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+
+//          Copyright Oliver Kowalke 2016.
+// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
+//    (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
+//          http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+
+#ifndef BOOST_FIBERS_spinlock_ttas_futex_FUTEX_H
+#define BOOST_FIBERS_spinlock_ttas_futex_FUTEX_H
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <random>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <boost/fiber/detail/config.hpp>
+#include <boost/fiber/detail/cpu_relax.hpp>
+#include <boost/fiber/detail/futex.hpp>
+
+// based on informations from:
+// https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/benefitting-power-and-performance-sleep-loops
+// https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/long-duration-spin-wait-loops-on-hyper-threading-technology-enabled-intel-processors
+
+namespace boost {
+namespace fibers {
+namespace detail {
+
+class spinlock_ttas_futex {
+private:
+    // align shared variable 'value_' at cache line to prevent false sharing
+    alignas(cache_alignment) std::atomic< std::int32_t >    value_{ 0 };
+    // padding to avoid other data one the cacheline of shared variable 'value_'
+    char                                                    pad_[cacheline_length];
+
+public:
+    spinlock_ttas_futex() noexcept = default;
+
+    spinlock_ttas_futex( spinlock_ttas_futex const&) = delete;
+    spinlock_ttas_futex & operator=( spinlock_ttas_futex const&) = delete;
+
+    void lock() noexcept {
+        std::int32_t collisions = 0, tests = 0, expected = 0;
+        // after max. spins or collisions suspend via futex
+        while ( BOOST_FIBERS_SPIN_MAX_TESTS > tests && BOOST_FIBERS_SPIN_MAX_COLLISIONS > collisions) {
+            // avoid using multiple pause instructions for a delay of a specific cycle count
+            // the delay of cpu_relax() (pause on Intel) depends on the processor family
+            // the cycle count can not guaranteed from one system to the next
+            // -> check the shared variable 'value_' in between each cpu_relax() to prevent
+            //    unnecessarily long delays on some systems
+            // test shared variable 'status_'
+            // first access to 'value_' -> chache miss
+            // sucessive acccess to 'value_' -> cache hit
+            // if 'value_' was released by other fiber
+            // cached 'value_' is invalidated -> cache miss
+            if ( 0 != ( expected = value_.load( std::memory_order_relaxed) ) ) {
+                ++tests;
+#if !defined(BOOST_FIBERS_SPIN_SINGLE_CORE)
+                // give CPU a hint that this thread is in a "spin-wait" loop
+                // delays the next instruction's execution for a finite period of time (depends on processor family)
+                // the CPU is not under demand, parts of the pipeline are no longer being used
+                // -> reduces the power consumed by the CPU
+                cpu_relax();
+#else
+                // std::this_thread::yield() allows this_thread to give up the remaining part of its time slice,
+                // but only to another thread on the same processor
+                // instead of constant checking, a thread only checks if no other useful work is pending
+                std::this_thread::yield();
+#endif
+            } else if ( ! value_.compare_exchange_strong( expected, 1, std::memory_order_acquire, std::memory_order_release) ) {
+                // spinlock now contended
+                // utilize 'Binary Exponential Backoff' algorithm
+                // linear_congruential_engine is a random number engine based on Linear congruential generator (LCG)
+                static thread_local std::minstd_rand generator;
+                const std::int32_t z = std::uniform_int_distribution< std::int32_t >{
+                    0, static_cast< std::int32_t >( 1) << collisions }( generator);
+                ++collisions;
+                for ( std::int32_t i = 0; i < z; ++i) {
+                    cpu_relax();
+                }
+            } else {
+                // success, lock acquired
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        // failure, lock not acquired
+        // pause via futex
+        if ( 2 != expected) {
+            expected = value_.exchange( 2, std::memory_order_acquire);
+        }
+        while ( 0 != expected) {
+            futex_wait( & value_, 2);
+            expected = value_.exchange( 2, std::memory_order_acquire);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void unlock() noexcept {
+        if ( 1 != value_.fetch_sub( 1, std::memory_order_acquire) ) {
+            value_.store( 0, std::memory_order_release);
+            futex_wake( & value_);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+}}}
+
+#endif // BOOST_FIBERS_spinlock_ttas_futex_FUTEX_H