diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
67 files changed, 3727 insertions, 383 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd index 03dbd883cc41..bf9c16b64c34 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/debugfs-pktcdvd @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ What: /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7] Date: Oct. 2006 -KernelVersion: 2.6.19 +KernelVersion: 2.6.20 Contact: Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de> Description: @@ -11,8 +11,7 @@ The pktcdvd module (packet writing driver) creates these files in debugfs: /debug/pktcdvd/pktcdvd[0-7]/ - info (0444) Lots of human readable driver - statistics and infos. Multiple lines! + info (0444) Lots of driver statistics and infos. Example: ------- diff --git a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd index c4c55edc9a5c..b1c3f0263359 100644 --- a/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd +++ b/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-class-pktcdvd @@ -1,6 +1,6 @@ What: /sys/class/pktcdvd/ Date: Oct. 2006 -KernelVersion: 2.6.19 +KernelVersion: 2.6.20 Contact: Thomas Maier <balagi@justmail.de> Description: diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl index a34442436128..e7fc96433408 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/gadget.tmpl @@ -482,13 +482,13 @@ slightly. <para>Gadget drivers rely on common USB structures and constants defined in the -<filename><linux/usb_ch9.h></filename> +<filename><linux/usb/ch9.h></filename> header file, which is standard in Linux 2.6 kernels. These are the same types and constants used by host side drivers (and usbcore). </para> -!Iinclude/linux/usb_ch9.h +!Iinclude/linux/usb/ch9.h </sect1> <sect1 id="core"><title>Core Objects and Methods</title> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl index 3fa0c4b4541e..0bb90237e230 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/kernel-api.tmpl @@ -316,6 +316,9 @@ X!Earch/i386/kernel/mca.c <sect1><title>DMI Interfaces</title> !Edrivers/firmware/dmi_scan.c </sect1> + <sect1><title>EDD Interfaces</title> +!Idrivers/firmware/edd.c + </sect1> </chapter> <chapter id="security"> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl b/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl index 3ccce886c349..974e17ccf106 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/stylesheet.xsl @@ -4,4 +4,5 @@ <param name="funcsynopsis.style">ansi</param> <param name="funcsynopsis.tabular.threshold">80</param> <!-- <param name="paper.type">A4</param> --> +<param name="generate.section.toc.level">2</param> </stylesheet> diff --git a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl b/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl index 143e5ff7deb8..a2ebd651b05a 100644 --- a/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/DocBook/usb.tmpl @@ -187,13 +187,13 @@ <chapter><title>USB-Standard Types</title> - <para>In <filename><linux/usb_ch9.h></filename> you will find + <para>In <filename><linux/usb/ch9.h></filename> you will find the USB data types defined in chapter 9 of the USB specification. These data types are used throughout USB, and in APIs including this host side API, gadget APIs, and usbfs. </para> -!Iinclude/linux/usb_ch9.h +!Iinclude/linux/usb/ch9.h </chapter> @@ -574,7 +574,7 @@ for (;;) { #include <asm/byteorder.h></programlisting> The standard USB device model requests, from "Chapter 9" of the USB 2.0 specification, are automatically included from - the <filename><linux/usb_ch9.h></filename> header. + the <filename><linux/usb/ch9.h></filename> header. </para> <para>Unless noted otherwise, the ioctl requests diff --git a/Documentation/HOWTO b/Documentation/HOWTO index 8d51c148f721..48123dba5e6a 100644 --- a/Documentation/HOWTO +++ b/Documentation/HOWTO @@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ are not a good substitute for a solid C education and/or years of experience, the following books are good for, if anything, reference: - "The C Programming Language" by Kernighan and Ritchie [Prentice Hall] - "Practical C Programming" by Steve Oualline [O'Reilly] + - "C: A Reference Manual" by Harbison and Steele [Prentice Hall] The kernel is written using GNU C and the GNU toolchain. While it adheres to the ISO C89 standard, it uses a number of extensions that are diff --git a/Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt b/Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 38040fa37649..000000000000 --- a/Documentation/acpi-hotkey.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,38 +0,0 @@ -driver/acpi/hotkey.c implement: -1. /proc/acpi/hotkey/event_config -(event based hotkey or event config interface): -a. add a event based hotkey(event) : -echo "0:bus::action:method:num:num" > event_config - -b. delete a event based hotkey(event): -echo "1:::::num:num" > event_config - -c. modify a event based hotkey(event): -echo "2:bus::action:method:num:num" > event_config - -2. /proc/acpi/hotkey/poll_config -(polling based hotkey or event config interface): -a.add a polling based hotkey(event) : -echo "0:bus:method:action:method:num" > poll_config -this adding command will create a proc file -/proc/acpi/hotkey/method, which is used to get -result of polling. - -b.delete a polling based hotkey(event): -echo "1:::::num" > event_config - -c.modify a polling based hotkey(event): -echo "2:bus:method:action:method:num" > poll_config - -3./proc/acpi/hotkey/action -(interface to call aml method associated with a -specific hotkey(event)) -echo "event_num:event_type:event_argument" > - /proc/acpi/hotkey/action. -The result of the execution of this aml method is -attached to /proc/acpi/hotkey/poll_method, which is dynamically -created. Please use command "cat /proc/acpi/hotkey/polling_method" -to retrieve it. - -Note: Use cmdline "acpi_generic_hotkey" to over-ride -platform-specific with generic driver. diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..3572b98f45b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b @@ -0,0 +1,105 @@ + =================================== + cfag12864b LCD Driver Documentation + =================================== + +License: GPLv2 +Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> +Date: 2006-10-27 + + + +-------- +0. INDEX +-------- + + 1. DRIVER INFORMATION + 2. DEVICE INFORMATION + 3. WIRING + 4. USERSPACE PROGRAMMING + + +--------------------- +1. DRIVER INFORMATION +--------------------- + +This driver support one cfag12864b display at time. + + +--------------------- +2. DEVICE INFORMATION +--------------------- + +Manufacturer: Crystalfontz +Device Name: Crystalfontz 12864b LCD Series +Device Code: cfag12864b +Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com +Device Webpage: http://www.crystalfontz.com/products/12864b/ +Type: LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) +Width: 128 +Height: 64 +Colors: 2 (B/N) +Controller: ks0108 +Controllers: 2 +Pages: 8 each controller +Addresses: 64 each page +Data size: 1 byte each address +Memory size: 2 * 8 * 64 * 1 = 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte + + +--------- +3. WIRING +--------- + +The cfag12864b LCD Series don't have official wiring. + +The common wiring is done to the parallel port as shown: + +Parallel Port cfag12864b + + Name Pin# Pin# Name + +Strobe ( 1)------------------------------(17) Enable +Data 0 ( 2)------------------------------( 4) Data 0 +Data 1 ( 3)------------------------------( 5) Data 1 +Data 2 ( 4)------------------------------( 6) Data 2 +Data 3 ( 5)------------------------------( 7) Data 3 +Data 4 ( 6)------------------------------( 8) Data 4 +Data 5 ( 7)------------------------------( 9) Data 5 +Data 6 ( 8)------------------------------(10) Data 6 +Data 7 ( 9)------------------------------(11) Data 7 + (10) [+5v]---( 1) Vdd + (11) [GND]---( 2) Ground + (12) [+5v]---(14) Reset + (13) [GND]---(15) Read / Write + Line (14)------------------------------(13) Controller Select 1 + (15) + Init (16)------------------------------(12) Controller Select 2 +Select (17)------------------------------(16) Data / Instruction +Ground (18)---[GND] [+5v]---(19) LED + +Ground (19)---[GND] +Ground (20)---[GND] E A Values: +Ground (21)---[GND] [GND]---[P1]---(18) Vee · R = Resistor = 22 ohm +Ground (22)---[GND] | · P1 = Preset = 10 Kohm +Ground (23)---[GND] ---- S ------( 3) V0 · P2 = Preset = 1 Kohm +Ground (24)---[GND] | | +Ground (25)---[GND] [GND]---[P2]---[R]---(20) LED - + + +------------------------ +4. USERSPACE PROGRAMMING +------------------------ + +The cfag12864bfb describes a framebuffer device (/dev/fbX). + +It has a size of 1024 bytes = 1 Kbyte. +Each bit represents one pixel. If the bit is high, the pixel will +turn on. If the pixel is low, the pixel will turn off. + +You can use the framebuffer as a file: fopen, fwrite, fclose... +Although the LCD won't get updated until the next refresh time arrives. + +Also, you can mmap the framebuffer: open & mmap, munmap & close... +which is the best option for most uses. + +Check Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c +for a real working userspace complete program with usage examples. diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7bfac354d4c9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b-example.c @@ -0,0 +1,282 @@ +/* + * Filename: cfag12864b-example.c + * Version: 0.1.0 + * Description: cfag12864b LCD userspace example program + * License: GPLv2 + * + * Author: Copyright (C) Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> + * Date: 2006-10-31 + * + * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify + * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as + * published by the Free Software Foundation. + * + * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, + * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of + * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the + * GNU General Public License for more details. + * + * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License + * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software + * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA + * + */ + +/* + * ------------------------ + * start of cfag12864b code + * ------------------------ + */ + +#include <string.h> +#include <fcntl.h> +#include <unistd.h> +#include <sys/types.h> +#include <sys/stat.h> +#include <sys/mman.h> + +#define CFAG12864B_WIDTH (128) +#define CFAG12864B_HEIGHT (64) +#define CFAG12864B_SIZE (128 * 64 / 8) +#define CFAG12864B_BPB (8) +#define CFAG12864B_ADDRESS(x, y) ((y) * CFAG12864B_WIDTH / \ + CFAG12864B_BPB + (x) / CFAG12864B_BPB) +#define CFAG12864B_BIT(n) (((unsigned char) 1) << (n)) + +#undef CFAG12864B_DOCHECK +#ifdef CFAG12864B_DOCHECK + #define CFAG12864B_CHECK(x, y) ((x) < CFAG12864B_WIDTH && \ + (y) < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT) +#else + #define CFAG12864B_CHECK(x, y) (1) +#endif + +int cfag12864b_fd; +unsigned char * cfag12864b_mem; +unsigned char cfag12864b_buffer[CFAG12864B_SIZE]; + +/* + * init a cfag12864b framebuffer device + * + * No error: return = 0 + * Unable to open: return = -1 + * Unable to mmap: return = -2 + */ +int cfag12864b_init(char *path) +{ + cfag12864b_fd = open(path, O_RDWR); + if (cfag12864b_fd == -1) + return -1; + + cfag12864b_mem = mmap(0, CFAG12864B_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_SHARED, cfag12864b_fd, 0); + if (cfag12864b_mem == MAP_FAILED) { + close(cfag12864b_fd); + return -2; + } + + return 0; +} + +/* + * exit a cfag12864b framebuffer device + */ +void cfag12864b_exit(void) +{ + munmap(cfag12864b_mem, CFAG12864B_SIZE); + close(cfag12864b_fd); +} + +/* + * set (x, y) pixel + */ +void cfag12864b_set(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) +{ + if (CFAG12864B_CHECK(x, y)) + cfag12864b_buffer[CFAG12864B_ADDRESS(x, y)] |= + CFAG12864B_BIT(x % CFAG12864B_BPB); +} + +/* + * unset (x, y) pixel + */ +void cfag12864b_unset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) +{ + if (CFAG12864B_CHECK(x, y)) + cfag12864b_buffer[CFAG12864B_ADDRESS(x, y)] &= + ~CFAG12864B_BIT(x % CFAG12864B_BPB); +} + +/* + * is set (x, y) pixel? + * + * Pixel off: return = 0 + * Pixel on: return = 1 + */ +unsigned char cfag12864b_isset(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) +{ + if (CFAG12864B_CHECK(x, y)) + if (cfag12864b_buffer[CFAG12864B_ADDRESS(x, y)] & + CFAG12864B_BIT(x % CFAG12864B_BPB)) + return 1; + + return 0; +} + +/* + * not (x, y) pixel + */ +void cfag12864b_not(unsigned char x, unsigned char y) +{ + if (cfag12864b_isset(x, y)) + cfag12864b_unset(x, y); + else + cfag12864b_set(x, y); +} + +/* + * fill (set all pixels) + */ +void cfag12864b_fill(void) +{ + unsigned short i; + + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_SIZE; i++) + cfag12864b_buffer[i] = 0xFF; +} + +/* + * clear (unset all pixels) + */ +void cfag12864b_clear(void) +{ + unsigned short i; + + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_SIZE; i++) + cfag12864b_buffer[i] = 0; +} + +/* + * format a [128*64] matrix + * + * Pixel off: src[i] = 0 + * Pixel on: src[i] > 0 + */ +void cfag12864b_format(unsigned char * matrix) +{ + unsigned char i, j, n; + + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT; i++) + for (j = 0; j < CFAG12864B_WIDTH / CFAG12864B_BPB; j++) { + cfag12864b_buffer[i * CFAG12864B_WIDTH / CFAG12864B_BPB + + j] = 0; + for (n = 0; n < CFAG12864B_BPB; n++) + if (matrix[i * CFAG12864B_WIDTH + + j * CFAG12864B_BPB + n]) + cfag12864b_buffer[i * CFAG12864B_WIDTH / + CFAG12864B_BPB + j] |= + CFAG12864B_BIT(n); + } +} + +/* + * blit buffer to lcd + */ +void cfag12864b_blit(void) +{ + memcpy(cfag12864b_mem, cfag12864b_buffer, CFAG12864B_SIZE); +} + +/* + * ---------------------- + * end of cfag12864b code + * ---------------------- + */ + +#include <stdio.h> +#include <string.h> + +#define EXAMPLES 6 + +void example(unsigned char n) +{ + unsigned short i, j; + unsigned char matrix[CFAG12864B_WIDTH * CFAG12864B_HEIGHT]; + + if (n > EXAMPLES) + return; + + printf("Example %i/%i - ", n, EXAMPLES); + + switch (n) { + case 1: + printf("Draw points setting bits"); + cfag12864b_clear(); + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_WIDTH; i += 2) + for (j = 0; j < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT; j += 2) + cfag12864b_set(i, j); + break; + + case 2: + printf("Clear the LCD"); + cfag12864b_clear(); + break; + + case 3: + printf("Draw rows formatting a [128*64] matrix"); + memset(matrix, 0, CFAG12864B_WIDTH * CFAG12864B_HEIGHT); + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_WIDTH; i++) + for (j = 0; j < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT; j += 2) + matrix[j * CFAG12864B_WIDTH + i] = 1; + cfag12864b_format(matrix); + break; + + case 4: + printf("Fill the lcd"); + cfag12864b_fill(); + break; + + case 5: + printf("Draw columns unsetting bits"); + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_WIDTH; i += 2) + for (j = 0; j < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT; j++) + cfag12864b_unset(i, j); + break; + + case 6: + printf("Do negative not-ing all bits"); + for (i = 0; i < CFAG12864B_WIDTH; i++) + for (j = 0; j < CFAG12864B_HEIGHT; j ++) + cfag12864b_not(i, j); + break; + } + + puts(" - [Press Enter]"); +} + +int main(int argc, char *argv[]) +{ + unsigned char n; + + if (argc != 2) { + printf( + "Sintax: %s fbdev\n" + "Usually: /dev/fb0, /dev/fb1...\n", argv[0]); + return -1; + } + + if (cfag12864b_init(argv[1])) { + printf("Can't init %s fbdev\n", argv[1]); + return -2; + } + + for (n = 1; n <= EXAMPLES; n++) { + example(n); + cfag12864b_blit(); + while (getchar() != '\n'); + } + + cfag12864b_exit(); + + return 0; +} diff --git a/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108 b/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108 new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..92b03b60c613 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/auxdisplay/ks0108 @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ + ========================================== + ks0108 LCD Controller Driver Documentation + ========================================== + +License: GPLv2 +Author & Maintainer: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com> +Date: 2006-10-27 + + + +-------- +0. INDEX +-------- + + 1. DRIVER INFORMATION + 2. DEVICE INFORMATION + 3. WIRING + + +--------------------- +1. DRIVER INFORMATION +--------------------- + +This driver support the ks0108 LCD controller. + + +--------------------- +2. DEVICE INFORMATION +--------------------- + +Manufacturer: Samsung +Device Name: KS0108 LCD Controller +Device Code: ks0108 +Webpage: - +Device Webpage: - +Type: LCD Controller (Liquid Crystal Display Controller) +Width: 64 +Height: 64 +Colors: 2 (B/N) +Pages: 8 +Addresses: 64 each page +Data size: 1 byte each address +Memory size: 8 * 64 * 1 = 512 bytes + + +--------- +3. WIRING +--------- + +The driver supports data parallel port wiring. + +If you aren't building LCD related hardware, you should check +your LCD specific wiring information in the same folder. + +For example, check Documentation/auxdisplay/cfag12864b. diff --git a/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt b/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt index 7715d2247c4d..cf1f8126991c 100644 --- a/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt +++ b/Documentation/cdrom/packet-writing.txt @@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ Notes Using the pktcdvd sysfs interface --------------------------------- -Since Linux 2.6.19, the pktcdvd module has a sysfs interface +Since Linux 2.6.20, the pktcdvd module has a sysfs interface and can be controlled by it. For example the "pktcdvd" tool uses this interface. (see http://people.freenet.de/BalaGi#pktcdvd ) diff --git a/Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt b/Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt index 5a03a2801d67..e41a79aa71ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt +++ b/Documentation/crypto/api-intro.txt @@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ Original developers of the crypto algorithms: Kartikey Mahendra Bhatt (CAST6) Jon Oberheide (ARC4) Jouni Malinen (Michael MIC) + NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia) SHA1 algorithm contributors: Jean-Francois Dive @@ -246,6 +247,9 @@ Tiger algorithm contributors: VIA PadLock contributors: Michal Ludvig +Camellia algorithm contributors: + NTT(Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation) (Camellia) + Generic scatterwalk code by Adam J. Richter <adam@yggdrasil.com> Please send any credits updates or corrections to: diff --git a/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt b/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..5163b85308f5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/driver-model/devres.txt @@ -0,0 +1,268 @@ +Devres - Managed Device Resource +================================ + +Tejun Heo <teheo@suse.de> + +First draft 10 January 2007 + + +1. Intro : Huh? Devres? +2. Devres : Devres in a nutshell +3. Devres Group : Group devres'es and release them together +4. Details : Life time rules, calling context, ... +5. Overhead : How much do we have to pay for this? +6. List of managed interfaces : Currently implemented managed interfaces + + + 1. Intro + -------- + +devres came up while trying to convert libata to use iomap. Each +iomapped address should be kept and unmapped on driver detach. For +example, a plain SFF ATA controller (that is, good old PCI IDE) in +native mode makes use of 5 PCI BARs and all of them should be +maintained. + +As with many other device drivers, libata low level drivers have +sufficient bugs in ->remove and ->probe failure path. Well, yes, +that's probably because libata low level driver developers are lazy +bunch, but aren't all low level driver developers? After spending a +day fiddling with braindamaged hardware with no document or +braindamaged document, if it's finally working, well, it's working. + +For one reason or another, low level drivers don't receive as much +attention or testing as core code, and bugs on driver detach or +initilaization failure doesn't happen often enough to be noticeable. +Init failure path is worse because it's much less travelled while +needs to handle multiple entry points. + +So, many low level drivers end up leaking resources on driver detach +and having half broken failure path implementation in ->probe() which +would leak resources or even cause oops when failure occurs. iomap +adds more to this mix. So do msi and msix. + + + 2. Devres + --------- + +devres is basically linked list of arbitrarily sized memory areas +associated with a struct device. Each devres entry is associated with +a release function. A devres can be released in several ways. No +matter what, all devres entries are released on driver detach. On +release, the associated release function is invoked and then the +devres entry is freed. + +Managed interface is created for resources commonly used by device +drivers using devres. For example, coherent DMA memory is acquired +using dma_alloc_coherent(). The managed version is called +dmam_alloc_coherent(). It is identical to dma_alloc_coherent() except +for the DMA memory allocated using it is managed and will be +automatically released on driver detach. Implementation looks like +the following. + + struct dma_devres { + size_t size; + void *vaddr; + dma_addr_t dma_handle; + }; + + static void dmam_coherent_release(struct device *dev, void *res) + { + struct dma_devres *this = res; + + dma_free_coherent(dev, this->size, this->vaddr, this->dma_handle); + } + + dmam_alloc_coherent(dev, size, dma_handle, gfp) + { + struct dma_devres *dr; + void *vaddr; + + dr = devres_alloc(dmam_coherent_release, sizeof(*dr), gfp); + ... + + /* alloc DMA memory as usual */ + vaddr = dma_alloc_coherent(...); + ... + + /* record size, vaddr, dma_handle in dr */ + dr->vaddr = vaddr; + ... + + devres_add(dev, dr); + + return vaddr; + } + +If a driver uses dmam_alloc_coherent(), the area is guaranteed to be +freed whether initialization fails half-way or the device gets +detached. If most resources are acquired using managed interface, a +driver can have much simpler init and exit code. Init path basically +looks like the following. + + my_init_one() + { + struct mydev *d; + + d = devm_kzalloc(dev, sizeof(*d), GFP_KERNEL); + if (!d) + return -ENOMEM; + + d->ring = dmam_alloc_coherent(...); + if (!d->ring) + return -ENOMEM; + + if (check something) + return -EINVAL; + ... + + return register_to_upper_layer(d); + } + +And exit path, + + my_remove_one() + { + unregister_from_upper_layer(d); + shutdown_my_hardware(); + } + +As shown above, low level drivers can be simplified a lot by using +devres. Complexity is shifted from less maintained low level drivers +to better maintained higher layer. Also, as init failure path is +shared with exit path, both can get more testing. + + + 3. Devres group + --------------- + +Devres entries can be grouped using devres group. When a group is +released, all contained normal devres entries and properly nested +groups are released. One usage is to rollback series of acquired +resources on failure. For example, + + if (!devres_open_group(dev, NULL, GFP_KERNEL)) + return -ENOMEM; + + acquire A; + if (failed) + goto err; + + acquire B; + if (failed) + goto err; + ... + + devres_remove_group(dev, NULL); + return 0; + + err: + devres_release_group(dev, NULL); + return err_code; + +As resource acquision failure usually means probe failure, constructs +like above are usually useful in midlayer driver (e.g. libata core +layer) where interface function shouldn't have side effect on failure. +For LLDs, just returning error code suffices in most cases. + +Each group is identified by void *id. It can either be explicitly +specified by @id argument to devres_open_group() or automatically +created by passing NULL as @id as in the above example. In both +cases, devres_open_group() returns the group's id. The returned id +can be passed to other devres functions to select the target group. +If NULL is given to those functions, the latest open group is +selected. + +For example, you can do something like the following. + + int my_midlayer_create_something() + { + if (!devres_open_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_something, GFP_KERNEL)) + return -ENOMEM; + + ... + + devres_close_group(dev, my_midlayer_something); + return 0; + } + + void my_midlayer_destroy_something() + { + devres_release_group(dev, my_midlayer_create_soemthing); + } + + + 4. Details + ---------- + +Lifetime of a devres entry begins on devres allocation and finishes +when it is released or destroyed (removed and freed) - no reference +counting. + +devres core guarantees atomicity to all basic devres operations and +has support for single-instance devres types (atomic +lookup-and-add-if-not-found). Other than that, synchronizing +concurrent accesses to allocated devres data is caller's +responsibility. This is usually non-issue because bus ops and +resource allocations already do the job. + +For an example of single-instance devres type, read pcim_iomap_table() +in lib/iomap.c. + +All devres interface functions can be called without context if the +right gfp mask is given. + + + 5. Overhead + ----------- + +Each devres bookkeeping info is allocated together with requested data +area. With debug option turned off, bookkeeping info occupies 16 +bytes on 32bit machines and 24 bytes on 64bit (three pointers rounded +up to ull alignment). If singly linked list is used, it can be +reduced to two pointers (8 bytes on 32bit, 16 bytes on 64bit). + +Each devres group occupies 8 pointers. It can be reduced to 6 if +singly linked list is used. + +Memory space overhead on ahci controller with two ports is between 300 +and 400 bytes on 32bit machine after naive conversion (we can +certainly invest a bit more effort into libata core layer). + + + 6. List of managed interfaces + ----------------------------- + +IO region + devm_request_region() + devm_request_mem_region() + devm_release_region() + devm_release_mem_region() + +IRQ + devm_request_irq() + devm_free_irq() + +DMA + dmam_alloc_coherent() + dmam_free_coherent() + dmam_alloc_noncoherent() + dmam_free_noncoherent() + dmam_declare_coherent_memory() + dmam_pool_create() + dmam_pool_destroy() + +PCI + pcim_enable_device() : after success, all PCI ops become managed + pcim_pin_device() : keep PCI device enabled after release + +IOMAP + devm_ioport_map() + devm_ioport_unmap() + devm_ioremap() + devm_ioremap_nocache() + devm_iounmap() + pcim_iomap() + pcim_iounmap() + pcim_iomap_table() : array of mapped addresses indexed by BAR + pcim_iomap_regions() : do request_region() and iomap() on multiple BARs diff --git a/Documentation/drivers/edac/edac.txt b/Documentation/drivers/edac/edac.txt index 7b3d969d2964..3c5a9e4297b4 100644 --- a/Documentation/drivers/edac/edac.txt +++ b/Documentation/drivers/edac/edac.txt @@ -339,7 +339,21 @@ Device Symlink: 'device' - Symlink to the memory controller device + Symlink to the memory controller device. + +Sdram memory scrubbing rate: + + 'sdram_scrub_rate' + + Read/Write attribute file that controls memory scrubbing. The scrubbing + rate is set by writing a minimum bandwith in bytes/sec to the attribute + file. The rate will be translated to an internal value that gives at + least the specified rate. + + Reading the file will return the actual scrubbing rate employed. + + If configuration fails or memory scrubbing is not implemented, the value + of the attribute file will be -1. diff --git a/Documentation/fb/s3fb.txt b/Documentation/fb/s3fb.