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+// Boost.Geometry
+
+// Copyright (c) 2017-2018 Oracle and/or its affiliates.
+
+// Contributed and/or modified by Vissarion Fysikopoulos, on behalf of Oracle
+
+// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software License,
+// Version 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_GEOMETRY_FORMULAS_MERIDIAN_INVERSE_HPP
+#define BOOST_GEOMETRY_FORMULAS_MERIDIAN_INVERSE_HPP
+
+#include <boost/math/constants/constants.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/geometry/core/radius.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/geometry/util/condition.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/util/math.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/util/normalize_spheroidal_coordinates.hpp>
+
+#include <boost/geometry/formulas/flattening.hpp>
+#include <boost/geometry/formulas/meridian_segment.hpp>
+
+namespace boost { namespace geometry { namespace formula
+{
+
+/*!
+\brief Compute the arc length of an ellipse.
+*/
+
+template <typename CT, unsigned int Order = 1>
+class meridian_inverse
+{
+
+public :
+
+ struct result
+ {
+ result()
+ : distance(0)
+ , meridian(false)
+ {}
+
+ CT distance;
+ bool meridian;
+ };
+
+ template <typename T>
+ static bool meridian_not_crossing_pole(T lat1, T lat2, CT diff)
+ {
+ CT half_pi = math::pi<CT>()/CT(2);
+ return math::equals(diff, CT(0)) ||
+ (math::equals(lat2, half_pi) && math::equals(lat1, -half_pi));
+ }
+
+ static bool meridian_crossing_pole(CT diff)
+ {
+ return math::equals(math::abs(diff), math::pi<CT>());
+ }
+
+
+ template <typename T, typename Spheroid>
+ static CT meridian_not_crossing_pole_dist(T lat1, T lat2, Spheroid const& spheroid)
+ {
+ return math::abs(apply(lat2, spheroid) - apply(lat1, spheroid));
+ }
+
+ template <typename T, typename Spheroid>
+ static CT meridian_crossing_pole_dist(T lat1, T lat2, Spheroid const& spheroid)
+ {
+ CT c0 = 0;
+ CT half_pi = math::pi<CT>()/CT(2);
+ CT lat_sign = 1;
+ if (lat1+lat2 < c0)
+ {
+ lat_sign = CT(-1);
+ }
+ return math::abs(lat_sign * CT(2) * apply(half_pi, spheroid)
+ - apply(lat1, spheroid) - apply(lat2, spheroid));
+ }
+
+ template <typename T, typename Spheroid>
+ static result apply(T lon1, T lat1, T lon2, T lat2, Spheroid const& spheroid)
+ {
+ result res;
+
+ CT diff = geometry::math::longitude_distance_signed<geometry::radian>(lon1, lon2);
+
+ if (lat1 > lat2)
+ {
+ std::swap(lat1, lat2);
+ }
+
+ if ( meridian_not_crossing_pole(lat1, lat2, diff) )
+ {
+ res.distance = meridian_not_crossing_pole_dist(lat1, lat2, spheroid);
+ res.meridian = true;
+ }
+ else if ( meridian_crossing_pole(diff) )
+ {
+ res.distance = meridian_crossing_pole_dist(lat1, lat2, spheroid);
+ res.meridian = true;
+ }
+ return res;
+ }
+
+ // Distance computation on meridians using series approximations
+ // to elliptic integrals. Formula to compute distance from lattitude 0 to lat
+ // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_arc
+ // latitudes are assumed to be in radians and in [-pi/2,pi/2]
+ template <typename T, typename Spheroid>
+ static CT apply(T lat, Spheroid const& spheroid)
+ {
+ CT const a = get_radius<0>(spheroid);
+ CT const f = formula::flattening<CT>(spheroid);
+ CT n = f / (CT(2) - f);
+ CT M = a/(1+n);
+ CT C0 = 1;
+
+ if (Order == 0)
+ {
+ return M * C0 * lat;
+ }
+
+ CT C2 = -1.5 * n;
+
+ if (Order == 1)
+ {
+ return M * (C0 * lat + C2 * sin(2*lat));
+ }
+
+ CT n2 = n * n;
+ C0 += .25 * n2;
+ CT C4 = 0.9375 * n2;
+
+ if (Order == 2)
+ {
+ return M * (C0 * lat + C2 * sin(2*lat) + C4 * sin(4*lat));
+ }
+
+ CT n3 = n2 * n;
+ C2 += 0.1875 * n3;
+ CT C6 = -0.729166667 * n3;
+
+ if (Order == 3)
+ {
+ return M * (C0 * lat + C2 * sin(2*lat) + C4 * sin(4*lat)
+ + C6 * sin(6*lat));
+ }
+
+ CT n4 = n2 * n2;
+ C4 -= 0.234375 * n4;
+ CT C8 = 0.615234375 * n4;
+
+ if (Order == 4)
+ {
+ return M * (C0 * lat + C2 * sin(2*lat) + C4 * sin(4*lat)
+ + C6 * sin(6*lat) + C8 * sin(8*lat));
+ }
+
+ CT n5 = n4 * n;
+ C6 += 0.227864583 * n5;
+ CT C10 = -0.54140625 * n5;
+
+ // Order 5 or higher
+ return M * (C0 * lat + C2 * sin(2*lat) + C4 * sin(4*lat)
+ + C6 * sin(6*lat) + C8 * sin(8*lat) + C10 * sin(10*lat));
+
+ }
+};
+
+}}} // namespace boost::geometry::formula
+
+
+#endif // BOOST_GEOMETRY_FORMULAS_MERIDIAN_INVERSE_HPP