diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/00-INDEX | 4 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/SubmittingPatches | 56 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt (renamed from Documentation/nfsroot.txt) | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/rpc-cache.txt (renamed from Documentation/rpc-cache.txt) | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt | 283 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/lguest/lguest.c | 70 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt | 19 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/networking/00-INDEX | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt | 568 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/nmi_watchdog.txt | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt (renamed from Documentation/sched-rt-group.txt) | 0 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/spi/spi-summary | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/spinlocks.txt | 22 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt | 4 |
19 files changed, 441 insertions, 633 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/00-INDEX b/Documentation/00-INDEX index fc8e7c7d182..e8fb2467196 100644 --- a/Documentation/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/00-INDEX @@ -271,8 +271,6 @@ netlabel/ - directory with information on the NetLabel subsystem. networking/ - directory with info on various aspects of networking with Linux. -nfsroot.txt - - short guide on setting up a diskless box with NFS root filesystem. nmi_watchdog.txt - info on NMI watchdog for SMP systems. nommu-mmap.txt @@ -321,8 +319,6 @@ robust-futexes.txt - a description of what robust futexes are. rocket.txt - info on the Comtrol RocketPort multiport serial driver. -rpc-cache.txt - - introduction to the caching mechanisms in the sunrpc layer. rt-mutex-design.txt - description of the RealTime mutex implementation design. rt-mutex.txt diff --git a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches index 08a1ed1cb5d..1fc4e7144dc 100644 --- a/Documentation/SubmittingPatches +++ b/Documentation/SubmittingPatches @@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ now, but you can do this to mark internal company procedures or just point out some special detail about the sign-off. -13) When to use Acked-by: +13) When to use Acked-by: and Cc: The Signed-off-by: tag indicates that the signer was involved in the development of the patch, or that he/she was in the patch's delivery path. @@ -349,11 +349,59 @@ Acked-by: does not necessarily indicate acknowledgement of the entire patch. For example, if a patch affects multiple subsystems and has an Acked-by: from one subsystem maintainer then this usually indicates acknowledgement of just the part which affects that maintainer's code. Judgement should be used here. - When in doubt people should refer to the original discussion in the mailing +When in doubt people should refer to the original discussion in the mailing list archives. +If a person has had the opportunity to comment on a patch, but has not +provided such comments, you may optionally add a "Cc:" tag to the patch. +This is the only tag which might be added without an explicit action by the +person it names. This tag documents that potentially interested parties +have been included in the discussion -14) The canonical patch format + +14) Using Test-by: and Reviewed-by: + +A Tested-by: tag indicates that the patch has been successfully tested (in +some environment) by the person named. This tag informs maintainers that +some testing has been performed, provides a means to locate testers for +future patches, and ensures credit for the testers. + +Reviewed-by:, instead, indicates that the patch has been reviewed and found +acceptable according to the Reviewer's Statement: + + Reviewer's statement of oversight + + By offering my Reviewed-by: tag, I state that: + + (a) I have carried out a technical review of this patch to + evaluate its appropriateness and readiness for inclusion into + the mainline kernel. + + (b) Any problems, concerns, or questions relating to the patch + have been communicated back to the submitter. I am satisfied + with the submitter's response to my comments. + + (c) While there may be things that could be improved with this + submission, I believe that it is, at this time, (1) a + worthwhile modification to the kernel, and (2) free of known + issues which would argue against its inclusion. + + (d) While I have reviewed the patch and believe it to be sound, I + do not (unless explicitly stated elsewhere) make any + warranties or guarantees that it will achieve its stated + purpose or function properly in any given situation. + +A Reviewed-by tag is a statement of opinion that the patch is an +appropriate modification of the kernel without any remaining serious +technical issues. Any interested reviewer (who has done the work) can +offer a Reviewed-by tag for a patch. This tag serves to give credit to +reviewers and to inform maintainers of the degree of review which has been +done on the patch. Reviewed-by: tags, when supplied by reviewers known to +understand the subject area and to perform thorough reviews, will normally +increase the liklihood of your patch getting into the kernel. + + +15) The canonical patch format The canonical patch subject line is: @@ -512,7 +560,7 @@ They provide type safety, have no length limitations, no formatting limitations, and under gcc they are as cheap as macros. Macros should only be used for cases where a static inline is clearly -suboptimal [there a few, isolated cases of this in fast paths], +suboptimal [there are a few, isolated cases of this in fast paths], or where it is impossible to use a static inline function [such as string-izing]. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX b/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX index e68021c08fb..52cd611277a 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/00-INDEX @@ -66,6 +66,8 @@ mandatory-locking.txt - info on the Linux implementation of Sys V mandatory file locking. ncpfs.txt - info on Novell Netware(tm) filesystem using NCP protocol. +nfsroot.txt + - short guide on setting up a diskless box with NFS root filesystem. ntfs.txt - info and mount options for the NTFS filesystem (Windows NT). ocfs2.txt @@ -82,6 +84,10 @@ relay.txt - info on relay, for efficient streaming from kernel to user space. romfs.txt - description of the ROMFS filesystem. +rpc-cache.txt + - introduction to the caching mechanisms in the sunrpc layer. +seq_file.txt + - how to use the seq_file API sharedsubtree.txt - a description of shared subtrees for namespaces. smbfs.txt diff --git a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt index 31b32917234..31b32917234 100644 --- a/Documentation/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt diff --git a/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/rpc-cache.txt index 8a382bea680..8a382bea680 100644 --- a/Documentation/rpc-cache.txt +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/rpc-cache.txt diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..cc6cdb95b73 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/seq_file.txt @@ -0,0 +1,283 @@ +The seq_file interface + + Copyright 2003 Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> + This file is originally from the LWN.net Driver Porting series at + http://lwn.net/Articles/driver-porting/ + + +There are numerous ways for a device driver (or other kernel component) to +provide information to the user or system administrator. One useful +technique is the creation of virtual