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..8a04c0da0c91 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/fb/s3fb.txt @@ -0,0 +1,78 @@ + + s3fb - fbdev driver for S3 Trio/Virge chips + =========================================== + + +Supported Hardware +================== + + S3 Trio32 + S3 Trio64 (and variants V+, UV+, V2/DX, V2/GX) + S3 Virge (and variants VX, DX, GX and GX2+) + S3 Plato/PX (completely untested) + S3 Aurora64V+ (completely untested) + + - only PCI bus supported + - only BIOS initialized VGA devices supported + - probably not working on big endian + +I tested s3fb on Trio64 (plain, V+ and V2/DX) and Virge (plain, VX, DX), +all on i386. + + +Supported Features +================== + + * 4 bpp pseudocolor modes (with 18bit palette, two variants) + * 8 bpp pseudocolor mode (with 18bit palette) + * 16 bpp truecolor modes (RGB 555 and RGB 565) + * 24 bpp truecolor mode (RGB 888) on (only on Virge VX) + * 32 bpp truecolor mode (RGB 888) on (not on Virge VX) + * text mode (activated by bpp = 0) + * interlaced mode variant (not available in text mode) + * doublescan mode variant (not available in text mode) + * panning in both directions + * suspend/resume support + * DPMS support + +Text mode is supported even in higher resolutions, but there is limitation +to lower pixclocks (maximum between 50-60 MHz, depending on specific hardware). +This limitation is not enforced by driver. Text mode supports 8bit wide fonts +only (hardware limitation) and 16bit tall fonts (driver limitation). + +There are two 4 bpp modes. First mode (selected if nonstd == 0) is mode with +packed pixels, high nibble first. Second mode (selected if nonstd == 1) is mode +with interleaved planes (1 byte interleave), MSB first. Both modes support +8bit wide fonts only (driver limitation). + +Suspend/resume works on systems that initialize video card during resume and +if device is active (for example used by fbcon). + + +Missing Features +================ +(alias TODO list) + + * secondary (not initialized by BIOS) device support + * big endian support + * Zorro bus support + * MMIO support + * 24 bpp mode support on more cards + * support for fontwidths != 8 in 4 bpp modes + * support for fontheight != 16 in text mode + * composite and external sync (is anyone able to test this?) + * hardware cursor + * video overlay support + * vsync synchronization + * feature connector support + * acceleration support (8514-like 2D, Virge 3D, busmaster transfers) + * better values for some magic registers (performance issues) + + +Known bugs +========== + + * cursor disable in text mode doesn't work + +-- +Ondrej Zajicek <santiago@crfreenet.org> diff --git a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt index 0ba6af02cdaf..28f897fd3674 100644 --- a/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt +++ b/Documentation/feature-removal-schedule.txt @@ -50,22 +50,6 @@ Who: Dan Dennedy <dan@dennedy.org>, Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> --------------------------- -What: ieee1394 core's unused exports (CONFIG_IEEE1394_EXPORT_FULL_API) -When: January 2007 -Why: There are no projects known to use these exported symbols, except - dfg1394 (uses one symbol whose functionality is core-internal now). -Who: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> - ---------------------------- - -What: ieee1394's *_oui sysfs attributes (CONFIG_IEEE1394_OUI_DB) -When: January 2007 -Files: drivers/ieee1394/: oui.db, oui2c.sh -Why: big size, little value -Who: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de> - ---------------------------- - What: Video4Linux API 1 ioctls and video_decoder.h from Video devices. When: December 2006 Why: V4L1 AP1 was replaced by V4L2 API. during migration from 2.4 to 2.6 @@ -186,18 +170,6 @@ Who: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de> --------------------------- -What: find_trylock_page -When: January 2007 -Why: The interface no longer has any callers left in the kernel. It - is an odd interface (compared with other find_*_page functions), in - that it does not take a refcount to the page, only the page lock. - It should be replaced with find_get_page or find_lock_page if possible. - This feature removal can be reevaluated if users of the interface - cannot cleanly use something else. -Who: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> - ---------------------------- - What: Interrupt only SA_* flags When: Januar 2007 Why: The interrupt related SA_* flags are replaced by IRQF_* to move them @@ -243,6 +215,13 @@ Who: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>, --------------------------- +What: drivers depending on OBSOLETE_OSS +When: options in 2.6.22, code in 2.6.24 +Why: OSS drivers with ALSA replacements +Who: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> + +--------------------------- + What: IPv4 only connection tracking/NAT/helpers When: 2.6.22 Why: The new layer 3 independant connection tracking replaces the old @@ -274,28 +253,6 @@ Who: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venkatesh.pallipadi@intel.com> --------------------------- -What: ACPI hotkey driver (CONFIG_ACPI_HOTKEY) -When: 2.6.21 -Why: hotkey.c was an attempt to consolidate multiple drivers that use - ACPI to implement hotkeys. However, hotkeys are not documented - in the ACPI specification, so the drivers used undocumented - vendor-specific hooks and turned out to be more different than - the same. - - Further, the keys and the features supplied by each platform - are different, so there will always be a need for - platform-specific drivers. - - So the new plan is to delete hotkey.c and instead, work on the - platform specific drivers to try to make them look the same - to the user when they supply the same features. - - hotkey.c has always depended on CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL - -Who: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> - ---------------------------- - What: /sys/firmware/acpi/namespace When: 2.6.21 Why: The ACPI namespace is effectively the symbol list for @@ -306,11 +263,18 @@ Why: The ACPI namespace is effectively the symbol list for the BIOS can be extracted and disassembled with acpidump and iasl as documented in the pmtools package here: http://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/lenb/acpi/utils - Who: Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com> --------------------------- +What: ACPI procfs interface +When: July 2007 +Why: After ACPI sysfs conversion, ACPI attributes will be duplicated + in sysfs and the ACPI procfs interface should be removed. +Who: Zhang Rui <rui.zhang@intel.com> + +--------------------------- + What: /proc/acpi/button When: August 2007 Why: /proc/acpi/button has been replaced by events to the input layer @@ -325,3 +289,25 @@ Why: Unmaintained for years, superceded by JFFS2 for years. Who: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org> --------------------------- + +What: sk98lin network driver +When: July 2007 +Why: In kernel tree version of driver is unmaintained. Sk98lin driver + replaced by the skge driver. +Who: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> + +--------------------------- + +What: Compaq touchscreen device emulation +When: Oct 2007 +Files: drivers/input/tsdev.c +Why: The code says it was obsolete when it was written in 2001. + tslib is a userspace library which does anything tsdev can do and + much more besides in userspace where this code belongs. There is no + longer any need for tsdev and applications should have converted to + use tslib by now. + The name "tsdev" is also extremely confusing and lots of people have + it loaded when they don't need/use it. +Who: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@rpsys.net> + +--------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/relay.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/relay.txt index d6788dae0349..7fbb6ffe5769 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/relay.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/relay.txt @@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ TBD(curr. line MT:/API/) channel management functions: relay_open(base_filename, parent, subbuf_size, n_subbufs, - callbacks) + callbacks, private_data) relay_close(chan) relay_flush(chan) relay_reset(chan) @@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ static struct rchan_callbacks relay_callbacks = And an example relay_open() invocation using them: - chan = relay_open("cpu", NULL, SUBBUF_SIZE, N_SUBBUFS, &relay_callbacks); + chan = relay_open("cpu", NULL, SUBBUF_SIZE, N_SUBBUFS, &relay_callbacks, NULL); If the create_buf_file() callback fails, or isn't defined, channel creation and thus relay_open() will fail. @@ -289,6 +289,11 @@ they use the proper locking for such a buffer, either by wrapping writes in a spinlock, or by copying a write function from relay.h and creating a local version that internally does the proper locking. +The private_data passed into relay_open() allows clients to associate +user-defined data with a channel, and is immediately available +(including in create_buf_file()) via chan->private_data or +buf->chan->private_data. + Channel 'modes' --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/ufs.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/ufs.txt index 2b5a56a6a558..7a602adeca2b 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/ufs.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/ufs.txt @@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ ufstype=type_of_ufs supported as read-write ufs2 used in FreeBSD 5.x - supported as read-only + supported as read-write 5xbsd synonym for ufs2 @@ -50,12 +50,11 @@ ufstype=type_of_ufs POSSIBLE PROBLEMS ================= -There is still bug in reallocation of fragment, in file fs/ufs/balloc.c, -line 364. But it seems working on current buffer cache configuration. +See next section, if you have any. BUG REPORTS =========== -Any ufs bug report you can send to daniel.pirkl@email.cz (do not send -partition tables bug reports.) +Any ufs bug report you can send to daniel.pirkl@email.cz or +to dushistov@mail.ru (do not send partition tables bug reports). diff --git a/Documentation/gpio.txt b/Documentation/gpio.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..576ce463cf44 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/gpio.txt @@ -0,0 +1,274 @@ +GPIO Interfaces + +This provides an overview of GPIO access conventions on Linux. + + +What is a GPIO? +=============== +A "General Purpose Input/Output" (GPIO) is a flexible software-controlled +digital signal. They are provided from many kinds of chip, and are familiar +to Linux developers working with embedded and custom hardware. Each GPIO +represents a bit connected to a particular pin, or "ball" on Ball Grid Array +(BGA) packages. Board schematics show which external hardware connects to +which GPIOs. Drivers can be written generically, so that board setup code +passes such pin configuration data to drivers. + +System-on-Chip (SOC) processors heavily rely on GPIOs. In some cases, every +non-dedicated pin can be configured as a GPIO; and most chips have at least +several dozen of them. Programmable logic devices (like FPGAs) can easily +provide GPIOs; multifunction chips like power managers, and audio codecs +often have a few such pins to help with pin scarcity on SOCs; and there are +also "GPIO Expander" chips that connect using the I2C or SPI serial busses. +Most PC southbridges have a few dozen GPIO-capable pins (with only the BIOS +firmware knowing how they're used). + +The exact capabilities of GPIOs vary between systems. Common options: + + - Output values are writable (high=1, low=0). Some chips also have + options about how that value is driven, so that for example only one + value might be driven ... supporting "wire-OR" and similar schemes + for the other value. + + - Input values are likewise readable (1, 0). Some chips support readback + of pins configured as "output", which is very useful in such "wire-OR" + cases (to support bidirectional signaling). GPIO controllers may have + input de-glitch logic, sometimes with software controls. + + - Inputs can often be used as IRQ signals, often edge triggered but + sometimes level triggered. Such IRQs may be configurable as system + wakeup events, to wake the system from a low power state. + + - Usually a GPIO will be configurable as either input or output, as needed + by different product boards; single direction ones exist too. + + - Most GPIOs can be accessed while holding spinlocks, but those accessed + through a serial bus normally can't. Some systems support both types. + +On a given board each GPIO is used for one specific purpose like monitoring +MMC/SD card insertion/removal, detecting card writeprotect status, driving +a LED, configuring a transceiver, bitbanging a serial bus, poking a hardware +watchdog, sensing a switch, and so on. + + +GPIO conventions +================ +Note that this is called a "convention" because you don't need to do it this +way, and it's no crime if you don't. There **are** cases where portability +is not the main issue; GPIOs are often used for the kind of board-specific +glue logic that may even change between board revisions, and can't ever be +used on a board that's wired differently. Only least-common-denominator +functionality can be very portable. Other features are platform-specific, +and that can be critical for glue logic. + +Plus, this doesn't define an implementation framework, just an interface. +One platform might implement it as simple inline functions accessing chip +registers; another might implement it by delegating through abstractions +used for several very different kinds of GPIO controller. + +That said, if the convention is supported on their platform, drivers should +use it when possible: + + #include <asm/gpio.h> + +If you stick to this convention then it'll be easier for other developers to +see what your code is doing, and help maintain it. + + +Identifying GPIOs +----------------- +GPIOs are identified by unsigned integers in the range 0..MAX_INT. That +reserves "negative" numbers for other purposes like marking signals as +"not available on this board", or indicating faults. Code that doesn't +touch the underlying hardware treats these integers as opaque cookies. + +Platforms define how they use those integers, and usually #define symbols +for the GPIO lines so that board-specific setup code directly corresponds +to the relevant schematics. In contrast, drivers should only use GPIO +numbers passed to them from that setup code, using platform_data to hold +board-specific pin configuration data (along with other board specific +data they need). That avoids portability problems. + +So for example one platform uses numbers 32-159 for GPIOs; while another +uses numbers 0..63 with one set of GPIO controllers, 64-79 with another +type of GPIO controller, and on one particular board 80-95 with an FPGA. +The numbers need not be contiguous; either of those platforms could also +use numbers 2000-2063 to identify GPIOs in a bank of I2C GPIO expanders. + +Whether a platform supports multiple GPIO controllers is currently a +platform-specific implementation issue. + + +Using GPIOs +----------- +One of the first things to do with a GPIO, often in board setup code when +setting up a platform_device using the GPIO, is mark its direction: + + /* set as input or output, returning 0 or negative errno */ + int gpio_direction_input(unsigned gpio); + int gpio_direction_output(unsigned gpio); + +The return value is zero for success, else a negative errno. It should +be checked, since the get/set calls don't have error returns and since +misconfiguration is possible. (These calls could sleep.) + +Setting the direction can fail if the GPIO number is invalid, or when +that particular GPIO can't be used in that mode. It's generally a bad +idea to rely on boot firmware to have set the direction correctly, since +it probably wasn't validated to do more than boot Linux. (Similarly, +that board setup code probably needs to multiplex that pin as a GPIO, +and configure pullups/pulldowns appropriately.) + + +Spinlock-Safe GPIO access +------------------------- +Most GPIO controllers can be accessed with memory read/write instructions. +That doesn't need to sleep, and can safely be done from inside IRQ handlers. + +Use these calls to access such GPIOs: + + /* GPIO INPUT: return zero or nonzero */ + int gpio_get_value(unsigned gpio); + + /* GPIO OUTPUT */ + void gpio_set_value(unsigned gpio, int value); + +The values are boolean, zero for low, nonzero for high. When reading the +value of an output pin, the value returned should be what's seen on the +pin ... that won't always match the specified output value, because of +issues including wire-OR and output latencies. + +The get/set calls have no error returns because "invalid GPIO" should have +been reported earlier in gpio_set_direction(). However, note that not all +platforms can read the value of output pins; those that can't should always +return zero. Also, using these calls for GPIOs that can't safely be accessed +without sleeping (see below) is an error. + +Platform-specific implementations are encouraged to optimize the two +calls to access the GPIO value in cases where the GPIO number (and for +output, value) are constant. It's normal for them to need only a couple +of instructions in such cases (reading or writing a hardware register), +and not to need spinlocks. Such optimized calls can make bitbanging +applications a lot more efficient (in both space and time) than spending +dozens of instructions on subroutine calls. + + +GPIO access that may sleep +-------------------------- +Some GPIO controllers must be accessed using message based busses like I2C +or SPI. Commands to read or write those GPIO values require waiting to +get to the head of a queue to transmit a command and get its response. +This requires sleeping, which can't be done from inside IRQ handlers. + +Platforms that support this type of GPIO distinguish them from other GPIOs +by returning nonzero from this call: + + int gpio_cansleep(unsigned gpio); + +To access such GPIOs, a different set of accessors is defined: + + /* GPIO INPUT: return zero or nonzero, might sleep */ + int gpio_get_value_cansleep(unsigned gpio); + + /* GPIO OUTPUT, might sleep */ + void gpio_set_value_cansleep(unsigned gpio, int value); + +Other than the fact that these calls might sleep, and will not be ignored +for GPIOs that can't be accessed from IRQ handlers, these calls act the +same as the spinlock-safe calls. + + +Claiming and Releasing GPIOs (OPTIONAL) +--------------------------------------- +To help catch system configuration errors, two calls are defined. +However, many platforms don't currently support this mechanism. + + /* request GPIO, returning 0 or negative errno. + * non-null labels may be useful for diagnostics. + */ + int gpio_request(unsigned gpio, const char *label); + + /* release previously-claimed GPIO */ + void gpio_free(unsigned gpio); + +Passing invalid GPIO numbers to gpio_request() will fail, as will requesting +GPIOs that have already been claimed with that call. The return value of +gpio_request() must be checked. (These calls could sleep.) + +These calls serve two basic purposes. One is marking the signals which +are actually in use as GPIOs, for better diagnostics; systems may have +several hundred potential GPIOs, but often only a dozen are used on any +given board. Another is to catch conflicts between drivers, reporting +errors when drivers wrongly think they have exclusive use of that signal. + +These two calls are optional because not not all current Linux platforms +offer such functionality in their GPIO support; a valid implementation +could return success for all gpio_request() calls. Unlike the other calls, +the state they represent doesn't normally match anything from a hardware +register; it's just a software bitmap which clearly is not necessary for +correct operation of hardware or (bug free) drivers. + +Note that requesting a GPIO does NOT cause it to be configured in any +way; it just marks that GPIO as in use. Separate code must handle any +pin setup (e.g. controlling which pin the GPIO uses, pullup/pulldown). + + +GPIOs mapped to IRQs +-------------------- +GPIO numbers are unsigned integers; so are IRQ numbers. These make up +two logically distinct namespaces (GPIO 0 need not use IRQ 0). You can +map between them using calls like: + + /* map GPIO numbers to IRQ numbers */ + int gpio_to_irq(unsigned gpio); + + /* map IRQ numbers to GPIO numbers */ + int irq_to_gpio(unsigned irq); + +Those return either the corresponding number in the other namespace, or +else a negative errno code if the mapping can't be done. (For example, +some GPIOs can't used as IRQs.) It is an unchecked error to use a GPIO +number that hasn't been marked as an input using gpio_set_direction(), or +to use an IRQ number that didn't originally come from gpio_to_irq(). + +These two mapping calls are expected to cost on the order of a single +addition or subtraction. They're not allowed to sleep. + +Non-error values returned from gpio_to_irq() can be passed to request_irq() +or free_irq(). They will often be stored into IRQ resources for platform +devices, by the board-specific initialization code. Note that IRQ trigger +options are part of the IRQ interface, e.g. IRQF_TRIGGER_FALLING, as are +system wakeup capabilities. + +Non-error values returned from irq_to_gpio() would most commonly be used +with gpio_get_value(), for example to initialize or update driver state +when the IRQ is edge-triggered. + + + +What do these conventions omit? +=============================== +One of the biggest things these conventions omit is pin multiplexing, since +this is highly chip-specific and nonportable. One platform might not need +explicit multiplexing; another might have just two options for use of any +given pin; another might have eight options per pin; another might be able +to route a given GPIO to any one of several pins. (Yes, those examples all +come from systems that run Linux today.) + +Related to multiplexing is configuration and enabling of the pullups or +pulldowns integrated on some platforms. Not all platforms support them, +or support them in the same way; and any given board might use external +pullups (or pulldowns) so that the on-chip ones should not be used. + +There are other system-specific mechanisms that are not specified here, +like the aforementioned options for input de-glitching and wire-OR output. +Hardware may support reading or writing GPIOs in gangs, but that's usually +configuration dependent: for GPIOs sharing the same bank. (GPIOs are +commonly grouped in banks of 16 or 32, with a given SOC having several such +banks.) Some systems can trigger IRQs from output GPIOs. Code relying on +such mechanisms will necessarily be nonportable. + +Dynamic definition of GPIOs is not currently supported; for example, as +a side effect of configuring an add-on board with some GPIO expanders. + +These calls are purely for kernel space, but a userspace API could be built +on top of it. diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimer/timer_stats.txt b/Documentation/hrtimer/timer_stats.