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+// This file is part of Eigen, a lightweight C++ template library
+// for linear algebra.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2008-2011 Gael Guennebaud <gael.guennebaud@inria.fr>
+// Copyright (C) 2009 Keir Mierle <mierle@gmail.com>
+// Copyright (C) 2009 Benoit Jacob <jacob.benoit.1@gmail.com>
+// Copyright (C) 2011 Timothy E. Holy <tim.holy@gmail.com >
+//
+// This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla
+// Public License v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed
+// with this file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+
+#ifndef EIGEN_LDLT_H
+#define EIGEN_LDLT_H
+
+namespace Eigen {
+
+namespace internal {
+ template<typename MatrixType, int UpLo> struct LDLT_Traits;
+
+ // PositiveSemiDef means positive semi-definite and non-zero; same for NegativeSemiDef
+ enum SignMatrix { PositiveSemiDef, NegativeSemiDef, ZeroSign, Indefinite };
+}
+
+/** \ingroup Cholesky_Module
+ *
+ * \class LDLT
+ *
+ * \brief Robust Cholesky decomposition of a matrix with pivoting
+ *
+ * \tparam _MatrixType the type of the matrix of which to compute the LDL^T Cholesky decomposition
+ * \tparam _UpLo the triangular part that will be used for the decompositon: Lower (default) or Upper.
+ * The other triangular part won't be read.
+ *
+ * Perform a robust Cholesky decomposition of a positive semidefinite or negative semidefinite
+ * matrix \f$ A \f$ such that \f$ A = P^TLDL^*P \f$, where P is a permutation matrix, L
+ * is lower triangular with a unit diagonal and D is a diagonal matrix.
+ *
+ * The decomposition uses pivoting to ensure stability, so that L will have
+ * zeros in the bottom right rank(A) - n submatrix. Avoiding the square root
+ * on D also stabilizes the computation.
+ *
+ * Remember that Cholesky decompositions are not rank-revealing. Also, do not use a Cholesky
+ * decomposition to determine whether a system of equations has a solution.
+ *
+ * This class supports the \link InplaceDecomposition inplace decomposition \endlink mechanism.
+ *
+ * \sa MatrixBase::ldlt(), SelfAdjointView::ldlt(), class LLT
+ */
+template<typename _MatrixType, int _UpLo> class LDLT
+{
+ public:
+ typedef _MatrixType MatrixType;
+ enum {
+ RowsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::RowsAtCompileTime,
+ ColsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::ColsAtCompileTime,
+ MaxRowsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::MaxRowsAtCompileTime,
+ MaxColsAtCompileTime = MatrixType::MaxColsAtCompileTime,
+ UpLo = _UpLo
+ };
+ typedef typename MatrixType::Scalar Scalar;
+ typedef typename NumTraits<typename MatrixType::Scalar>::Real RealScalar;
+ typedef Eigen::Index Index; ///< \deprecated since Eigen 3.3
+ typedef typename MatrixType::StorageIndex StorageIndex;
+ typedef Matrix<Scalar, RowsAtCompileTime, 1, 0, MaxRowsAtCompileTime, 1> TmpMatrixType;
+
+ typedef Transpositions<RowsAtCompileTime, MaxRowsAtCompileTime> TranspositionType;
+ typedef PermutationMatrix<RowsAtCompileTime, MaxRowsAtCompileTime> PermutationType;
+
+ typedef internal::LDLT_Traits<MatrixType,UpLo> Traits;
+
+ /** \brief Default Constructor.
+ *
+ * The default constructor is useful in cases in which the user intends to
+ * perform decompositions via LDLT::compute(const MatrixType&).
+ */
+ LDLT()
+ : m_matrix(),
+ m_transpositions(),
+ m_sign(internal::ZeroSign),
+ m_isInitialized(false)
+ {}
+
+ /** \brief Default Constructor with memory preallocation
+ *
+ * Like the default constructor but with preallocation of the internal data
+ * according to the specified problem \a size.
