread(
+       IN DWORD dwExitCode)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+      
+    ENTRY("ExitThread(dwExitCode=%u)\n", dwExitCode);
+    PERF_ENTRY_ONLY(ExitThread);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* store the exit code */
+    pThread->SetExitCode(dwExitCode);
+
+    /* pthread_exit runs TLS destructors and cleanup routines,
+       possibly registered by foreign code.  The right thing
+       to do here is to leave the PAL.  Our own TLS destructor
+       re-enters us explicitly. */
+    PAL_Leave(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+
+    /* kill the thread (itself), resulting in a call to InternalEndCurrentThread */
+    pthread_exit(NULL);
+    
+    ASSERT("pthread_exit should not return!\n");
+    for (;;);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetExitCodeThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetExitCodeThread(
+           IN HANDLE hThread,
+           IN LPDWORD lpExitCode)
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    BOOL fExitCodeSet;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetExitCodeThread);
+    ENTRY("GetExitCodeThread(hThread = %p, lpExitCode = %p)\n",
+          hThread, lpExitCode);
+
+    if (NULL == lpExitCode)
+    {
+        WARN("Got NULL lpExitCode\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto done;
+    }
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pthrCurrent,
+        hThread,
+        0,
+        &pthrTarget,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    pthrTarget->Lock(pthrCurrent);
+
+    fExitCodeSet = pthrTarget->GetExitCode(lpExitCode);
+    if (!fExitCodeSet)
+    {
+        if (TS_DONE == pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.GetThreadState())
+        {
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+            // The thread exited without ever calling ExitThread.
+            // It must have wandered in.
+            *lpExitCode = 0;
+#else // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+            ASSERT("exit code not set but thread is dead\n");
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *lpExitCode = STILL_ACTIVE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    pthrTarget->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+
+done:
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pthrCurrent);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetExitCodeThread returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetExitCodeThread);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalEndCurrentThread
+
+Does any necessary memory clean up, signals waiting threads, and then forces
+the current thread to exit.
+--*/
+
+VOID
+CorUnix::InternalEndCurrentThread(
+    CPalThread *pThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    ISynchStateController *pSynchStateController = NULL;
+    
+#ifdef PAL_PERF
+    PERFDisableThreadProfile(UserCreatedThread != pThread->GetThreadType());
+#endif
+
+    //
+    // Abandon any objects owned by this thread
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pSynchronizationManager->AbandonObjectsOwnedByThread(
+        pThread,
+        pThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ERROR("Failure abandoning owned objects");
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Need to synchronize setting the thread state to TS_DONE since 
+    // this is checked for in InternalSuspendThreadFromData.
+    // TODO: Is this still needed after removing InternalSuspendThreadFromData?
+    //
+
+    pThread->suspensionInfo.AcquireSuspensionLock(pThread);
+    IncrementEndingThreadCount();
+    pThread->synchronizationInfo.SetThreadState(TS_DONE);
+    pThread->suspensionInfo.ReleaseSuspensionLock(pThread);
+
+    //
+    // Mark the thread object as signaled
+    //
+
+    palError = pThread->GetThreadObject()->GetSynchStateController(
+        pThread,
+        &pSynchStateController
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        palError = pSynchStateController->SetSignalCount(1);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Unable to mark thread object as signaled");
+        }
+
+        pSynchStateController->ReleaseController();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to obtain state controller for thread");
+    }
+
+#ifndef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    // If this is the last thread then delete the process' data,
+    // but don't exit because the application hosting the PAL
+    // might have its own threads.
+    if (PROCGetNumberOfThreads() == 1)
+    {
+        TRACE("Last thread is exiting\n");
+        DecrementEndingThreadCount();
+        TerminateCurrentProcessNoExit(FALSE);
+    }
+    else
+#endif // !FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    {
+        /* Do this ONLY if we aren't the last thread -> otherwise
+           it gets done by TerminateProcess->
+           PROCCleanupProcess->PALShutdown->PAL_Terminate */
+
+        //
+        // Add a reference to the thread data before releasing the
+        // thread object, so we can still use it
+        //
+
+        pThread->AddThreadReference();
+
+        //
+        // Release the reference to the IPalObject for this thread
+        //
+
+        pThread->GetThreadObject()->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+
+        /* Remove thread for the thread list of the process 
+           (don't do if this is the last thread -> gets handled by
+            TerminateProcess->PROCCleanupProcess->PROCTerminateOtherThreads) */
+        
+        PROCRemoveThread(pThread, pThread);
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        // Ensure that EH is disabled on the current thread
+        SEHDisable(pThread);
+        PAL_Leave(PAL_BoundaryTop);
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+        
+        
+        //
+        // Now release our reference to the thread data. We cannot touch
+        // it after this point
+        //
+
+        pThread->ReleaseThreadReference();
+        DecrementEndingThreadCount();
+        
+    }
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadPriority
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+int
+PALAPI
+GetThreadPriority(
+          IN HANDLE hThread)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    int iPriority = THREAD_PRIORITY_ERROR_RETURN;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetThreadPriority);
+    ENTRY("GetThreadPriority(hThread=%p)\n", hThread);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadPriority(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        &iPriority
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("GetThreadPriorityExit returns int %d\n", iPriority);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetThreadPriority);
+    
+    return iPriority;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalGetThreadPriority(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hThread,
+    int *piPriority
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0,  // THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalGetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+    
+    pTargetThread->Lock(pThread);
+
+    *piPriority = pTargetThread->GetThreadPriority();
+
+    pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+
+InternalGetThreadPriorityExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  SetThreadPriority
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+SetThreadPriority(
+          IN HANDLE hThread,
+          IN int nPriority)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(SetThreadPriority);
+    ENTRY("SetThreadPriority(hThread=%p, nPriority=%#x)\n", hThread, nPriority);
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalSetThreadPriority(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        nPriority
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("SetThreadPriority returns BOOL %d\n", NO_ERROR == palError);
+    PERF_EXIT(SetThreadPriority);
+    
+    return NO_ERROR == palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalSetThreadPriority(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hTargetThread,
+    int iNewPriority
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    
+    int policy;
+    struct sched_param schedParam;
+    int max_priority;
+    int min_priority;
+    float posix_priority;
+
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hTargetThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SET_INFORMATION
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+
+    pTargetThread->Lock(pThread);
+
+    /* validate the requested priority */
+    switch (iNewPriority)
+    {
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL: /* fall through */
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE:
+        break;
+
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST:       /* fall through */
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL:  /* fall through */
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL:        /* fall through */
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL:  /* fall through */
+    case THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST:        
+#if PAL_IGNORE_NORMAL_THREAD_PRIORITY
+        /* We aren't going to set the thread priority. Just record what it is,
+           and exit */
+        pTargetThread->m_iThreadPriority = iNewPriority;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;        
+#endif
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        ASSERT("Priority %d not supported\n", iNewPriority);
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }  
+
+    /* check if the thread is still running */
+    if (TS_DONE == pTargetThread->synchronizationInfo.GetThreadState())
+    {
+        /* the thread has exited, set the priority in the thread structure 
+           and exit */
+        pTargetThread->m_iThreadPriority = iNewPriority;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;        
+    }
+
+    /* get the previous thread schedule parameters.  We need to know the 
+       scheduling policy to determine the priority range */
+    if (pthread_getschedparam(
+            pTargetThread->GetPThreadSelf(),
+            &policy, 
+            &schedParam
+            ) != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get current thread scheduling information\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+
+#if !HAVE_SCHED_OTHER_ASSIGNABLE
+    /* Defining thread priority for SCHED_OTHER is implementation defined.
+       Some platforms like NetBSD cannot reassign it as they are dynamic.
+    */
+    if (policy == SCHED_OTHER)
+    {
+        TRACE("Pthread priority levels for SCHED_OTHER cannot be reassigned on this platform\n");
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SCHED_GET_PRIORITY
+    max_priority = sched_get_priority_max(policy);
+    min_priority = sched_get_priority_min(policy);
+    if( -1 == max_priority || -1 == min_priority)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sched_get_priority_min/max failed; error is %d (%s)\n", 
+               errno, strerror(errno));
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+#else
+    max_priority = PAL_THREAD_PRIORITY_MAX;
+    min_priority = PAL_THREAD_PRIORITY_MIN;
+#endif
+
+    TRACE("Pthread priorities for policy %d must be in the range %d to %d\n", 
+          policy, min_priority, max_priority);
+
+    /* explanation for fancy maths below :
+       POSIX doesn't specify the range of thread priorities that can be used 
+       with pthread_setschedparam. Instead, one must use sched_get_priority_min
+       and sched_get_priority_max to obtain the lower and upper bounds of this
+       range. Since the PAL also uses a range of values (from Idle [-15] to 
+       Time Critical [+15]), we have to do a mapping from a known range to an 
+       unknown (at compilation) range. 
+       We do this by :
+       -substracting the minimal PAL priority from the desired priority. this 
+        gives a value between 0 and the PAL priority range
+       -dividing this value by the PAL priority range. this allows us to 
+        express the desired priority as a floating-point value between 0 and 1
+       -multiplying this value by the PTHREAD priority range. This gives a 
+        value between 0 and the PTHREAD priority range
+       -adding the minimal PTHREAD priority range. This will give us a value 
+        between the minimal and maximla pthread priority, which should be 
+        equivalent to the original PAL value. 