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..27f782e3593f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hrtimer/timer_stats.txt @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +timer_stats - timer usage statistics +------------------------------------ + +timer_stats is a debugging facility to make the timer (ab)usage in a Linux +system visible to kernel and userspace developers. It is not intended for +production usage as it adds significant overhead to the (hr)timer code and the +(hr)timer data structures. + +timer_stats should be used by kernel and userspace developers to verify that +their code does not make unduly use of timers. This helps to avoid unnecessary +wakeups, which should be avoided to optimize power consumption. + +It can be enabled by CONFIG_TIMER_STATS in the "Kernel hacking" configuration +section. + +timer_stats collects information about the timer events which are fired in a +Linux system over a sample period: + +- the pid of the task(process) which initialized the timer +- the name of the process which initialized the timer +- the function where the timer was intialized +- the callback function which is associated to the timer +- the number of events (callbacks) + +timer_stats adds an entry to /proc: /proc/timer_stats + +This entry is used to control the statistics functionality and to read out the +sampled information. + +The timer_stats functionality is inactive on bootup. + +To activate a sample period issue: +# echo 1 >/proc/timer_stats + +To stop a sample period issue: +# echo 0 >/proc/timer_stats + +The statistics can be retrieved by: +# cat /proc/timer_stats + +The readout of /proc/timer_stats automatically disables sampling. The sampled +information is kept until a new sample period is started. This allows multiple +readouts. + +Sample output of /proc/timer_stats: + +Timerstats sample period: 3.888770 s + 12, 0 swapper hrtimer_stop_sched_tick (hrtimer_sched_tick) + 15, 1 swapper hcd_submit_urb (rh_timer_func) + 4, 959 kedac schedule_timeout (process_timeout) + 1, 0 swapper page_writeback_init (wb_timer_fn) + 28, 0 swapper hrtimer_stop_sched_tick (hrtimer_sched_tick) + 22, 2948 IRQ 4 tty_flip_buffer_push (delayed_work_timer_fn) + 3, 3100 bash schedule_timeout (process_timeout) + 1, 1 swapper queue_delayed_work_on (delayed_work_timer_fn) + 1, 1 swapper queue_delayed_work_on (delayed_work_timer_fn) + 1, 1 swapper neigh_table_init_no_netlink (neigh_periodic_timer) + 1, 2292 ip __netdev_watchdog_up (dev_watchdog) + 1, 23 events/1 do_cache_clean (delayed_work_timer_fn) +90 total events, 30.0 events/sec + +The first column is the number of events, the second column the pid, the third +column is the name of the process. The forth column shows the function which +initialized the timer and in parantheses the callback function which was +executed on expiry. + + Thomas, Ingo + diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt b/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ce0e9a91e157 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt @@ -0,0 +1,249 @@ +High resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes +----------------------------------------------------- + +Further information can be found in the paper of the OLS 2006 talk "hrtimers +and beyond". The paper is part of the OLS 2006 Proceedings Volume 1, which can +be found on the OLS website: +http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2006/linuxsymposium_procv1.pdf + +The slides to this talk are available from: +http://tglx.de/projects/hrtimers/ols2006-hrtimers.pdf + +The slides contain five figures (pages 2, 15, 18, 20, 22), which illustrate the +changes in the time(r) related Linux subsystems. Figure #1 (p. 2) shows the +design of the Linux time(r) system before hrtimers and other building blocks +got merged into mainline. + +Note: the paper and the slides are talking about "clock event source", while we +switched to the name "clock event devices" in meantime. + +The design contains the following basic building blocks: + +- hrtimer base infrastructure +- timeofday and clock source management +- clock event management +- high resolution timer functionality +- dynamic ticks + + +hrtimer base infrastructure +--------------------------- + +The hrtimer base infrastructure was merged into the 2.6.16 kernel. Details of +the base implementation are covered in Documentation/hrtimers/hrtimer.txt. See +also figure #2 (OLS slides p. 15) + +The main differences to the timer wheel, which holds the armed timer_list type +timers are: + - time ordered enqueueing into a rb-tree + - independent of ticks (the processing is based on nanoseconds) + + +timeofday and clock source management +------------------------------------- + +John Stultz's Generic Time Of Day (GTOD) framework moves a large portion of +code out of the architecture-specific areas into a generic management +framework, as illustrated in figure #3 (OLS slides p. 18). The architecture +specific portion is reduced to the low level hardware details of the clock +sources, which are registered in the framework and selected on a quality based +decision. The low level code provides hardware setup and readout routines and +initializes data structures, which are used by the generic time keeping code to +convert the clock ticks to nanosecond based time values. All other time keeping +related functionality is moved into the generic code. The GTOD base patch got +merged into the 2.6.18 kernel. + +Further information about the Generic Time Of Day framework is available in the +OLS 2005 Proceedings Volume 1: +http://www.linuxsymposium.org/2005/linuxsymposium_procv1.pdf + +The paper "We Are Not Getting Any Younger: A New Approach to Time and +Timers" was written by J. Stultz, D.V. Hart, & N. Aravamudan. + +Figure #3 (OLS slides p.18) illustrates the transformation. + + +clock event management +---------------------- + +While clock sources provide read access to the monotonically increasing time +value, clock event devices are used to schedule the next event +interrupt(s). The next event is currently defined to be periodic, with its +period defined at compile time. The setup and selection of the event device +for various event driven functionalities is hardwired into the architecture +dependent code. This results in duplicated code across all architectures and +makes it extremely difficult to change the configuration of the system to use +event interrupt devices other than those already built into the +architecture. Another implication of the current design is that it is necessary +to touch all the architecture-specific implementations in order to provide new +functionality like high resolution timers or dynamic ticks. + +The clock events subsystem tries to address this problem by providing a generic +solution to manage clock event devices and their usage for the various clock +event driven kernel functionalities. The goal of the clock event subsystem is +to minimize the clock event related architecture dependent code to the pure +hardware related handling and to allow easy addition and utilization of new +clock event devices. It also minimizes the duplicated code across the +architectures as it provides generic functionality down to the interrupt +service handler, which is almost inherently hardware dependent. + +Clock event devices are registered either by the architecture dependent boot +code or at module insertion time. Each clock event device fills a data +structure with clock-specific property parameters and callback functions. The +clock event management decides, by using the specified property parameters, the +set of system functions a clock event device will be used to support. This +includes the distinction of per-CPU and per-system global event devices. + +System-level global event devices are used for the Linux periodic tick. Per-CPU +event devices are used to provide local CPU functionality such as process +accounting, profiling, and high resolution timers. + +The management layer assignes one or more of the folliwing functions to a clock +event device: + - system global periodic tick (jiffies update) + - cpu local update_process_times + - cpu local profiling + - cpu local next event interrupt (non periodic mode) + +The clock event device delegates the selection of those timer interrupt related +functions completely to the management layer. The clock management layer stores +a function pointer in the device description structure, which has to be called +from the hardware level handler. This removes a lot of duplicated code from the +architecture specific timer interrupt handlers and hands the control over the +clock event devices and the assignment of timer interrupt related functionality +to the core code. + +The clock event layer API is rather small. Aside from the clock event device +registration interface it provides functions to schedule the next event +interrupt, clock event device notification service and support for suspend and +resume. + +The framework adds about 700 lines of code which results in a 2KB increase of +the kernel binary size. The conversion of i386 removes about 100 lines of +code. The binary size decrease is in the range of 400 byte. We believe that the +increase of flexibility and the avoidance of duplicated code across +architectures justifies the slight increase of the binary size. + +The conversion of an architecture has no functional impact, but allows to +utilize the high resolution and dynamic tick functionalites without any change +to the clock event device and timer interrupt code. After the conversion the +enabling of high resolution timers and dynamic ticks is simply provided by +adding the kernel/time/Kconfig file to the architecture specific Kconfig and +adding the dynamic tick specific calls to the idle routine (a total of 3 lines +added to the idle function and the Kconfig file) + +Figure #4 (OLS slides p.20) illustrates the transformation. + + +high resolution timer functionality +----------------------------------- + +During system boot it is not possible to use the high resolution timer +functionality, while making it possible would be difficult and would serve no +useful function. The initialization of the clock event device framework, the +clock source framework (GTOD) and hrtimers itself has to be done and +appropriate clock sources and clock event devices have to be registered before +the high resolution functionality can work. Up to the point where hrtimers are +initialized, the system works in the usual low resolution periodic mode. The +clock source and the clock event device layers provide notification functions +which inform hrtimers about availability of new hardware. hrtimers validates +the usability of the registered clock sources and clock event devices before +switching to high resolution mode. This ensures also that a kernel which is +configured for high resolution timers can run on a system which lacks the +necessary hardware support. + +The high resolution timer code does not support SMP machines which have only +global clock event devices. The support of such hardware would involve IPI +calls when an interrupt happens. The overhead would be much larger than the +benefit. This is the reason why we currently disable high resolution and +dynamic ticks on i386 SMP systems which stop the local APIC in C3 power +state. A workaround is available as an idea, but the problem has not been +tackled yet. + +The time ordered insertion of timers provides all the infrastructure to decide +whether the event device has to be reprogrammed when a timer is added. The +decision is made per timer base and synchronized across per-cpu timer bases in +a support function. The design allows the system to utilize separate per-CPU +clock event devices for the per-CPU timer bases, but currently only one +reprogrammable clock event device per-CPU is utilized. + +When the timer interrupt happens, the next event interrupt handler is called +from the clock event distribution code and moves expired timers from the +red-black tree to a separate double linked list and invokes the softirq +handler. An additional mode field in the hrtimer structure allows the system to +execute callback functions directly from the next event interrupt handler. This +is restricted to code which can safely be executed in the hard interrupt +context. This applies, for example, to the common case of a wakeup function as +used by nanosleep. The advantage of executing the handler in the interrupt +context is the avoidance of up to two context switches - from the interrupted +context to the softirq and to the task which is woken up by the expired +timer. + +Once a system has switched to high resolution mode, the periodic tick is +switched off. This disables the per system global periodic clock event device - +e.g. the PIT on i386 SMP systems. + +The periodic tick functionality is provided by an per-cpu hrtimer. The callback +function is executed in the next event interrupt context and updates jiffies +and calls update_process_times and profiling. The implementation of the hrtimer +based periodic tick is designed to be extended with dynamic tick functionality. +This allows to use a single clock event device to schedule high resolution +timer and periodic events (jiffies tick, profiling, process accounting) on UP +systems. This has been proved to work with the PIT on i386 and the Incrementer +on PPC. + +The softirq for running the hrtimer queues and executing the callbacks has been +separated from the tick bound timer softirq to allow accurate delivery of high +resolution timer signals which are used by itimer and POSIX interval +timers. The execution of this softirq can still be delayed by other softirqs, +but the overall latencies have been significantly improved by this separation. + +Figure #5 (OLS slides p.22) illustrates the transformation. + + +dynamic ticks +------------- + +Dynamic ticks are the logical consequence of the hrtimer based periodic tick +replacement (sched_tick). The functionality of the sched_tick hrtimer is +extended by three functions: + +- hrtimer_stop_sched_tick +- hrtimer_restart_sched_tick +- hrtimer_update_jiffies + +hrtimer_stop_sched_tick() is called when a CPU goes into idle state. The code +evaluates the next scheduled timer event (from both hrtimers and the timer +wheel) and in case that the next event is further away than the next tick it +reprograms the sched_tick to this future event, to allow longer idle sleeps +without worthless interruption by the periodic tick. The function is also +called when an interrupt happens during the idle period, which does not cause a +reschedule. The call is necessary as the interrupt handler might have armed a +new timer whose expiry time is before the time which was identified as the +nearest event in the previous call to hrtimer_stop_sched_tick. + +hrtimer_restart_sched_tick() is called when the CPU leaves the idle state before +it calls schedule(). hrtimer_restart_sched_tick() resumes the periodic tick, +which is kept active until the next call to hrtimer_stop_sched_tick(). + +hrtimer_update_jiffies() is called from irq_enter() when an interrupt happens +in the idle period to make sure that jiffies are up to date and the interrupt +handler has not to deal with an eventually stale jiffy value. + +The dynamic tick feature provides statistical values which are exported to +userspace via /proc/stats and can be made available for enhanced power +management control. + +The implementation leaves room for further development like full tickless +systems, where the time slice is controlled by the scheduler, variable +frequency profiling, and a complete removal of jiffies in the future. + + +Aside the current initial submission of i386 support, the patchset has been +extended to x86_64 and ARM already. Initial (work in progress) support is also +available for MIPS and PowerPC. + + Thomas, Ingo + + + diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers.txt b/Documentation/hrtimers/hrtimers.txt index ce31f65e12e7..ce31f65e12e7 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimers.txt +++ b/Documentation/hrtimers/hrtimers.txt diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 index 3db69a086c41..c34f0db78a30 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-i801 @@ -48,14 +48,9 @@ following: The SMBus controller is function 3 in device 1f. Class 0c05 is SMBus Serial Controller. -If you do NOT see the 24x3 device at function 3, and you can't figure out -any way in the BIOS to enable it, - The ICH chips are quite similar to Intel's PIIX4 chip, at least in the SMBus controller. -See the file i2c-piix4 for some additional information. - Process Call Support -------------------- @@ -74,6 +69,61 @@ SMBus 2.0 Support The 82801DB (ICH4) and later chips support several SMBus 2.0 features. + +Hidden ICH SMBus +---------------- + +If your system has an Intel ICH south bridge, but you do NOT see the +SMBus device at 00:1f.3 in lspci, and you can't figure out any way in the +BIOS to enable it, it means it has been hidden by the BIOS code. Asus is +well known for first doing this on their P4B motherboard, and many other +boards after that. Some vendor machines are affected as well. + +The first thing to try is the "i2c_ec" ACPI driver. It could be that the +SMBus was hidden on purpose because it'll be driven by ACPI. If the +i2c_ec driver works for you, just forget about the i2c-i801 driver and +don't try to unhide the ICH SMBus. Even if i2c_ec doesn't work, you +better make sure that the SMBus isn't used by the ACPI code. Try loading +the "fan" and "thermal" drivers, and check in /proc/acpi/fan and +/proc/acpi/thermal_zone. If you find anything there, it's likely that +the ACPI is accessing the SMBus and it's safer not to unhide it. Only +once you are certain that ACPI isn't using the SMBus, you can attempt +to unhide it. + +In order to unhide the SMBus, we need to change the value of a PCI +register before the kernel enumerates the PCI devices. This is done in +drivers/pci/quirks.c, where all affected boards must be listed (see +function asus_hides_smbus_hostbridge.) If the SMBus device is missing, +and you think there's something interesting on the SMBus (e.g. a +hardware monitoring chip), you need to add your board to the list. + +The motherboard is identified using the subvendor and subdevice IDs of the +host bridge PCI device. Get yours with "lspci -n -v -s 00:00.0": + +00:00.0 Class 0600: 8086:2570 (rev 02) + Subsystem: 1043:80f2 + Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0 + Memory at fc000000 (32-bit, prefetchable) [size=32M] + Capabilities: [e4] #09 [2106] + Capabilities: [a0] AGP version 3.0 + +Here the host bridge ID is 2570 (82865G/PE/P), the subvendor ID is 1043 +(Asus) and the subdevice ID is 80f2 (P4P800-X). You can find the symbolic +names for the bridge ID and the subvendor ID in include/linux/pci_ids.h, +and then add a case for your subdevice ID at the right place in +drivers/pci/quirks.c. Then please give it very good testing, to make sure +that the unhidden SMBus doesn't conflict with e.g. ACPI. + +If it works, proves useful (i.e. there are usable chips on the SMBus) +and seems safe, please submit a patch for inclusion into the kernel. + +Note: There's a useful script in lm_sensors 2.10.2 and later, named +unhide_ICH_SMBus (in prog/hotplug), which uses the fakephp driver to +temporarily unhide the SMBus without having to patch and recompile your +kernel. It's very convenient if you just want to check if there's +anything interesting on your hidden ICH SMBus. + + ********************** The lm_sensors project gratefully acknowledges the support of Texas Instruments in the initial development of this driver. diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport index 77b995dfca22..dceaba1ad930 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-parport @@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ It currently supports the following devices: * (type=4) Analog Devices ADM1032 evaluation board * (type=5) Analog Devices evaluation boards: ADM1025, ADM1030, ADM1031 * (type=6) Barco LPT->DVI (K5800236) adapter + * (type=7) One For All JP1 parallel port adapter These devices use different pinout configurations, so you have to tell the driver what you have, using the type module parameter. There is no @@ -157,3 +158,17 @@ many more, using /dev/velleman. http://home.wanadoo.nl/hihihi/libk8005.htm http://struyve.mine.nu:8080/index.php?block=k8000 http://sourceforge.net/projects/libk8005/ + + +One For All JP1 parallel port adapter +------------------------------------- + +The JP1 project revolves around a set of remote controls which expose +the I2C bus their internal configuration EEPROM lives on via a 6 pin +jumper in the battery compartment. More details can be found at: + +http://www.hifi-remote.com/jp1/ + +Details of the simple parallel port hardware can be found at: + +http://www.hifi-remote.com/jp1/hardware.shtml diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 index 921476333235..7cbe43fa2701 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-piix4 @@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Supported adapters: Datasheet: Publicly available at the Intel website * ServerWorks OSB4, CSB5, CSB6 and HT-1000 southbridges Datasheet: Only available via NDA from ServerWorks - * ATI IXP southbridges IXP200, IXP300, IXP400 + * ATI IXP200, IXP300, IXP400 and SB600 southbridges Datasheet: Not publicly available * Standard Microsystems (SMSC) SLC90E66 (Victory66) southbridge Datasheet: Publicly available at the SMSC website http://www.smsc.com diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro index 25680346e0ac..775f489e86f6 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro +++ b/Documentation/i2c/busses/i2c-viapro @@ -13,6 +13,9 @@ Supported adapters: * VIA Technologies, Inc. VT8235, VT8237R, VT8237A, VT8251 Datasheet: available on request and under NDA from VIA + * VIA Technologies, Inc. CX700 + Datasheet: available on request and under NDA from VIA + Authors: Kyösti Mälkki <kmalkki@cc.hut.fi>, Mark D. Studebaker <mdsxyz123@yahoo.com>, @@ -44,6 +47,7 @@ Your lspci -n listing must show one of these : device 1106:3227 (VT8237R) device 1106:3337 (VT8237A) device 1106:3287 (VT8251) + device 1106:8324 (CX700) If none of these show up, you should look in the BIOS for settings like enable ACPI / SMBus or even USB. @@ -51,3 +55,6 @@ enable ACPI / SMBus or even USB. Except for the oldest chips (VT82C596A/B, VT82C686A and most probably VT8231), this driver supports I2C block transactions. Such transactions are mainly useful to read from and write to EEPROMs. + +The CX700 additionally appears to support SMBus PEC, although this driver +doesn't implement it yet. diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/porting-clients b/Documentation/i2c/porting-clients index f03c2a02f806..ca272b263a92 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/porting-clients +++ b/Documentation/i2c/porting-clients @@ -129,6 +129,12 @@ Technical changes: structure, those name member should be initialized to a driver name string. i2c_driver itself has no name member anymore. +* [Driver model] Instead of shutdown or reboot notifiers, provide a + shutdown() method in your driver. + +* [Power management] Use the driver model suspend() and resume() + callbacks instead of the obsolete pm_register() calls. + Coding policy: * [Copyright] Use (C), not (c), for copyright. diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol index 09f5e5ca4927..8a653c60d25a 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol +++ b/Documentation/i2c/smbus-protocol @@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ SMBus Write Word Data ===================== This is the opposite operation of the Read Word Data command. 