files, in debugfs, /proc or elsewhere. +Virtual files can provide human-readable output that is easy to get at +without any special utility programs; they can also make life easier for +script writers. It is not surprising that the use of virtual files has +grown over the years. + +Creating those files correctly has always been a bit of a challenge, +however. It is not that hard to make a virtual file which returns a +string. But life gets trickier if the output is long - anything greater +than an application is likely to read in a single operation. Handling +multiple reads (and seeks) requires careful attention to the reader's +position within the virtual file - that position is, likely as not, in the +middle of a line of output. The kernel has traditionally had a number of +implementations that got this wrong. + +The 2.6 kernel contains a set of functions (implemented by Alexander Viro) +which are designed to make it easy for virtual file creators to get it +right. + +The seq_file interface is available via <linux/seq_file.h>. There are +three aspects to seq_file: + + * An iterator interface which lets a virtual file implementation + step through the objects it is presenting. + + * Some utility functions for formatting objects for output without + needing to worry about things like output buffers. + + * A set of canned file_operations which implement most operations on + the virtual file. + +We'll look at the seq_file interface via an extremely simple example: a +loadable module which creates a file called /proc/sequence. The file, when +read, simply produces a set of increasing integer values, one per line. The +sequence will continue until the user loses patience and finds something +better to do. The file is seekable, in that one can do something like the +following: + + dd if=/proc/sequence of=out1 count=1 + dd if=/proc/sequence skip=1 out=out2 count=1 + +Then concatenate the output files out1 and out2 and get the right +result. Yes, it is a thoroughly useless module, but the point is to show +how the mechanism works without getting lost in other details. (Those +wanting to see the full source for this module can find it at +http://lwn.net/Articles/22359/). + + +The iterator interface + +Modules implementing a virtual file with seq_file must implement a simple +iterator object that allows stepping through the data of interest. +Iterators must be able to move to a specific position - like the file they +implement - but the interpretation of that position is up to the iterator +itself. A seq_file implementation that is formatting firewall rules, for +example, could interpret position N as the Nth rule in the chain. +Positioning can thus be done in whatever way makes the most sense for the +generator of the data, which need not be aware of how a position translates +to an offset in the virtual file. The one obvious exception is that a +position of zero should indicate the beginning of the file. + +The /proc/sequence iterator just uses the count of the next number it +will output as its position. + +Four functions must be implemented to make the iterator work. The first, +called start() takes a position as an argument and returns an iterator +which will start reading at that position. For our simple sequence example, +the start() function looks like: + + static void *ct_seq_start(struct seq_file *s, loff_t *pos) + { + loff_t *spos = kmalloc(sizeof(loff_t), GFP_KERNEL); + if (! spos) + return NULL; + *spos = *pos; + return spos; + } + +The entire data structure for this iterator is a single loff_t value +holding the current position. There is no upper bound for the sequence +iterator, but that will not be the case for most other seq_file +implementations; in most cases the start() function should check for a +"past end of file" condition and return NULL if need be. + +For more complicated applications, the private field of the seq_file +structure can be used. There is also a special value whch can be returned +by the start() function called SEQ_START_TOKEN; it can be used if you wish +to instruct your show() function (described below) to print a header at the +top of the output. SEQ_START_TOKEN should only be used if the offset is +zero, however. + +The next function to implement is called, amazingly, next(); its job is to +move the iterator forward to the next position in the sequence. The +example module can simply increment the position by one; more useful +modules will do what is needed to step through some data structure. The +next() function returns a new iterator, or NULL if the sequence is +complete. Here's the example version: + + static void *ct_seq_next(struct seq_file *s, void *v, loff_t *pos) + { + loff_t *spos = v; + *pos = ++*spos; + return spos; + } + +The stop() function is called when iteration is complete; its job, of +course, is to clean up. If dynamic memory is allocated for the iterator, +stop() is the place to free it. + + static void ct_seq_stop(struct seq_file *s, void *v) + { + kfree(v); + } + +Finally, the show() function should format the object currently pointed to +by the iterator for output. It should return zero, or an error code if +something goes wrong. The example module's show() function is: + + static int ct_seq_show(struct seq_file *s, void *v) + { + loff_t *spos = v; + seq_printf(s, "%lld\n", (long long)*spos); + return 0; + } + +We will look at seq_printf() in a moment. But first, the definition of the +seq_file iterator is finished by creating a seq_operations structure with +the four functions we have just defined: + + static const struct seq_operations ct_seq_ops = { + .start = ct_seq_start, + .next = ct_seq_next, + .stop = ct_seq_stop, + .show = ct_seq_show + }; + +This structure will be needed to tie our iterator to the /proc file in +a little bit. + +It's worth noting that the interator value returned by start() and +manipulated by the other functions is considered to be completely opaque by +the seq_file code. It can thus be anything that is useful in stepping +through the data to be output. Counters can be useful, but it could also be +a direct pointer into an array or linked list. Anything goes, as long as +the programmer is aware that things can happen between calls to the +iterator function. However, the seq_file code (by design) will not sleep +between the calls to start() and stop(), so holding a lock during that time +is a reasonable thing to do. The seq_file code will also avoid taking any +other locks while the iterator is active. + + +Formatted output + +The seq_file code manages positioning within the output created by the +iterator and getting it into the user's buffer. But, for that to work, that +output must be passed to the seq_file code. Some utility functions have +been defined which make this task easy. + +Most code will simply use seq_printf(), which works pretty much like +printk(), but which requires the seq_file pointer as an argument. It is +common to ignore the return value from seq_printf(), but a function +producing complicated output may want to check that value and quit if +something non-zero is returned; an error return means that the seq_file +buffer has been filled and further output will be discarded. + +For straight character output, the following functions may be used: + + int seq_putc(struct seq_file *m, char c); + int seq_puts(struct seq_file *m, const char *s); + int seq_escape(struct seq_file *m, const char *s, const char *esc); + +The first two output a single character and a string, just like one would +expect. seq_escape() is like seq_puts(), except that any character in s +which is in the string esc will be represented in octal