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<html>
<head>
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<title>Character Classification Generators (alnum, digit, etc.)</title>
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</div>
<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title">
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class"></a><a class="link" href="char_class.html" title="Character Classification Generators (alnum, digit, etc.)">Character
Classification Generators (<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alnum</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">digit</span></code>, etc.)</a>
</h5></div></div></div>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h0"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.description">Description</a>
</h6>
<p>
The library has the full repertoire of single character generators for
character classification. This includes the usual <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alnum</span></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alpha</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">digit</span></code>, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">xdigit</span></code>,
etc. generators. These generators have an associated <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a>. This is needed when doing basic operations
such as forcing lower or upper case.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h1"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.header"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.header">Header</a>
</h6>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="comment">// forwards to <boost/spirit/home/karma/char/char_class.hpp></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">karma_char_class</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
</pre>
<p>
Also, see <a class="link" href="../../../structure/include.html" title="Include">Include Structure</a>.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h2"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.namespace"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.namespace">Namespace</a>
</h6>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup><col></colgroup>
<thead><tr><th>
<p>
Name
</p>
</th></tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">alnum</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">blank</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cntrl</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">digit</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">graph</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lower</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">print</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">punct</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">space</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">upper</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xdigit</span></code>
</p>
</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>
In the table above, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span></code>
represents a <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> used by the corresponding character class generator.
All listed generators have a mandatory attribute <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Ch</span></code>
and will not compile if no attribute is associated.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h3"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.model_of"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.model_of">Model
of</a>
</h6>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
<a class="link" href="../generator_concepts/primitivegenerator.html" title="PrimitiveGenerator"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PrimitiveGenerator</span></code></a>
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="variablelist">
<p class="title"><b>Notation</b></p>
<dl>
<dt><span class="term"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span></code></span></dt>
<dd><p>
A <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a>.
</p></dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h4"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.expression_semantics"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.expression_semantics">Expression
Semantics</a>
</h6>
<p>
Semantics of an expression is defined only where it differs from, or
is not defined in <a class="link" href="../generator_concepts/primitivegenerator.html" title="PrimitiveGenerator"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">PrimitiveGenerator</span></code></a>.
</p>
<div class="informaltable"><table class="table">
<colgroup>
<col>
<col>
</colgroup>
<thead><tr>
<th>
<p>
Expression
</p>
</th>
<th>
<p>
Semantics
</p>
</th>
</tr></thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">alnum</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isalnum</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isalpha</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">blank</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isblank</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cntrl</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">iscntrl</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">digit</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isdigit</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">graph</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isgraph</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">print</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isprint</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">punct</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ispunct</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">xdigit</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isxdigit</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">lower</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">islower</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">upper</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the mandatory attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isupper</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">space</span></code>
</p>
</td>
<td>
<p>
If the optional attribute satisfies the concept of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isspace</span></code> in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a> the generator succeeds after emitting
its attribute (unless the underlying output stream reports
an error). This generator fails otherwise while not generating
anything.If no attribute is supplied this generator emits a
single space character in the character set defined by <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span></code>.
</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></div>
<p>
Possible values for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">ns</span></code>
are described in the section <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.character_encoding_namespace">Character
Encoding Namespace</a>.
</p>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
<p>
The generators <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alpha</span></code>
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alnum</span></code> might seem
to behave unexpected if used inside a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">lower</span><span class="special">[]</span></code> or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">upper</span><span class="special">[]</span></code> directive. Both directives additionally
apply the semantics of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">islower</span></code>
or <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">isupper</span></code> to the respective character
class. Some examples:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span> <span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">back_insert_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">s</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">generate</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">lower</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">],</span> <span class="char">'a'</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// succeeds emitting 'a'</span>
<span class="identifier">generate</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">out</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">lower</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">],</span> <span class="char">'A'</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// fails </span>
</pre>
<p>
The generator directive <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">upper</span><span class="special">[]</span></code> behaves correspondingly.
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h5"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.attributes"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.attributes">Attributes</a>
</h6>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
All listed character class generators can take any attribute <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Ch</span></code>. All character class generators
(except <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">space</span></code>) require
an attribute and will fail compiling otherwise.
</p></blockquote></div>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
In addition to their usual attribute of type <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Ch</span></code>
all listed generators accept an instance of a <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">Ch</span><span class="special">></span></code> as well. If the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><></span></code> is initialized (holds a value)
the generators behave as if their attribute was an instance of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">Ch</span></code> and emit the value stored in the
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">optional</span><span class="special"><></span></code>.
Otherwise the generators will fail.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h6"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.complexity"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.complexity">Complexity</a>
</h6>
<div class="blockquote"><blockquote class="blockquote"><p>
O(1)
</p></blockquote></div>
<p>
The complexity is constant as the generators emit not more than one character
per invocation.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.h7"></a>
<span><a name="spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.example"></a></span><a class="link" href="char_class.html#spirit.karma.reference.char.char_class.example">Example</a>
</h6>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="../../../../images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
The test harness for the example(s) below is presented in the <a class="link" href="../basics.html#spirit.karma.reference.basics.examples">Basics Examples</a>
section.
</p></td></tr>
</table></div>
<p>
Some includes:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">support_utree</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">phoenix_core</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">phoenix_operator</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">fusion</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">include</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">std_pair</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Some using declarations:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">spirit</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">karma</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">upper</span><span class="special">;</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
<p>
Basic usage of an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">alpha</span></code>
generator:
</p>
<p>
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">test_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"a"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="char">'a'</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"A"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="char">'A'</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">""</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="char">'1'</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// fails (as isalpha('1') is false)</span>
<span class="identifier">test_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">"A"</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">upper</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">],</span> <span class="char">'A'</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="identifier">test_generator_attr</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="string">""</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">upper</span><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">alpha</span><span class="special">],</span> <span class="char">'a'</span><span class="special">);</span> <span class="comment">// fails (as isupper('a') is false)</span>
</pre>
<p>
</p>
</div>
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<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2001-2011 Joel de Guzman, Hartmut Kaiser<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
</tr></table>
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