16 bits -of data is read from a device, from a designated register that is +of data is written to a device, to the designated register that is specified through the Comm byte. S Addr Wr [A] Comm [A] DataLow [A] DataHigh [A] P diff --git a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients index 3a057c8e5507..fbcff96f4ca1 100644 --- a/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients +++ b/Documentation/i2c/writing-clients @@ -21,20 +21,26 @@ The driver structure Usually, you will implement a single driver structure, and instantiate all clients from it. Remember, a driver structure contains general access -routines, a client structure specific information like the actual I2C -address. +routines, and should be zero-initialized except for fields with data you +provide. A client structure holds device-specific information like the +driver model device node, and its I2C address. static struct i2c_driver foo_driver = { .driver = { .name = "foo", }, - .attach_adapter = &foo_attach_adapter, - .detach_client = &foo_detach_client, - .command = &foo_command /* may be NULL */ + .attach_adapter = foo_attach_adapter, + .detach_client = foo_detach_client, + .shutdown = foo_shutdown, /* optional */ + .suspend = foo_suspend, /* optional */ + .resume = foo_resume, /* optional */ + .command = foo_command, /* optional */ } -The name field must match the driver name, including the case. It must not -contain spaces, and may be up to 31 characters long. +The name field is the driver name, and must not contain spaces. It +should match the module name (if the driver can be compiled as a module), +although you can use MODULE_ALIAS (passing "foo" in this example) to add +another name for the module. All other fields are for call-back functions which will be explained below. @@ -43,11 +49,18 @@ below. Extra client data ================= -The client structure has a special `data' field that can point to any -structure at all. You can use this to keep client-specific data. You +Each client structure has a special `data' field that can point to any +structure at all. You should use this to keep device-specific data, +especially in drivers that handle multiple I2C or SMBUS devices. You do not always need this, but especially for `sensors' drivers, it can be very useful. + /* store the value */ + void i2c_set_clientdata(struct i2c_client *client, void *data); + + /* retrieve the value */ + void *i2c_get_clientdata(struct i2c_client *client); + An example structure is below. struct foo_data { @@ -493,6 +506,33 @@ by `__init_data'. Hose functions and structures can be removed after kernel booting (or module loading) is completed. +Power Management +================ + +If your I2C device needs special handling when entering a system low +power state -- like putting a transceiver into a low power mode, or +activating a system wakeup mechanism -- do that in the suspend() method. +The resume() method should reverse what the suspend() method does. + +These are standard driver model calls, and they work just like they +would for any other driver stack. The calls can sleep, and can use +I2C messaging to the device being suspended or resumed (since their +parent I2C adapter is active when these calls are issued, and IRQs +are still enabled). + + +System Shutdown +=============== + +If your I2C device needs special handling when the system shuts down +or reboots (including kexec) -- like turning something off -- use a +shutdown() method. + +Again, this is a standard driver model call, working just like it +would for any other driver stack: the calls can sleep, and can use +I2C messaging. + + Command function ================ diff --git a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt index 5a8bd5bd88ef..8f750c0efed5 100644 --- a/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt +++ b/Documentation/ioctl-number.txt @@ -94,8 +94,7 @@ Code Seq# Include File Comments 'L' 00-1F linux/loop.h 'L' E0-FF linux/ppdd.h encrypted disk device driver <http://linux01.gwdg.de/~alatham/ppdd.html> -'M' all linux/soundcard.h conflict! -'M' 00-1F linux/isicom.h conflict! +'M' all linux/soundcard.h 'N' 00-1F drivers/usb/scanner.h 'P' all linux/soundcard.h 'Q' all linux/soundcard.h diff --git a/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset index fa0d4cca964a..55b2852904a4 100644 --- a/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset +++ b/Documentation/isdn/README.gigaset @@ -8,29 +8,33 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver This release supports the connection of the Gigaset 307x/417x family of ISDN DECT bases via Gigaset M101 Data, Gigaset M105 Data or direct USB connection. The following devices are reported to be compatible: - 307x/417x: - Gigaset SX255isdn - Gigaset SX353isdn - Sinus 45 [AB] isdn (Deutsche Telekom) - Sinus 721X/XA + + Bases: + Siemens Gigaset 3070/3075 isdn + Siemens Gigaset 4170/4175 isdn + Siemens Gigaset SX205/255 + Siemens Gigaset SX353 + T-Com Sinus 45 [AB] isdn + T-Com Sinus 721X[A] [SE] Vox Chicago 390 ISDN (KPN Telecom) - M101: - Sinus 45 Data 1 (Telekom) - M105: - Gigaset USB Adapter DECT - Sinus 45 Data 2 (Telekom) - Sinus 721 data + + RS232 data boxes: + Siemens Gigaset M101 Data + T-Com Sinus 45 Data 1 + + USB data boxes: + Siemens Gigaset M105 Data + Siemens Gigaset USB Adapter DECT + T-Com Sinus 45 Data 2 + T-Com Sinus 721 data Chicago 390 USB (KPN) + See also http://www.erbze.info/sinus_gigaset.htm and http://gigaset307x.sourceforge.net/ We had also reports from users of Gigaset M105 who could use the drivers with SX 100 and CX 100 ISDN bases (only in unimodem mode, see section 2.4.) If you have another device that works with our driver, please let us know. - For example, Gigaset SX205isdn/Sinus 721 X SE and Gigaset SX303isdn bases - are just versions without answering machine of models known to work, so - they should work just as well; but so far we are lacking positive reports - on these. Chances of getting an USB device to work are good if the output of lsusb @@ -60,14 +64,28 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver To get the device working, you have to load the proper kernel module. You can do this using modprobe modulename - where modulename is usb_gigaset (M105) or bas_gigaset (direct USB - connection to the base). + where modulename is ser_gigaset (M101), usb_gigaset (M105), or + bas_gigaset (direct USB connection to the base). + + The module ser_gigaset provides a serial line discipline N_GIGASET_M101 + which drives the device through the regular serial line driver. To use it, + run the Gigaset M101 daemon "gigasetm101d" (also available from + http://sourceforge.net/projects/gigaset307x/) with the device file of the + RS232 port to the M101 as an argument, for example: + gigasetm101d /dev/ttyS1 + This will open the device file, set its line discipline to N_GIGASET_M101, + and then sleep in the background, keeping the device open so that the + line discipline remains active. To deactivate it, kill the daemon, for + example with + killall gigasetm101d + before disconnecting the device. 2.2. Device nodes for user space programs ------------------------------------ The device can be accessed from user space (eg. by the user space tools mentioned in 1.2.) through the device nodes: + - /dev/ttyGS0 for M101 (RS232 data boxes) - /dev/ttyGU0 for M105 (USB data boxes) - /dev/ttyGB0 for the base driver (direct USB connection) @@ -168,6 +186,19 @@ GigaSet 307x Device Driver You can also use /sys/class/tty/ttyGxy/cidmode for changing the CID mode setting (ttyGxy is ttyGU0 or ttyGB0). +2.6. M105 Undocumented USB Requests + ------------------------------ + + The Gigaset M105 USB data box understands a couple of useful, but + undocumented USB commands. These requests are not used in normal + operation (for wireless access to the base), but are needed for access + to the M105's own configuration mode (registration to the base, baudrate + and line format settings, device status queries) via the gigacontr + utility. Their use is disabled in the driver by default for safety + reasons but can be enabled by setting the kernel configuration option + "Support for undocumented USB requests" (GIGASET_UNDOCREQ) to "Y" and + recompiling. + 3. Troubleshooting --------------- diff --git a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt index 073306818347..79775a4130b5 100644 --- a/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt +++ b/Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt @@ -311,10 +311,10 @@ Following are the arch specific command line options to be used while loading dump-capture kernel. For i386, x86_64 and ia64: - "init 1 irqpoll maxcpus=1" + "1 irqpoll maxcpus=1" For ppc64: - "init 1 maxcpus=1 noirqdistrib" + "1 maxcpus=1 noirqdistrib" Notes on loading the dump-capture kernel: @@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ Notes on loading the dump-capture kernel: * You must specify <root-dev> in the format corresponding to the root device name in the output of mount command. -* "init 1" boots the dump-capture kernel into single-user mode without - networking. If you want networking, use "init 3." +* Boot parameter "1" boots the dump-capture kernel into single-user + mode without networking. If you want networking, use "3". * We generally don' have to bring up a SMP kernel just to capture the dump. Hence generally it is useful either to build a UP dump-capture diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt b/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt index 284e7e198e93..2075c0658bf5 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-doc-nano-HOWTO.txt @@ -101,16 +101,20 @@ The format of the block comment is like this: /** * function_name(:)? (- short description)? -(* @parameterx: (description of parameter x)?)* +(* @parameterx(space)*: (description of parameter x)?)* (* a blank line)? * (Description:)? (Description of function)? * (section header: (section description)? )* (*)?*/ -The short function description cannot be multiline, but the other -descriptions can be (and they can contain blank lines). Avoid putting a -spurious blank line after the function name, or else the description will -be repeated! +The short function description ***cannot be multiline***, but the other +descriptions can be (and they can contain blank lines). If you continue +that initial short description onto a second line, that second line will +appear further down at the beginning of the description section, which is +almost certainly not what you had in mind. + +Avoid putting a spurious blank line after the function name, or else the +description will be repeated! All descriptive text is further processed, scanning for the following special patterns, which are highlighted appropriately. @@ -121,6 +125,31 @@ patterns, which are highlighted appropriately. '@parameter' - name of a parameter '%CONST' - name of a constant. +NOTE 1: The multi-line descriptive text you provide does *not* recognize +line breaks, so if you try to format some text nicely, as in: + + Return codes + 0 - cool + 1 - invalid arg + 2 - out of memory + +this will all run together and produce: + + Return codes 0 - cool 1 - invalid arg 2 - out of memory + +NOTE 2: If the descriptive text you provide has lines that begin with +some phrase followed by a colon, each of those phrases will be taken as +a new section heading, which means you should similarly try to avoid text +like: + + Return codes: + 0: cool + 1: invalid arg + 2: out of memory + +every line of which would start a new section. Again, probably not +what you were after. + Take a look around the source tree for examples. diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 25d298517104..ce1f2c85e20f 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -104,6 +104,9 @@ loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly. Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme need or coordination with <Documentation/i386/boot.txt>. +There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here. +See for example <Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt>. + Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that @@ -361,6 +364,11 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT. Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr } + code_bytes [IA32] How many bytes of object code to print in an + oops report. + Range: 0 - 8192 + Default: 64 + disable_8254_timer enable_8254_timer [IA32/X86_64] Disable/Enable interrupt 0 timer routing @@ -601,6 +609,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem size on bigger boxes. + highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode. + Valid parameters: "on", "off" + Default: "on" + hisax= [HW,ISDN] See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax. @@ -1070,6 +1082,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file in certain environments such as networked servers or real-time systems. + nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks + Valid arguments: on, off + Default: on + noirqbalance [IA-32,SMP,KNL] Disable kernel irq balancing noirqdebug [IA-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and @@ -1259,6 +1275,12 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file This sorting is done to get a device order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels. nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order. + cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window. + The default value is 256 bytes. + cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is + reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory + window. The default value is 64 megabytes. pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4 @@ -1396,6 +1418,8 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files). See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt + retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction + rhash_entries= [KNL,NET] Set number of hash buckets for route cache diff --git a/Documentation/local_ops.txt b/Documentation/local_ops.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..b0aca0705d1e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/local_ops.txt @@ -0,0 +1,163 @@ + Semantics and Behavior of Local Atomic Operations + + Mathieu Desnoyers + + + This document explains the purpose of the local atomic operations, how +to implement them for any given architecture and shows how they can be used +properly. It also stresses on the precautions that must be taken when reading +those local variables across CPUs when the order of memory writes matters. + + + +* Purpose of local atomic operations + +Local atomic operations are meant to provide fast and highly reentrant per CPU +counters. They minimize the performance cost of standard atomic operations by +removing the LOCK prefix and memory barriers normally required to synchronize +across CPUs. + +Having fast per CPU atomic counters is interesting in many cases : it does not +require disabling interrupts to protect from interrupt handlers and it permits +coherent counters in NMI handlers. It is especially useful for tracing purposes +and for various performance monitoring counters. + +Local atomic operations only guarantee variable modification atomicity wrt the +CPU which owns the data. Therefore, care must taken to make sure that only one +CPU writes to the local_t data. This is done by using per cpu data and making +sure that we modify it from within a preemption safe context. It is however +permitted to read local_t data from any CPU : it will then appear to be written +out of order wrt other memory writes on the owner CPU. + + +* Implementation for a given architecture + +It can be done by slightly modifying the standard atomic operations : only +their UP variant must be kept. It typically means removing LOCK prefix (on +i386 and x86_64) and any SMP sychronization barrier. If the architecture does +not have a different behavior between SMP and UP, including asm-generic/local.h +in your archtecture's local.h is sufficient. + +The local_t type is defined as an opaque signed long by embedding an +atomic_long_t inside a structure. This is made so a cast from this type to a +long fails. The definition looks like : + +typedef struct { atomic_long_t a; } local_t; + + +* How to use local atomic operations + +#include <linux/percpu.h> +#include <asm/local.h> + +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(local_t, counters) = LOCAL_INIT(0); + + +* Counting + +Counting is done on all the bits of a signed long. + +In preemptible context, use get_cpu_var() and put_cpu_var() around local atomic +operations : it makes sure that preemption is disabled around write access to +the per cpu variable. For instance : + + local_inc(&get_cpu_var(counters)); + put_cpu_var(counters); + +If you are already in a preemption-safe context, you can directly use +__get_cpu_var() instead. + + local_inc(&__get_cpu_var(counters)); + + + +* Reading the counters + +Those local counters can be read from foreign CPUs to sum the count. Note that +the data seen by local_read across CPUs must be considered to be out of order +relatively to other memory writes happening on the CPU that owns the data. + + long sum = 0; + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) + sum += local_read(&per_cpu(counters, cpu)); + +If you want to use a remote local_read to synchronize access to a resource +between CPUs, explicit smp_wmb() and smp_rmb() memory barriers must be used +respectively on the writer and the reader CPUs. It would be the case if you use +the local_t variable as a counter of bytes written in a buffer : there should +be a smp_wmb() between the buffer write and the counter increment and also a +smp_rmb() between the counter read and the buffer read. + + +Here is a sample module which implements a basic per cpu counter using local.h. + +--- BEGIN --- +/* test-local.c + * + * Sample module for local.h usage. + */ + + +#include <asm/local.h> +#include <linux/module.h> +#include <linux/timer.h> + +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(local_t, counters) = LOCAL_INIT(0); + +static struct timer_list test_timer; + +/* IPI called on each CPU. */ +static void test_each(void *info) +{ + /* Increment the counter from a non preemptible context */ + printk("Increment on cpu %d\n", smp_processor_id()); + local_inc(&__get_cpu_var(counters)); + + /* This is what incrementing the variable would look like within a + * preemptible context (it disables preemption) : + * + * local_inc(&get_cpu_var(counters)); + * put_cpu_var(counters); + */ +} + +static void do_test_timer(unsigned long data) +{ + int cpu; + + /* Increment the counters */ + on_each_cpu(test_each, NULL, 0, 1); + /* Read all the counters */ + printk("Counters read from CPU %d\n", smp_processor_id()); + for_each_online_cpu(cpu) { + printk("Read : CPU %d, count %ld\n", cpu, + local_read(&per_cpu(counters, cpu))); + } + del_timer(&test_timer); + test_timer.expires = jiffies + 1000; + add_timer(&test_timer); +} + +static int __init test_init(void) +{ + /* initialize the timer that will increment the counter */ + init_timer(&test_timer); + test_timer.function = do_test_timer; + test_timer.expires = jiffies + 1; + add_timer(&test_timer); + + return 0; +} + +static void __exit test_exit(void) +{ + del_timer_sync(&test_timer); +} + +module_init(test_init); +module_exit(test_exit); + +MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); +MODULE_AUTHOR("Mathieu Desnoyers"); +MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Local Atomic Ops"); +--- END --- diff --git a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/nfsroot.txt index 719f9a9d60c0..16a7cae2721d 100644 --- a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/nfsroot.txt @@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] <nfs-options> Standard NFS options. All options are separated by commas. The following defaults are used: port = as given by server portmap daemon - rsize = 1024 - wsize = 1024 + rsize = 4096 + wsize = 4096 timeo = 7 retrans = 3 acregmin = 3 diff --git a/Documentation/pci.txt b/Documentation/pci.txt index fd5028eca13e..cdf2f3c0ab14 100644 --- a/Documentation/pci.txt +++ b/Documentation/pci.txt @@ -205,8 +205,8 @@ Tips on when/where to use the above attributes: exclusively called by the probe() routine, can be marked __devinit. Ditto for remove() and __devexit. - o If mydriver_probe() is marked with __devinit(), then all address - references to mydriver_probe must use __devexit_p(mydriver_probe) + o If mydriver_remove() is marked with __devexit(), then all address + references to mydriver_remove must use __devexit_p(mydriver_remove) (in the struct pci_driver declaration for example). __devexit_p() will generate the function name _or_ NULL if the function will be discarded. For an example, see drivers/net/tg3.c. diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt index 33994271cb3b..b41397d6430a 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt @@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ looks like in practice. | |- device_type = "cpu" | |- reg = <0> | |- clock-frequency = <5f5e1000> - | |- linux,boot-cpu + | |- 64-bit | |- linux,phandle = <2> | o memory@0 @@ -509,7 +509,6 @@ looks like in practice. o chosen |- name = "chosen" |- bootargs = "root=/dev/sda2" - |- linux,platform = <00000600> |- linux,phandle = <4> This tree is almost a minimal tree. It pretty much contains the @@ -519,7 +518,7 @@ physical memory layout. It also includes misc information passed through /chosen, like in this example, the platform type (mandatory) and the kernel command line arguments (optional). -The /cpus/PowerPC,970@0/linux,boot-cpu property is an example of a +The /cpus/PowerPC,970@0/64-bit property is an example of a property without a value. All other properties have a value. The significance of the #address-cells and #size-cells properties will be explained in chapter IV which defines precisely the required nodes and @@ -733,8 +732,7 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit. that typically get driven by the same platform code in the kernel, you would use a different "model" property but put a value in "compatible". The kernel doesn't directly use that - value (see /chosen/linux,platform for how the kernel chooses a - platform type) but it is generally useful. + value but it is generally useful. The root node is also generally where you add additional properties specific to your board like the serial number if any, that sort of @@ -778,7 +776,6 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit. bytes - d-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 data cache in bytes - i-cache-size : one cell, size of L1 instruction cache in bytes - - linux, boot-cpu : Should be defined if this cpu is the boot cpu. Recommended properties: @@ -843,11 +840,6 @@ address which can extend beyond that limit. the prom_init() trampoline when booting with an OF client interface, but that you have to provide yourself when using the flattened format. - Required properties: - - - linux,platform : This is your platform number as assigned by the - architecture maintainers - Recommended properties: - bootargs : This zero-terminated string is passed as the kernel @@ -1334,6 +1326,9 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. fsl-usb2-mph compatible controllers. Either this property or "port0" (or both) must be defined for "fsl-usb2-mph" compatible controllers. + - dr_mode : indicates the working mode for "fsl-usb2-dr" compatible + controllers. Can be "host", "peripheral", or "otg". Default to + "host" if not defined for backward compatibility. Recommended properties : - interrupts : <a b> where a is the interrupt number and b is a @@ -1367,6 +1362,7 @@ platforms are moved over to use the flattened-device-tree model. #size-cells = <0>; interrupt-parent = <700>; interrupts = <26 1>; + dr_mode = "otg"; phy = "ulpi"; }; diff --git a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt index 69f016f02bb0..e59fcbbe338c 100644 --- a/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt +++ b/Documentation/powerpc/mpc52xx-device-tree-bindings.txt @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ -MPC52xx Device Tree Bindings +MPC5200 Device Tree Bindings ---------------------------- -(c) 2006 Secret Lab Technologies Ltd +(c) 2006-2007 Secret Lab Technologies Ltd Grant Likely <grant.likely at secretlab.ca> ********** DRAFT *********** @@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ described in Documentation/powerpc/booting-without-of.txt), or passed by Open Firmare (IEEE 1275) compatible firmware using an OF compatible client interface API. -This document specifies the requirements on the device-tree for mpc52xx +This document specifies the requirements on the device-tree for mpc5200 based boards. These requirements are above and beyond the details specified in either the OpenFirmware spec or booting-without-of.txt -All new mpc52xx-based boards are expected to match this document. In +All new mpc5200-based boards are expected to match this document. In cases where this document is not sufficient to support a new board port, this document should be updated as part of adding the new board support. @@ -32,26 +32,26 @@ II - Philosophy =============== The core of this document is naming convention. The whole point of defining this convention is to reduce or eliminate the number of -special cases required to support a 52xx board. If all 52xx boards -follow the same convention, then generic 52xx support code will work +special cases required to support a 5200 board. If all 5200 boards +follow the same convention, then generic 5200 support code will work rather than coding special cases for each new board. This section tries to capture the thought process behind why the naming convention is what it is. -1. Node names -------------- +1. names +--------- There is strong convention/requirements already established for children of the root node. 'cpus' describes the processor cores, 'memory' describes memory, and 'chosen' provides boot configuration. Other nodes are added to describe devices attached to the processor local bus. + Following convention already established with other system-on-chip -processors, MPC52xx boards must have an 'soc5200' node as a child of the -root node. +processors, 5200 device trees should use the name 'soc5200' for the +parent node of on chip devices, and the root node should be its parent. -The soc5200 node holds child nodes for all on chip devices. Child nodes -are typically named after the configured function. ie. the FEC node is -named 'ethernet', and a PSC in uart mode is named 'serial'. +Child nodes are typically named after the configured function. ie. +the FEC node is named 'ethernet', and a PSC in uart mode is named 'serial'. 