+        
+        example : suppose a pthread range 100 to 200, and a desired priority 
+                  of 0 (halfway between PAL minimum and maximum)
+            0 - (IDLE [-15]) = 15
+            15 / (TIMECRITICAL[15] - IDLE[-15]) = 0.5
+            0.5 * (pthreadmax[200]-pthreadmin[100]) = 50
+            50 + pthreadmin[100] = 150 -> halfway between pthread min and max
+    */
+    posix_priority =  (iNewPriority - THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE);
+    posix_priority /= (THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL - THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE);
+    posix_priority *= (max_priority-min_priority);
+    posix_priority += min_priority;
+
+    schedParam.sched_priority = (int)posix_priority;
+    
+    TRACE("PAL priority %d is mapped to pthread priority %d\n",
+          iNewPriority, schedParam.sched_priority);
+
+    /* Finally, set the new priority into place */
+    if (pthread_setschedparam(
+            pTargetThread->GetPThreadSelf(),
+            policy,
+            &schedParam
+            ) != 0)
+    {
+#if SET_SCHEDPARAM_NEEDS_PRIVS
+        if (EPERM == errno)
+        {
+            // UNIXTODO: Should log a warning to the event log
+            TRACE("Caller does not have OS privileges to call pthread_setschedparam\n");
+            pTargetThread->m_iThreadPriority = iNewPriority;
+            goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+        }
+#endif
+        
+        ASSERT("Unable to set thread priority (errno %d)\n", errno);
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+        goto InternalSetThreadPriorityExit;
+    }
+    
+    pTargetThread->m_iThreadPriority = iNewPriority;
+
+InternalSetThreadPriorityExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pTargetThread)
+    {
+        pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;    
+}
+
+BOOL
+CorUnix::GetThreadTimesInternal(
+    IN HANDLE hThread,
+    OUT LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
+    OUT LPFILETIME lpUserTime)
+{
+    __int64 calcTime;
+    BOOL retval = FALSE;
+    const __int64 SECS_TO_NS = 1000000000; /* 10^9 */
+    const __int64 USECS_TO_NS = 1000;      /* 10^3 */
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+    thread_basic_info resUsage;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthrCurrent = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    mach_msg_type_number_t resUsage_count = THREAD_BASIC_INFO_COUNT;
+
+    pthrCurrent = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pthrCurrent,
+        hThread,
+        0,
+        &pthrTarget,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+    
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get thread data from handle %p"
+              "thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }   
+
+    pthrTarget->Lock(pthrCurrent);
+    
+    mach_port_t mhThread;
+    mhThread = pthread_mach_thread_np(pthrTarget->GetPThreadSelf());
+    
+    kern_return_t status;
+    status = thread_info(
+        mhThread, 
+        THREAD_BASIC_INFO, 
+        (thread_info_t)&resUsage, 
+        &resUsage_count);
+
+    pthrTarget->Unlock(pthrCurrent);
+
+    if (status != KERN_SUCCESS)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get resource usage information for the current "
+              "thread\n");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    /* Get the time of user mode execution, in nanoseconds */
+    calcTime = (__int64)resUsage.user_time.seconds * SECS_TO_NS;
+    calcTime += (__int64)resUsage.user_time.microseconds * USECS_TO_NS;
+    /* Assign the time into lpUserTime */
+    lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+    lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+
+    /* Get the time of kernel mode execution, in nanoseconds */
+    calcTime = (__int64)resUsage.system_time.seconds * SECS_TO_NS;
+    calcTime += (__int64)resUsage.system_time.microseconds * USECS_TO_NS;
+    /* Assign the time into lpKernelTime */
+    lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+    lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+
+    retval = TRUE;
+
+    goto GetThreadTimesInternalExit;
+
+#elif defined(__NetBSD__) && !HAVE_PTHREAD_GETCPUCLOCKID /* Currently unimplemented */
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    kvm_t *kd;
+    int cnt, nlwps;
+    struct kinfo_lwp *klwp;
+    int i;
+    bool found = false;
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_GET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get thread data from handle %p"
+              "thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    kd = kvm_open(NULL, NULL, NULL, KVM_NO_FILES, "kvm_open");
+    if (kd == NULL)
+    {
+        ASSERT("kvm_open(3) error");
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    pTargetThread->Lock(pThread);
+
+    klwp = kvm_getlwps(kd, getpid(), 0, sizeof(struct kinfo_lwp), &nlwps);
+    if (klwp == NULL || nlwps < 1)
+    {
+        kvm_close(kd);
+        ASSERT("Unable to get clock from %p thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < nlwps; i++)
+    {
+        if (klwp[i].l_lid == THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId())
+        {
+            found = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!found)
+    {
+        kvm_close(kd);
+        ASSERT("Unable to get clock from %p thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+
+    kvm_close(kd);
+
+    calcTime = (__int64) klwp[i].l_rtime_sec * SECS_TO_NS;
+    calcTime += (__int64) klwp[i].l_rtime_usec * USECS_TO_NS;
+    lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+    lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+
+    /* NetBSD as of (7.0) doesn't differentiate used time in user/kernel for lwp */
+    lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+    lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+
+    retval = TRUE;
+    goto GetThreadTimesInternalExit;
+
+#else //HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    clockid_t cid;
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pThread,
+        hThread,
+        0, // THREAD_GET_CONTEXT
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+    if (palError != NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get thread data from handle %p"
+              "thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }   
+
+    pTargetThread->Lock(pThread);
+
+#if HAVE_PTHREAD_GETCPUCLOCKID
+    if (pthread_getcpuclockid(pTargetThread->GetPThreadSelf(), &cid) != 0)
+#endif
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to get clock from thread\n", hThread);
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    struct timespec ts;
+    if (clock_gettime(cid, &ts) != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("clock_gettime() failed; errno is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR);
+        pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+        goto SetTimesToZero;
+    }
+
+    pTargetThread->Unlock(pThread);
+
+    /* Calculate time in nanoseconds and assign to user time */
+    calcTime = (__int64) ts.tv_sec * SECS_TO_NS;
+    calcTime += (__int64) ts.tv_nsec;
+    lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+    lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+    
+    /* Set kernel time to zero, for now */
+    lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+    lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+
+    retval = TRUE;
+    goto GetThreadTimesInternalExit;
+
+#endif //HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+
+SetTimesToZero:
+    
+    lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+    lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+    lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+    lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+    goto GetThreadTimesInternalExit;
+
+GetThreadTimesInternalExit:
+    return retval;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  GetThreadTimes
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+GetThreadTimes(
+        IN HANDLE hThread,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpCreationTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpExitTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpKernelTime,
+        OUT LPFILETIME lpUserTime)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(GetThreadTimes);
+    ENTRY("GetThreadTimes(hThread=%p, lpExitTime=%p, lpKernelTime=%p,"
+          "lpUserTime=%p)\n",
+          hThread, lpCreationTime, lpExitTime, lpKernelTime, lpUserTime );
+
+    FILETIME KernelTime, UserTime;
+
+    BOOL retval = GetThreadTimesInternal(hThread, &KernelTime, &UserTime);
+
+    /* Not sure if this still needs to be here */
+    /*
+    TRACE ("thread_info User: %ld sec,%ld microsec. Kernel: %ld sec,%ld"
+           " microsec\n",
+           resUsage.user_time.seconds, resUsage.user_time.microseconds,
+           resUsage.system_time.seconds, resUsage.system_time.microseconds);
+    */
+
+    __int64 calcTime;
+    if (lpUserTime)
+    {
+        /* Produce the time in 100s of ns */
+        calcTime = ((ULONG64)UserTime.dwHighDateTime << 32);
+        calcTime += (ULONG64)UserTime.dwLowDateTime;
+        calcTime /= 100;
+        lpUserTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+        lpUserTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+    }
+    if (lpKernelTime)
+    {
+        /* Produce the time in 100s of ns */
+        calcTime = ((ULONG64)KernelTime.dwHighDateTime << 32);
+        calcTime += (ULONG64)KernelTime.dwLowDateTime;
+        calcTime /= 100;
+        lpKernelTime->dwLowDateTime = (DWORD)calcTime;
+        lpKernelTime->dwHighDateTime = (DWORD)(calcTime >> 32);
+    }
+    //Set CreationTime and Exit time to zero for now - maybe change this later?
+    if (lpCreationTime)
+    {
+        lpCreationTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+        lpCreationTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+    }
+    
+    if (lpExitTime)
+    {
+        lpExitTime->dwLowDateTime = 0;
+        lpExitTime->dwHighDateTime = 0;
+    }
+    
+    LOGEXIT("GetThreadTimes returns BOOL %d\n", retval);
+    PERF_EXIT(GetThreadTimes);
+    return (retval);
+}
+
+
+
+void *
+CPalThread::ThreadEntry(
+    void *pvParam
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    PTHREAD_START_ROUTINE pfnStartRoutine;
+    LPVOID pvPar;
+    DWORD retValue;
+
+    pThread = reinterpret_cast<CPalThread*>(pvParam);
+
+    if (NULL == pThread)
+    {
+        ASSERT("THREAD pointer is NULL!\n");
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+#if defined(FEATURE_PAL_SXS) && defined(_DEBUG)
+    // We cannot assert yet, as we haven't set in this thread into the TLS, and so __ASSERT_ENTER
+    // will fail if the assert fails and we'll crash.
+    //_ASSERT_MSG(pThread->m_fInPal == 1, "New threads should always be in the PAL upon ThreadEntry.\n");
+    if (g_Dbg_asserts_enabled && pThread->m_fInPal != 1)
+        DebugBreak();
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS && _DEBUG
+
+    pThread->m_threadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+    pThread->m_pthreadSelf = pthread_self();
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+    pThread->m_machPortSelf = pthread_mach_thread_np(pThread->m_pthreadSelf);
+#endif
+#if HAVE_THREAD_SELF
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = (DWORD) thread_self();
+#elif HAVE__LWP_SELF
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = (DWORD) _lwp_self();
+#else
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = 0;
+#endif
+
+    palError = pThread->RunPostCreateInitializers();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Error %i initializing thread data (post creation)\n", palError);
+        goto fail;
+    }
+
+    // Check if the thread should be started suspended.