form in the output. + +There is also a function for printing filenames: + + int seq_path(struct seq_file *m, struct path *path, char *esc); + +Here, path indicates the file of interest, and esc is a set of characters +which should be escaped in the output. + + +Making it all work + +So far, we have a nice set of functions which can produce output within the +seq_file system, but we have not yet turned them into a file that a user +can see. Creating a file within the kernel requires, of course, the +creation of a set of file_operations which implement the operations on that +file. The seq_file interface provides a set of canned operations which do +most of the work. The virtual file author still must implement the open() +method, however, to hook everything up. The open function is often a single +line, as in the example module: + + static int ct_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) + { + return seq_open(file, &ct_seq_ops); + } + +Here, the call to seq_open() takes the seq_operations structure we created +before, and gets set up to iterate through the virtual file. + +On a successful open, seq_open() stores the struct seq_file pointer in +file->private_data. If you have an application where the same iterator can +be used for more than one file, you can store an arbitrary pointer in the +private field of the seq_file structure; that value can then be retrieved +by the iterator functions. + +The other operations of interest - read(), llseek(), and release() - are +all implemented by the seq_file code itself. So a virtual file's +file_operations structure will look like: + + static const struct file_operations ct_file_ops = { + .owner = THIS_MODULE, + .open = ct_open, + .read = seq_read, + .llseek = seq_lseek, + .release = seq_release + }; + +There is also a seq_release_private() which passes the contents of the +seq_file private field to kfree() before releasing the structure. + +The final step is the creation of the /proc file itself. In the example +code, that is done in the initialization code in the usual way: + + static int ct_init(void) + { + struct proc_dir_entry *entry; + + entry = create_proc_entry("sequence", 0, NULL); + if (entry) + entry->proc_fops = &ct_file_ops; + return 0; + } + + module_init(ct_init); + +And that is pretty much it. + + +seq_list + +If your file will be iterating through a linked list, you may find these +routines useful: + + struct list_head *seq_list_start(struct list_head *head, + loff_t pos); + struct list_head *seq_list_start_head(struct list_head *head, + loff_t pos); + struct list_head *seq_list_next(void *v, struct list_head *head, + loff_t *ppos); + +These helpers will interpret pos as a position within the list and iterate +accordingly. Your start() and next() functions need only invoke the +seq_list_* helpers with a pointer to the appropriate list_head structure. + + +The extra-simple version + +For extremely simple virtual files, there is an even easier interface. A +module can define only the show() function, which should create all the +output that the virtual file will contain. The file's open() method then +calls: + + int single_open(struct file *file, + int (*show)(struct seq_file *m, void *p), + void *data); + +When output time comes, the show() function will be called once. The data +value given to single_open() can be found in the private field of the +seq_file structure. When using single_open(), the programmer should use +single_release() instead of seq_release() in the file_operations structure +to avoid a memory leak. diff --git a/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt b/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt index ce0e9a91e15..a73ecf5b4bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt +++ b/Documentation/hrtimers/highres.txt @@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ System-level global event devices are used for the Linux periodic tick. Per-CPU event devices are used to provide local CPU functionality such as process accounting, profiling, and high resolution timers. -The management layer assignes one or more of the folliwing functions to a clock +The management layer assigns one or more of the following functions to a clock event device: - system global periodic tick (jiffies update) - cpu local update_process_times diff --git a/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt b/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt index f95166645d2..30b4c714fbe 100644 --- a/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt +++ b/Documentation/i386/IO-APIC.txt @@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ Every PCI card emits a PCI IRQ, which can be INTA, INTB, INTC or INTD: These INTA-D PCI IRQs are always 'local to the card', their real meaning depends on which slot they are in. If you look at the daisy chaining diagram, -a card in slot4, issuing INTA IRQ, it will end up as a signal on PIRQ2 of +a card in slot4, issuing INTA IRQ, it will end up as a signal on PIRQ4 of the PCI chipset. Most cards issue INTA, this creates optimal distribution between the PIRQ lines. (distributing IRQ sources properly is not a necessity, PCI IRQs can be shared at will, but it's a good for performance diff --git a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt index 508e2a2c986..dafd001bf83 100644 --- a/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -170,11 +170,6 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA Format: <irq>,<irq>... - acpi_new_pts_ordering [HW,ACPI] - Enforce the ACPI 2.0 ordering of the _PTS control - method wrt putting devices into low power states - default: pre ACPI 2.0 ordering of _PTS - acpi_no_auto_ssdt [HW,ACPI] Disable automatic loading of SSDT acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS @@ -380,6 +375,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file ccw_timeout_log [S390] See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details. + cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller + Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable} + {Currently supported controllers - "memory"} + checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value. Format: { "0" | "1" } See security/selinux/Kconfig help text. @@ -845,7 +844,7 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c. ip= [IP_PNP] - See Documentation/nfsroot.txt. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt. ip2= [HW] Set IO/IRQ pairs for up to 4 IntelliPort boards See comment before ip2_setup() in @@ -1199,10 +1198,10 @@ and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file file if at all. nfsaddrs= [NFS] - See Documentation/nfsroot.txt. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt. nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes. - See Documentation/nfsroot.txt. + See Documentation/filesystems/nfsroot.txt. nfs.callback_tcpport= [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c index bec5a32e409..4c1fc65a8b3 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c +++ b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.c @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ /*P:100 This is the Launcher code, a simple program which lays out the - * "physical" memory for the new Guest by mapping the kernel image and the - * virtual devices, then reads repeatedly from /dev/lguest to run the Guest. -:*/ + * "physical" memory for the new Guest by mapping the kernel image and + * the virtual devices, then opens /dev/lguest to tell the kernel + * about the Guest and control it. :*/ #define _LARGEFILE64_SOURCE #define _GNU_SOURCE #include <stdio.h> @@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ #include "linux/virtio_console.h" #include "linux/virtio_ring.h" #include "asm-x86/bootparam.h" -/*L:110 We can ignore the 38 include files we need for this program, but I do +/*L:110 We can ignore the 39 include files we need for this program, but I do * want to draw attention to the use of kernel-style types. * * As Linus said, "C is a Spartan language, and so should your naming be." I @@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ static unsigned long map_elf(int elf_fd, const Elf32_Ehdr *ehdr) err(1, "Reading program headers"); /* Try all the headers: there are usually only three. A read-only one, - * a read-write one, and a "note" section which isn't loadable. */ + * a read-write one, and a "note" section which we don't load. */ for (i = 0; i < ehdr->e_phnum; i++) { /* If this isn't a loadable segment, we ignore it */ if (phdr[i].p_type != PT_LOAD) @@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ static unsigned long load_kernel(int fd) if (memcmp(hdr.e_ident, ELFMAG, SELFMAG) == 0) return map_elf(fd, &hdr); - /* Otherwise we assume it's a bzImage, and try to unpack it */ + /* Otherwise we assume it's a bzImage, and try to load it. */ return load_bzimage(fd); } @@ -433,12 +433,12 @@ static unsigned long load_initrd(const char *name, unsigned long mem) return len; } -/* Once we know how much memory we have, we can construct simple linear page +/* Once we know how much memory we have we can construct simple linear page * tables which set virtual == physical which will get the Guest far enough * into the boot to create its own. * * We lay them out of the way, just below the initrd (which is why we need to - * know its size). */ + * know its size here). */ static unsigned long setup_pagetables(unsigned long mem, unsigned long initrd_size) { @@ -850,7 +850,8 @@ static void handle_console_output(int fd, struct virtqueue *vq) * * Handling output for network is also simple: we get all the output buffers * and write them (ignoring the first element) to this device's file descriptor - * (stdout). */ + * (/dev/net/tun). + */ static void handle_net_output(int fd, struct virtqueue *vq) { unsigned int head, out, in; @@ -924,7 +925,7 @@ static void enable_fd(int fd, struct virtqueue *vq) write(waker_fd, &vq->dev->fd, sizeof(vq->dev->fd)); } -/* Resetting a device is fairly easy. */ +/* When the Guest asks us to reset a device, it's is fairly easy. */ static void reset_device(struct device *dev) { struct virtqueue *vq; @@ -1003,8 +1004,8 @@ static void handle_input(int fd) if (select(devices.max_infd+1, &fds, NULL, NULL, &poll) == 0) break; - /* Otherwise, call the device(s) which have readable - * file descriptors and a method of handling them. */ + /* Otherwise, call the device(s) which have readable file + * descriptors and a method of handling them. */ for (i = devices.dev; i; i = i->next) { if (i->handle_input && FD_ISSET(i->fd, &fds)) { int dev_fd; @@ -1015,8 +1016,7 @@ static void handle_input(int fd) * should no longer service it. Networking and * console do this when there's no input * buffers to deliver into. Console also uses - * it when it discovers that stdin is - * closed. */ + * it when it discovers that stdin is closed. */ FD_CLR(i->fd, &devices.infds); /* Tell waker to ignore it too, by sending a * negative fd number (-1, since 0 is a valid @@ -1033,7 +1033,8 @@ static void handle_input(int fd) * * All devices need a descriptor so the Guest knows it exists, and a "struct * device" so the Launcher can keep track of it. We have common helper - * routines to allocate and manage them. */ + * routines to allocate and manage them. + */ /* The layout of the device page is a "struct lguest_device_desc" followed by a * number of virtqueue descriptors, then two sets of feature bits, then an @@ -1078,7 +1079,7 @@ static void add_virtqueue(struct device *dev, unsigned int num_descs, struct virtqueue **i, *vq = malloc(sizeof(*vq)); void *p; - /* First we need some pages for this virtqueue. */ + /* First we need some memory for this virtqueue. */ pages = (vring_size(num_descs, getpagesize()) + getpagesize() - 1) / getpagesize(); p = get_pages(pages); @@ -1122,7 +1123,7 @@ static void add_virtqueue(struct device *dev, unsigned int num_descs, } /* The first half of the feature bitmask is for us to advertise features. The - * second half if for the Guest to accept features. */ + * second half is for the Guest to accept features. */ static void add_feature(struct device *dev, unsigned bit) { u8 *features = get_feature_bits(dev); @@ -1151,7 +1152,9 @@ static void set_config(struct device *dev, unsigned len, const void *conf) } /* This routine does all the creation and setup of a new device, including - * calling new_dev_desc() to allocate the descriptor and device memory. */ + * calling new_dev_desc() to allocate the descriptor and device memory. + * + * See what I mean about userspace being boring? */ static struct device *new_device(const char *name, u16 type, int fd, bool (*handle_input)(int, struct device *)) { @@ -1383,7 +1386,6 @@ struct vblk_info * Launcher triggers interrupt to Guest. */ int done_fd; }; -/*:*/ /*L:210 * The Disk @@ -1493,7 +1495,10 @@ static int io_thread(void *_dev) while (read(vblk->workpipe[0], &c, 1) == 1) { /* We acknowledge each request immediately to reduce latency, * rather than waiting until we've done them all. I haven't - * measured to see if it makes any difference. */ + * measured to see if it makes any difference. + * + * That would be an interesting test, wouldn't it? You could + * also try having more than one I/O thread. */ while (service_io(dev)) write(vblk->done_fd, &c, 1); } @@ -1501,7 +1506,7 @@ static int io_thread(void *_dev) } /* Now we've seen the I/O thread, we return to the Launcher to see what happens - * when the thread tells us it's completed some I/O. */ + * when that thread tells us it's completed some I/O. */ static bool handle_io_finish(int fd, struct device *dev) { char c; @@ -1573,11 +1578,12 @@ static void setup_block_file(const char *filename) * more work. */ pipe(vblk->workpipe); - /* Create stack for thread and run it */ + /* Create stack for thread and run it. Since stack grows upwards, we + * point the stack pointer to the end of this region. */ stack = malloc(32768); /* SIGCHLD - We dont "wait" for our cloned thread, so prevent it from * becoming a zombie. */ - if (clone(io_thread, stack + 32768, CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD, dev) == -1) + if (clone(io_thread, stack + 32768, CLONE_VM | SIGCHLD, dev) == -1) err(1, "Creating clone"); /* We don't need to keep the I/O thread's end of the pipes open. */ @@ -1587,14 +1593,14 @@ static void setup_block_file(const char *filename) verbose("device %u: virtblock %llu sectors\n", devices.device_num, le64_to_cpu(conf.capacity)); } -/* That's the end of device setup. :*/ +/* That's the end of device setup. */ -/* Reboot */ +/*L:230 Reboot is pretty easy: clean up and exec() the Launcher afresh. */ static void __attribute__((noreturn)) restart_guest(void) { unsigned int i; - /* Closing pipes causes the waker thread and io_threads to die, and + /* Closing pipes causes the Waker thread and io_threads to die, and * closing /dev/lguest cleans up the Guest. Since we don't track all * open fds, we simply close everything beyond stderr. */ for (i = 3; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) @@ -1603,7 +1609,7 @@ static void __attribute__((noreturn)) restart_guest(void) err(1, "Could not exec %s", main_args[0]); } -/*L:220 Finally we reach the core of the Launcher, which runs the Guest, serves +/*L:220 Finally we reach the core of the Launcher which runs the Guest, serves * its input