2. device_type property ----------------------- @@ -66,28 +66,47 @@ exactly. Since device_type isn't enough to match devices to drivers, there also needs to be a naming convention for the compatible property. Compatible is an list of device descriptions sorted from specific to generic. For -the mpc52xx, the required format for each compatible value is -<chip>-<device>[-<mode>]. At the minimum, the list shall contain two -items; the first specifying the exact chip, and the second specifying -mpc52xx for the chip. - -ie. ethernet on mpc5200b: compatible = "mpc5200b-ethernet\0mpc52xx-ethernet" - -The idea here is that most drivers will match to the most generic field -in the compatible list (mpc52xx-*), but can also test the more specific -field for enabling bug fixes or extra features. +the mpc5200, the required format for each compatible value is +<chip>-<device>[-<mode>]. The OS should be able to match a device driver +to the device based solely on the compatible value. If two drivers +match on the compatible list; the 'most compatible' driver should be +selected. + +The split between the MPC5200 and the MPC5200B leaves a bit of a +connundrum. How should the compatible property be set up to provide +maximum compatability information; but still acurately describe the +chip? For the MPC5200; the answer is easy. Most of the SoC devices +originally appeared on the MPC5200. Since they didn't exist anywhere +else; the 5200 compatible properties will contain only one item; +"mpc5200-<device>". + +The 5200B is almost the same as the 5200, but not quite. It fixes +silicon bugs and it adds a small number of enhancements. Most of the +devices either provide exactly the same interface as on the 5200. A few +devices have extra functions but still have a backwards compatible mode. +To express this infomation as completely as possible, 5200B device trees +should have two items in the compatible list; +"mpc5200b-<device>\0mpc5200-<device>". It is *strongly* recommended +that 5200B device trees follow this convention (instead of only listing +the base mpc5200 item). + +If another chip appear on the market with one of the mpc5200 SoC +devices, then the compatible list should include mpc5200-<device>. + +ie. ethernet on mpc5200: compatible = "mpc5200-ethernet" + ethernet on mpc5200b: compatible = "mpc5200b-ethernet\0mpc5200-ethernet" Modal devices, like PSCs, also append the configured function to the end of the compatible field. ie. A PSC in i2s mode would specify -"mpc52xx-psc-i2s", not "mpc52xx-i2s". This convention is chosen to +"mpc5200-psc-i2s", not "mpc5200-i2s". This convention is chosen to avoid naming conflicts with non-psc devices providing the same -function. For example, "mpc52xx-spi" and "mpc52xx-psc-spi" describe +function. For example, "mpc5200-spi" and "mpc5200-psc-spi" describe the mpc5200 simple spi device and a PSC spi mode respectively. If the soc device is more generic and present on other SOCs, the compatible property can specify the more generic device type also. -ie. mscan: compatible = "mpc5200-mscan\0mpc52xx-mscan\0fsl,mscan"; +ie. mscan: compatible = "mpc5200-mscan\0fsl,mscan"; At the time of writing, exact chip may be either 'mpc5200' or 'mpc5200b'. @@ -96,7 +115,7 @@ Device drivers should always try to match as generically as possible. III - Structure =============== -The device tree for an mpc52xx board follows the structure defined in +The device tree for an mpc5200 board follows the structure defined in booting-without-of.txt with the following additional notes: 0) the root node @@ -115,7 +134,7 @@ Typical memory description node; see booting-without-of. 3) The soc5200 node ------------------- -This node describes the on chip SOC peripherals. Every mpc52xx based +This node describes the on chip SOC peripherals. Every mpc5200 based board will have this node, and as such there is a common naming convention for SOC devices. @@ -125,71 +144,111 @@ name type description device_type string must be "soc" ranges int should be <0 baseaddr baseaddr+10000> reg int must be <baseaddr 10000> +compatible string mpc5200: "mpc5200-soc" + mpc5200b: "mpc5200b-soc\0mpc5200-soc" +system-frequency int Fsystem frequency; source of all + other clocks. +bus-frequency int IPB bus frequency in HZ. Clock rate + used by most of the soc devices. +#interrupt-cells int must be <3>. Recommended properties: name type description ---- ---- ----------- -compatible string should be "<chip>-soc\0mpc52xx-soc" - ie. "mpc5200b-soc\0mpc52xx-soc" -#interrupt-cells int must be <3>. If it is not defined - here then it must be defined in every - soc device node. -bus-frequency int IPB bus frequency in HZ. Clock rate - used by most of the soc devices. - Defining it here avoids needing it - added to every device node. +model string Exact model of the chip; + ie: model="fsl,mpc5200" +revision string Silicon revision of chip + ie: revision="M08A" + +The 'model' and 'revision' properties are *strongly* recommended. Having +them presence acts as a bit of a safety net for working around as yet +undiscovered bugs on one version of silicon. For example, device drivers +can use the model and revision properties to decide if a bug fix should +be turned on. 4) soc5200 child nodes ---------------------- Any on chip SOC devices available to Linux must appear as soc5200 child nodes. -Note: in the tables below, '*' matches all <chip> values. ie. -*-pic would translate to "mpc5200-pic\0mpc52xx-pic" +Note: The tables below show the value for the mpc5200. A mpc5200b device +tree should use the "mpc5200b-<device>\0mpc5200-<device> form. Required soc5200 child nodes: name device_type compatible Description ---- ----------- ---------- ----------- -cdm@<addr> cdm *-cmd Clock Distribution -pic@<addr> interrupt-controller *-pic need an interrupt +cdm@<addr> cdm mpc5200-cmd Clock Distribution +pic@<addr> interrupt-controller mpc5200-pic need an interrupt controller to boot -bestcomm@<addr> dma-controller *-bestcomm 52xx pic also requires - the bestcomm device +bestcomm@<addr> dma-controller mpc5200-bestcomm 5200 pic also requires + the bestcomm device Recommended soc5200 child nodes; populate as needed for your board -name device_type compatible Description ----- ----------- ---------- ----------- -gpt@<addr> gpt *-gpt General purpose timers -rtc@<addr> rtc *-rtc Real time clock -mscan@<addr> mscan *-mscan CAN bus controller -pci@<addr> pci *-pci PCI bridge -serial@<addr> serial *-psc-uart PSC in serial mode -i2s@<addr> sound *-psc-i2s PSC in i2s mode -ac97@<addr> sound *-psc-ac97 PSC in ac97 mode -spi@<addr> spi *-psc-spi PSC in spi mode -irda@<addr> irda *-psc-irda PSC in IrDA mode -spi@<addr> spi *-spi MPC52xx spi device -ethernet@<addr> network *-fec MPC52xx ethernet device -ata@<addr> ata *-ata IDE ATA interface -i2c@<addr> i2c *-i2c I2C controller -usb@<addr> usb-ohci-be *-ohci,ohci-be USB controller -xlb@<addr> xlb *-xlb XLB arbritrator +name device_type compatible Description +---- ----------- ---------- ----------- +gpt@<addr> gpt mpc5200-gpt General purpose timers +rtc@<addr> rtc mpc5200-rtc Real time clock +mscan@<addr> mscan mpc5200-mscan CAN bus controller +pci@<addr> pci mpc5200-pci PCI bridge +serial@<addr> serial mpc5200-psc-uart PSC in serial mode +i2s@<addr> sound mpc5200-psc-i2s PSC in i2s mode +ac97@<addr> sound mpc5200-psc-ac97 PSC in ac97 mode +spi@<addr> spi mpc5200-psc-spi PSC in spi mode +irda@<addr> irda mpc5200-psc-irda PSC in IrDA mode +spi@<addr> spi mpc5200-spi MPC5200 spi device +ethernet@<addr> network mpc5200-fec MPC5200 ethernet device +ata@<addr> ata mpc5200-ata IDE ATA interface +i2c@<addr> i2c mpc5200-i2c I2C controller +usb@<addr> usb-ohci-be mpc5200-ohci,ohci-be USB controller +xlb@<addr> xlb mpc5200-xlb XLB arbritrator + +Important child node properties +name type description +---- ---- ----------- +cell-index int When multiple devices are present, is the + index of the device in the hardware (ie. There + are 6 PSC on the 5200 numbered PSC1 to PSC6) + PSC1 has 'cell-index = <0>' + PSC4 has 'cell-index = <3>' + +5) General Purpose Timer nodes (child of soc5200 node) +On the mpc5200 and 5200b, GPT0 has a watchdog timer function. If the board +design supports the internal wdt, then the device node for GPT0 should +include the empty property 'has-wdt'. + +6) PSC nodes (child of soc5200 node) +PSC nodes can define the optional 'port-number' property to force assignment +order of serial ports. For example, PSC5 might be physically connected to +the port labeled 'COM1' and PSC1 wired to 'COM1'. In this case, PSC5 would +have a "port-number = <0>" property, and PSC1 would have "port-number = <1>". + +PSC in i2s mode: The mpc5200 and mpc5200b PSCs are not compatible when in +i2s mode. An 'mpc5200b-psc-i2s' node cannot include 'mpc5200-psc-i2s' in the +compatible field. IV - Extra Notes ================ 1. Interrupt mapping -------------------- -The mpc52xx pic driver splits hardware IRQ numbers into two levels. The +The mpc5200 pic driver splits hardware IRQ numbers into two levels. The split reflects the layout of the PIC hardware itself, which groups interrupts into one of three groups; CRIT, MAIN or PERP. Also, the Bestcomm dma engine has it's own set of interrupt sources which are cascaded off of peripheral interrupt 0, which the driver interprets as a fourth group, SDMA. -The interrupts property for device nodes using the mpc52xx pic consists +The interrupts property for device nodes using the mpc5200 pic consists of three cells; <L1 L2 level> L1 := [CRIT=0, MAIN=1, PERP=2, SDMA=3] L2 := interrupt number; directly mapped from the value in the "ICTL PerStat, MainStat, CritStat Encoded Register" level := [LEVEL_HIGH=0, EDGE_RISING=1, EDGE_FALLING=2, LEVEL_LOW=3] + +2. Shared registers +------------------- +Some SoC devices share registers between them. ie. the i2c devices use +a single clock control register, and almost all device are affected by +the port_config register. Devices which need to manipulate shared regs +should look to the parent SoC node. The soc node is responsible +for arbitrating all shared register access. diff --git a/Documentation/rbtree.txt b/Documentation/rbtree.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..7224459b469e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/rbtree.txt @@ -0,0 +1,192 @@ +Red-black Trees (rbtree) in Linux +January 18, 2007 +Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +============================= + +What are red-black trees, and what are they for? +------------------------------------------------ + +Red-black trees are a type of self-balancing binary search tree, used for +storing sortable key/value data pairs. This differs from radix trees (which +are used to efficiently store sparse arrays and thus use long integer indexes +to insert/access/delete nodes) and hash tables (which are not kept sorted to +be easily traversed in order, and must be tuned for a specific size and +hash function where rbtrees scale gracefully storing arbitrary keys). + +Red-black trees are similar to AVL trees, but provide faster real-time bounded +worst case performance for insertion and deletion (at most two rotations and +three rotations, respectively, to balance the tree), with slightly slower +(but still O(log n)) lookup time. + +To quote Linux Weekly News: + + There are a number of red-black trees in use in the kernel. + The anticipatory, deadline, and CFQ I/O schedulers all employ + rbtrees to track requests; the packet CD/DVD driver does the same. + The high-resolution timer code uses an rbtree to organize outstanding + timer requests. The ext3 filesystem tracks directory entries in a + red-black tree. Virtual memory areas (VMAs) are tracked with red-black + trees, as are epoll file descriptors, cryptographic keys, and network + packets in the "hierarchical token bucket" scheduler. + +This document covers use of the Linux rbtree implementation. For more +information on the nature and implementation of Red Black Trees, see: + + Linux Weekly News article on red-black trees + http://lwn.net/Articles/184495/ + + Wikipedia entry on red-black trees + http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-black_tree + +Linux implementation of red-black trees +--------------------------------------- + +Linux's rbtree implementation lives in the file "lib/rbtree.c". To use it, +"#include <linux/rbtree.h>". + +The Linux rbtree implementation is optimized for speed, and thus has one +less layer of indirection (and better cache locality) than more traditional +tree implementations. Instead of using pointers to separate rb_node and data +structures, each instance of struct rb_node is embedded in the data structure +it organizes. And instead of using a comparison callback function pointer, +users are expected to write their own tree search and insert functions +which call the provided rbtree functions. Locking is also left up to the +user of the rbtree code. + +Creating a new rbtree +--------------------- + +Data nodes in an rbtree tree are structures containing a struct rb_node member: + + struct mytype { + struct rb_node node; + char *keystring; + }; + +When dealing with a pointer to the embedded struct rb_node, the containing data +structure may be accessed with the standard container_of() macro. In addition, +individual members may be accessed directly via rb_entry(node, type, member). + +At the root of each rbtree is an rb_root structure, which is initialized to be +empty via: + + struct rb_root mytree = RB_ROOT; + +Searching for a value in an rbtree +---------------------------------- + +Writing a search function for your tree is fairly straightforward: start at the +root, compare each value, and follow the left or right branch as necessary. + +Example: + + struct mytype *my_search(struct rb_root *root, char *string) + { + struct rb_node *node = root->rb_node; + + while (node) { + struct mytype *data = container_of(node, struct mytype, node); + int result; + + result = strcmp(string, data->keystring); + + if (result < 0) + node = node->rb_left; + else if (result > 0) + node = node->rb_right; + else + return data; + } + return NULL; + } + +Inserting data into an rbtree +----------------------------- + +Inserting data in the tree involves first searching for the place to insert the +new node, then inserting the node and rebalancing ("recoloring") the tree. + +The search for insertion differs from the previous search by finding the +location of the pointer on which to graft the new node. The new node also +needs a link to its parent node for rebalancing purposes. + +Example: + + int my_insert(struct rb_root *root, struct mytype *data) + { + struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL; + + /* Figure out where to put new node */ + while (*new) { + struct mytype *this = container_of(*new, struct mytype, node); + int result = strcmp(data->keystring, this->keystring); + + parent = *new; + if (result < 0) + new = &((*new)->rb_left); + else if (result > 0) + new = &((*new)->rb_right); + else + return FALSE; + } + + /* Add new node and rebalance tree. */ + rb_link_node(data->node, parent, new); + rb_insert_color(data->node, root); + + return TRUE; + } + +Removing or replacing existing data in an rbtree +------------------------------------------------ + +To remove an existing node from a tree, call: + + void rb_erase(struct rb_node *victim, struct rb_root *tree); + +Example: + + struct mytype *data = mysearch(mytree, "walrus"); + + if (data) { + rb_erase(data->node, mytree); + myfree(data); + } + +To replace an existing node in a tree with a new one with the same key, call: + + void rb_replace_node(struct rb_node *old, struct rb_node *new, + struct rb_root *tree); + +Replacing a node this way does not re-sort the tree: If the new node doesn't +have the same key as the old node, the rbtree will probably become corrupted. + +Iterating through the elements stored in an rbtree (in sort order) +------------------------------------------------------------------ + +Four functions are provided for iterating through an rbtree's contents in +sorted order. These work on arbitrary trees, and should not need to be +modified or wrapped (except for locking purposes): + + struct rb_node *rb_first(struct rb_root *tree); + struct rb_node *rb_last(struct rb_root *tree); + struct rb_node *rb_next(struct rb_node *node); + struct rb_node *rb_prev(struct rb_node *node); + +To start iterating, call rb_first() or rb_last() with a pointer to the root +of the tree, which will return a pointer to the node structure contained in +the first or last element in the tree. To continue, fetch the next or previous +node by calling rb_next() or rb_prev() on the current node. This will return +NULL when there are no more nodes left. + +The iterator functions return a pointer to the embedded struct rb_node, from +which the containing data structure may be accessed with the container_of() +macro, and individual members may be accessed directly via +rb_entry(node, type, member). + +Example: + + struct rb_node *node; + for (node = rb_first(&mytree); node; node = rb_next(node)) + printk("key=%s\n", rb_entry(node, int, keystring)); + diff --git a/Documentation/rtc.txt b/Documentation/rtc.txt index 7cf1ec5bcdd3..1ef6bb88cd00 100644 --- a/Documentation/rtc.txt +++ b/Documentation/rtc.txt @@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ RTC class framework, but can't be supported by the older driver. is connected to an IRQ line, it can often issue an alarm IRQ up to 24 hours in the future. - * RTC_WKALM_SET, RTC_WKALM_READ ... RTCs that can issue alarms beyond + * RTC_WKALM_SET, RTC_WKALM_RD ... RTCs that can issue alarms beyond the next 24 hours use a slightly more powerful API, which supports setting the longer alarm time and enabling its IRQ using a single request (using the same model as EFI firmware). @@ -167,6 +167,28 @@ Linux out of a low power sleep state (or hibernation) back to a fully operational state. For example, a system could enter a deep power saving state until it's time to execute some scheduled tasks. +Note that many of these ioctls need not actually be implemented by your +driver. The common rtc-dev interface handles many of these nicely if your +driver returns ENOIOCTLCMD. Some common examples: + + * RTC_RD_TIME, RTC_SET_TIME: the read_time/set_time functions will be + called with appropriate values. + + * RTC_ALM_SET, RTC_ALM_READ, RTC_WKALM_SET, RTC_WKALM_RD: the + set_alarm/read_alarm functions will be called. To differentiate + between the ALM and WKALM, check the larger fields of the rtc_wkalrm + struct (like tm_year). These will be set to -1 when using ALM and + will be set to proper values when using WKALM. + + * RTC_IRQP_SET, RTC_IRQP_READ: the irq_set_freq function will be called + to set the frequency while the framework will handle the read for you + since the frequency is stored in the irq_freq member of the rtc_device + structure. Also make sure you set the max_user_freq member in your + initialization routines so the framework can sanity check the user + input for you. + +If all else fails, check out the rtc-test.c driver! + -------------------- 8< ---------------- 8< ----------------------------- @@ -237,7 +259,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) "\n...Update IRQs not supported.\n"); goto test_READ; } - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_UIE_ON ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -284,7 +306,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) /* Turn off update interrupts */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_UIE_OFF, 0); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_UIE_OFF ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -292,7 +314,7 @@ test_READ: /* Read the RTC time/date */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_RD_TIME, &rtc_tm); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_RD_TIME ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -320,14 +342,14 @@ test_READ: "\n...Alarm IRQs not supported.\n"); goto test_PIE; } - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_ALM_SET ioctl"); exit(errno); } /* Read the current alarm settings */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_ALM_READ, &rtc_tm); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_ALM_READ ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -337,7 +359,7 @@ test_READ: /* Enable alarm interrupts */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_ON, 0); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_AIE_ON ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -355,7 +377,7 @@ test_READ: /* Disable alarm interrupts */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_AIE_OFF, 0); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_AIE_OFF ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -368,7 +390,7 @@ test_PIE: fprintf(stderr, "\nNo periodic IRQ support\n"); return 0; } - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_IRQP_READ ioctl"); exit(errno); } fprintf(stderr, "\nPeriodic IRQ rate is %ldHz.\n", tmp); @@ -387,7 +409,7 @@ test_PIE: "\n...Periodic IRQ rate is fixed\n"); goto done; } - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_IRQP_SET ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -397,7 +419,7 @@ test_PIE: /* Enable periodic interrupts */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_ON, 0); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_PIE_ON ioctl"); exit(errno); } @@ -416,7 +438,7 @@ test_PIE: /* Disable periodic interrupts */ retval = ioctl(fd, RTC_PIE_OFF, 0); if (retval == -1) { - perror("ioctl"); + perror("RTC_PIE_OFF ioctl"); exit(errno); } } diff --git a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt index 3f9ddbc23b27..0993969609cf 100644 --- a/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt +++ b/Documentation/s390/Debugging390.txt @@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ r2 argument 0 / return value 0 call-clobbered r3 argument 1 / return value 1 (if long long) call-clobbered r4 argument 2 call-clobbered r5 argument 3 call-clobbered -r6 argument 5 saved +r6 argument 4 saved r7 pointer-to arguments 5 to ... saved r8 this & that saved r9 this & that saved diff --git a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid index a056bbe67c7e..37796fe45bd0 100644 --- a/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid +++ b/Documentation/scsi/ChangeLog.megaraid @@ -1,3 +1,19 @@ +Release Date : Thu Nov 16 15:32:35 EST 2006 - + Sumant Patro <sumant.patro@lsi.com> +Current Version : 2.20.5.1 (scsi module), 2.20.2.6 (cmm module) +Older Version : 2.20.4.9 (scsi module), 2.20.2.6 (cmm module) + +1. Changes in Initialization to fix kdump failure. + Send SYNC command on loading. + This command clears the pending commands in the adapter + and re-initialize its internal RAID structure. + Without this change, megaraid driver either panics or fails to + initialize the adapter during kdump's second kernel boot + if there are pending commands or interrupts from other devices + sharing the same IRQ. +2. Authors email-id domain name changed from lsil.com to lsi.com. + Also modified the MODULE_AUTHOR to megaraidlinux@lsi.com + Release Date : Fri May 19 09:31:45 EST 2006 - Seokmann Ju <sju@lsil.com> Current Version : 2.20.4.9 (scsi module), 2.20.2.6 (cmm module) Older Version : 2.20.4.8 (scsi module), 2.20.2.6 (cmm module) diff --git a/Documentation/sony-laptop.txt b/Documentation/sony-laptop.