+ * \sa LDLT()
+ */
+ explicit LDLT(Index size)
+ : m_matrix(size, size),
+ m_transpositions(size),
+ m_temporary(size),
+ m_sign(internal::ZeroSign),
+ m_isInitialized(false)
+ {}
+
+ /** \brief Constructor with decomposition
+ *
+ * This calculates the decomposition for the input \a matrix.
+ *
+ * \sa LDLT(Index size)
+ */
+ template<typename InputType>
+ explicit LDLT(const EigenBase<InputType>& matrix)
+ : m_matrix(matrix.rows(), matrix.cols()),
+ m_transpositions(matrix.rows()),
+ m_temporary(matrix.rows()),
+ m_sign(internal::ZeroSign),
+ m_isInitialized(false)
+ {
+ compute(matrix.derived());
+ }
+
+ /** \brief Constructs a LDLT factorization from a given matrix
+ *
+ * This overloaded constructor is provided for \link InplaceDecomposition inplace decomposition \endlink when \c MatrixType is a Eigen::Ref.
+ *
+ * \sa LDLT(const EigenBase&)
+ */
+ template<typename InputType>
+ explicit LDLT(EigenBase<InputType>& matrix)
+ : m_matrix(matrix.derived()),
+ m_transpositions(matrix.rows()),
+ m_temporary(matrix.rows()),
+ m_sign(internal::ZeroSign),
+ m_isInitialized(false)
+ {
+ compute(matrix.derived());
+ }
+
+ /** Clear any existing decomposition
+ * \sa rankUpdate(w,sigma)
+ */
+ void setZero()
+ {
+ m_isInitialized = false;
+ }
+
+ /** \returns a view of the upper triangular matrix U */
+ inline typename Traits::MatrixU matrixU() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return Traits::getU(m_matrix);
+ }
+
+ /** \returns a view of the lower triangular matrix L */
+ inline typename Traits::MatrixL matrixL() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return Traits::getL(m_matrix);
+ }
+
+ /** \returns the permutation matrix P as a transposition sequence.
+ */
+ inline const TranspositionType& transpositionsP() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_transpositions;
+ }
+
+ /** \returns the coefficients of the diagonal matrix D */
+ inline Diagonal<const MatrixType> vectorD() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_matrix.diagonal();
+ }
+
+ /** \returns true if the matrix is positive (semidefinite) */
+ inline bool isPositive() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_sign == internal::PositiveSemiDef || m_sign == internal::ZeroSign;
+ }
+
+ /** \returns true if the matrix is negative (semidefinite) */
+ inline bool isNegative(void) const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_sign == internal::NegativeSemiDef || m_sign == internal::ZeroSign;
+ }
+
+ /** \returns a solution x of \f$ A x = b \f$ using the current decomposition of A.
+ *
+ * This function also supports in-place solves using the syntax <tt>x = decompositionObject.solve(x)</tt> .
+ *
+ * \note_about_checking_solutions
+ *
+ * More precisely, this method solves \f$ A x = b \f$ using the decomposition \f$ A = P^T L D L^* P \f$
+ * by solving the systems \f$ P^T y_1 = b \f$, \f$ L y_2 = y_1 \f$, \f$ D y_3 = y_2 \f$,
+ * \f$ L^* y_4 = y_3 \f$ and \f$ P x = y_4 \f$ in succession. If the matrix \f$ A \f$ is singular, then
+ * \f$ D \f$ will also be singular (all the other matrices are invertible). In that case, the
+ * least-square solution of \f$ D y_3 = y_2 \f$ is computed. This does not mean that this function
+ * computes the least-square solution of \f$ A x = b \f$ is \f$ A \f$ is singular.