+    if (pThread->GetCreateSuspended())
+    {
+        palError = pThread->suspensionInfo.InternalSuspendNewThreadFromData(pThread);
+        if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("Error %i attempting to suspend new thread\n", palError);
+            goto fail;
+        }
+
+        //
+        // We need to run any APCs that have already been queued for
+        // this thread.
+        //
+
+        (void) g_pSynchronizationManager->DispatchPendingAPCs(pThread);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        //
+        // All startup operations that might have failed have succeeded,
+        // so thread creation is successful. Let CreateThread return.
+        //
+
+        pThread->SetStartStatus(TRUE);
+    }
+
+    pThread->synchronizationInfo.SetThreadState(TS_RUNNING);
+
+    if (UserCreatedThread == pThread->GetThreadType())
+    {
+        /* Inform all loaded modules that a thread has been created */
+        /* note : no need to take a critical section to serialize here; the loader 
+           will take the module critical section */
+        LOADCallDllMain(DLL_THREAD_ATTACH, NULL);
+    }
+
+#ifdef PAL_PERF
+    PERFAllocThreadInfo();
+    PERFEnableThreadProfile(UserCreatedThread != pThread->GetThreadType());
+#endif
+
+    /* call the startup routine */
+    pfnStartRoutine = pThread->GetStartAddress();
+    pvPar = pThread->GetStartParameter();
+
+    retValue = (*pfnStartRoutine)(pvPar);
+
+    TRACE("Thread exited (%u)\n", retValue);
+    ExitThread(retValue);
+
+    /* Note: never get here */ 
+    ASSERT("ExitThread failed!\n");
+    for (;;);
+
+fail:
+
+    //
+    // Notify InternalCreateThread that a failure occurred
+    //
+    
+    if (NULL != pThread)
+    {
+        pThread->synchronizationInfo.SetThreadState(TS_FAILED);
+        pThread->SetStartStatus(FALSE);
+    }
+
+    /* do not call ExitThread : we don't want to call DllMain(), and the thread 
+       isn't in a clean state (e.g. lpThread isn't in TLS). the cleanup work 
+       above should release all resources */
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+
+#define PAL_THREAD_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE "PAL_THREAD_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE"
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InitializeGlobalThreadData(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    char *pszStackSize = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Read in the environment to see whether we need to change the default
+    // thread stack size.
+    //
+    pszStackSize = EnvironGetenv(PAL_THREAD_DEFAULT_STACK_SIZE);
+    if (NULL != pszStackSize)
+    {
+        // Environment variable exists
+        char *pszEnd;
+        DWORD dw = PAL_strtoul(pszStackSize, &pszEnd, 16); // treat it as hex
+        if ( (pszStackSize != pszEnd) && (0 != dw) )
+        {
+            CPalThread::s_dwDefaultThreadStackSize = dw;
+        }
+
+        free(pszStackSize);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    CreateThreadData
+
+Abstract:
+    Create the CPalThread for the startup thread
+    or another external thread entering the PAL
+    for the first time
+  
+Parameters:
+    ppThread - on success, receives the CPalThread
+
+Return:
+   PAL_ERROR
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::CreateThreadData(
+    CPalThread **ppThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pThread = NULL;
+    
+    /* Create the thread object */
+    pThread = AllocTHREAD();
+
+    if (NULL == pThread)
+    {
+       palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+       goto CreateThreadDataExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pThread->RunPreCreateInitializers();
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateThreadDataExit;
+    }
+
+    pThread->SetLastError(0);
+
+    pThread->m_threadId = THREADSilentGetCurrentThreadId();
+    pThread->m_pthreadSelf = pthread_self();
+#if HAVE_MACH_THREADS
+    pThread->m_machPortSelf = pthread_mach_thread_np(pThread->m_pthreadSelf);
+#endif
+#if HAVE_THREAD_SELF
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = (DWORD) thread_self();
+#elif HAVE__LWP_SELF
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = (DWORD) _lwp_self();
+#else
+    pThread->m_dwLwpId = 0;
+#endif
+
+    palError = pThread->RunPostCreateInitializers();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateThreadDataExit;
+    }
+
+    *ppThread = pThread;
+    
+CreateThreadDataExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (NULL != pThread)
+        {
+            pThread->ReleaseThreadReference();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    CreateThreadData
+
+Abstract:
+    Creates the IPalObject for a thread, storing
+    the reference in the CPalThread
+  
+Parameters:
+    pThread - the thread data for the creating thread
+    pNewThread - the thread data for the thread being initialized
+
+Return:
+   PAL_ERROR
+--*/
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::CreateThreadObject(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    CPalThread *pNewThread,
+    HANDLE *phThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+    HANDLE hThread = NULL;
+    CThreadProcessLocalData *pLocalData = NULL;
+    CObjectAttributes oa;
+    BOOL fThreadDataStoredInObject = FALSE;
+    IPalObject *pobjRegisteredThread = NULL;
+
+    //
+    // Create the IPalObject for the thread
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otThread,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateThreadObjectExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Store the CPalThread inside of the IPalObject
+    //
+
+    palError = pobjThread->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock, 
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateThreadObjectExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->pThread = pNewThread;
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    fThreadDataStoredInObject = TRUE;
+
+    //
+    // Register the IPalObject (obtaining a handle)
+    //
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjThread,
+        &aotThread,
+        0, //THREAD_ALL_ACCESS,
+        &hThread,
+        &pobjRegisteredThread
+        );
+        
+    //
+    // pobjThread is invalidated by the call to RegisterObject, so NULL
+    // it out here to prevent it from being released
+    //
+
+    pobjThread = NULL;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto CreateThreadObjectExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Store the registered object inside of the thread object,
+    // adding a reference for the thread itself
+    //
+
+    pNewThread->m_pThreadObject = pobjRegisteredThread;
+    pNewThread->m_pThreadObject->AddReference();
+
+    *phThread = hThread;
+
+CreateThreadObjectExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        if (NULL != hThread)
+        {
+            g_pObjectManager->RevokeHandle(pThread, hThread);
+        }
+
+        if (NULL != pNewThread->m_pThreadObject)
+        {
+            //
+            // Release the new thread's reference on the underlying thread
+            // object
+            //
+
+            pNewThread->m_pThreadObject->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+        }
+
+        if (!fThreadDataStoredInObject)
+        {
+            //
+            // The CPalThread for the new thread was never stored in 
+            // an IPalObject instance, so we need to release the initial
+            // reference here. (If it has been stored it will get freed in
+            // the owning object's cleanup routine)
+            //
+
+            pNewThread->ReleaseThreadReference();            
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjRegisteredThread)
+    {
+        pobjRegisteredThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalCreateDummyThread(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,
+    CPalThread **ppDummyThread,
+    HANDLE *phThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pDummyThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThreadRegistered = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock;
+    CThreadProcessLocalData *pLocalData;
+    CObjectAttributes oa(NULL, lpThreadAttributes);
+    bool fThreadDataStoredInObject = FALSE;
+
+    pDummyThread = AllocTHREAD();
+    if (NULL == pDummyThread)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+        goto InternalCreateDummyThreadExit;
+    }
+
+    pDummyThread->m_fIsDummy = TRUE;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->AllocateObject(
+        pThread,
+        &otThread,
+        &oa,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateDummyThreadExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = pobjThread->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock,
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pLocalData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateDummyThreadExit;
+    }
+
+    pLocalData->pThread = pDummyThread;
+    pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+    fThreadDataStoredInObject = TRUE;
+
+    palError = g_pObjectManager->RegisterObject(
+        pThread,
+        pobjThread,
+        &aotThread,
+        0, // THREAD_ALL_ACCESS
+        phThread,
+        &pobjThreadRegistered
+        );
+
+    //
+    // pobjThread is invalidated by the above call, so NULL
+    // it out here
+    //
+    
+    pobjThread = NULL;
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto InternalCreateDummyThreadExit;
+    }
+
+    //
+    // Note the we do NOT store the registered object for the
+    // thread w/in pDummyThread. Since this thread is not actually
+    // executing that reference would never be released (and thus
+    // the thread object would never be cleaned up...)
