summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/boost/multiprecision/cpp_int/multiply.hpp
blob: afe1db7a9fcafa46a5053535badcad47e781eac5 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//  Copyright 2012 John Maddock. Distributed under the Boost
//  Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying file
//  LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_
//
// Comparison operators for cpp_int_backend:
//
#ifndef BOOST_MP_CPP_INT_MUL_HPP
#define BOOST_MP_CPP_INT_MUL_HPP

namespace boost{ namespace multiprecision{ namespace backends{

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable:4127) // conditional expression is constant
#endif
   
   template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
inline typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a, 
      const limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   if(!val)
   {
      result = static_cast<limb_type>(0);
      return;
   }
   if((void*)&a != (void*)&result)
      result.resize(a.size(), a.size());
   double_limb_type carry = 0;
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::limb_pointer p = result.limbs();
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::limb_pointer pe = result.limbs() + result.size();
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>::const_limb_pointer pa = a.limbs();
   while(p != pe)
   {
      carry += static_cast<double_limb_type>(*pa) * static_cast<double_limb_type>(val);
#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
      *p = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
#else
      *p = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
#endif
      carry >>= cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::limb_bits;
      ++p, ++pa;
   }
   if(carry)
   {
      unsigned i = result.size();
      result.resize(i + 1, i + 1);
      if(result.size() > i)
         result.limbs()[i] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   }
   result.sign(a.sign());
   if(!cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::variable)
      result.normalize();
}

//
// resize_for_carry forces a resize of the underlying buffer only if a previous request
// for "required" elements could possibly have failed, *and* we have checking enabled.
// This will cause an overflow error inside resize():
//
template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
inline void resize_for_carry(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& /*result*/, unsigned /*required*/){}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
inline void resize_for_carry(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, checked, void>& result, unsigned required)
{
   if(result.size() != required)
      result.resize(required, required);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2, unsigned MinBits3, unsigned MaxBits3, cpp_integer_type SignType3, cpp_int_check_type Checked3, class Allocator3>
inline typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits3, MaxBits3, SignType3, Checked3, Allocator3> >::value >::type
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits3, MaxBits3, SignType3, Checked3, Allocator3>& b) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   // Very simple long multiplication, only usable for small numbers of limb_type's
   // but that's the typical use case for this type anyway:
   //
   // Special cases first:
   //
   unsigned as = a.size();
   unsigned bs = b.size();
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>::const_limb_pointer pa = a.limbs();
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits3, MaxBits3, SignType3, Checked3, Allocator3>::const_limb_pointer pb = b.limbs();
   if(as == 1)
   {
      bool s = b.sign() != a.sign();
      if(bs == 1)
      {
         result = static_cast<double_limb_type>(*pa) * static_cast<double_limb_type>(*pb);
      }
      else
      {
         limb_type l = *pa;
         eval_multiply(result, b, l);
      }
      result.sign(s);
      return;
   }
   if(bs == 1)
   {
      bool s = b.sign() != a.sign();
      limb_type l = *pb;
      eval_multiply(result, a, l);
      result.sign(s);
      return;
   }

   if((void*)&result == (void*)&a)
   {
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t(a);
      eval_multiply(result, t, b);
      return;
   }
   if((void*)&result == (void*)&b)
   {
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t(b);
      eval_multiply(result, a, t);
      return;
   }

   result.resize(as + bs, as + bs - 1);
   typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::limb_pointer pr = result.limbs();

   static const double_limb_type limb_max = ~static_cast<limb_type>(0u);
   static const double_limb_type double_limb_max = ~static_cast<double_limb_type>(0u);
   BOOST_STATIC_ASSERT(double_limb_max - 2 * limb_max >= limb_max * limb_max);