and output, and finally, lays it to rest. */ static void __attribute__((noreturn)) run_guest(int lguest_fd) { @@ -1644,7 +1650,7 @@ static void __attribute__((noreturn)) run_guest(int lguest_fd) err(1, "Resetting break"); } } -/* +/*L:240 * This is the end of the Launcher. The good news: we are over halfway * through! The bad news: the most fiendish part of the code still lies ahead * of us. @@ -1691,8 +1697,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) * device receive input from a file descriptor, we keep an fdset * (infds) and the maximum fd number (max_infd) with the head of the * list. We also keep a pointer to the last device. Finally, we keep - * the next interrupt number to hand out (1: remember that 0 is used by - * the timer). */ + * the next interrupt number to use for devices (1: remember that 0 is + * used by the timer). */ FD_ZERO(&devices.infds); devices.max_infd = -1; devices.lastdev = NULL; @@ -1793,8 +1799,8 @@ int main(int argc, char *argv[]) lguest_fd = tell_kernel(pgdir, start); /* We fork off a child process, which wakes the Launcher whenever one - * of the input file descriptors needs attention. Otherwise we would - * run the Guest until it tries to output something. */ + * of the input file descriptors needs attention. We call this the + * Waker, and we'll cover it in a moment. */ waker_fd = setup_waker(lguest_fd); /* Finally, run the Guest. This doesn't return. */ diff --git a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt index 722d4e7fbeb..29510dc5151 100644 --- a/Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt +++ b/Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ -Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guide to Lguest - - or, A Young Coder's Illustrated Hypervisor -http://lguest.ozlabs.org + __ + (___()'`; Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guide to Lguest + /, /` - or, A Young Coder's Illustrated Hypervisor + \\"--\\ http://lguest.ozlabs.org Lguest is designed to be a minimal hypervisor for the Linux kernel, for Linux developers and users to experiment with virtualization with the @@ -41,12 +42,16 @@ Running Lguest: CONFIG_PHYSICAL_ALIGN=0x100000) "Device Drivers": + "Block devices" + "Virtio block driver (EXPERIMENTAL)" = M/Y "Network device support" "Universal TUN/TAP device driver support" = M/Y - (CONFIG_TUN=m) - "Virtualization" - "Linux hypervisor example code" = M/Y - (CONFIG_LGUEST=m) + "Virtio network driver (EXPERIMENTAL)" = M/Y + (CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=m, CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=m and CONFIG_TUN=m) + + "Virtualization" + "Linux hypervisor example code" = M/Y + (CONFIG_LGUEST=m) - A tool called "lguest" is available in this directory: type "make" to build it. If you didn't build your kernel in-tree, use "make diff --git a/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX b/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX index 02e56d447a8..c485ee028bd 100644 --- a/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/networking/00-INDEX @@ -84,9 +84,6 @@ policy-routing.txt - IP policy-based routing ray_cs.txt - Raylink Wireless LAN card driver info. -sk98lin.txt - - Marvell Yukon Chipset / SysKonnect SK-98xx compliant Gigabit - Ethernet Adapter family driver info skfp.txt - SysKonnect FDDI (SK-5xxx, Compaq Netelligent) driver info. smc9.txt diff --git a/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt b/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 8590a954df1..00000000000 --- a/Documentation/networking/sk98lin.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,568 +0,0 @@ -(C)Copyright 1999-2004 Marvell(R). -All rights reserved -=========================================================================== - -sk98lin.txt created 13-Feb-2004 - -Readme File for sk98lin v6.23 -Marvell Yukon/SysKonnect SK-98xx Gigabit Ethernet Adapter family driver for LINUX - -This file contains - 1 Overview - 2 Required Files - 3 Installation - 3.1 Driver Installation - 3.2 Inclusion of adapter at system start - 4 Driver Parameters - 4.1 Per-Port Parameters - 4.2 Adapter Parameters - 5 Large Frame Support - 6 VLAN and Link Aggregation Support (IEEE 802.1, 802.1q, 802.3ad) - 7 Troubleshooting - -=========================================================================== - - -1 Overview -=========== - -The sk98lin driver supports the Marvell Yukon and SysKonnect -SK-98xx/SK-95xx compliant Gigabit Ethernet Adapter on Linux. It has -been tested with Linux on Intel/x86 machines. -*** - - -2 Required Files -================= - -The linux kernel source. -No additional files required. -*** - - -3 Installation -=============== - -It is recommended to download the latest version of the driver from the -SysKonnect web site www.syskonnect.com. If you have downloaded the latest -driver, the Linux kernel has to be patched before the driver can be -installed. For details on how to patch a Linux kernel, refer to the -patch.txt file. - -3.1 Driver Installation ------------------------- - -The following steps describe the actions that are required to install -the driver and to start it manually. These steps should be carried -out for the initial driver setup. Once confirmed to be ok, they can -be included in the system start. - -NOTE 1: To perform the following tasks you need 'root' access. - -NOTE 2: In case of problems, please read the section "Troubleshooting" - below. - -The driver can either be integrated into the kernel or it can be compiled -as a module. Select the appropriate option during the kernel -configuration. - -Compile/use the driver as a module ----------------------------------- -To compile the driver, go to the directory /usr/src/linux and -execute the command "make menuconfig" or "make xconfig" and proceed as -follows: - -To integrate the driver permanently into the kernel, proceed as follows: - -1. Select the menu "Network device support" and then "Ethernet(1000Mbit)" -2. Mark "Marvell Yukon Chipset / SysKonnect SK-98xx family support" - with (*) -3. Build a new kernel when the configuration of the above options is - finished. -4. Install the new kernel. -5. Reboot your system. - -To use the driver as a module, proceed as follows: - -1. Enable 'loadable module support' in the kernel. -2. For automatic driver start, enable the 'Kernel module loader'. -3. Select the menu "Network device support" and then "Ethernet(1000Mbit)" -4. Mark "Marvell Yukon Chipset / SysKonnect SK-98xx family support" - with (M) -5. Execute the command "make modules". -6. Execute the command "make modules_install". - The appropriate modules will be installed. -7. Reboot your system. - - -Load the module manually ------------------------- -To load the module manually, proceed as follows: - -1. Enter "modprobe sk98lin". -2. If a Marvell Yukon or SysKonnect SK-98xx adapter is installed in - your computer and you have a /proc file system, execute the command: - "ls /proc/net/sk98lin/" - This should produce an output containing a line with the following - format: - eth0 eth1 ... - which indicates that your adapter has been found and initialized. - - NOTE 1: If you have more than one Marvell Yukon or SysKonnect SK-98xx - adapter installed, the adapters will be listed as 'eth0', - 'eth1', 'eth2', etc. - For each adapter, repeat steps 3 and 4 below. - - NOTE 2: If you have other Ethernet adapters installed, your Marvell - Yukon or SysKonnect SK-98xx adapter will be mapped to the - next available number, e.g. 