+ *
+ * \sa MatrixBase::ldlt(), SelfAdjointView::ldlt()
+ */
+ template<typename Rhs>
+ inline const Solve<LDLT, Rhs>
+ solve(const MatrixBase<Rhs>& b) const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ eigen_assert(m_matrix.rows()==b.rows()
+ && "LDLT::solve(): invalid number of rows of the right hand side matrix b");
+ return Solve<LDLT, Rhs>(*this, b.derived());
+ }
+
+ template<typename Derived>
+ bool solveInPlace(MatrixBase<Derived> &bAndX) const;
+
+ template<typename InputType>
+ LDLT& compute(const EigenBase<InputType>& matrix);
+
+ /** \returns an estimate of the reciprocal condition number of the matrix of
+ * which \c *this is the LDLT decomposition.
+ */
+ RealScalar rcond() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return internal::rcond_estimate_helper(m_l1_norm, *this);
+ }
+
+ template <typename Derived>
+ LDLT& rankUpdate(const MatrixBase<Derived>& w, const RealScalar& alpha=1);
+
+ /** \returns the internal LDLT decomposition matrix
+ *
+ * TODO: document the storage layout
+ */
+ inline const MatrixType& matrixLDLT() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_matrix;
+ }
+
+ MatrixType reconstructedMatrix() const;
+
+ /** \returns the adjoint of \c *this, that is, a const reference to the decomposition itself as the underlying matrix is self-adjoint.
+ *
+ * This method is provided for compatibility with other matrix decompositions, thus enabling generic code such as:
+ * \code x = decomposition.adjoint().solve(b) \endcode
+ */
+ const LDLT& adjoint() const { return *this; };
+
+ inline Index rows() const { return m_matrix.rows(); }
+ inline Index cols() const { return m_matrix.cols(); }
+
+ /** \brief Reports whether previous computation was successful.
+ *
+ * \returns \c Success if computation was succesful,
+ * \c NumericalIssue if the matrix.appears to be negative.
+ */
+ ComputationInfo info() const
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ return m_info;
+ }
+
+ #ifndef EIGEN_PARSED_BY_DOXYGEN
+ template<typename RhsType, typename DstType>
+ EIGEN_DEVICE_FUNC
+ void _solve_impl(const RhsType &rhs, DstType &dst) const;
+ #endif
+
+ protected:
+
+ static void check_template_parameters()
+ {
+ EIGEN_STATIC_ASSERT_NON_INTEGER(Scalar);
+ }
+
+ /** \internal
+ * Used to compute and store the Cholesky decomposition A = L D L^* = U^* D U.
+ * The strict upper part is used during the decomposition, the strict lower
+ * part correspond to the coefficients of L (its diagonal is equal to 1 and
+ * is not stored), and the diagonal entries correspond to D.
+ */
+ MatrixType m_matrix;
+ RealScalar m_l1_norm;
+ TranspositionType m_transpositions;
+ TmpMatrixType m_temporary;
+ internal::SignMatrix m_sign;
+ bool m_isInitialized;
+ ComputationInfo m_info;
+};
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template<int UpLo> struct ldlt_inplace;
+
+template<> struct ldlt_inplace<Lower>
+{
+ template<typename MatrixType, typename TranspositionType, typename Workspace>
+ static bool unblocked(MatrixType& mat, TranspositionType& transpositions, Workspace& temp, SignMatrix& sign)
+ {
+ using std::abs;
+ typedef typename MatrixType::Scalar Scalar;
+ typedef typename MatrixType::RealScalar RealScalar;
+ typedef typename TranspositionType::StorageIndex IndexType;
+ eigen_assert(mat.rows()==mat.cols());
+ const Index size = mat.rows();
+ bool found_zero_pivot = false;
+ bool ret = true;
+
+ if (size <= 1)
+ {
+ transpositions.setIdentity();
+ if (numext::real(mat.coeff(0,0)) > static_cast<RealScalar>(0) ) sign = PositiveSemiDef;
