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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="hash.combine"></a><a class="link" href="combine.html" title="Combining hash values">Combining hash values</a>
</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
Say you have a point class, representing a two dimensional location:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">point</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">public</span><span class="special">:</span>
<span class="identifier">point</span><span class="special">()</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="number">0</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{}</span>
<span class="identifier">point</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="special">{}</span>
<span class="keyword">bool</span> <span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">==(</span><span class="identifier">point</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">other</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">other</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">x</span> <span class="special">&&</span> <span class="identifier">y</span> <span class="special">==</span> <span class="identifier">other</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
and you wish to use it as the key for an <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">unordered_map</span></code>.
You need to customise the hash for this structure. To do this we need to combine
the hash values for <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">x</span></code> and
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">y</span></code>. The function <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_combine">boost::hash_combine</a></code> is supplied for
this purpose:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">point</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="special">...</span>
<span class="keyword">friend</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">hash_value</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">point</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">&</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">)</span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">seed</span> <span class="special">=</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_combine">boost::hash_combine</a></code><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span>
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_combine">boost::hash_combine</a></code><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">);</span>
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="identifier">seed</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span>
<span class="special">...</span>
<span class="special">};</span>
</pre>
<p>
Calls to hash_combine incrementally build the hash from the different members
of point, it can be repeatedly called for any number of elements. It calls
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_value_idp510000592">hash_value</a></code> on the supplied
element, and combines it with the seed.
</p>
<p>
Full code for this example is at <a href="../../../libs/functional/hash/examples/point.cpp" target="_top">/libs/functional/hash/examples/point.cpp</a>.
</p>
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<th align="left">Note</th>
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<p>
When using <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_combine">boost::hash_combine</a></code>
the order of the calls matters. </p>
<pre class="programlisting">
std::size_t seed = 0;
boost::hash_combine(seed, 1);
boost::hash_combine(seed, 2);
</pre>
<p>
results in a different seed to:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">
std::size_t seed = 0;
boost::hash_combine(seed, 2);
boost::hash_combine(seed, 1);
</pre>
<p>
If you are calculating a hash value for data
where the order of the data doesn't matter in comparisons (e.g. a set) you
will have to ensure that the data is always supplied in the same order.
</p>
</td></tr>
</table></div>
<p>
To calculate the hash of an iterator range you can use <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_range_idp509980640">boost::hash_range</a></code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting"><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">string</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">some_strings</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">size_t</span> <span class="identifier">hash</span> <span class="special">=</span> <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_range_idp509980640">boost::hash_range</a></code><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">some_strings</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">begin</span><span class="special">(),</span> <span class="identifier">some_strings</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">end</span><span class="special">());</span>
</pre>
<p>
Note that when writing template classes, you might not want to include the
main hash header as it's quite an expensive include that brings in a lot of
other headers, so instead you can include the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">functional</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">hash_fwd</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span></code>
header which forward declares <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/hash.html" title="Struct template hash">boost::hash</a></code>,
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_range_idp509980640">boost::hash_range</a></code> and
<code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="reference.html#boost.hash_combine">boost::hash_combine</a></code>.
You'll need to include the main header before instantiating <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/hash.html" title="Struct template hash">boost::hash</a></code>.
When using a container that uses <code class="computeroutput"><a class="link" href="../boost/hash.html" title="Struct template hash">boost::hash</a></code>
it should do that for you, so your type will work fine with the boost hash
containers. There's an example of this in <a href="../../../libs/functional/hash/examples/template.hpp" target="_top">template.hpp</a>
and <a href="../../../libs/functional/hash/examples/template.cpp" target="_top">template.cpp</a>.
</p>
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James<p>
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file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
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