'eth1'. The mapping is executed - automatically. - The module installation message (displayed either in a system - log file or on the console) prints a line for each adapter - found containing the corresponding 'ethX'. - -3. Select an IP address and assign it to the respective adapter by - entering: - ifconfig eth0 <ip-address> - With this command, the adapter is connected to the Ethernet. - - SK-98xx Gigabit Ethernet Server Adapters: The yellow LED on the adapter - is now active, the link status LED of the primary port is active and - the link status LED of the secondary port (on dual port adapters) is - blinking (if the ports are connected to a switch or hub). - SK-98xx V2.0 Gigabit Ethernet Adapters: The link status LED is active. - In addition, you will receive a status message on the console stating - "ethX: network connection up using port Y" and showing the selected - connection parameters (x stands for the ethernet device number - (0,1,2, etc), y stands for the port name (A or B)). - - NOTE: If you are in doubt about IP addresses, ask your network - administrator for assistance. - -4. Your adapter should now be fully operational. - Use 'ping <otherstation>' to verify the connection to other computers - on your network. -5. To check the adapter configuration view /proc/net/sk98lin/[devicename]. - For example by executing: - "cat /proc/net/sk98lin/eth0" - -Unload the module ------------------ -To stop and unload the driver modules, proceed as follows: - -1. Execute the command "ifconfig eth0 down". -2. Execute the command "rmmod sk98lin". - -3.2 Inclusion of adapter at system start ------------------------------------------ - -Since a large number of different Linux distributions are -available, we are unable to describe a general installation procedure -for the driver module. -Because the driver is now integrated in the kernel, installation should -be easy, using the standard mechanism of your distribution. -Refer to the distribution's manual for installation of ethernet adapters. - -*** - -4 Driver Parameters -==================== - -Parameters can be set at the command line after the module has been -loaded with the command 'modprobe'. -In some distributions, the configuration tools are able to pass parameters -to the driver module. - -If you use the kernel module loader, you can set driver parameters -in the file /etc/modprobe.conf (or /etc/modules.conf in 2.4 or earlier). -To set the driver parameters in this file, proceed as follows: - -1. Insert a line of the form : - options sk98lin ... - For "...", the same syntax is required as described for the command - line parameters of modprobe below. -2. To activate the new parameters, either reboot your computer - or - unload and reload the driver. - The syntax of the driver parameters is: - - modprobe sk98lin parameter=value1[,value2[,value3...]] - - where value1 refers to the first adapter, value2 to the second etc. - -NOTE: All parameters are case sensitive. Write them exactly as shown - below. - -Example: -Suppose you have two adapters. You want to set auto-negotiation -on the first adapter to ON and on the second adapter to OFF. -You also want to set DuplexCapabilities on the first adapter -to FULL, and on the second adapter to HALF. -Then, you must enter: - - modprobe sk98lin AutoNeg_A=On,Off DupCap_A=Full,Half - -NOTE: The number of adapters that can be configured this way is - limited in the driver (file skge.c, constant SK_MAX_CARD_PARAM). - The current limit is 16. If you happen to install - more adapters, adjust this and recompile. - - -4.1 Per-Port Parameters ------------------------- - -These settings are available for each port on the adapter. -In the following description, '?' stands for the port for -which you set the parameter (A or B). - -Speed ------ -Parameter: Speed_? -Values: 10, 100, 1000, Auto -Default: Auto - -This parameter is used to set the speed capabilities. It is only valid -for the SK-98xx V2.0 copper adapters. -Usually, the speed is negotiated between the two ports during link -establishment. If this fails, a port can be forced to a specific setting -with this parameter. - -Auto-Negotiation ----------------- -Parameter: AutoNeg_? -Values: On, Off, Sense -Default: On - -The "Sense"-mode automatically detects whether the link partner supports -auto-negotiation or not. - -Duplex Capabilities -------------------- -Parameter: DupCap_? -Values: Half, Full, Both -Default: Both - -This parameters is only relevant if auto-negotiation for this port is -not set to "Sense". If auto-negotiation is set to "On", all three values -are possible. If it is set to "Off", only "Full" and "Half" are allowed. -This parameter is useful if your link partner does not support all -possible combinations. - -Flow Control ------------- -Parameter: FlowCtrl_? -Values: Sym, SymOrRem, LocSend, None -Default: SymOrRem - -This parameter can be used to set the flow control capabilities the -port reports during auto-negotiation. It can be set for each port -individually. -Possible modes: - -- Sym = Symmetric: both link partners are allowed to send - PAUSE frames - -- SymOrRem = SymmetricOrRemote: both or only remote partner - are allowed to send PAUSE frames - -- LocSend = LocalSend: only local link partner is allowed - to send PAUSE frames - -- None = no link partner is allowed to send PAUSE frames - -NOTE: This parameter is ignored if auto-negotiation is set to "Off". - -Role in Master-Slave-Negotiation (1000Base-T only) --------------------------------------------------- -Parameter: Role_? -Values: Auto, Master, Slave -Default: Auto - -This parameter is only valid for the SK-9821 and SK-9822 adapters. -For two 1000Base-T ports to communicate, one must take the role of the -master (providing timing information), while the other must be the -slave. Usually, this is negotiated between the two ports during link -establishment. If this fails, a port can be forced to a specific setting -with this parameter. - - -4.2 Adapter Parameters ------------------------ - -Connection Type (SK-98xx V2.0 copper adapters only) ---------------- -Parameter: ConType -Values: Auto, 100FD, 100HD, 10FD, 10HD -Default: Auto - -The parameter 'ConType' is a combination of all five per-port parameters -within one single parameter. This simplifies the configuration of both ports -of an adapter card! The different values of this variable reflect the most -meaningful combinations of port parameters. - -The following table shows the values of 'ConType' and the corresponding -combinations of the per-port parameters: - - ConType | DupCap AutoNeg FlowCtrl Role Speed - ----------+------------------------------------------------------ - Auto | Both On SymOrRem Auto Auto - 100FD | Full Off None Auto (ignored) 100 - 100HD | Half Off None Auto (ignored) 100 - 10FD | Full Off None Auto (ignored) 10 - 10HD | Half Off None Auto (ignored) 10 - -Stating any other port parameter together with this 'ConType' variable -will result in a merged configuration of those settings. This due to -the fact, that the per-port parameters (e.g. Speed_? ) have a higher -priority than the combined variable 'ConType'. - -NOTE: This parameter is always used on both ports of the adapter card. - -Interrupt Moderation --------------------- -Parameter: Moderation -Values: None, Static, Dynamic -Default: None - -Interrupt moderation is employed to limit the maximum number of interrupts -the driver has to serve. That is, one or more interrupts (which indicate any -transmit or receive packet to be processed) are queued until the driver -processes them. When queued interrupts are to be served, is determined by the -'IntsPerSec' parameter, which is explained later below. - -Possible modes: - - -- None - No interrupt moderation is applied on the adapter card. - Therefore, each transmit or receive interrupt is