+    //
+
+    *ppDummyThread = pDummyThread;
+
+InternalCreateDummyThreadExit:
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThreadRegistered)
+    {
+        pobjThreadRegistered->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+    }
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError
+        && NULL != pDummyThread
+        && !fThreadDataStoredInObject)
+    {
+        pDummyThread->ReleaseThreadReference();
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    HANDLE hThread,
+    DWORD dwRightsRequired,
+    CPalThread **ppTargetThread,
+    IPalObject **ppobjThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    IPalObject *pobj;
+    IDataLock *pLock;
+    CThreadProcessLocalData *pData;
+
+    *ppobjThread = NULL;
+
+    if (hPseudoCurrentThread == hThread)
+    {
+        *ppTargetThread = pThread;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        palError = g_pObjectManager->ReferenceObjectByHandle(
+            pThread,
+            hThread,
+            &aotThread,
+            dwRightsRequired,
+            &pobj
+            );
+
+        if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+        {
+            palError = pobj->GetProcessLocalData(
+                pThread,
+                ReadLock,
+                &pLock,
+                reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pData)
+                );
+
+            if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+            {
+                *ppTargetThread = pData->pThread;
+                pLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, FALSE);
+
+                //
+                // Transfer object reference to out param
+                //
+
+                *ppobjThread = pobj;                
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                pobj->ReleaseReference(pThread);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalThread::RunPreCreateInitializers(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    int iError;
+
+    //
+    // First, perform initialization of CPalThread private members
+    //
+
+    InternalInitializeCriticalSection(&m_csLock);
+    m_fLockInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_init(&m_startMutex, NULL);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_cond_init(&m_startCond, NULL);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_startMutex);
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    m_fStartItemsInitialized = TRUE;
+
+    //
+    // Call the pre-create initializers for embedded classes
+    //
+
+    palError = synchronizationInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = suspensionInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = sehInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = tlsInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = apcInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = crtInfo.InitializePreCreate();
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPreCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+RunPreCreateInitializersExit:
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+CPalThread::~CPalThread()
+{
+    // @UNIXTODO: This is our last chance to unlink our Mach exception handler from the pseudo-chain we're trying
+    // to maintain. Unfortunately we don't have enough data or control to do this at all well (and we can't
+    // guarantee that another component hasn't chained to us, about which we can do nothing). If the kernel or
+    // another component forwards an exception notification to us for this thread things will go badly (we'll
+    // terminate the process when trying to look up this CPalThread in order to find forwarding information).
+    // On the flip side I don't believe we'll get here currently unless the thread has been terminated (in
+    // which case it's not an issue). If we start supporting unload or early disposal of CPalThread objects
+    // (say when we return from an outer reverse p/invoke) then we'll need to revisit this. But hopefully by
+    // then we'll have an alternative design for handling hardware exceptions.
+
+    if (m_fLockInitialized)
+    {
+        InternalDeleteCriticalSection(&m_csLock);
+    }
+
+    if (m_fStartItemsInitialized)
+    {
+        int iError;
+        
+        iError = pthread_cond_destroy(&m_startCond);
+        _ASSERTE(0 == iError);
+        
+        iError = pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_startMutex);
+        _ASSERTE(0 == iError);
+    }
+}
+
+void
+CPalThread::AddThreadReference(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    InterlockedIncrement(&m_lRefCount);
+}
+
+void
+CPalThread::ReleaseThreadReference(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    LONG lRefCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_lRefCount);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(lRefCount >= 0, "Released a thread and ended with a negative refcount (%ld)\n", lRefCount);
+    if (0 == lRefCount)
+    {
+        FreeTHREAD(this);
+    }
+    
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CPalThread::RunPostCreateInitializers(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    //
+    // Call the post-create initializers for embedded classes
+    //
+
+    palError = synchronizationInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = suspensionInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = sehInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = tlsInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = apcInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = crtInfo.InitializePostCreate(this, m_threadId, m_dwLwpId);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+
+#ifdef FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+    _ASSERTE(m_fInPal);
+    palError = SEHEnable(this);
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        goto RunPostCreateInitializersExit;
+    }
+#endif // FEATURE_PAL_SXS
+
+RunPostCreateInitializersExit:
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+void
+CPalThread::SetStartStatus(
+    bool fStartSucceeded
+    )
+{
+    int iError;
+
+#if _DEBUG
+    if (m_fStartStatusSet)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Multiple calls to CPalThread::SetStartStatus\n");
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //
+    // This routine may get called from CPalThread::ThreadEntry
+    //
+    // If we've reached this point there are no further thread 
+    // suspensions that happen at creation time, so reset
+    // m_bCreateSuspended
+    //
+
+    m_bCreateSuspended = FALSE;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_startMutex);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+        // bugcheck?
+    }
+
+    m_fStartStatus = fStartSucceeded;
+    m_fStartStatusSet = TRUE;
+
+    iError = pthread_cond_signal(&m_startCond);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+        // bugcheck?
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_startMutex);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+        // bugcheck?
+    }
+}
+
+bool
+CPalThread::WaitForStartStatus(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    int iError;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_startMutex);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+        // bugcheck?
+    }
+
+    while (!m_fStartStatusSet)
+    {
+        iError = pthread_cond_wait(&m_startCond, &m_startMutex);
+        if (0 != iError)
+        {
+            ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+            // bugcheck?
+        }
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_startMutex);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread primitive failure\n");
+        // bugcheck?
+    }
+
+    return m_fStartStatus;
+}
+
+/* IncrementEndingThreadCount and DecrementEndingThreadCount are used
+to control a global counter that indicates if any threads are about to die.
+Once a thread's state is set to TS_DONE, it cannot be suspended. However,
+the dying thread can still access PAL resources, which is dangerous if the
+thread dies during PAL cleanup. To avoid this, the shutdown thread calls
+WaitForEndingThreads after suspending all other threads. WaitForEndingThreads 
+uses a condition variable along with the global counter to wait for remaining 
+PAL threads to die before proceeding with cleanup. As threads die, they 
+decrement the counter and signal the condition variable. */
+
+void 
+IncrementEndingThreadCount(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    int iError;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_lock returned %d\n", iError);
+
+    iEndingThreads++;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d\n", iError);
+}
+
+void 
+DecrementEndingThreadCount(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    int iError;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_lock returned %d\n", iError);
+
+    iEndingThreads--;
+    _ASSERTE(iEndingThreads >= 0);
+
+    if (iEndingThreads == 0)
+    {
+        iError = pthread_cond_signal(&ptcEndThread);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_cond_signal returned %d\n", iError);
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d\n", iError);
+}
+
+void 
+WaitForEndingThreads(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    int iError;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_lock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_lock returned %d\n", iError);
+
+    while (iEndingThreads > 0)
+    {
+        iError = pthread_cond_wait(&ptcEndThread, &ptmEndThread);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_cond_wait returned %d\n", iError);  
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_unlock(&ptmEndThread);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iError == 0, "pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d\n", iError);
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InitializeEndingThreadsData(
+    void
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    int iError;
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_init(&ptmEndThread, NULL);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        goto InitializeEndingThreadsDataExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_cond_init(&ptcEndThread, NULL);
+    if (0 != iError)
+    {
+        //
+        // Don't bother checking the return value of pthread_mutex_destroy
+        // since PAL initialization will now fail.
+        //
+        
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&ptmEndThread);
+        goto InitializeEndingThreadsDataExit;
+    }
+
+    palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+InitializeEndingThreadsDataExit:
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+void
+ThreadCleanupRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    IPalObject *pObjectToCleanup,
+    bool fShutdown,
+    bool fCleanupSharedState
+    )
+{
+    CThreadProcessLocalData *pThreadData = NULL;
+    CPalThread *pThreadToCleanup = NULL;
+    IDataLock *pDataLock = NULL;
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+        
+    //
+    // Free the CPalThread data for the passed in thread
+    //
+
+    palError = pObjectToCleanup->GetProcessLocalData(
+        pThread,
+        WriteLock, 
+        &pDataLock,
+        reinterpret_cast<void**>(&pThreadData)
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        //
+        // Note that we may be cleaning up the data for the calling
+        // thread (i.e., pThread == pThreadToCleanup), so the release
+        // of the thread reference needs to be the last thing that
+        // we do (though in that case it's very likely that the person
+        // calling us will be holding an extra reference to allow
+        // for the thread data to be available while the rest of the
+        // object cleanup takes place).
+        //
+        
+        pThreadToCleanup = pThreadData->pThread;
+        pThreadData->pThread = NULL;
+        pDataLock->ReleaseLock(pThread, TRUE);
+        pThreadToCleanup->ReleaseThreadReference();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to obtain thread data");
+    }
+    
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+ThreadInitializationRoutine(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    CObjectType *pObjectType,
+    void *pImmutableData,
+    void *pSharedData,
+    void *pProcessLocalData
+    )
+{
+    return NO_ERROR;
+}
+
+// Get base address of the current thread's stack
+void *
+CPalThread::GetStackBase()
+{
+    void* stackBase;
+#ifdef _TARGET_MAC64
+    // This is a Mac specific method
+    stackBase = pthread_get_stackaddr_np(pthread_self());
+#else
+    pthread_attr_t attr;
+    void* stackAddr;
+    size_t stackSize;
+    int status;
+
+    pthread_t thread = pthread_self();
+
+    status = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_init call failed");
+
+#if HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_GET_NP
+    status = pthread_attr_get_np(thread, &attr);
+#elif HAVE_PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP
+    status = pthread_getattr_np(thread, &attr);
+#else
+#error Dont know how to get thread attributes on this platform!
+#endif
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_getattr_np call failed");
+
+    status = pthread_attr_getstack(&attr, &stackAddr, &stackSize);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_getstack call failed");
+
+    status = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_destroy call failed");
+
+    stackBase = (void*)((size_t)stackAddr + stackSize);
+#endif
+
+    return stackBase;
+}
+
+// Get limit address of the current thread's stack
+void *
+CPalThread::GetStackLimit()
+{
+    void* stackLimit;
+#ifdef _TARGET_MAC64
+    // This is a Mac specific method
+    stackLimit = ((BYTE *)pthread_get_stackaddr_np(pthread_self()) -
+                   pthread_get_stacksize_np(pthread_self()));
+#else
+    pthread_attr_t attr;
+    size_t stackSize;
+    int status;
+
+    pthread_t thread = pthread_self();
+
+    status = pthread_attr_init(&attr);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_init call failed");
+
+#if HAVE_PTHREAD_ATTR_GET_NP
+    status = pthread_attr_get_np(thread, &attr);
+#elif HAVE_PTHREAD_GETATTR_NP
+    status = pthread_getattr_np(thread, &attr);
+#else
+#error Dont know how to get thread attributes on this platform!