+ else if (numext::real(mat.coeff(0,0)) < static_cast<RealScalar>(0)) sign = NegativeSemiDef;
+ else sign = ZeroSign;
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ for (Index k = 0; k < size; ++k)
+ {
+ // Find largest diagonal element
+ Index index_of_biggest_in_corner;
+ mat.diagonal().tail(size-k).cwiseAbs().maxCoeff(&index_of_biggest_in_corner);
+ index_of_biggest_in_corner += k;
+
+ transpositions.coeffRef(k) = IndexType(index_of_biggest_in_corner);
+ if(k != index_of_biggest_in_corner)
+ {
+ // apply the transposition while taking care to consider only
+ // the lower triangular part
+ Index s = size-index_of_biggest_in_corner-1; // trailing size after the biggest element
+ mat.row(k).head(k).swap(mat.row(index_of_biggest_in_corner).head(k));
+ mat.col(k).tail(s).swap(mat.col(index_of_biggest_in_corner).tail(s));
+ std::swap(mat.coeffRef(k,k),mat.coeffRef(index_of_biggest_in_corner,index_of_biggest_in_corner));
+ for(Index i=k+1;i<index_of_biggest_in_corner;++i)
+ {
+ Scalar tmp = mat.coeffRef(i,k);
+ mat.coeffRef(i,k) = numext::conj(mat.coeffRef(index_of_biggest_in_corner,i));
+ mat.coeffRef(index_of_biggest_in_corner,i) = numext::conj(tmp);
+ }
+ if(NumTraits<Scalar>::IsComplex)
+ mat.coeffRef(index_of_biggest_in_corner,k) = numext::conj(mat.coeff(index_of_biggest_in_corner,k));
+ }
+
+ // partition the matrix:
+ // A00 | - | -
+ // lu = A10 | A11 | -
+ // A20 | A21 | A22
+ Index rs = size - k - 1;
+ Block<MatrixType,Dynamic,1> A21(mat,k+1,k,rs,1);
+ Block<MatrixType,1,Dynamic> A10(mat,k,0,1,k);
+ Block<MatrixType,Dynamic,Dynamic> A20(mat,k+1,0,rs,k);
+
+ if(k>0)
+ {
+ temp.head(k) = mat.diagonal().real().head(k).asDiagonal() * A10.adjoint();
+ mat.coeffRef(k,k) -= (A10 * temp.head(k)).value();
+ if(rs>0)
+ A21.noalias() -= A20 * temp.head(k);
+ }
+
+ // In some previous versions of Eigen (e.g., 3.2.1), the scaling was omitted if the pivot
+ // was smaller than the cutoff value. However, since LDLT is not rank-revealing
+ // we should only make sure that we do not introduce INF or NaN values.
+ // Remark that LAPACK also uses 0 as the cutoff value.
+ RealScalar realAkk = numext::real(mat.coeffRef(k,k));
+ bool pivot_is_valid = (abs(realAkk) > RealScalar(0));
+
+ if(k==0 && !pivot_is_valid)
+ {
+ // The entire diagonal is zero, there is nothing more to do
+ // except filling the transpositions, and checking whether the matrix is zero.
+ sign = ZeroSign;
+ for(Index j = 0; j<size; ++j)
+ {
+ transpositions.coeffRef(j) = IndexType(j);
+ ret = ret && (mat.col(j).tail(size-j-1).array()==Scalar(0)).all();
+ }
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ if((rs>0) && pivot_is_valid)
+ A21 /= realAkk;
+
+ if(found_zero_pivot && pivot_is_valid) ret = false; // factorization failed
+ else if(!pivot_is_valid) found_zero_pivot = true;
+
+ if (sign == PositiveSemiDef) {
+ if (realAkk < static_cast<RealScalar>(0)) sign = Indefinite;
+ } else if (sign == NegativeSemiDef) {
+ if (realAkk > static_cast<RealScalar>(0)) sign = Indefinite;
+ } else if (sign == ZeroSign) {
+ if (realAkk > static_cast<RealScalar>(0)) sign = PositiveSemiDef;
+ else if (realAkk < static_cast<RealScalar>(0)) sign = NegativeSemiDef;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return ret;
+ }
+
+ // Reference for the algorithm: Davis and Hager, "Multiple Rank
+ // Modifications of a Sparse Cholesky Factorization" (Algorithm 1)
+ // Trivial rearrangements of their computations (Timothy E. Holy)
+ // allow their algorithm to work for rank-1 updates even if the
+ // original matrix is not of full rank.