served immediately - as soon as it appears on the interrupt line of the adapter card. - - -- Static - Interrupt moderation is applied on the adapter card. - All transmit and receive interrupts are queued until a complete - moderation interval ends. If such a moderation interval ends, all - queued interrupts are processed in one big bunch without any delay. - The term 'static' reflects the fact, that interrupt moderation is - always enabled, regardless how much network load is currently - passing via a particular interface. In addition, the duration of - the moderation interval has a fixed length that never changes while - the driver is operational. - - -- Dynamic - Interrupt moderation might be applied on the adapter card, - depending on the load of the system. If the driver detects that the - system load is too high, the driver tries to shield the system against - too much network load by enabling interrupt moderation. If - at a later - time - the CPU utilization decreases again (or if the network load is - negligible) the interrupt moderation will automatically be disabled. - -Interrupt moderation should be used when the driver has to handle one or more -interfaces with a high network load, which - as a consequence - leads also to a -high CPU utilization. When moderation is applied in such high network load -situations, CPU load might be reduced by 20-30%. - -NOTE: The drawback of using interrupt moderation is an increase of the round- -trip-time (RTT), due to the queueing and serving of interrupts at dedicated -moderation times. - -Interrupts per second ---------------------- -Parameter: IntsPerSec -Values: 30...40000 (interrupts per second) -Default: 2000 - -This parameter is only used if either static or dynamic interrupt moderation -is used on a network adapter card. Using this parameter if no moderation is -applied will lead to no action performed. - -This parameter determines the length of any interrupt moderation interval. -Assuming that static interrupt moderation is to be used, an 'IntsPerSec' -parameter value of 2000 will lead to an interrupt moderation interval of -500 microseconds. - -NOTE: The duration of the moderation interval is to be chosen with care. -At first glance, selecting a very long duration (e.g. only 100 interrupts per -second) seems to be meaningful, but the increase of packet-processing delay -is tremendous. On the other hand, selecting a very short moderation time might -compensate the use of any moderation being applied. - - -Preferred Port --------------- -Parameter: PrefPort -Values: A, B -Default: A - -This is used to force the preferred port to A or B (on dual-port network -adapters). The preferred port is the one that is used if both are detected -as fully functional. - -RLMT Mode (Redundant Link Management Technology) ------------------------------------------------- -Parameter: RlmtMode -Values: CheckLinkState,CheckLocalPort, CheckSeg, DualNet -Default: CheckLinkState - -RLMT monitors the status of the port. If the link of the active port -fails, RLMT switches immediately to the standby link. The virtual link is -maintained as long as at least one 'physical' link is up. - -Possible modes: - - -- CheckLinkState - Check link state only: RLMT uses the link state - reported by the adapter hardware for each individual port to - determine whether a port can be used for all network traffic or - not. - - -- CheckLocalPort - In this mode, RLMT monitors the network path - between the two ports of an adapter by regularly exchanging packets - between them. This mode requires a network configuration in which - the two ports are able to "see" each other (i.e. there must not be - any router between the ports). - - -- CheckSeg - Check local port and segmentation: This mode supports the - same functions as the CheckLocalPort mode and additionally checks - network segmentation between the ports. Therefore, this mode is only - to be used if Gigabit Ethernet switches are installed on the network - that have been configured to use the Spanning Tree protocol. - - -- DualNet - In this mode, ports A and B are used as separate devices. - If you have a dual port adapter, port A will be configured as eth0 - and port B as eth1. Both ports can be used independently with - distinct IP addresses. The preferred port setting is not used. - RLMT is turned off. - -NOTE: RLMT modes CLP and CLPSS are designed to operate in configurations - where a network path between the ports on one adapter exists. - Moreover, they are not designed to work where adapters are connected - back-to-back. -*** - - -5 Large Frame Support -====================== - -The driver supports large frames (also called jumbo frames). Using large -frames can result in an improved throughput if transferring large amounts -of data. -To enable large frames, set the MTU (maximum transfer unit) of the -interface to the desired value (up to 9000), execute the following -command: - ifconfig eth0 mtu 9000 -This will only work if you have two adapters connected back-to-back -or if you use a switch that supports large frames. When using a switch, -it should be configured to allow large frames and auto-negotiation should -be set to OFF. The setting must be configured on all adapters that can be -reached by the large frames. If one adapter is not set to receive large -frames, it will simply drop them. - -You can switch back to the standard ethernet frame size by executing the -following command: - ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500 - -To permanently configure this setting, add a script with the 'ifconfig' -line to the system startup sequence (named something like "S99sk98lin" -in /etc/rc.d/rc2.d). -*** - - -6 VLAN and Link Aggregation Support (IEEE 802.1, 802.1q, 802.3ad) -================================================================== - -The Marvell Yukon/SysKonnect Linux drivers are able to support VLAN and -Link Aggregation according to IEEE standards 802.1, 802.1q, and 802.3ad. -These features are only available after installation of open source -modules available on the Internet: -For VLAN go to: http://www.candelatech.com/~greear/vlan.html -For Link Aggregation go to: http://www.st.rim.or.jp/~yumo - -NOTE: SysKonnect GmbH does not offer any support for these open source - modules and does not take the responsibility for any kind of - failures or problems arising in connection with these modules. - -NOTE: Configuring Link Aggregation on a SysKonnect dual link adapter may - cause problems when unloading the driver. - - -7 Troubleshooting -================== - -If any problems occur during the installation process, check the -following list: - - -Problem: The SK-98xx adapter cannot be found by the driver. -Solution: In /proc/pci search for the following entry: - 'Ethernet controller: SysKonnect SK-98xx ...' - If this entry exists, the SK-98xx or SK-98xx V2.0 adapter has - been found by the system and should be operational. - If this entry does not exist or if the file '/proc/pci' is not - found, there may be a hardware problem or the PCI support may - not be enabled in your kernel. - The adapter can be checked using the diagnostics program which - is available on the SysKonnect web site: - www.syskonnect.com - - Some COMPAQ machines have problems dealing with PCI under Linux. - This problem is described in the 'PCI howto' document - (included in some distributions or available from the - web, e.g. at 'www.linux.org'). - - -Problem: Programs such as 'ifconfig' or 'route' cannot be found or the - error message 'Operation not permitted' is displayed. -Reason: You are not logged in as user 'root'. -Solution: Logout and login as 'root' or change to 'root' via 'su'. - - -Problem: Upon use of the command 'ping <address>' the message - "ping: sendto: Network is unreachable" is displayed. -Reason: Your route is not set correctly. -Solution: If you are using RedHat, you probably forgot to set up the - route in the 'network configuration'. - Check the existing routes with the 'route' command and check - if an entry for 'eth0' exists, and if so, if it is set correctly. - - -Problem: The driver can be started, the adapter is connected to the - network, but you cannot receive or transmit any packets; - e.g. 