+#endif
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_getattr_np call failed");
+
+    status = pthread_attr_getstack(&attr, &stackLimit, &stackSize);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_getstack call failed");
+
+    status = pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
+    _ASSERT_MSG(status == 0, "pthread_attr_destroy call failed");
+#endif
+
+    return stackLimit;
+}
+
+// Get cached base address of this thread's stack
+// Can be called only for the current thread.
+void *
+CPalThread::GetCachedStackBase()
+{
+    _ASSERT_MSG(this == InternalGetCurrentThread(), "CPalThread::GetStackBase called from foreign thread");
+
+    if (m_stackBase == NULL)
+    {
+        m_stackBase = GetStackBase();
+    }
+
+    return m_stackBase;
+}
+
+// Get cached limit address of this thread's stack.
+// Can be called only for the current thread.
+void *
+CPalThread::GetCachedStackLimit()
+{
+    _ASSERT_MSG(this == InternalGetCurrentThread(), "CPalThread::GetCachedStackLimit called from foreign thread");
+
+    if (m_stackLimit == NULL)
+    {
+        m_stackLimit = GetStackLimit();
+    }
+
+    return m_stackLimit;
+}
+
+void *
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetStackBase()
+{
+    CPalThread* thread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    return thread->GetCachedStackBase();
+}
+
+void *
+PALAPI
+PAL_GetStackLimit()
+{
+    CPalThread* thread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    return thread->GetCachedStackLimit();
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR InjectActivationInternal(CorUnix::CPalThread* pThread);
+
+/*++
+Function:
+    PAL_SetActivationFunction
+
+    Register an activation function that gets called when an activation is injected
+    into a thread.
+
+Parameters:
+    pActivationFunction - activation function
+    pSafeActivationCheckFunction - function to check if an activation can be safely
+                                   injected at a specified context
+Return value:
+    None
+--*/
+PALIMPORT
+VOID
+PALAPI
+PAL_SetActivationFunction(
+    IN PAL_ActivationFunction pActivationFunction,
+    IN PAL_SafeActivationCheckFunction pSafeActivationCheckFunction)
+{
+    g_activationFunction = pActivationFunction;
+    g_safeActivationCheckFunction = pSafeActivationCheckFunction;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+PAL_InjectActivation
+
+Interrupt the specified thread and have it call an activation function registered
+using the PAL_SetActivationFunction
+
+Parameters:
+hThread            - handle of the target thread
+
+Return:
+TRUE if it succeeded, FALSE otherwise.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+PAL_InjectActivation(
+    IN HANDLE hThread)
+{
+    PERF_ENTRY(PAL_InjectActivation);
+    ENTRY("PAL_InjectActivation(hThread=%p)\n", hThread);
+
+    CPalThread *pCurrentThread;
+    CPalThread *pTargetThread;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+
+    pCurrentThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    PAL_ERROR palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pCurrentThread,
+        hThread,
+        0,
+        &pTargetThread,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (palError == NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        palError = InjectActivationInternal(pTargetThread);
+    }
+
+    if (palError == NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        pCurrentThread->SetLastError(palError);
+    }
+
+    if (pobjThread != NULL)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pCurrentThread);
+    }
+
+    BOOL success = (palError == NO_ERROR);
+    LOGEXIT("PAL_InjectActivation returns:d\n", success);
+    PERF_EXIT(PAL_InjectActivation);
+
+    return success;
+}
+
+#if HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
+
+extern mach_port_t s_ExceptionPort;
+
+// Get handler details for a given type of exception. If successful the structure pointed at by pHandler is
+// filled in and true is returned. Otherwise false is returned.
+bool CorUnix::CThreadMachExceptionHandlers::GetHandler(exception_type_t eException, CorUnix::MachExceptionHandler *pHandler)
+{
+    exception_mask_t bmExceptionMask = (1 << eException);
+    int idxHandler = GetIndexOfHandler(bmExceptionMask);
+
+    // Did we find a handler?
+    if (idxHandler == -1)
+        return false;
+
+    // Found one, so initialize the output structure with the details.
+    pHandler->m_mask = m_masks[idxHandler];
+    pHandler->m_handler = m_handlers[idxHandler];
+    pHandler->m_behavior = m_behaviors[idxHandler];
+    pHandler->m_flavor = m_flavors[idxHandler];
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Look for a handler for the given exception within the given handler node. Return its index if successful or
+// -1 otherwise.
+int CorUnix::CThreadMachExceptionHandlers::GetIndexOfHandler(exception_mask_t bmExceptionMask)
+{
+    // Check all handler entries for one handling the exception mask.
+    for (mach_msg_type_number_t i = 0; i < m_nPorts; i++)
+    {
+        // Entry covers this exception type and the handler isn't null
+        if (m_masks[i] & bmExceptionMask && m_handlers[i] != MACH_PORT_NULL)
+        { 
+            _ASSERTE(m_handlers[i] != s_ExceptionPort);
+
+            // One more check; has the target handler port become dead?
+            mach_port_type_t ePortType;
+            if (mach_port_type(mach_task_self(), m_handlers[i], &ePortType) == KERN_SUCCESS && !(ePortType & MACH_PORT_TYPE_DEAD_NAME))
+            {
+                // Got a matching entry.
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Didn't find a handler.
+    return -1;
+}
+
+#endif // HAVE_MACH_EXCEPTIONS
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/threadsusp.cpp b/src/pal/src/thread/threadsusp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b31b88da59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/threadsusp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1046 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    threadsusp.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of functions related to threads.
+
+Revision History:
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/corunix.hpp"
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "pal/mutex.hpp"
+#include "pal/seh.hpp"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <debugmacrosext.h>
+
+#if defined(_AIX)
+// AIX requires explicit definition of the union semun (see semctl man page)
+union semun 
+{
+    int val;
+    struct semid_ds * buf;
+    unsigned short * array;
+};
+#endif 
+
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+/* ------------------- Definitions ------------------------------*/
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD);
+
+/* This code is written to the blocking pipe of a thread that was created
+   in suspended state in order to resume it. */
+CONST BYTE WAKEUPCODE=0x2A;
+
+// #define USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION // Uncomment this define to use the global suspension lock. 
+/* The global suspension lock can be used in place of each thread having its own
+suspension mutex or spinlock. The downside is that it restricts us to only
+performing one suspension or resumption in the PAL at a time. */
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+static LONG g_ssSuspensionLock = 0;
+#endif
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalSuspendNewThreadFromData
+
+  On platforms where we use pipes for starting threads suspended, this
+  function sets the blocking pipe for the thread and blocks until the
+  wakeup code is written to the pipe by ResumeThread.
+
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::InternalSuspendNewThreadFromData(
+    CPalThread *pThread
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    AcquireSuspensionLock(pThread);
+    pThread->suspensionInfo.SetSelfSusp(TRUE);
+    ReleaseSuspensionLock(pThread);
+
+    int pipe_descs[2];
+    if (pipe(pipe_descs) == -1)
+    {
+        ERROR("pipe() failed! error is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        return ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+    }
+
+    // [0] is the read end of the pipe, and [1] is the write end.
+    pThread->suspensionInfo.SetBlockingPipe(pipe_descs[1]);
+    pThread->SetStartStatus(TRUE);
+
+    BYTE resume_code = 0;
+    ssize_t read_ret;
+    
+    // Block until ResumeThread writes something to the pipe
+    while ((read_ret = read(pipe_descs[0], &resume_code, sizeof(resume_code))) != sizeof(resume_code))
+    {
+        if (read_ret != -1 || EINTR != errno)
+        {
+            // read might return 0 (with EAGAIN) if the other end of the pipe gets closed
+            palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (palError == NO_ERROR && resume_code != WAKEUPCODE)
+    {
+        // If we did read successfully but the byte didn't match WAKEUPCODE, we treat it as a failure.
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (palError == NO_ERROR)
+    {
+        AcquireSuspensionLock(pThread);
+        pThread->suspensionInfo.SetSelfSusp(FALSE);
+        ReleaseSuspensionLock(pThread);
+    }
+
+    // Close the pipes regardless of whether we were successful.
+    close(pipe_descs[0]);
+    close(pipe_descs[1]);
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+
+  ResumeThread
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+ResumeThread(
+         IN HANDLE hThread
+         )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError;
+    CPalThread *pthrResumer;
+    DWORD dwSuspendCount = (DWORD)-1;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(ResumeThread);
+    ENTRY("ResumeThread(hThread=%p)\n", hThread);
+
+    pthrResumer = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    palError = InternalResumeThread(
+        pthrResumer,
+        hThread,
+        &dwSuspendCount
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR != palError)
+    {
+        pthrResumer->SetLastError(palError);
+        dwSuspendCount = (DWORD) -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        _ASSERT_MSG(dwSuspendCount != static_cast<DWORD>(-1), "InternalResumeThread returned success but dwSuspendCount did not change.\n");   
+    }
+
+    LOGEXIT("ResumeThread returns DWORD %u\n", dwSuspendCount);
+    PERF_EXIT(ResumeThread);
+    return dwSuspendCount;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalResumeThread
+
+InternalResumeThread converts the handle of the target thread to a 
+CPalThread, and passes both the resumer and target thread references
+to InternalResumeThreadFromData. A reference to the suspend count from
+the resumption attempt is passed back to the caller of this function.