+ // Here only rank-1 updates are implemented, to reduce the
+ // requirement for intermediate storage and improve accuracy
+ template<typename MatrixType, typename WDerived>
+ static bool updateInPlace(MatrixType& mat, MatrixBase<WDerived>& w, const typename MatrixType::RealScalar& sigma=1)
+ {
+ using numext::isfinite;
+ typedef typename MatrixType::Scalar Scalar;
+ typedef typename MatrixType::RealScalar RealScalar;
+
+ const Index size = mat.rows();
+ eigen_assert(mat.cols() == size && w.size()==size);
+
+ RealScalar alpha = 1;
+
+ // Apply the update
+ for (Index j = 0; j < size; j++)
+ {
+ // Check for termination due to an original decomposition of low-rank
+ if (!(isfinite)(alpha))
+ break;
+
+ // Update the diagonal terms
+ RealScalar dj = numext::real(mat.coeff(j,j));
+ Scalar wj = w.coeff(j);
+ RealScalar swj2 = sigma*numext::abs2(wj);
+ RealScalar gamma = dj*alpha + swj2;
+
+ mat.coeffRef(j,j) += swj2/alpha;
+ alpha += swj2/dj;
+
+
+ // Update the terms of L
+ Index rs = size-j-1;
+ w.tail(rs) -= wj * mat.col(j).tail(rs);
+ if(gamma != 0)
+ mat.col(j).tail(rs) += (sigma*numext::conj(wj)/gamma)*w.tail(rs);
+ }
+ return true;
+ }
+
+ template<typename MatrixType, typename TranspositionType, typename Workspace, typename WType>
+ static bool update(MatrixType& mat, const TranspositionType& transpositions, Workspace& tmp, const WType& w, const typename MatrixType::RealScalar& sigma=1)
+ {
+ // Apply the permutation to the input w
+ tmp = transpositions * w;
+
+ return ldlt_inplace<Lower>::updateInPlace(mat,tmp,sigma);
+ }
+};
+
+template<> struct ldlt_inplace<Upper>
+{
+ template<typename MatrixType, typename TranspositionType, typename Workspace>
+ static EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE bool unblocked(MatrixType& mat, TranspositionType& transpositions, Workspace& temp, SignMatrix& sign)
+ {
+ Transpose<MatrixType> matt(mat);
+ return ldlt_inplace<Lower>::unblocked(matt, transpositions, temp, sign);
+ }
+
+ template<typename MatrixType, typename TranspositionType, typename Workspace, typename WType>
+ static EIGEN_STRONG_INLINE bool update(MatrixType& mat, TranspositionType& transpositions, Workspace& tmp, WType& w, const typename MatrixType::RealScalar& sigma=1)
+ {
+ Transpose<MatrixType> matt(mat);
+ return ldlt_inplace<Lower>::update(matt, transpositions, tmp, w.conjugate(), sigma);
+ }
+};
+
+template<typename MatrixType> struct LDLT_Traits<MatrixType,Lower>
+{
+ typedef const TriangularView<const MatrixType, UnitLower> MatrixL;
+ typedef const TriangularView<const typename MatrixType::AdjointReturnType, UnitUpper> MatrixU;
+ static inline MatrixL getL(const MatrixType& m) { return MatrixL(m); }
+ static inline MatrixU getU(const MatrixType& m) { return MatrixU(m.adjoint()); }
+};
+
+template<typename MatrixType> struct LDLT_Traits<MatrixType,Upper>
+{
+ typedef const TriangularView<const typename MatrixType::AdjointReturnType, UnitLower> MatrixL;
+ typedef const TriangularView<const MatrixType, UnitUpper> MatrixU;
+ static inline MatrixL getL(const MatrixType& m) { return MatrixL(m.adjoint()); }
+ static inline MatrixU getU(const MatrixType& m) { return MatrixU(m); }
+};
+
+} // end namespace internal
+
+/** Compute / recompute the LDLT decomposition A = L D L^* = U^* D U of \a matrix
+ */
+template<typename MatrixType, int _UpLo>
+template<typename InputType>
+LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>& LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>::compute(const EigenBase<InputType>& a)
+{
+ check_template_parameters();
+
+ eigen_assert(a.rows()==a.cols());
+ const Index size = a.rows();
+
+ m_matrix = a.derived();
+
+ // Compute matrix L1 norm = max abs column sum.
