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-BSD Secure Levels Linux Security Module
-Michael A. Halcrow <mike@halcrow.us>
-
-
-Introduction
-
-Under the BSD Secure Levels security model, sets of policies are
-associated with levels. Levels range from -1 to 2, with -1 being the
-weakest and 2 being the strongest. These security policies are
-enforced at the kernel level, so not even the superuser is able to
-disable or circumvent them. This hardens the machine against attackers
-who gain root access to the system.
-
-
-Levels and Policies
-
-Level -1 (Permanently Insecure):
- - Cannot increase the secure level
-
-Level 0 (Insecure):
- - Cannot ptrace the init process
-
-Level 1 (Default):
- - /dev/mem and /dev/kmem are read-only
- - IMMUTABLE and APPEND extended attributes, if set, may not be unset
- - Cannot load or unload kernel modules
- - Cannot write directly to a mounted block device
- - Cannot perform raw I/O operations
- - Cannot perform network administrative tasks
- - Cannot setuid any file
-
-Level 2 (Secure):
- - Cannot decrement the system time
- - Cannot write to any block device, whether mounted or not
- - Cannot unmount any mounted filesystems
-
-
-Compilation
-
-To compile the BSD Secure Levels LSM, seclvl.ko, enable the
-SECURITY_SECLVL configuration option. This is found under Security
-options -> BSD Secure Levels in the kernel configuration menu.
-
-
-Basic Usage
-
-Once the machine is in a running state, with all the necessary modules
-loaded and all the filesystems mounted, you can load the seclvl.ko
-module:
-
-# insmod seclvl.ko
-
-The module defaults to secure level 1, except when compiled directly
-into the kernel, in which case it defaults to secure level 0. To raise
-the secure level to 2, the administrator writes ``2'' to the
-seclvl/seclvl file under the sysfs mount point (assumed to be /sys in
-these examples):
-
-# echo -n "2" > /sys/seclvl/seclvl
-
-Alternatively, you can initialize the module at secure level 2 with
-the initlvl module parameter:
-
-# insmod seclvl.ko initlvl=2
-
-At this point, it is impossible to remove the module or reduce the
-secure level. If the administrator wishes to have the option of doing
-so, he must provide a module parameter, sha1_passwd, that specifies
-the SHA1 hash of the password that can be used to reduce the secure
-level to 0.
-
-To generate this SHA1 hash, the administrator can use OpenSSL:
-
-# echo -n "boogabooga" | openssl sha1
-abeda4e0f33defa51741217592bf595efb8d289c
-
-In order to use password-instigated secure level reduction, the SHA1
-crypto module must be loaded or compiled into the kernel:
-
-# insmod sha1.ko
-
-The administrator can then insmod the seclvl module, including the
-SHA1 hash of the password:
-
-# insmod seclvl.ko
- sha1_passwd=abeda4e0f33defa51741217592bf595efb8d289c
-
-To reduce the secure level, write the password to seclvl/passwd under
-your sysfs mount point:
-
-# echo -n "boogabooga" > /sys/seclvl/passwd
-
-The September 2004 edition of Sys Admin Magazine has an article about
-the BSD Secure Levels LSM. I encourage you to refer to that article
-for a more in-depth treatment of this security module:
-
-http://www.samag.com/documents/s=9304/sam0409a/0409a.htm