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+CorUnix::InternalResumeThread(
+    CPalThread *pthrResumer,
+    HANDLE hTargetThread,
+    DWORD *pdwSuspendCount
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget = NULL;
+    IPalObject *pobjThread = NULL;
+
+    palError = InternalGetThreadDataFromHandle(
+        pthrResumer,
+        hTargetThread,
+        0, // THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME
+        &pthrTarget,
+        &pobjThread
+        );
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        palError = pthrResumer->suspensionInfo.InternalResumeThreadFromData(
+            pthrResumer,
+            pthrTarget,
+            pdwSuspendCount
+            );
+    }
+
+    if (NULL != pobjThread)
+    {
+        pobjThread->ReleaseReference(pthrResumer);
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InternalResumeThreadFromData
+
+InternalResumeThreadFromData resumes the target thread. First, the suspension
+mutexes of the threads are acquired. Next, there's a check to ensure that the
+target thread was actually suspended. Finally, the resume attempt is made
+and the suspension mutexes are released. The suspend count of the 
+target thread is passed back to the caller of this function.
+
+Note that ReleaseSuspensionLock(s) is called before hitting ASSERTs in error
+paths. Currently, this seems unnecessary since asserting within 
+InternalResumeThreadFromData will not cause cleanup to occur. However,
+this may change since it would be preferable to perform cleanup. Thus, calls
+to release suspension locks remain in the error paths.
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::InternalResumeThreadFromData(
+    CPalThread *pthrResumer,
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget,
+    DWORD *pdwSuspendCount
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+
+    int nWrittenBytes = -1;
+
+    if (SignalHandlerThread == pthrTarget->GetThreadType())
+    {
+        ASSERT("Attempting to resume the signal handling thread, which can never be suspended.\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+    }
+
+    // Acquire suspension mutex
+    AcquireSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+
+    // Check target thread's state to ensure it hasn't died. 
+    // Setting a thread's state to TS_DONE is protected by the 
+    // target's suspension mutex.
+    if (pthrTarget->synchronizationInfo.GetThreadState() == TS_DONE)
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        ReleaseSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+        goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+    }
+
+    // If this is a dummy thread, then it represents a process that was created with CREATE_SUSPENDED
+    // and it should have a blocking pipe set. If GetBlockingPipe returns -1 for a dummy thread, then
+    // something is wrong - either CREATE_SUSPENDED wasn't used or the process was already resumed.
+    if (pthrTarget->IsDummy() && -1 == pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.GetBlockingPipe())
+    {
+        palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+        ERROR("Tried to wake up dummy thread without a blocking pipe.\n");
+        ReleaseSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+        goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+    }
+
+    // If there is a blocking pipe on this thread, resume it by writing the wake up code to that pipe.
+    if (-1 != pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.GetBlockingPipe())
+    {
+        // If write() is interrupted by a signal before writing data, 
+        // it returns -1 and sets errno to EINTR. In this case, we
+        // attempt the write() again.
+        writeAgain:
+        nWrittenBytes = write(pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.GetBlockingPipe(), &WAKEUPCODE, sizeof(WAKEUPCODE));
+
+        // The size of WAKEUPCODE is 1 byte. If write returns 0, we'll treat it as an error.
+        if (sizeof(WAKEUPCODE) != nWrittenBytes)
+        {
+            // If we are here during process creation, this is most likely caused by the target 
+            // process dying before reaching this point and thus breaking the pipe.
+            if (nWrittenBytes == -1 && EPIPE == errno)
+            {
+                palError = ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE;
+                ReleaseSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+                ERROR("Write failed with EPIPE\n");
+                goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+            }
+            else if (nWrittenBytes == 0 || (nWrittenBytes == -1 && EINTR == errno))
+            {
+                TRACE("write() failed with EINTR; re-attempting write\n");
+                goto writeAgain;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Some other error occurred; need to release suspension mutexes before leaving ResumeThread.
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+                ReleaseSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+                ASSERT("Write() failed; error is %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+                goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Reset blocking pipe to -1 since we're done using it.
+        pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.SetBlockingPipe(-1);
+        
+        ReleaseSuspensionLocks(pthrResumer, pthrTarget);
+        goto InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        *pdwSuspendCount = 0;
+        palError = ERROR_BAD_COMMAND;
+    }
+
+InternalResumeThreadFromDataExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError)
+    {
+        *pdwSuspendCount = 1;
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TryAcquireSuspensionLock
+
+TryAcquireSuspensionLock is a utility function that tries to acquire a thread's
+suspension mutex or spinlock. If it succeeds, the function returns TRUE. 
+Otherwise, it returns FALSE. This function is used in AcquireSuspensionLocks.
+Note that the global lock cannot be acquired in this function since it makes
+no sense to do so. A thread holding the global lock is the only thread that
+can perform suspend or resume operations so it doesn't need to acquire
+a second lock.
+--*/
+BOOL 
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::TryAcquireSuspensionLock(
+    CPalThread* pthrTarget
+    )
+{
+    int iPthreadRet = 0;
+#if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+{
+    iPthreadRet = SPINLOCKTryAcquire(pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.GetSuspensionSpinlock());
+}
+#else // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+{
+    iPthreadRet = pthread_mutex_trylock(pthrTarget->suspensionInfo.GetSuspensionMutex());
+    _ASSERT_MSG(iPthreadRet == 0 || iPthreadRet == EBUSY, "pthread_mutex_trylock returned %d\n", iPthreadRet);
+}
+#endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+
+    // If iPthreadRet is 0, lock acquisition was successful. Otherwise, it failed.
+    return (iPthreadRet == 0);
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  AcquireSuspensionLock
+
+AcquireSuspensionLock acquires a thread's suspension mutex or spinlock. 
+If USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION is defined, it will acquire the global lock. 
+A thread in this function blocks until it acquires
+its lock, unlike in TryAcquireSuspensionLock.
+--*/
+void 
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::AcquireSuspensionLock(
+    CPalThread* pthrCurrent
+    )
+{
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+{
+    SPINLOCKAcquire(&g_ssSuspensionLock, 0);
+}
+#else // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+{
+    #if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+    {
+        SPINLOCKAcquire(&pthrCurrent->suspensionInfo.m_nSpinlock, 0);
+    }
+    #else // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+    {
+        INDEBUG(int iPthreadError = )
+        pthread_mutex_lock(&pthrCurrent->suspensionInfo.m_ptmSuspmutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(iPthreadError == 0, "pthread_mutex_lock returned %d\n", iPthreadError);
+    }
+    #endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+}
+#endif // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReleaseSuspensionLock
+
+ReleaseSuspensionLock is a function that releases a thread's suspension mutex
+or spinlock. If USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION is defined, 
+it will release the global lock.
+--*/
+void 
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::ReleaseSuspensionLock(
+    CPalThread* pthrCurrent
+    )
+{
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+{
+    SPINLOCKRelease(&g_ssSuspensionLock);
+}
+#else // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+{
+    #if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 
+    {
+        SPINLOCKRelease(&pthrCurrent->suspensionInfo.m_nSpinlock);
+    }
+    #else // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 
+    {
+        INDEBUG(int iPthreadError = )
+        pthread_mutex_unlock(&pthrCurrent->suspensionInfo.m_ptmSuspmutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(iPthreadError == 0, "pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d\n", iPthreadError);
+    }
+    #endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX 
+}
+#endif // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  AcquireSuspensionLocks
+
+AcquireSuspensionLocks is used to acquire the suspension locks
+of a suspender (or resumer) and target thread. The thread will 
+perform a blocking call to acquire its own suspension lock
+and will then try to acquire the target thread's lock without blocking. 
+If it fails to acquire the target's lock, it releases its own lock 
+and the thread will try to acquire both locks again. The key 
+is that both locks must be acquired together.
+
+Originally, only blocking calls were used to acquire the suspender
+and the target lock. However, this was problematic since a thread
+could acquire its own lock and then block on acquiring the target
+lock. In the meantime, the target could have already acquired its
+own lock and be attempting to suspend the suspender thread. This 
+clearly causes deadlock. A second approach used locking hierarchies,
+where locks were acquired use thread id ordering. This was better but
+suffered from the scenario where thread A acquires thread B's
+suspension mutex first. In the meantime, thread C acquires thread A's
+suspension mutex and its own. Thus, thread A is suspended while
+holding thread B's mutex. This is problematic if thread C now wants
+to suspend thread B. The issue here is that a thread can be
+suspended while holding someone else's mutex but not holding its own.
+In the end, the correct approach is to always acquire your suspension 
+mutex first. This prevents you from being suspended while holding the 
+target's mutex. Then, attempt to acquire the target's mutex. If the mutex 
+cannot be acquired, release your own and try again. This all or nothing 
+approach is the safest and avoids nasty race conditions.
+
+If USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION is defined, the calling thread 
+will acquire the global lock when possible.
+--*/
+VOID
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::AcquireSuspensionLocks(
+    CPalThread *pthrSuspender,
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget
+    )
+{
+    BOOL fReacquire = FALSE;
+
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+    AcquireSuspensionLock(pthrSuspender);
+#else // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+    do
+    {
+        fReacquire = FALSE;
+        AcquireSuspensionLock(pthrSuspender);
+        if (!TryAcquireSuspensionLock(pthrTarget))
+        {
+            // pthread_mutex_trylock returned EBUSY so release the first lock and try again.
+            ReleaseSuspensionLock(pthrSuspender);           
+            fReacquire = TRUE;
+            sched_yield();
+        }
+    } while (fReacquire);
+#endif // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+
+    // Whenever the native implementation for the wait subsystem's thread 
+    // blocking requires a lock as protection (as pthread conditions do with 
+    // the associated mutex), we need to grab that lock to prevent the target 
+    // thread from being suspended while holding the lock.