+ m_l1_norm = RealScalar(0);
+ // TODO move this code to SelfAdjointView
+ for (Index col = 0; col < size; ++col) {
+ RealScalar abs_col_sum;
+ if (_UpLo == Lower)
+ abs_col_sum = m_matrix.col(col).tail(size - col).template lpNorm<1>() + m_matrix.row(col).head(col).template lpNorm<1>();
+ else
+ abs_col_sum = m_matrix.col(col).head(col).template lpNorm<1>() + m_matrix.row(col).tail(size - col).template lpNorm<1>();
+ if (abs_col_sum > m_l1_norm)
+ m_l1_norm = abs_col_sum;
+ }
+
+ m_transpositions.resize(size);
+ m_isInitialized = false;
+ m_temporary.resize(size);
+ m_sign = internal::ZeroSign;
+
+ m_info = internal::ldlt_inplace<UpLo>::unblocked(m_matrix, m_transpositions, m_temporary, m_sign) ? Success : NumericalIssue;
+
+ m_isInitialized = true;
+ return *this;
+}
+
+/** Update the LDLT decomposition: given A = L D L^T, efficiently compute the decomposition of A + sigma w w^T.
+ * \param w a vector to be incorporated into the decomposition.
+ * \param sigma a scalar, +1 for updates and -1 for "downdates," which correspond to removing previously-added column vectors. Optional; default value is +1.
+ * \sa setZero()
+ */
+template<typename MatrixType, int _UpLo>
+template<typename Derived>
+LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>& LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>::rankUpdate(const MatrixBase<Derived>& w, const typename LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>::RealScalar& sigma)
+{
+ typedef typename TranspositionType::StorageIndex IndexType;
+ const Index size = w.rows();
+ if (m_isInitialized)
+ {
+ eigen_assert(m_matrix.rows()==size);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ m_matrix.resize(size,size);
+ m_matrix.setZero();
+ m_transpositions.resize(size);
+ for (Index i = 0; i < size; i++)
+ m_transpositions.coeffRef(i) = IndexType(i);
+ m_temporary.resize(size);
+ m_sign = sigma>=0 ? internal::PositiveSemiDef : internal::NegativeSemiDef;
+ m_isInitialized = true;
+ }
+
+ internal::ldlt_inplace<UpLo>::update(m_matrix, m_transpositions, m_temporary, w, sigma);
+
+ return *this;
+}
+
+#ifndef EIGEN_PARSED_BY_DOXYGEN
+template<typename _MatrixType, int _UpLo>
+template<typename RhsType, typename DstType>
+void LDLT<_MatrixType,_UpLo>::_solve_impl(const RhsType &rhs, DstType &dst) const
+{
+ eigen_assert(rhs.rows() == rows());
+ // dst = P b
+ dst = m_transpositions * rhs;
+
+ // dst = L^-1 (P b)
+ matrixL().solveInPlace(dst);
+
+ // dst = D^-1 (L^-1 P b)
+ // more precisely, use pseudo-inverse of D (see bug 241)
+ using std::abs;
+ const typename Diagonal<const MatrixType>::RealReturnType vecD(vectorD());
+ // In some previous versions, tolerance was set to the max of 1/highest and the maximal diagonal entry * epsilon
+ // as motivated by LAPACK's xGELSS:
+ // RealScalar tolerance = numext::maxi(vecD.array().abs().maxCoeff() * NumTraits<RealScalar>::epsilon(),RealScalar(1) / NumTraits<RealScalar>::highest());
+ // However, LDLT is not rank revealing, and so adjusting the tolerance wrt to the highest
+ // diagonal element is not well justified and leads to numerical issues in some cases.