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..dfd26df056f4 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sony-laptop.txt @@ -0,0 +1,106 @@ +Sony Notebook Control Driver (SNC) Readme +----------------------------------------- + Copyright (C) 2004- 2005 Stelian Pop <stelian@popies.net> + Copyright (C) 2007 Mattia Dongili <malattia@linux.it> + +This mini-driver drives the SNC device present in the ACPI BIOS of +the Sony Vaio laptops. + +It gives access to some extra laptop functionalities. In its current +form, this driver let the user set or query the screen brightness +through the backlight subsystem and remove/apply power to some devices. + +Backlight control: +------------------ +If your laptop model supports it, you will find sysfs files in the +/sys/class/backlight/sony/ +directory. You will be able to query and set the current screen +brightness: + brightness get/set screen brightness (an iteger + between 0 and 7) + actual_brightness reading from this file will query the HW + to get real brightness value + max_brightness the maximum brightness value + + +Platform specific: +------------------ +Loading the sony-laptop module will create a +/sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/ +directory populated with some files. + +You then read/write integer values from/to those files by using +standard UNIX tools. + +The files are: + brightness_default screen brightness which will be set + when the laptop will be rebooted + cdpower power on/off the internal CD drive + audiopower power on/off the internal sound card + lanpower power on/off the internal ethernet card + (only in debug mode) + +Note that some files may be missing if they are not supported +by your particular laptop model. + +Example usage: + # echo "1" > /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/brightness_default +sets the lowest screen brightness for the next and later reboots, + # echo "8" > /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/brightness_default +sets the highest screen brightness for the next and later reboots, + # cat /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/brightness_default +retrieves the value. + + # echo "0" > /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/audiopower +powers off the sound card, + # echo "1" > /sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop/audiopower +powers on the sound card. + +Development: +------------ + +If you want to help with the development of this driver (and +you are not afraid of any side effects doing strange things with +your ACPI BIOS could have on your laptop), load the driver and +pass the option 'debug=1'. + +REPEAT: DON'T DO THIS IF YOU DON'T LIKE RISKY BUSINESS. + +In your kernel logs you will find the list of all ACPI methods +the SNC device has on your laptop. You can see the GCDP/GCDP methods +used to pwer on/off the CD drive, but there are others. + +I HAVE NO IDEA WHAT THOSE METHODS DO. + +The sony-laptop driver creates, for some of those methods (the most +current ones found on several Vaio models), an entry under +/sys/devices/platform/sony-laptop, just like the 'cdpower' one. +You can create other entries corresponding to your own laptop methods by +further editing the source (see the 'sony_acpi_values' table, and add a new +entry to this table with your get/set method names using the +HANDLE_NAMES macro). + +Your mission, should you accept it, is to try finding out what +those entries are for, by reading/writing random values from/to those +files and find out what is the impact on your laptop. + +Should you find anything interesting, please report it back to me, +I will not disavow all knowledge of your actions :) + +Bugs/Limitations: +----------------- + +* This driver is not based on official documentation from Sony + (because there is none), so there is no guarantee this driver + will work at all, or do the right thing. Although this hasn't + happened to me, this driver could do very bad things to your + laptop, including permanent damage. + +* The sony-laptop and sonypi drivers do not interact at all. In the + future, sonypi could use sony-laptop to do (part of) its business. + +* spicctrl, which is the userspace tool used to communicate with the + sonypi driver (through /dev/sonypi) does not try to use the + sony-laptop driver. In the future, spicctrl could try sonypi first, + and if it isn't present, try sony-laptop instead. + diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt index 9fef210ab50a..c30ff1bb2d10 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/ALSA-Configuration.txt @@ -242,6 +242,12 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. ac97_clock - AC'97 clock (default = 48000) ac97_quirk - AC'97 workaround for strange hardware See "AC97 Quirk Option" section below. + ac97_codec - Workaround to specify which AC'97 codec + instead of probing. If this works for you + file a bug with your `lspci -vn` output. + -2 -- Force probing. + -1 -- Default behavior. + 0-2 -- Use the specified codec. spdif_aclink - S/PDIF transfer over AC-link (default = 1) This module supports one card and autoprobe. @@ -779,6 +785,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. asus-dig ASUS with SPDIF out asus-dig2 ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2) uniwill 3-jack + fujitsu Fujitsu Laptops (Pi1536) F1734 2-jack lg LG laptop (m1 express dual) lg-lw LG LW20/LW25 laptop @@ -800,14 +807,18 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. ALC262 fujitsu Fujitsu Laptop hp-bpc HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops + hp-bpc-d7000 HP BPC D7000 benq Benq ED8 + hippo Hippo (ATI) with jack detection, Sony UX-90s + hippo_1 Hippo (Benq) with jack detection basic fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) ALC882/885 3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O - 6stck-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O + 6stack-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O arima Arima W820Di1 + macpro MacPro support auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) ALC883/888 @@ -817,6 +828,10 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. 3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O 6stack-dig-demo 6-jack digital for Intel demo board acer Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc) + medion Medion Laptops + targa-dig Targa/MSI + targa-2ch-dig Targs/MSI with 2-channel + laptop-eapd 3-jack with SPDIF I/O and EAPD (Clevo M540JE, M550JE) auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) ALC861/660 @@ -825,6 +840,16 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. 6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF I/O 3stack-660 3-jack (for ALC660) uniwill-m31 Uniwill M31 laptop + toshiba Toshiba laptop support + asus Asus laptop support + asus-laptop ASUS F2/F3 laptops + auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) + + ALC861VD/660VD + 3stack 3-jack + 3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF OUT + 6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF OUT + 3stack-660 3-jack (for ALC660VD) auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) CMI9880 @@ -845,6 +870,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. 3stack 3-stack, shared surrounds laptop 2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50) laptop-eapd 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J) + ultra 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung Ultra tablet PC) AD1988 6stack 6-jack @@ -854,12 +880,31 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. laptop 3-jack with hp-jack automute laptop-dig ditto with SPDIF auto auto-config reading BIOS (default) + + Conexant 5045 + laptop Laptop config + test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls + can be adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with + $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y + + Conexant 5047 + laptop Basic Laptop config + laptop-hp Laptop config for some HP models (subdevice 30A5) + laptop-eapd Laptop config with EAPD support + test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls + can be adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with + $CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y STAC9200/9205/9220/9221/9254 ref Reference board 3stack D945 3stack 5stack D945 5stack + SPDIF + STAC9202/9250/9251 + ref Reference board, base config + m2-2 Some Gateway MX series laptops + m6 Some Gateway NX series laptops + STAC9227/9228/9229/927x ref Reference board 3stack D965 3stack @@ -974,6 +1019,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. Module for Envy24HT (VT/ICE1724), Envy24PT (VT1720) based PCI sound cards. * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 5.1 * MidiMan M Audio Revolution 7.1 + * MidiMan M Audio Audiophile 192 * AMP Ltd AUDIO2000 * TerraTec Aureon 5.1 Sky * TerraTec Aureon 7.1 Space @@ -993,7 +1039,7 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. model - Use the given board model, one of the following: revo51, revo71, amp2000, prodigy71, prodigy71lt, - prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe, + prodigy192, aureon51, aureon71, universe, ap192, k8x800, phase22, phase28, ms300, av710 This module supports multiple cards and autoprobe. @@ -1049,6 +1095,9 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. buggy_semaphore - Enable workaround for hardwares with buggy semaphores (e.g. on some ASUS laptops) (default off) + spdif_aclink - Use S/PDIF over AC-link instead of direct connection + from the controller chip + (0 = off, 1 = on, -1 = default) This module supports one chip and autoprobe. @@ -1371,6 +1420,13 @@ Prior to version 0.9.0rc4 options had a 'snd_' prefix. This was removed. This module supports multiple cards. + Module snd-portman2x4 + --------------------- + + Module for Midiman Portman 2x4 parallel port MIDI interface + + This module supports multiple cards. + Module snd-powermac (on ppc only) --------------------------------- diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/alsa-driver-api.tmpl b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/alsa-driver-api.tmpl index 1f3ae3e32d69..c4d2e3507af9 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/alsa-driver-api.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/alsa-driver-api.tmpl @@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ </bookinfo> <chapter><title>Management of Cards and Devices</title> - <sect1><title>Card Managment</title> + <sect1><title>Card Management</title> !Esound/core/init.c </sect1> <sect1><title>Device Components</title> @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ <sect1><title>PCM Format Helpers</title> !Esound/core/pcm_misc.c </sect1> - <sect1><title>PCM Memory Managment</title> + <sect1><title>PCM Memory Management</title> !Esound/core/pcm_memory.c </sect1> </chapter> diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl index ccd0a953953d..74d3a35b59bc 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/DocBook/writing-an-alsa-driver.tmpl @@ -1360,8 +1360,7 @@ <informalexample> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ - static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, - struct pt_regs *regs) + static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct mychip *chip = dev_id; .... @@ -2127,7 +2126,7 @@ accessible via <constant>substream->runtime</constant>. This runtime pointer holds the various information; it holds the copy of hw_params and sw_params configurations, the buffer - pointers, mmap records, spinlocks, etc. Almost everyhing you + pointers, mmap records, spinlocks, etc. Almost everything you need for controlling the PCM can be found there. </para> @@ -2340,7 +2339,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <para> When the PCM substreams can be synchronized (typically, - synchorinized start/stop of a playback and a capture streams), + synchronized start/stop of a playback and a capture streams), you can give <constant>SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_START</constant>, too. In this case, you'll need to check the linked-list of PCM substreams in the trigger callback. This will be @@ -3062,8 +3061,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <title>Interrupt Handler Case #1</title> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ - static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, - struct pt_regs *regs) + static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct mychip *chip = dev_id; spin_lock(&chip->lock); @@ -3106,8 +3104,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <title>Interrupt Handler Case #2</title> <programlisting> <![CDATA[ - static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id, - struct pt_regs *regs) + static irqreturn_t snd_mychip_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct mychip *chip = dev_id; spin_lock(&chip->lock); @@ -3247,7 +3244,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { You can even define your own constraint rules. For example, let's suppose my_chip can manage a substream of 1 channel if and only if the format is S16_LE, otherwise it supports any format - specified in the <structname>snd_pcm_hardware</structname> stucture (or in any + specified in the <structname>snd_pcm_hardware</structname> structure (or in any other constraint_list). You can build a rule like this: <example> @@ -3691,16 +3688,6 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { </para> <para> - Here, the chip instance is retrieved via - <function>snd_kcontrol_chip()</function> macro. This macro - just accesses to kcontrol->private_data. The - kcontrol->private_data field is - given as the argument of <function>snd_ctl_new()</function> - (see the later subsection - <link linkend="control-interface-constructor"><citetitle>Constructor</citetitle></link>). - </para> - - <para> The <structfield>value</structfield> field is depending on the type of control as well as on info callback. For example, the sb driver uses this field to store the register offset, @@ -3780,7 +3767,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <para> Like <structfield>get</structfield> callback, when the control has more than one elements, - all elemehts must be evaluated in this callback, too. + all elements must be evaluated in this callback, too. </para> </section> @@ -5541,12 +5528,12 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { #ifdef CONFIG_PM static int snd_my_suspend(struct pci_dev *pci, pm_message_t state) { - .... /* do things for suspsend */ + .... /* do things for suspend */ return 0; } static int snd_my_resume(struct pci_dev *pci) { - .... /* do things for suspsend */ + .... /* do things for suspend */ return 0; } #endif @@ -6111,7 +6098,7 @@ struct _snd_pcm_runtime { <!-- ****************************************************** --> <!-- Acknowledgments --> <!-- ****************************************************** --> - <chapter id="acknowledments"> + <chapter id="acknowledgments"> <title>Acknowledgments</title> <para> I would like to thank Phil Kerr for his help for improvement and diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt index 0be57ed81302..4eaae2a45534 100644 --- a/Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/hda_codec.txt @@ -277,11 +277,11 @@ Helper Functions snd_hda_get_codec_name() stores the codec name on the given string. snd_hda_check_board_config() can be used to obtain the configuration -information matching with the device. Define the table with struct -hda_board_config entries (zero-terminated), and pass it to the -function. The function checks the modelname given as a module -parameter, and PCI subsystem IDs. If the matching entry is found, it -returns the config field value. +information matching with the device. Define the model string table +and the table with struct snd_pci_quirk entries (zero-terminated), +and pass it to the function. The function checks the modelname given +as a module parameter, and PCI subsystem IDs. If the matching entry +is found, it returns the config field value. snd_hda_add_new_ctls() can be used to create and add control entries. Pass the zero-terminated array of struct snd_kcontrol_new. The same array diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..58cbfd01ea8f --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/DAI.txt @@ -0,0 +1,56 @@ +ASoC currently supports the three main Digital Audio Interfaces (DAI) found on +SoC controllers and portable audio CODECS today, namely AC97, I2S and PCM. + + +AC97 +==== + + AC97 is a five wire interface commonly found on many PC sound cards. It is +now also popular in many portable devices. This DAI has a reset line and time +multiplexes its data on its SDATA_OUT (playback) and SDATA_IN (capture) lines. +The bit clock (BCLK) is always driven by the CODEC (usually 12.288MHz) and the +frame (FRAME) (usually 48kHz) is always driven by the controller. Each AC97 +frame is 21uS long and is divided into 13 time slots. + +The AC97 specification can be found at :- +http://www.intel.com/design/chipsets/audio/ac97_r23.pdf + + +I2S +=== + + I2S is a common 4 wire DAI used in HiFi, STB and portable devices. The Tx and +Rx lines are used for audio transmision, whilst the bit clock (BCLK) and +left/right clock (LRC) synchronise the link. I2S is flexible in that either the +controller or CODEC can drive (master) the BCLK and LRC clock lines. Bit clock +usually varies depending on the sample rate and the master system clock +(SYSCLK). LRCLK is the same as the sample rate. A few devices support separate +ADC and DAC LRCLK's, this allows for similtanious capture and playback at +different sample rates. + +I2S has several different operating modes:- + + o I2S - MSB is transmitted on the falling edge of the first BCLK after LRC + transition. + + o Left Justified - MSB is transmitted on transition of LRC. + + o Right Justified - MSB is transmitted sample size BCLK's before LRC + transition. + +PCM +=== + +PCM is another 4 wire interface, very similar to I2S, that can support a more +flexible protocol. It has bit clock (BCLK) and sync (SYNC) lines that are used +to synchronise the link whilst the Tx and Rx lines are used to transmit and +receive the audio data. Bit clock usually varies depending on sample rate +whilst sync runs at the sample rate. PCM also supports Time Division +Multiplexing (TDM) in that several devices can use the bus similtaniuosly (This +is sometimes referred to as network mode). + +Common PCM operating modes:- + + o Mode A - MSB is transmitted on falling edge of first BCLK after FRAME/SYNC. + + o Mode B - MSB is transmitted on rising edge of FRAME/SYNC. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e93960d53a1e --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/clocking.txt @@ -0,0 +1,51 @@ +Audio Clocking +============== + +This text describes the audio clocking terms in ASoC and digital audio in +general. Note: Audio clocking can be complex ! + + +Master Clock +------------ + +Every audio subsystem is driven by a master clock (sometimes refered to as MCLK +or SYSCLK). This audio master clock can be derived from a number of sources +(e.g. crystal, PLL, CPU clock) and is responsible for producing the correct +audio playback and capture sample rates. + +Some master clocks (e.g. PLL's and CPU based clocks) are configuarble in that +their speed can be altered by software (depending on the system use and to save +power). Other master clocks are fixed at at set frequency (i.e. crystals). + + +DAI Clocks +---------- +The Digital Audio Interface is usually driven by a Bit Clock (often referred to +as BCLK). This clock is used to drive the digital audio data across the link +between the codec and CPU. + +The DAI also has a frame clock to signal the start of each audio frame. This +clock is sometimes referred to as LRC (left right clock) or FRAME. This clock +runs at exactly the sample rate (LRC = Rate). + +Bit Clock can be generated as follows:- + +BCLK = MCLK / x + + or + +BCLK = LRC * x + + or + +BCLK = LRC * Channels * Word Size + +This relationship depends on the codec or SoC CPU in particular. In general +it's best to configure BCLK to the lowest possible speed (depending on your +rate, number of channels and wordsize) to save on power. + +It's also desireable to use the codec (if possible) to drive (or master) the +audio clocks as it's usually gives more accurate sample rates than the CPU. + + + diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..48983c75aad9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/codec.txt @@ -0,0 +1,197 @@ +ASoC Codec Driver +================= + +The codec driver is generic and hardware independent code that configures the +codec to provide audio capture and playback. It should contain no code that is +specific to the target platform or machine. All platform and machine specific +code should be added to the platform and machine drivers respectively. + +Each codec driver *must* provide the following features:- + + 1) Codec DAI and PCM configuration + 2) Codec control IO - using I2C, 3 Wire(SPI) or both API's + 3) Mixers and audio controls + 4) Codec audio operations + +Optionally, codec drivers can also provide:- + + 5) DAPM description. + 6) DAPM event handler. + 7) DAC Digital mute control. + +It's probably best to use this guide in conjuction with the existing codec +driver code in sound/soc/codecs/ + +ASoC Codec driver breakdown +=========================== + +1 - Codec DAI and PCM configuration +----------------------------------- +Each codec driver must have a struct snd_soc_codec_dai to define it's DAI and +PCM's capablities and operations. This struct is exported so that it can be +registered with the core by your machine driver. + +e.g. + +struct snd_soc_codec_dai wm8731_dai = { + .name = "WM8731", + /* playback capabilities */ + .playback = { + .stream_name = "Playback", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + .rates = WM8731_RATES, + .formats = WM8731_FORMATS,}, + /* capture capabilities */ + .capture = { + .stream_name = "Capture", + .channels_min = 1, + .channels_max = 2, + .rates = WM8731_RATES, + .formats = WM8731_FORMATS,}, + /* pcm operations - see section 4 below */ + .ops = { + .prepare = wm8731_pcm_prepare, + .hw_params = wm8731_hw_params, + .shutdown = wm8731_shutdown, + }, + /* DAI operations - see DAI.txt */ + .dai_ops = { + .digital_mute = wm8731_mute, + .set_sysclk = wm8731_set_dai_sysclk, + .set_fmt = wm8731_set_dai_fmt, + } +}; +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(wm8731_dai); + + +2 - Codec control IO +-------------------- +The codec can ususally be controlled via an I2C or SPI style interface (AC97 +combines control with data in the DAI). The codec drivers will have to provide +functions to read and write the codec registers along with supplying a register +cache:- + + /* IO control data and register cache */ + void *control_data; /* codec control (i2c/3wire) data */ + void *reg_cache; + +Codec read/write should do any data formatting and call the hardware read write +below to perform the IO. These functions are called by the core and alsa when +performing DAPM or changing the mixer:- + + unsigned int (*read)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int); + int (*write)(struct snd_soc_codec *, unsigned int, unsigned int); + +Codec hardware IO functions - usually points to either the I2C, SPI or AC97 +read/write:- + + hw_write_t hw_write; + hw_read_t hw_read; + + +3 - Mixers and audio controls +----------------------------- +All the codec mixers and audio controls can be defined using the convenience +macros defined in soc.h. + + #define SOC_SINGLE(xname, reg, shift, mask, invert) + +Defines a single control as follows:- + + xname = Control name e.g. "Playback Volume" + reg = codec register + shift = control bit(s) offset in register + mask = control bit size(s) e.g. mask of 7 = 3 bits + invert = the control is inverted + +Other macros include:- + + #define SOC_DOUBLE(xname, reg, shift_left, shift_right, mask, invert) + +A stereo control + + #define SOC_DOUBLE_R(xname, reg_left, reg_right, shift, mask, invert) + +A stereo control spanning 2 registers + + #define SOC_ENUM_SINGLE(xreg, xshift, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines an single enumerated control as follows:- + + xreg = register + xshift = control bit(s) offset in register + xmask = control bit(s) size + xtexts = pointer to array of strings that describe each setting + + #define SOC_ENUM_DOUBLE(xreg, xshift_l, xshift_r, xmask, xtexts) + +Defines a stereo enumerated control + + +4 - Codec Audio Operations +-------------------------- +The codec driver also supports the following alsa operations:- + +/* SoC audio ops */ +struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + void (*shutdown)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*hw_params)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, struct snd_pcm_hw_params *); + int (*hw_free)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*prepare)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); +}; + +Please refer to the alsa driver PCM documentation for details. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm + + +5 - DAPM description. +--------------------- +The Dynamic Audio Power Management description describes the codec's power +components, their relationships and registers to the ASoC core. Please read +dapm.txt for details of building the description. + +Please also see the examples in other codec drivers. + + +6 - DAPM event handler +---------------------- +This function is a callback that handles codec domain PM calls and system +domain PM calls (e.g. suspend and resume). It's used to put the codec to sleep +when not in use. + +Power states:- + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0: /* full On */ + /* vref/mid, clk and osc on, active */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D1: /* partial On */ + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D2: /* partial On */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot: /* Off, with power */ + /* everything off except vref/vmid, inactive */ + + SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3cold: /* Everything Off, without power */ + + +7 - Codec DAC digital mute control. +------------------------------------ +Most codecs have a digital mute before the DAC's that can be used to minimise +any system noise. The mute stops any digital data from entering the DAC. + +A callback can be created that is called by the core for each codec DAI when the +mute is applied or freed. + +i.e. + +static int wm8974_mute(struct snd_soc_codec *codec, + struct snd_soc_codec_dai *dai, int mute) +{ + u16 mute_reg = wm8974_read_reg_cache(codec, WM8974_DAC) & 0xffbf; + if(mute) + wm8974_write(codec, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg | 0x40); + else + wm8974_write(codec, WM8974_DAC, mute_reg); + return 0; +} diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..c11877f5b4a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/dapm.txt @@ -0,0 +1,297 @@ +Dynamic Audio Power Management for Portable Devices +=================================================== + +1. Description +============== + +Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM) is designed to allow portable Linux devices +to use the minimum amount of power within the audio subsystem at all times. It +is independent of other kernel PM and as such, can easily co-exist with the +other PM systems. + +DAPM is also completely transparent to all user space applications as all power +switching is done within the ASoC core. No code changes or recompiling are +required for user space applications. DAPM makes power switching descisions based +upon any audio stream (capture/playback) activity and audio mixer settings +within the device. + +DAPM spans the whole machine. It covers power control within the entire audio +subsystem, this includes internal codec power blocks and machine level power +systems. + +There are 4 power domains within DAPM + + 1. Codec domain - VREF, VMID (core codec and audio power) + Usually controlled at codec probe/remove and suspend/resume, although + can be set at stream time if power is not needed for sidetone, etc. + + 2. Platform/Machine domain - physically connected inputs and outputs + Is platform/machine and user action specific, is configured by the + machine driver and responds to asynchronous events e.g when HP + are inserted + + 3. Path domain - audio susbsystem signal paths + Automatically set when mixer and mux settings are changed by the user. + e.g. alsamixer, amixer. + + 4. Stream domain - DAC's and ADC's. + Enabled and disabled when stream playback/capture is started and + stopped respectively. e.g. aplay, arecord. + +All DAPM power switching descisons are made automatically by consulting an audio +routing map of the whole machine. This map is specific to each machine and +consists of the interconnections between every audio component (including +internal codec components). All audio components that effect power are called +widgets hereafter. + + +2. DAPM Widgets +=============== + +Audio DAPM widgets fall into a number of types:- + + o Mixer - Mixes several analog signals into a single analog signal. + o Mux - An analog switch that outputs only 1 of it's inputs. + o PGA - A programmable gain amplifier or attenuation widget. + o ADC - Analog to Digital Converter + o DAC - Digital to Analog Converter + o Switch - An analog switch + o Input - A codec input pin + o Output - A codec output pin + o Headphone - Headphone (and optional Jack) + o Mic - Mic (and optional Jack) + o Line - Line Input/Output (and optional Jack) + o Speaker - Speaker + o Pre - Special PRE widget (exec before all others) + o Post - Special POST widget (exec after all others) + +(Widgets are defined in include/sound/soc-dapm.h) + +Widgets are usually added in the codec driver and the machine driver. There are +convience macros defined in soc-dapm.h that can be used to quickly build a +list of widgets of the codecs and machines DAPM widgets. + +Most widgets have a name, register, shift and invert. Some widgets have extra +parameters for stream name and kcontrols. + + +2.1 Stream Domain Widgets +------------------------- + +Stream Widgets relate to the stream power domain and only consist of ADC's +(analog to digital converters) and DAC's (digital to analog converters). + +Stream widgets have the following format:- + +SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC(name, stream name, reg, shift, invert), + +NOTE: the stream name must match the corresponding stream name in your codecs +snd_soc_codec_dai. + +e.g. stream widgets for HiFi playback and capture + +SND_SOC_DAPM_DAC("HiFi DAC", "HiFi Playback", REG, 3, 1), +SND_SOC_DAPM_ADC("HiFi ADC", "HiFi Capture", REG, 2, 1), + + +2.2 Path Domain Widgets +----------------------- + +Path domain widgets have a ability to control or effect the audio signal or +audio paths within the audio subsystem. They have the following form:- + +SND_SOC_DAPM_PGA(name, reg, shift, invert, controls, num_controls) + +Any widget kcontrols can be set using the controls and num_controls members. + +e.g. Mixer widget (the kcontrols are declared first) + +/* Output Mixer */ +static const snd_kcontrol_new_t wm8731_output_mixer_controls[] = { +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Line Bypass Switch", WM8731_APANA, 3, 1, 0), +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("Mic Sidetone Switch", WM8731_APANA, 5, 1, 0), +SOC_DAPM_SINGLE("HiFi Playback Switch", WM8731_APANA, 4, 1, 0), +}; + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("Output Mixer", WM8731_PWR, 4, 1, wm8731_output_mixer_controls, + ARRAY_SIZE(wm8731_output_mixer_controls)), + + +2.3 Platform/Machine domain Widgets +----------------------------------- + +Machine widgets are different from codec widgets in that they don't have a +codec register bit associated with them. A machine widget is assigned to each +machine audio component (non codec) that can be independently powered. e.g. + + o Speaker Amp + o Microphone Bias + o Jack connectors + +A machine widget can have an optional call back. + +e.g. Jack connector widget for an external Mic that enables Mic Bias +when the Mic is inserted:- + +static int spitz_mic_bias(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget* w, int event) +{ + if(SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)) + set_scoop_gpio(&spitzscoop2_device.dev, SPITZ_SCP2_MIC_BIAS); + else + reset_scoop_gpio(&spitzscoop2_device.dev, SPITZ_SCP2_MIC_BIAS); + + return 0; +} + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIC("Mic Jack", spitz_mic_bias), + + +2.4 Codec Domain +---------------- + +The Codec power domain has no widgets and is handled by the codecs DAPM event +handler. This handler is called when the codec powerstate is changed wrt to any +stream event or by kernel PM events. + + +2.5 Virtual Widgets +------------------- + +Sometimes widgets exist in the codec or machine audio map that don't have any +corresponding register bit for power control. In this case it's necessary to +create a virtual widget - a widget with no control bits e.g. + +SND_SOC_DAPM_MIXER("AC97 Mixer", SND_SOC_DAPM_NOPM, 0, 0, NULL, 0), + +This can be used to merge to signal paths together in software. + +After all the widgets have been defined, they can then be added to the DAPM +subsystem individually with a call to snd_soc_dapm_new_control(). + + +3. Codec Widget Interconnections +================================ + +Widgets are connected to each other within the codec and machine by audio +paths (called interconnections). Each interconnection must be defined in order +to create a map of all audio paths between widgets. +This is easiest with a diagram of the codec (and schematic of the machine audio +system), as it requires joining widgets together via their audio signal paths. + +i.e. from the WM8731 codec's output mixer (wm8731.c) + +The WM8731 output mixer has 3 inputs (sources) + + 1. Line Bypass Input + 2. DAC (HiFi playback) + 3. Mic Sidetone Input + +Each input in this example has a kcontrol associated with it (defined in example +above) and is connected to the output mixer via it's kcontrol name. We can now +connect the destination widget (wrt audio signal) with it's source widgets. + + /* output mixer */ + {"Output Mixer", "Line Bypass Switch", "Line Input"}, + {"Output Mixer", "HiFi Playback Switch", "DAC"}, + {"Output Mixer", "Mic Sidetone Switch", "Mic Bias"}, + +So we have :- + + Destination Widget <=== Path Name <=== Source Widget + +Or:- + + Sink, Path, Source + +Or :- + + "Output Mixer" is connected to the "DAC" via the "HiFi Playback Switch". + +When there is no path name connecting widgets (e.g. a direct connection) we +pass NULL for the path name. + +Interconnections are created with a call to:- + +snd_soc_dapm_connect_input(codec, sink, path, source); + +Finally, snd_soc_dapm_new_widgets(codec) must be called after all widgets and +interconnections have been registered with the core. This causes the core to +scan the codec and machine so that the internal DAPM state matches the +physical state of the machine. + + +3.1 Machine Widget Interconnections +----------------------------------- +Machine widget interconnections are created in the same way as codec ones and +directly connect the codec pins to machine level widgets. + +e.g. connects the speaker out codec pins to the internal speaker. + + /* ext speaker connected to codec pins LOUT2, ROUT2 */ + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "ROUT2"}, + {"Ext Spk", NULL , "LOUT2"}, + +This allows the DAPM to power on and off pins that are connected (and in use) +and pins that are NC respectively. + + +4 Endpoint Widgets +=================== +An endpoint is a start or end point (widget) of an audio signal within the +machine and includes the codec. e.g. + + o Headphone Jack + o Internal Speaker + o Internal Mic + o Mic Jack + o Codec Pins + +When a codec pin is NC it can be marked as not used with a call to + +snd_soc_dapm_set_endpoint(codec, "Widget Name", 0); + +The last argument is 0 for inactive and 1 for active. This way the pin and its +input widget will never be powered up and consume power. + +This also applies to machine widgets. e.g. if a headphone is connected to a +jack then the jack can be marked active. If the headphone is removed, then +the headphone jack can be marked inactive. + + +5 DAPM Widget Events +==================== + +Some widgets can register their interest with the DAPM core in PM events. +e.g. A Speaker with an amplifier registers a widget so the amplifier can be +powered only when the spk is in use. + +/* turn speaker amplifier on/off depending on use */ +static int corgi_amp_event(struct snd_soc_dapm_widget *w, int event) +{ + if (SND_SOC_DAPM_EVENT_ON(event)) + set_scoop_gpio(&corgiscoop_device.dev, CORGI_SCP_APM_ON); + else + reset_scoop_gpio(&corgiscoop_device.dev, CORGI_SCP_APM_ON); + + return 0; +} + +/* corgi machine dapm widgets */ +static const struct snd_soc_dapm_widget wm8731_dapm_widgets = + SND_SOC_DAPM_SPK("Ext Spk", corgi_amp_event); + +Please see soc-dapm.h for all other widgets that support events. + + +5.1 Event types +--------------- + +The following event types are supported by event widgets. + +/* dapm event types */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMU 0x1 /* before widget power up */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMU 0x2 /* after widget power up */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_PMD 0x4 /* before widget power down */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_PMD 0x8 /* after widget power down */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_PRE_REG 0x10 /* before audio path setup */ +#define SND_SOC_DAPM_POST_REG 0x20 /* after audio path setup */ diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..72bd222f2a21 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/machine.txt @@ -0,0 +1,113 @@ +ASoC Machine Driver +=================== + +The ASoC machine (or board) driver is the code that glues together the platform +and codec drivers. + +The machine driver can contain codec and platform specific code. It registers +the audio subsystem with the kernel as a platform device and is represented by +the following struct:- + +/* SoC machine */ +struct snd_soc_machine { + char *name; + + int (*probe)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*remove)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + /* the pre and post PM functions are used to do any PM work before and + * after the codec and DAI's do any PM work. */ + int (*suspend_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*suspend_post)(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state); + int (*resume_pre)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*resume_post)(struct platform_device *pdev); + + /* machine stream operations */ + struct snd_soc_ops *ops; + + /* CPU <--> Codec DAI links */ + struct snd_soc_dai_link *dai_link; + int num_links; +}; + +probe()/remove() +---------------- +probe/remove are optional. Do any machine specific probe here. + + +suspend()/resume() +------------------ +The machine driver has pre and post versions of suspend and resume to take care +of any machine audio tasks that have to be done before or after the codec, DAI's +and DMA is suspended and resumed. Optional. + + +Machine operations +------------------ +The machine specific audio operations can be set here. Again this is optional. + + +Machine DAI Configuration +------------------------- +The machine DAI configuration glues all the codec and CPU DAI's together. It can +also be used to set up the DAI system clock and for any machine related DAI +initialisation e.g. the machine audio map can be connected to the codec audio +map, unconnnected codec pins can be set as such. Please see corgi.c, spitz.c +for examples. + +struct snd_soc_dai_link is used to set up each DAI in your machine. e.g. + +/* corgi digital audio interface glue - connects codec <--> CPU */ +static struct snd_soc_dai_link corgi_dai = { + .name = "WM8731", + .stream_name = "WM8731", + .cpu_dai = &pxa_i2s_dai, + .codec_dai = &wm8731_dai, + .init = corgi_wm8731_init, + .ops = &corgi_ops, +}; + +struct snd_soc_machine then sets up the machine with it's DAI's. e.g. + +/* corgi audio machine driver */ +static struct snd_soc_machine snd_soc_machine_corgi = { + .name = "Corgi", + .dai_link = &corgi_dai, + .num_links = 1, +}; + + +Machine Audio Subsystem +----------------------- + +The machine soc device glues the platform, machine and codec driver together. +Private data can also be set here. e.g. + +/* corgi audio private data */ +static struct wm8731_setup_data corgi_wm8731_setup = { + .i2c_address = 0x1b, +}; + +/* corgi audio subsystem */ +static struct snd_soc_device corgi_snd_devdata = { + .machine = &snd_soc_machine_corgi, + .platform = &pxa2xx_soc_platform, + .codec_dev = &soc_codec_dev_wm8731, + .codec_data = &corgi_wm8731_setup, +}; + + +Machine Power Map +----------------- + +The machine driver can optionally extend the codec power map and to become an +audio power map of the audio subsystem. This allows for automatic power up/down +of speaker/HP amplifiers, etc. Codec pins can be connected to the machines jack +sockets in the machine init function. See soc/pxa/spitz.c and dapm.txt for +details. + + +Machine Controls +---------------- + +Machine specific audio mixer controls can be added in the dai init function.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..753c5cc5984a --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/overview.txt @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +ALSA SoC Layer +============== + +The overall project goal of the ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer is to provide +better ALSA support for embedded system on chip procesors (e.g. pxa2xx, au1x00, +iMX, etc) and portable audio codecs. Currently there is some support in the +kernel for SoC audio, however it has some limitations:- + + * Currently, codec drivers are often tightly coupled to the underlying SoC + cpu. This is not ideal and leads to code duplication i.e. Linux now has 4 + different wm8731 drivers for 4 different SoC platforms. + + * There is no standard method to signal user initiated audio events. + e.g. Headphone/Mic insertion, Headphone/Mic detection after an insertion + event. These are quite common events on portable devices and ofter require + machine specific code to re route audio, enable amps etc after such an event. + + * Current drivers tend to power up the entire codec when playing + (or recording) audio. This is fine for a PC, but tends to waste a lot of + power on portable devices. There is also no support for saving power via + changing codec oversampling rates, bias currents, etc. + + +ASoC Design +=========== + +The ASoC layer is designed to address these issues and provide the following +features :- + + * Codec independence. Allows reuse of codec drivers on other platforms + and machines. + + * Easy I2S/PCM audio interface setup between codec and SoC. Each SoC interface + and codec registers it's audio interface capabilities with the core and are + subsequently matched and configured when the application hw params are known. + + * Dynamic Audio Power Management (DAPM). DAPM automatically sets the codec to + it's minimum power state at all times. This includes powering up/down + internal power blocks depending on the internal codec audio routing and any + active streams. + + * Pop and click reduction. Pops and clicks can be reduced by powering the + codec up/down in the correct sequence (including using digital mute). ASoC + signals the codec when to change power states. + + * Machine specific controls: Allow machines to add controls to the sound card + e.g. volume control for speaker amp. + +To achieve all this, ASoC basically splits an embedded audio system into 3 +components :- + + * Codec driver: The codec driver is platform independent and contains audio + controls, audio interface capabilities, codec dapm definition and codec IO + functions. + + * Platform driver: The platform driver contains the audio dma engine and audio + interface drivers (e.g. I2S, AC97, PCM) for that platform. + + * Machine driver: The machine driver handles any machine specific controls and + audio events. i.e. turing on an amp at start of playback. + + +Documentation +============= + +The documentation is spilt into the following sections:- + +overview.txt: This file. + +codec.txt: Codec driver internals. + +DAI.txt: Description of Digital Audio Interface standards and how to configure +a DAI within your codec and CPU DAI drivers. + +dapm.txt: Dynamic Audio Power Management + +platform.txt: Platform audio DMA and DAI. + +machine.txt: Machine driver internals. + +pop_clicks.txt: How to minimise audio artifacts. + +clocking.txt: ASoC clocking for best power performance.
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e95b16d5a53b --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/platform.txt @@ -0,0 +1,58 @@ +ASoC Platform Driver +==================== + +An ASoC platform driver can be divided into audio DMA and SoC DAI configuration +and control. The platform drivers only target the SoC CPU and must have no board +specific code. + +Audio DMA +========= + +The platform DMA driver optionally supports the following alsa operations:- + +/* SoC audio ops */ +struct snd_soc_ops { + int (*startup)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + void (*shutdown)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*hw_params)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, struct snd_pcm_hw_params *); + int (*hw_free)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*prepare)(struct snd_pcm_substream *); + int (*trigger)(struct snd_pcm_substream *, int); +}; + +The platform driver exports it's DMA functionailty via struct snd_soc_platform:- + +struct snd_soc_platform { + char *name; + + int (*probe)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*remove)(struct platform_device *pdev); + int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *pdev, struct snd_soc_cpu_dai *cpu_dai); + int (*resume)(struct platform_device *pdev, struct snd_soc_cpu_dai *cpu_dai); + + /* pcm creation and destruction */ + int (*pcm_new)(struct snd_card *, struct snd_soc_codec_dai *, struct snd_pcm *); + void (*pcm_free)(struct snd_pcm *); + + /* platform stream ops */ + struct snd_pcm_ops *pcm_ops; +}; + +Please refer to the alsa driver documentation for details of audio DMA. +http://www.alsa-project.org/~iwai/writing-an-alsa-driver/c436.htm + +An example DMA driver is soc/pxa/pxa2xx-pcm.c + + +SoC DAI Drivers +=============== + +Each SoC DAI driver must provide the following features:- + + 1) Digital audio interface (DAI) description + 2) Digital audio interface configuration + 3) PCM's description + 4) Sysclk configuration + 5) Suspend and resume (optional) + +Please see codec.txt for a description of items 1 - 4. diff --git a/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..2cf7ee5b3d74 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/sound/alsa/soc/pops_clicks.txt @@ -0,0 +1,52 @@ +Audio Pops and Clicks +===================== + +Pops and clicks are unwanted audio artifacts caused by the powering up and down +of components within the audio subsystem. This is noticable on PC's when an +audio module is either loaded or unloaded (at module load time the sound card is +powered up and causes a popping noise on the speakers). + +Pops and clicks can be more frequent on portable systems with DAPM. This is +because the components within the subsystem are being dynamically powered +depending on the audio usage and this can subsequently cause a small pop or +click every time a component power state is changed. + + +Minimising Playback Pops and Clicks +=================================== + +Playback pops in portable audio subsystems cannot be completely eliminated atm, +however future audio codec hardware will have better pop and click supression. +Pops can be reduced within playback by powering the audio components in a +specific order. This order is different for startup and shutdown and follows +some basic rules:- + + Startup Order :- DAC --> Mixers --> Output PGA --> Digital Unmute + + Shutdown Order :- Digital Mute --> Output PGA --> Mixers --> DAC + +This assumes that the codec PCM output path from the DAC is via a mixer and then +a PGA (programmable gain amplifier) before being output to the speakers. + + +Minimising Capture Pops and Clicks +================================== + +Capture artifacts are somewhat easier to get rid as we can delay activating the +ADC until all the pops have occured. This follows similar power rules to +playback in that components are powered in a sequence depending upon stream +startup or shutdown. + + Startup Order - Input PGA --> Mixers --> ADC + + Shutdown Order - ADC --> Mixers --> Input PGA + + +Zipper Noise +============ +An unwanted zipper noise can occur within the audio playback or capture stream +when a volume control is changed near its maximum gain value. The zipper noise +is heard when the gain increase or decrease changes the mean audio signal +amplitude too quickly. It can be minimised by enabling the zero cross setting +for each volume control. The ZC forces the gain change to occur when the signal +crosses the zero amplitude line. diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary index 72795796b13d..ecc7c9eb9f29 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary +++ b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary @@ -284,7 +284,6 @@ SPI protocol drivers somewhat resemble platform device drivers: static struct spi_driver CHIP_driver = { .driver = { .name = "CHIP", - .bus = &spi_bus_type, .owner = THIS_MODULE, }, @@ -312,7 +311,7 @@ might look like this unless you're creating a class_device: chip = kzalloc(sizeof *chip, GFP_KERNEL); if (!chip) return -ENOMEM; - dev_set_drvdata(&spi->dev, chip); + spi_set_drvdata(spi, chip); ... etc return 0; diff --git a/Documentation/sysrq.txt b/Documentation/sysrq.txt index 61613166981b..452c0f152304 100644 --- a/Documentation/sysrq.txt +++ b/Documentation/sysrq.txt @@ -64,11 +64,6 @@ On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.: * What are the 'command' keys? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ -'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE. - -'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual - console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section. - 'b' - Will immediately reboot the system without syncing or unmounting your disks. @@ -76,21 +71,37 @@ On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.: 'd' - Shows all locks that are held. -'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported). +'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init. -'s' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems. +'f' - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process. -'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only. +'g' - Used by kgdb on ppc platforms. -'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console. +'h' - Will display help (actually any other key than those listed + above will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-) -'t' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your - console. +'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init. + +'k' - Secure Access Key (SAK) Kills all programs on the current virtual + console. NOTE: See important comments below in SAK section. 'm' - Will dump current memory info to your console. 'n' - Used to make RT tasks nice-able +'o' - Will shut your system off (if configured and supported). + +'p' - Will dump the current registers and flags to your console. + +'r' - Turns off keyboard raw mode and sets it to XLATE. + +'s' - Will attempt to sync all mounted filesystems. + +'t' - Will dump a list of current tasks and their information to your + console. + +'u' - Will attempt to remount all mounted filesystems read-only. + 'v' - Dumps Voyager SMP processor info to your console. 'w' - Dumps tasks that are in uninterruptable (blocked) state. @@ -102,17 +113,6 @@ On all - write a character to /proc/sysrq-trigger. e.g.: it so that only emergency messages like PANICs or OOPSes would make it to your console.) -'f' - Will call oom_kill to kill a memory hog process. - -'e' - Send a SIGTERM to all processes, except for init. - -'g' - Used by kgdb on ppc platforms. - -'i' - Send a SIGKILL to all processes, except for init. - -'h' - Will display help (actually any other key than those listed - above will display help. but 'h' is easy to remember :-) - * Okay, so what can I use them for? ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Well, un'R'aw is very handy when your X server or a svgalib program crashes. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt b/Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt index 22c5331260ca..077e9032d0cd 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/proc_usb_info.txt @@ -213,15 +213,16 @@ C:* #Ifs=dd Cfg#=dd Atr=xx MPwr=dddmA Interface descriptor info (can be multiple per Config): -I: If#=dd Alt=dd #EPs=dd Cls=xx(sssss) Sub=xx Prot=xx Driver=ssss -| | | | | | | |__Driver name -| | | | | | | or "(none)" -| | | | | | |__InterfaceProtocol -| | | | | |__InterfaceSubClass -| | | | |__InterfaceClass -| | | |__NumberOfEndpoints -| | |__AlternateSettingNumber -| |__InterfaceNumber +I:* If#=dd Alt=dd #EPs=dd Cls=xx(sssss) Sub=xx Prot=xx Driver=ssss +| | | | | | | | |__Driver name +| | | | | | | | or "(none)" +| | | | | | | |__InterfaceProtocol +| | | | | | |__InterfaceSubClass +| | | | | |__InterfaceClass +| | | | |__NumberOfEndpoints +| | | |__AlternateSettingNumber +| | |__InterfaceNumber +| |__ "*" indicates the active altsetting (others are " ") |__Interface info tag A given interface may have one or more "alternate" settings. @@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ of the USB devices on a system's root hub. (See more below on how to do this.) The Interface lines can be used to determine what driver is -being used for each device. +being used for each device, and which altsetting it activated. The Configuration lines could be used to list maximum power (in milliamps) that a system's USB devices are using. diff --git a/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt b/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt index e65ec828d7aa..0f6808abd612 100644 --- a/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt +++ b/Documentation/usb/usbmon.txt @@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ that the file size is not excessive for your favourite editor. The '1t' type data consists of a stream of events, such as URB submission, URB callback, submission error. Every event is a text line, which consists -of whitespace separated words. The number of position of words may depend +of whitespace separated words. The number or position of words may depend on the event type, but there is a set of words, common for all types. Here is the list of words, from left to right: @@ -170,4 +170,152 @@ dd65f0e8 4128379808 C Bo:005:02 0 31 > * Raw binary format and API -TBD +The overall architecture of the API is about the same as the one above, +only the events are delivered in binary format. Each event is sent in +the following structure (its name is made up, so that we can refer to it): + +struct usbmon_packet { + u64 id; /* 0: URB ID - from submission to callback */ + unsigned char type; /* 8: Same as text; extensible. */ + unsigned char xfer_type; /* ISO (0), Intr, Control, Bulk (3) */ + unsigned char epnum; /* Endpoint number and transfer direction */ + unsigned char devnum; /* Device address */ + u16 busnum; /* 12: Bus number */ + char flag_setup; /* 14: Same as text */ + char flag_data; /* 15: Same as text; Binary zero is OK. */ + s64 ts_sec; /* 16: gettimeofday */ + s32 ts_usec; /* 24: gettimeofday */ + int status; /* 28: */ + unsigned int length; /* 32: Length of data (submitted or actual) */ + unsigned int len_cap; /* 36: Delivered length */ + unsigned char setup[8]; /* 40: Only for Control 'S' */ +}; /* 48 bytes total */ + +These events can be received from a character device by reading with read(2), +with an ioctl(2), or by accessing the buffer with mmap. + +The character device is usually called /dev/usbmonN, where N is the USB bus +number. Number zero (/dev/usbmon0) is special and means "all buses". +However, this feature is not implemented yet. Note that specific naming +policy is set by your Linux distribution. + +If you create /dev/usbmon0 by hand, make sure that it is owned by root +and has mode 0600. Otherwise, unpriviledged users will be able to snoop +keyboard traffic. + +The following ioctl calls are available, with MON_IOC_MAGIC 0x92: + + MON_IOCQ_URB_LEN, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 1) + +This call returns the length of data in the next event. Note that majority of +events contain no data, so if this call returns zero, it does not mean that +no events are available. + + MON_IOCG_STATS, defined as _IOR(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 3, struct mon_bin_stats) + +The argument is a pointer to the following structure: + +struct mon_bin_stats { + u32 queued; + u32 dropped; +}; + +The member "queued" refers to the number of events currently queued in the +buffer (and not to the number of events processed since the last reset). + +The member "dropped" is the number of events lost since the last call +to MON_IOCG_STATS. + + MON_IOCT_RING_SIZE, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 4) + +This call sets the buffer size. The argument is the size in bytes. +The size may be rounded down to the next chunk (or page). If the requested +size is out of [unspecified] bounds for this kernel, the call fails with +-EINVAL. + + MON_IOCQ_RING_SIZE, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 5) + +This call returns the current size of the buffer in bytes. + + MON_IOCX_GET, defined as _IOW(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 6, struct mon_get_arg) + +This call waits for events to arrive if none were in the kernel buffer, +then returns the first event. Its argument is a pointer to the following +structure: + +struct mon_get_arg { + struct usbmon_packet *hdr; + void *data; + size_t alloc; /* Length of data (can be zero) */ +}; + +Before the call, hdr, data, and alloc should be filled. Upon return, the area +pointed by hdr contains the next event structure, and the data buffer contains +the data, if any. The event is removed from the kernel buffer. + + MON_IOCX_MFETCH, defined as _IOWR(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 7, struct mon_mfetch_arg) + +This ioctl is primarily used when the application accesses the buffer +with mmap(2). Its argument is a pointer to the following structure: + +struct mon_mfetch_arg { + uint32_t *offvec; /* Vector of events fetched */ + uint32_t nfetch; /* Number of events to fetch (out: fetched) */ + uint32_t nflush; /* Number of events to flush */ +}; + +The ioctl operates in 3 stages. + +First, it removes and discards up to nflush events from the kernel buffer. +The actual number of events discarded is returned in nflush. + +Second, it waits for an event to be present in the buffer, unless the pseudo- +device is open with O_NONBLOCK. + +Third, it extracts up to nfetch offsets into the mmap buffer, and stores +them into the offvec. The actual number of event offsets is stored into +the nfetch. + + MON_IOCH_MFLUSH, defined as _IO(MON_IOC_MAGIC, 8) + +This call removes a number of events from the kernel buffer. Its argument +is the number of events to remove. If the buffer contains fewer events +than requested, all events present are removed, and no error is reported. +This works when no events are available too. + + FIONBIO + +The ioctl FIONBIO may be implemented in the future, if there's a need. + +In addition to ioctl(2) and read(2), the special file of binary API can +be polled with select(2) and poll(2). But lseek(2) does not work. + +* Memory-mapped access of the kernel buffer for the binary API + +The basic idea is simple: + +To prepare, map the buffer by getting the current size, then using mmap(2). +Then, execute a loop similar to the one written in pseudo-code below: + + struct mon_mfetch_arg fetch; + struct usbmon_packet *hdr; + int nflush = 0; + for (;;) { + fetch.offvec = vec; // Has N 32-bit words + fetch.nfetch = N; // Or less than N + fetch.nflush = nflush; + ioctl(fd, MON_IOCX_MFETCH, &fetch); // Process errors, too + nflush = fetch.nfetch; // This many packets to flush when done + for (i = 0; i < nflush; i++) { + hdr = (struct ubsmon_packet *) &mmap_area[vec[i]]; + if (hdr->type == '@') // Filler packet + continue; + caddr_t data = &mmap_area[vec[i]] + 64; + process_packet(hdr, data); + } + } + +Thus, the main idea is to execute only one ioctl per N events. + +Although the buffer is circular, the returned headers and data do not cross +the end of the buffer, so the above pseudo-code does not need any gathering. diff --git a/Documentation/video-output.txt b/Documentation/video-output.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..e517011be4f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/video-output.txt @@ -0,0 +1,34 @@ + + Video Output Switcher Control + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + 2006 luming.yu@intel.com + +The output sysfs class driver provides an abstract video output layer that +can be used to hook platform specific methods to enable/disable video output +device through common sysfs interface. For example, on my IBM ThinkPad T42 +laptop, The ACPI video driver registered its output devices and read/write +method for 'state' with output sysfs class. The user interface under sysfs is: + +linux:/sys/class/video_output # tree . +. +|-- CRT0 +| |-- device -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 +| |-- state +| |-- subsystem -> ../../../class/video_output +| `-- uevent +|-- DVI0 +| |-- device -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 +| |-- state +| |-- subsystem -> ../../../class/video_output +| `-- uevent +|-- LCD0 +| |-- device -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 +| |-- state +| |-- subsystem -> ../../../class/video_output +| `-- uevent +`-- TV0 + |-- device -> ../../../devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0 + |-- state + |-- subsystem -> ../../../class/video_output + `-- uevent + diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt index 5c86ed6f0448..625a21db0c2a 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/boot-options.txt @@ -180,40 +180,81 @@ PCI pci=lastbus=NUMBER Scan upto NUMBER busses, no matter what the mptable says. pci=noacpi Don't use ACPI to set up PCI interrupt routing. -IOMMU - - iommu=[size][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak][,memaper[=order]][,merge] - [,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge][,noaperture][,calgary] - size set size of iommu (in bytes) - noagp don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture. - off don't use the IOMMU - leak turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK is on) - memaper[=order] allocate an own aperture over RAM with size 32MB^order. - noforce don't force IOMMU usage. Default. - force Force IOMMU. - merge Do SG merging. Implies force (experimental) - nomerge Don't do SG merging. - forcesac For SAC mode for masks <40bits (experimental) - fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default) - nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush - allowed overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific chipsets. - soft Use software bounce buffering (default for Intel machines) - noaperture Don't touch the aperture for AGP. - allowdac Allow DMA >4GB - When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through an IOMMU or bounce - buffering. - nodac Forbid DMA >4GB - panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows - calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available - - swiotlb=pages[,force] - - pages Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO bounce buffering. - force Force all IO through the software TLB. - - calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M] - calgary=[translate_empty_slots] - calgary=[disable=<PCI bus number>] +IOMMU (input/output memory management unit) + + Currently four x86-64 PCI-DMA mapping implementations exist: + + 1. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-nommu.c>: use no hardware/software IOMMU at all + (e.g. because you have < 3 GB memory). + Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Disabling IOMMU" + + 2. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-gart.c>: AMD GART based hardware IOMMU. + Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: using GART IOMMU" + + 3. <arch/x86_64/kernel/pci-swiotlb.c> : Software IOMMU implementation. Used + e.g. if there is no hardware IOMMU in the system and it is need because + you have >3GB memory or told the kernel to us it (iommu=soft)) + Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using software bounce buffering + for IO (SWIOTLB)" + + 4. <arch/x86_64/pci-calgary.c> : IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU. Used in IBM + pSeries and xSeries servers. This hardware IOMMU supports DMA address + mapping with memory protection, etc. + Kernel boot message: "PCI-DMA: Using Calgary IOMMU" + + iommu=[<size>][,noagp][,off][,force][,noforce][,leak[=<nr_of_leak_pages>] + [,memaper[=<order>]][,merge][,forcesac][,fullflush][,nomerge] + [,noaperture][,calgary] + + General iommu options: + off Don't initialize and use any kind of IOMMU. + noforce Don't force hardware IOMMU usage when it is not needed. + (default). + force Force the use of the hardware IOMMU even when it is + not actually needed (e.g. because < 3 GB memory). + soft Use software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) (default for + Intel machines). This can be used to prevent the usage + of an available hardware IOMMU. + + iommu options only relevant to the AMD GART hardware IOMMU: + <size> Set the size of the remapping area in bytes. + allowed Overwrite iommu off workarounds for specific chipsets. + fullflush Flush IOMMU on each allocation (default). + nofullflush Don't use IOMMU fullflush. + leak Turn on simple iommu leak tracing (only when + CONFIG_IOMMU_LEAK is on). Default number of leak pages + is 20. + memaper[=<order>] Allocate an own aperture over RAM with size 32MB<<order. + (default: order=1, i.e. 64MB) + merge Do scatter-gather (SG) merging. Implies "force" + (experimental). + nomerge Don't do scatter-gather (SG) merging. + noaperture Ask the IOMMU not to touch the aperture for AGP. + forcesac Force single-address cycle (SAC) mode for masks <40bits + (experimental). + noagp Don't initialize the AGP driver and use full aperture. + allowdac Allow double-address cycle (DAC) mode, i.e. DMA >4GB. + DAC is used with 32-bit PCI to push a 64-bit address in + two cycles. When off all DMA over >4GB is forced through + an IOMMU or software bounce buffering. + nodac Forbid DAC mode, i.e. DMA >4GB. + panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows. + calgary Use the Calgary IOMMU if it is available + + iommu options only relevant to the software bounce buffering (SWIOTLB) IOMMU + implementation: + swiotlb=<pages>[,force] + <pages> Prereserve that many 128K pages for the software IO + bounce buffering. + force Force all IO through the software TLB. + + Settings for the IBM Calgary hardware IOMMU currently found in IBM + pSeries and xSeries machines: + + calgary=[64k,128k,256k,512k,1M,2M,4M,8M] + calgary=[translate_empty_slots] + calgary=[disable=<PCI bus number>] + panic Always panic when IOMMU overflows 64k,...,8M - Set the size of each PCI slot's translation table when using the Calgary IOMMU. This is the size of the translation @@ -234,14 +275,14 @@ IOMMU Debugging - oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the process, - but there is a small probability of deadlocking the machine. - This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions. - Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot. + oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the process, + but there is a small probability of deadlocking the machine. + This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions. + Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot. - kstack=N Print that many words from the kernel stack in oops dumps. + kstack=N Print N words from the kernel stack in oops dumps. - pagefaulttrace Dump all page faults. Only useful for extreme debugging + pagefaulttrace Dump all page faults. Only useful for extreme debugging and will create a lot of output. call_trace=[old|both|newfallback|new] @@ -251,15 +292,8 @@ Debugging newfallback: use new unwinder but fall back to old if it gets stuck (default) - call_trace=[old|both|newfallback|new] - old: use old inexact backtracer - new: use new exact dwarf2 unwinder - both: print entries from both - newfallback: use new unwinder but fall back to old if it gets - stuck (default) - -Misc +Miscellaneous noreplacement Don't replace instructions with more appropriate ones for the CPU. This may be useful on asymmetric MP systems - where some CPU have less capabilities than the others. + where some CPUs have less capabilities than others. diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec b/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec index 5c0fa345e556..3c23e0587db3 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/cpu-hotplug-spec @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Firmware support for CPU hotplug under Linux/x86-64 --------------------------------------------------- Linux/x86-64 supports CPU hotplug now. For various reasons Linux wants to -know in advance boot time the maximum number of CPUs that could be plugged +know in advance of boot time the maximum number of CPUs that could be plugged into the system. ACPI 3.0 currently has no official way to supply this information from the firmware to the operating system. diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks b/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks index bddfddd466ab..5ad65d51fb95 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/kernel-stacks @@ -9,9 +9,9 @@ zombie. While the thread is in user space the kernel stack is empty except for the thread_info structure at the bottom. In addition to the per thread stacks, there are specialized stacks -associated with each cpu. These stacks are only used while the kernel -is in control on that cpu, when a cpu returns to user space the -specialized stacks contain no useful data. The main cpu stacks is +associated with each CPU. These stacks are only used while the kernel +is in control on that CPU; when a CPU returns to user space the +specialized stacks contain no useful data. The main CPU stacks are: * Interrupt stack. IRQSTACKSIZE @@ -32,17 +32,17 @@ x86_64 also has a feature which is not available on i386, the ability to automatically switch to a new stack for designated events such as double fault or NMI, which makes it easier to handle these unusual events on x86_64. This feature is called the Interrupt Stack Table -(IST). There can be up to 7 IST entries per cpu. The IST code is an -index into the Task State Segment (TSS), the IST entries in the TSS -point to dedicated stacks, each stack can be a different size. +(IST). There can be up to 7 IST entries per CPU. The IST code is an +index into the Task State Segment (TSS). The IST entries in the TSS +point to dedicated stacks; each stack can be a different size. -An IST is selected by an non-zero value in the IST field of an +An IST is selected by a non-zero value in the IST field of an interrupt-gate descriptor. When an interrupt occurs and the hardware loads such a descriptor, the hardware automatically sets the new stack pointer based on the IST value, then invokes the interrupt handler. If software wants to allow nested IST interrupts then the handler must adjust the IST values on entry to and exit from the interrupt handler. -(this is occasionally done, e.g. for debug exceptions) +(This is occasionally done, e.g. for debug exceptions.) Events with different IST codes (i.e. with different stacks) can be nested. For example, a debug interrupt can safely be interrupted by an @@ -58,17 +58,17 @@ The currently assigned IST stacks are :- Used for interrupt 12 - Stack Fault Exception (#SS). - This allows to recover from invalid stack segments. Rarely + This allows the CPU to recover from invalid stack segments. Rarely happens. * DOUBLEFAULT_STACK. EXCEPTION_STKSZ (PAGE_SIZE). Used for interrupt 8 - Double Fault Exception (#DF). - Invoked when handling a exception causes another exception. Happens - when the kernel is very confused (e.g. kernel stack pointer corrupt) - Using a separate stack allows to recover from it well enough in many - cases to still output an oops. + Invoked when handling one exception causes another exception. Happens + when the kernel is very confused (e.g. kernel stack pointer corrupt). + Using a separate stack allows the kernel to recover from it well enough + in many cases to still output an oops. * NMI_STACK. EXCEPTION_STKSZ (PAGE_SIZE). diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck b/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..068a6d9904b9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/machinecheck @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ + +Configurable sysfs parameters for the x86-64 machine check code. + +Machine checks report internal hardware error conditions detected +by the CPU. Uncorrected errors typically cause a machine check +(often with panic), corrected ones cause a machine check log entry. + +Machine checks are organized in banks (normally associated with +a hardware subsystem) and subevents in a bank. The exact meaning +of the banks and subevent is CPU specific. + +mcelog knows how to decode them. + +When you see the "Machine check errors logged" message in the system +log then mcelog should run to collect and decode machine check entries +from /dev/mcelog. Normally mcelog should be run regularly from a cronjob. + +Each CPU has a directory in /sys/devices/system/machinecheck/machinecheckN +(N = CPU number) + +The directory contains some configurable entries: + +Entries: + +bankNctl +(N bank number) + 64bit Hex bitmask enabling/disabling specific subevents for bank N + When a bit in the bitmask is zero then the respective + subevent will not be reported. + By default all events are enabled. + Note that BIOS maintain another mask to disable specific events + per bank. This is not visible here + +The following entries appear for each CPU, but they are truly shared +between all CPUs. + +check_interval + How often to poll for corrected machine check errors, in seconds + (Note output is hexademical). Default 5 minutes. + +tolerant + Tolerance level. When a machine check exception occurs for a non + corrected machine check the kernel can take different actions. + Since machine check exceptions can happen any time it is sometimes + risky for the kernel to kill a process because it defies + normal kernel locking rules. The tolerance level configures + how hard the kernel tries to recover even at some risk of deadlock. + + 0: always panic, + 1: panic if deadlock possible, + 2: try to avoid panic, + 3: never panic or exit (for testing only) + + Default: 1 + + Note this only makes a difference if the CPU allows recovery + from a machine check exception. Current x86 CPUs generally do not. + +trigger + Program to run when a machine check event is detected. + This is an alternative to running mcelog regularly from cron + and allows to detect events faster. + +TBD document entries for AMD threshold interrupt configuration + +For more details about the x86 machine check architecture +see the Intel and AMD architecture manuals from their developer websites. + +For more details about the architecture see +see http://one.firstfloor.org/~andi/mce.pdf diff --git a/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt b/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt index 133561b9cb0c..f42798ed1c54 100644 --- a/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt +++ b/Documentation/x86_64/mm.txt @@ -3,26 +3,26 @@ Virtual memory map with 4 level page tables: -0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47bits) user space, different per mm +0000000000000000 - 00007fffffffffff (=47 bits) user space, different per mm hole caused by [48:63] sign extension -ffff800000000000 - ffff80ffffffffff (=40bits) guard hole -ffff810000000000 - ffffc0ffffffffff (=46bits) direct mapping of all phys. memory -ffffc10000000000 - ffffc1ffffffffff (=40bits) hole -ffffc20000000000 - ffffe1ffffffffff (=45bits) vmalloc/ioremap space +ffff800000000000 - ffff80ffffffffff (=40 bits) guard hole +ffff810000000000 - ffffc0ffffffffff (=46 bits) direct mapping of all phys. memory +ffffc10000000000 - ffffc1ffffffffff (=40 bits) hole +ffffc20000000000 - ffffe1ffffffffff (=45 bits) vmalloc/ioremap space ... unused hole ... -ffffffff80000000 - ffffffff82800000 (=40MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0 +ffffffff80000000 - ffffffff82800000 (=40 MB) kernel text mapping, from phys 0 ... unused hole ... -ffffffff88000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1919MB) module mapping space +ffffffff88000000 - fffffffffff00000 (=1919 MB) module mapping space -The direct mapping covers all memory in the system upto the highest +The direct mapping covers all memory in the system up to the highest memory address (this means in some cases it can also include PCI memory -holes) +holes). vmalloc space is lazily synchronized into the different PML4 pages of the processes using the page fault handler, with init_level4_pgt as reference. -Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bit of address space, -but we support upto 46bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables. +Current X86-64 implementations only support 40 bits of address space, +but we support up to 46 bits. This expands into MBZ space in the page tables. -Andi Kleen, Jul 2004 |