+    // Failing to do so can lead to a multiple threads deadlocking such as the 
+    // one described in VSW 363793.
+    // In general, in similar scenarios, we need to grab the protecting lock 
+    // every time suspension safety/unsafety is unbalanced on the two sides 
+    // using the same condition (or any other native blocking support which 
+    // needs an associated native lock), i.e. when either the signaling 
+    // thread(s) is(are) signaling from an unsafe area and the waiting 
+    // thread(s) is(are) waiting from a safe one, or vice versa (the scenario
+    // described in VSW 363793 is a good example of the first type of 
+    // unbalanced suspension safety/unsafety).
+    // Instead, whenever signaling and waiting sides are both marked safe or 
+    // unsafe, the deadlock cannot take place since either the suspending 
+    // thread will suspend them anyway (regardless of the native lock), or it 
+    // won't suspend any of them, since they are both marked unsafe.
+    // Such a balanced scenario applies, for instance, to critical sections 
+    // where depending on whether the target CS is internal or not, both the
+    // signaling and the waiting side will access the mutex/condition from 
+    // respectively an unsafe or safe region.
+    
+    pthrTarget->AcquireNativeWaitLock();
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  ReleaseSuspensionLocks
+
+ReleaseSuspensionLocks releases both thread's suspension mutexes.
+Note that the locks are released in the opposite order they're acquired.
+This prevents a suspending or resuming thread from being suspended
+while holding the target's lock.
+If USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION is defined, it simply releases the global lock.
+--*/
+VOID
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::ReleaseSuspensionLocks(
+    CPalThread *pthrSuspender,
+    CPalThread *pthrTarget
+    )
+{
+    // See comment in AcquireSuspensionLocks    
+    pthrTarget->ReleaseNativeWaitLock();
+
+#ifdef USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+    ReleaseSuspensionLock(pthrSuspender);
+#else // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+    ReleaseSuspensionLock(pthrTarget);
+    ReleaseSuspensionLock(pthrSuspender);
+#endif // USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_FOR_SUSPENSION
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PostOnSuspendSemaphore
+
+PostOnSuspendSemaphore is a utility function for a thread
+to post on its POSIX or SysV suspension semaphore.
+--*/
+void
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::PostOnSuspendSemaphore()
+{
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+    if (sem_post(&m_semSusp) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_post returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    if (semop(m_nSemsuspid, &m_sbSempost, 1) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semop - post returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    int status;
+
+    // The suspending thread may not have entered the wait yet, in which case the cond var
+    // signal below will be a no-op. To prevent the race condition we set m_fSuspended to
+    // TRUE first (which the suspender will take as an indication that no wait is required).
+    // But the setting of the flag and the signal must appear atomic to the suspender (as
+    // reading the flag and potentially waiting must appear to us) to avoid the race
+    // condition where the suspender reads the flag as FALSE, we set it and signal and the
+    // suspender then waits.
+
+    // Acquire the suspend mutex. Once we enter the critical section the suspender has
+    // either gotten there before us (and is waiting for our signal) or is yet to even
+    // check the flag (so we can set it here to stop them attempting a wait).
+    status = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutexSusp);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_lock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    m_fSuspended = TRUE;
+
+    status = pthread_cond_signal(&m_condSusp);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_cond_signal returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutexSusp);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitOnSuspendSemaphore
+
+WaitOnSuspendSemaphore is a utility function for a thread
+to wait on its POSIX or SysV suspension semaphore. 
+--*/
+void
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::WaitOnSuspendSemaphore()
+{
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+    while (sem_wait(&m_semSusp) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_wait returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    while (semop(m_nSemsuspid, &m_sbSemwait, 1) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semop wait returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    int status;
+
+    // By the time we wait the target thread may have already signalled its suspension (in
+    // which case m_fSuspended will be TRUE and we shouldn't wait on the cond var). But we
+    // must check the flag and potentially wait atomically to avoid the race where we read
+    // the flag and the target thread sets it and signals before we have a chance to wait.
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutexSusp);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_lock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    // If the target has already acknowledged the suspend we shouldn't wait.
+    while (!m_fSuspended)
+    {
+        // We got here before the target could signal. Wait on them (which atomically releases
+        // the mutex during the wait).
+        status = pthread_cond_wait(&m_condSusp, &m_mutexSusp);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("pthread_cond_wait returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+        }
+    }
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutexSusp);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  PostOnResumeSemaphore
+
+PostOnResumeSemaphore is a utility function for a thread
+to post on its POSIX or SysV resume semaphore.
+--*/
+void
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::PostOnResumeSemaphore()
+{
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+    if (sem_post(&m_semResume) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_post returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    if (semop(m_nSemrespid, &m_sbSempost, 1) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semop - post returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    int status;
+
+    // The resuming thread may not have entered the wait yet, in which case the cond var
+    // signal below will be a no-op. To prevent the race condition we set m_fResumed to
+    // TRUE first (which the resumer will take as an indication that no wait is required).
+    // But the setting of the flag and the signal must appear atomic to the resumer (as
+    // reading the flag and potentially waiting must appear to us) to avoid the race
+    // condition where the resumer reads the flag as FALSE, we set it and signal and the
+    // resumer then waits.
+
+    // Acquire the resume mutex. Once we enter the critical section the resumer has
+    // either gotten there before us (and is waiting for our signal) or is yet to even
+    // check the flag (so we can set it here to stop them attempting a wait).
+    status = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutexResume);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_lock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    m_fResumed = TRUE;
+
+    status = pthread_cond_signal(&m_condResume);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_cond_signal returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutexResume);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  WaitOnResumeSemaphore
+
+WaitOnResumeSemaphore is a utility function for a thread
+to wait on its POSIX or SysV resume semaphore.
+--*/
+void
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::WaitOnResumeSemaphore()
+{
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+    while (sem_wait(&m_semResume) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_wait returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    while (semop(m_nSemrespid, &m_sbSemwait, 1) == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semop wait returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    int status;
+
+    // By the time we wait the target thread may have already signalled its resumption (in
+    // which case m_fResumed will be TRUE and we shouldn't wait on the cond var). But we
+    // must check the flag and potentially wait atomically to avoid the race where we read
+    // the flag and the target thread sets it and signals before we have a chance to wait.
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_lock(&m_mutexResume);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_lock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+
+    // If the target has already acknowledged the resume we shouldn't wait.
+    while (!m_fResumed)
+    {
+        // We got here before the target could signal. Wait on them (which atomically releases
+        // the mutex during the wait).
+        status = pthread_cond_wait(&m_condResume, &m_mutexResume);
+        if (status != 0)
+        {
+            ASSERT("pthread_cond_wait returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+        }
+    }
+
+    status = pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_mutexResume);
+    if (status != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_unlock returned %d (%s)\n", status, strerror(status));
+    }
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializeSuspensionLock
+
+InitializeSuspensionLock initializes a thread's suspension spinlock
+or suspension mutex. It is called from the CThreadSuspensionInfo
+constructor.
+--*/
+VOID
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::InitializeSuspensionLock()
+{
+#if DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+    SPINLOCKInit(&m_nSpinlock);
+#else
+    int iError = pthread_mutex_init(&m_ptmSuspmutex, NULL);
+    if (0 != iError )
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_init(&suspmutex) returned %d\n", iError);
+        return;
+    }
+    m_fSuspmutexInitialized = TRUE;
+#endif // DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+}
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  InitializePreCreate
+
+InitializePreCreate initializes the semaphores and signal masks used 
+for thread suspension. At the end, it sets the calling thread's 
+signal mask to the default signal mask. 
+--*/
+PAL_ERROR
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::InitializePreCreate()
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    int iError = 0;
+#if SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    int nStoredErrno;
+#endif  // SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+#if SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    nStoredErrno = errno;
+#endif  // SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+    // initialize suspension semaphore
+    iError = sem_init(&m_semSusp, 0, 0);  
+
+#if SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    if (iError == 0)
+    {
+        // Restore errno if sem_init succeeded.
+        errno = nStoredErrno;
+    }
+#endif  // SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+    if (0 != iError )
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_init(&suspsem) returned %d\n", iError);
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+#if SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    nStoredErrno = errno;
+#endif  // SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+    // initialize resume semaphore
+    iError = sem_init(&m_semResume, 0, 0);
+
+#if SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+    if (iError == 0)
+    {
+        // Restore errno if sem_init succeeded.
+        errno = nStoredErrno;
+    }
+#endif  // SEM_INIT_MODIFIES_ERRNO
+
+    if (0 != iError )
+    {
+        ASSERT("sem_init(&suspsem) returned %d\n", iError);
+        sem_destroy(&m_semSusp);
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    m_fSemaphoresInitialized = TRUE;
+
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    // preparing to initialize the SysV semaphores.
