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<title>TCP, UDP and ICMP</title>
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<div class="section">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h4 class="title">
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols"></a><a class="link" href="protocols.html" title="TCP, UDP and ICMP">TCP, UDP
and ICMP</a>
</h4></div></div></div>
<p>
Boost.Asio provides off-the-shelf support for the internet protocols TCP,
UDP and ICMP.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.h0"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.tcp_clients"></a></span><a class="link" href="protocols.html#boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.tcp_clients">TCP Clients</a>
</h6>
<p>
Hostname resolution is performed using a resolver, where host and service
names are looked up and converted into one or more endpoints:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::tcp::resolver resolver(my_io_context);
ip::tcp::resolver::query query("www.boost.org", "http");
ip::tcp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);
ip::tcp::resolver::iterator end; // End marker.
while (iter != end)
{
ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint = *iter++;
std::cout << endpoint << std::endl;
}
</pre>
<p>
The list of endpoints obtained above could contain both IPv4 and IPv6 endpoints,
so a program should try each of them until it finds one that works. This
keeps the client program independent of a specific IP version.
</p>
<p>
To simplify the development of protocol-independent programs, TCP clients
may establish connections using the free functions <a class="link" href="../../reference/connect.html" title="connect">connect()</a>
and <a class="link" href="../../reference/async_connect.html" title="async_connect">async_connect()</a>.
These operations try each endpoint in a list until the socket is successfully
connected. For example, a single call:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::tcp::socket socket(my_io_context);
boost::asio::connect(socket, resolver.resolve(query));
</pre>
<p>
will synchronously try all endpoints until one is successfully connected.
Similarly, an asynchronous connect may be performed by writing:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">boost::asio::async_connect(socket_, iter,
boost::bind(&client::handle_connect, this,
boost::asio::placeholders::error));
// ...
void handle_connect(const error_code& error)
{
if (!error)
{
// Start read or write operations.
}
else
{
// Handle error.
}
}
</pre>
<p>
When a specific endpoint is available, a socket can be created and connected:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::tcp::socket socket(my_io_context);
socket.connect(endpoint);
</pre>
<p>
Data may be read from or written to a connected TCP socket using the <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::receive">receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_receive">async_receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::send">send()</a>
or <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_stream_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_stream_socket::async_send">async_send()</a>
member functions. However, as these could result in <a class="link" href="../core/streams.html" title="Streams, Short Reads and Short Writes">short
writes or reads</a>, an application will typically use the following
operations instead: <a class="link" href="../../reference/read.html" title="read">read()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/async_read.html" title="async_read">async_read()</a>, <a class="link" href="../../reference/write.html" title="write">write()</a> and <a class="link" href="../../reference/async_write.html" title="async_write">async_write()</a>.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.h1"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.tcp_servers"></a></span><a class="link" href="protocols.html#boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.tcp_servers">TCP Servers</a>
</h6>
<p>
A program uses an acceptor to accept incoming TCP connections:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::tcp::acceptor acceptor(my_io_context, my_endpoint);
...
ip::tcp::socket socket(my_io_context);
acceptor.accept(socket);
</pre>
<p>
After a socket has been successfully accepted, it may be read from or written
to as illustrated for TCP clients above.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.h2"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.udp"></a></span><a class="link" href="protocols.html#boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.udp">UDP</a>
</h6>
<p>
UDP hostname resolution is also performed using a resolver:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::udp::resolver resolver(my_io_context);
ip::udp::resolver::query query("localhost", "daytime");
ip::udp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);
...
</pre>
<p>
A UDP socket is typically bound to a local endpoint. The following code
will create an IP version 4 UDP socket and bind it to the "any"
address on port <code class="computeroutput">12345</code>:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::udp::endpoint endpoint(ip::udp::v4(), 12345);
ip::udp::socket socket(my_io_context, endpoint);
</pre>
<p>
Data may be read from or written to an unconnected UDP socket using the
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive_from">receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive_from.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive_from">async_receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send_to">send_to()</a>
or <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send_to.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send_to">async_send_to()</a>
member functions. For a connected UDP socket, use the <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::receive">receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_receive.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_receive">async_receive()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::send">send()</a>
or <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_datagram_socket/async_send.html" title="basic_datagram_socket::async_send">async_send()</a>
member functions.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.h3"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.icmp"></a></span><a class="link" href="protocols.html#boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.icmp">ICMP</a>
</h6>
<p>
As with TCP and UDP, ICMP hostname resolution is performed using a resolver:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::icmp::resolver resolver(my_io_context);
ip::icmp::resolver::query query("localhost", "");
ip::icmp::resolver::iterator iter = resolver.resolve(query);
...
</pre>
<p>
An ICMP socket may be bound to a local endpoint. The following code will
create an IP version 6 ICMP socket and bind it to the "any" address:
</p>
<pre class="programlisting">ip::icmp::endpoint endpoint(ip::icmp::v6(), 0);
ip::icmp::socket socket(my_io_context, endpoint);
</pre>
<p>
The port number is not used for ICMP.
</p>
<p>
Data may be read from or written to an unconnected ICMP socket using the
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_raw_socket/receive_from.html" title="basic_raw_socket::receive_from">receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_raw_socket/async_receive_from.html" title="basic_raw_socket::async_receive_from">async_receive_from()</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_raw_socket/send_to.html" title="basic_raw_socket::send_to">send_to()</a>
or <a class="link" href="../../reference/basic_raw_socket/async_send_to.html" title="basic_raw_socket::async_send_to">async_send_to()</a>
member functions.
</p>
<h6>
<a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.h4"></a>
<span class="phrase"><a name="boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.see_also"></a></span><a class="link" href="protocols.html#boost_asio.overview.networking.protocols.see_also">See
Also</a>
</h6>
<p>
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__tcp.html" title="ip::tcp">ip::tcp</a>, <a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__udp.html" title="ip::udp">ip::udp</a>,
<a class="link" href="../../reference/ip__icmp.html" title="ip::icmp">ip::icmp</a>, <a class="link" href="../../tutorial/tutdaytime1.html" title="Daytime.1 - A synchronous TCP daytime client">daytime
protocol tutorials</a>, <a class="link" href="../../examples/cpp03_examples.html#boost_asio.examples.cpp03_examples.icmp">ICMP
ping example</a>.
</p>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2003-2018 Christopher M. Kohlhoff<p>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
</p>
</div></td>
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