'ping' does not work. -Reason: There is an incorrect route in your routing table. -Solution: Check the routing table with the command 'route' and read the - manual help pages dealing with routes (enter 'man route'). - -NOTE: Although the 2.2.x kernel versions generate the routing entry - automatically, problems of this kind may occur here as well. We've - come across a situation in which the driver started correctly at - system start, but after the driver has been removed and reloaded, - the route of the adapter's network pointed to the 'dummy0'device - and had to be corrected manually. - - -Problem: Your computer should act as a router between multiple - IP subnetworks (using multiple adapters), but computers in - other subnetworks cannot be reached. -Reason: Either the router's kernel is not configured for IP forwarding - or the routing table and gateway configuration of at least one - computer is not working. - -Problem: Upon driver start, the following error message is displayed: - "eth0: -- ERROR -- - Class: internal Software error - Nr: 0xcc - Msg: SkGeInitPort() cannot init running ports" -Reason: You are using a driver compiled for single processor machines - on a multiprocessor machine with SMP (Symmetric MultiProcessor) - kernel. -Solution: Configure your kernel appropriately and recompile the kernel or - the modules. - - - -If your problem is not listed here, please contact SysKonnect's technical -support for help (linux@syskonnect.de). -When contacting our technical support, please ensure that the following -information is available: -- System Manufacturer and HW Informations (CPU, Memory... ) -- PCI-Boards in your system -- Distribution -- Kernel version -- Driver version -*** - - - -***End of Readme File*** diff --git a/Documentation/nmi_watchdog.txt b/Documentation/nmi_watchdog.txt index c025a4561c1..757c729ee42 100644 --- a/Documentation/nmi_watchdog.txt +++ b/Documentation/nmi_watchdog.txt @@ -23,8 +23,7 @@ kernel debugging options, such as Kernel Stack Meter or Kernel Tracer, may implicitly disable the NMI watchdog.] For x86-64, the needed APIC is always compiled in, and the NMI watchdog is -always enabled with I/O-APIC mode (nmi_watchdog=1). Currently, local APIC -mode (nmi_watchdog=2) does not work on x86-64. +always enabled with I/O-APIC mode (nmi_watchdog=1). Using local APIC (nmi_watchdog=2) needs the first performance register, so you can't use it for other purposes (such as high precision performance diff --git a/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX b/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX index b5f5ca069b2..fc234d093fb 100644 --- a/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/00-INDEX @@ -12,5 +12,7 @@ sched-domains.txt - information on scheduling domains. sched-nice-design.txt - How and why the scheduler's nice levels are implemented. +sched-rt-group.txt + - real-time group scheduling. sched-stats.txt - information on schedstats (Linux Scheduler Statistics). diff --git a/Documentation/sched-rt-group.txt b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt index 1c6332f4543..1c6332f4543 100644 --- a/Documentation/sched-rt-group.txt +++ b/Documentation/scheduler/sched-rt-group.txt diff --git a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary index 8861e47e5a2..6d5f18143c5 100644 --- a/Documentation/spi/spi-summary +++ b/Documentation/spi/spi-summary @@ -116,6 +116,13 @@ low order bit. So when a chip's timing diagram shows the clock starting low (CPOL=0) and data stabilized for sampling during the trailing clock edge (CPHA=1), that's SPI mode 1. +Note that the clock mode is relevant as soon as the chipselect goes +active. So the master must set the clock to inactive before selecting +a slave, and the slave can tell the chosen polarity by sampling the +clock level when its select line goes active. That's why many devices +support for example both modes 0 and 3: they don't care about polarity, +and alway clock data in/out on rising clock edges. + How do these driver programming interfaces work? ------------------------------------------------ @@ -379,8 +386,14 @@ any more such messages. + when bidirectional reads and writes start ... by how its sequence of spi_transfer requests is arranged; + + which I/O buffers are used ... each spi_transfer wraps a + buffer for each transfer direction, supporting full duplex + (two pointers, maybe the same one in both cases) and half + duplex (one pointer is NULL) transfers; + + optionally defining short delays after transfers ... using - the spi_transfer.delay_usecs setting; + the spi_transfer.delay_usecs setting (this delay can be the + only protocol effect, if the buffer length is zero); + whether the chipselect becomes inactive after a transfer and any delay ... by using the spi_transfer.cs_change flag; diff --git a/Documentation/spinlocks.txt b/Documentation/spinlocks.txt index 471e7538977..619699dde59 100644 --- a/Documentation/spinlocks.txt +++ b/Documentation/spinlocks.txt @@ -5,6 +5,28 @@ Please use DEFINE_SPINLOCK()/DEFINE_RWLOCK() or __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED()/__RW_LOCK_UNLOCKED() as appropriate for static initialization. +Most of the time, you can simply turn: + + static spinlock_t xxx_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; + +into: + + static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(xxx_lock); + +Static structure member variables go from: + + struct foo bar { + .lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED; + }; + +to: + + struct foo bar { + .lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(bar.lock); + }; + +Declaration of static rw_locks undergo a similar transformation. + Dynamic initialization, when necessary, may be performed as demonstrated below. diff --git a/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt b/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt index 6223eace3c0..b0472ac5226 100644 --- a/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt +++ b/Documentation/unaligned-memory-access.txt @@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ here; a summary of the common scenarios is presented below: unaligned access to be corrected. - Some architectures are not capable of unaligned memory access, but will silently perform a different memory access to the one that was requested, - resulting a a subtle code bug that is hard to detect! + resulting in a subtle code bug that is hard to detect! It should be obvious from the above that if your code causes unaligned memory accesses to happen, your code will not work correctly on certain @@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ memory and you wish to avoid unaligned access, its usage is as follows: u32 value = get_unaligned((u32 *) data); -These macros work work for memory accesses of any length (not just 32 bits as +These macros work for memory accesses of any length (not just 32 bits as in the examples above). Be aware that when compared to standard access of aligned memory, using these macros to access unaligned memory can be costly in terms of performance. |