+    union semun semunData;
+    m_nSemsuspid = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
+    if (m_nSemsuspid == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semget for suspension sem id returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+    
+    m_nSemrespid = semget(IPC_PRIVATE, 1, IPC_CREAT | 0666);
+    if (m_nSemrespid == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semget for resumption sem id returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    if (m_nSemsuspid == m_nSemrespid)
+    {
+        ASSERT("Suspension and Resumption Semaphores have the same id\n");
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    semunData.val = 0;
+    iError = semctl(m_nSemsuspid, 0, SETVAL, semunData);
+    if (iError == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semctl for suspension sem id returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    semunData.val = 0;
+    iError = semctl(m_nSemrespid, 0, SETVAL, semunData);
+    if (iError == -1)
+    {
+        ASSERT("semctl for resumption sem id returned -1 and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+    
+    // initialize suspend semaphore
+    m_sbSemwait.sem_num = 0;
+    m_sbSemwait.sem_op = -1;
+    m_sbSemwait.sem_flg = 0;
+
+    // initialize resume semaphore
+    m_sbSempost.sem_num = 0;
+    m_sbSempost.sem_op = 1;
+    m_sbSempost.sem_flg = 0;    
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    iError = pthread_cond_init(&m_condSusp, NULL);
+    if (iError != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_cond_init for suspension returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_init(&m_mutexSusp, NULL);
+    if (iError != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_init for suspension returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_cond_init(&m_condResume, NULL);
+    if (iError != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_cond_init for resume returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    iError = pthread_mutex_init(&m_mutexResume, NULL);
+    if (iError != 0)
+    {
+        ASSERT("pthread_mutex_init for resume returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+        goto InitializePreCreateExit;
+    }
+
+    m_fSemaphoresInitialized = TRUE;
+#endif // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+
+    // Initialization was successful.
+    palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+InitializePreCreateExit:
+
+    if (NO_ERROR == palError && 0 != iError)
+    {
+        switch (iError)
+        {
+            case ENOMEM:
+            case EAGAIN:
+            {
+                palError = ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY;
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+            {
+                ASSERT("A pthrSuspender init call returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+                palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::~CThreadSuspensionInfo()
+{
+#if !DEADLOCK_WHEN_THREAD_IS_SUSPENDED_WHILE_BLOCKED_ON_MUTEX
+    if (m_fSuspmutexInitialized)
+    {
+        INDEBUG(int iError = )
+        pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_ptmSuspmutex);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "pthread_mutex_destroy returned %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+    }
+#endif
+
+#if USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+    if (m_fSemaphoresInitialized)
+    {
+        int iError;
+
+        iError = sem_destroy(&m_semSusp);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "sem_destroy failed and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+
+        iError = sem_destroy(&m_semResume);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "sem_destroy failed and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+    }
+#elif USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+    DestroySemaphoreIds();
+#elif USE_PTHREAD_CONDVARS
+    if (m_fSemaphoresInitialized)
+    {
+        int iError;
+
+        iError = pthread_cond_destroy(&m_condSusp);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "pthread_cond_destroy failed with %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+
+        iError = pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_mutexSusp);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "pthread_mutex_destroy failed with %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+
+        iError = pthread_cond_destroy(&m_condResume);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "pthread_cond_destroy failed with %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+
+        iError = pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_mutexResume);
+        _ASSERT_MSG(0 == iError, "pthread_mutex_destroy failed with %d (%s)\n", iError, strerror(iError));
+    }
+#endif  // USE_POSIX_SEMAPHORES
+}
+
+#if USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
+/*++
+Function:
+  DestroySemaphoreIds
+  
+DestroySemaphoreIds is called from the CThreadSuspensionInfo destructor and
+from PROCCleanupThreadSemIds. If a thread exits before shutdown or is suspended
+during shutdown, its destructor will be invoked and the semaphore ids destroyed. 
+In assert or exceptions situations that are suspension unsafe, 
+PROCCleanupThreadSemIds is called, which uses DestroySemaphoreIds.
+--*/
+void
+CThreadSuspensionInfo::DestroySemaphoreIds()
+{
+    union semun semunData;
+    if (m_nSemsuspid != 0)
+    {
+        semunData.val = 0;
+        if (0 != semctl(m_nSemsuspid, 0, IPC_RMID, semunData))
+        {
+            ERROR("semctl(Semsuspid) failed and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_nSemsuspid = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    if (this->m_nSemrespid)
+    {
+        semunData.val = 0;
+        if (0 != semctl(m_nSemrespid, 0, IPC_RMID, semunData))
+        {
+            ERROR("semctl(Semrespid) failed and set errno to %d (%s)\n", errno, strerror(errno));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_nSemrespid = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif // USE_SYSV_SEMAPHORES
diff --git a/src/pal/src/thread/tls.cpp b/src/pal/src/thread/tls.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ef6d02f00a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/pal/src/thread/tls.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
+// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
+// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.
+
+/*++
+
+
+
+Module Name:
+
+    tls.cpp
+
+Abstract:
+
+    Implementation of Thread local storage functions.
+
+
+
+--*/
+
+#include "pal/thread.hpp"
+#include "procprivate.hpp"
+
+#include <pthread.h>
+
+#include "pal/dbgmsg.h"
+#include "pal/misc.h"
+#include "pal/virtual.h"
+#include "pal/process.h"
+#include "pal/init.h"
+#include "pal/malloc.hpp"
+#include "pal_endian.h"
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+using namespace CorUnix;
+
+SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD);
+
+// In safemath.h, Template SafeInt uses macro _ASSERTE, which need to use variable
+// defdbgchan defined by SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL. Therefore, the include statement
+// should be placed after the SET_DEFAULT_DEBUG_CHANNEL(THREAD)
+#include <safemath.h>
+
+/* This tracks the slots that are used for TlsAlloc. Its size in bits
+   must be the same as TLS_SLOT_SIZE in pal/thread.h. Since this is
+   static, it is initialized to 0, which is what we want. */
+static unsigned __int64 sTlsSlotFields;
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TlsAlloc
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+DWORD
+PALAPI
+TlsAlloc(
+    VOID)
+{
+    DWORD dwIndex;
+    unsigned int i;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(TlsAlloc);
+    ENTRY("TlsAlloc()\n");
+
+    /* Yes, this could be ever so slightly improved. It's not
+       likely to be called enough to matter, though, so we won't
+       optimize here until or unless we need to. */
+       
+    PROCProcessLock();
+    
+    for(i = 0; i < sizeof(sTlsSlotFields) * 8; i++)
+    {
+        if ((sTlsSlotFields & ((unsigned __int64) 1 << i)) == 0)
+        {
+            sTlsSlotFields |= ((unsigned __int64) 1 << i);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (i == sizeof(sTlsSlotFields) * 8)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+        dwIndex = TLS_OUT_OF_INDEXES;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dwIndex = i;
+    }
+    
+    PROCProcessUnlock();
+
+    LOGEXIT("TlsAlloc returns DWORD %u\n", dwIndex);
+    PERF_EXIT(TlsAlloc);
+    return dwIndex;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TlsGetValue
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+LPVOID
+PALAPI
+TlsGetValue(
+        IN DWORD dwTlsIndex)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    
+    PERF_ENTRY(TlsGetValue);
+    ENTRY("TlsGetValue()\n");
+    
+    if (dwTlsIndex == (DWORD) -1 || dwTlsIndex >= TLS_SLOT_SIZE)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+
+    /* From MSDN : "The TlsGetValue function calls SetLastError to clear a
+       thread's last error when it succeeds." */
+    pThread->SetLastError(NO_ERROR);
+    
+    LOGEXIT("TlsGetValue \n" );
+    PERF_EXIT(TlsGetValue);
+    
+    return pThread->tlsInfo.tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex];
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TlsSetValue
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+TlsSetValue(
+        IN DWORD dwTlsIndex,
+        IN LPVOID lpTlsValue)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+    BOOL bRet = FALSE;
+    PERF_ENTRY(TlsSetValue);
+    ENTRY("TlsSetValue(dwTlsIndex=%u, lpTlsValue=%p)\n", dwTlsIndex, lpTlsValue);
+
+    if (dwTlsIndex == (DWORD) -1 || dwTlsIndex >= TLS_SLOT_SIZE)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        goto EXIT;
+    }
+
+    pThread = InternalGetCurrentThread();
+    pThread->tlsInfo.tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex] = lpTlsValue;
+    bRet = TRUE;
+    
+EXIT:
+    LOGEXIT("TlsSetValue returns BOOL %d\n", bRet);
+    PERF_EXIT(TlsSetValue);
+    return bRet;
+}
+
+
+/*++
+Function:
+  TlsFree
+
+See MSDN doc.
+--*/
+BOOL
+PALAPI
+TlsFree(
+    IN DWORD dwTlsIndex)
+{
+    CPalThread *pThread;
+
+    PERF_ENTRY(TlsFree);
+    ENTRY("TlsFree(dwTlsIndex=%u)\n", dwTlsIndex);
+
+    
+    if (dwTlsIndex == (DWORD) -1 || dwTlsIndex >= TLS_SLOT_SIZE)
+    {
+        SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
+        LOGEXIT("TlsFree returns BOOL FALSE\n");
+        PERF_EXIT(TlsFree);
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    PROCProcessLock();
+
+    /* Reset all threads' values to zero for this index. */
+    for(pThread = pGThreadList; 
+        pThread != NULL; pThread = pThread->GetNext())
+    {
+        pThread->tlsInfo.tlsSlots[dwTlsIndex] = 0;
+    }
+    sTlsSlotFields &= ~((unsigned __int64) 1 << dwTlsIndex);
+    
+    PROCProcessUnlock();
+
+    LOGEXIT("TlsFree returns BOOL TRUE\n");
+    PERF_EXIT(TlsFree);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+PAL_ERROR
+CThreadTLSInfo::InitializePostCreate(
+    CPalThread *pThread,
+    SIZE_T threadId,
+    DWORD dwLwpId
+    )
+{
+    PAL_ERROR palError = NO_ERROR;
+    
+    if (pthread_setspecific(thObjKey, reinterpret_cast<void*>(pThread)))
+    {
+        ASSERT("Unable to set the thread object key's value\n");
+        palError = ERROR_INTERNAL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    return palError;
+}
+