   double_limb_type carry = 0;
   std::memset(pr, 0, result.size() * sizeof(limb_type));
   for(unsigned i = 0; i < as; ++i)
   {
      unsigned inner_limit = cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::variable ? bs : (std::min)(result.size() - i, bs);
      for(unsigned j = 0; j < inner_limit; ++j)
      {
         BOOST_ASSERT(i+j < result.size());
#if (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) && !defined(__GLIBCPP__)) || !BOOST_WORKAROUND(BOOST_GCC_VERSION, <= 50100)
         BOOST_ASSERT(!std::numeric_limits<double_limb_type>::is_specialized 
            || ((std::numeric_limits<double_limb_type>::max)() - carry 
                  > 
                static_cast<double_limb_type>(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::max_limb_value) * static_cast<double_limb_type>(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::max_limb_value)));
#endif
         carry += static_cast<double_limb_type>(pa[i]) * static_cast<double_limb_type>(pb[j]);
         BOOST_ASSERT(!std::numeric_limits<double_limb_type>::is_specialized || ((std::numeric_limits<double_limb_type>::max)() - carry >= pr[i+j]));
         carry += pr[i + j];
#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
         pr[i + j] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
#else
         pr[i + j] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
#endif
         carry >>= cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::limb_bits;
         BOOST_ASSERT(carry <= (cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::max_limb_value));
      }
      resize_for_carry(result, as + bs);  // May throw if checking is enabled
      if(i + bs < result.size())
         pr[i + bs] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
      carry = 0;
   }
   result.normalize();
   //
   // Set the sign of the result:
   //
   result.sign(a.sign() != b.sign());
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
    eval_multiply(result, result, a);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value>::type 
   eval_multiply(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, const limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   eval_multiply(result, result, val);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a, 
      const double_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   if(val <= (std::numeric_limits<limb_type>::max)())
   {
      eval_multiply(result, a, static_cast<limb_type>(val));
   }
   else
   {
#if defined(BOOST_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(BOOST_MP_TEST_NO_LE)
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t(val);
#else
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t;
      t = val;
#endif
      eval_multiply(result, a, t);
   }
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value>::type 
   eval_multiply(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, const double_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   eval_multiply(result, result, val);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a, 
      const signed_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   if(val > 0)
      eval_multiply(result, a, static_cast<limb_type>(val));
   else
   {
      eval_multiply(result, a, static_cast<limb_type>(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(val)));
      result.negate();
   }
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value>::type 
   eval_multiply(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, const signed_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   eval_multiply(result, result, val);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
inline typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value && !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>& a, 
      const signed_double_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   if(val > 0)
   {
      if(val <= (std::numeric_limits<limb_type>::max)())
      {
         eval_multiply(result, a, static_cast<limb_type>(val));
         return;
      }
   }
   else if(val >= -static_cast<signed_double_limb_type>((std::numeric_limits<limb_type>::max)()))
   {
      eval_multiply(result, a, static_cast<limb_type>(boost::multiprecision::detail::unsigned_abs(val)));
      result.negate();
      return;
   }
#if defined(BOOST_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(BOOST_MP_TEST_NO_LE)
   cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t(val);
#else
   cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> t;
   t = val;
#endif
   eval_multiply(result, a, t);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<!is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value>::type 
   eval_multiply(cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, const signed_double_limb_type& val) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   eval_multiply(result, result, val);
}

//
// Now over again for trivial cpp_int's:
//
template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
         is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         && is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value
         && (is_signed_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
            || is_signed_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value)
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& o) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   *result.limbs() = detail::checked_multiply(*result.limbs(), *o.limbs(), typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::checked_type());
   result.sign(result.sign() != o.sign());
   result.normalize();
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
         is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         && is_unsigned_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& o) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   *result.limbs() = detail::checked_multiply(*result.limbs(), *o.limbs(), typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::checked_type());
   result.normalize();
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
         is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         && is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value
         && (is_signed_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
            || is_signed_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value)
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& a,
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& b) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   *result.limbs() = detail::checked_multiply(*a.limbs(), *b.limbs(), typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::checked_type());
   result.sign(a.sign() != b.sign());
   result.normalize();
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
         is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         && is_unsigned_number<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& a,
      const cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& b) BOOST_MP_NOEXCEPT_IF((is_non_throwing_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value))
{
   *result.limbs() = detail::checked_multiply(*a.limbs(), *b.limbs(), typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>::checked_type());
   result.normalize();
}