+ // Moreover, Lapack's xSYTRS routines use 0 for the tolerance.
+ RealScalar tolerance = RealScalar(1) / NumTraits<RealScalar>::highest();
+
+ for (Index i = 0; i < vecD.size(); ++i)
+ {
+ if(abs(vecD(i)) > tolerance)
+ dst.row(i) /= vecD(i);
+ else
+ dst.row(i).setZero();
+ }
+
+ // dst = L^-T (D^-1 L^-1 P b)
+ matrixU().solveInPlace(dst);
+
+ // dst = P^-1 (L^-T D^-1 L^-1 P b) = A^-1 b
+ dst = m_transpositions.transpose() * dst;
+}
+#endif
+
+/** \internal use x = ldlt_object.solve(x);
+ *
+ * This is the \em in-place version of solve().
+ *
+ * \param bAndX represents both the right-hand side matrix b and result x.
+ *
+ * \returns true always! If you need to check for existence of solutions, use another decomposition like LU, QR, or SVD.
+ *
+ * This version avoids a copy when the right hand side matrix b is not
+ * needed anymore.
+ *
+ * \sa LDLT::solve(), MatrixBase::ldlt()
+ */
+template<typename MatrixType,int _UpLo>
+template<typename Derived>
+bool LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>::solveInPlace(MatrixBase<Derived> &bAndX) const
+{
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ eigen_assert(m_matrix.rows() == bAndX.rows());
+
+ bAndX = this->solve(bAndX);
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+/** \returns the matrix represented by the decomposition,
+ * i.e., it returns the product: P^T L D L^* P.
+ * This function is provided for debug purpose. */
+template<typename MatrixType, int _UpLo>
+MatrixType LDLT<MatrixType,_UpLo>::reconstructedMatrix() const
+{
+ eigen_assert(m_isInitialized && "LDLT is not initialized.");
+ const Index size = m_matrix.rows();
+ MatrixType res(size,size);
+
+ // P
+ res.setIdentity();
+ res = transpositionsP() * res;
+ // L^* P
+ res = matrixU() * res;
+ // D(L^*P)
+ res = vectorD().real().asDiagonal() * res;
+ // L(DL^*P)
+ res = matrixL() * res;
+ // P^T (LDL^*P)
+ res = transpositionsP().transpose() * res;
+
+ return res;
+}
+
+/** \cholesky_module
+ * \returns the Cholesky decomposition with full pivoting without square root of \c *this
+ * \sa MatrixBase::ldlt()
+ */
+template<typename MatrixType, unsigned int UpLo>
+inline const LDLT<typename SelfAdjointView<MatrixType, UpLo>::PlainObject, UpLo>
+SelfAdjointView<MatrixType, UpLo>::ldlt() const
+{
+ return LDLT<PlainObject,UpLo>(m_matrix);
+}
+
+/** \cholesky_module
+ * \returns the Cholesky decomposition with full pivoting without square root of \c *this
+ * \sa SelfAdjointView::ldlt()
+ */
+template<typename Derived>
+inline const LDLT<typename MatrixBase<Derived>::PlainObject>
+MatrixBase<Derived>::ldlt() const
+{
+ return LDLT<PlainObject>(derived());
+}
+
+} // end namespace Eigen
+
+#endif // EIGEN_LDLT_H