//
// Special routines for multiplying two integers to obtain a multiprecision result:
//
template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
            !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      signed_double_limb_type a, signed_double_limb_type b)
{
   static const signed_double_limb_type mask = ~static_cast<limb_type>(0);
   static const unsigned limb_bits = sizeof(limb_type) * CHAR_BIT;
   bool s = false;
   double_limb_type w, x, y, z;
   if(a < 0)
   {
      a = -a;
      s = true;
   }
   if(b < 0)
   {
      b = -b;
      s = !s;
   }
   w = a & mask;
   x = a >> limb_bits;
   y = b & mask;
   z = b >> limb_bits;

   result.resize(4, 4);
   limb_type* pr = result.limbs();

   double_limb_type carry = w * y;
#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
   pr[0] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += w * z + x * y;
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += x * z;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   pr[3] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry >> limb_bits);
#else
   pr[0] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += w * z + x * y;
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += x * z;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   pr[3] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry >> limb_bits);
#endif
   result.sign(s);
   result.normalize();
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
            !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value 
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      double_limb_type a, double_limb_type b)
{
   static const signed_double_limb_type mask = ~static_cast<limb_type>(0);
   static const unsigned limb_bits = sizeof(limb_type) * CHAR_BIT;

   double_limb_type w, x, y, z;
   w = a & mask;
   x = a >> limb_bits;
   y = b & mask;
   z = b >> limb_bits;

   result.resize(4, 4);
   limb_type* pr = result.limbs();

   double_limb_type carry = w * y;
#ifdef __MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS
   pr[0] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += w * z;
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry = x * y + pr[1];
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += pr[2] + x * z;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry & ~static_cast<limb_type>(0));
   pr[3] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry >> limb_bits);
#else
   pr[0] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += w * z;
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry = x * y + pr[1];
   pr[1] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   carry >>= limb_bits;
   carry += pr[2] + x * z;
   pr[2] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry);
   pr[3] = static_cast<limb_type>(carry >> limb_bits);
#endif
   result.sign(false);
   result.normalize();
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1,
          unsigned MinBits2, unsigned MaxBits2, cpp_integer_type SignType2, cpp_int_check_type Checked2, class Allocator2>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<
            !is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::value
            && is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value
            && is_trivial_cpp_int<cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> >::value
         >::type 
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> const& a, 
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2> const& b)
{
   typedef typename boost::multiprecision::detail::canonical<typename cpp_int_backend<MinBits2, MaxBits2, SignType2, Checked2, Allocator2>::local_limb_type, cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1> >::type canonical_type;
   eval_multiply(result, static_cast<canonical_type>(*a.limbs()), static_cast<canonical_type>(*b.limbs()));
   result.sign(a.sign() != b.sign());
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, class SI>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<is_signed<SI>::value && (sizeof(SI) <= sizeof(signed_double_limb_type) / 2)>::type
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      SI a, SI b)
{
   result = static_cast<signed_double_limb_type>(a) * static_cast<signed_double_limb_type>(b);
}

template <unsigned MinBits1, unsigned MaxBits1, cpp_integer_type SignType1, cpp_int_check_type Checked1, class Allocator1, class UI>
BOOST_MP_FORCEINLINE typename enable_if_c<is_unsigned<UI>::value && (sizeof(UI) <= sizeof(signed_double_limb_type) / 2)>::type
   eval_multiply(
      cpp_int_backend<MinBits1, MaxBits1, SignType1, Checked1, Allocator1>& result, 
      UI a, UI b)
{
   result = static_cast<double_limb_type>(a) * static_cast<double_limb_type>(b);
}

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning(pop)
#endif

}}} // namespaces

#endif